C
CABELLO SANTA MARIA Paco -Spain
Email: fcabello@ingenia.es
Title: Are our ideas on vaginal lubrication cor rect?
Taking in account the number of published articles, there’s no doubt
about the fact that Male Sexual Response (MSR) arises more scientif-
ic interest than the Female Sexual Response (FSR). Today, we have
knowledge about such features as the intrapenis neurotransmission or
the ultrastructural functioning of the cavernous bodies. This means
that we have data about most relevant aspects of the MSR. The same
does not occur in the case of the FSR.
To try and improve this situation we began our investigation, in 1996,
in this field. Our initial interest was the polemic phenomena known as
“female ejaculation” and, in our first investigation, we were able to
demonstrate the presence of Prostate Specific Antygen (PSA) in fluid
emitted by some women during their Sexual Response (Cabello-
Santamaría, 1997). This took us to defend that structures known as
‘Femenine Prostate’ (Uretral, Parauretral and Skene’s Glands) must
have a relevant mission in Female Sexuale Phisyology, because most
women in our sample (75%), expelled certain amount of fluid during
the orgasmic experience, although in such scarce quantities that this
emission was not perceived by them.
In a second phase of our study we replicated the experiment using
radioimmunoanalysis (technique IRMA-Count(), due to low reliabili-
ty to detect PSA under 0.1 ng. of the previously used technique, an
enzimoimmunoessay (AxSYM System(r)). The second technique used
allowed us more precision with lesser quantities of PSA. The results
showed that 70.5% of the women of our sample incremented PSA le-
vels in postorgasmic urine, maintaining significant differences
between pre and postorgasmic urine (p=0.007). With his data we could
maintain the conclusions of our first experiment.
The results (PSA in 100% of the ejaculation samples and 75% of the
posorgasmic urine samples), together with the anatomic disposition of
parauretrhal glands (next to the anterior vaginal wall), took us to the
hypothesis that there existed a functional relationship between the
product of the ‘Femenine Prostate’and Vaginal Lubrication. This to be
true, it would be logical to think that the anterior vaginal wall has a dif-
ferent function than the posterior vaginal wall.
This hypothesis takes us to the third phase of our experiment. To test
it, we designed a methacrylate penis, with milimetrical holes regular-
ly distributed along and two internal and separate hollow cavities that
could be refilled with absorbent material for each person of the sam-
ple, enabling us to value if there existed differences of production
between both walls. The results attained measuring the weight of this
material showed, for the anterior vaginal wall, an average increment of
0.8724 gr., with standard deviation of 0.6843. In the case of the poste-
rior vaginal wall, the average increment was 0.1939, with a standard
deviation of 0.4329. The correlation between the anterior wall and pos-
terior wall was 0.042 with a p=0.886, that is, not significant. With this
data, we can state that the increment of the anterior wall is not neces-
sarily followed by an increment in the posterior wall. Therefore, there
are significant differences (p=0.004) between the anterior wall and the
posterior wall lubrication in the Vagina.
In a fourth phase of our experiment, we once again replicated the
experiment, using in this case a similar penis to the previously
described one, but with holes distributed in a way that avoided col-
lecting any emission from the Uretrhal or Skene’s Glands. This time,
opposite to what had happened in the previous experiment, the incre-
ment in the lubrication of the anterior vaginal wall correlated positive-
ly with the increment in the posterior vaginal wall (rxy 0.811, p<0.01),
showing clearly that the Uretrhal and Skene’s Glands take part in the
Vaginal Lubrication mechanism.
The quantity of emitted fluid varies a lot from one woman to another,
without us knowing the reasons behind this. This is the starting point of
the, so far, last phase of our investigation. Due to the fact that the
Prostatic Cells are receptive to Testosterone, we wanted to determinate
if major quantity of emitted fluid was related to higher levels of
Testosterone and Free Testosterone. After using radioinmunoanalysis to
determinate levels of this hormone, the results attained indicate no sig-
nificant differences between women that claim to “ejaculate” and
women, representing the control group (P= 0.47 for TSTfree, and 0.46
for TST), that do not perceive any emission while experiencing orgasm.
31
CABRAL Blanca E - Venezuela
Email: blancaelisa7@cantv .net
Title: Sexual awakening as an act of intelligence. An
ecosystemic approach of education infant sexuality
This work presents sexual education based on an ecosystemic
approach of infant sexuality from the gender perspective, permits us to
understand, accompany and guide the formation/development proces-
ses or integration of boys and girls in relation to their surroundings and
with their person-being. Through the ecological activation of a sexual
awakening education in a process of discovery, curiosity, exploration
and sensitivity of the boy and the girl in relation with themselves and
their surroundings, by means of their universe of sensations and
movements, they begin to live their sensorial and motor sexuality:
They touch, explore, feel, discover, know themselves and the world
and in this way they internalize that they are an integral and inter-
dependent part of nature and the world. They learn through the eco-
systemic experience of being sexed and of sexuality lived as an act of
intelligence and knowledge. An education for pleasure and the joy of
living lovingly and integrating the sexed body in its natural differences
as a unitary experience of the boy/girl in relation to nature, life, them-
selves, the universe in which everything forms only one network of
interdependent relations.
CALENDI Maria Cristina - Italy
Co-Author: PIN M.
Email: mcalendi@yahoo.domicile.fr
Title: Body piercing in sexual areas: description of the phe -
nomenon and psychodynamic hypothesis
The data have been collected in the field on a sample of fifteen people
by means of the interview technique and of the Adjective Check List
(ACL). The data allowed a description of the phenomenon of the
Sexual Body Piercing (this term including nipple-piercing and/or geni-
talia-piercing), as well as the suggestion of hypothesis about it. Data
coming from the ACL tend to point out how the sample group can be
divided into two undergroups according to gender. Every undergroup
has specific characteristics, though they are part of the same impulsivi-
ty pattern shared by the whole group.
From interviews it is emerging how such practices produce changes in
those who undergo the process. Such changes, beyond aware motiva-
tions, can be described as a psychological improvement, a better sex-
ual stimulation and a variation in relationships with others; interviews
show also how such practices tend to be carried out during periods of
stress, troubles or personal change, and how they tend to be repeated.
Hypothesis advanced in order to understand the data have been based
on Anzieu’s theories about the skin ego, and Favazza’s work on self
mutilation.
These hypothesis highlight how on one hand such a behaviour can be
considered in two ways: (a) like an attempt whether conscious or
unconscious to move towards a personal improvement; (b) like a way
to do self therapy, acted by the individual in times of anxiety or dis-
tress; both hypothesis assume that these practices do not concern a ten-
dency toward self-injury.
On the other hand though, its reoccurrence shows how the underlying
and/or stressing condition is hardly altered by such practices.
CALENDI Maria Cristina - Italy CARCEDO Rodrigo - Spain

Email: mcalendi@yahoo.it Email: rcarcedo@gugu.usal.es

Title: “Survived” to child sexual abuse. The denied link Title: Is it possible to modify the sexual desire of sexual
between body and pleasur e offenders ?
This preliminary exploratory study has examined the effect of child One of the modules of the first intervention program with sexual
sexual abuse on 10 women, aged between 20 to 46 and recruited at the offenders in Spain is related to the modification of the sexual desire
Welcome Centre for Women of Association Artemisia in Prato (Italy). (Garrido & Beneito, 1999). This module is based on different tech-
Two forms have been used (one for private data and the other for per- niques coming from the behavioural and cognitive approaches (stop-
sonal history) and then two tests were given: the Adjective Check List thinking and aversive conditioning). We have taken other techniques
(ACL) by G. Gough and the Semantic Differential Calculus by C. from different approaches such as brief therapy (miracle question,
Osgood. This work shows the data derived from some of the Semantic exceptions,.). Other ways of controlling their sexual desire which can
Differentials given, each one with 16 adjective pairs ranged on a 7 help sexual offenders are commented as well. The difficulties of its
points scale. The “I am” concept is usually perceived in a negative application and the general impressions will be included as well as the
way, with an overall depiction as: confused, clean, sweet, full, rough, differences that we have found between rapists and sexual abusers.
heavy, blue, hard. The “my body is” concept assumes positive as well
as negative features for the majority of the subjects, and it is described
as: sweet, hot, full, active, smooth, soft, dry, rounded, red, weak, dirty,
heavy and closed. “Sex is” is described with nuances that are mostly
negative or ambivalent: confused, heavy, noisy, wet, angular, blue,
hard, red. The idea of “pleasure” is experienced in a positive way by
all the subjects, and has an overall positive connotation in all the
scales. Observing the differentials related to sex and pleasure it is
clearly evident how they are completely shifted towards the positive
and the negative poles. The overall results of the ACL, though pre-
senting general traits of insecurity, affiliation want, interpersonal rela-
tionships wavering and holding of defensive behaviour, they present
on the other hand instinctively traits that are typically childish, leading
to an immediate pseudo-gratification of the actions. The results indi-
cate the presence of a censure between body and sex, and desire, where
as the formers narrate and represent the traumatic experience, and the
latter represents the direction to be followed in order to take back again
a path able to reconcile body and desire, self and others.

CARCEDO Rodrigo - Spain CARLOTTI Laurent - France

Email: rarcedo@gugu.usal.es Email: l.carlotti@liber tysur f.fr

Title: Sexual education with sexual offenders
The purpose of this presentation is to describe a module of Sexual
Education with sexual offenders. This module is a part of a program
created by Garrido and Beneito (1999).We have included some new
parts to try to get a more completed intervention. The main idea that
we want to transmit in this module is to show the sexual offenders a
positive and wider view of sexuality with so many aims (pleasure,
improved self-esteem, communication, intimacy) and possibilities.
The “hidden message” is to show them everything they lose if they live
their sexuality in the aggressive way.
Title: Is the desire of the patient an objet ?
Today our society and peoples focused more and more on results.
Scientific research has led to spectacular progress in the treatment of
male sexual dysfonction, especially we now approach the treatment of
the symptom of E.P.
Given all of this, is trere still a place for psychoanalysis for the treat-
ment of this symptom they use to be ascribed to an inconscient aggres-
sivity towards women.
The goal of this presentation is to show that in fact, this symptom is
much more polymorph as to their origins.
This origins have to be traced back to the locus of the phantasm alli-
terate, as well as the concept of sexuality as the way of the relation.

32
CARLSTEDT Anita - Sweden
Co-Authors: A. FORSMAN, H. SODERSTROM
Email: agneta.brimse@r mv.se
Title: Consecutive cases of sexual child abuse convictions in
a Swedish region
We investigated all sexual child abuse convictions in a Swedish region
during a 5-year period to establish reliable data in a total population of
perpetrators. Documentation on all sexual crimes against minors (0-15
years of age) resulting in conviction between 1993 and 1997 was
obtained from the 14 courts in the Västra Götaland region (population
1.5 million) in Sweden. Data on crimes, perpetrators, victims, and
sanctions was registered in standardized protocols for computerized
analysis.
The total number of 203 cases of sexual child abuse involved 283 vic-
tims and 196 perpetrators, all men. The most severe violations, such
as penetrating sexual intercourse, took place within the family
(p<0.001) and were committed by biological relatives (p=0.004).
Most perpetrators, 72 %, were well known to the victims, who in 85 %
of all cases were girls. Boys were most often abused by strangers, but
a close relative was the perpetrator in the few cases of aggravated
abuse of boys. The most severe sentences were primarily predicted by
violent features of the crime (but not by penetrating sexual activity),
by the age of the perpetrator (but not by the age of the victim), and by
immigrant status.
CARNEVALI Morella M. - Venezuela
Email: mer car@cantv .net
Title: Spinning in the individual’s sexual activity
Spinning as a sport has had a growing acceptance in Venezuela
because of the benefits the individual obtains through it. However,
recent researches at the Boston University (USA) report certain kinds
of damages on the genital physiology of the individual, because of the
interruption of the blood circulation due to the pressure exercised on
the genitals arterial and vein, because of abuse in its practice. As a
direct way to know about other benefits derivative by the use of the
spinning, the present research was designed having as an objective to
analyze the relation of the spinning practice and the sexual activity.
The sample composed by 23 subjects ranging from 19 to 48 years old,
was taken in the GYM (Montalban, Caracas, Venezuela). The infor-
mation was obtained from a structured questionnaire and interviews, to
gather quali-quantitative data about the experiences related to the spin-
ning practice and their sexual activity. In conclusion, although the
study does not establish a direct relationship between the spinning
practice and the modification of their sexual activity, there are indica-
tors that points out that the spinning practice does not affect directly
the sexual activity of the studied individuals. Through the research it
was established that the spinning practice increases the energy, flexi-
bility and dynamism in the sexual intercourse in a 83.6% of the sam-
ple, sexual frequency increased in a 13,0% of the sample and long last-
ing in the sexual intercourse in a 21,7% of the sample. As long as the
people receive specialized orientation there are no reasons to consider
the spinning practice as harmful; on the contrary its practice brings
physical and sexual benefits to the individual.
