Note: text box appearance may vary with different Windows and Excel versions.

SI Units
temperature: °C Please read cell comments
amount: g-mol
mass: g
energy: J An Adiabatic Flame Temperature Calculator for Exc
Combustion of Natural

Please read Calculations based on combustion of 1 gram

this document.
Fuel
Burner Flame:
CO2, H
Oxidant

Enter/Edit values in blue-bordered cells only! Heat loss, J

Like these

Natural Gas/Fuel Properties Oxidant Properties

Species mol % % O2 in Oxidant
Methane CH4 96.40% Upper limit on % excess oxidant
Ethene C2H4 0.15% Oxidant temperature, °C
Ethane C2H6 0.30% Stoichiometric amount of oxidant
Propane C3H8 0.25%
Butanes & higher C4H10 + 0.10% Fuel temperature, °C
Hydrogen H2 0.20% Element Balance of Fuel
Carbon monoxide CO 0.15% Element moles mass
Carbon dioxide CO2 0.20% C 0.988 11.866
Water vapor H2O 0.00% H 3.914 3.945
Nitrogen (by diff.) N2 2.25% O 0.006 0.088
N 0.045 0.630
Graphite C 0.0% Sum 4.953 16.529

Thermodynamic Data
Table I. Molar DH °form at 25 °C Table II. Molar DH °reax at 25 °C
J/g-mol Reaction to form H 2 O(g)
CH4 -74,810 2O2 + CH4 → CO2 + 2H2O(g)
C2H4 52,467 3O2 + C2H4 → 2CO2 + 2H2O(g)
C2H6 -84,684 3½O2 + C2H6 → 2CO2 + 3H2O(g)
NG reactant species C3H8 -1,03,847 5O2 + C3H8 → 3CO2 + 4H2O(g)
C4H10 -1,26,148 6½O2 + C4H10 → 4CO2 + 5H2O(g)
H2 0 ½O2 + H2 → H2O(g)
CO -1,10,529 ½O2 + CO → CO2
 Combustion CO2 -3,93,509 C + O2 → CO2
products H2O(g) -2,41,814
H2O(liq) -2,85,830 H2O(g) → H2O( liq)

Table III. Heat Content Above 25 °C, J/g-mol

T, °C O2, (g) N2, (g) H2O, (g) CO2, (g)
1000 32371 30595 37719 48624
1100 35977 34009 42222 54347
1200 39614 37460 46831 60136 1,10,000
1300 43278 40944 51541 65982 H, CO2 = 2.006E
1400 46967 44457 56347 71877 1,00,000 H, H2O = 4.204E
1500 50680 47998 61243 77817
1600 54416 51563 66223 83795 90,000 H, O2 = 1.173E
1700 58174 55150 71282 89808

heat content, J/mol

H, N2 = 1.229E
1800 61954 58756 76414 95851 80,000
2000 69576 66017 86872 108015
70,000
Data from FREED database program.
Excel's Trendline tool used to fit data to quadratic equation. 60,000
Chart equations valid between 900° - 2100 °C.
50,000

40,000
Process Design & Simulation
30,000
Link
1000
https://plus.google.com/+ChemicalEngineeringAspenTech/posts
 AFT-Calc is a Thermart
Software program. © 2013
by Arthur E. Morris.
ture Calculator for Excess Air www.thermart.net
of Natural Gas

1 gram-mole of fuel
AFT vs. % Excess Oxidant
2200
Flame: 2100
CO2, H2O, O2, N2
2000
1900
AFT, deg. C

0 1800
1700
1600 y = 454x2 - 1284x + 2042
Oxidant Properties 1500
21%
1400
100%
25 1300
9.351 1200
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
25 % excess oxidant

Figure 1. Relationship between the AFT and the % excess oxidant used for combustion.
Chart and table will reconfigure when any blue-cell entry value is changed.
Excel's Trendline tool can be used to give a quadratic equation fit to the results. For x, use %/100.

Summary of Results
% XS oxidant 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100%
AFT, °C 2051 1914 1795 1598 1441 1313 1207

AFT-Calc Operation
The Calculator has two main worksheets, plus one for stored results. Enter data only
J/g-mol this worksheet, in blue-bordered cells only. Data will be copied into the Calcs
-8,02,327 Figure 1 summarizes the results. The chart legend shows a quadratic Trendline fit.
-13,23,113
-14,27,776 The calculator contains a sample system. Changing any blue-bordered cell value will result in recalculation
of all other dependent values. Please read cell comments (cells with red corner), and the document.
-20,43,936
-26,56,958 1. Enter the fuel composition in column E, making sure that the value in cell F29 is non-negative. The
-2,41,814 %C (E31) should be 0% (or 100% for graphite combustion).
-2,82,980 2. Enter the oxidant properties in range K19:K21 and the heat loss in cell K16. Enter 0 for an
adiabatic calculation. The oxidant temperature range should be between 0° - 100°C.
 2. Enter the oxidant properties in range K19:K21 and the heat loss in cell K16. Enter 0 for an
adiabatic calculation. The oxidant temperature range should be between 0° - 100°C.
3. Enter the fuel temperature in cell K24, in the range should be between 0° - 100°C.
-3,93,510
4. Enter the upper limit on the range of calculations of % excess air in cell K20. Seven values will be
used in the % available heat calculation, starting at stoichiometric oxidant (0% excess).
-44,020 5. A complete summary of the available heat results are shown on worksheet Calcs.
6. If desired, you can copy results for several different fuels or oxidant properties to worksheet
StoredResults, and chart them. This worksheet has results for pure methane combustion for the
conditions noted in the IH article, plus a chart for other species.
7. Please read the cell comments and documents.

Heat Content of Offgas Species Above 25°C

H, CO2 = 2.006E-03T2 + 5.343E+01T - 6.847E+03
H, H2O = 4.204E-03T2 + 3.661E+01T - 3.124E+03
H, O2 = 1.173E-03T2 + 3.370E+01T - 2.509E+03
H, N2 = 1.229E-03T2 + 3.177E+01T - 2.417E+03

O2, (g)
N2, (g)
H2O, (g)

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

temperature, deg. C
 1284x + 2042

100%

ults. Enter data only on

Calcs worksheet.
uadratic Trendline fit.
ue will result in recalculation
rner), and the document.

non-negative. The

K16. Enter 0 for an

K16. Enter 0 for an

.
K20. Seven values will be
0% excess).
.
worksheet
e combustion for the