9

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Solving Quadratic Equation by
Completing the Square and Using
Quadratic Formula
Mathematics - Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Solving Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square and
Using the Quadratic Formula
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Karen Grace D. Miphranum
Editor: Karen Grace D. Miphranum
Reviewers: Ramel M. Abay
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Christine C. Bagacay – Chief – Curriculum Implementation Division
Maria Fe D. Sibuan – Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics
Lorna C. Ragos - Education Program Supervisor
Learning Resources Management

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region XI

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

 9

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Solve Quadratic Equations by
Completing the Square and
Using the Quadratic Formula
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for
each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator.

Thank you.

ii
 Let Us Learn!

In the previous module, you have learned how to solve quadratic

equation by extracting square roots and factoring. In this module, you will
learn how to solve quadratic equation by completing the square and using
the quadratic formula.

This module has two lessons:

 Lesson 1: Solving Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square

 Lesson 2: Solving Quadratic Equation Using the Quadratic
Formula

After going through this module, the learner is expected to:

 Reviews square of a binomial and perfect square trinomial.
(M9AL-Ia-b-1)
 Find the roots of the quadratic equation using completing the
square.
 Derives the Quadratic Formula.
 Solves roots of quadratic equation using quadratic formula.

iii
Lesson
Solve Quadratic Equation
1 by Completing the Square

Let Us Try!

Direction: Choose the letter that you think best answers the
question. Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper.

1. What value of c will make the trinomial x2 – 30x + c a perfect square?

a. 144 b. 169 c. 196 d. 225

2. Which of the following expression is the square of a binomial of

x2 + 14x + 49?
a. (x + 7)2 b. (x – 7)2 c. (x + 14)2 d. (x – 14)2

3. Which constant must be added to solve the equation x2 + 3x + ___ =

18 + ___ by the method of completing the square?
a. 0 b. c. 9/4 d. 18

4. The first step in solving the equation x2 + 6x – 9 = 0 by the method of

competing the square would be _______.
a. Add 9 to both side of the equation.
b. Use the common factor.
c. Subtract 9 from both side of the equation.
d. Get the square root of both sides.

5. What are the roots of x2 + 5x + 4 = 0?

a. (1, -4) b. ( ) c. ( ) d. ( )

1
 Let Us Study

Transforming Perfect Square Trinomial to Square of a Binomial

A perfect square trinomial is the square of a binomial. It follows a

pattern when it is factored, so that the first and last terms are perfect
squares of monomials and the middle term is twice their product. If the
pattern does not fit for a particular trinomial, it is not a perfect square
trinomial. To transform perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial,
get the square root of the first term, copy the sign of the middle term and get
the square root of the third, then square the given binomial.

Example 1: Express the perfect square trinomial x2 – 4x + 4 as a square

of a binomial.

Solution:

Step 1: Get the square root of √

Step 2: Get the square root of 4 √

Step 3: Copy the sign of the middle

term and write the square of a
binomial.

Therefore, the square of a binomial of the perfect square trinomial

x2– 4x + 4 is .

Example 2: Express the perfect square trinomial 4x2 + 20x + 25 as a

square of a binomial.

2
Solution:

Step 1: Get the square root of √

Step 2: Get the square root of 25 √

Step 3: : Copy the sign of the middle

term and write the square of a binomial.

Therefore, the square of a binomial of the perfect square trinomial

4x2 + 20x + 25 is .

Solving Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square

Another method of solving quadratic equations is by completing the

square. Completing the square is where we take a quadratic equation ax 2 +
bx + c = 0 to (x – h)2 = k, where k 0. When the numerical coefficient of x2 is
not 1, divide all terms of the equation by the numerical coefficient of x 2 so
that it will then be equal to one.