33
CARUSO Salvatore - Italy
Email: scar uso@mbox.unict.
Title: Audiological evoked potentials in postmenopausal
women treated with hormone replacement therapy
Fifty postmenopausal women were treated with HRT. Women with an
intact uterus had an estrogen plus progesterone treatmen. Eighteen
surgically postmenopausal women received a weekly transdermal
estradiol system. Twenty-five postmenopausal volunteers -5 with a
natural menopause and 10 with a surgical menopause- and 20 pre-
menopausal normally cycling women were used as a control group.
Each woman performed auditory braistem response by auditory
evoked potentials for waves I, III, and V and for interpeack I-III, I-V,
and III-V intervals.Women who were treated with HRT showed wave
latencies and interpeack latencies shorter than those for post-
menopausal women in the control group, overlapping those of the pre-
menopausal women. Women who were treated with estrogen replace-
ment therapy showed shorter time latencies than those treated with
combined hormone replacement therapy.
Our data suggest that fluctuating hormone levels cause changes in
auditory brainstem response waves. However, we believe that estrogen
may influence the neeuronal plasticity, the metabolic levels of neuro-
transmitters, and thus the neuronal conduction time into the audiologi-
cal system
CARUSO Salvatore - Italy
Email: scar uso@mbox.unict.it
Title: Premenopausal women affected by sexual arousal
disorder treated with Sildenafil: a double blind, cross-over ,
placebo-controlled study
Sample: Fifty-three volunteer women aged 22-38 years, affected by
arousal disorders.
Methods: The study consisted of three 4-week periods: Sildenafil,
washout, placebo, by six possible sequences. Sildenafil was used at
25 mg or 50 mg.
Main outcome measures: Efficacy was assessed at baseline and once
monthly by the Personal Experiences Questionnaire (PEQ) based on
the 5-point Likert scale. The PEQ quantified subjective arousal (pri-
mary endpoint), and orgasm, enjoyment, sexual frequency, and num-
ber of sexual fantasies.
Results: Fifty-one women completed the study. Mean usage of
Sildenafil 25 mg and 50 mg was respectively, 2.8 +/- 0.8 and 2.7 +/-
1.3 times weekly, while mean usage of placebo was 2.8 +/- 1.6 times
weekly. During both Sildenafil dosages, arousal and orgasm improved
with respect to placebo (p< 0.001.) Therapeutically significant differ-
ences were not noted during the treatment with both 50 mg and 25 mg
of Sildenafil for arousal (p NS), and orgasm (p NS). The enjoyment,
the frequency of sexual fantasies and the frequency of sexual inter-
course improved in the women treated with Sildenafil (p<0.05)
Conclusions: Our study suggests that Sildenafil may improve sexual
performance of women affected by sexual difficulties such as arousal
disorder and may indirectly improve other aspects of sexual life.
Moreover, further studies need to define the use of PDE type 5
inhibitors in the sexual pathophysiology
CARUSO Salvatore - Italy
Email: scar uso@mbox.unict.it
Title: The effects of estrogen replacement therapy on laryn -
geal cytology in postmenopausal women
Eight-four healthy, surgically postmenopausal women, of whom 48
were treated with ERT and 36 were considered as a control group, par-
ticipated in our study. Study women were treated with transdermal
Estrogen by patches or gel, and laryngeal cytology with cytobrush by
indirect laryngoscopy was evaluated with respect to vaginal cytology.
Finally, a questionnaire for the voice history was used to define sub-
jective voice changes.
Sixty-seven women completed the study. Ten subject from the ERT
group and five from the control group dropped out because of the inva-
sive laryngoscope method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed
similar superficial-intermediate aspects of the cells betwwen the laryn-
geal and the vaginal smears in ERT-treated women. In the control
group, both smears showed aspects of atrophy-dystrophy. The ERT
group had a subjectively better quality of voice than the control group.
Our study confirmed that the larynx is an estrogen target, as are vagi-
nal cells. ERT may provide prevention and treatment of dystrofic
pathologies of the vocal cords in postmenopausal women.
CARVALHEIRA Ana Alexandra - Portugal
Email : anacar valheira@mail.telepac.pt
Title: Sex on portuguese sexual chatrooms
The present study pretends to explore the main motivations that lead
people to search sexual interactions in portuguese sexual chatrooms.
Methodology : online questionnaire, 58 itens related to several factors:
anonymity; sexuality enrichment; social skills; to share fantasies; time
constraints in personal life; select to meet other people with the simi-
lar sexual interests; enhancing the (face-to-face) relationship offline ;
allienation.
34
CARVALHO Marina - Portugal
Co-Author: BAPTISTA A.
Email: marina.car valho@ulusofona.pt
Title: Information, motivation, behavioural skills and HIV -
preventive behaviours in young adults
The Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills Model (Fisher &
Fisher, 1992)was tested in a sample of 412 young adults. No diffe-
rences between sexes were found for information, motivation, beha-
vioural skills, preventive behaviours and social desirability. The com-
parisons between consistent condom users, sporadic condom users and
non condom users showed that consistent condom users reported that
they were more motivated, had more behavioural skills, more discus-
sions about safe sex, easier acessibility to condoms and made more
HIV tests. The overall tests, using SEM, showed good fit indices for
both males and females, even though we found differences in the rela-
tionships between the constructs. These results imply different strate-
gies for preventive couselling for males and females, namely, beha-
vioural skills are more important to females and motivation is more
important to males.
CASCELLA DE NAFFAH Anna Maria - Venezuela
Email: fnaf faah@raudo.udo.edu.ve
Title: Estudio comparativo: conocimiento sobre las enfer -
medades de transmisión sexual que poseen los estudiantes
del ciclo diversificado de los liceos públicos y privados ubi -
cados en la ciudad de cumana - estado sucre.
El estudio pretendió determinar el conocimiento que poseen los estu-
diantes que cursan estudios de 4to. Y 5to. Año (Ciclo Diversificado) en
los Liceos públicos y privados de la ciudad de Cumaná, a fin de hacer
comparaciones y llegar a resultados relevantes que permitieron con-
cluir que no hay diferencias significativas en cuanto al conocimiento
que se tiene sobre Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual en ambos gru-
pos de estudios; encontrándose que el 75% de los alumnos, poseen un
buen conocimiento sobre el tópico estudiado específicamente a nivel
preventivo, careciendo de una información más adecuada en el aspec-
to curativo.
En consecuencia, basándonos en los resultados de esta investigación y
la realidad que nos asiste ante la ausencia de una formación sexual a
nivel familiar e instrucción formal a nivel escolar, que se traduce en un
posible peligro para la población estudiantil dado que cada día son más
frecuentes las Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual y el contagio
mayor se desprende del estudio como recomendación a la necesidad de
crear programas de educación sexual como parte obligatoria en los
pemsus curriculares de los niveles de educación media o de bachille-
rato, afianzando de esta manera la recomendación al respecto; deriva-
da del estudio que sirvió de base a esta investigación.
CASTRO ESPIN Mariela - Cuba
Email: cenesex@infomed.sld.cu
Title: Sexualidad y desar rollo humano. La política cubana
de Eduación Sexual
La estrategia cubana de desarrollo, que sitúa a los seres humanos sin
ningún tipo de discriminación en el centro de sus objetivos y que
impulsa las políticas sociales y económicas como elementos insepara-
bles del mismo proceso, ha sido el soporte principal del Programa
Nacional de Educación Sexual, que al mismo tiempo desde su especi-
ficidad, le aporta nuevos elementos a esta concepción integral del
desarrollo y la enriquece en su implementación.
El Programa Cubano de Educación Sexual es responsabilidad de la
sociedad y de sus instituciones. Se dirige a toda la población sin
exclusión de edad, sexo, orientación sexual, nivel cultural y capaci-
dades físicas, sensoriales e intelectuales, que tienen los mismos dere-
chos a vivir su sexualidad de manera sana, plena y responsable.
Todo lo que hemos alcanzado en materia de Educación Sexual, es el
resultado del desarrollo de las estrategias trazadas por el Proyecto
Social Revolucionario, construido con la participación de todo el
pueblo.
En la exposición se fundamentarán, con resultados de investigaciones,
las anteriores afirmaciones.
CHAFFAI Isabelle - France
Email: isabellechaf fai@liber tysur f.fr
Title: Compulsivité sexuelle et romanticomanie féminine.
Traitement sexologique d’un couple
Mme X 55 ans est venue en consultation pour manque de désir sexuel
envers son mari.
Mme X est insatisfaite de son mari, et manifeste son désarroi par des crises
de colères violentes.
Au cours de l’évaluation sexologique Mme X apparaît une personne qui a
très peu développé sa fonction excitatoire. Peu ou pas de masturbation au
cours de son développement psychosexuel. Son appropriation sensorisex-
uelle est minime. Elle a très peu développé son senti interne. Par ailleurs
son imaginaire semble romantique. Un puissant déséquilibre entre ses
rêves d’amour teintés d’ultra romantisme et sa réalité explicite : anor-
gastie, absence d’appropriation sensorielle, mode excitatoire archaïque.
Les objectifs thérapeutiques. Renforcer la qualité de sa fonction excita-
toire pour permettre d’intégrer son rêve et ses fantasmes à la réalité de son
mari en vue d’améliorer la qualité de sa relation sexuelle avec celui-ci.
M. X 60 ans apparaît comme un homme doux et gentil. Mais il manque
d’intrusivité sexuelle. Plus il veut être gentil, plus elle le repousse. Ce qui
contribue à maintenir son mari à distance car il a peur du rejet. Il ne se sent
ni désiré, ni aimé pour lui-même. Il se sent impuissant à combler les désirs
de sa femme, ce qui le rend dépressif. Cet homme a abandonné toute activ-
ité autoérotique depuis dix ans. Il apparaît peu intrusif par son attitude
introvertie, sa posture corporelle affaissée, son manque d’affirmation ver-
bale. Dans son imaginaire il apparaît peu pénétrant. Ses besoins fusionnels
sont prédominants. Il se sent impuissant devant les reproches et les reven-
dications hostiles de sa partenaire.
Objectif thérapeutique M. X : renforcer la qualité de sa fonction excita-
toire, développer son imaginaire érotique support de l’excitation.
Travailler sa capacité à se sentir homme, se voir pénétrant et acteur dans
son imaginaire, et s’affirmer en apprenant à se positionner lors d’un con-
flit.
35
CHALKER Rebecca - U.S.A.
Email: CRChalker@aol.com
Title: Sexual revolutions from the ice age to the new mil -
lennium
Women in prehistory were revered and worshipped for conceiving and
giving birth, a gift directly linked to their sexuality. Goddess worship
appears to have been universal and sex was the central sacrament of
society, assuring new offspring and a bountiful harvest. Since then, six
distinct sexual revolutions have occurred.
1) The advent of agriculture 10,000 to 6,000 B.C.E., required the owner-
ship of property and male inheritance. War, in which conquered men
were killed and women and children were condemned to sexual sla-
very, became common. Goddesses were demoted to become consorts
of fierce male gods.
2) The early Hebrews stripped women of all rights and defined sex as
shameful; the Greeks imprisoned its citizen women; and Christians
defined the body as corrupt.
3) In the 18th century, menstruation and pregnancy were defined as
pathologies and women’s sexuality was seen as less powerful, pas-
sionate, rewarding than men’s.
4) After WW I, liberal European attitudes towards sex influenced
young adults, while educated young women achieved independence
from the family and a limited sense of sexual agency.
5) In the 1960s mass marketing of the Pill, the media’s discovery of
sexuality, and a distinct youth culture created “the” sexual revolution.
6) A separate, more profound sexual revolution began in the late
1960s, and continues today, largely driven by feminist, lesbian, and
gay activism, new scholarship, the emergence of sexology, and global
social changes. In each revolution, profound changes in how people
viewed and practiced sexuality occurred. This paper will summarize
the salient points of each revolution, and note, in particular, how these
changes impacted women.
CHALKER Rebecca - U.S.A.
Email: CRChalker@aol.com
Title: Bringing the clitoris to modern anatomical standards
In Human Sexual Response (1966), Masters and Johnson described the
clitoris as an organ system homologous to the penis. Using their
description of the clitoris, Mary Jane Sherfey (1966) compared the cli-
toris to the penis and found it be an exact homologue. In A New View
of A Woman’s Body (1981), the Feminist Women’s Health Centers
augmented Sherfey’s description of the clitoral system using Frank H.
Netter’s classic illustrations of the female genitals, as well as 18th and
19th European anatomy studies to redefine the clitoris in accordance
with modern anatomical standards. This presentation details the cli-
toris according to the FFWHC’s definition and compares it to recent
anatomical descriptions. A concise understanding of women’s genital
anatomy can help therapists and medical practitioners deal more effec-
tively with problems associated with genitals sexuality and can help
women themselves understand how sexual response and orgasm occur.
