Chapter 1 - Communication: Types, Processes, Functions, Levels, Principles and Ethics

Communication

- is the transmission of information and understanding from one person or group to another.
- Communication maybe classified according to: communication mode, context, purpose and style.

Types of Communication

1. Types according to Mode.

- Communication mode refers to the channel through which one uses to express his intent.
- Verbal and Non-verbal
- Visual communication uses signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams to convey
information.

2. Types according to Context

- Intrapersonal Communication means talking to oneself.

- Interpersonal Communication is an interactive exchange between or among interlocutors.

- Extended Communication involves the use of electronic media to include telephone, audio and phone
conferencing; video conferencing; Skype calls; and other technological means.

- Organizational Communication focuses on the role that communication plays in organizational

context. A set of rule or standards for communication protocol should be clear so that interaction
patterns are established.

Two types of Organizational Structure

A. Formal structure
- Allows communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between
positions in the organization using use of four approaches.

a. Downward/top-down communication flows from upper to lower position.

b. Upward/bottom up communication takes place where subordinates send communication to

their bosses.
 c. Horizontal communication is lateral in approach as it takes place among people belonging to
the same level but coming from different departments to facilitate performance of tasks
through proper coordination.

d. Crosswise communication approach is diagonal in nature as employees from different units

or departments working at various levels communicate with each other.

B. Informal Structure
-Informal structure comes from unofficial channels of message flow.

- Intercultural communication refers to the interaction between or among people having different
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social and professional backgrounds. Interpretations of cultures must be
appropriate.

3. Type according to Purpose and Style

- Formal communication employs formal language delivered orally or in written form. Lectures, speech,
research and project proposals, reports and business letters, among others are all considered formal
situations and writings.

- Informal Communication does not employ formal language. It involves personal and ordinary
conversations with friends, family members and acquaintances. The purpose is to socialize and to
enhance relationships.