Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Region 1
DIVISION OF PANGASINAN II
Benigno V. Aldana National High School
Cablong, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan
ENGLISH FOR
ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
Quarter 1
Prepared by:
JHONALYN TIBULE
CHARISYL DE GUZMAN
ERLYN ALCANTARA
JINCKY ANN DULAY
Writers
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, which is important to develop and keep in mind.
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LESSON 1
EXPECTATIONS
Competency 1: Differentiate language used in academic texts from various discipline
In this module, you will have to differentiate the language used in academic text from
various disciplines.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
define what an academic language is;
identify the characteristics of an academic language; and
use academic language in academic writing.
Let us start your journey in learning more about the Language Used in Academic Text from Various
Disciplines. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!
WHAT I KNOW
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
This module takes up all the skills already learned and challenges the
learners to apply them in writing various texts for academic contexts. Each
lesson focuses on one type of academic text. It will let you try to go beyond
reading and start writing. Learning academic language is vital because
students who master it are more likely to be successful in academic and
professional setting.
Academic writing is a challenging but satisfying activity. It needs great
preparations. One of the necessary preparations is on language use.
Academic writing requires academic language. Language use is a qualifying
component of a text to be categorized as an academic text.
Several definitions and explanations can be given to academic
language which is considered a formal way to present words on a certain
field.
In other words, academic language can always be associated with academic
disciplines such as discourse features, grammatical constructions across different language
domains. To learn more effectively, do not forget to enjoy learning. Good luck!
Distinctive Attributes of Academic Language
There are four important features of language use that you need to know about:
A. Formality – Generally, academic writing is formal where the following
should be avoided:
*Colloquial words and expressions and idiomatic expressions
*Abbreviated words such as can’t, doesn’t, shouldn’t and others
*Two-word verbs such as put off, bring up
*Expanded terms over their abbreviated equivalents such as “as soon
as possible” instead of ASAP
B. Objectivity- Academic writing requires special knowledge and use of
more complex language and objectivity. This means that the writing must be
impersonal and maintain a certain level of social distance.
Objectivity can be achieved by:
*Avoiding the use of personal pronouns such as you, I, and we.
Poor example: You need to conduct the experiment.
Improved version: The researchers need to conduct the experiment.
*Avoiding rhetorical questions as it marks “closeness” with the reader, and
constantly seeks his/her attention.
Poor example: How can these problems be solved?
Improved version: Certain measures must be discovered to solve the
problems.
*Avoiding emotive language that shows biases and lessens objectivity.
Poor example: The investigators were very shocked to see the outcome
of the tests.
Improved example: The investigators did not expect the results.
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C. Explicitness – The writer makes sure that the various parts of the text
are related to one another, free from obscurity and easy to understand.
If you intend to show a change in your line of argument, make it
clear by using however.
Example:
It is apparent that the government hopes to provide assistance to the poor. However,
giving dole outs to the “poorest of the poor” does not work in the long term.
D. Caution
Academic writing requires care since knowledge is built from proven theories and
concepts. Therefore, caution is needed to avoid sweeping generalizations.
Example: Government officials are corrupt.
The statement is not completely true and the rhetorical impact of the statement may
be misleading. The statement can be improved through the use of devices such as
modal verbs, adverbs, or verbs.
Note: You can perform the following activities through collaborating with a partner. You can first answer the
activities individually then just communicate your results after.
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ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
1. With the growing number of Covid19 cases, a lot of young professionals are becoming serious
about maintaining a healthy life-style.
4. Teachers say that a lot of incoming Senior High School students are interested in sports
activities.
5. Jenny got together with Ivan in conducting an experiment effectively enhancing muscle build
up.
Activity 2
6. Writing can’t be done effectively if you don’t burn the midnight oil.
Activity 3
Directions: Substitute the single-word verb for the two-word verb in the following sentences. Write
your answer on the space provided.