CHANDIRAMANI Radhika - India
Email : tarshi@vsnl.com
Title : No sex please, we’re indian
Sexuality is largely a taboo subject in India and this paper focuses on
sexuality education efforts by TARSHI (Talking About Reproductive
and Sexual Health Issues), a non profit organization in New Delhi.
Based on the vision that all people, whoever they are, have the right to
a life of dignity encompassing their right to sexual well-being, to a
healthy, enjoyable and self-affirming sexuality, TARSHI uses innova-
tive ways to address sexuality education issues. Strategies used include
a telephone helpline, research, advocacy, publications, and sessions in
schools and colleges. This paper will highlight the challenges faced and
lessons learned in trying to address issues of sexuality in a socio-cul-
tural context that emphasizes chastity, machismo, and family honour.
CHANG Soon Bok - Korea
Co-Author: Hyun Chul Kang
Email: csbok@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
Title: Sex related experiences according to assertiveness of
secondary school girls in Korea
The purpose of this study was to explain the function of assertiveness
to prevent unwanted sex related experiences for secondary school girls
in Korea. This was an explorative descriptive study. It was done with
12,733 female subjects from 254 secondary schools in Korea using a
structured questionnaire of 22 items by self-report during the period of
Oct.2-28, 2000. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability,
and a t-Test using the SPSS 10.0 Program.
Results: 6,130 (48.1%) of 12,733 secondary school girls have or have
had boy friends and 506 subjects (8.3%) of 6,130 had experience of
sexual coitus. 302 (59.7%) of 506 had experience of sexual coitus
without contraceptives, and 16 (5.3%) of these 302 experienced preg-
nancy. 204 (40.3%) of 506 had experience of sexual coitus had expe-
rience of sexual coitus with contraceptives, and 27 (13.2%) of these
204 experienced of pregnancy. The self assertiveness score was sig-
nificantly lower in the group who have or have had boyfriends than in
the group who had not (t=2.379, p= .017). In addition the assertiveness
score was significantly lower in the group who had experienced sexual
coitus than the group who had not (t=10.700,p= .000). However, there
was no significant difference between the group who had experienced
sexual coitus without contraceptives vs. with contraceptives, or
between the group who had experience of pregnancy with contracep-
tives or without contraceptives. Therefore, it is concluded that the self
assertiveness is functioning for sexual coitus, but not for using the con-
traceptives in secondary school girls in Korea. It is suggested that fur-
ther study is needed to explore the related factors of self assertiveness
at the situation of using contraceptives.
36
CHAPPELLE Pierre André - France
Co-Authors: E. BURDAIRON, E. CHARTIER-KASTLER, P. DENYS
Email: pier re.denys@rpc.ap-hop-paris.fr ,Inter net
Title: Study of testis vascularization by ultrasound colour
doppler in Spinal Cord Injured patients: relation to level of
the lesion.
In Spinal cord injured male patients infertility may be due to anejacu-
lation but also to the poor quality of sperm. The aim of this study was
to evaluate the relationship between the level of spinal cord lesion and
the vascularization of the testis in chronic traumatic SCI.
Material and method: 30 male patients with clinically complete trau-
matic spinal cord lesion of more than 2 years were enrolled. All of
them were free of history of orchitis and testis surgery. All of them
were clinically assessed by the same examinator to determinate the
upper and lower limit of the lesionnal syndrome. In a blind way color
ultrasound doppler was performed always by the same radiologist.
Colour doppler signal into the testis were tested in two conditions. One
at rest in a basal condition and secondly after a pinch on the controlate-
ral testis. This stimulation is often used to induce sympathetic skin
response in this population of patients.
Results : Basal vascularization of the testis was very poor when patient
had lesion between T10 and S5 and for dynamic response when lesion
was between T10 and L2.
Discussion : There is a relationship between the level of the lesion and
the vascularization of the testis. This level was demonstrated to induce
poor sperm quality. Abnormality of the vascularization can be
involved in this abnormality.
CHARAM Isaac - Brazil
Email: icharam@globo.com
Title: Common cold and rinitis : sexual disfunction induced
by over- the- country oral antihistaminic drugs
1-Objective: to present eight cases of sexual difficulties induced by
otorrinolaringologic oral drugs.
2-Methodology: male patients attended in a private office by a sexo-
logist and psychiatrist. The patients were sent by otorrinolaringolo-
gists. The age was between 27,3 and 48,7 years.
3-Results: there were observed eight cases : six with erectile disfunc-
tion, one case of reduced libido and one case with the associated symp-
tons. The begining of the symptoms occurred between 24 to 96 hours
after the begining of the drug. The sexual complains lasted for 8 days.
The drugs used were:
A) A nasal descongestionant , each capsule contains dromophenirani-
na, maleate (antihistaminic) 6mg and pseudoephedrine sulfate (cont.)
(vasiconstrictor) 120mg.
B) Capsules repetabs containing each 5mg of loratadina (tricicle anti-
histaminic and 120 mg of pseudoephedrina).
C) The patients had common cold and allergic rinites. With the supres-
sion of the two antihistaminic drugs the sexual effects disappeared in
72 hours. The patients were imformed and tranquilazed and did not
receive any medication.
D) Conclusion : Over the country drugs used in the treatment of common
cold and allergic rinitis can induce erectile disfunction and decrease of
the libido.
CHARAM Isaac - Brazil
Email: icharam@globo.com
Title: Sexual semiology: signs and symptons in mood
depression in female
Sexual semiology,the study of sexual signs and signals , is not well
studied in Sexology but it is fundamental for the diagnosis and treat-
ment of sexual disease.We will describe 124 sexual signs and symp-
tons observed in private office in women with mood depression :
1-absence of sexual desire 2-decrease of sexual desire 3-sexual aver-
sion 4- lack of genital response 5-Orgasmic disfunction 6-non-organic
vaginism 7-non-organic dispareunia 8-headaches in coitus 9- headache
post coitus 10- migraine post coitus 11-pain in the breast post coitus
12- great tachicardy during coitus 13-shortness of breath during fore-
plays 14-sweating before coitus 15- emesis post coitus 15-unpleasant
sensations during foreplays 16-numbness sensations in pelvis 17- great
exaustion post coitus 18- unpleasant odor in armpit and vagina due to
poor cleaning
CHARAM Isaac - Brazil
Email: icharam@globo.com
Title: Synthetic and natural drugs of Brazil that can enhance
penile erection or produce priapism
These drugs can produce penile effects regularly, accidentaly or induced
by the patient
1 . A c a n t h u s v i r i l i s 2 . A d r e n o cor t i c o t r o p i n a 3 . A m a n t i d i n a
4.Amenopaegma mirandum 5.Alprostadil 6.Apomorfina 7.Arginina
8.Avena sativa 9.Betanecol 10.Bromocriptina 11.Bupropion 12.Buspirona
13.Ciproheptadina 14.Clomipramina 15.Clorpromazina via oral
16.Clor p o r m a z i n a v i a u r e t r a l 1 7 . C l o z a p i n a 1 8 . D - a n f e t a m i n a
19.Deprenyl 20.Diazepan 21.Diniprostona 22.Fenelzina 23.Fenitoina
24.Fenfluramina 25.Fentolamina 26.Fenoxi benzamida 27.Flufenazina
28.Fluoxetina 29.Fluparoxan 30.Ginko biloba 31.Ginseng
32.Haloperidol 33.Hidroxizina 34.Hidroxilamina 35.Idoxazan
36.Ioimbina 37.Isoxsiprina 38.L-dopa 39.Linsidomina
40.Lepidum meyenii 41.Metanfetamina 42.Minoxidil 43.Moxisilito
44.Naltrexona 45.Nitroglicerina 46. Nitroprussionato desódio
47.Nomifensina 48.Oxído nitrico 49.Oxitocina 50.Papaverina
51.Pemolina 52.Pentoxifilina 53.Peptídeo relacionado com gen da cal-
citonina 54.Perfenazina 55.Pergolida 56.Piléia microphylla 57.
Poliptídeo intestinal vasoativo 58.Promazina 59.Prostaglandina
60.Ptychopetalon olacoides 61.Sildenafil62.Tioridazina 63.Trazodona
64.Turnera afrodisiaca 65.Vernonia cognata 66.Zinco
37
CHARTERS Shona - Australia
Co-Author: Dale Symons
Email : education@fpq.asn.au
Title: Sexuality education in Queensland
Objectives: on reading the poster teachers will :
• Have enhanced awareness of the range of resources available to them
for use in schools ;
• Understand the support network FPQ provides throughout
Queensland and its demography ;
• Have enhanced awareness of FPQ’s commitment to equity and
access of resources in Queensland
Content: The poster (A1 size) is laid out in easy to read sections
addressing the following :
• The issues of students living out of the metropolitan area having
access to quality sexuality education ;
• The demographics of the population of Queensland and the physical
constraints placed on accessing FPQ staff and clinics ;
• The range of resources produced by FPQ, designed to assist teachers
in the delivery of quality, comprehensive sexuality education regard-
less of where in the state they may be ;
• The extent to which FPQ staff are able to provide sexuality education
for students in the state of Queensland
The poster is designed to be eye catching and self explanatory and to
raise awareness in schools of the range of services FPQ has to offer.
CHARVIER Kathleen - France
Co-Authors: COURTOIS F., MATHIEU C., EYSSETTE M.,
BÉLANGER M.
Email : laur ence.tell@chu-lyon.fr
Title : Orgasmic function in spinal cord injured men
Physiologic parameters associated with subjective orgasm were
recorded in five tetraplegic men and compared to five controls during
sexual stimulation (masturbation and film) to orgasm. Characteristic
variations of the bulbocavernosus and abdominal muscles were
recorded in both groups as increases in amplitude and intensity to
orgasm. Changes in heart rate varied from 65 beats/min before orgasm,
to 45 at orgasm, 48 2min post-orgasm and 55 4min post-orgasm in
tetraplegics, against 75 beats/min before orgasm, 112 at orgasm, 61
2min post and 79 4min post-orgasm in controls. Systolic pressure
changed from 96 before orgasm, to 143 at orgasm, 136 2min post and
132 4min post-orgasm in tetraplegics, against 124 before and 144 at
orgasm, 127 2min and 126 4min post-orgasm in controls. Diastolic
pressure varied from 61 before and 93 at orgasm, 88 2min post and 84
4min post-orgasm in men, against 77 before and 79 at orgasm, 76 2min
post and 74 4min post-orgasm in controls. Latency to achieve orgasm
was of 2,4min for tetraplegics against 7,7min for controls. Physiologic
changes are therefore present in both groups with decreases in heart
rate and much shorter latency for tetraplegics compared to controls.
CHAS RODRIGUEZ Maria Dolores - Spain
Co-Authors: DIZ COELLO M.-C., SUEIRO DOMINGUEZ E.
Email: conchidiz@er esmas.com
Title: Differences in the knowledge of risks according to sex
Objective: Getting information about sexual knowledge in youths and contrast
differences according to sex.
Materials and method: Transversal descriptive study made on 312 subjects
belonging to several Cultural Associations in Vigo (Spain) in the year 2000.
The population was given a questionnaire containing 17 items. The aim was to
investigate the level of information on sexually transmitted diseases (particu-
larly AIDS) and contraceptive methods. Data were analysed by the SPSS pro-
gram yielding important percentage differences depending on sex.
Results: The subjects average age was 18.54 with a typical deviation of 5.47.
58.7% of the sample were women and 41.3% were men. The obtained results
are the following: the items with the highest percentage of right answers are :
5 (Hiv acts mainly upon our immune system, 96.72 %women, 96.9% men), 14
(anybody can be infected with hiv,95.08% women, 95.3% men) ; the items
with the lowest percentage of right answers are : 4 (The use of the condom is
the best way to avoid pregnancy, 31.14% women, 27.9% men), 16 (The pill of
the “morning after” is only efficient if you take it immediately after you have
had a coitus and you find that the condom got broken after ejaculation took
place within the vagina, 38.8% women, 45.7% men).There are significant dif-
ferences depending on sex (p (.05) in items : 1 (HIVcannot be transmitted to
you if you share a needle (T=- 4.136; P= .000),7 (The Ogino method, if it is
used correctly, can be as effective as the contraceptive pill (T= -2.102; P=
.036), 11(The pill is the best method when you have regular sexual relation-
ship with the same person (T= -2.020; P= .044) and 12 (the pill is a contra-
ceptive method which is used only at the time when you are going to have an
act of sexual intercourse (T= -3.506; P= .000).
Conclusion: The subjects analysed present important deficiencies as far as the
knowledge of contraceptive methods is concerned (items 4,7,13,16) and also
in the ways in which AIDS can be transmitted (items 1,15) thus the necessity
of Programmes of Sexual Education.
CHAS RODRIGUEZ Maria Dolores - Spain
Co-Authors: DIZ COELLO M. C., SUEIRO DOMINGUEZ E.
