𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 585 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

𝑇𝑤 = 24°𝐶
10 𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑥𝐴 = = 0.1
10 + 90 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛

𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐴 = 1750
ℎ

𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.8 𝑃𝐶
𝑇𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎 − 10 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 6% 𝑇𝐶 = 45°𝐶

𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 2.2
𝑐𝑚2
𝑇𝑣 = 142°𝐶
𝑔
𝜌𝐿 = 2.25
𝑚𝑙 𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑥𝑝 = 1 + 2.5 𝑥𝐴 = 3.5 𝑥𝐴 = 0.35
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛
 180 ∆𝑇𝑥0.7 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= 𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.04𝑥 − 0.0016𝑇
1+𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.6 ℎ𝑚 2 °𝐶 𝐾𝑔°𝐶

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑐𝑝𝑠

✘DETERMINE:
✘a) Número de tubos necesarios para integrar la calandria, si tienen un largo de
1.5m y 2 in de diámetro. 3 ptos
✘b) Economía real del equipo. 1 pto
✘c) Calor necesario para llevar a cabo el proceso. 2 ptos
𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 = 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 = 𝐸

𝑀𝐴 = 𝐸 + 𝑀𝑃

1750 = 𝐸 + 𝑀𝑃

𝑀𝐴 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑀𝑃 𝑥𝑝
𝑀𝐴 𝑥𝐴 1750 0.1 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑃 = = = 500
𝑥𝑝 0.35 ℎ
 1750 = 𝐸 + 500
𝑘𝑔
𝐸 = 1250
ℎ
𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴

𝐻𝐸 = 𝐻𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 0.45𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝐻𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑥 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝐻𝐴 = 𝑐𝑝𝐴 𝑡𝐴 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓
 𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐶 = 0.09771
𝑐𝑚2

𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.8𝑃𝐶 = 1.8 0.09771

𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 0.1758
𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑎 = 57°𝐶

𝑇𝐴 = 57 − 10 = 47°𝐶
 𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝑥𝑝 = 0.35

𝑡𝑥 = 57 + 13 = 70°𝐶

𝑡𝑥 = 70°𝐶
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴

𝐻𝐸 = 𝐻𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 0.45𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 622 + 0.45 13 = 627.85
𝑘𝑔
 𝐻𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑥 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐻𝐴 = 𝑐𝑝𝐴 𝑡𝐴 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.04𝑥 − 0.0016𝑇
𝑘𝑔°𝐶

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑝 = 1 − 0.04 0.35 − 0.0016 70 = 0.874
𝑘𝑔°𝐶
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝐴 = 1 − 0.04 0.1 − 0.0016 47 = 0.9208
𝑘𝑔°𝐶
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑝 = 0.874 70 − 0 = 61.18
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐴 = 0.9208 47 − 0 = 43.27
𝑘𝑔
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴

61.18 ∙ 0.1 − 43.27 ∙ 0.35 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙

= 627.85 + = 591.74
0.35 − 0.1 𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 = 1250 591.74 = 739675
ℎ 𝑘𝑔 ℎ
 𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 0.06𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 739675 + 0.06 739675
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 784055.5
ℎ
Masa de vapor Teórico / sin perdidas y vapor saturado

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑀𝑉 ∙ 𝜆 = 𝐸

𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑀𝑉 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 =
𝜆@𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡

739675
𝑀𝑉 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 =
?
 𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 2.2 2
𝑇𝑣 = 142°𝐶
𝑐𝑚
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑘𝑔𝑓 1.033 2
𝑃𝐴𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 2.2 + 585 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑐𝑚
𝑐𝑚 2 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝐴𝑏𝑠 = 2.9951 2
𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 132°𝐶 𝜆𝑣 = 517.9
𝑐𝑚 𝑘𝑔
Masa de vapor Teórico / sin perdidas y vapor saturado

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑀𝑉 ∙ 𝜆 = 𝐸

𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑀𝑉 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 =
𝜆@𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡

