QUARTER I

Subject: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC and Module: 3 Week: 3

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (EAPP)
Lesson: Summarizing Academic Texts
• Content Standard: The learners acquire knowledge of appropriate reading strategies for a better
understanding of academic texts
• Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to produces a detailed abstract of information
gathered from the various academic texts read
• Competency (Code): The learners use various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Iac-4)
Objectives:
A. Identify the basic rules in summarizing;
B. Apply the various techniques in summarizing academic texts;
C. State the importance of summarizing academic texts; and
D. Summarize academic texts using the appropriate summarizing technique.
September 20-24, 2021

WHAT I KNOW (ACTIVITY 1)

I. Directions: Read the following statements written on the bulletin board. Cross out the
statements that do not describe proper summarization and put a check after each statement that
does describe proper summarization.

Use own words to write the summary.

Include trivial details in the summary.
A summary should be a word or two.
One’s summary may contain one’s opinion of the text.
Cover main points and key ideas.

Erase repetitive ideas.

Use specific names instead of general terms.
A summary should be a paragraph long.
Examples should be written in a summary.
Vagueness is acceptable in a summary.

II. Directions: Each paper has a corresponding number and an example of a specific
summarizing technique. Write the number of the paper on the box which is labeled with
the technique that fits the example written on the paper.
 Live theater is much more entertaining than going to the movies. The
1 action seems more real than in a film. Live theater also allows the
audience the opportunity to interact with the actors.

Tuesday’s With Morrie by Mitch Albom tells a story

2 about a man who meets his old professor on
Tuesdays for one final class on the
meaning of life.

The history of the English language began with the Anglo-Saxon tribes
3 who wandered the forest of Northern Europe. As different invaders
reached England, the English language branched out by borrowing words
and had undergone major changes in its linguistic system. The English language has
continued to expand with billions of people speaking the
language all over the world.

The Department of Education aims to continuously provide

4 quality education to the Filipino learners. However, because
of the threat of the corona virus, the department struggles to
realize its goal. In order to achieve its mission, DepEd devises a learning
scheme that answers the needs and demands of the learners in this time of
pandemic. Thus, DepEd promotes different alternative learning
modalities in the era of New Normal.

Oskar Schindler, a German businessman, saved 1,100

5 Jews in Krakow, Poland, during the World War II. He grew
to care about his Jewish workers an, particularly those with whom
he came in contact on a daily basis. His connections
helped Schindler protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in
Nazi concentration camps. He also had to give Nazi officials ever larger
bribes and gifts of luxury items obtainable only on the black market to keep
his workers safe.
 Somebody First
Wanted But Then
So Then Finally

State, Assign,
Action,
Complete 5 W’s and
1H Outlining
(SAAC)

WHAT’S IN (ACTIVITY 2)

Directions: Read the passages below and complete the crossword puzzle below by
identifying the text structure used in each passage.

ACROSS

1. Bicycles are an excellent choice when it comes to transportation. Biking is healthy and faster
than walking, but it is also dangerous. Each year tens of thousands of people are killed or injured
while riding a bicycle. This is because our roads are designed for motorists 1885 – Chain Driven
Bicycle and not cyclists, but we can change the landscape. Each time a road is built or rebuilt, we
should put in bike lanes. Clearly marked bicycle lanes will give cyclists a safer place to ride. Our
cyclists deserve this little bit of consideration. In fact, their very lives are depending on it.

2. Have you ever wondered how mountain bikes can ride so smoothly on rough surfaces? The
reason for this is that mountain bikes have suspension systems. Suspension systems keep the
wheels in continuous contact with the ground. This improves control and insulates the rider from
changes in the surface. Suspension systems also reduce vibrations and make the ride more
comfortable. Just don't get too comfortable and put your feet up because you still need those for
peddling.

3. How do you know which kind of bike is right for you and the riding you’ll do? Well, that’s what this
guide is for. Road bikes are lightweight, efficient bikes with drop handlebars and narrow tires for
recreational riding on pavement. Mountain bikes are rugged machines with flat handlebars and
wide, knobby tires for riding narrow dirt trails. Utility bikes are bikes designed for utility , such as
commuting or errands, including some that haul kids or cargo.