Email: conchidiz@er esmas.com
Title: young people´s attitudes towards sexuality .
Objective: To know about differences in sex in young people´s atti-
tudes towards sexuality.
Material y method: Transversal and descriptive study made on 183
women and 129 men from the city of Vigo (Spain) in the year 2000.
The “Scale of Attitudes towards Sexuality” (Fisher and Hall ,1988;
adapted and enlarged by F. López) was given to all subjects in the sam-
ple. Data are analysed with the help of SPSS/PC.
Results: The subject´s average age is 18.54, 58.7 of them being
women. The average score of women in the “Scale of Attitudes
towards Sexuality” is 110.138 with a typical deviation of 12.76 ,
whereas the average score for the men is 109.8837 with a typical devi-
ation of 14.71. The differences according to sex are not significant
(T= 0.141; p= .888). Women show a higher degree of erotophilia in
item (Information on contraceptive methods should always be given to
everyone who is going to have sexual relationships for the first time),
ítem 15 (Sexual education is just as necessary in the family as it is at
school) e ítem 18 (Sexual education is dangerous); where as men are
erotophilic in ítem 1 (Nudist places should be declared illegal), ítem 14
(The intercouse should only take place when the couple is married)
and ítem 18. On the other hand both men and women are equally ero-
tophilic in items: 4 Couples younger than 18 going to family planning
centers to get some king of contraceptives should always be informed
about them), 6 (Prostitution should be legalized) and in item 26 (Most
young people have a responsible attitude).
Conclusions: Sex and attitude are determining factors for behaviour so
we should take them into account in every sexually-affective pro-
gramme to be carried out in educative or social and sanitary contexts.
38
CHAS RODRIGUEZ Maria Dolores - Spain
Co-Authors: DIZ COELLO M.-C., SUEIRO DOMINGUEZ E.
Email: conchidiz@er esmas.com
Title: Sexuals behaviour in men and women
Objective: To get information about sexual behaviour in young males and
females.
Material and method: Cross-descriptive study made on a sample of 329 sub-
jects from the rural areas of Vigo (Spain)in the year 2000. The subjects in the
sample were given a questionnaire the aim of which was to get information
about the Kind of sexual practices and contraceptive measures among young
people both male and female. Data were analysed with the help of the SPSS
programme, obtaining significant differences as far as frequency and percent-
ages according to the sexes.
Results: The subject´s average age was 18.54, 183 of which were women.
According to the results, 22.4% of women masturbated between 1 to 3 times a
month, most of them with ages between 13-16. It is similarly observed that a
68.3% have already started having sexual practices with another person,
40.8% have had coitus with the same partner, and the percentage is reduced to
2.4% in the case of coitus with different partners. As far as the age in which
they start having sexual relationships with coitus we can fix it, according to the
results, between 17 y 18 years of age having used some kind of contraceptive
method in their first coitus in a 100 % of the cases, the condom being the one
most widely used (68% of women). According to the results, 67.4% of men
masturbated between 1 to 3 times a week and particuarlly between the ages 13
to 16. It is observed that 67.4% of men have already began having sexual
activity with a partner, 66.7% of them involving coitus with the same person
and 18.4% with more than one. As far as the age of initiation in coitus we can
fix it in between 17 and 18 years of age, 98.3% of them having used some con-
traceptive method, this being the condom in the 82.8% in men.
Conclusions: We find significant differences (p( .05) as far as sexual behaviour
between men and women in the rural areas of Galicia (Spain).
CHATTON Dominique - Switzerland
Email: Dominique.Chatton@hcuge.ch
Title: Gender identity trouble and sexual desir e
Sexual desire by patients suffering of gender identity trouble is pecu-
liar. Its investigation may show a confusion both by patients and some-
times therapists. We will show that this so called sexual desire is much
more a response to fusionnel needs with the other, his gender being not
so important. We think that such a patient is able to modify his gender
perception by modifying his relation with the body, in a
separation/individuation process. He will have to experiment sexual
excitation in an engaged manner on the sensorial, cognitive and affec-
tive level. Doing that, an authentically sexual desire is able to emerge.
We will present a case where such an evolution is illustrated by a
young women asking for evaluation of a possible transsexualism, soon
after separation with her former girlfriend.
CHATTON Dominique - Switzerland
Email: Dominique.Chatton@hcuge.ch
Title: Retrospective study of a population of 98 women ask -
ing for late termination of pregnancy for psychiatric rea -
sons a the Maternity of Geneva
We have studied a casuistic of 98 patients which where examined by a
psychiatrist because of their demand for late termination of pregnancy
at the Maternity of Geneva, from 28th January 1988 to 19th May 1999,
through psychiatric report and medical diary of gynaecology-obstet-
rics. Some characteristics of this population, like origin and religion,
are described and compared to the general population. We show that
non-European women, mostly African, are over-represented in our
population, the same is true for non-Catholic women. Contrary to what
is described in literature, there were very few teenage women in our
population. The mean gestational age was higher for women with no
professional activity, the non-Catholic, the students, and those who
had more than 35 days between their knowing of pregnancy and their
demand for I.V.G. (which is quite obvious !) and, limit for signifi-
cance, those who had a stable relationship or at the opposite those who
had no relationship with the father.
CHAUMERON Jacques - France
Email: cab.chaumer on@interpc.fr
Title: “Ces désirs de famille - Propos sur l’homoparentalité”
It is talked about. Society is in evolution and recomposes couples and
families. Science is in progress and reinvent generation. Questioning
family relationship in its relation with eroticism, requires not to dis-
card new schemes. Other families than the traditional ones (father-
mother-child) exist and their reality is far from anecdotal. In this field,
over the last years, politicians emphasize homosexual couples through
debates about PACS. The virulence of some arguments underlined the
concern and even the fear that this legal recognition leads to validate
the rising requirement of an adoption right for these couples. New cou-
ples, new family relationships. It was forgotten that they are already
thousands who feel as parents in their daily life of homoerotic couple.
The actuality has fostered the philosophical, anthropological, psycho-
logical and legislative thought about these new families. This thought
is still open, questioning filiation and family relationship as well. Our
intention is less to add a voice in this debate already well provided,
than to illustrate from clinical vignettes the stigmatising character of
the daily social discourse about these desires for family.
39
CHAVES Gilberto - Brazil
Email: gc@rio.com.br
Title: Embarazo en la adolescencia y educación sexual
Con base de datos en el censo demográfico del Instituto Brasileiro de
Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 1991) se desarrollo el interes por el
analisis del perfil psicosocial de adolescentes embarazadas en la
Unidade Auxiliar em Cuidados Primários de Saúde (UACPS) Dr. Maia
Bittencourt, en Guaratiba/Rj, BRASIL.
El instrumento para el levantamiento de los datos fue utilizado un 30%
en un total de 157 adolescentes embarazadas, atendidas en el periodo
compreendido entre junio/98 y mayo/00 y el analisis corresponde a la
mayor concentración de valores obtenidos despreciándose, en algunos
casos, a X.
CHERMAN Sheiva Kf. - Brazil
Email: isis3@uol.com.br
Title: Precocious ejaculation - symptom or myth?
This statistical abstract is result of a 15 year research in my private
clinic, with 719 patients with erectile dysfunctions. From the 719 ones,
510 (72%) were Impotent, from which 453 (87%) had presented pre-
viously, Precocious Ejaculation, and 199 (28%) only with Precocious
Ejaculation. Thus the importance and the value of this work. I have
made up a questionnaire with 19 questions, with the following evalua-
tion criterions; “yes”, “no”, “important”, “utmost important”, “poorly
important”, “never thought about that”, “not important at all”. I have
divided the cases by age-level: young 50 patients- (7%); young adults:
122 (17%); adults: 223 (31%); mature adults -310 (43%); older people
-14 (2%). The contemporary man’s greatest sexual concern is his erec-
tion, its emergence and the time of sustaining before and during the
penetration. Today’s liberated woman has made the man unstable,
making him insecure on sex and out of sex. We, westerns, have inheri-
ted from the Jewish-Christian religion the culture of the phallus : erect
penis - synonym of power added to the ideal sex’s concept: intra-vagi-
nal position, with the man over the women (manhood supremacy ) cul-
minating in the partners’simultaneously orgasm. This is very pleasant,
but very few ones do reach it. It is known that the female reaches the
orgasm more easier and quicker with chlitorian stimulation in the pre-
liminaries. The first and most important data is that “H.W.O.” did not
created any criterion of time in what concerns the sustaining of erec-
tion, neither before, nor during the penetration. In the lonely mastur-
bation, without a female partner does not evaluate the performance,
100% did not worry about the criterion time. Sex should not be a stage
with skilled competitors trying to prove who it is the best on the bed,
or a contest of who has more orgasms, but a space to live sponta-
neously the Libido and the Pleasure, where the important is to promote
orgasms one to another, free from the concomitance of positions and
of the simultaneously of the criterio of time.
CHERMAN Sheiva Kf. - Brazil
Email: isis3@uol.com.br
Title: The liberated woman X sexual dysfunctions X pleasure
This abstract aims to reach the current woman, who faces professio-
nally and socially her daily life equal like to a man, added the homely
and family tasks, and the collection that she be always healthily attrac-
tive and desirable. I offer to this current woman, with syndrome of
overloading, a list with 19 basic behaviors of self-confidence, provi-
ding the methods on how can that be achieved. For such, I inquire
through the introduction of 10 items, which are the behaviors that
define a liberated woman. After 21 years practicing general clinic and
sexual therapies in women, men and couples, with sexual dysfunc-
tions, I have concluded that there is not such liberated woman, but an
economically emancipated woman. That is because all of them wish to
have a partner to divide and to share not only their sexuality but also
their all existence. I analyzed the feminine sexuality “culture”, since
the past up to nowadays, approaching in a general manner, the myths
and taboos to be reconsidered. On the practice of the masturbation, I
approach 7 taboos in women, to be throw down for they are fake. I
make an analysis with 11. topics, demonstrating and comparing this
practice to the masculine culture, in which this behavior not only is
allowed but also stimulated since childhood, contrary to girls. I intro-
duce and demonstrate 14 advantages for those who when defeat their
prejudices, may make use of this practice, under a healthy and pleasant
way. I offer a prescription for feminine sexual fulfillment, to awake, in
a healthy and pleasant mood, the female who lies asleep inside each
woman. This is because each woman is unique, so, she has the right to
elect how to discover and enjoy her sexual-affective body.
- trust and as this it can be reached.
CHEROBIM Mauro - Brazil
Email: cherobim@uol.com.br
Title: Consultation’s letters
Old master was the nickname of a sexagenary man, that I knew, when
I developed a research about circulation of sexual values in
“Pornographyc Movements” and their relations with sexual moral.
Contacts, informations changes etc were made by sexual or pornogra-
phyc magazines.
The old master, announced and ministred trainings to women under 39
years old. He teached them, how move and control their vaginal mus-
culature. He called this ability “Pompoar”.
He trained women from medium and high social classes, included aca-
demics. Half of them, trained with the old master personally and the
others, with their husbands. Half of these husbands made a point being
present to the trainies, called “intimate” by the old master.
By personal reasons, old master deserted this activity, but he left to me
his correspondence about this, after disguised women identifications.
These correspondence bring up interesting and significant informa-
tions about sexual relationships and the “ways” to get sexual perform-
ance intensely.
The correspondence shows how this man (old master) acted as an
agent modificatory in these relationships, I called him “parasexolo-
gist”, because he wasn’t an specialist in sexology.
40
CHEVRET-MEASSON Marie - France
Email: marie.measson.chevr et@mageos.com
marimeach@9online.fr
Title: ED and couple conflicts
The search for the correct indication is contingent on several factors that are
independent of the pharmacological ability to create penile rigidity alone. ED
in most cases is a couple’s problem, and its evaluation and treatment should be
thought of in that way by both the patient and the physician. Performance anx-
iety is a final pathway in most forms of “organic”, “psychogenic” E.D.Alot of
men with sexual problems refer to a professional when the disintegration of
the relationship becomes an obvious fact. Firstly it is necessary to evaluate the
quality of relationship, the extend of exchange of affection, the loss of self
esteem, the deterioration of mental health, the panic about sexual decline, the
failure to overcome another dysfunction of both partners. Secondly the
answers of each partner are a good “indicator” determining the therapy should
proceed. Acceptance and success of medical treatment depend largely upon the
patient and partner ’s expectations. The therapists will also aware us to detect
causes of unsuccessful treatments: unrealistic expectations ,misunderstandings
on the part of each partner (fears of the woman to lose her husband after cur-
ing),shame of the woman with her orgasm disturbances, her prejudices against
clitoral stimulation and another unresolved deeper conflicts (like conflict
about money, family’s partner, education) or unclear communication. If the
E.D. is a primary disorder, and the couple is recent individual psychoanalytic
therapy can be a good indication because we found oedipal conflicts in many
cases. Individual psychotherapy is indicated in the case where the man has a
poor self esteem and his partner devaluate him with humiliating behaviors. An
behavioral therapy to assert himself is the first indication and the pharmaco-
logical treatment can be employed parallel or successive. When the two part-
ners have the goal to change it is possible to indicate couple therapy. The cou-
ple conflicts are a good indication to integrative behavioral couple therapy
with combining strategies for fostering emotional acceptance with the change-
oriented strategies of traditional couple therapy. These new developments
intended to enhance the efficiency of the approach. The change in couple’s
interactions to promote greater relationship satisfaction is the goal.