739675 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑉 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 = = 1428.2197
517.9 ℎ
Masa de vapor Real / con perdidas y Sobrecalentamiento
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑀𝑉 𝜆@𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 + 0.45 𝑇𝑣 − 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 784055.5
ℎ

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚
𝑀𝑉 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
𝜆@𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 + 0.45 𝑇𝑣 − 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡

784055.5 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑉 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 = = 1500.87
517.9 + 0.45 142 − 132 ℎ
Masa de vapor Real / con perdidas y Humedad
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑀𝑉 𝜆@𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 ∙ 𝑋 = 𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 784055.5
ℎ

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚
𝑀𝑉 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
𝜆@𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑋
 𝐸
𝜀=
𝑀𝑣
𝑘𝑔
𝐸 1250 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 0.8752 𝑘𝑔𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝜀𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = = ℎ =
𝑀𝑣𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑘𝑔 𝑉𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑉𝑎𝑝
1428.2197
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐸 1250 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑘𝑔𝐸𝑣
𝜀𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 = = ℎ = 0.8328
𝑀𝑣𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑔 𝑉𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑉𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟
1500.87
ℎ
 ECUACIÓN DE FOURIER

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑇

𝑄𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 = 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝐴𝑈∆𝑇 = 𝐸

𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝐸 𝐸
𝐴= = =
𝑈∆𝑇 𝑈∆𝑇 𝑈 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒
 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎

ℎ 150 𝑐𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃ℎ = 𝑝𝐿 𝑝 = 0.00225 = 0.1688
2 2 𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚2

𝑔 1𝑘𝑔 1𝑚𝑙 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝐿 = 2.25 3
= 0.00225
𝑚𝑙 1000𝑔 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3

100 𝑐𝑚
ℎ = 1.5 𝑚 = 150 𝑐𝑚
1𝑚
 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎

′
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃𝐸𝑉 + 𝑃ℎ = 0.1758 + 0.1688 = 0.3446
𝑐𝑚2
′
𝑃𝐸𝑉 → 𝑡𝑎′ = 72°𝐶

′
t𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝑡𝑒 = 72 + 13 = 85°𝐶
 180 ∆𝑇𝑥0.7 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= 𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.04𝑥 − 0.0016𝑇
1+𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.6 ℎ𝑚 2 °𝐶 𝐾𝑔°𝐶

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑐𝑝𝑠

 180 ∆𝑇𝑥0.7 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= 𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.04𝑥 − 0.0016𝑇
1+𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.6 ℎ𝑚 2 °𝐶 𝐾𝑔°𝐶

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑐𝑝𝑠

 180 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑥 0.7 180 132 − 70 0.7
𝑈= =
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.6 1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.6

De grafica
𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.7 3.5 = 2.45 𝑐𝑝

180 132 − 70 0.7 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑈= = 1539.0589
1 + 2.45 0.6 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶
 Viscosidad

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 =
 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝐸 739675
𝐴= = =
𝑈∆𝑇 𝑈∆𝑇 1539.0589 132 − 85

𝐴 = 10.22 𝑚2

𝐴 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 10.22
#𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 = = = 42.69 ≈ 43
𝐴𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜 0.2394
2.54 𝑐𝑚 1𝑚
𝐴𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜 = 𝜋𝐷ℎ = 𝜋 2𝑖𝑛 1.5 𝑚 = 0.2394𝑚2
1𝑖𝑛 100 𝑐𝑚
 120 ∆𝑇𝑥0.8 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= 𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.04𝑥 − 0.0016𝑇
1+𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.45 ℎ𝑚 2 °𝐶 𝑘𝑔°𝐶

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑐𝑝𝑠

e) Sin utilizar un sistema de vacío mecánico, cuál sería la manera de regularlo
en la operación
f) Si la solución diluida se precalentara hasta llegar a 5°C por debajo de la
temperatura de ebullición
¿En que afectaría a la economía de la operación? ¿Usted recomendaría
hacerlo? ¿Por qué
 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑇𝑤 = 24°𝐶
𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑥𝐴 = 0.08
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛

𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐴 = 4264
ℎ

𝑇𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎 − 15
𝑉𝑐 = 1.08 𝑉𝐸𝑉

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 3%
𝑃𝑉𝐴𝑏𝑠 = 46 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴 𝑔
𝜌𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 1.2
𝑚𝑙

0.037 𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑡𝑥 = 66°𝐶 𝑥𝑝 = = 0.27
0.037+0.1 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛
 𝑄=𝐸

𝑀𝐴 = 𝐸 + 𝑀𝑃

4264 = 𝐸 + 𝑀𝑃

𝑀𝐴 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑀𝑃 𝑥𝑝

𝑀𝐴 𝑥𝐴 4264 0.08 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑃 = = = 1263.4
𝑥𝑝 0.27 ℎ
 𝑄=𝐸

𝑘𝑔
𝐸 = 𝑀𝐴 − 𝑀𝑃 = 4264 − 1263.4 = 3000.6
ℎ

𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴

𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸. = 7°𝐶
𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸 𝑡𝑎 = 𝑡𝑥 − 𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸. = 66 − 7 = 59°𝐶
 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑇𝑤 = 24°𝐶
𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑥𝐴 = 0.08
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛
𝑡𝑎 = 59°𝐶

𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐴 = 4264
ℎ
𝑉𝑐 = 1.08 𝑉𝐸𝑉

𝑇𝐴 = 44°𝐶

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 3%
𝑃𝑉𝐴𝑏𝑠 = 46 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴 𝑔
𝜌𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 1.2
𝑚𝑙

0.037 𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑡𝑥 = 66°𝐶 𝑥𝑝 = = 0.27
0.037+0.1 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴

𝐻𝐸 = 𝐻𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 0.45 𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 622.8 + 0.45 7 = 625.95
𝑘𝑔
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝𝑃 𝑡𝑥 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0.8836 66 − 0 = 58.31
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐴 = 𝑐𝑝𝐴 𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0.9264 51 − 0 = 40.76
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑐𝑝𝑃 = 1 − 0.04 0.27 − 0.0016 66 = 0.8836
𝑘𝑔°𝐶

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑐𝑝𝐴 = 1 − 0.04 0.08 − 0.0016 51 = 0.9264
𝑘𝑔°𝐶
 58.31 ∙ 0.08 − 40.76 ∙ 0.27 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
= 625.95 + = 592.57
0.27 − 0.08 𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄=𝐸 = 3000.6 592.57 = 1,778,065.542
ℎ

𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐴= =
𝑈∆𝑇 𝑈 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒
 120∆𝑇𝑥0.8 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈=
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.45 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶

∆𝑇𝑥 = 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑥
𝑘𝑔𝑓
1.033 2 𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝑣𝐴𝑏𝑠 = 46𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴 𝑐𝑚 = 3.2341
14.7 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴 𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 135°𝐶 𝜆𝑣 = 515.8
𝑘𝑔
 Viscosidad

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 =
 120∆𝑇𝑥0.8 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈=
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.45 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.7 2.5 = 1.75𝑐𝑝

120 135 − 66 0.8 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑈= 0.45
= 2251.96
1 + 1.75 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶
 ′
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃𝐸𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 𝑃ℎ

𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉@𝑡𝑎 = 0.1939
𝑐𝑚2
ℎ 150𝑐𝑚 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑙 1𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃ℎ = 𝜌𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 1.2 3
= 0.09
2 2 𝑚𝑙 1𝑐𝑚 1000𝑔 𝑐𝑚2
 ′
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 0.1939 + 0.09 = 0.2839
𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑎′ = 68°𝐶

𝑡𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎′ + 𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸. = 68 + 7 = 75°𝐶
 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 1,778,065.542
𝐴= =
𝑈∆𝑇 2251.96 135 − 75