Example 1: Solve the quadratic equation x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 by completing the

square.
Solution:
Step 1: Add to both sides of the equation, then simplify.
x2 + 4x – 5 + 5 = 0 + 5
x2 + 4x = 5
Step 2: Add blank spaces to both side of the equation.
x2 + 4x + ______ = 5 + ______
Step 3: Complete the square on the left side of the equation by adding

( ) 2 . Add the same number on the right side of the

equation to maintain the equality.

x2 + 4x +4 = 5 + 4

3
 Step 4: Transform the perfect square trinomial at the left side of the
equation to square of a binomial and simplify the right side of the
equation.
(x + 2)2 = 9
Step 5: Get the square root of both sides of the equation and simplify.
√ 2= √
x+2=±3
Step 6: Solve for the value of x
x+2=3 x + 2 = -3
x=3–2 x= 3–2
x=1 x= 5
Therefore, the roots of the equation are 1 and .
Checking:
for x = 1 for x = 5
x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 x2 + 4x – 5 = 0
(1)2 + 4(1) – 5 = 0 5)2 + 4( 5) – 5 = 0
1+4–5=0 25 – 20 – 5 = 0
0 =0 0=0

Example 2: Solve the quadratic equation 4x2 – 32x + 28 = 0 by completing

the square.

Solution:
Step 1: Divide all terms by the coefficient of x2 which is 4.

x2 – 8x + 7 = 0
Step 2: Add to both sides of the equation, then simplify.
x2 – 8x + 7 =0
x2 – 8x =
Step 3: Add blank spaces to both side of the equation.
x2 - 8x + ______ = + ______

4
 Step 4: Complete the square on the left side of the equation by adding

( ) 2 . Add the same number on the right side of

the equation to maintain the equality.

x2 - 8x +16 = +
Step 5: Transform the perfect square trinomial at the left side of the
equation to square of a binomial and simplify the right side of the
equation.
(x - 4)2 = 9
Step 6: Get the square root of both sides of the equation and simplify.

√ 2 = √
x-4=±3

Step 7: Solve for the value of x

x–4=3 x–4=-3
x=3+4 x= 3+4
x= x=
Therefore, the roots of the equation are and .

Example 3: Solve the quadratic equation x2 – 6x – 41 = 0 by completing the

square.
Solution:
Step 1: Add to both sides of the equation, then simplify.
x2 – 6x – 41 + 41 = 0 + 41
x2 – 6x = 41
Step 2: Add blank spaces to both side of the equation.
x2 – 6x + ______ = 41 + ______
Step 3: Complete the square on the left side of the equation by adding

( ) 2 . Add the same number on the right side of

the equation to maintain the equality.

x2 – 6x + 9 = 41 + 9

5
Step 5: Transform the perfect square trinomial at the left side of the
equation to square of a binomial and simplify the right side of the
equation.
(x – 3)2 = 50
Step 6: Get the square root of both sides of the equation and simplify.
√ 2 = √
x–3= √
Step 7: Solve for the value of x ( √ can be expressed as √ √
√ )
x–3=√ x–3= √
x – 3=√ √ x–3= √ √
x – 3 = 5√ x–3= 5√
x = 3+5√ x = 3 – 5√
Therefore, the roots of the equation are 3+5√ and 3 – 5√

Let Us Practice
Direction: Complete the process in finding the solutions of the
quadratic equation by completing the square by supplying the missing
term. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. 2x2 – 3x – 9 = 0
Step 1: Divide all terms by the coefficient of x2.
____________________________
Step 2: Add to both sides of the equation, then simplify.

_____________________
Step 3: Add blank spaces to both side of the equation.
_____________________
Step 4: Complete the square on the left side of the equation by

adding ( )( ) 2 . Add the same number on the right

side of the equation to maintain the equality.

____________________

6
 Step 5: Transform the perfect square trinomial at the left side of
the equation to square of a binomial and simplify the right side of
the equation.
______________
Step 6: Get the square root of both sides of the equation and
simplify.

√( ) = √

________________
Step 7: Solve for the value of x

Therefore, the roots of the equation are _____ and _____.

Let Us Practice More

Direction: Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic
equation by completing the square. Write your answer in a clean sheet of
paper.
1. x2 + 3x – 40 = 0
2. x2 + 10x = 3
3. 6x2 + 12x – 48 = 0

Let Us Remember
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is false. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.
______1. The expression is the square of a binomial of
x2 + 6x – 9?
______2. To square a binomial, first get the square root of the first
term, then copy the sign of the middle term and get the square root of the
third, and finally square the given binomial.

