Safety Talk Book

Hkwfedk
Msyh ls¶Vh V‚d cqd esa lHkh ls¶Vh LVSaMMZ~l dh eq[; eq[; ckrä d¨ fy;k x;k gSA bls cgqr gh ljy Hkk"kk
esa cuk;k x;k gS ftlls dh i<+us okyä d¨ vPNs <ax ls ckrsa le> esa vk tk,¡A bl iqLrd esa nh xÃ
tkudkfj;ä d¨ ls¶Vh V‚d ds ek/;e ls lHkh ds lkFk lk>k djsa rkfd ge lc esa T;knk ls T;knk tkx:drk
vk;sA ge lc ls¶Vh LVSaMMZ~l esa crkÃ xÃ lqj{kk lko/kkfu;ä ls voxr g¨ ldsA iqLrd esa nh xÃ ckrs ls¶Vh
LVSaMMZ~l ls gh yh xÃ gS vkSj dgh ij d¨Ã i‚baV le> esa uk vk;s vFkok vleatl dh fLFkfr g¨ r¨ lacaf/kr
LVS.MMZ d¨ vFkok lqj{kk foHkkx d¨ fjQj djsaA
bl Msyh ls¶Vh V‚d cqd d¨ cukus ds ihNs ;gh mÌs'; gS dh ge lc esa T;knk ls T;knk lqj{kk ds çfr
tkx:drk vk;sA iqLrd esa dk;ZLFky o~ vke ftanxh esa dke vkus okyh fofHkUu lqj{kk tkudkfj;ä d¨ lEefyr
fd;k x;k gSA ,slk fo'okl gS dh iqLrd i<+us okys t#j ykHkkUfor gäxsA
bl iqLrd d¨ cukus esa lqj{kk foHkkx o~ lHkh ls¶Vh LVSaMMZ~l pSafi;u us viuk Hkjiwj lg;¨x fn;k gSA vki lc
bu lc tkudkfj;ä d¨ Hkyh Hkkafr mi;¨x djsaA
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uacj v/;k; ist ua-
1 lqj{kk izkFkZuk 5
2 lqj{kk D;k gS \ 6
3 thou j{kd fu;e 7
4 [kqnkbZ ds nkSjku lqj{kk 8
5 mapkbZ ds dke ds nkSjku lqj{kk 11
6 osfYMax lsQVh 14
7 dUos;j csYV esa lqj{kk fu;e 16
8 bysfDV^dy lsQVh 17
9 dzsu ls eVsfj;y fyfQVax ds le; lqj{kk 19
10 nq?kZVukvksa dh fjiksfVZx
a o~ bUosLVhxs’ku 22
11 gkWV odZ ds nkSjku lsQVh 23
12 lhfer LFkku ( dWui!kbaM Lisl ) ds dke ds nkSjku lqj{kk 25
13 vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ka ,oa rS;kjh 27
14 gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e’khujh o blls vkWijs’ku ls lacaf/kr lqj{kk fu;e 29
15 gkml dhfiax 31
16 gk;M^k dzsu ds lqj{kk fu;e 33
17 ykWd vkmV Vsx vkmV 34
18 e’khu xkfMZ a x ds lqj{kk fu;e 36
19 Ldki!ksfYMax ds dke ds nkSjku lqj{kk 38
20 gS.M o ikoj VwYl lacaf/kr lqj{kk ds fu;e 42
21 xzkbafMax @ dfVax ds lqj{kk fu;e 43
22 i!LVZ&,sM (izkFkfed mipkj) ds U;wure fu;e 44
23 xSl dfVax lsQVh 46
24 vfXu o~ vfXu lqj{kk ds mik; 48
25 odZ ijfeV flLVe 50
26 eSU;qvy eVsfj;y gSaMfyax esa lqj{kk fd fu;e 52
27 esdsukbTM eVsfj;y gSaMfyax esa lqj{kk fu;e 53
28 ?kjksa esa lqj{kk ds fu;e 56
29 e’khu ’kkWi lsQVh 57
30 ekbal lsQVh ds fu;e 58
31 vkWfi!l esa lqj{kk ds fu;e 60
32 ih ih bZ ( oS;fDrd lqj{kk lalk/ku ) 61
33 i;kZoj.k lj{k.k lEcU/kh tkudkfj;ka 63
34 iSfdax IykaV es lqj{kk ds fu;e 64
35 jksM lsQVh 66
36 jsy lsQVh 69
37 V^d ;kMZ esa lqj{kk ds fu;e 72
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lqj{kk izkFkZuk
gs Ã'oj vkius gesa ;g 'kjhj vkSj thou fn;k gS A rqEgh blds ikyudrkZ g¨ A
ge vkils fcurh djrs gS fd] gesa cq)h ,oa cy n¨] rkfd ge nq?kZVukvksa d¨
Vky lds ,oa çfrfnu dke ds ckn lqjf{kr ?kj y©Vsa A
esgur gekjk deZ gSA lqj{kk gekjk /keZ gSA
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lqj{kk D;k gS \
lqj{kk dk eryc gS [krjä ij fu;a=.kA gj dke esa [krjs o~ nq?kZVuk güs dh fjLd g¨rh gS exj bl fjLd d¨
mfpr lko/kkuh ysdj bruk de fd;k tk ldrk gS dh nq?kZVuk güs dh laHkkouk fcYdqy uk jgsaA blh d¨
ls¶Vh eSustesaV cÿrs gSA
nq?kZVuk,a lkekU;rk vlqjf{kr fØ;kvksa o~ vlqjf{kr fLFkr;ä ls g¨rh gSA dqN ,d %ds yxHkx nq?kZVuk,a
çkÑfrd o~ nSfod vkinkvksa ls g¨rh gSA e¨Vs r©j is nsa[ks r¨ vlqjf{kr fLFkfr;ka ge y¨x gh dN
q u dN
q vljqf{kr
fØ;k djds gh djrs gSA tSls [kqnkÃ djds xM~<k [k¨nk vkSj fcuk csfjdsM djds N¨M+ fn;kA r¨ geus csfjdsM uk
djds ,d vlqjf{kr fØ;k dh vkSj vc ;g fdlh vkSj ds fy, vlqjf{kr fLFkfr cu tkrh gSA vr% T;knkrj
nq?kZVuk,a vlqjf{kr fØ;kvksa ls g¨rh gSA ;g lc vlqjf{kr fØ;k,a ge lc y¨x gh djrs gSA vxj ge buis
fu;a=.k j[k ys tk,¡ r¨ nq?kZVuk,a cpkÃ tk ldrh gSA gekjs dk;Z ds çfr O;ogkj ,sls g¨ t¨fd lqjf{kr g¨ vkSj
muesa nq?kZVuk güs dh laHkkouk uk gÄ ;g rHkh laHko g¨xk tc ge lqj{kk ds çfr tkx:d jgsaA lHkh lqj{kk
fu;eä dk ikyu djsaA nq?kZVukvksa dk gsufjp fijkfeM uhps fp= ds ek/;e ls crk;k x;k gSA fdlh Hkh cM+h
nq?kZVuk dk ewy dkj.k dk;Z ds çfr vlqjf{kr O;ogkj gSA vxj HkkX; lkFk uk ns r¨ g¨ ldrk gS dh igyk gh
vulsQ ,DV cM+h nq?kZVuk esa ifjofrZr g¨ tk,¡A
Fatal
1
vxj gesa Åij dh fdlh cM+h nq?kZVuk ls cpuk gS r¨ uhps vlqjf{kr fØ;kvksa d¨ Serious Injuries /
j¨duk g¨xkA gesa dke ds çfr ltx o~ lrdZ jguk g¨xkA gesa lqj{kk O;oLFkk LWCs
30
d¨ vPNk j[kuk iM+sxk o~ fu;eä dk ikyu djuk g¨xkA rHkh tkds ge MTCs
nq?kZVukvksa d¨ nwj Hkxk ldrs gSA vxj ge vlqjf{kr fØ;k,a djrs jgsaxs r¨ 300
[krjs gekjs pkj¨ rjQ eaMjkrs jgsaxsA nq?kZVukvksa ls gesa r¨ p¨V yxrh gh Near miss, FACs, Others
3000
gS] exj blds lkFk gekjs Åij fuHkZj lHkh O;fDr Hkh ijs'kku g¨rs gSA
cM+h nq?kZVuk esa r¨ iwjk ifjokj gh fNUu fHkUu g¨ tkrk gSA vr% 3000
At risk behaviors/UCs/UAs
d¨Ã Hkh ,slk dke uk djsa t¨ lqjf{kr uk gÄ ge lc dk
