RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Prevalence of lactose intolerance among children in

Peshawar city

Submitted To:Madam beenish

Submitted By:Alishba Malik
BS 7th semester Batch IV
Session 2017-2018
College of Home Economics
University of Peshawar
Approval certificate

This is to certify that the research proposal has been completed by

ALISHBA MALIK under the supervision of undersigned ,in partial fulfillment
of the degree of BS of Home Economics ,in research methodology,from the
college of Home economics university of peshawar.

--------------------------------

_ Madam beenish khan

Lecturer in food and nutrition

College of Home Economics

University of Peshawar
Table of contents:

Introduction

Methodology

References
introduction:
Proper nutrition is an important determinant of health, learning ability, and working capacity.
Proper nutrition means consuming not only sufficient energy and protein but also adequate
vitamins and minerals. While economic development and higher incomes usually ensure
adequate caloric intake, they do not guarantee adequate intake of micro nutrients and macro
nutrient. This is partly because most micro nutrients are present only in selected types of
food, and partly because people do not have a natural hunger for vitamins and minerals.
(Goh, 2002)

Milk and milk products contain high concentrations of the disaccharide lactose (galactose and
glucose linked by a beta-galactoside bond). Intestinal absorption of lactose requires that the
disaccharide be hydrolyzed to its component monosaccharides, both of which are rapidly
transported across the small bowel mucosa. A brush border beta-galactosidase, lactase,
carries out this hydrolysis. While infants virtually always have high concentrations of lactase,
sometime after weaning a genetically programmed reduction in lactase synthesis results in
very low lactase activity in some adult subjects, a situation known as lactase non persistence.
Lactase non persistence results in incomplete digestion of an ingested load of lactose; hence
lactose is absorbed and reaches the colon. If sufficient lactose enters the colon, the subject
may experience symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, excess flatulence, and diarrhea, a
condition known as lactose intolerance.(Timothy et. al, 2010)

Subjects rated the occurrence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms experienced during
the 24-hour period after each test meal. Bloating, abdominal pain or cramps, Diarrhea or
loose stool was defined as “an urgent, watery defecation.” (FABRIZIS L et. Al, 1995)

Genetic deficiency is the most common cause of lactose intolerance.gastro (gastroenteritis,

tummy upset, bowel infection, infectious diarrhea) can damage the lining of the small bowel
and cause lactose intolerance for a few weeks after the illness in babies (or at any age.)A
severe food or milk allergy may cause lactose intolerance.Very rarely newborn babies do not
make any lactase, and become sick in the early stage of life. They do not grow until lactose
is removed from their diet.
Increasing age,ethnicity ,premature birth,diseases affecting the small intestine and certain
caner treatments are some of the risk factors of lactose intolerance.
lactose intolerance is most commonly found in people of African,Asian,american and Indian
descent.this disease usually appears in adulthood and is uncommon in babies and young
children.some intestinal problems including celiac disease and crohn's disease cause
lactose intolerance and some radiation therapy for cancer treatment patients have higher
risk of lactose intolerance.

Hypothesis

WorkingH1

Low privilege of lactose intolerance in Peshawar city.

Null

High privilege of lactose intolerance in Peshawar city.

Methodology

Anthropometric data

Height:

Weight:

Mid-upper arm:

BMI:

Biochemical data

Lactose intolerance test: blood glucose measurement for 3 hours.

 Stool test: watery stool

Hydrogen breath test: lactose malabsorption is diagnosed if hydrogen levels are

elevated.

Clinical analysis

To check out the possible physical symptoms of lactose intolerance.

Dietary history

To take the dietary history of the patient.

Sample size

A sample size of 200 children from Khyber teaching hospital will be selected randomly.

Among 200 children 100 will have low privilege pf lactose intolerance and 100 will have

high privilege of lactose intolerance.

Data Analysis

Data analysis is done will be on SPSS version 8 and it is a convenient sample. Data is

analyzed through T-test.

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