CHILAND Colette - France
Email: NC
Title: Issues raised by transsexualism
In spite of its low prevalence, transsexualism raises important
issues:
- clinical: the persons who seek a hormono-surgical sex reassignment
differ very much one from another ;
- etiopathogenic: before so severe a disorder, some ones cannot help
thinking that the etiology cannot be nothing but organic, though there
is no evidence up to now ; the treatment of young children and their
families let think that, even if organic factors were present, they
would interact with environmental factors ;
- therapeutical: there is a clear cut opposition between those who con-
sider that hormono-surgical sex reassignment is “the treatment” of
transsexualism, at least in certain cases, with varying criteria, and
those who consider it is only a palliative treatment, if ever a treat-
ment, and a crazy answer to a crazy demand ; what could be the place
of psychotherapy ;
- legal : when can a change of civil status take place ;
- familial : what the spouse is experiencing, and chiefly the children,
whom are not taken into consideration ;
- cultural : transsexualism is a product of our culture, which combines
technical abilities and an emphasis on the rights of the individual ;
should the patients’ suffering allows to proclaim that everybody is
free to choose one’s sex ; in fact, reassignment changes one’s appea-
rance and one’s civil status (if allowed), but not the sex ; should we
consider “transgenderism” where a person could change one’s gen-
der without bodily mayhem ?
CHOI Hynug Ki - Korea
Co-Authors: LEE W. H., CHOI Y. J., KANG K. H.
Email: woonghlee@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
Title: “SS-Penogram” - new diagnostic test for erectile dys -
function
Sildenafil citrate(Viagra) has revolutionized the treatment of erectile
dysfunction with the reported success rate of 72 to 95%, based on the
subjective self-reported results, and objective studies are not yet avai-
lable on the results of sildenafil. Thus we have developed a non-inva-
sive, physiologic study using radioisotope, SS(Sexual stimulation)
Penogram to investigate the natural erotic physiologic erectile process
and its change after administration of sildenafil.
We performed 256 SS-penograms in patients with documented erectile
dysfunction of more than 6 months. The type was analyzed according
to the previous reported method, that is type I consisted of 5 minutes
or more peak erectile response with induction period of 1 to 6 minutes.
type II-A(impossible type) was defined as less than 2 times the basal
penile radioactivity after sexual stimulation, type II-B(unstable type)
with less than 5 minutes of peak erectile response, and type II-C
(delayed type) was defined as delay of more than 15 minutes after start
of sexual stimulation. And the responses after sildenafil were catego-
rized into 1) Excellent response group (138 patients - 53.9%), 2) Good
response group (58 patients - 22.6%), 3) Borderline group (35 patients
- 13.7%), 4) Non-response group (25 patients - 9.8%).
In conclusion, SS-penogram can be used to accurately evaluate the
natural erectile status both sexual and pharmacologic stimulation and
it offers most objective erectile response after any therapeutic trial,
thus primary challenge by any remedies of erectile dysfunction can be
of great help before determining optimal treatment.
CHOI Huing Ki - Korea
Co-Authors: KIM J. K., CHOI Y. J.
Email: woonghlee@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
Title: The combination effect of sildenafil (Viagra) and SS-
cream in patients with erectile dysfunction and prematur e
ejaculation
We investigated the combined clinical efficacy of SS-cream and silde-
nafil in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejacula-
tion (PE).
A total of 36 patients with ED and concomitant PE were administered
with sildenafil for 2 weeks and then sildenafil plus SS-cream for 2
weeks. Sexual function was measured before and after therapy using
an abbreviated version of the International Index of Erectile Function-
5 (IIEF-5).
Mean score of IIEF-5 was 10.2±4.1 at baseline, 18.4±5.6 after treat-
ment with sildenafil and 22.2±2.8 after treatment with sildenafil and
SS-cream, respectively. Mean score of each category for sexual func-
tion, that is, overall satisfaction, orgasmic function, erectile function,
intercourse satisfaction was 1.2±0.4, 1.4±0.4, 2.8±0.9, 1.2±0.4 at base-
line, 4.1±0.6, 3.9±0.6, 8.4±1.6, 3.8±0.6 after treatment with sildenafil,
and 4.5±0.8, 4.2±0.8, 9.2±0.8, 4.5±0.8 after treatment with sildenafil
and SS-cream, respectively. Patient satisfaction was significantly high-
er after sildenafil and SS-cream administration compared to sildanefil
alone (80.5%).
In conclusion, the combination of sildenafil and SS-cream is more
effective in patients with ED and PE compared to sildanefil alone.
41
CHOPIN Marie-Josephe - France
Email: mijochopin@hotmail.com
Title: Love and sexuality
Sexuality is no doubt the greatest discovery of life. What is the purpose
of sexuality ? As with animal mating, human coupling enables female
fertilization and thus ensures the continuation of the species. At the
same time, the practice of sexuality offers both men and women the
opportunity to experience a privileged relationship based on love. But
is it easy to achieve ?
The practice of sexuality most often presents enormous difficulties to
human development from puberty onwards lasting for a number of
years as well. Is sexuality an obstacle to the culmination of the deve-
lopment of intelligence and sensitivity, or rather could it be the perfect
path made available to the majority towards this culmination ?
May we suggest some explanations to enlighten this major subject ?
This the subbject of our paper today.
CHRISTIANSEN Mats - Sweden
Email : mchrist@chello.se
Title : Brachioproctic eroticism (FF) in two Scandinavian countries
Background : very little is published on brachioproctic eroticism/fist-
ing (FF) from a subject point of view.
Method : a questionnaire was distributed at two Scandinavian leather-
bars on nights dedicated to FF a handful were also distributed via the
Internet.
Results : completed questionnaires were received from 42 respondents
and provided both quantitative and qualitative data.
The men had been "out" as gay men in 15.7 years, involved in FF for
6.2 years, but the ideation FF started 9.0 years ago. The practice of fist-
ing the subjects reported today happened for 33.3 % with their steady
partner, 39.2 % had it with casual partners, and 27.5 % had it with part-
ners with whom they just had fisting contacts. During the last twelve
months the subjects reported 19.2 fisting contacts (SD 17.99, range 0-
75, Md.12). The sexual satisfaction in FF could be described in six dif-
ferent categories. The world is largest cock, the total experience, the
senses, overcome oneself, and dominance and submission. Very few of
the informants reported any form for problems relating to the FF. The
problems reported were fissures or minor bleedings from the anus or
rectum(n=8) and one individual reported to have contracted hepatitis
(unknown which type).
CHTOUROU Maher - Tunisia
Co-Authors : REKIK H., SALLAMI S., MILADI M., KBAIER I.,
HORCHANI A.
Email: maher_chtour ou@naplesnews.com
Title: Dysfonction erectile et adenome prostatique
Objectifs : Le but de cette étude est de déterminer une corrélation entre
sévérité des troubles mictionnels et incidence des troubles érectiles chez les
patients porteurs d’une hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate (HBP) symptoma-
tique non compliquée.
Matériels et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude prospective réalisée entre juin
2000 et mars 2001. Au total, 228 malades consultant pour une HBPnon com-
pliquée ont été interrogés sur leurs antécédents pathologiques, le début et
l’évolution des troubles mictionnels et sexuels. L’évaluation des troubles mic-
tionnels a été basée sur les scores IPSS et Qdv, celle des troubles sexuels par
le score Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS).Tous ces malades ont
bénéficié d’un examen physique complet, d’une débimétrie mictionnelle et
d’une échographie vésico-prostatique.
Résultats : L’âge moyen des patients est de 66 ans (42 - 90). Les malades ont
été divisés en deux groupes selon la sévérité de la gène mictionnelle :
Groupe I: troubles urinaires sévères: IPSS > 25 et/ou Qdv < 4, Qmax < 10: 121
patients.
Groupe II : troubles urinaires modérés: IPSS < 25 et Qdv > 4 : 107 patients.
Les deux groupes sont comparables de point de vue âge, antécédents
pathologiques et durée de la symptomatologie urinaire. L’étude statistique de
ces deux groupes utilisant le test de X2 montre une corrélation statistiquement
significative (p < 0,05 ) entre la sévérité des troubles mictionnels et l’impor-
tance des troubles sexuels ( 81% pour le groupe I versus 43% pour le groupe
II). 67 % des malades ayant des troubles sexuels, présentent une diminution du
libido (question 6 et 9) ainsi qu’une insatisfaction de leur(s) partenaire(s)
(question 8).
Conclusion : Il existe une corrélation entre la sévérité des troubles mictionnels
et l’importance des troubles sexuels chez les malades porteurs d’une HBP
symptomatique et non compliquée.
CHTOUROU Maher - Tunisia
Co-Authors: SALLAMI S., REKIK H., NOUIRA Y.,
ATTYAOUI F., HORCHANI A.
Email: maher_chtour ou@naplesnews.com
Title: Psychological and sexual implications of genitouri -
nary cancers
Introduction: Many epidemiological factors contribute to erectile dysfunction
(ED). The objective of the present study is to determin the psychological
impact of urinary neoplasms on male sexual function.
Methods: 67 male patients having urinary malignant tumor (kidney, ureter,
bladder, prostate and testis), were asked about their sexual health before treat-
ment. With the help of a doctor they responded to the international index of
erectile function (IIEF) questionnaire that investigates five domains: erectile
function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction and the
overall satisfaction. The mean age is 56 years old (31 - 66). The patients were
divided into two groups:
Group 1: those who could get and keep a normal erection.
Group 2: those who have erectile dysfunction.
Results: The frequency of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia was the
same in each group.
Statistical analysis were performed using Chi square test, the statistical signi-
ficance was set at p < 0,05. Malignant tumors of the lower urinary tract (blad-
der, testis, prostate) were associated with significant decrease score for erec-
tile function (p < 0,05 ). Sexual desire and intercourse satisfaction are the two
most affected domains ( 72% of cases). Many causes were revealed as painful
sexual intercourse, refuse of the partner and fear of disease transmission.
Considering only the persistence of nocturnal erections, there was no signifi-
cant statistical difference between the two groups. There is no influence on
sexual dysfunction in patients having upper urinary tract neoplasms.
Conclusion: The psychological factors are the common causes of the erectile
dysfunction in male patients who have a lower urinary tract malignant tumors.
42
CHTOUROU Maher - Tunisia
Co-Authors: REKIK H., SALLAMI S., KBAIER I., ATTYAOUI F.,
HORCHANI A.
Email: maher_chtour ou@naplesnews.com
Title: The influence of sexual activity on prevalance of pros -
tatism
Introduction: the aim of this study is to determin the influence of the
sexual history on the prevalence of symptomatic BPH.
Methods: In the present study, 110 male patients consulting for any
pathology were asked about their sexual health. All of them were
asked about their medical history, age of circumcision , age of mar-
riage, number of parteners and the frequency of sexual intercourse All
the data of the international index of erectile function (IIEF) were
determined so was the prostate size and the uroflow.
Results: The mean age was 66 years old (57; 91). Patients with
obstructif urinary symptoms du to a probable BPH ( 37 patients) were
compared to those who dont have any obstructif urinary problems (73
patients). The two groups are statistically similar concerning the age,
the medical history and the education level. Statistical analysis based
on Chi-square test with a significance value of (p < 0,005) , find :
- A significant difference between the average of sexual intercourses /
week ( 0,02 < p < 0,05 ).
- A significant inversed correlation between the frequency of sexual inter-
cource and the prevalence of urinary obstructif symptoms (p < 0,05).
A high but not statistically significant difference between the number
of parteners.
Conclusion: The frequency of sexual intercourse seems to be a protec-
tif factor against prostatic urinary obstruction. A large researsh is
required to confirm sush constatations.
CHUDAKOV B. - Israel
Co-Authors: NEMETS B., TELESNICK B., LEVINE J.,
BELMAKER R. H.
Email: belmaker@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
Title: Inositol treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Inositol is a simple polyol precursor in important brain second mes-
senger systems used by serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. Inositol has been
reported in double-blind clinical trials to be therapeutically effective in
depression, panic, OCD and bulimia nervosia. The spectrum parallels
that of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Since SSRI’s
are effective in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), we decided
on a trial of inositol in PMDD. Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for
PMDD with no serious physical illness or current medication treat-
ment and with regular menstrual cycles are accepted for study. Patients
are given inositol 6 gm twice daily in juice or glucose placebo. The
medication is administered beginning 2 weeks before the expected
menstrual period until the onset of menses. The study lasts 6 months
for each patient and each patient is allocated in an alternating fashion
to two weeks on inositol or two weeks on placebo. Patients are evalua-
ted before and after each two-week treatment phase, with Hamilton
Depression Scale, Self-Rating Scale fro PMDD and Rating Scale for
Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Analog Scale for PMDD, and CGI.
