Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BIO-MOLECULES
DNA
Nucleic Acids
Informational RNA
carry, transfer, express
Proteins
Bio-Polymers genetic information
Nucleoside
Nitrogenous bases A C G U A C G T
Phosphate group(s) 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3
3
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
Phospho-Di-Ester bond
• Normally single-stranded
5
Denaturation & Renaturation of DNA
Denaturation
Chromosomal
Types:
Non-Chromosomal: include:
A Nucleosome A Chromosome
10
Transposons
Transposon
Transposition
Transposons in Bacteria
• Some transposons in bacteria carry antibiotic resistance gene(s).
• If a transposon is incorporated in a plasmid, it can move to another cell.
• This causes a rapid spreading of antibiotic resistance. 11
Organelle genetic elements
¾ Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main energy converters in the cell
¾ Most Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from egg cells rather than sperm
12
Keywords:
1. ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) 17. Nucleosome
2. Chromatid 18. Nucleotide
3. Chromatin 19. Phosphodiester bond
4. Chromosome 20. Plasmid
5. Denaturation 21. Polymer
6. Deoxyribonucleoside 22. Protein
7. Deoxyribonucleotide 23. Purines
8. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) 24. Pyrimidines
9. Genetic element 25. Ribonucleoside
10. Histone 26. Ribonucleotide
11. Informational macromolecules 27. Ribosomal RNA
12. Messenger RNA 28. RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
13. Monomer 29. Transfer RNA
14. Nitrogenous base 30. Transposition
15. Nucleic acid 31. Transposon
16. Nucleoside 32. Episome
13