thou vewY; gS] bldh j{kk djsaA dke d¨ lko/kkuh ls lHkh lqj{kk fu;eä dk /;ku j[krs gq, ,sls djsa dh
ftlesa uk r¨ Lo;a dh nq?kZVuk g¨ vkSj uk gh fdlh vkSj dhA lqj{kk lcdh gS] lqj{kk lc ds fy, gS vkSj lcds
}kjk g¨rh gSA
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thou j{kd fu;e
lHkh dkeä dh 'kq#vkr odZ ijfeV@ ,l MCyw ih vkSj vko';d ih ih Ã ds lkFk gÄ
ÅtkZ J¨rä dk vkblÿs'ku djrs oDr y¨V¨ ds lHkh fu;eä dk vuqikyuA
ÅapkÃ ij dk;Z djrs oDr odZ ,V gkbV LVS.MMZ esa funZsf'kr dh xÃ lHkh 'krZä dk vuqikyu
lqjf{kr osfYMax vkSj xSl dfVax] lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,] vko';d 'krkZas dk vuqikyu
lhfer LFkkuä esa ços'k djrs oDr lhfer LFkkuä ds lHkh fu;eä dk vuqikyu
fu;j fel rFkk nq?kZVukvksa d¨ lwfpr djuk
Åij fyf[kr fdlh Hkh fu;eä dk mYya?ku] ns[k ds vxj vki vuns[kk djrs gS r¨ vki
bl fu;e ds rgr tckc nsg gäxsA
e c ious !
Pr
Life is
We care for it
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[kqnkbZ ds nkSjku lqj{kk
lkekU;r;k fuekZ.k o~ lq/kkj ds dkeä ds le; [kqnkÃ dk dke fd;k tkrk gS A [kqnkÃ ds dke esa xgjs xM~<ä esa
feVVh ds Qldus dk [krjk jgrk gSA fdlh dscy] ikbiykbu o~ vU; tehu ds uhps ls tkus okyh ;wfVfyVh
lfoZlst ds MSest güs dk Mj cuk jgrk gSA xgjs xM~<ä esa tgjhyh xSl dh mifLFkfr o~ vkWDlhtu dh de
ek=k tSlh laHkkoukvksa ls Hkh udkjk ugha tk ldrk gSA dscy ds dVus ls fo|qr >Vdk o~ vkdZ ¶+yS'k tSlh
nq?kZVuk,a Hkh g¨ ldrh gSA
bu lc reke [krjä ls cpus ds fy, [kqnkÃ ds le; fuEufyf[kr lqj{kk fu;eä dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A
o~
25
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xM~<s dh fdukjh ij d¨Ã eVsfj;y tSls dh feV~Vh] ckyw] fxV~Vh] lfj;k]
LVhy] 'kVfjax bR;kfn u j[ksA bl rjg ls ;s eVsfj;y xM~<s ds fy, vksoj
cMZu curk gS vkSj xM~<s esa fQly ds fxj Hkh ldrk gSA eVsfj;y çoa/ku
dk mfpr bartke lqfuf'pr djsA
,d ehVj ;k mlls de xgjs xM~<ä esa lwpd csfjdsM Hkh yxk;s tk ldrs gSA
lwpd csfjdsM de ls de 6 QhV dh nwjh ij jgs rFkk mues n¨ ykbu esa jsM
Vsi yxk gük pkfg, ¼ ,d 21 bap ÅapkÃ is] vkSj nwljk 42 bap is ½
1 ehVj ;k mlls T;knk xgjs xM~<ä esa j{kkRed ;k gkMZ csfjdsM yxkuk pkfg,A ,sls csfjdsM de ls de
fdukjs ls 3 QhV dh nwjh ij jgs rFkk mues n¨ ykbu esa ikbi yxs g¨ ¼ ,d 21 bap ÅapkÃ is] vkSj nwljk
42 bap is ½- bl rjg ds csfjdsM brus etcwr g¨ dh o¨ 100 fdy¨xzke Q+¨lZ ds /kDds d¨ lg ldsA
xkfM+;ä dk vkokxeu xM~<ä dh fdukjh ls de ls de QhV dh nwjh is g¨ ;k fQj xM~<s dh xgjkÃ ls 1-5
xqukA t¨ Hkh T;knk g¨] ds fglkc ls djuk pkfg,A
jkr esa xM~<ä esa ykbV dk çoa/k gük pkfg, rFkk muis pednkj csfjdsM ;k fj¶ysfDVo ykbV yxkuk pkfg,
rkfd o¨ vkus tkus okyä d¨ vkxkg dj ldsA
[kqnkÃ ds dke ij psrkouh c¨MZ tSls lko/kku [kqnkÃ dk dke pkyw gS] yxkuk pkfg, vkSj t#jr vuqlkj
VªSfQd MkÃ otZu ds mfpr bartke lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A
fctyh ls pyus okys VwYl o~ midj.kä ds dusDlu 3 feyh ;sfEivj fVªfiax lsaflfVfoVh okyh Ã ;y lh ch
ls djuk pkfg,A rFkk dscyä d¨ Åij Åij ls :V djuk pkfg,A
xM~<ä esa vxj ikuh tek güs dh fLFkfr g¨ vkSj xgjkÃ QhV ;k mlls T;knk g¨] r¨ fdukjä is dke djrs
le; ls¶Vh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djsA rFkk gkuZsl d¨ ykbQykbu ;k fdlh vU; etcwr vk/kkj ls ck¡/k ds jD[ksA
xM~<ä esa ikuh ds teko ls feV~Vh dk dVko o~ {kj.k g¨rk gS vkSj lkbM ds Qldus dk [krjk c<+ tkrk gSA
vr% tek ikuh d¨ yxkrkj ckgj fudkyrs jgsA fudys gq, ikuh d¨ dgh nwj Mªsu esa mRlftZr djs rkfd o¨
okil xM~<s esa u vk;sA
15 QhV ls T;knk xgjs xM~<ä esa] xSl ekfuVfjax djsA ,slh txgä is osafVys'ku o~ vkWDlhtu dh mfpr ek=k
¼ 19 % ls 23-5 ds chp esa½ dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsA
[k+jkc e©le] okfj'k] rwQ+ku ds ckn xM~<ä dh iqu% tkap djds gh dke pkyw djsaA vxj dgh d¨Ã vlqjf{kr
fLFkfr feyrh gS r¨ mlis mfpr dk;Zokgh djds gh nqckjk dke pkyw djsA
VªSfQd ds vkokxeu ckyh txgä is [kqnkÃ djrs le;] ,d flXuy eSu j[kuk pkfg,A
[kqnkÃ dh txg is lqfuf'pr djs dh dgh d¨Ã LdkQ¨fYMax o~ LVªDpj r¨ ugha gSA vxj gS r¨ 'k¨fjax]
Ly¨fiax ;k vfrfjfDr li¨VZ dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djds gh dke pkyw djsA
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[kqnkÃ ds n©jku vpkud dgh d¨Ã dscy ;k ikbiykbu feyrh gS r¨ bldh lwpuk rqjar lqijokbtj d¨ nsA
[kqnkÃ ds n©jku vaMj dfVax u djsA blls lkbM ds vpkud QVus o~ Qldus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
xM~<ä esa gkMZ csfjdsM yxk;s rkfd d¨Ã xyrh ls xM~<s esa fxjs o~ fQlys ughaA
xM~<ä esa mi;¨x güs okyh lh<h dh p©M+kÃ 300 feyhehVj g¨ rFkk mles yxs MaMs 300 feyhehVj ds varjky
is gÄ lh<h mfpr yEckÃ dh güh pkfg, rFkk dke pykÅ lh<h dk bLrseky u djsA
xM~<ä ds fdukjs is ywt eVsfj;y u j[ks] ugha r¨ bl rjg ds

