CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ BIOLOGY: WORKBOOK

Workbook answers
Chapter 1
Exercise 1.1 3 Points that learners may make include:
Birds are living things because they are able
1 Term Description
to carry out all seven characteristics: they can
making more of move of their own accord; they can reproduce;
nutrition the same kind of they respire; they are sensitive to changes in
organism their environment; they grow; they excrete;
removing waste they take in nutrients.
respiration products of Aeroplanes are able to move, and they also
metabolism take in ‘nutrients’, in the form of fuel. They
a permanent combine oxygen with fuel to provide energy
growth increase in size and for their movement, which is similar to
dry mass respiration, and this reaction produces waste
taking in materials products removed in the exhaust, which is
excretion for energy, growth similar to excretion. They have sensors that
and development can detect and respond to changes in their
environment – for example, they may have
chemical reactions
lights that come on automatically when light
that release energy
reproduction intensity in their surroundings falls below a
from nutrient
particular level. However, aeroplanes do not
molecules
grow, and they are not able to reproduce.
Because aeroplanes are not able to carry out
all seven characteristics, they are not alive.

2 Growth – the plant makes new

Excretion – the plant makes oxygen
cells so it increases in size.
as a waste product of phosynthesis,
and loses it from its leaves.

Reproduction – gametes Sensitivity – the plant senses the

are made in the flower, which direction from which light comes, and
fuse together to produce a the stem and leaves grow towards it.
zygote; this is sexual
reproduction. (Note: If
students have not previously
studied reproduction, accept
an answer that refers simply to
reproduction as making more
of the same species.)

1 Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology – Jones © Cambridge University Press 2021

 CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ BIOLOGY: WORKBOOK
Chapter 1 continued
Exercise 1.2
4 An organism is a living thing. A species is a
group of living organisms that can reproduce
with each other to produce fertile offspring.
Each species of organism has a two-word
name. This system of naming is called the
binomial system. The first of the two words
in the name tells us the genus that the species
belongs to.
5 a They both belong to the same genus,
Panthera.
b They have different binomials, Panthera
tigris and Panthera leo. They cannot
interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
6 The two-word name provides information
about the genus and species that the organism
belongs to, so scientists can tell whether two
species are related or not. The name is used by
scientists all over the world, no matter what
language they speak, so all scientists can be
sure they are referring to the same species.
Exercise 1.3
7 Note that students cannot write in italic, so
should underline the binomials instead.
A (given) 1b, 2a, 3a – Crocodylus niloticus
B 1a – Geochelone elephantopus
C 1b, 2b – Ophiophagus hannah
D 1b, 2a, 3b – Chamaeleo gracilis
Exercise 1.4 and Exercise 1.5
8 and 9 Look for these features in the keys:
• It is made up of pairs of contrasting
statements.
• The statements are stand-alone and
can be selected by looking at only the
organism being identified; they do
not require comparison with another
organism.
• The key has no more than four pairs of
statements.
• The key works.
2 Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology – Jones © Cambridge University Press 2021
Exercise 1.6
10 Learners may suggest these points:
• It is larger.
• Label lines are straight.
• Label lines always touch the part they
are labelling.
• There is no shading.
• The lines are continuous, not broken
which means they are clearer.
11 a Look for the features listed above,
for question 10.
b It has cells that do not have cell walls.
It has cells that do not have chloroplasts.
Some learners may also mention that it
has cells that do not have large vacuoles
containing cell sap. It is able to move its
body from place to place.
12 a Look for the features listed above,
for question 10 (but note that no labels
are required here).
b Fungi have cells with cell walls not made
of cellulose. They do not have chlorophyll,
and do not feed by photosynthesis.
They are made of hyphae. They feed
by digesting waste organic material and
absorbing it.
Exercise 1.7
13 A – amphibian; B – mammal; C – bird;
D – fish; E – mammal
14 Any two features of mammals, such as: they
have mammary glands; the young develop in
a uterus, attached by a placenta; they have
different types of teeth; they have a pinna;
they have sweat glands; they have
a diaphragm.
15 Reptile
 CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ BIOLOGY: WORKBOOK

Chapter 1 continued
Exercise 1.8
16 They have several pairs of jointed legs; they
have an exoskeleton.
17
Group Number Number Other
of pairs of pairs of distinguishing
of legs antennae features, if any
arachnids 4 0 body
divided into
cephalothorax
and abdomen
insects 3 1 body divided
into head,
thorax and
abdomen;
usually have
wings, breathe
through tubes
called tracheae
myriapods many 1 body made up
(more of many similar
than 4) segments
crustaceans more 2
than 4

Exercise 1.9
18 They have cells with walls made of cellulose;
their cells contain chlorophyll; they feed
by photosynthesis.
19 Ferns do not produce flowers. They reproduce
by producing spores on the underside of
their fronds.
20 For example:
Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
seeds have one seeds have two
cotyledon cotyledons
roots grow directly usually have a main
from the stem root that branches
leaves have parallel leaves have a
veins network of veins
flower parts in flower parts in
multiples of three multiples of four or
five
vascular bundles vascular bundles in
in stem arranged stem arranged in a
randomly ring

3 Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology – Jones © Cambridge University Press 2021