DOWN

1. Congratulations on your purchase of the Flag Master 5000! You'll find this state of the art system
will allow you to display your bicycle flag higher than ever, and installation is a snap. Just attach the
Flag Master carrier unit to the rear axle of your bicycle frame with the provided clamps. Once the
carrier is secure, drop the base of your flag into the flag carrier and you're ready to ride. Your heart
will swell with pride as you navigate the streets of your neighborhood waving the flag of your
favorite sports team, nation, state, or maybe your flag will just be a solid color. Enjoy your
breathtaking rise to the heights of popularity with this fashionable bicycle accessory.

2. Bicycles are a pretty old innovation when compared to something like a mobile phone. Some
say a Scottish blacksmith named Kirkpatrick MacMillan invented the first self-propelled two-
wheeled vehicle, or bicycle, in 1839. MacMillan's design connected the pedals to the wheel with
rods. J. K. Starley improved on this design in 1885 when he created the first chain driven bicycle.
Starley's work was so good that most bicycles today have similar designs. Some important
features have been added since then: cable brakes were introduced in the 1890s, which gave
bicycles greater stopping power, and derailleur systems, which allowed the rider to change gears,
were invented in 1905. Today's bicycles have lightweight frames, precision manufactured parts,
and are more affordable than ever, yet surprisingly little has changed since Starley’s original
design. I guess that it's hard to improve upon perfection.

3. Buying a bicycle is exciting and rewarding, but choosing the right bicycle requires some
thought. One of the major considerations is whether to get a mountain bike, a racing bike, or a BMX
bike. All of these have the parts that you would expect from a bicycle: a frame, pedals, two
wheels, a chain-- but mountain bikes and racing bikes have multiple gears while BMX bikes
have only one gear. Multiple gears give the rider the ability to increase or decrease the force
required to push the pedals. This can be an advantage when you are travelling over a variety of
surfaces. Racing bikes and mountain bikes both have multiple gears, but mountain bikes tend to
have thicker, more rugged tires that allow the cyclist to travel off of the path more smoothly. Racing
bikes may go faster than mountain bikes on streets, but they are pretty much limited
to riding on paved roads. Like mountain bikes, BMX bikes are built for off-roading. BMX bikes
even have a popular off-road race culture associated with them, but if you plan on riding great
distances, you would probably find a mountain bike to be more comfortable. When it's time to make
that big purchase, you should weigh these considerations.

4. A bicycle is a mechanism that has transported man for many decades. Nowadays, bicycling is a
great way to move from one place to another in short distances. Bicycles should be used for short
distances to protect the environment as well as your health. By riding a bicycle, people can
decrease gasoline consumption, improve the quality of their lives, and protect the environment.
 WHAT’S NEW (ACTIVITY 3)

Directions: Summarize the paragraph below in two to three sentences.

“The Northern Lights”

There are times when the night sky glows with bands of color. The bands may begin as cloud
shapes and then spread into a great arc across the entire sky. They may fall in folds like a curtain
drawn across the heavens. The lights usually grow brighter, then suddenly dim. During this time the
sky glows with pale yellow, pink, green, violet, blue, and red. These lights are called the Aurora
Borealis. Some people call them the Northern Lights. Scientists have been watching them for
hundreds of years. They are not quite sure what causes them. In ancient times people were afraid
of the Lights. They imagined that they saw fiery dragons in the sky. Some even concluded that
the heavens were on fire.
Long Beach City College WRSC
SUMMARY

LESSON PROPER
Definition, Purpose, Rules and Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts

Buckley (2004), in her popular writing text Fit to Print, defines summarizing as reducing text to one-third
or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and retaining main ideas. Diane
Hacker (2008), in A Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis
and main ideas “simply, briefly, and accurately” (p. 62).

Summarizing is also essential skill that is needed in the workplace and in the community. In some cases,
writing a summary is an excellent learning strategy that allows students to monitor their own progress in
learning course material.

Basic Rules:

A. Erase things that don’t matter. Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to understanding.

B. Only write down important points. If it is not something that will help you understand or remember, then
don’t write it down. Think of it this way . . . If you had to pay money for every word you write down, which
words would you choose to include in your notes?

C. Erase things that repeat. Delete redundant material. In note taking, time and space are precious. If a
word or phrase says basically the same thing you have already written down, then don’t write it again!