lkeku yqMd dj xM~<ä esa fxj ldrs gSA
[kqnkÃ ds dke ij lHkh t#jr ds ih ih Ã tSls ls¶Vh 'kwt]

ls¶Vh gsyesV] xe cwV] tSdsV] MLV ekLd] bvj Iyx] pLek
gsaM XyOl] gkuZsl bR;kfn dk bLrseky djsaA
'k¨fjax djus ds fy, vPNh daMhlu ds eVsfj;y tSls 'khV]

ydM+h] ikbi] che] pSusy bR;kfn dk bLrseky djsA Ly¨fiax
ds fy, LyÏdfVax o~ LVsi dfVax dj ldrs gSA
Ly¨fiax djus ds fy, feV~Vh ds xq.k/keZ ds fglkc ls ,axy vkWQ+ fji¨t lqfuf'pr djs A t¨fd uhps dh Vscy
esa fn;k x;k gSA
feV~Vh ds izdkj LV^sVk ds izdkj csvjhax dSiflVh vf/kdre Lyksi vf/kdre Lyksi
Vu @ ehVj2 vuqikr fMxzh es
fLFkj jkWd lkWfyM jkWd] 45 ls 90 ofVZdy 90

flesaVsM ’ksy
Vkbi A lkWQV vkSj gkMZ 20 ls 45 0-75 % 1 53
eq:e
Vkbi B Dys vkSj dksgsflo 15 ls 20 1 % 1 45

feV~Vh
Vkbi C CySd dkWVu] lSaMh] 0 ls 15 1-5 % 1 34
czksdu jkWd] xzsoy
ywt lSaM 0 ls 4 2 % 1 26
Åij fy[kh gqÃ lko/kkfu;ä d¨ gesa [kqnkÃ djrs le; ikyu djuk pkfg, rkfd ge [kqnkÃ ds n©jku güs okyh
nq?kZVukvksa d¨ Vky ldsA
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mapkbZ ds dke ds nkSjku lqj{kk
ejEer o~ fuekZ.k dk;¨Za esa T;knkrj dke ÅapkÃ ds g¨rs gSA vkSj bu dkeä ds n©jku ge y¨x vkLFkkÃ tqxkM+
tSls LdkQ¨fYMax bR;kfn dk bLrseky djds dke djrs gSA dkj[kkuä esa T;knkrj dke ÅapkÃ ds gh g¨rs gSA
ÅapkÃ ds dke¨ esa n¨ e¨Vs [krjs g¨rs gSA ,d r¨ ÅapkÃ ls fxjuk rFkk nwljk ÅapkÃ ls fdlh lkeku dk fxjukA
dkj[kkuä esa yxHkx 40 ls 50 çfr'kr nq?kZVuk;s ÅapkÃ ls lEcaf/kr dkeä esa g¨rh gSA bu nq?kZVukvksa ls cpus ds
fy, gesa dkQh ltx güs ds t#jr g¨rh gSA dke dk lgh fjLd vlslesaV gük cgqr t#jh g¨rk gSA
,sls dkeä esa gj ,d dkexkj dk ls¶Vh ds çfr leiZ.k t#jh g¨rk gSA dHkh dHkh fdlh vkSj dh xyrh ls
gekjh nq?kZVuk g¨ tkrh gSA
vkb;s ÅapkÃ is dke ds le;] lqj{kk fu;eä ds ckjs esa tkusA
ÅapkÃ is dke ds ,sls LFkku tgk¡ ls fxjus dk [krjk g¨ vkSj ogka d¨Ã LFkk;h lqj{kk O;oLFkk tSls xkMZ jsy
bR;kfn u gä r¨ ogka is ÅapkÃ is dke djus ds fu;e ykxw g¨rs gSA 1-8 ehVj is ;k mlls Åij ds dke tgk¡
LFkk;h IysVQkeZ ugha gä] r¨ ogka LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ o~ lh<+h yxkdj dke djuk pkfg,A
tgk¡ is LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ yxkuk laHko u g¨ r¨ ,slh txgä is i¨VZscy IysVQkeZ] e¨ckby IysVQkeZ ;k cwe
fy¶V bR;kfn dk mi;¨x djds ÅapkÃ is dke djuk pkfg,A
ÅapkÃ is dke ls igys fjLd vlslesaV djds lqj{kk ds lgh bart+ke lfquf'pr djuk pkfg,A
ÅapkÃ is dke ds le;] uhps ds ,fj;k esa mfpr csfjdsM djuk pkfg, rFkk psrkouh c¨MZ Hkh yxkuk t#jh gSA
1-8 ehVj is ;k mlls Åij ds ÅapkÃ ds dke esa n¨ ySU;kMZ okyh ls¶Vh gkuZsl iguuk vfuok;Z gSA ls¶Vh
gkuZsl d¨ fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ls gqd djuk u HkwysA vius da/ks ds yscy ij ckM+h gkuZsl dh ySU;kMZ d¨ gqd
djuk lcls vPNk gSA blls fdlh fLFkfr esa fxjus ds ckn 'kjhj is de >Vdk vkrk gSA
ÅapkÃ ls p<+rs mrjrs le; ckM+h gkuZsl dh ,d ySU;kMZ d¨ ges'kk lh<+h ls gqd djds j[ksA vkSj ,d [kÿ¨
vkSj ,d gqd djrs gq, ÅapkÃ ls p<+s mrjsA blh rjg ÅapkÃ ij ,d txg ls nwljh txg tkrs le; ckM+h
gkuZsl dh ,d ySU;kMZ d¨ ges'kk gqd djds j[kuk pkfg,A
ÅapkÃ ij che] 'ksM ds fdukjä] LVªDpj bjsDlu] ikbiykbu bR;kfn is dke ds n©jku vxj jSf[kd ewoesaV gS
r¨ ,slh txgä is lqnz.k ykbQykbu dh O;oLFkk djuh pkfg,A ykbQykbu dh {kerk 2300 fdy¨xzke çfr
O;fDr güh pkfg,A
ySMj is jgrs gq, ÅapkÃ dk dke djuk ç¨Rlkfgr ugha djuk pkfg,A
vxj djrs gS r¨ ySMj ca/kh gqÃ güh pkfg, ;k d¨Ã bls idM+ ds j[kuk
pkfg,A rFkk ls¶Vh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
tqxkMw phtä tSls vk;y cSjsy] Mªe] dqlhZ bR;kfn dk IysVQkeZ ds tSls
mi;¨x ugha djuk pkfg,A
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ÅapkÃ ds dke ds uhps vxj csfjdsfMax laHko ugha gS r¨ ls¶Vh usV dk bLrseky
djuk pkfg,A
esu fy¶V ls ÅapkÃ is dke djrs le; ls¶Vh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
ls¶Vh gkuZsl d¨ Lfçadyj ikbfiax] baLVªwesaV Vqfcax] du³;wV] dscy Vªs bR;kfn ls
ugha cka/kuk pkfg,A
ÅapkÃ is dke djrs le; LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ esa d¨Ã vksifuax ugha güh pkfg,
rFkk blesa xkMZ jsy] V¨ c¨MZ yxs gÄ
e/kqeD[kh NqVkus ls igys lgh fjLd dk vkdyu djsA rFkk lEcaf/kr ih ih Ã