Twelve patients are currently in the study. Results will be reported.
CHUDAKOV B. - Israel
Co-Authors: CWIKEL J., ILAN K., BELMAKER R. H.
Email: belmaker@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
Title: Survey of prostitution in Israel
Advertisements for sexual services in daily newspapers in Israel have
increased to the point where several pages are filled in each weekend
paper, suggesting a major social phenomenon. The health, psycholo-
gical and social implications are not clear. We have begun a systema-
tic interview survey of commercial sex workers in Israel based on psy-
chiatric, sociological and sexological approaches. Twenty workers
have been interviewed so far and a sample of 100 is planned. Results
on motivation, health status, condom use, and degree of voluntary par-
ticipation in the profession will be reported.
CHUNG Tony - China
Email: tonychung@cuhk.edu.hk
Tittle: Sexuality and quality of life in Chinese post-
menopausal women
Background: Little is known about sexuality and quality of life in
Hong Kong postmenopausal women
Methods: A prospective interview study
Subjects: 207 postmenopausal Chinese women were interviewed with
GHQ and Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory
Results: Significant positive correlation between sexual drive and
experience, sexual satisfaction and family income and negative corre-
lation between age and sexual satisfaction. No correlation between
GHQ and sexual drive, global sexual satisfaction or experience.
Conclusion: sexuality and quality of lofe does not seem to be correla-
ted instudy subjects
43
COATES Rosemary - Australia
Email: coatesr@info.cur tin.edu.au
Title: A three dimensional model of human sexual response
The model devised by Masters and Johnson (1966) to illustrate the
human sexual response cycle (SRC) presents only the physiological
aspects of genital stimulation. Human beings are complex and there is
a wide variety of triggers for sexual arousal, reasons for engaging in
sexual activity and the way in which individuals respond and acknow-
ledge their sexuality. In an attempt to include psychological and social
dimensions into the SRC a three dimensional model has been deve-
loped. The purpose of the model is to provide terminology that will
serve to remind us that human beings are not solely physiological enti-
ties with reflex responses. The model also provides a foundation for a
taxonomy of sexual behaviours.
COHEN Claudio - Brazil
Co-Author: G. J. GOBBETTI
Email: ceiof@uol.com.br
Title: Characterization of sexual abuse intrafamiliar
through data elaborated in CEARAS
Although it is difficult to have a estimate of incest cases, it is noticed
mainly inside that many studies send to the fact of the majority of the
cases of sexual abuse told to occur with next and known people, of the
proper family. The present study it has as objective to extend the
understanding on the intrafamiliar sexual abuse, aiming at the com-
ment of as this type of relation occurs. The used sample the patients
taken care of in the CEARAS (Center of Relative Studies and
Attendance to the Sexual Abuse - College of Medicine of the USP) in
the period of June of 1993 had been the handbook data of all the
December of 1999. The CEARAS is an attendance job the incestuous
families whom a judicial denunciation of intrafamiliar sexual abuse
has and the gotten data mention it: degree of kindred directly enters the
involved people in the sexual relation, type of incestuous relation,
duration of the relation and by who the denunciation was made.
Beyond the presented quantitative evaluation in tables, a qualitative
evaluation of these data was made, since the same ones could have
been interpreted by the authors who possess the clinical experience of
attendance of these families. Some features pointed in this work: lack
of physical marks, extensive duration of the relationships and conse-
quent difficulty of denunciation. These suggest the involvement of all
the family in incestuous relations e, therefore, the handling possibility
must be focused in the attention to the family and not only in the pair
victim-aggressor.
COHEN Claudio - Brazil
Co-Author: G. J. Gobbetti
Email: ceiof@uol.com.br
Title: Practical in medical and justice skill in the sexual
crimes: a proposal of psicobiológical analysis
Being about subjective concepts as sexuality and violence, we verify
the difficulty in if classifying the manifestations of the abusive sexual-
ity and understanding them under the points of view of the Health and
Justice. The present study it has the intention to make this reflection
with the purpose to integrate implicit the objective and subjective
questions in the sexual abuse. To reach these objectives, we use the
analysis of data of handbooks of the Legal Medical Institute of
Osasco- SPof all the people who had suffered sexual abuse in this city
and had made the judicial denunciation enter the years of 1982 and
1989, totalizing 2377 expert reports. The analysis focused the charac-
terization of the victim (age, sex, color, been civil, etc...) and of the
type of perpetrated sexual abuse (verbal, anal, vaginal relation sexual,
etc...). It was verified that the great concern of the medical skill in clas-
sifying the objective features of the sexual relation, besides being inef-
ficient for the practical difficulty in if characterizing it, does not con-
tribute in the evaluation of the complexity of the violence, that not
only involves the physical marks, that are more easy to be cured, but,
mainly, the emotional marks, that present greater difficulty of com-
ment and handling.
COLEMAN Eli (WAS) - USA
Co-Chair: A. MARTIN HILBERG (WHO)
Email : colem001@tc.umn.edu
Title : What is a sexually healthy society?
In 1975, the World Health Organization (WHO) produced a document
Education and Treatment in Human Sexuality: The Training of Health
Professionals. This historic document paved the way for improved
training of health professionals to provide necessary sexual education,
counseling and therapy. In this document, basic definitions of sexuali-
ty and sexual health were articulated and used throughout this last quar-
ter century. It also served as a stimulus for the development of the field
of sexology and sexual resources centers throughout the world. Since
the publication of the document, many developments have occurred in
the field of human sexuality and other related fields of knowledge.
These developments have enriched our understanding and awareness of
the complexity of the sexual education, counseling and treatment.
Research has identified approaches and interventions that are effective,
and those that are not. The emergence of new problems, notably the
HIV/AIDS pandemic, has raised our awareness of current urgent needs
for enhanced sexuality training and a much more concerted and com-
prehensive approach to addressing sexuality problems. However,
developing a strategy for the promotion of sexually healthy societies
calls for revisiting basic definitions of sex, sexuality and sexual health.
This past year, the Pan American Health Organization of the WHO in
collaboration with the World Association for Sexology (WAS) revised
the 1975 document from the perspective of the Americas. This sympo-
sium will address the perspectives of sexuality and sexual health from
such diverse parts of the world as India, China, the Middle East, Africa,
and the Americas. This symposium is a first step in a project commis-
sioned by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the
World Association for Sexology to revise the 1975 WHO document on
a global scale and to develop broad strategies for the promotion of
sexual health throughout the world.
44
COMPARATORE Daniel O. - Argentina
Email: dcomparator e@ciudad.com.ar
Title: Andropause: hormonal profile, sexual function and
androgen therapy
The aim of this work is to compare to among the hormonal modifica-
tions that the man suffers in particular with the ageing and the conse-
quences at level of sexual or reproductive functions and the benefits or
not of the androgen therapy in the same ones
Method: it carries out a search through Medline and searchers of
Internet (AltaVista, Lycos, Infoseek, Excite; Yahoo, Hot Bot etc).
Terms like Male Menopause, Andropause, Male Climacteric,
Syndrome of low Testosterone, Sexuality and Aging, Reproduction
and Aging, Androgen therapy. The searching work carried out between
the years 1975 and the 2000.
Results: although the testosterone levels decrease with the age, a great
variability exists among the men, and the relationship of the plasmatic
levels of testosterone and the sexual functions because other hormon-
al changes are implied.
The androgens play a very important role in most of the components
of the sexuality. For a better understanding of the relationship between
these steroids and the sexual function, we should answer the following
questions: Which components of the sexuality are they androgen-
dependent? What quantity of androgen is it required for a right sexual
function? Which one is the most important of these androgens? Where
and how they act in the brain?
The therapy of testosterone substitution can be beneficial in the men
with hypoandrogenism, but they have not still been carried out long
term studies about its efficient and security.
COMPARATORE Daniel O. - Argentina
Email: dcomparator e@ciudad.com.ar
Title: Swinging, could it be an erotic tie of some couples of
XXI century?
During 1970 in Argentina the swinging of couples became evident
because hidden advertisements publicated on the most popular news-
paper and magazines that had sections in order to know new friend
with the same life-style. With the coming of the democracy at the end
of 1983, some magazine of sexual information with sections for
explicit swinger began to be published. There the couples in tune could
be connected with each other. Then, some discos, pubs, clubs, and after
Internet sites suddenly appear. At the end of 1997, the first conventions
were carried out.
At the begin of 2000, the directors of the “Among Us” magazine,
Daniel Bracamonte and Beatriz Musacchio and my Center through the
magazine and their web page for couples that carry out swinging or
have the fantasy of begin, we decide to publish a survey to know how
the swinger population was conformed in Argentina. We received
more than 2600 answers from couples of different countries. Taking
into account the 1500 that live in Argentina, in this project we obtained
some data, for ex.: ages, place of residence, time of living together,
change of sexual habits, fears, fantasies, occupations, limits, frequen-
cy, how they know other couples, change in the personal care etc. But
the most interesting thing is that of the most of the couples answered
that eroticism between them increased after carried out swinging.
And then, swinging could be an erotic tie of some couples of the XXI
Century ?
CONAGLEN Helen - New Zealand
Email: helen@tpc.or g.nz
Title: Factors affecting sexual desir e
Abstract: Reports on efficacy of treatments for sexual desire problems
point to difficulties treating these disorders. Better treatment design
may result from more thorough understanding of factors affecting sex-
ual desire.
This study investigated volunteer participants sexual desire and other
characteristics via self-report measures, in combination with tasks
involving differentiated responding to pictorial and semantic stimuli.
This enabled an exploration of responses assumed to be associated
with variation in libido, but not previously demonstrated empirically.
The main hypothesis tested was that persons with low self-report sex-
ual desire respond differently to cues of a sexual nature than do other
people.
Mood was not significantly correlated with sexual desire levels, but
sexual anxiety was strongly correlated. Those with lower levels of self-
reported sexual desire also recorded lower levels of mood awareness
and completed picture recognition tasks more quickly, but the lexical
decision tasks were carried out more slowly.
Sexual desire levels significantly affected the ratings given sexual pic-
tures in this protocol. Interest ratings varied with desire levels, and ra-
tings given sexual words with respect to emotional content were also
significantly different for those with varying desire levels. These
aspects of the protocol yielded the most meaningful results in a non-
clinical sample. Further investigation of sexual desire in a clinically
diagnosed population via the picture rating aspects of this experiment
could yield a greater understanding of low desire and how problems in
this area are best treated.
CONAGLEN Helen - New Zealand
Email: helen@tpc.or g.nz
Title: Effect of deer velvet on male sexual function: a dou -
ble-blind placebo controlled study
For years people have taken products made of deer velvet for their
alleged beneficial effects on sexual function. No-one has scientifically
investigated the effects of deer velvet powder on the sexual functio-
ning of males in an empirical manner. This study used psychological
questionnaires to assess changes in sexual functioning after taking deer
velvet powder capsules compared to placebo capsules. Volunteer male
participants, aged 45-65 years, and their partners were recruited to the
study. Participants were randomly assigned to take either deer velvet
capsules, or placebo for 3 months. At baseline, and again at 3 months,
blood tests were done to determine the levels of various hormones in
the participants. Questionnaires on sexual functioning were also com-
pleted by the men and their partners at baseline and 3 months. Findings
as to the effect of deer velvet capsules on the sexual functioning of the
participants will be presented and discussed.
45
CONAGLEN John V. - New Zeland
Email: conaglen@hwl.co.nz
Title: Sexual desire in women on anti-androgen therapy
Women presenting with hirsuties/polycystic ovary syndrome have
increased production of androgens. Clinical lore suggests these women
may have increased sexual desire. Treatment of hirsuties commonly
involves anti-androgen therapy (with cyproterone acetate and oestro-
gen in reverse sequential therapy) to reduce the production and bio-
logical action of testosterone. This form of therapy has the potential for
reducing sexual desire.
The present study investigated sexual desire in 29 hirsute women aged
between 19 and 43 years (M = 31.8 ± 6.0) presenting for therapy. It
involved questionnaire appraisal of the women’s sexual desire, body
and self-esteem, and affect at commencement of therapy, at 3 months,
and again at 12 months. These data were compared with a non-clinical
control group of 39 women of similar mean age (M = 33.5 ± 6.0). The
hypotheses under consideration were that the hirsute women experi-
enced different levels of sexual desire to the control group prior to
therapy, and that therapy has a demonstrable effect on the self-repor-
ted sexual desire of these women.