D. Trade, general terms for specific names. Substitute superordinate terms for lists (e.g., flowers for
daisies, tulips for roses). Focus on the big picture. Long, technical lists are hard to remember. If one word
will give you the meaning, then less is more.

E. Use your own words to write the summary. Do not just copy the sentences
from the original text. However, do not inject your opinion in your summary.

Techniques:

1. Outlining. An outline is a map of your essay. It shows what information each section or paragraph
will contain and in what order.

I. Main Idea
A. Supporting Details
B. Supporting Details
II. Main Idea
A. Supporting Details
B. Supporting Details

2. Somebody Wanted But So Then. Each word represents a key question

related to a text’s essential elements:

Somebody—Who is the text about?

Wanted—What did the main character want?
But—What was the problem encountered?
So—How was the problem solved? Then—How did it end?
3. SAAC Method. This method is particularly helpful in learning the format of a summary. This includes the
title and author’s name.

State— The name of the article, book, movie

Assign—the name of the author
Action—what the author is doing (ex. Tells, explains)
Complete—complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important
details.

4. 5W’s, 1 H. This technique relies on six crucial questions: Who, What, When, Where, Why, How. These
questions make it easy to identify the main character, important details and main idea. Your summary may
not necessarily follow this order as long as it contains all of these information.

Who is the text about?

What did he/she do?
When did it happen?
Why did he/she do it?
How did he/she do what he/she did?

5. First Then Finally. This technique helps summarize events or steps in chronological order or in
sequence.

First– What happened first?

Then– What key details took place during the event/action?
Finally– What were the results of the event/action?

WHAT’S MORE (ACTIVITY 3)

Directions: Read the following texts. Write a 3-5 sentence summary of the following text using the
assigned technique.
HEALTHY EATING

It is important to enjoy the food you eat. And eating in a healthier way may even be cheaper! Some
traditional beliefs of what makes up a healthy diet may be really good, such as eating home-preserved
vegetables, but other traditional beliefs are disease-promoting, e.g. eating large quantities of fatty meat daily.
Recent evidence has shown that eating too much meat with animal fat is risky to our health. Only very small
amounts of lean meat are needed – and not every day. In fact, the less meat and animal fat we eat the
better!

Eating too much animal fat is a main cause of ill health. Our bodies need very little but most of us eat too
much. You may have heard of SATURATED FATS. These are found mainly in the meat of cows, pigs and
sheep and in products which include their meat and fat, such as sausages, meat pies and beef burgers.
Eating too much saturated fat can lead to coronary heart disease and being overweight. UNSATURATED
FATS, however, are found in oily fish, chicken, eggs, turkey, duck, beans and lentils and foods made from
these. Unsaturated fat may be better for you, but eating TOO MUCH FAT of any type can increase your
weight. It is better to buy a small amount of lean meat rather than fatty meat or solid fat. It is even better to
EAT MORE FISH of all kinds.

And don’t forget to increase your IRON intake by eating liver. Traditional meals using peas, beans and
lentils provide good nourishment. Remember to cut down on any animal fat used in cooking, e.g. in soups do
not add fat and do not fry food for. Where FAT is involved, LESS IS BEST.
 Write the summary using the First, Then, Finally technique:

The Hacksaw Ridge Movie

In Lynchburg, Desmond Doss and his brother Hal are raised by a dysfunctional family since their father
Tom Doss is an alcoholic war veteran of World War I that beats their mother Bertha. After a naughty fight
with his brother Hal turns awry, Desmond Doss reads the Bible and vows not to harm another human in his
life thereafter. Desmond then saves the life of a worker, experiencing a wholesome satisfaction in the
process. In the hospital, he is smitten by a nurse, Dorothy Schutte, whom he then dates. After the United
States enters the Second World War, both sons enlist, adding to the ire of the father who despises his sons
joining the Army. The rigorous regimen of training in the Army requires Desmond to clear his firearms
training, but after a huge tiff with his seniors, his father, an old corporal, intervenes to save Desmond from
being court-martialed and serve with the Army as a medic. Then, got posted to Hacksaw Ridge, Okinawa.
Desmond saved 75 men during the battle without firing a single shot. As an army medic with a strong desire
to save lives, Desmond single-handedly evacuated wounded near enemy lines despite his own wounds. He
was awarded with the Congressional Medal of Honor.