tSls gqM] ,sçku] XyOl bR;kfn dk mi;¨x djsA
ÅapkÃ is dke djus dh txg tgk¡ ls fxjus dk [krjk g¨] ogka xkMZ jsy yxkuk pkfg,A
V‚i jsy 1050 feyhehVj ij] feM jsy 525 feyhehVj ij] V¨ c¨MZ 150 feyhehVj
lkbt+ dk g¨rk gSA
IysVQkeZ ij vxj d¨Ã lkeku j[kuk g¨ r¨] feM jsy vkSj V¨ c¨MZ ds chp esa LØhu
yxkuk pkfg,A ftlds dh d¨Ã lkeku uhps u fxjsA
ÅapkÃ ij dke dh txg is vxj d¨Ã vksifuax gS vkSj ogka ls d¨Ã fxj ldrk gS r¨ mUgsa vPNh rjg ls
jsfyax yxkdj ;k xzsfVax ls doj djds ç¨VsDV djuk pkfg,A
lh<+h o~ thuk p<+rs mrjrs le; gsaM jsy dk ç;¨x vo'; djs rFkk gkFkä
esa d¨Ã lkeu idM+ ds lh<+h u p<+sA
ls¶Vh usV d¨ vdsys Qky ç¨VsDlu ds fy, mi;¨x u djsA ls¶Vh usV d¨
dke djus okys IysVQkeZ ftruk utnhd g¨ lds mruk utnhd yxk;sA
vkSj usV vkSj IysVQkeZ ds fcp xSi 25 QhV ls T;knk ugha gük pkfg, A
bysfDVªdy ds dkeä esa esVy ySMj dk mi;¨x oftZr gSA ,slh txg ydM+h dh lh<+h dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
lh<+h d¨ ysoy txg ij yxkuk pkfg, rFkk bls ck¡/k ds j[kuk pkfg,A lh<+h ySafMax i‚baV ls yxHkx 1 ehVj
Åij fudyh güh pkfg,A dke pykÅ lh<+h dk bLrseky ugha djuk pkfg,A lh<+h d¨ dke ls igys psd dj
ys dh dgh d¨Ã fMQsDV r¨ ugha gSA
,LcsLVl 'khV fjIyslesaV ds dke esa ykbQykbu] Økfyax c¨MZ dk mi;¨x vfuok;Z gSA rFkk ,sls vfr t¨f[ke
Hkjs dkeä dk lgh fjLd vlslesaV djsaA
eadh ySMj esa gj 9 ehVj ds ckn ,d ySafMax IysVQkeZ gük pkfg,A rFkk eadh ySMj t¨fd 3 ehVj ;k mlls
T;knk ÅapkÃ dh gS r¨ mues dst gük pkfg,A dst fLVªi Dyh;jsal yxHkx 700 feyhehVj gük pkfg,A
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ySafMax IysVQkeZ esa LuSi psu yxkuk pkfg, ftlls dh d¨Ã ,Dlsl dh vksifuax ls uhps u fxjsA
gS.M jsy ls yVddj dke u djsA vkSj vxj gS.M jsy ls ckgj fudy ds dke dj jgs gS r¨ ls¶Vh gkuZsl
iguuk vfuok;Z gSA
i¨VZscy ySMj d¨ lkekU;r;k 75 fMxzh ds ,axy ij yxk;sA bldk eryc 1%4 ¼ g‚fjt‚UVy : oVhZdy ½
Ldk¶Q¨fYMax dk dke djrs le; Qky ç¨VsDlu dk mi;¨x djuk vfuok;Z gSA vxj Ldk¶QŸM cukrs
le; etcwr o~ LVscy ugha gS r¨ ckM+h gkuZsl dh ySU;kMZ fdlh vU; etcwr vk/kkj ls cka/ksA bls djus ds
fy, js=SDrscy ykbQykbuA Qky vjsLVj o~ vU; vk/kqfud lk/ku dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
[k+jkc e©le o~ rwQku esa LdkQ¨fYMax dk dke ugha djuk pkfg,A
Lyï :Q is dke djus ls igys ykbQykbu] ,adj i‚baV~l dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djs ysA
¶ySV :Q ¼ t¨fd Ýkft,y ugha gS ½ ds fdukjs ls 6 QhV ds vUnj dke ds le; ckM+h gkuZsl igu ds dke
djuk vfuok;Z gSA rFkk ,adj i‚baV etcwr gük pkfg,A
lhfer LFkku ds vUnj ÅapkÃ is dke djrs le; c‚Mh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djs rFkk bls fdlh etcwr vk/kkj
ls gqd djuk u HkwysA
y¨fMaxA vuy¨fMax ds le; 1-8 ehVj ;k mlls T;knk ÅapkÃ is dke gS vkSj fxjus dk [krjk g¨ ldrk gS
r¨ ls¶Vh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djsA
ÅapkÃ is dke djus okys lHkh y¨x¨ dk mfpr çf'k{k.k vfuok;Z gSA ckM+h gkuZsl d¨ lgh rjhds ls igus] ;s
u T;knk VkbV g¨ vkSj u gh T;knk ywt gük pkfg,A
c‚Mh gkuZsl dh daMhlu dh le; le; is tkap djrs jgsA vxj [k+jkc g¨ xÃ g¨ r¨ bls fcuk fdlh nsjh
ds cny ysA uqdhyh lrgä is gkuZsl d¨ gqd u djs blls jLlh ds dVus dk Mj jgrk gSA ckM+h gkuZsl dh
nüä jfLl;ä d¨ xk¡B ck¡/k ds u j[ksA
ckM+h gkuZsl d¨ mi;¨x ds ckn lkQ+ lqFkjh txg is LV¨j djsA
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osfYMax lsQVh
osfYMax dk dke ge y¨x fuekZ.k o~ esafVusal ds dkeä esa djrs gSA osfYMax ds dke esa vkx] foLQ¨V o~ tyus
dk [krjk jgrk gSA osfYMax dÃ çdkj dh g¨rh gS tSls vkdZ osfYMax] fVx csfYMax] fex osfYMax bR;kfnA
osfYMax ds dkeä d¨ lqjf{kr <ax ls djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lqj{kk lko/kkfu;ä d¨ viuk,aA
osfYMax ds dke d¨ dq'ky o~ çf'kf{kr dkexkj gh djsaA
osfYMax e'khu dh Mcy c‚Mh vfFkZax güh pkfg;sa rFkk

