1G - First Generation

2.5G - Second and a half generation

2G - Second Generation
3G - Third Generation
3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GPP2 - 3rd Generation Partnership Projects s
4G - Fourth Generation
AAA - Authentication Authorization, Account
ACC - Analog Control Channel

AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service

AUC - Authentication Center
BC - Billing Center
BCH - Broadcast Channel
BER - Bit Error Rate
BS - Base Station
BSC - Base Station Controller
BTS - Base Transceiver Station
CBR - Constant Bit Rate
CDG - CDMA Development Group
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA2000 - Code Division Multiple Access…
CDR - Call Detail Record
CN - Core Network
D/R - Distance to Reuse Ratio
DAMPS - Digital Advance Mobile Phone Service
DCC - Digital Color Code
DTA - Data Transfer Adapter
DTC - Digital Traffic Channel
EDGE - Enhanced Data for Global Evolution
EDI - Electronic Data Interchange
EIR - Equipment Identity Register
ESMR - Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio
ETACS - Extended TACS
ETDMA - Extended Time Division Multiple Access
FDD - Frequency Division Duplex
FDM - Frequency Division Multiplexing
FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
FM - Frequency Modulation
FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
FTMD - Full Track Music Download
GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSC - Gateway Mobile Switching Center
GMSK - Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
GPS - Global Positioning System
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication
GSN - GPRS Support Node
HLR - Home Location Register
IC - Interchange Carrier
iDEN - Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network
IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity
ITU - International Telecommunication Union

IVRS - Interactive Voice Response System

IWF – Inter Working Function

LBS - Location-Based Services
LMR - Land Mobile Radio
MC - Message Center
MC – Multi Carrier Mode
MCS - Mobile Cellular System
ME - Mobile Equipment
MIN - Mobile Identification Number
MIRS - Motorola Integrated Radio system
MSC - Mobile Station Class
MSC - Mobile Switching Center
MTS - Mobile Telephone Service
NAMPS - Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service
NMT - Nordic Mobile Telephone
NPDB - Number Portability Database
NTACS - Narrowband Total Access Communication Service
PAD - Packet Assembler And Disassembler
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PCN - Personal Communications Network
PCS - Personal Communication Services
PDA - Personal Digital Assistant
PDC - Personal Digital Cellular
PDSN - Packet Data Switched Network
PM - phase modulation
PM - pulse modulation
PN - Packet Number
PN - pseudorandom noise
PPDN - Public Packet Data Network
PSTN - Public Switched Telephone Network
PTT - Post Telephone and Telegraph
PTT - Push to Talk
QoS - Quality of Service
RAN - Radio Access Network
RNC - Radio Network Controller
SCH - Synchronization Channel
SDMA - Spatial Division Multiple Access
SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node

SIM - Subscriber Identity Module

SIS - Subscriber Identity Security
SMS - Short Message Service
SMSC - Short Message Service Center
TACS - Total Access Communications System
TCH - traffic channel
TD-SCDMA - Time Division Synchronous Cod…
TDD - Time Division Duplex
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

TFT - Thin Film Transistor

TIA - Telecommunications Industry Association

UE - User Equipment
UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UPR - User Performance Requirements
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VLR - Visitor Location Register
VMS - Voice Mail System
WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network

RAKE RECEIVER

History

Rake receivers must have either a general-purpose CPU or some other form of digital
signal processing hardware in them to process and correlate the intended signal. Rake
receivers only became common after 16-bit CPUs capable of signal processing became
widely available. The rake receiver was patented in the US in 1956 [1], but it took until the
1970s to design practical implementations of the receiver.

Radio astronomers were the first substantial users of rake receivers in the late 1960s to
mid-1980s as this kind of receiver could scan large sky regions yet not create large
volumes of data beyond what most data recorders could handle at the
time. Astropulse that is part of SETI@Home project uses a variant of a rake receiver as
part of its sky searches -- so this kind of receiver is still current for the needs of radio
astronomy.

Use

Rake receivers are common in a wide variety of CDMA and W-CDMA radio devices

such as mobile phones and wireless LAN equipment.

Rake receivers are also used in Radio Astronomy. The CSIRO Parkes Radio Telescope
and Jodrell Bank Telescope have 1-bit filterbank recording formats that can be
processed in real time or prognostically by software based rake recivers.

A rake receiver is a radio receiver designed to counter the effects of multipath fading. It does this by using several "sub-receivers"

called fingers, that is, several correlators each assigned to a different multipath component. Each finger independently decodes a

single multipath component; at a later stage the contribution of all fingers are combined in order to make the most use of the

different transmission characteristics of each transmission path. This could very well result in higher signal-to-noise ratio (or Eb/N0) in

a multipath environment than in a "clean" environment.

The multipath channel through which a radio wave transmits can be viewed as transmitting the original (line of sight) wave plus a

number of multipath components. Multipath components are delayed copies of the original transmitted wave traveling through a

different echo path, each with a different magnitude and time-of-arrival at the receiver. Since each component contains the original

information, if the magnitude and time-of-arrival (phase) of each component is computed at the receiver (through a process called

channel estimation), then all the components can be added coherently to improve the information reliability.
The rake receiver is so named because it reminds the function of a garden rake, each finger collecting symbol energy similarly to

how tines on a rake collect leaves.

By using this RAKE receiver can relieve depression due to fading of the received signal will ensure stable

communications environment. Thus, you can ensure consistent quality to the user.