Catabolism (Greek kata = downward +

ballein = to throw) is the set of pathways that

break down molecules into smaller units and
release energy.

Cellular respiration, also known as 'oxidative

metabolism', is one of the key ways a cell gains useful
energy. It is the set of the metabolic reactions and
processes that take place in organisms' cells to
convert biochemical energy from nutrients into
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste
products

Energy from light

The energy in sunlight is
captured by plants,
cyanobacteria, purple
bacteria, green sulfur bacteria
and some protists. This
process is often coupled to the conversion of carbon dioxide into
organic compounds, as part of photosynthesis

Digestion

Macromolecules such as
starch, cellulose or
proteins cannot be
rapidly taken up by cells
and need to be broken
into their smaller units

Anabolism is
constructive
metabolism.
Typically, in
anabolism, small
precursor molecules
are assembled into
larger organic
molecules. This
always requires the
input of energy
(often as ATP).
Asexual reproduction in liverworts: a caducuous phylloid
germinating

Production of new
individuals along a
leaf margin of the air
plant, Kalanchoe
pinnata. The small
plant in front is
about 1 cm tall. The
concept of
"individual" is
obviously stretched
by this asexual
reproductive process.
Pregnant woman
A hibiscus flower,
showing anthers, five
stigmas, and pollen.
large, familiar form
that consists of roots,
shoots, leaves, and
reproductive structures
(flowers and fruit) is
diploid and is called
the sporophyte. The
sporophyte produces
haploid microscopic
gametophytes that are
dependent on tissues
produced by the flower. The reproductive cycle of a flowering
plant is the regular, usually seasonal, cycling back and forth
from sporophyte to gametophyte.

Sponges exhibit a form of asexual

reproduction that relies on the
production of gemmules or
internal buds. In this form of
asexual reproduction, a parent
releases a specialized mass of cells
that can develop into offspring.
 Getting a drink when thirsty
a rabbit
gets
scared so
it runs
away

it starts to rain so you put

out an umbrella

a man puts a jacket on because he feels cold

when an animal gets hungry he

gets some food
 Genetic change

Genetic change is what occurs in

a population when natural
selection acts on the genetic
variability of the population. By
this means, the population
adapts genetically to its
circumstances. Genetic changes
may result in visible structures,
or may adjust physiological activity in a way that suits the
changed habitat

if a person is in a new
habitat he/she needs to
adapt to its culture and
many things on that
country
plant growing up
Human Development
Cell growth