Write the summary using the 5 W’s, 1 H technique:

Coronavirus in the Philippines: The COVID-19 risk, impact and measures

By Praveen Duddu (an excerpt)

Preventive measures by the Philippine government

The Philippine government is taking several steps to control the spread of the virus, including travel
restrictions, closure of schools and colleges, as well as training schools of the Philippine National Police.

Educational institutes in the country are announced to be closed from March 9 to March 15, whereas in
Metro Manila the classes will be suspended until April 12.

Stringent social distancing measures will be in place in the National Capital Region (NCR) for 30 days
from March 15.
 The government announced earlier on February 2, 2020 that all persons except Filipino citizens and
permanent resident visa holders were temporarily barred from entering the country.

A temporary ban on Filipinos from traveling to China or its special administrative region was also
imposed. A mandatory 14-day quarantine for Filipinos returning to from China or its special administrative
region was announced.

Write the summary using the SAAC technique:

HOW TO CHANGE ENGINE OIL

Changing the engine oil at a regular interval is very essential to achieve quality engine performance. In
so doing, the following tools and materials should be prepared: drive-on ramps, jack and jack stands,
socket wrench or box end wrench to fit drain plug, droplight or flashlight, pour spout, drain pan, rags, fender
covers, fresh motor oil, work gloves, and safety goggles.

With these tools and materials ready on hand, the process could be started. First, raise the front of the
car and support it with jack stands (unless working clearance under the car is adequate). Place a basin
beneath the drain plug. Loosen oil drain into the basin.

Clean the drain plug and washer with rags (some plugs are magnetized to trap metal particles). Next,
replace the plug and washer as soon as old oil had drained. Start plug by hand and tighten it as far as
possible. When the plug is seated, tighten it another half-turn with a wrench. Finally, find oil filter. Add
amount of oil given in the owner’s manual, 1qt. Less filter is not changed. Start engine and check for leaks at
the drain plug. Lower the car, check oil level, and adjust if necessary.

The completion of this process with the other pars in excellent working condition ensures a satisfying
journey.

Write the summary using the outlining technique:

In April of 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh, under the authority of Queen Elizabeth of England, sent an expedition
of seven ships carrying 600 men, half of them soldiers, to found an English colony in North America. The
colony was to be used to establish an English presence in the New World as well as a base from which
English privateers, or pirates, could attack and plunder Spanish treasure fleets. Raleigh’s cousin, Sir Richard
Grenville, led the expedition.
 In July of that year the bulk of the fleet reached a small island off the coast of Virginia that was called
Roanoke. After building a small fort on the north side of the island, the colonists initiated relations with a
Native American tribe that lived on the island, the Aquascogoc. These natives showed little interest in
building relations with the English colonists, and they soon parted company. After this encounter, however,
the English noticed that one of their silver cups had gone missing, and they attributed its disappearance to
the Aquascogoc. Grenville, the English captain, was furious. He believed that the Aquascogoc had stolen
the silver cup. Whether or not this was true, angry exchanges followed and soon the English burned the
Aquascogoc village. The English held their fort against the subsequent attacks of the natives.

Despite their success in battle, the colonists had a miserable time because they were mainly soldiers
and adventurers, not farmers. They were hungry. They missed the comforts of England, such as soft feather
beds and dainty foods. Also they had expected to find gold and silver on the island, and were disappointed
when they found none. Grenville soon tired of these conditions and set out on his ship to plunder Spanish
treasure fleets and return to England. The colony was gradually abandoned.

In 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh dispatched a further expedition of three ships and 150 colonists, led by John
White, to Roanoke. This time the expedition included women and children, including White’s pregnant
daughter, Elenora. Shortly after they reached Roanoke, Elenora delivered a child whom they named
Virginia. Virginia was the first English person born in America. But the English soon ran into more trouble
with the Native Americans. A colonist named George Howe was killed by natives while searching for crabs
alone on the beach. The colonists were scared. They persuaded White to sail back to England to ask Sir
Walter Raleigh for help. White left behind 114 colonists, including his daughter Elenora and granddaughter
Virginia.