7
 ______3. A perfect square trinomial is the square of a binomial.
______4. If the coefficient of x2 is not 1, divide all terms of the equation
by the coefficient of x2 so that it will then be equal to one.
______5. The solutions of the equation x2 – 10x – 11 = 0 are x = 1 and
.

Let Us Assess

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in
a clean sheet of paper.
1. The equation _________ becomes (x + 5)2 = 15 when using the
method of completing the square.
a. x2 + 10x + 35 = 0 c. x2 + 10x + 10 = 0
b. x2 + 10x + 25 = 0 d. x2 + 10x + 15 = 0
2. What value of c will make the trinomial a perfect
square?
a. 9 b. c. d. 3
3. The solutions of the equation _________ are x = 2 and 3.
a. x2 – 5x +6 c. x2 – x – 6 = 0
b. x2 + x – 6 = 0 d. x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
4. What are the roots of 2x2 + 5x – 7 = 0

a. (5, b. c. d.

5. The roots of the equation y2 + 4 – 91 = 0 are ______.

a. √ √ c.
b. d. √ √

Let Us Enhance

Direction: Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic

equation by completing the square. Write your answer on a clean sheet of
paper.
1. x2 + 14x – 38 = 0
2. 2x2 – 8x + 6 = 0

8
Let Us Reflect

Share your thoughts about our lesson for this module. Write your
answer in a clean sheet of paper.

3 things you have learned today.




2 things you want to know more about solving quadratic equation
by completing the square.



1 thing you can apply your learnings about solving quadratic
equation by completing the square in your life.


9
Lesson Solve Quadratic Equation

2 using the Quadratic

Formula
Let Us Try!
Direction: Choose the letter that you think best answers the
question. Write your answer on clean sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

a. c. 3y – 7 = 2

b. x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 d. 2x2 – 7x 3
2. Which of the following is written in the general form?
a. x2 – 5 = x b. y2 = 9 c. 3x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 d. x2 – x = 6
3. In deriving the quadratic formula, what mathematical method is use?
a. factoring c. both a and b
b. square root d. completing the square
4. Find the solutions of the quadratic equation x2 + 10x + 21 = 0.
a. ( ) b. (3, 7) c. ( ) d. (6, 2)
5. Use the quadratic formula to solve x2 – 4x + 2 = 0.
a. x = 2 √ b. x = 2 √ c. x = 4 √ d. x =1 √

Let Us Study

The quadratic formula can be used to solve all types of quadratic equation.
To use the quadratic formula, the equation should be in general form ax2 +
bx + c = 0. In the equation, ax2 is the quadratic term, bx is the linear term
√
and c is the constant term. The quadratic formula is

10
 Derivation of the Quadratic Formula

Step 1. Quadratic equation

should be in general form. ax2 + bx + c = 0
Step 2. Add – to both sides of ax2 + bx + c – c = 0 – c
the equation. ax2 + bx = – c

Step 3. Divide both sides by a,

simplify.

Step 4. Complete the square on

the left side of the equation by
adding the constant . Add
the same constant to the right
side of the equation to keep it
balance.

Step 5. Factor the perfect

square trinomial and simplify.

√ =√
Step 6. Get the square root of
both sides.
√
=
√
=
Step 7. Add to both sides
to isolate x. √
=

Step 8. Combine the two √

fractions.
 N
ote: To use the quadratic formula, the equation should be in general
form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Examples:

1. Find the solution of the equation 2x2+ 3x – 27 = 0 using the quadratic

formula.

Solution:
2x2+ 3x – 27 = 0 determine the values of a, b and c
a = 2; b = 3; c =

11
 √
substitute the values of a, b and c in

the quadratic formula

√
simplify
√

solve for the values of

= = the solutions are and

Therefore, the solutions of the quadratic equation 2x2+ 3x – 27 = 0 are

and .

2. Find the solution of the equation x2 – 4x – 6 = 0 using the quadratic

formula.

Solution:

x2 – 4x – 6 = 0 determine the values of a, b and c

a = 1; b = – 4; c = – 6
√
substitute the values of a, b and c in

the quadratic formula

√
simplify
√

√
simplify √ √ √ = 2√
√

√
factor out 2, then divide

√
√ √ solve for

12
 Since we can no longer simplify √ and √ , therefore,
the roots of the quadratic equation x – 4x – 6 = 0 are
2 √ and
√ .