𝐴 = 13.16 𝑚2

2.54 𝑐𝑚 1𝑚
𝐴 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜 = 𝜋𝐷𝐿 = 𝜋 1.5 𝑖𝑛 1.5𝑚 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓 𝑚2
1 𝑖𝑛 100 𝑐𝑚

𝐴 13.16
𝑁𝑜. 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 = = = 73.31 ≈ 74 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠
𝐴𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜 0.1795
 MASA DE VAPOR

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 0.03𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 1.03𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 = 1.03 1,778,065.542
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 1,831,407.508
ℎ
 MASA DE VAPOR

𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑀𝑣 ∙ 𝜆𝑣

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚 1,831,407.508 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑣𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 = = ℎ = 3550.61
𝜆𝑣 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ
515.8
𝑘𝑔
 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄=𝐸 = 5000 592.57 = 2,962,850
ℎ
 𝐻𝐸 − 𝐻𝐶
𝑊=𝐸
𝑇𝑊 𝐻𝐶 − 𝐻𝑊

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 625.95
𝑘𝑔
𝑡𝑎
𝐻𝐶 = 1 𝑇𝑐 − 0

𝐻𝑊 = 1 24 − 0

𝑃𝐶 → 𝑇𝐶 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0°𝐶
𝐸+𝑊
 PRESION DEL CONDENSADOR

𝑉𝑐 = 1.08 𝑉𝐸𝑉

𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑉𝐸𝑉

𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑉𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.033 − 0.1939 = 0.8391
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑐 = 1.08 0.8391 = 0.9062
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑉𝐶 = 1.033 − 0.9062 = 0.1268
𝑐𝑚2
 PRESION DEL CONDENSADOR

𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑉𝐶 = 1.033 − 0.9062 = 0.1268
𝑐𝑚2

𝑇𝐶 = 51°𝐶
 625.95 − 51
𝑊 = 3000.6
𝑇𝑊 51 − 24

𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 63896.11
ℎ
𝑡𝑎 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 625.95
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐶 = 1 51 − 0 = 51
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐶 → 𝑇𝐶
𝐸+𝑊 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑊 = 1 24 − 0 = 24
𝑘𝑔
 625.95 − 51
𝑊 = 3000.6
𝑇𝑊 51 − 24
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 63896.11
ℎ

𝑡𝑎 𝑘𝑔 𝐴𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝐸𝑛𝑓
𝑊 63896.11 ℎ
=
𝐸 𝑘𝑔 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
3000.6
ℎ

𝑃𝐶 → 𝑇𝐶 𝑊 21.29 𝑘𝑔 𝐴𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝐸𝑛𝑓

=
𝐸+𝑊 𝐸 1 𝑘𝑔 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
 𝐸 3000.6 0.8451 𝑘𝑔𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝜀𝑅 = = =
𝑀𝑣𝑅 3550.61 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑉𝑎𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡
EXAMEN
En un evaporador de circulación natural instalado en un lugar donde la presión
atmosférica es 650 mmHg, se desean obtener 2200 kg/h de una solución al 45%
𝐾𝑔
en masa de un orgánico cuyo (𝑃𝑀 = 100 ) se sabe que dentro del
𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
evaporador la solución aumenta su concentración un 100%. El agua de
enfriamiento que entra al condensador se alimenta a una temperatura de 22°C ,
el vacío en este equipo equivale a 510 mmHg. La presión absoluta del espacio
vapor es 34% mayor que la presión en el condensador. Se tienen perdidas del
4% respecto al calor necesario y el vapor de calentamiento presenta una calidad
del 98%, la masa de vapor se suministra a una presión manométrica de 2.5
kg/cm2 con un gasto de 2665 kg/h
𝑔
𝜌𝐿 = 1 + 0.57𝑥
𝑚𝑙
180∆𝑇𝑥0.7 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= 𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.04𝑥 − 0.0011𝑇
1+𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.4 ℎ𝑚 2 °𝐶 𝐾𝑔°𝐶

