Exercise 8-1: After each word write a number showing how many morphemes it contains.

1. Play: 1
2. Replay 2
3. Date 1
4. Antedate 2
5. Hygiene 1
6. Weak 1
7. Weaken 2
8. Man 1
9. Manly 2
10. Keep 1
11. Keeper 2
12. Able 1
13. Unable 2
14. Miniskirt 2
15. Rain 1
16. Rainy 2
17. Cheap 1
18. Cheaply 2
19. Cheaper 2
20. Cover 1

Exercise 8 - 2: Write the meaning of the italicized morphemes:

1. Antedate before
2. Replay: again
3. Manly: like
4. Keeper: one who
5. Unable: not
6. Rainy: marked by
7. Cheapest: most
8. Inactive: not
9. Impossible: not
10. Malfunction (noun): wrong/bad

Exercise 8 - 3: Underline the bound morphemes. It is possible for a word to consist entirely of
bound morphemes
1. Speaker
2. Kingdom
3. Petrodollar
4. Idol ize
5. Selective
6. Biomass
7. Intervene
8. Remake
9. dreamed
10. Undo

Exercise 8 - 4: Underline the bases in these words:

1. Womanly
2. Endear
3. Failure
4. Famous
5. Infamous
6. Lighten
7. Enlighten
8. Friendship
9. Befriend
10. Bostonian
11. Unlikely
12. Prewar
13. Subway
14. Falsify
15. Unenlivened

Exercise 8-5: Write the meaning of italicized bound bases.

1. Audience, audible, audition, auditory_________________ hear
2. Suicide, patricide, matricide, infanticide______________ kill
3. Oral, oration, oracle, oratory______________________ mouth, speak
4. Aquaplane, aquatic, aquarium, aquamaut____________ water
5. photography, xerography, biography, calligraphy_______ writing
6. Corps, c orpse, corporation, corporeal_______________ body
7. Tenable, tenant, tenure, tenacious___________________ hold
8. Pendulum, pendant, suspenders, impending__________ hang
9. Manual, manicure, manuscript______________________ hand
10. Eject, in ject, pro ject, re ject________________________ throw

Exercise 8 -6: Look up in your desk dictionary the meanings of the bound bases italicized in the
words below. Write the meanings of these bound bases in the first column. In the second column
write another English word that contains the same base.
1. Geo graphy Earth writing Geology
photography
2. Bio logy Life study Biochemistry
mythology
3. biblio phile Book lover Bibliography
francophile
4. Intervene Come Convene
5. Comprehend Seize Apprehend
6. Recur Run Current
7. Inspect Look Spectacles
8. Oppose Place, put Depose
9. Inspire Breath Respire
10. Rodent Gnaw Erode
11. Portable carry Report
12. Rupture Break Erupt
13. Annual Year Annuity
14. Carnal Flesh Carnage
15. Bigamy Marriage polygamy

Exercise 8 - 9: In the following goups of words, underline each infix. In the case of verbs, the stem is
the form into which the infix is inserted.
1. feet
2. Mice
3. Grew, grown
4. Spun, spun
5. Shook, shaken
6. Rang, rung
7. Tore, torn
8. Rode, ridden
9. Found, found

Exercise 8 - 8: Look up in your desk dictionary each italicized prefix. From the meanings given for
the prefix, choose the one that fits the word and write it in the first column. In the second column
write another word containing the same prefix with the same meaning. Numbers 3, 7, 8 and 11
contain variants of a prefixal morpheme.
1. Antifreeze Against antimissile
2. Circumvent Around circumference
3. Copilot With cocurricular
Collapse collide
Compact Comply
Convene convoke
Corrode correlate
4. Contradict Against contravene
5. Devitalize Do the opposite of deactivate
6. Disagreeabe Not dishonest
7. Insecure Not incompetent
Imperfect impossible
Illegible illegal
Irreverent irreplaceable
8. Inspire In, on inscribe
Imbibe Impale
9. Intervene Between intercede
10. Intramural Within intravenous
11. Obstruct Against, opposite obstacle
Oppose oppress
12. Prewar Before preconceive
13. Postwar After postmortem
14. Proceed Forward progress
15. Retroactive Backward retrogress
16. Semiprofessional Half semisoft
17. Subway Under substandard
18. Superabundant Over superhuman
19. Unlikely Not unattractive
20. Undress Do the opposite of unfold