Unfortunately for White and the colonists, England was preparing for a naval war with Spain. All shipping
from English ports was ceased. It took White three years to get his relief expedition back to Roanoke.
When he returned in August of 1590, White found no sign of his daughter, granddaughter, or anyone else.
They found three letters, “CRO,” carved on a tree and the full word, “CROATOAN,” on a nearby post.
Possibly this referred to the Croatoan Island, which was nearby. White searched long and anxiously, but
failed to find them.

Write the summary using the Somebody Wanted But So Then technique:

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED? (ACTIVITY 4)

What for you is the importance of learning to summarize academic texts?

WHAT CAN I DO? (ACTIVITY 5)

Directions: Summarize your personal experience during the quarantine period in this time of
pandemic into a one-paragraph only. You may use the technique that you think best fits the
nature of your summary.
 ASSESSMENT
I. Directions: Read the text below. Using your chosen technique/s, write a 5-8 sentence
summary of the given text.

If you are reading this right now, you are taking part in the wonder of literacy. Because of printed words,
people can send information across both time and space. Ideas are put in writing and sent to readers across
thousands of miles and years. Because of writing, the words of distant people can influence events, offer
knowledge, and change the world. Much of the credit for the development of this phenomenon can be
attributed to one man.

Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, better known as Johannes Gutenberg, was born in the
German city of Mainz. Though most of Gutenberg’s early life is a mystery, historians believe that he studied
at the University of Erfurt in 1418 and spent much of his young adult life practicing the profession of his
father: goldsmithing. Gutenberg borrowed money from investors in 1439 and found himself in financial
trouble.
In the year 1439 the city in which Gutenberg lived was planning to exhibit its large collection from
Emperor Charlemagne (a famous ruler who had united much of Western Europe around 800 AD). The
exhibit was expected to bring many visitors to the town, so Gutenberg took investments and create polished
metal mirrors which were to be sold to the visitors (it was a common belief at that time that mirrors were able
to capture holy light from religious relics).

The mirrors which Gutenberg produced probably would have sold well, but due to severe flooding the
event was delayed by one year. The impatient investors demanded that Gutenberg return their investments,
but he had already spent the money on producing the unsaleable mirrors. He was trapped in a difficult
situation. Gutenberg decided to share his greatest secret with them.

This secret would forever change the world, all of history, and even the process of keeping history. It’s
been argued that Gutenberg’s idea was one of the greatest of all mankind. This one idea would lead to the
spread of countless others. It would play a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the
Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution. This idea would bring learning to the masses.
Gutenberg had created the mechanical printing press with movable type.

Before the spread of Gutenberg’s idea, literature was handwritten. That means that each copy of the
bible and all of its 73 books were tediously hand scribed, and this was done before the invention of the
ballpoint pen. Given the amount of detail that went into each text, creating a single copy of a bible could take
years. Because of the effort that went into producing them, books were extremely rare and valuable.
Because of the value of books, here was little reason for common people to learn to read or write since it
was unlikely that they would ever handle a book in their lifetimes. Gutenberg’s invention would change that.
His printing press allowed literature to be produced on a mass scale. His movable metal type could be
arranged once to form a page, and he could print the page again and again
 The first major text that Gutenberg produced was a 42 line copy of the bible. Scholars estimate that
Gutenberg produced between 165 and 185 of these bibles, which sold out almost immediately. Most copies
went to churches and universities, though one was sold to a private individual. Copies are known to have
sold for 30 florins (about three years of wages for a clerk at the time), which may seem expensive but was
much cheaper than a hand produced copy. Purchasing a Gutenberg Bible in the 1450s would have been a
good investment if you and your descendants were able to maintain it. Only twenty one complete Gutenberg
Bibles exist today and the last one traded hands in 1987 for 4.9 million dollars, the highest price ever paid
for a book at the time.

Gutenberg’s brilliant idea would soon change the world, but in the short term he bungled a large and
risky investment. He found himself in financial trouble once again and was sued by one of his investors,
who accused Gutenberg of mismanaging money meant for the production of books. The courts ruled
against Gutenberg and he lost the shop that he had created. He was effectively bankrupt.

Though he had failed as a businessman, the technologies that he had created spread rapidly. As these
printing technologies spread, news and books began to travel much faster than previously possible. The
world has not been the same since. Though Gutenberg was financially unsuccessful in his own lifetime,
he made the world a much richer place.

HOMEWORK
1. What is a thesis statement?
2. How do you outline a text?