The study demonstrated that women with hirsuties do not necessarily
have increased levels of sexual desire at baseline. It was found that
their mean levels of sexual desire (M = 47.4 ± 19.6) were significant-
ly lower than the control group women (M = 60.73 ± 17.3) [t(65) =
-2.09, p <.05]. The treatment groups body esteem levels were also sig-
nificantly lower than those of the control women [t(65) = -2.09,
p <.05]. During the yearlong course of therapy the sexual desire levels
of the hirsute women did not decrease significantly [F(2, 67) = 1.34,
p <.27]. These findings provide empirical data upon which clinicians
can base advice to patients seeking therapy.
CONNELLY Jon - USA
Email: Jon.Connelly@aol.com
Title: A new method of using imagery in treating sexual
dysfunction
I have developed a unique method of engaging the subconscious mind
that has proven valuable in alleviating a wide variey of sexual prob-
lems. This three-part process utilizes an “ activator “ to engage the sub-
conscious, an “ accelerator “ to enhance the mind’s response and a
dynamic visual metaphor that demonstrates change. The “ activator
and “ visual metaphor “ is developed based on the individual’s mind-
set, the problem being faced and the outcome desired.
Psychotherapeutic approaches which utilize hypnosis require sug-
gestibility. The mind must be focused and free from distracting
thoughts. Many individuals cannot achieve this. The process I have
developed does not require suggestbility or a focused mind. It has an
immediate and profound effect. People have reported enhanced confi-
dence, competence and pleasure while engaging in sexual activities. Il
will describe and demonstrate this process.
CONSTANTINIDES C. - Greece
Co-Author: E. KONSTANTINIDIS
Email: gtritto@magic.fr
Title: Penile enhancement : our surgical technique
Introduction: the surgical PLP is under evolution in the last years and
many doctors begin to propose their own methods supporting the opti-
mal results. In our experience we have seen that some ideas and tricks
from other experiences can help us to correct the bad results of the
past.
Methods: beginning at 96 we were using the method of DR ROOS
with VY plasty dividing ligament and flaps for enhancement. From
the very beginning we have felt that with this method we had bad
results because the flap was not able to assure the enhancement we
wanted...the first modification we applied afterwards was the free fat
flap but with this method we had some infections and we stopped it.
In the last 2 years we are combining the VY with lipoinjection with
better results.
Discussion: we are presenting three different periods and techniques
for PLOP comparing the results in order to open a discussion with
other authors to exchange experience and to arrive to an optimal solu-
tion for this kind of surgery as from our point of view there is not ideal
method nowadays and there is much effort to be done to maximize our
results.
CONSTANTINIDES C. - Greece
Co-Author: E. KONSTANTINIDIS
Email: gtritto@magic.fr
Title: Proposition for an international protocol of evaluation
of the patients for pep in terms of psychological and bio -
logical expectations
Introduction: we are proposing a manual -to prepare doctors involved
with this surgery, -for doctors who want to understand why this sur-
gery is applied and -to patients who want to be informed about the
indications of this surgery. This manual covers the subject in 36-pages.
We are proposing in the IAMSS symposium an open discussion about
our protocol.
Material and methods:
1. Holistic surgical intervention :optimal surgical intervention is based
on a holistic understanding of life and therapy.
2. cosmetic surgery: implies psychotherapeutic effects.Surgical
enhancement serves as an organic stimulus of self-acceptance.
3. integration of surgery and psychotherapy: optimal cosmetic surgery
therefore requires indications to have a psychotherapeutic structure in
order to maximize the probability of self acceptance
4. PEP an integrated program : theory ,concept of the person, basic
ideas
Discussion: until nowadays there is not a unique protocol to be used
for doctors involved with this surgery. We believe that this attempt is
essaying to cover the theoretical support of our methods: the psycho-
logical implications and the questionnaire to be used...the steps to fol-
low in order to maximize the results of surgery, the postoperative care
and the information to be given to patients, doctors and public.
46
CORDIER B. - France
LUTON Jean-Pierre - France
Email: b.cordier@hopital-foch.or g
Email: jeanpier re.luton@cch.ap-hop-pa
Title: Assesment protocole after asking for transsexualism
hormonal-surgery ; place of the psychiatrist and hormo -
nologist (about 300 cases)
A consensual Frenwork for commun care of transsexualism is show-
ded. This protocole without official legal basis , could be the reference
for Social Security reimboursement and has been agreed by National
Medical Order and court houses.
It establish the limits and the framework of duration and medication
that has been prescribed by the pluridisciplinary staff.
The scedule is precised to the patient before the beginning of the trans-
formation.
The post surgical endocrinology survey will be discussed.
CORDOVA LLORCA Maria Dolores - Cuba
E-mail: cenesex@infomed.sld.cu
Title: Professional competence of the sexual educator, coun -
cilor and therapist.
At the present times the Professional Permanent Education is neces-
sary. The National Center of Sexual Education (NCSE) and the
National School of Medicine (NSM) have well define strategy to
develop all human resources of the Health System.
One of the most important way to realize this strategy is through the
work of Academic Cathedras. All of Cuban Medical Universities have
an Academic Cathedra of Sexuality.
Recently the National Center of Sexual Education and the National
School of Medicine had create the National and General Academic
Cathedra of Sexology and Sexual Education in order to join all expe-
riences of the others and previous Academic Cathedras. This report
explain the main characteristics of this new Academic Cathedra.
Also this report propose some professionals competencies that could
be developed by sexual educator, councilor and therapist. We obtain
those professional competencies by scientific research whit some
experts.
CORMAN André - France
Co-Author: P. COSTA
Email: andr e.corman@wanadoo.fr
Title: Alternative for failures of oral therapeutics in case of
erections troubles
Which therapeutic alternative, and, more generally, which clinical
position can we adopt after the failure of a prescription of an orally
symptomatic treatment of erectile dysfunction ?
After three years of using of Sildenafil, first classical example of treat-
ment, we have detachment and experience to define indications and
conditions of success of orally treatment as a therapeutic alternative.
An urologist and a sexologist, really in position to know the failure of
a prescription of Sildenafil in a first test, put all the necessary skills in
common to think about its causes. This reflexion permits them to
define the indication when a medicinal alternative can be immediately
stipulated and the ones when a psycho-sexotherapy is necessary before
every other symptomatic prescription.
Once they gave the indications, they introduce the interest and the
advantage of using a treatment by intra-cavernous injection of PGE1
as a therapeutic alternative.
To optimise this prescription, they recommand a therapeutic step
which join the urologist and the psychosexologist, which specify the
respective interventions.
To conclude : An erectile dysfunction can be treated with success with
the return of the erection, but with a satisfying sexuality too. Such an
objective justifies, with the prescription of an alternative treatment
effective on the erectile symptom, a pluridisciplinary step as much as
the diagnostical moment than the therapeutical take in charge. It is on
that condition, that this therapeutic choice would be adapted to the
patient and accepted in a knowing way by the two partners.
CORONA Adriana - Mexico
Email: esther coronav@hotmail.com
Title: Mexico, myth and histor y. Sexuality and gender in
aztec society in the XVI centur y
This paper presents a proposal to approach Mexica (Aztec) culture in
the last years before the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, through
gender culture.
Gender and sexuality are shared phenomena in pre-western societies.
This relationship has caused that this two concepts are often used inter-
changeably without distinction. However, it is a fact that in some tri-
bal societies, a gender system which included and determined sexua-
lity, was the rule.
No society is known that has not regulated and controlled sexuality. In
Aztec society sexuality was closely linked to gender through an ideo-
logy of sexuality and sexual politics. Sexuality in Mexica society was
organised through two categories: gender and social class. Therefore,
a different sexuality was established according to gender: In a similar
way, social class determined the sexuality of pillis and macehuales, the
two great social divisions in society: Sexuality was directed to hetero-
sexuality and reproduction and controlled trough religion, laws and
sexual morality.
The Aztec concept of sexuality was related to their general way of con-
ceiving the universe ion a dual outlook based on gender. Therefore
every phenomenon was either male or female, light or dark. This
whole concept pervaded and organized everything from nature to
everyday life.
This paper will explore these relationships and their links to sexual
behaviour of men and women.
47
CORONA Esther - Mexico
Email: esther coronav@hotmail.com
Title: Love of food...food for love.
Gastronomy has been recognised by many as art form, or at least as a
major cultural expression. It presupposes, in a similar way to human
sexuality, anatomic structures and physiological mechanisms, very
complex learning processes and a historic and socio-cultural context.
Human beings have linked food and particularly the erotic expression
of sexuality and love through out recorded history. This is not a casual
phenomenon as food and eroticism are an answer to basic human
needs. Aphrodisiacs are mentioned in ancient Egyptian papyrus, Greek
and Roman myths and is not a mere coincidence that the vehicle of
seduction of Adam by Eve, is a fruit. An apple, symbol of “carnal
knowledge” which drives humankind from blissful asexual paradise
into the real world where men and women love, make love, eat and
cook. Where as in Milton’s Paradise Lost, after eating the apple, Adam
and Eve made love in a bed a flowers, that is Paraphrasing Levi Straus,
it may be possible that culture is the transition from the raw into the
cooked and from sex into eroticism and love, where mere hunger is
transformed into appetite. This paper will explore the many ways in
which sexuality and food are linked, through the analysis of what
many cultures have considered as aphrodisiacs, meandering through
literary and artistic examples and providing now and then, recipes for
foods for love transformed by the love of food into potions far more
potent and certainly more pleasurable than Viagra.
CORONA Esther - Mexico
Email: esther coronav@hotmail.com
Title: National sex education programmes throughout the
world.
- An analysis of the factors contributing to of public policies.
Comprehensive sex education has been recognised as an important
tool in the prevention of early unwanted pregnancies, ITS and family
violence. Moreover, there is a growing appreciation of the role of
Sexuality Education in promoting gender equity, sexual and reproduc-
tive rights and as prerequisite for sexual health.
Many governments through out the world have established nation
wide plans and programmes: these may vary in form and scope, how-
ever they all share an underlying political will. It is not easy to reach
the stage where political will is expressed through a law or a statute. It
is necessary to provide an environment where more progressive sec-
tors of society are able to challenge conservative ideas and miscon-
ceptions. sectors are challenged. Resources for teacher training and
materials production need to be allocated and provisions for continui-
ty require to be addressed. These symposium will present examples
from diverse countries with different cultural settings where national
programmes are under way.
It will endeavour to go beyond a mere description into a more analy-
tical approach where lessons learned on will be emphasised
CORONA Esther - Mexico
Email: esther coronav@hotmail;com
Title: Sex education in latin america. From utopia to com -
promise.
Latin American countries have greatly contributed to establish the
concept of comprehensive sex education as a life-long process that
informally and formally provides and transforms knowledge, attitudes,
skills and values related to all aspects of human sexuality. This paper
will analyze the current status of sex education in Latin America,
examining , in five countries, the factors that have helped to achieve
national scope programmes. However. It will also look into the social,
economic and political circumstances that have hindered the develo-
pment of progammes and projects in other places, and the strategies
evolved by organizations such as NGO to circumvent difficult situa-
tions. The paper will particularly describe the characteristics of some
Latin America comprehensive sex education programmes , such as its
participatory approaches and its social commitment that have helped
to make them leaders in the field.
COSTA Pierre - France
Co-Authors: N. MOTTET, J.-C. BOYER, L. WAGNER,
K. BEN NAOUM, J.-F. LOUIS, J.-P. BALI, P. NEY
Email: nicolas.mottet@chu-nimes.fr
Title: Comparative effects of pge1-alpha-cyclodextrin and
pge2 on contraction of isolated smooth muscle cells from
human penile corpus cavernosum
Prostaglandins from the E series induce relaxation of smooth muscles through four
receptor subtypes (EPI to EP4). We studied the relaxing activity and the mode of action
of an alpha-cyclodextrin-coupled complexed prostaglandin El (CD-PGEI) compared to
natural PGE2 as reference on smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from human corpus
cavernosum (CC).
CC (n=18) were obtained during cysto-prostatectomy or radical prostatectomy. Isolated
cells were prepared by enzymatic (collagenase/pronase) dissociation. The agents to be
tested were added to the cell suspension: after 30 s, cell contraction was stopped by addi-
tion of glutaraldehyde. The mean cell length was determined by video-microscopic
measurements of 100 cells. The results were expressed as the percentage of decrease in
average cell length compared to unstimulated cells. Adenylate cyclase activity was eva-
luated on SMC homogenates.
Noradrenaline (NA) caused a time-dependent and dose-dependent contraction of isola-
ted SMC. Contraction was maximum by 30s, then returned to an intermediate value. EC-
50 value for NAwas in the physiological range (0.1 nM). CD-PGE1 caused a maximal
relaxation by 1 min (in agreement with a rapid release of PGE1 from alpha-cyclodex-
trin), that was stable for at least 20 min. When cells were fully contracted by noradre-
naline, natural PGE2 caused a dose-dependent relaxation of the cells (IC-50#10nM);
similarly, CD-PGE1 induced a dose-dependent relaxation of SMC (IC-50#lnM). PGE2
caused a dose-dependent increase in adenylate cyclase activity (EC50#0.1nM) in agree-
ment with an activation of EP2 or EP4 subtype. In contrast, CD-PGE1 induced an
increase in adenylate cyclase activity only at elevated concentration (1mM), suggesting
that, at concentration which caused half-maximal relaxation, another receptor subtype
coupled to a non cyclic-AMPintracellular way was activated.
