A queue is a line or list of customers who are waiting for goods or services from a service

center. A queuing theory is concerned with the analysis of queues and queuing behavior in
order to find solutions to problems relating to the optimization of the effectiveness of defined
functions with random arrival and servicing times.

The waiting line models assist management in balancing the costs of waiting and the costs of
providing service.

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a notation used to describe the logic of
business process steps. This notation was created specifically to coordinate the sequence of
processes and messages that flow between participants in various activities.

Value analysis is a method of increasing the value of a product or process by understanding

its constituent components and the costs associated to them. It then tries to improve the
components by either reducing their cost or increasing the value of the functions.

Non value added is an activity is one that does not add to the value of what is delivered to the
customer.

Value added is an activity that increasing the value of the product above the original value of
something is referred to as value added.

Cycle Time is the amount that measures the manufacturing process's production rate.

Flow time is the amount of time that a flow unit spends in a business process from start to
finish.

A bottleneck is a process in a chain whose limited capacity reduces the capacity of the entire
chain.