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REMEMBER
► Students who are proficient in academic language are equipped to acquire
new knowledge and skills needed in the classroom setting.
► Teachers are significant in developing understanding and critical thinking
skills among students. Moreover, they play an important role in leading the
students to attain academic progress and eventually to become successful in
the chosen field.
► Academic language is a formal way of presenting ideas and information
through words. It is also associated to the oral, written, auditory and visual
language proficiency required to learn effectively in schools.
► It is vital to a learner to develop skills in vocabulary, grammar punctuation,
syntax and the likes.
► The seven (4) distinctive attributes of academic language include the
following: Formality, Objectivity, Explicitness, and Caution. Each attribute
has a unique set of rules to consider in to come up with a good academic
writing that should be clear and concise in order to communicate its content
in the best way possible.
2. Similarly
4. For example
5. In addition
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POST TEST
I. Directions: Choose the correct term in the box that will complete the
thought of each sentence.
abbreviation claims evidences logical ideas
formal standard statistics illustrations value
1. Academic writing is formal where words should be
avoided such as doesn’t, couldn’t, and others.
2. In Academic writing, information such as facts, figures, graphs and
are given precisely.
3. Academic writing uses vocabulary and that conform to the
correct value or standard.
4. All evidences and justifications are provided to support the .
5. Academic writing is organized where the are presented on a
logical manner.
II. Directions: Analyze the sentences carefully. Replace the italicized two-
word verb in each sentence with a single-word verb from the choices. Write
the correct answers in the blanks.
refuses create tolerate eliminate reduced
raised produces conducted established increased
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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Directions: Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by
completing the chart below.
I thought…
What were your thoughts or
ideas about language in
academic text prior to the
discussion of this lesson?
I learned
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REFERENCES
Valdez, Paolo Niňo M. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series
English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Quezon City, Philippines.
Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
https://elt.oup.com/student/academicvocabulary/li/sectionO
Retrieved June 21, 2020
http://www.uefap.com/writing/feature/featfram.html
Retrieved June 18, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+essay+writing
Retrieved June 23, 2020
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LESSON 2
EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you will be able to use knowledge of text structure to
glean the information you need. (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Iac-4)
Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. identify the common structures of an academic text; and
2. apply knowledge of text structure in gathering information through critical reading of
academic text.
PRE-TEST
1. Which type of text structure introduces a negative situation and then the methods for fixing it?
a. Cause/effect
b. Problem/solution
c. Sequence
d. Descriptive
2. Which of the following is NOT a common structure of an academic text?
a. Compare/contrast
b. descriptive
c. Sequence
d. Summary
3. Which of the following is true about text structures?
a. It can be used within longer text
b. It is synonymous to text features
c. It is used in the development of ideas located only in the body.
d. It refers to the organizational patterns in the text.
4. Which term means stating the differences between two things or ideas?
a. Description
b. Compare
c. Contrast
d. Problem
5. This is one of the signal terms in a cause-effect structure of academic text.
a. Following
b. Then
c. Thus
d. Whereas
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BRIEF DISCUSSION
Academic texts are organized in a specific way and have a clear structure. This
structure makes it easier for the reader to navigate the text and understand the material better. It
should be clear throughout the text and within each section, paragraph and even sentence.
Text Structures refer to the organizational patterns of a text. Generally, it is
composed of text types, parts, transition words and phrases, patterns of organization,
sentences, and paragraphs. For example, a text might present a main idea and then details, a
cause and then its effects, an effect and the causes, two different views of a topic. Therefore, it
is important to recognize common text structures found in expository texts.
There are five common text structures which are as follow, it includes the transition to
be used and a sample sentence for your guide.
1. SEQUENCE: This text structure gives readers a chronology of events or a list of steps in a
procedure. Items are listed, but there is a connecting thread— the steps/actions build toward a
result/ending/ outcome.