blds dusDlu Ã ,y lh ch ds ek/;e ls güs pkfg,A
osfYMax e'khu dh dscy esa t‚baV ugha g¨ rFkk vxj

fdlh dkj.k t‚baV vkrk gS r¨ mls balqysVsM dusDVj
ds ek/;e ls cukuk pkfg,A
osfYMax e'khu d¨ ,d 'ksM ;k cwFk esa j[kuk pkfg;saA

rFkk dscy dk lqjf{kr ysvkmV gük pkfg, ftlls dh
¶y¨j bR;kfn is d¨Ã Qldj fxjs ughaA
osfYMax e'khu d¨ psd djds VSx yxkuk pkfg,A ftldk eryc gS dh e'khu mi;¨x ds fy, fQV gSA
t‚c ij fjVuZ yhM d¨ Mk;jsDV dusDV djsaA fdlh ikbiykbu] pSusy] ,axy] lfj;k ls vfFkZax uk ys A
osfYMax e'khu ds VfeZuy i‚baV balqysVsM ;k doj güs pkfg;saA
osfYMax gŸMj esa bysDVª¨M yxk gqvk t‚c is u N¨M+saA bysDVª¨M d¨ fudky nsA blls nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA
cpk gqvk bysDVª¨M fdlh c‚Dl esa tek djsaA b/kj m/kj uk QsadsA
osfYMax djrs le; mfpr 'ksM uacj dk csfYMax 'khYM dk mi;¨x djsaA rFkk ,çu] LyhOl] ysnj gS.M XyOl
dk mi;¨x djsaA csfYMax d¨ ns[kus okys y¨x MkdZ ls¶Vh pLek dk mi;¨x djsaA vkdZ dh ped ls vk¡[kä
esa tyu g¨ ldrh gSA
ÅapkÃ ij osfYMax djrs le;] fxjus ckys LikdZ d¨ j¨dus ds fy, csfYMax CysadsV o~ th vkÃ 'khV dk mi;¨x
djsaA uhps ls tyus okyh lHkh oLrqvksa o~ æoä d¨ gVk nsaA ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM djuk u HkwysA g‚V odZ dh
txg ds uhps fdlh d¨ ugha gük pkfg,A
can dejs esa csfYMax djrs le; mfpr osUVys'ku d¨ lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg;saA
xhyh txg is csfYMax djrs le; mfpr lko/kkuh cjrsaA ugha r¨ djaV yxus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
vk;y Mªe] cSjsy d¨ csfYMax bysDVª¨M ls uk dkVsaA blls foLQ¨V güs dk [krjk jgrk gSA ,sls dke dŸM
odZ djds fd;s tkrs gSA
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can dejä esa] fdlh isaVsM ljQsl is osfYMax ls igys] isaV d¨ LfVªi vkmV dj ns] rFkk mfpr osUVys'ku dh
O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsaA
osfYMax dscYl d¨ fctyh dh dscy o~ xSl g¨t ls nwj j[ksaA vkSj bUgsa lqjf{kr <ax ls ¶y¨j ij Åij Åij
:V djsaA
lhfer LFkkuä esa osfYMax ds le;] mfpr osUVys'ku dh O;oLFkk d¨ lqfuf'pr djsaA
VªkalQkeZj Vkbi dh osfYMax e'khu dk mi;¨x u djsaA
pkyw e'khu dh osfYMax dscYl d¨ gkFkä ds Åij jhy u djsaA
ls¶Vh gsyesV ds lkFk tqM+us okyh osfYMax 'khYM dk mi;¨x djsaA ftlls dh csfYMax ds le; lj iwjk
ç¨VsDVsM jgrk gSA
g‚V odZ ds ikl ,d Qk;j flfyaMj vFkok lSaM cdsV] ikuh dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsaA
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dUos;j csYV esa lqj{kk fu;e
gekjs IykaV esa dUos;j ds }kjk ykbeLVü] ,fMfVo] ftIle] fDyadj] ¶ykÃ ,s'k] bR;kfn dk gLrkukarj.k fd;k
tkrk gSA ,sls IykaVä esa dUos;j dk cgqr ç;¨x g¨rk gSA dUos;j ds vkWijs'ku] baLisD'ku] esaVsusal o~ lQkÃ ds
n©jku ;fn vko';d lko/kkuh uk j[ksa r¨ xaHkhj nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA vr% dUos;j ij dke djrs le;
fuEufyf[kr lko/kkfu;ka j[kuh pkfg,A
;g ges'kk lqfuf'pr dj ys fd dUos;j csYV ds nüä rjQ
iqy dkMZ yxk gqvk gS rFkk ;s lgh o~ pkyw voLFkk esa gSA
dUos;j ds lHkh ?kwers Hkkxä tSls Mªkbo rFkk Vsy iqyh]

difyax bR;kfn ij lqj{kk xkMZ yxs gäA
dUos;j esa okfuZax lk;ju gük pkfg,A
dUos;j esa lkbM ds jkLrs lkQ+ lqFkjs güs pkfg,A
dUos;j esa d¨Ã esaVsusal o~ lkQ+ lQkÃ dk dke fouk ijfeV ds uk djsaA vkSj y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV
lqfuf'pr djsaA
dUos;j ds vkl ikl <hys <kys oL= igu ds dke uk djsaA
dUos;j d¨ Økl djus ds fy, mfpr Økl vksoj dk bLrseky djsaA
fdlh bejtsalh esa dUos;j esa yxh iqy dkMZ dk bLrseky djsaA
iqy dkMZ d¨ [khpus ls dUos;j can g¨ tkrk gSA
dUos;j is lkQ+ lQkÃ ds n©jku vf/kÑr vkStkjä dk bLrseky djsaA
dUos;j d¨ dHkh vksoj y¨M u djsaA
dUos;j ds lHkh fyfeV fLop pkyw gkyr esa güs pkfg,A
dUos;j xSyjh o~ fiV esa mfpr ykbV dk çca/k gük pkfg,A
dUos;j pkgsa pkyw g¨ ;k can g¨] gesa eku ds pyuk pkfg, dh