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.35 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑐𝑝𝑠

 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 650 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.34𝑃𝑐 𝑇𝑤 = 22°𝐶
𝑥𝑝 = 2 𝑥𝐴

𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑥𝐴 = 0.225
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛

𝑉𝑐 = 510 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

𝑘𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 4%
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 2.5
𝑐𝑚2
𝑋 = 0.98
𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑣 = 2665 𝑘𝑔𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑘𝑔
ℎ 𝑥𝑝 = 0.45 𝑀𝑃 = 2200
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 ℎ
✘ DETERMINE:
✘a) Número de tubos necesarios para integrar la calandria, si tienen un largo de
1.5m y 2 in de diámetro.
✘b) Temperatura a la que se alimenta la solución diluida
✘c) Si el agua de enfriamiento se alimenta a 20°C % de agua de enfriamiento
que se ahorraría
✘d) Si la solución se alimentará a 40°C usted recomendaría hacerlo respecto a
la temperatura del inciso a)
✘e) Si se trasladara la operación a la CDMX , para mantener las mismas
temperaturas de operación ¿Que tendría que modificar?
✘
 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐸 + 𝑀𝑃

𝑀𝐴 = 𝐸 + 2200

𝑀𝐴 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑀𝑃 𝑥𝑝

𝑀𝑝 𝑥𝑝 2200 0.45 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐴 = = = 4400
𝑥𝐴 0.225 ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐸 = 4400 − 2200 = 2200
ℎ
 𝑘𝑔
𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑀𝑣 ∙ 𝜆𝑣 ∙ 𝑋 = 2665 0.98
ℎ

𝑘𝑔 650 1.033 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 2.5 2
+ = 3.3834
𝑐𝑚 760 𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 137°𝐶 𝜆𝑣 = 514.4
𝑘𝑔
 𝑘𝑔
𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑀𝑣 ∙ 𝜆𝑣 ∙ 𝑋 = 2665 514.4 0.98
ℎ
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 1,343,458.48
ℎ

𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠

𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 + 0.04𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 1.04 𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

1343458.48 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 = 𝑄𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = = 1,291,787
1.04 1.04 ℎ
 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 = 1,291,787
ℎ

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 = 𝐸 = 1,291,787
ℎ
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 1291787 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
= = ℎ = 587.1759
𝐸 𝑘𝑔𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝 𝑘𝑔 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝
2200
ℎ
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴

𝐻𝐸 = 𝐻𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 0.45 𝐴𝑃𝐸

 𝑘𝑔
1.033 2 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑐 = 510 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑐𝑚 = 0.6931
760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑐𝑚2

1.033 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑉𝑐 = 650 − 0.6931 = 0.1903
760 𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.34 𝑃𝑐 = 1.34 0.1903 = 0.255
𝑐𝑚2
 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.34 𝑃𝑐 = 1.34 0.1903 = 0.255
𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑎 = 65°𝐶 𝑇𝐶 = 59°𝐶

𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸.

𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃°@𝑡𝑥 ∙ 𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

 𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 1 − 𝑥𝑝 = 1 − 0.45 = 0.55

𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 0.55
𝑃𝑀𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 18 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣
𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = = = 0.8716
𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑥𝑝 0.55 0.45 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑛
+ +
𝑃𝑀𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑀𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 18 100

𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃°@𝑡𝑥 ∙ 𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

𝑃𝐸𝑉 0.255 𝑘𝑔
𝑃°@𝑡𝑥 = = = 0.2926
𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 0.8716 𝑐𝑚2
 𝑘𝑔
𝑃°@𝑡𝑥 = 0.2926
𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑥 = 69°𝐶

𝑡𝑎 = 65°𝐶 𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸. = 4°𝐶
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
587.1759 = 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 625.2 + 0.45 4 = 627
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝𝑃 𝑡𝑥 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0.9061 69 − 0 = 62.5209
𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑝𝑃 = 1 − 0.04𝑥𝑝 − 0.0011𝑡𝑥 = 1 − 0.04 0.45 − 0.0011 69
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑐𝑝𝑃 = 0.9061
𝑘𝑔°𝐶
 62.5209 0.225 − 𝐻𝐴 0.45
587.1759 = 627 +
0.45 − 0.225
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐴 = 51.1725
𝑘𝑔
𝐻𝐴 = 𝑐𝑝𝐴 𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝑐𝑝𝐴 = 1 − 0.04𝑥𝐴 − 0.0011𝑇𝐴 = 1 − 0.04 0.225 − 0.0011𝑇𝐴

𝐻𝐴 = 1 − 0.04 0.225 − 0.0011𝑇𝐴 𝑇𝐴

51.1725 = 1 − 0.04 0.225 − 0.0011𝑇𝐴 𝑇𝐴

𝑇𝐴 = 55 °𝐶
 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐴=
𝑈∆𝑇

180∆𝑇𝑥0.7 180 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑥 0.7

𝑈= 0.4
=
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 1+
𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.35 𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑐𝑝𝑠
 Viscosidad

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 =
 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐴=
𝑈∆𝑇

180∆𝑇𝑥0.7 180 137 − 69 0.7 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑈= 0.4
= 0.4
= 2147.5546
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 1 + 2.275 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶
𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.35 6.5 = 2.275
𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐴=
𝑈 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒
 ′
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃𝐸𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝐸𝑉@𝑡𝑎 = 0.255
𝑐𝑚2

ℎ 150𝑐𝑚 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑙 1𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃ℎ = 𝜌𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 1.2565 = 0.0942
2 2 𝑚𝑙 1𝑐𝑚3 1000𝑔 𝑐𝑚2

𝑔
𝜌𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 1 + 0.57 𝑥𝑝 = 1 + 0.57 0.45 = 1.2565
𝑚𝑙
 ′
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 0.255 + 0.0942 = 0.3492
𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑎′ = 73°𝐶

𝑡𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎′ + 𝐴. 𝑃. 𝐸. = 73 + 4 = 77°𝐶
 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐴=
𝑈∆𝑇

180∆𝑇𝑥0.7 180 137 − 69 0.7 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑈= 0.4
= 0.4
= 2147.5546
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 1 + 2.275 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶
𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.35 6.5 = 2.275
1,291,787
𝐴= = 10.0252 𝑚2
2147.5546 137 − 77
 2.54 𝑐𝑚 1𝑚
𝐴 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜 = 𝜋𝐷𝐿 = 𝜋 2 𝑖𝑛 1.5𝑚 = 0.2394 𝑚2
1 𝑖𝑛 100 𝑐𝑚

𝐴 10.0252
𝑁𝑜. 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 = = = 41.87 ≈ 42 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠
𝐴𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜 0.2394
 𝐻𝐸 − 𝐻𝐶
𝑊=𝐸
𝑇𝑊 𝐻𝐶 − 𝐻𝑊

𝐻𝐸 = 𝐻𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 0.45𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝑡𝑎 𝐻𝐶 = 𝑐𝑝𝐻2𝑂 𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝐻𝑊 = 𝑐𝑝𝐻2𝑂 𝑇𝑊 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0°𝐶
𝐸+𝑊
𝑇𝐶
 𝐻𝐸 − 𝐻𝐶
𝑊=𝐸
𝑇𝑊 𝐻𝐶 − 𝐻𝑊

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 627
𝑘𝑔
𝑡𝑎 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐶 = 1 59 − 0 = 59
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑊 = 1 22 − 0 = 22
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐶 → 𝑇𝐶
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0°𝐶
𝐸+𝑊
 627 − 59
𝑇𝑊 𝑊 = 2200
59 − 22