2. DESCRIPTIVE: This type of text structure features a detailed description of something to give
the reader a mental picture. The specific details could come in the form of a bulletted or
numbered list, or a list of items in paragraph form.
3. COMPARE-CONTRAST: This type of text examines the similarities and differences between
two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc. It requires the reader to organize the material
in such a way as to make the connections between/ among the items clear and explicit.
4. CAUSE-EFFECT: This structure presents the causal relationship between a specific event,
idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or concepts that follow. Typically, the cause(s) comes
before the effect(s). However, it’s possible for the effect(s) to be outlined in the text and then
connected to the cause(s).
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Transitions Consequently, therefore, as a result, thereby, leads to, because of, in
order to, for these reasons, thus, if-then, may
be due to.
Example Everyone followed health protocols. As a result,
the
pandemic was gradually eradicated.
Transitions The problem is, the difficulty is, it is possible to, if-then,
one challenge is, therefore.
Example The problem that we are facing is the lack of self-discipline
of the society.
Awesome! You are really working hard today. Keep working on it. You have already mastered
the different structures of an academic text. So now, gather yourself and get ready to answer
the following activities for you!
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ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Read the passages and identify the main structure used in each paragraph.
1. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
Having good attendance is important because attendance determines the school’s
funding. Some students have poor attendance, and the school has tried many ways of
addressing this: teachers have talked to parents on the phone and the school has mailed letters.
Yet, some students still maintain poor attendance. Next, the staff will attempt to schedule
parent/teacher/administrator conferences with students who are habitually absent. Hopefully,
this will help more students get to school every day.
2. CAUSE-EFFECT
Education in our society serves many purposes, but there are three main functions.
First, students learn skills that will help prepare them for society. Writing, reading, and
mathematics are essential in today’s workplace and many people learn these skills in school.
Second, schools serve communities. Whether by functioning as polling locations during
elections or providing safe havens for students in temporary living situations, public schools
add value to communities. Third, public schools provide a structured environment for children
to engage in productive activities during many days of the year while their adult caretakers
may be working. In other words, public schools also provide day care. These are three of the
primary reasons why we have schools in our society.
3. SEQUENCE
Getting a new phone is a really cool feeling, but your phone can’t do much without
applications. In order to get the most from your new phone, you need to download apps. To do
this you will need a data connection. Some plans allow you to get data from your phone
network. If your plan lets you to do this, you can connect to web services anywhere that your
phone gets a signal. If your plan does not let you to do this, you will need to connect your
device to a Wi-Fi network. Free Wi-Fi can be found at coffee shops, laundry mats, and other
public locations. Once your phone is receiving data, go to the application store on the device.
Use the search or browse functions to find fun, interesting, or useful programs. Once you have
found an application that you want to try, click the button to download and install it on your
device. Not all applications are free, so make sure that you know how much the app costs
before agreeing to download it. Also, if you are under the age of 18, get your parent’s
permission before downloading anything. You’ll like your new phone so much more once you
have some cool apps.
5. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
If you're planning on dressing up for a wedding, dance, or other formal event, you'll
need to wear some dress shoes. While your feet may look great in dress shoes, they will
probably feel horrible. Wearing dress shoes for more than a few minutes can be extremely
painful. This pain may prevent you from having a good time. One thing that you can do to
protect yourself is to bring a box of band-aids with you. As the dress shoes tear up the skin on
your feet, put those band-aids on the wounds to ease the pain and prevent further damage. The
band-aids will create a protective layer that will reduce the amount of pain that your dress
shoes may inflict. Don't let foot pain ruin your fun; come to the party prepared.
ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Pick out the signal words from the list and classify them accordingly using the
boxes below.
REMEMBER THESE!
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Why is it important to know? Using your knowledge of the structure of an academic text will aid you in
comprehending the text you are reading as long as it is coupled with critical reading and use of
appropriate techniques. Recognizing the text structure will help you read more strategically since you
know the predictable information to be laid out in each structure.
