CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

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Coursebook answers
Chapter 20
Exam-style questions Using pV = nRT, we have
7 a 
pV 4.8 × 105 × 0.040
1 B[1] n = = [1]
RT 8.31× 293
2 C[1]
= 7.89 mol ≈ 7.9 mol[1]
i   6.02 × 1023[1]
3 a 
b Using pV = nRT, we have
ii Chlorine is diatomic, so 12.0 × 1023[1]
mass = 7.89 × 44[1]
iii 1000 × NA = 6.02 × 1026[1]
= 347 g ≈ 350 g[1]
b i  4 × NA = 24.1 × 1023[1] 8 Using pV = nRT, we have[1]
ii One C atom per molecule, so nRT 1× 8.31× 273
24.1 × 1023[1] V = = = 2.25 × 10−2 m3[1]
p 1.01× 105
iii Two O atoms per molecule, so
9 Using pV = NkT, we have [1]
48.2 × 1023[1]
3.0 × 1026 × 1.38 × 10 −23 × 400
197 × 1.66 × 10−27 = 3.3 × 10−25 kg[1]
4 a  p = [1]
0.200
b 1/(3.3 × 10−25) = 3.06 × 1024 ≈ 3.1 × 1024[1]
= 8.31 × 106 Pa[1]
3.06 × 1024/6.02 × 1023[1]
c 
3p
= 5.08 mol ≈ 5.1 mol[1] Using p =
10 a  1
3
ρ<c2>, we have <c2> = p
[1]
pV
pressure p2 = 1 1 [1]
5 a  3 × 1.01× 105
V2 = =1.69 × 106 m2 s−2[1]
105 × 140 0.179
= = 3.4 × 105 Pa, or
42 so, r.m.s. speed = (1.69 × 106)1/2
3.3 atmospheres[1] = 1350 m s−1[1]
b T  he temperature of the gas would b T
 his is considerably faster than air
increase, causing pressure to be higher molecules at the same pressure[1]
than in part a.[1]
 ecause the He atoms have a much smaller
b
6 V2 = pV
1 1 [1]
mass, so greater speed needed for same
p2 energy.[1]
35 × 0.42 average k.e. per molecule at 27 °C =
i 
11 a 
= [1]
10 3 kT[1]
2
= 1.47 ≈ 1.5 cm3[1] = 1.5 × 1.38 × 10−23 × 300[1]
Assumes that the temperature at 25 m depth = 6.2 × 10−21 J[1]
is equal to the temperature at the surface of
the water and that the mass of gas is constant ii average k.e. at 243 °C = 1.07 × 10−20 J
(it does not dissolve in the water).[1] [1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
1 © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

b ratio of energies = 1.07 = 1.72[1] i   No kinetic energy is lost in the

15 a 
0.62
collision.[1]
ratio of speeds = ( ratio of energies ) ii Any three from:
= 1.31 : 1 or (ratio of temperatures) =
Total volume of molecules negligible
1.31 : 1[1]
compared to that of container[1]
12 a 
The molecules hit the wall / rebound
from the wall.[1] No intermolecular forces[1]

Each impact causes a small force / Molecules in random motion[1]

impulse on the wall.[1] Time of collision small compared
Molecules are in random motion / many with the time between collisions[1]
impacts smear force over whole wall.[1] Large number of molecules[1]
b pV = nRT[1] b i 2 × 2.4 × 10−26 × 400[1]
3.42 × 105 × 1.50 = 1.9 × 10−23 kg ms−1[1]
n = [1]
8.31× 276
ii 400/(0.3 × 2)[1]
= 224 mol[1]
= 667[1]
c i  Using pV = nRT
224 × 8.31× 315 iii 1.9 × 10−23 × 667[1]
p = [1]
1.50 = 1.3 × 10−20 N[1]
= 3.91 × 105 Pa[1] kinetic energy of 1 mole = NA ×
16 a  1
m
2
ii ∆E = 3 k∆T = 1.5 × 1.38 ×  3
2 < c  > =
2
2
RT[1]
10 −23 
× (315 − 276)[1] energy to raise by 1 °C = 3
R = 12 J[1]
2
∆E = 8.01 × 10  J[1] −22
b 12 m < c 2> = 3
kT or < c 2> = 3 kT/m[1]
2
13 a 
N the number of molecules[1]
cr.m.s. = (3 × 1.38 × 10−23 × 373)/(3.34 ×
m the mass of one molecule[1]
10−27)½[1]
<c2> the mean square speed[1] = 2150 ≈ 2200 m s−1[1]
pV = nRT[1]
b i  c r atio of r.m.s. speeds hydrogen : oxygen
n = (6.0 × 105 × 4.1 × 104 × 10−6)/(8.31 × = (mass of oxygen molecule / mass of
295)[1] hydrogen molecule)½[1]
n = 10 mol[1] = 3.99 ≈ 4.0[1]
ii 10 × 6.02 × 1023[1]
= 6.02 × 1024[1]
iii 12 × 4 × 1.66 ×10−27 × <c2> = 3/2kT[1]
<c2> = 1.84 × 106[1]
cr.m.s = 1360 m s−1[1]
14 a 
An ideal gas is a gas that obeys the ideal
gas law at all temperatures[1]
and pressures.[1]
b i 
125 (mol)[1]
ii 125 × 6.02 × 1023 = 7.53 × 1025
(molecules)[1]
iii pV = nRT[1]

V = 125 ×58×.10
31 × 300
5 [1]

= 0.62 m3[1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
2 © Cambridge University Press 2020