627 − 59
𝑊 = 2200
59 − 22
𝑡𝑎

𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 33772.973
ℎ
𝑃𝐶 → 𝑇𝐶
𝐸+𝑊
 627 − 59
𝑇𝑊 𝑊2 = 2200
59 − 20
𝑘𝑔
𝑊2 = 32041.0256
ℎ
𝑡𝑎 %𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜 𝐴𝑔𝑢𝑎
𝑊 − 𝑊2
%= 100
𝑊
33772.973 − 32041.0256
%= 100
33772.973
𝑃𝐶 → 𝑇𝐶
𝐸+𝑊
% = 5.13%
 175∆𝑇𝑥0.7 𝑘𝑔
𝑈= 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝜌𝐿𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 1000 3
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.5 𝑚

𝐶𝑝 = 1 − 0.11 𝑥 − 0.0012 𝑇
 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑈∆𝑇

𝐴 = # 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜 = 420 𝜋 0.03375 4 = 178.1283 𝑚2

175∆𝑇𝑥0.7
𝑈=
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.5

∆𝑇𝑥 = 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑥
 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑈∆𝑇

𝐴 = # 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜 = 420 𝜋 0.03375 4 = 178.1283 𝑚2

175∆𝑇𝑥0.7
𝑈=
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 0.5

∆𝑇𝑥 = 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑡𝑥
 𝑘𝑔 585 1.033 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 2.5 2
+ = 3.2951
𝑐𝑚 760 𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 136°𝐶 𝜆𝑣 = 515.1
𝑘𝑔
 𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.3𝑃𝐶

𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐶 = 0.12578
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 1.3 0.12578 = 0.1635
𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑎 = 56°𝐶
 𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝐴𝑃𝐸 = 9°𝐶

𝑡𝑥 = 56 + 9 = 65°𝐶

𝑇𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎 − 8 = 56 − 8 = 48°𝐶
 Viscosidad

𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 =
 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.7𝜇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.7 9 = 6.3 𝑐𝑝𝑠

175∆𝑇𝑥0.7 175 136 − 65 0.7 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑈= 0.5
= 0.5
= 1280.14
1 + 𝜇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 1 + 6.3 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶
 ′
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑃𝐸𝑉 = 𝑃𝐸𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 𝑃ℎ = 0.1635 + 0.2 = 0.3635
𝑐𝑚2

ℎ 400𝑐𝑚 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔
𝑃ℎ = 𝜌𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 1000 3 3
= 0.2
2 2 𝑚 100 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚2

𝑡𝑎′ = 74°𝐶 ∴
𝑡𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎′ + 𝐴𝑃𝐸 = 74 + 9 = 83°𝐶
 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑈∆𝑇

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄 = 178.1283 1280.14 136 − 83 = 12,085,545.584
ℎ

𝑄=𝐸

𝑄
𝐸=
 𝐻𝑝 ∙ 𝑥𝐴 − 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝑥𝑝
= 𝐻𝐸 +
𝑥𝑝 − 𝑥𝐴
𝐻𝐸 = 𝐻𝑉@𝑡𝑎 + 0.45 𝐴𝑃𝐸

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐸 = 621.5 + 0.45 9 = 625.55
𝑘𝑔
 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝𝑃 𝑡𝑥 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0.867 65 − 0 = 56.355
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑝 = 1 − 0.11 0.5 − 0.0012 65 = 0.867
𝑘𝑔°𝐶

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐴 = 𝑐𝑝𝐴 𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0.9204 48 − 0 = 44.1792
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝐴 = 1 − 0.11 0.2 − 0.0012 48 = 0.9204
𝑘𝑔°𝐶
 56.355 0.2 − 44.1792 0.5
= 625.55 +
0.5 − 0.2

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
= 589.488
𝑘𝑔

12,085,545.584 𝑘𝑔
𝐸= = 20501.7669
589.488 ℎ

12,085,545.584
𝑀𝑣 =
𝜆𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡 + 0.45 𝑇𝑣 − 𝑇𝑣𝑠𝑎𝑡