Exercise 8 -10: In these words the base is italicized. After each word write the number of suffixes it
contains.
1. Organists 2 5. Friendliest 2 9. Countified 2
2. Personalities 3 6. Contradictorily 3 10. Responsibilities 3
3. Flirtatiously 2 7. Trusteeship 2
4. Atomizers 3 8. Greasier 2

Exercise 8 - 11: Each group contains a base and suffixes. Make each into a word. In each case see if
more than one order of suffixes is possible.
1. -ed, live, -en: Livened
2. -ing, -ate, termin: Terminating
3. -er, -s, mor, -al, -ize: Moralizes
4. Provinc, -s, -ism, -ial: Provincialisms
5. -ly, -some, grue: gruesomely
6. -ity, work, -able: workability
7. In, -most, -er: Innermost
8. Marry, -age, -ity, -abil: Marriageability
9. -dom, -ster, gang: Gangsterdom
10. -ly, -ion, -ate, affect: affectionately

Exercise 8 - 12: Write the morphemic symbol and name for each inflectional affix in boldface type.
The term affix here includes both suffixes, like dreamed, and infixes, like swum, rode, rang.
1. The flagpole stood in front of Main Hall --> past simple
2. Four pledges were initiated--> noun plural
3. Shirley pledges to do her best -->present third person singular
4. The pledge’s shirt was torn--> noun possessive singular
5. The pledges’ shirts were torn--> noun possessive plural
6. We were discussing the editorial -->present participle
7. The novel was shorter than I had expected--> Comparative
8. Thy waited at the dock--> past simple
9. Which is the longest route?--> Superlative
10. Have you taken calculus yet?--> Past participle
11. Chris played well in the second set.--> Past simple
12. The dealer weighed the poultry--> past simple
13. Would you mind repeating the question?--> Present participle
14. The sheets were soon ironed--> noun plural
15. He never locks the door--> Present third person singular

Exercise 8 - 13: the left hand contains ten words. The right hand column contains thirteen
derivational suffixes used to make nouns and having the general meaning of “state, condition,
quality, or act of”. By combining these suffixes with the words listed, make as many nouns as you
can.
1. Happiness 6. Activation, activity, activeness
2. Friendship 7. Supremacy, supremeness
3. Girlhood 8. Truth, trueness
4. Composure 9. Paganism
5. Shrinkage 10. Discovery

Exercise 8 - 14: indicate its part of speech classification by N (noun), V (verb), Aj (adjective), or Av
(adverb)
1. Break V breakage N
2. Desire V N desirable Aj
3. Conspire V conspiracy N
4. Rehearse V rehearsal Aj
5. Ideal N Aj idealize V
6. False aj falsify V
7. Sweet Aj N sweetly Av
8. Doubt V N doubtful Aj
9. Mouth N V mouthful N
10. Sing N V singer N
11. Familiarize V familiarization N
12. Passion N passionate A
13. Host N V hostess N
14. Gloom V N gloomy Aj
15. Martyr V N martyrdom N
16. Novel N Aj novelist N
17. Day N daily Av N
18. prohibitory Aj Prohibit V
19. Excel V excellent Aj
20. Create V creative Aj
21. Vision N visionary N Aj
22. Cube N V Cubic Aj
23. Ripe Aj ripen V
24. Real Aj realism N
25. Accept V acceptance N

Exercise 8-15: Add a derivational suffix to each of these words, which already end in a derovational
suffix
1. Reasonable reasonableness 4. Purify purification
2. Formal formality 5. Purist puristic
3. Organize organization
Exercise 8 -16: Add an inflectional suffix, to each of these words, which end in derivational suffixes.
In the third column put any words you can think of that are formed by a suffix following the
inflectional suffix you added in the second column
1. Kindness Kindnesses
2. Beautify Beautified
3. Quarterly quarterlies
4. Popularize Popularized
5. Depth Depths
6. Pressure Pressures
7. Arrival Arrivals
8. Orientate Orientated
9. Friendly friendlier
10. Funny funniest