ACTIVITY 3
Direction: Read the text entitled Studying for a Test and answer the questions that
follow. Write your answers on the space provided.
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ACTIVITY 4
Directions: Read the passages below and determine how each is mainly
structured. On the answer sheet, write the structure used and put the information
from each passage in an appropriate graphic organizer.
Passage 1
Earthquakes happen all over the world in areas called seismic zones. Seismic
zones occur where the plates of crust covering the Earth’s surface meet each other.
Inside the Earth, the mantle is always moving, which in turn moves the plates. These
plates push against each other, building up tension between them. When the tension
between plates becomes too great, they grind against each other, causing the Earth’s
surface to tremble and shake.
Passage 2
I have noticed that a lot of people are confused about mobile data and Wi-fi.
Some people think that they’re the same thing. Both mobile data and Wi-fi allow you
to connect to the internet. However, there are some important differences between
them. Mobile data is provided by the mobile phone company. Whereas, Wi-fi is comes
through cable or phone lines. Mobile data gives you internet access anywhere that
your phone can get a signal. But, you can only get Wi-fi access when you are near a
router. Customers are usually given a nearly unlimited amount of Wi-fi data, like an
all-you-can-eat buffet. On the other hand, mobile data is often sold in limited
portions, like an expensive restaurant. It is important to know which you are using so
that you aren’t charged additional fees for going over your mobile data plan limits.
Passage 3
In the center of Luna’s Spoliarium painting are fallen gladiators being dragged
by Roman soldiers. At the left side, spectators ardently await their chance to strip off
the combatants of their metal helmets and other armory. In addition, emotions are
featured on the left and the right side presents a sober mood. It can be seen also in the
right side; an old man carries a torch perhaps searching for his son while a
woman weeps the death of her loved one.
Passage 4
The first step of changing oil in a car is to gather supplies. After you have
collected all of the tools and supplies, prepare your vehicle. Start the car and let it run
for one to two minutes to warm the oil and the engine. Then, find a flat surface to
jack the vehicle from the center under the engine. Next, locate the oil filter and oil
drain plug. Put on work gloves to protect your hands and position an oil drain pan
under the engine then remove the plug the rest of the way.
Passage 5
Some students have poor attendance. The school has tried many ways of addressing
this such as teachers have sent letters and/or have talked to parents immediately,
school has scheduled parent/ teacher/ guidance counsellor/ school prefect of
discipline conferences with students who are habitually absent. Hopefully, this will
help more students get to school every day.
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POST TEST
I. Directions: Identify what is being asked or described in each item. Write
the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before the number.
A. B. C. D.
II. Direction: Identify what is being described in each item. Choose your answer in the box below.
________________1. presents the causal relationship between a specific event, idea, or concept and
the events, ideas, or concepts that follow
________________2. shows what is in common and what is different
________________3. gives the reader a mental picture
________________4. suggests appropriate actions to address certain issue
________________5. gives readers a chronology of events or a list of steps in a procedure.
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Name:
Grade & Section:
Directions: Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by
completing the chart below.
What new or additional ideas did you learn after taking up this lesson?
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REFERENCE
Sedita, Joan (2020). Teaching Text Structures. Retrieved from
https://keystoliteracy.com/blog/teaching-text-structures/
Structural Clues in Nonfiction - PDF Content Area Literacy: Understanding Text Structure,
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/content_area_lite
racy/pages/understanding_text_struct.html https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/
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ANSWER KEY
PRE-TEST
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. C
POST TEST
I.
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. B
II.
1. CAUSE-EFFECT
2. COMPARE-CONTRAST
3. DESCRIPTIVE
4. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
5. SEQUENCE
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Republic of the Philippines
Department Of Education
Region I
DIVISION OF PANGASINAN II
ARBOLEDA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Espiritu St. San Pedro Ili, Alcala, Pangasinan
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