2019 Women Institute of Technology Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WITCON ECE)

SIW Based Self-Diplexing Dumbbell Slot Antenna for X-

Band Application
Padmini Nigam Arjuna Muduli Sandeep Sharma Amrindra Pal
PhD Scholar Associate Professor Research Fellow Assistant Professor
EECE Dept. ECE, Dept. CREST, EE Dept., EECE, Dept.
DIT University, K L education foundation, Chang Gung University, DIT University,
Dehradun Andhra Pradesh Tiawan Dehradun
nigam242@gmail.com arjunamuduli@gmail.com tek.learn@gmail.com amrindra.ieee@gmail.com

By using above these techniques; the design complexity,

Abstract— A design of substrate integrated waveguide
fabrication cost and size of the overall system increases. This is
(SIW) based self-diplexing dumbbell-shaped slot antenna
the main drawback for wireless communication systems.
is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna
So, a new and excellent technique is reported in this paper as a
comprises of two micro-strip feed lines of impedance 50Ω
planar SIW based self-diplexing antenna with high isolation
and two parallel dumbbell-shaped slots. These transverse
level. By using this emerging methodology; the size of the
parallel slots are of different lengths, etched on the patch
system is miniaturized and frequency tunability is also
(top surface) of the SIW cavity; produce two resonant
obtained at both resonant frequencies (8.12GHz &
frequencies at 8.12GHz & 10.15GHz. The proposed self-
10.15GHz). The analysis of the proposed antenna is described
diplexing antenna is based on the function of operating
in an organized way as follow. The proposed self- diplexing
mode and perturbation of the higher order modes
antenna configuration and analysis is explained in section 2nd.
methodology. The better intrinsic isolation of 26.5dB is
The section 3rd is described results and discussion and finally
obtained between two input ports, which define the unique
the conclusion is drawn in section 4 th.
property of the self-diplexing antenna and reduce the
space and size of overall wireless transceiver modules. The II. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION & ANALYSIS
proposed antenna produces the unidirectional radiation
The geometrical layout of the proposed self-diplexing
pattern, high front to back ratio (>17 dB) and gain of
dumbbell-shaped slot antenna is shown in Fig. 1 with the
4.7dBi & 5.2dBi at two resonant frequencies of 8.12GHz &
dimension of Ls*Ws. The antenna based on SIW cavity
10.15GHz for the X- Band application as satellite and
principle and having the four rows of conducting vias; these
wireless communication systems.
work as a perfect boundary wall of the antenna structure.
These conducting vias are also used to provide proper
Keywords- Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), Self-
diplexing antenna, dumbbell- shaped slot, Isolation. conductivity between the bottom (ground) plane and top
(patch) plane with sandwiched substrate layer in the middle of
it. The pitch and diameter of the metallic vias are selected very
I. INTRODUCTION carefully as , in such a way to keep the minimal
In this modern era, technology and communication become a radiation losses and leakage of energy [14, 15].
more essential part of everyone’s day to day life. In the field
of wireless communication plays the most critical role with the
advancement in several parameters like high stability, better
performances, low profile, and minimum cost [1-2].
Moreover, in case of RF and satellite transceiver systems
require higher-order diplexer or triplexer to separate out the
signals from uplink and downlink frequency band. However,
in the satellite and RF communication system has the higher-
order diplexer or triplexer to reduce the mutual coupling and
provides the high isolation levels between input ports of the
antenna [3-4]. By this, the overall size of the transceiver
system became larger and highly weighted also. Now the new
concept of self-diplexing [5-7] and self-triplexing [8, 9] kind
of antenna becomes more popular and interesting area among
RF researchers. In which the extra need of higher-order
diplexer and triplexer can be easily terminated in such a way
RF and satellite transceiver system becomes more compact,
light-weighted and inexpensive.
Fig. 1- The geometrical layout of proposed antenna
Generally, the diplexers and triplexers are working as the
frequency selective device or as a filter [10]. These are mostly
depends on several techniques like defected ground structure
[11], electromagnetic band gap based multilayered substrate or (all in mm.)]
patch [12] and meander lines [13] also.

ISBN: 978-1-7281-5204-2/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 231

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 2019 Women Institute of Technology Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WITCON ECE)

The proposed self-diplexing antenna is fed by two micro-

strip feed lines of 50Ω from the opposite side of the SIW The perturbation of mode technique is used to obtain the higher
cavity. The two parallel dumbbell-shaped slots are of isolation between the input ports. Due to the maximum reactive
different lengths as & and have same width ; loading effect of the slot -1, the perturbation of TE130 mode is
orthogonal to the respective ports to get better impedance done. By this the perturbed higher mode TE130 gets shift to
matching and minimum interference of signals. The set of lower resonating frequency FL = 8.12GHz. This is also
equations related to SIW technique based proposed antenna explained by electric field distribution around slot-1 shown in
is explained below [14, 15]. Fig. 4(a). As the slot-1 is much longer than slot-2, due to this
the maximum reduction in resonant frequency (14.2 –
or, 8.12GHz) is found shown in Fig. 5. Identically, due to the
loading effect of the slot-2 the perturbation of higher mode
= w -1.08 * TE120 at 12.8GHz is transferred to higher resonating mode at
FH = 10.15GHz as shown in Fig. 5. The electric field
distribution around the vicinity of slot-2 is described in Fig. 4
(b). So, the proposed antenna has shifted dominating mode at
6.9GHz and 7.1GHz and also the two resonating mode as F L
F110 = and FH with the better isolation of 24dB.

