TOLENTINO, KHAMIS C.

BSN1-Y2-3
LAB REPORT – LIPIDS

INTRODUCTION

- Lipids are very diverse in both their respective structures and functions. These diverse
compounds that make up the lipid family are so grouped because they are insoluble in
water. They are however soluble in other organic solvents such as ether, acetone and
other lipids. Major lipid groups include fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes. Lipids
are a large and diverse group of naturally occurring organic substances that are
determined by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents and insolubility in water. All
forms of life possess lipids which play various biological roles like membrane formation,
protection, insulation, energy storage, and cell division. Lipids, also known as fats, are
made up of triglycerides derived from alcohol glycerol plus fatty acids. Glycerol is a
small organic molecule with three hydroxyl groups while a fatty acid consists of a long
hydrocarbon chain attached to a carboxyl group. In order to arrive with a fat molecule, a
reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the glycerol backbone and the carboxyl groups
of the fatty acids happens in a dehydration synthesis which yields a fat molecule with
three fatty acid tails bound to the glycerol backbone connected by ester linkages.

This experiment will be focused on the elaboration of the procedures that were followed
on each test for the observation of the different samples of simple lipids that were given.
These procedures were done to determine the chemical properties of simple lipids and to
determine the chemical properties of soaps as metallic salts of fatty acids.
MATERIALS

- The Materials and Reagents that will used in the experiments are Droppers and
Graduated Cylinder, Hot bath, Spatula, Test tube holder, Test tube and Test tube racks.
Chemicals are Olive oil, Corn oil, Coconut oil. Cholesterol & Sulfuric Acid. Coconut oil
& Palmitic acid. Distilled water, Sodium hydroxide, Hydrochloric acid. Ethanol,
Chloroform, Diethyl ether. Glycerol & Paraffin Oil. Potassium bisulfate & Beeswax.
Vitamin E in chloroform, butyl alcohol, Nitric acid.

METHOD

Solubility Test
- Solubility test for coconut oil. All the glass wares that used for this test were properly
washed and dried. For this test, add one drop of coconut oil in a clean dry test tube that
contains 1 ml of each of the solvent which is distilled water, dil NaOH, dil HCL, cold and
hot ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether. The test tubes were gently shaken and the
results were observed.
- Solubility test for palmitic oil, for this test just add a pinch of palmitic acid in a clean and
dry test tube that contains 1 ml of each of the solvent and record of what changes you
observed.

Unsaturated Test
- The test for unsaturation will use olive oil, corn oil and coconut oil and methylene
fluoride are added dropwise with bromine solution, to see the reaction records the number
of drops until the color is no longer decolorized instantly. Olive oil had 69 drops, corn
oil is 20 drops and coconut oil are 3 drops.

Acrolein Test
- The procedure for acrolein test, put a pinch of potassium bisulfate added to 2 drops of
glycerol, coconut oil, paraffin oil and beeswax. Each of the sample is heated until the
odor of acrolein is formed and record your observation.
 Modified Furter Meyer Test
- 1 ml sample of vitamin e solution is heated in a water bath until the color changes will
developed a bronze red color is specific, gently stir until it mix the record observation.

Salkowksy Test
- For the procedure of salkowsky place 2 ml of cholesterol that has been dissolved in
chloroform in a test tube add an equal amount of concentrated sulfuric acid then shake
gently upper layer turns red that indicates a positive result then record your observation.

DATA & ANALYSIS

Solubility Test
- Solubility test for coconut oil it is the preliminary test which detects the presence of all
lipids. It is used to detect the solubility of lipid in various solvents to check whether it is
miscible or immiscible in polar or non-polar solvents. The solubility of lipids falls under
the principle “like dissolves like” (Supriya, 2019). In this experiment, coconut oil is used
as the sample. The observation gathered after doing the experiment. The solvents used in
this solubility test are distilled water, dil NaOH, dil HCL, cold and hot ethanol,
chloroform and diethyl ether, and solute was coconut oil and it was dissolved in each
solvent. The result shows that coconut oil is immiscible in distilled water, diluted NaOH,
diluted HCL, cold ethanol. It is because coconut oil, a lipid, is a non-polar organic
compound and water is a polar compound. On the other hand, coconut oil was miscible to
chloroform, hot ethanol and diethyl ether. It is due to the non-polar characteristic of the
solvents which is compatible with the coconut oil. However, heat is applied to the hot
ethanol to completely solubilize the coconut oil, an increase of the temperature helps the
lipid to liquefy.

- Solubility test for palmitic oil, the appearance of crystal like in diluted NaOH, diluted
HCL, and cold ethanol while on the hot ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether it has a
white precipitate.
 Unsaturated Test
- Test for olive oil, there was a white precipitate appearance within a minute so that the
result as negative. The number of drops corresponds to when the double bonds were
detected. The more drop added, the more unsaturated and multiband the samples are, and
in this test, olive oil proved to be the most unsaturated out of the other three because corn
oil has a color of faint orange, and coconut oil has no reaction.

Acrolein Test
- Acrolein test is used to detect the presence of glycerol or fat, and all of the samples which
is glycerol, coconut oil, paraffin oil and beeswax tested positive as these samples
produced a pungent or burnt smell, glycerol & coconut oil has an unpleasant odor.

Modified Furter Meyer Test

- Upon observation a bronze red solution formed in this test indicating the presence of only
a-tocopherol.

Salkowksy Test
- This test is used for determination of cholesterol in blood, upon observing the upper layer
turns red and the sulfuric acid layer shows a yellow color with a green fluorescence that
shows a positive result.

CONCLUSION

- Based on the Experiment, Lipids are insoluble to water, hence they are nonpolar
compounds. They can be saturated or unsaturated. Fats and oils give positive results to
the Acrolein test since are capable of producing glycerol when they are hydrolyzed.
Lipids can be oxidized or hydrolyzed to form fatty acids. Lipids show many physical and
chemical properties. These properties were shown in the products produced by
the reactions in the tests with the exceptions of the tiny crystals of cholesterol added with
 coconut oil in the emulsification test. Those products or solutions that tested negative
might have undergone an inaccurate process during the experiment which resulted to the
absence of the desired identity of the products.

REFERENCES;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J2t5FRnMtM