LESSON 7.

PLANTS REPRODUCTION

Group 4
Avenido, Lj
Calusayan, Jhoana
Gulajer, Danica
Quina, Quennie Joy
Reyes, Haya Marie
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
FLOWERING PLANTS
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction
that produces identical offspring from a single
parent plant. Because the offspring are clones of
their parents, asexual reproduction eliminates
genetic recombination. Asexual reproduction is
advantageous to plants when they are adapted to a
particular environment and the genetic variation
among plants members is not necessary. Plants can
reproduce asexually in a variety of means or
strategics.
 which genetic
Reproduction involv DNA carries information
es genetically
which can be modified
Is classified
modified to organisms
into
form (GMOs)
asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
• does not involves the fusion of • involves fusion of two sex cells to
sex cells form a zygote
• requires only one parent • usually requires two parents
• Offsprings known as clones are • Offsprings show variations and are not
genetically identical to parents the exact copy of the parents

plants/flow
plants animals animals
ers
undergo undergo undergo undergo
asexual asexual asexual asexual
reproduction
natural reproduction reproduction reproduction
gametogene
by bybudding pollination
by by
vegetative sis
reproduction fertilizatio
fission mating
n
artificial fragmentat seed
dispersal fertilizatio
propagation ion
parthenogen germinatio n
esis n
NATURAL VEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION

 Part of the plant becomes separated from the

parent plant and divides by mitosis to grow into
a new plant
 As a result the offspring are genetically identical
to the parent
 The structures of plants that reproduce
vegetatively come mostly from modified stem,
such as runners, tubers, corms, and rhizomes.
Artificial Propagation Methods

Asexual method of plant reproduction is

also practiced with little help from
humans. This practice is known as
Artificial Plant Propagation. Artificial
Propagation is often faster than growing
plants from seeds.
 GRAFTING
Grafting
 Woody plans are reproduced by means of
grafting, which simply involves attaching
stem from one plant to a root or root-
bearing stem of another plant. This result
to a combination of root-bearing host
known as the stock and the grafted part
known as scion.
 TISSUE CULTURE
Tissue Culture
 Tissue culture, the growth of plant tissues in
a artificial liquid or solid culture media,
provides an alternative means to grow new
plants in mass numbers. The cloning of
plants through this process is due to their
ability to grow from single cells. Certain
hormones are added into a medium, causing
tissue cells to grow into small masses of cell
which can grow into new identical plant or
plantlets.
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

 Flower are the angiosperm reproductive

structures that contain the sexual oxygen
reproduction. They are seen as seasonal
structures; they are not permanent of the adult
Four Major Parts of an Angiosperm
At the bottom of the flower are the sepals, which are
usually green. They wrap the flower before it opens. Above
the sepals are the petals, which are usually very colorful in
an attempt to attract insects and other pollinators. The
actual reproductive structures are multiple stamens and one
or more carpels. Each stamen consists of a stalk-
the filament, and a sac at the top, called the anther. That's
where the pollen grains develop.
The carpel or pistil consists of a stalk- the style- with an
ovary at the base and a sticky tip known as
the stigma, which traps pollen. The  ovary is a protective
chamber, containing one or more ovules, where the eggs
develop. 
\
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STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

Pollen and Egg Formation

 By cutting the anther in half, the four pollen
sacs containing microspores that will undergo
meiosis to form four haploid
 Meiotic divisions will form pollen grains from a
generative cell and a tube cell nucleus
 The responsible for the formation of pollen tube
are tube cell nucleus while generative cell divide
to form two sperm cells.
 Egg cell are formed in the ovule of the
flower which is contained within the
ovary found at the base of the carpel
 Each ovule, a megaspore mother cell
will undergo meiotic division to produce
four haploid megaspores
 Only one of the megaspores will develop
out of repeated mitotic divisions to
produce eight haploid nuclei which will
be encased within embryo sac
Pollination

 This is the transferring pollen grains from the

stamen to the stigma
 A pollen grains carries the male reproductive
genes
 When pollen is carried to the stigma of the
same plant, the process is called self-
pollination
 When pollen is carried to the stigma of
another plant, it is called cross-pollination
Fertilization
 Once a functional pollen land on a stigma; it
sticks to the gluey, sugary substance and a pollen
tube forms and grow into stigma down the style
to the ovary. The pollen tube burst to release two
sperm cell which migrate to the pollen tube.
Once a sperm cell was fertilize the egg cell,
forming a zygote. The other sperm cell fertilize
with the nuclei at the center of the embryo which
produce triploid primary endosperm nucleus.
The phenomenon whereby two sperm cell are
used is called double fertilization.
Seed Dispersal and Germination
 Plants employ several mechanisms to
disperse themselves and separate the
parents from the offspring . Many fruit
disperse their seeds over distances to
increase their probability of survival.
 A seed is a reproductive structure in
which a plant embryo and a food source
are contained with a seed coat (testa).
 In order to prevent overcrowding and
competition fro basic need, seed are
sometimes carried away from the parent
plant through by wind, water, animal, or
explosion.
 When a seed land on the ground, it
breaks through its seed coat and forms
new plants under favorable conditions.
The process in which a new plant grows
from a seed is called germination.
 A seed may germinate if it has enough
water needed for metabolism and oxygen
needed of respiration. Warmth is also
required to activate plant enzymes
necessary for respiration.
 The plant embryo, the youngest stage of
the plant growth, consists of a root
portion, a stem portion, and one or more
cotyledons (the first leaves).
Quiz
1.