Where, Weff = Effective width of waveguide, d = diameter of

vias, s = pitch or longitudinal spacing, as shown in Fig.1.

A. Working principle-
The whole working phenomenon of the proposed antenna is
based on surface current distribution and |Z|-parameters
analysis. Firstly, the size of the SIW cavity is chosen very
carefully to maintain the TE110 mode as the dominant mode
of the cavity without any slot with in X- band. The proposed
self-diplexing antenna is consisting of two dumbbell-shaped
slots and micro-strip feed lines of 50Ω. These slots are of
different lengths; produce two distinct resonating modes
accordingly to the active port. When the port-1 is ON, the
longer dumbbell-shaped slot as slot-1 produces the lower
resonating frequency i.e. FL= 8.12GHz. The antenna radiates Fig. 3- |Z|-parameters of the SIW cavity.
through slot-2 as small dumbbell-shaped slot and produces
higher resonant frequency i.e. FH = 10.12GHz when port-2 is
excited.
When the slot-1 is etched on the top surface of the SIW cavity,
the surface current is fully dominated around the bottom half
of the antenna near to the vicinity of slot-1 as shown in Fig.
2(a). However, at the same time, the surface current is
negligible in the upper half of the cavity. So, it is obvious that
only the slot-1 is the leading aspect for lower resonant
frequency and the slot-2 is neglected. The radiation
phenomenon of slot-2 at the upper half region of the cavity in
explained by the same approach and attained the higher
resonant frequency as FH. When the port is ON, slot-2 gets
radiated while slot-1 has the zero radiating effect on it as (a) (b)
shown in Fig. 2 (b). Fig. 4 – The electric field distribution at (a) slot-1 (b) slot-2

(a) (b)
Fig. 2- The surface current distribution at (a) slot-1 (b) slot-2

The analysis of dominant mode and higher-order mode is

defined by the help of and Z-parameters and electric field
distribution with in cavity. The SIW cavity produces dominant Fig. 5 – |Z|-parameters of proposed antenna
mode at 8.1GHz and the other higher-order mode as TE120
mode at 12.8GHz and TE130 mode at 14.2GHz shown in Fig.
3. 232
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 2019 Women Institute of Technology Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WITCON ECE)

III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION fabricate and simple to integrate with other RF systems with
its easy feeding technique and planar circuitry. Due to this
The proposed SIW based self-diplexing antenna is simulated self-diplexing property the use of higher-order diplexer in RF
on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate ( modules can be easily eliminated. This proposed antenna
provided uni-directional radiation pattern for X-band RF
) with thickness of 1.57mm. The transceiver module. The proposed self-diplexing antenna is
simulated structure obtained at lower frequency 8.12GHz and simulated on Ansys HFSS. The excellent simulated results are
higher frequency 10.15GHz respectively having reflection obtained. The comparison of proposed work with other self-
coefficient (|S11| and |S22| ≤ - 10dB). The simulated isolation diplexing antenna is defined in table 1.
(|S21|) between two ports at first and second frequencies is
36dB and 25.5dB respectively as displayed in Fig. 6. The uni- Table 1. Comparison of proposed work with others
directional radiation pattern of proposed antenna is shown in
Fig. 7 with minimum cross polarization of -30dB at both Features This work [16] [5] [17]
resonating frequencies. The gain of proposed antenna is 4.8 FL 8.12 2.45 9.0 3.9–4.37
and 5.2dBi respectively i.e. low value due to small aperture Frequency
FH 10.15 5.2 11.2 4.63–5.34
area of the proposed self-diplexing antenna cavity.
Frequency ratio 1.25 2.24 1.24 1.05-1.37
Thickness (h) 1.57 1.75 0.787 1.96
Relative 2.2 4.4 2.2 2.55
permittivity (εr)
Isolation FL 36 26 25 22-32
(dB) FH 25.5
Gain FL 4.8 1.3 4.3 3.82
(dBi) FH 5.12 4.4 4.4 4.48
Front to FL 17 0 21 18
back FH 19.5 0 19 15
ratio
(dB)
Radiation Uni- Bi- Uni- Uni-
pattern directional directional directional directional
Model Dumbbell Double Bow-tie Two U-
(Structure) shaped “T” shaped shaped

V. ACKNOWLEDMENT
The author wishes to thanks the management of university for
Fig. 6- |S|- parameters of proposed antenna
providing the software for carrying out the simulation work.
The authors would like to extend their thanks to the colleagues
for their continuous support and motivation for carrying out
this work. The authors are also thankful to the faculty
members of DIT, university for providing time to time review
for the improvement of the paper.

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