Keep in mind:
If b is negative, then the
𝑏 that appears in the
formula is positive.

Let Us Practice
Direction: Complete the process in finding the solutions of the
quadratic equation using the quadratic formula by supplying the
missing term. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. x2 + 10x + 9 = 0
a = ___; b = ___; c = ___ determine the values of a, b and c
√
________________________________

simplify

= = the solutions are and

Let Us Practice More

Direction: Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions of each of

the following equations. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. x2 – 7x + 10 = 0

2. x2 + 8x + 12 = 0

3. 2x2 – 6x + 1 = 0

13
 Let Us Remember
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is false. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. All quadratic equations can be solved using the quadratic formula.

2. The equation must be in general form ax2 + bx + c = 0 to use the

quadratic formula.

3. The completing the square approach is used to get the quadratic

formula.

4. If b is negative in the expression √ , then the that

appears in the formula is negative.

5. The equation 9n2 = 4 + 7n is in general form.

Let Us Assess

Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. The first step in solving the equation 3x 2 – 7x + 2 = 0 using the

quadratic formula is __________.
a. Use the square root property. c. Simplify the equation
b. Identify the values of a, b, and c. d. Write the quadratic formula

2. The solutions of the equation x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 are ______.

a. ( ) b. c. d.

3. The solutions of the quadratic equation are 1 and 5. Which of the

following quadratic equation has these roots?
a. 6x2 – 3x – 1 = 0 c. x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
b. 3x – 2x + 1 = 0
2 d. x2 – x – 6 = 0

4. Which of the following is the quadratic formula?

√ √
a. c.
√ √
b. d.

5. Find the solutions of the equation 4x2 – 20x + 25 = 0.

a. √ , √ ) c. ( )
b. √ , √ ) d. (

14
 Let Us Enhance
Direction: Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic using
the quadratic formula. Answer the questions that follow. Write your
answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. 5x2 + 9x = −4
2. x2 + 2x − 1 = 2
3. 2x2 + 3x − 20 = 0

Questions:
How did you use the quadratic formula in finding the solutions of
each equation?
How many solutions does each equation have?

Let Us Reflect
Answer the following questions below in a paragraph form. Write
your answer in a clean sheet of paper.
1. List the topics you find difficult in this module.
2. Why do you think are these topics difficult?
3. What are you going to do to overcome these difficulties?

15
 16
Let Us Assess
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. d
Let Us Practice!
 a=1, b=10, c= 9
 Substitute the
Let Us Remember value of a, b
Let Us Practice
and c in the Let Us Try!
More
1. True quadratic
4. x = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1. b
2. True formula.
5. x = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2. c
3. True  𝑥
4. False 3. d
√
5. False 6. x =  𝑥
4. a
 𝑥 5. a
2.2 Solves quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
Let Us Assess Let Us Remember
1. c 1. false
2. a 2. true
3. a 3. true
4. b 4. true
5. d 5. false
Let Us Practice!
𝑥 𝑥
Step 1.
Let Us Practice 𝑥
Step 2. 𝑥 Let Us Try!
More
1. x = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥
Step 3. 𝑥 1. d
2. x = √ 𝑥 2. a
Step 4. 𝑥
3. x = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3. c
Step 5. 𝑥 4. a
Step 6. 𝑥 5. b
Step 7. 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑
the square
2.1 Solves quadratic equation by completing
Answer key to Activities
 References

Department of Education. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module. Pages 35

–5
Karsner, David (2003). Factoring Perfect Square Trinomial. Retrieved from:
http://www.study.com
Matias, Celeste Joy O., Joan Michelle F. Malvas, Jovy C. Calawod, Emille T.
Molave (2015) Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner 9. DIWA
Learning System Inc. Legaspi Village, Makati, Philippines. Pages 19 –
30
Nivera, Gladys.C., Minie Rose C. Lapinid (2013) Grade 9 Mathematic,
Patterns and Practicalities. Salesiana Books, Don Bosco Press Inc.
Makati City Philippines. Pages 23 – 39
Web Sources:
https://www.mathlino.com/derivation-of-quadratic-formula
https://www.mathisfun.com/algebra/completing-square

17
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

18