Exercise 8 - 17: you are given here 5 bases, or words with their bases italicized. Give all the words
in the derivational paradigm of each. Do not include words with two bases, like manhunt or
manpower.
1. Sin : sinful,sinfulness, sinless, sinlessness, sinner
2. Kind: kindless, kindly, kindliness, kindness. Unkind, unkindly, unkindliness, unkindness
3. Live /laiv/: lively, liveliness, alive, aliveness, livelihood, liven, enliven, unenliven, unlively, unliveness
4. Transport: transportable, transportablility, transporter, transportation, transportational
5. Audible:audibility, auditory, auditive, audile, audio, audit, auditor, auditorium, audience, audition,
audiophile

Exercise 8 -18: Identify the italicized -er as

1. {-ER cp} inflectional suffix, as in bigger
2. {-ER n} derivational suffix, as in singer
3. {-ER rp} derivational suffix, as in flutter

1. This is a heavier tennis racket than I want

--> {-ER cp}
2. We watched the shimmer of the evening light….
--> {-ER rp}
3. The fighter weighed in at 180 pounds
--> {-ER n}
4. He was tougher than he looked
--> {-ER cp}
5. The jabber of voices came through….
--> {-ER rp}

Exercise 8 - 19: Identify the -ing’s of the italicized words by these symbols
V-al=verbal {-ING vb}
N-al= nominal {-ING nm}
Aj-al= adjectival {-ING aj}

1. It was a charming spot --> Aj-al

2. Jim lost both fillings --> N-al
3. It was located by a sweetly babbling brook -->V-al
4. It was exciting to watch the flight --> Aj-al
5. Old sayings are often… --> N-al
6. From the bridge we watched the running water V-al
7. That barking dog keeps ….. --> V-al
8. He told a convincing tale--> Aj-al
9. The shining sun glided the forest floor--> V-al
10. Matisse’s drawings are magnificently simple--> N-al
11. A refreshing shower poured down--> Aj-al
12. The attorney made a moving appeal--> Aj-al
13. A moving elephant is a picture of grace--> V-al
14. What an obliging fellow he is --> Aj-al
15. That was a touching scene --> Aj-al

Exercise 8 -20: Identify the suffixes of italicized words with these symbols: V-al, Aj-al
1. You should read the printed statement--> V-al
2. Merle was a neglected child: Aj-al
3. This is a complicated question: Aj-al
4. His chosen bride had lived in India: V-al
5. He bought a stolen picture: V-al
6. The invited guests all came: V-al
7. We had a reserved seat: V-al
8. The skipper was a reserved (=quiet) man: Aj-al
9. A celebrated painter visited the campus Aj-al
10. A worried look crossed his face Aj-al

Exercise 8 -21: Ambiguity occurs when the -ed suffix can be interpreted as either {-D pp} or {-D aj}.
This exercise will illustrate. For each sentence below write two meanings
1. It was a finished job
a) It was a completed job
b) It was an perfected job
2. Our new surgeon is reserved
a) Our new surgeon is quiet, reticent
b) Our new surgeon is kept in reserve, set aside to practice his specialty

Exercise 8 -22: Identify the italicized -ly as either (1) {-LY av} adverbial derivational suffix, as in
glumly; or (2) {-LY aj} adjectival derivational suffix, as in fatherly
1. The witness testified falsely: 1
2. Grace has a deadly wit: 2
3. Janet always behave with a maidenly demeanor 2
4. He tiptoes softly into the room 1
5. Jimmy receives a weekly allowance 2
6. The dear old lady has heavenly disposition 2
7. She spoke quietly to her grandson 1
8. What a timely suggestion 2
9. What a mannerly child 2
10. It was a cowardly act 2

Exercise 8 -23: This is an exercise reviewing the inflectional and derivational suffixes. Label the
italicized suffixes as DS (derivational suffix), IS (inflectional suffix), or Amb (ambigious)
1. Princes IS
2. Princess DS
3. Findings DS
4. Friendlier IS
5. Shows IS
6. Weaver DS
7. Leaner Amb
8. Satirize DS
9. Sputter DS
10. Brighten DS
11. Quickly DS
12. Rectify DS
13. Brotherly DS
14. Respectable DS
15. Younger IS
16. Hearing Amb
17. Drier Amb
18. Grievance DS
19. Droppings DS
20. Sunny DS