;s dHkh Hkh pkyw g¨ ldrs gSA
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bysfDV^dy lsQVh
vkt ds vk/kqfud thou esa bysfDVªflVh ,d cqfu;knh t#jr cu pqdh gSA IykaV esa fctyh cukÃ Hkh tkrh gS
vkSj bls fofHkUu dkeä ds fy, mi;¨x Hkh fdvk tkrk gSA ?kjä esa Hkh ge y¨x fctyh d¨ fofHkUu dkeä ds fy,
mi;¨x djrs gSA bysfDVªflVh vxj lgh <ax ls mi;¨x u dh tk;s r¨ cgqr gh [krjukd o~ tkuysok lkfcr g¨
ldrh gS A bysfDVªflVh fe= ds lkFk 'k=q Hkh gSA vxj r©j rjhds ls bLrseky u dh tk;sA fctyh ds dkeä
esa] fctyh dk >Vdk yxuk] 'k¨VZ lfdZV gük] vkx yxuk] vkdZ ¶+yS'k ls ty tkuk tSls reke [krjs g¨rs gSA
bu lc [krjä ls cpus ds fy, ge lc d¨ fo|qr lqj{kk ls lacaf/kr ckrä dk tkuuk cgqr t#jh gSA
fo|qr lqj{kk lEcU/kh dqN lqj{kk fcUnq bl çdkj gSA
lHkh bysfDVªdy VwYl] midj.kä dh mi;¨x ls igys daMh'ku psd
djuk pkfg,A bu lc d¨ vkÃ ,l vkÃ vFkok lh Ã ls
çekf.kr gük pkfg,A vxj buesa d¨Ã fMQsDV ik;k tkrk gS r¨
bldh lwpuk rqjar vius lqijokbtj d¨ nsA
fo|qRk midj.kä esa Mcy c‚Mh vfFkZax dk çko/kku lqfuf'pr djsaA
dsoy vf/kÑr O;fDr gh fctyh ds dkeä d¨ djsA
byfsDVd
ª y iusy :e eas vkdZ ¶y
+ 'Sk] 'k‚d gtkMZ ckmM
a hª dh ekfdx
aZ djs rFkk bu fu/kkfZjr lhekvkas dk ikyu djAas
vkdZ ¶+yS'k] 'k‚d gtkMZ ckmaMªh ds vUnj dke güs is mfpr ih ih Ã tSls vkdZ ¶+yS'k lwV] bysfDVªdy gS.M
XyOl] ls¶Vh 'kwt] pLek bR;kfn dk bLrseky djsaA Prohibited Restricted The closest distance to
exposed live parts a
‘qualified’ person can
bysfDVªdy gS.M VwYl] ykbfVax lfdZV] ds fy, approach without proper
PPE and tools.
Ã ,y lh ch dk çko/kku gük pkfg,A Ã ,y lh ch Energlzed
To cross this boundary,
dh fVªfiax lsafLVfoVh 30 feyh ,sfEivj gük pkfg,A
part
the qualified person
12 inches for must wear PPE and
480 volts have proper tools.
bysfDVªdy VwYl o~ midj.kä d¨ mudh dscYl is ugha
Vkaxuk pkfg,A
dk;ZLFky ij fctyh dh dscYl d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls

:V djuk pkfg,A
bysfDVªdy isuy ds lkeus çekf.kr jcj eSV fcNkuk pkfg,A
bysfDVªdy vkblÿs'ku djus ls igys lqfuf'pr dj ys dh

lEcaf/kr Mªkbo can gSA ugha r¨ vkdZ ¶+yS'k g¨ ldrk gSA
,Ldkoslu ijfeV is Dyh;jsal nsus ls igys] Mªkbax psd djs dh dgh d¨Ã dscy r¨ ugh gS] dscy fMVsDVj ls
psd djsA rFkk vxj d¨Ã dscy ik;h tkrh gS r¨ dscy dh i‚oj vkWQ djs ;k t#jh lqj{kk lko/kkuh crk,¡]
vkSj bu lc ds ckn gh [kqnkÃ ds fy, vFkok Dyh;jsal nsA
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bysfDVªdy VwYl dk mi;¨x djrs le;] l‚dsV esa uaxs rkj uk yxk;saA ,slk djus ls djaV yx ldrk gSA
bysfDVªdy ,DlVsa'ku dscy esa t‚baV ugha gük pkfg,A vxj fdlh dkj.k o'k t‚baV vkrk gS r¨ mls
esy & Qhesy dusDVj ls cuk;sA
bysfDVªdy VwYl] e'khu ds pkyw gkyr esa Iyx u fudkysaA igys e'khu can djs fQj Iyx fudkysA
vLFkk;h bysfDVªdy dscYl d¨ tehu ls yxHkx 2-4 ehVj dh ÅapkÃ ij fdlh fo|qr voj¨/kh vk/kkj ls ;k
lw[kh ydM+h ds li¨VZ vFkok vk/kkj ls ys tk;sA
fdlh 600 oŸVl ls T;knk dh ok;fjax esa Qsaflax vFkok cSfj;j yxk;s ftlls dh d¨Ã vukf/kÑr O;fDr
vUnj uk tk ldsA
de oŸVst ds bysfDVªdy VwYlA midj.k dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
Mcy balqysVsM bysfDVªdy gS.M VwYl dk mi;¨x djuk

T;knk lqjf{kr g¨rk gSA
ysM cSVjh cSad :e esa vPNk osafVys'ku gük pkfg, rFkk

,d ,Xt‚LV QSu yxkuk pkfg,A
ysM cSVjh :e esa 200 xzke ykbe ikmMj j[kuk pkfg,A
baMfLVª;y Fkzh fiu Iyx V‚i dk mi;¨x bysfDVªdy dusD'ku djus ds fy, djuk pkfg,A
lHkh lc LVs'ku esa n¨ ,aVªh o~ ,fXtV i‚baV güs pkfg,A vkSj bu ij [kqn esa pedus ckys lkbu yxkus pkfg,A
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dzsu ls eVsfj;y fyfQVax ds le; lqj{kk
dzsu ls eVsfj;y fyf¶VaxA f'kf¶Vax djrs le; dHkh dHkh Hkkj fLyaxA Mh 'kSdy ds Qsy güs dh ctg ls fxj
tkrk gS] rFkk dHkh Øsu iyV tkrh gS ;k cwe csaM g¨ tkrk gSA dHkh fdlh dh yVds Hkkj ds fxjus o~ mlds
uhps ncus ls Hkh nq?kZVuk g¨ tkrh gSA fctyh dh ykbUl ds vkl ikl fyf¶Vax djrs le; Hkh] fo|qr vi?kkr
dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa lquk x;k gSA ,slh nq?kZVuk,a eq[;r;k fyf¶Vax dh lgh Iykfuax u djus dh otg ls
g¨rh gSA rFkk lqj{kk ds fo"k; esa lgh tkudkjh u gük o~ vfrfo'okl bu nq?kZVukvksa dk ewy dkj.k curk gSA
vkb;s bu lc [krjä ls fuiVus ds fy, t#jh lqj{kk fu;eä ds ckjs esa tkusA
fdlh Hkh Øsu d¨ mi;¨x esa ysus ls igys] nh xÃ psdfyLV ds ek/;e ls fujh{k.k djsA bl dke d¨ djus ds
fy, IykaV esa vf/kÑr Øsu pSafi;u dh enn ysA
mi;¨x ds n©jku Øsu vkijsVj d¨] Øsu dh psfdax Msyh f'k¶V dk dke pkyw djus ls igys djuk pkfg,A
blds fy, ,d psdfyLV fu/kkZfjr dh xÃ gSA vxj d¨Ã fMQsDV feyrk gS r¨ bldh lwpuk rqjar vius
lqijokbtj d¨ nsA
mi;¨x ds n©jku lHkh Øsal dk ekfld fujh{k.k Øsu pSafi;u ds }kjk gük pkfg,A
mi;¨x ds n©jku lHkh Øsal dk lkykuk fujh{k.k] FkMZ ikVhZA daihVsaV ijlu ls gük vfuok;Z gSA Øsu dh
VsfLVax dk oS/; çek.k i= gük vfuok;Z gSA
lHkh fyf¶Vax fx;lZ tSls fLyax] Mh 'kSdy] iqYyh] Cykd] gqd] bR;kfn dh U;wure lkykuk VsfLVax FkMZ ikVhZA
daihVsaV ijlu ls gük vfuok;Z gSA VsfLVax dk oS/; çek.k i= gük vfuok;Z gSA blds ckctwn gj mi;¨x
ls igys Lo;a fyf¶Vax fx;lZ dh daMhlu psd dj ysA
lHkh Øsu esa ,l ,y Ã ] ,aVh Vw Cy‚fdax gük vfuok;Z gSA ,l ,y Ã ls irk yxrk gS dh ge fdruk y¨M
mBk jgs gSA daI;wVj esa lkeus jhfMax vk tkrh gSA vksoj y¨fMax güs ij ;g Øsu dh i‚oj d¨ dkV nsrk gSA
ogh ,aVh Vw Cy‚fdax] Vw Cy‚fdax d¨ j¨drk gS rFkk ,slk güs ij Øsu ds vkWijs'ku d¨ dkV nsrk gSA gkbMªk
Øsu esa ,l ,y Ã dk çko/kku oSdfYid gSA
dHkh Hkh fdlh Øsu o~ fyf¶Vax fx;lZ d¨ vksoj y¨M u djsA ,slk djus ls dHkh Hkh nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA
lqjf{kr {kerk ¼,l MCY;w ,y½ lHkh Øsu o~ fyf¶Vax fx;lZ is ekdZ gük pkfg,A ftlls dh dk;Z LFky is
irk yx lds blls fdruk rd y¨M mBk;k tk ldrk gSA
Mh 'kSdy ds fiu esa fo;j d¨ psd dj ys rFkk blds fiu dh txg cŸV d¨ uk MkysaA fiu dh pwM+h ejh gqÃ
u gÄ
lHkh psu CykdA foUp e'khu dh VsfLVax lkykuk FkMZ ikVhZA daihVsaV ijlu ls gük vfuok;Z gSA fcuk VsfLVax
fd;s gq;s psu Cykd mi;¨x u djsaA
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fyf¶Vax ls igys mBk;s tkus ckys y¨M dk lgh vkdyu dj ysA y¨M ds vkdkj] çdkj ] xq.k/keZ bR;kfn d¨
/;ku esa j[kdj vlslesaV djsaA
lqfuf'pr djs dh y¨M d¨ mBkus ds fy, Øsu dh lkÃV daMhlu] jsfM;l o~ y¨M pkVZ ds fglkc ls i;kZIr
{kerk gS dh ughaA y¨M pkVZ esa nh xÃ {kerk dk 90% gh Øsu dh {kerk d¨ eku ds pyuk pkfg,A
Øsu d¨ leku :i ls ysoy l‚fyM xzkmaM ij [kM+k djsA vkSj vxj