CD-PGE1 induces a rapid relaxation of SMC from human CC. This effect was caused
both directly and after a noradrenaline stimulation of SMC contraction. In contrast to
natural PGE2, the CD-PGE1 induced relaxation could not be explained by an activation
of the cyclic AMP intracellular pathway alone and additional signalling mechanisms
appear to be involved.
48
COSTA Pierre - France
Email: pier re.costa@chu-nimes.fr
Title: Is it acceptable to encourage the expectation of defin -
itive cure to increase the acceptance of pharmacotherapy
for ED?
A recent study of the expectations of patients with erectile dysfunction
(ED) who have been offered pharmacotherapy revealed that they were
of course receptive to the efficacy and safety of the treatment but also
to the possibility of only using it temporarily. Most of the men were
averse to the idea of depending on therapy for their capacity to fulfill
their sexual role. On the other hand, they could accept a temporary
need until they could recover normal function. The dialogue between
therapist and patient necessarily deals with this aspect of treatment
sooner or later. But how should it be discussed? As a mere possibility
or as a very probable or even certain occurrence? Two points appear to
encourage the hope of a cure, i.e. the fact that ED never occurs by
accident in men (which suggests constitutional and triggering factors
as well as maintenance factors) and the fact that the epidemiological
study carried out in 1994 in France (Sofres) showed not only organic
causes, but also widespread functional causes (theoretically curable).
However, it must also be kept in mind that the occurrence of ED is
highly complex (involving not only the individual but also the couple,
with causes that are not only medical but also social or cultural, etc.)
and the fact that not all patients can be treated by all therapies. Thus,
assuming that the main causes of ED have been identified, it may not
always be possible to treat the organic cause or to suggest a suitable
treatment for the psychogenic causes because the patient may not be
responsive. To summarize, the possibility of a definitive cure for the
disorder can clearly be discussed with certain patients. However, the
therapist must take care not to influence the patient with a promise that
cannot be fulfilled. The real and informed need expressed by the
patient must ultimately be the main reason for proposing treatment.
COSTA Pierre - France
Email: pierre.costa@chu-nimes.fr
Title: Androgen replacement therapy in hypogonadal men
Endogenous androgens, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are
responsible for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs and for
maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. Male hypogonadism results from
insufficient secretion of testosterone and is characterized by low serum testosterone
concentrations. Symptoms associated with male hypogonadism include erectile
dysfunction and decreased sexual desire, fatigue and loss of energy, mood depres-
sion, regression of secondary sexual characteristics and osteoporosis.
Testosterone is the mainstay of therapy for the vast majority of hypogonadal men
with erectile dysfunction. Androgen replacement therapy in hypogonadal men
improves sexual function, decreases body fat and increases lean muscle mass and
function and bone mass. The goal of therapy is to keep serum testosterone levels in
the normal range. Injectable testosterone enanthate and cypionate preparations
require injections every 10 to 21 days, causing dramatic peaks and throughs in
serum concentrations. Oral 17_-substitued preparations such as methyltestosterone
and oxandrolone, have been associated with hepatic toxicity and tumors. Recent
developments in the delivery of adequate amounts of testosterone use the skin as
the route of administration. Transdermal patches applied once daily produce nor-
mal serum concentrations without hepatic toxicity, but cause local reactions.
Testosterone applied as a gel over a large area of skin in an open system rarely pro-
duces problems of skin irritation. When used in hypogonadal men, this new testos-
terone gel formulation can efficiently and rapidly increase serum testosterone and
free testosterone levels into the normal range. Clinically, testosterone gel replace-
ment improved sexual function and mood, increased lean mass and muscle strength
(principally in the legs) and decreased fat mass. In the main part of treated patients,
serum PSA levels elevated to above the normal range. Reported adverse events
related to the gel formulation were minimal skin irritation at the application site in
less than 6% of the patients. Gynecomastia was very rare. Transient abnormal la-
boratory tests (liver enzymes and electrolytes), headache, asthma, hypertension,
dizziness, anxiety and nervousness wre uncommon, usually occurirng in less than
2% of subjects. From these results, its interesting efficacy and tolerability, trans-
dermal testosterone gel could be considered as a very promising therapy for hypo-
gonadal men.
COTE Carmen - Canada
Email: carmcote@globetr otter.net
Title: Browsing of lived and the needs of the parents con -
cerning the sex education their children presenting a defi -
ciency intellectual
We will communicate the results of a qualitative analysis of interviews
carried out near these parents. We thus explored their reality by
approaching various dimensions: the sex education of the children, the
lived personal one and the processus of adaptation of the parents,
dreams with a future of the parents for their children and needs for sup-
port and training of the parents. The results of the analysis enable us to
indicate the interrelationships of dimensions and to propose tracks of
action as regards sexological intervention. We notice that the parents
recognise the sexual character of the children and they wish to meet
the needs observed. However, they are conscious of the complexity of
the challenge to take up taking into account the cognitive characteris-
tics of the children, they show a certain concern concerning the possi-
ble consequences of the sex education. They wish being reassured and
guided concerning the knowledge to make sex education. They privi-
lege the following form of support: specific intervention according to
needs for the child and his family by a speaker of the center of read-
justment. We release the importance in addition to include in a plan of
formation the aspects concerning the knowledge being of the relative
such as the adult like being sexual, lived of the relative surrounding the
process of adjustement related to the presence of the handiccaped child
and the social representation of the child by his relative. These the last
two aspects are used as anchoring with the educational interventions of
the parents as regards sex education near their children presenting a
intellectual deficiency.
COUTURE Normande - Canada
Co-Author: BOURDAGE Isabelle
Email: M7500_sec2@ssss.gouv .qc.ca
Title: L’inter vention auprès des conjointes d’abuseurs
sexuels. Facteur de prévention ou de récidive ?...
La Clinique d’évaluation et de traitement des troubles du comporte-
ment sexuel du CHRG offre un traitement de groupe aux conjointes
d’abuseurs sexuels depuis 10 ans. Cette intervention permet de mieux
cerner la dynamique du couple et celle de l’abuseur, favorisant ainsi
l’intervention à faire lorsque la relation de couple est un des facteurs
précipitants de l’abus sexuel. La thérapie s’adresse à toutes les con-
jointes quelque soit le délit ou la paraphilie du partenaire et entre dans
un modèle d’intervention systémique complémentaire au modèle de la
prévention de la rechute.
La présentation montrera l’importance d’apporter une aide aux con-
jointes dans l’amélioration du couple afin de prévenir la rechute. Pour
un certain nombre d’abuseurs, qui commettent leur abus lorsqu’ils sont
dans une relation de couple, l’amélioration de cette vie conjugale
demeurent un point important. La conjointe ayant souvent été elle-même
victime d’abus sexuel présente-t-elle une dynamique psychologique,
sexuelle et affective favorisant plus facilement l’abus sexuel? La
thérapie permet donc une intervention à la fois sur la dynamique du
couple mais également sur la sexualité des conjoints. Nous illustrerons
également les difficultés inhérentes à l’implication des conjointes dans
ce processus de réhabilitation de l’abuseur sexuel. Une brève descrip-
tion de l’intervention sera présentée.
49
CRESTINU Jacques - France
Email: NC
Title: The perfection of aesthetic plastic surgery as a pr e-
ambule to the improvement of sexual life
What generally attracts one when getting acquainted, a mere wink the
beauty of the eyes or the warmth of a glance, can be spoilt and even
lost for ever because of an unsightly Silhouette or face. “Remodelled
noses marry in the year” is an eternal truth. In the same way “remod-
elled breasts divorce in the year” depending on the surgical operation.
Thanks to aesthetic plastic, sometimes reconstructive surgery, men and
women who have been operated on, often regain a taste for life, that
they sometimes have never known or have often lost, because of
inevitable deformations due to traumatizing of competitive ways of
life, which bring about highly disastrous eating habits and physical
negligence.
The author ’s numerous intervenions and scientific publications in the
most prestigious national and international congress, about reduction
or augmentation mammoplasties, the correction of umbilicated nip-
ples, deformed bellies, etc, are closely linked with patients’sex prob-
lems in relation to their morphology.
The few before and after pictures of the results, even the perfection,
that can be obtained with aesthetic plastic surgery, are significant of
the improvements that inhibited patients can expect from their every-
day relationships based on social and sexual seduction.
CUETO Miguel Angel - Spain
Email: cepteco@cor reo.cop.es
Title: Credibility of the declarations in victims of sexual
abuses
The sexual abuse is a generalized worldwide problem in different cul-
tures. The consequences of this type of acts in children and teenagers
can affect their sexual and affective conduct seriously when they arrive
at the adult age.
The evaluation of the credibility degree that presents the victim of sex-
ual abuses usually displays manifold difficulties. The evaluation
would become through two sources: later symptoms associated to the
possible abuses undergone and by means of the use of strategies of
cognitive validation on the exactitude and credibility of the memories
of the victims. The evaluation interview is a valuable strategy to be
able to help the minor to surpass the possible trauma that presents, to
be able to analyse more faithfully the veracity of his memories and to
avoid a second victimization when he must inform in the courts.
CURCOLL M. Luisa - Spain
Email : psicologia@guttmann.com
Title : A long term follow up of 50 spinal cord injured men,
treated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) for erectil dysfunction
Objectives: To describe the present situation of a group of spinal cord
injured men who had been prescribed sildenafil citrate to treat their
erectil dysfunction.
The variables described are: the pharmacological treatment adherence,
the perceptions of efficacy of the therapeutic approach, present sexual
function and satisfaction and eventual changes in couple relationship.
Subjects: 50 SCI men treated, in the Fundació Institut Guttman ;
between November -98 and July -99, with a multidisciplinary
approach including medical and psychological evaluation, sexual
counselling and prescription of sildenafil citrate, with a close follow
up of its initial results andside effects.
Methode: Medical and personal data have been obtained from the clin-
ical history of patients. Present situation and subjective perception-
shave been obtained through a standardized telephonic interview.
Results: Global treatment received is evaluated positively. Moreover,
in spite of thehigh efficacy and safety some patients abandon pharma-
cological treatment fordifferent reasons that are analysed.
CUSACK James - USA
Email: chemuka@aol.com
Title: A meta-analysis of treatment modalities for juvenile
sex offenders
This presentation reviews and analyzes recent studies concerning an
area that has only recently begun to receive attention, the treatment of
juvenile sex offenders. This review considers the treatment modalities
most used as well as the research supporting their efficacy. The five
most popular treatment modalities will be compared for effectiveness.
Those treatment modalities reviewed include cognitive behavioral,
relapse prevention, psychotherapeutic, family systems, and develop-
ment-contextual treatment. Comparisons will also made between
effectiveness outcomes for residential and outpatient treatment.
Finally, special issues for therapists who work with juvenile sex
offenders will be discussed.
50
CUTHBERT Maendaenda - Tanzania
Email: marie.svensson@r fsu.se
Title: Approaches to different sexual issues in countries in
Africa working with young men’s sexuality, experience
from tanzania.
Men and young men in particular have little knowledge on SRH and gen-
der, and have negative attitude against female sexuality. As a result, males
are perceived by females to be selfish in relationships and decision making.
A baseline study I conducted to establish a project for young men in
Tanzania (UMATI, 2000) revealed serious gaps among young men aged 13
- 24 years in relation to their SRH knowledge, attitude and behavior. While
70% (n=608) of respondents admitted to be sexually active, nearly half of
them said that with unprotected sex they only fear STIs and HIV/AIDS and
nothing else.
While adults and religious institutions believe that abstinence is the best
protection against HIV/AIDS scourge among youth, 60% of the young men
reported of not knowing any other means of showing love apart from sex-
ual intercourse. About 61% reported that those who masturbate are bad
mannered; and only 37% approving relationships with opposite sex with-
out sexual intercourse.
Condoms use among the young men is restricted to new sexual partners.
More risky, half of the respondents (n=608) believing that there are differ-
ent types/flavors of vagina and therefore one need to test them (without a
condom) as many as possible to get his preferred type/flavor. They also
believe a woman becomes sexually satisfied when a man takes several
rounds (ejaculations). This belief makes them strive to maximize sexual
satisfaction of girls.
Young men feel proud to father a baby before married (“testing your poi-
son”), however, they are not ready to marry girls or who already had a baby
before.
These are some facts indicating that young men have unmet SRH needs.
Males being key in decision making need to be equally targeted so as to
enable them make responsible decisions in their relations with their part-
ners.