xzkmaM daMhlu lgh ugha gS r¨ lgh e¨VkÃ dh LVhy IysV bR;kfn Mkydj
vyx ls etcwrh çnku djsaA
vkmV fVªxj okyh Øsu esa] vkmV fVªxj ds uhps lÿ IysV Mkyuk u HkwysA
vxj fyf¶Vax fØfVdy fy¶V dh dsVsxjh esa vkrh gS r¨ Øsu pSafi;uA
fØfVdy fy¶V xzqi ls enn ysA
tc Hkkj n¨ Øsu ls mBkuk g¨] ;k dSisflVh y¨fMax > 80% g¨ ¼ ,l ,y

Ã ds lkFk½ ;k Hkkj 5 Vu ls T;knk g¨ r¨ mls fØfVdy fy¶V dgrs gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa fy¶V Iyku Øsu pSafi;u ls çekf.kr gük pkfg,A
Øsu ds gqd d¨ y¨M is m/okZ/kj :i ls yxk;saA vkSj y¨M d¨ cSysal

rjhds ls fLyax ds ek/;e ls dusDV djsA fLyax bR;kfn vPNh daMhlu
esa gük pkfg,A
fLyax esa vxj ,d ls vf/kd ysx gS r¨ lHkh ysx esa y¨M csysal
gük pkfg,A dHkh dHkh LçsMj che dk mi;¨x Hkh y¨M cSysal djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
y¨M d¨ igys tehu ls Fk¨Mk mBk;s vkSj fQj gŸM djs vkSj lc dqN
psd djds vkxs dh fyf¶Vax djsaA y¨M d¨ >Vds ls u mBk;sA /khjs /khjs
leku xfr ls fyf¶Vax djsaA
fyf¶Vax ds dke esa dq'ky dkexkj] fjxj] flXuy esu] Q¨jesu gük
pkfg,A flXuy esu d¨ ,d pednkj tSdsV iguuk pkfg,A
vkWijsVj o~ flXuy esu ds chp esa vPNk rkyesy gük pkfg,A
y¨M ds u¨dnkj fdukjä is fLyax fdlh l‚¶V iSM ds lkFk yxk;saA
blls fLyax ds dVus dk Mj jgrk gSA
y¨M ds lkFk VSx ykbu cka/ksa] vkSj y¨M ds fLoax d¨ gkFkä ls d.Vªÿ
u djsA cfYd jLlh ls y¨M fLoax d¨ d.Vªÿ djsaA
yVds Hkkj ds uhps ls u tk;s] o~ uhps u [kM+s gÄ fyf¶Vax ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM djuk u HkwysA psrkouh c¨MZ Hkh
yxk;sa dh lko/kku fyf¶Vax dk dke pkyw gSA
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dHkh Hkh VwVh QwVh] dke pykÅ xk¡B ckyh fLyax dk mi;¨x u djsA
Øsu fLoax djrs le;] dkmaVj osV dk Dyh;jsal tkap ysA rFkk Øsu esa fjolZ g‚uZ] fLoax vykeZ gük pkfg,A
tc dHkh Øsu dk mi;¨x cdsV ds ek/;e ls vkneh mBkus ds fy, fd;k tk;s r¨] cdsV VsLVsM o~ çekf.kr
güh pkfg;saA mlis ,l MCyw ,y fy[kk gük pkfg,A
35 fdyëhVj çfr ?kaVk ls T;knk gok esa fyf¶Vax u djsA

,d ls vf/kd Øsu ls y¨M mBkrs le;] ,d e/;orhZ fjxj j[kuk pkfg, t¨fd nüä Øsu vkWijsVlZ ds chp
rkyesy j[ks rFkk flXuy nsA ,sls dkeä esa mi;¨x dh tkus ckyh Øsal dh {kerk] gj Øsu ij vkus okys
vuqekfur y¨M ls 20% vf/kd gük pkfg,A
mBk;s tkus okys y¨M esa d¨Ã ywt eVsfj;y ugha güs pkfg,] ugha r¨ ;g ÅapkÃ is tkds fdlh ds Åij fxj
ldrs gSA
y¨M o~ pyrh gkyr esa] vkWijsVj t¨ Øsu ugha N¨M+uk pkfg,A Øsu pyrs le; e¨ckby Q+ü dk bLrseky u
djsA blls /;ku fcpfyr g¨rk gSA
fctyh ds ykbUl ls Øsu dh U;wure 6 ehVj dh nwjh güh pkfg,A vxj t#jr gS r¨ fctyh dh ykbu can
djds dke djsaA
Øsu ds gqd esa ,d ls vf/kd fLyax yxkus ds fy, Mh 'kSdy dk

bLrseky djsA vkSj Øsu ds gqd esa gqd ySp cgqr t#jh g¨rk gSA
fyf¶Vax yx dk mi;¨x ls igys iwjh tkap dj ysuh pkfg,A

rkfd mles d¨Ã osfYMax fMQsDV u gÄ Øsu gqd dh vksifuax bldh
LohÑr lhek ls 10% vf/kd ugha güh pkfg,A
Øsu dk gqd Qqy fyfeV is vkus ds ckn] foUp Mªe esa jï ds de ls
de 3 jkmaM gük t#jh gSA
ok;j jï fLyax d¨ vPNs rjhds ls LV¨j djs rkfd mues MSest u g¨
vkSj fdad u vk;sA
fyf¶Vax ,fj;k esa ok;j jÏl bR;kfn ls osfYMax ,aM i‚oj dscYl d¨ nwj j[ksA osfYMax dscy ds laidZ esa
vkus ds ckn ok;j jï 'k¨VZ lfdZV g¨dj dV ldrh gSA
fyf¶Vax f'kf¶Vax dk dke fcuk ijfeV ds u djsA v¡/ksjk güs is fyf¶Vax

uk djsaA mfpr ykbV dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsaA
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nq?kZVukvksa dh fjiksfVaZ x o~ bUosLVhxs'ku
IykaV esa güs okyh lHkh nq?kZVukvksa d¨ fji¨VZ fdvk tkuk pkfg,A vkSj fji¨VZ dh xÃ nq?kZVuk dk ,d Vhe
cukdj bUoLsVhx'sku gük pkfg, rkfd Hkfo"; eas ,l s h n?qkVZuk u güs ds fy, D;k D;k djuk gS dk irk yx ldAs
nq?kZVuk ds ckn feyh lh[k ds ckjs esa lacaf/kr lHkh O;fDr;ä ds lkFk tkudkjh lk>k djuh pkfg,A
nq?kZVukvksa d¨ dHkh fNik,a ughaA nq?kZVuk N¨Vh g¨ ;k cM+h fji¨VZ djsaA fji¨VZ u djus ij ge cM+h xyrh djrs
gS vkSj fQj ls oSlh ?kVuk nqckjk ?kVus ds fy, e©dk N¨M+rs gSA
d¨Ã ,slh ?kVuk ftlesa ge cky cky cp x, g¨ mls fu;j fel dgrs gSA bu fu;j fel baflMsaV d¨ t#j
fji¨VZ djsaA daiuh bu fu;j fel fji¨fVZax ds fy, 200 #i;s dk udn buke nsrh gSA fu;j fel bfalMVas ,d
psrkouh gS] vkSj bu psrkofu;ä ls feyh lh[k ds ek/;e ls gesa vius dke djus ds O;ogkj o~ flLVe d¨
lq/kkjus esa lgh mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
baflMsaV bUosLVhxs'ku djrs le;] QSDV dk irk yxk;s uk dh QkYV dkA
baflMsaV bUosLVhxs'ku dk m)s'; flQZ ;g gük pkfg, fd ,slh ?kVuk
nqckjk u ?kVus ds fy, gesa D;k D;k dne mBkus gSaA
baflMsaV bUosLVhxs'ku esa tkudkfj;ä d¨ Nqik;sa ugha] ,slk djus ls oSls baflMsaV
d¨ nqckjk uk güs ds fy, ge lgh dne ugha ys ik;saxsaA
baflMsaV bUosLVhxs'ku esa lacaf/kr O;fDr;ä d¨ iwjk lg;¨x djuk pkfg,A
baflMsaV ls feyh lh[k d¨ lacaf/kr lHkh txgä is ykxw djuk pkfg,A
nq?kZVukvksa ls thou fc[kjrk gS] bUgsa j¨dus ds fy, lqj{kk fu;eä dk ikyu djuk pkfg;saA
nq?kZVukvksa dh ewy tM+ gS vulsQ ,DV] gesa dk;Z ds çfr lqjf{kr O;ogkj j[kus pkfg,A vxj gekjs dk;Z ds
çfr O;ogkj lgh gS r¨ fdruh Hkh fo"ke fLFkfr D;ä u g¨] fdlh d¨ p¨V ugha yx ldrhA
dk;ZLFky ij ,slk vuqdwy okrkoj.k cuk,a dh lHkh nq?kZVukvksa d¨ fji¨VZ djus esa Mj uk eglwl djsaA
fdlh vulsQ fØ;k o~ nq?kZVuk ds chp esa flQZ HkkX; dk QdZ g¨rk gSA vlqjf{kr fØ;k dHkh Hkh nq?kZVuk dk
:i ys ldrs gSA gj fnu ydh fnu ugha g¨rk gSA
fdlh Hkh cM+h nq?kZVuk ls igys dÃ fu;j fel ?kVuk,¡ g¨rh gSA vc ge mUgsa u¨fVl dj ik,a ;k ughaA
çkÑfrd dkj.kä ls ?kVh ?kVukvksa is gekjk T;knk d.Vªÿ ugha g¨rk gS] exj ge muls cpko ds fy, mfpr
rS;kjh j[k ldrs gS ftlls dh de ls de [kkfe;ktk gÄ
gekjh nq?kZVuk fdlh vkSj dh xyrh ls Hkh g¨ ldrh gSA blfy, lHkh d¨ lqjf{kr <ax ls dke djus dh
t#jr g¨rh gSA
nq?kZVuk,a dHkh Hkh dgha Hkh g¨ ldrh gS vxj dke djus ds rjhds lqjf{kr ugha gSA gesa lqj{kk fu;eä dk /;ku
j[kuk iM+sxkA
nq?kZVukvksa dh fji¨fVZax 24 ?kaVs ds vUnj djsaA rFkk lkr fnu ds vUnj bldh tkap iM+rky djds lqj{kk ds
mfpr dne mBk;saA
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gkWV odZ ds nkSjku lsQVh
dkj[kkuä esa ge y¨x fofHkUu dkeä esa g‚V odZ djrs gSA mnkgj.k ds r©j is tSls osfYMax] dfVax] lŸMfjax]
xzkbafMax] fMªfyax] VfuZax] fefyax] g‚V eVsfj;y gSaMfyax bR;kfnA bu lc dkeä esa dÃ [krjs g¨rs gS tSls vkx
yx tkuk] ty tkuk] foLQ¨V g¨ tkuk] e'khu esa Ql tkuk] vk¡[kä esa p¨V yxuk bR;kfnA bu [krjä ls
cpus ds fy, gesa g‚V odZ ls tqMh lqj{kk dh ckrä d¨ tkuuk t#jh gSA bu lc fu;eä ds ikyu djus ls
nq?kZVukvksa ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
,slk ,fj;k t¨ dh çfrcaf/kr g¨ o~ Toyu'khy g¨ vkSj ogka tyus okyh phtä ds ges'kk güs dh laHkkouk g¨ r¨
mls ¶ysescy ,fj;kA fØfVdy ¶ysescy ,fj;k dgrs gSA tSls Mhty LV¨jst ,fj;k] Mhty vuy¨fMax ,fj;k]
Mhty iai :e fØfVdy ¶ysescy ,fj;k esa vkrs gSA dÿ g‚ij] dksy LV¨jst ,fj;k ¶ysescy ,fj;k esa vkrs gS A
,sls ,fj;k t¨ dh çfroaf/kr ugha gS o~ Toyu'khy gS vkSj ogka tyus ckyh phts g¨ ldrh gS] r¨ mu ,fj;k
d¨ tujy ,fj;k dgrs gSA
vfr Toyu'khy æO;ä dk ¶+yS'k i‚baV 23 fMxzh ls de g¨rk gSA vkSj vfr
Toyu'khy æO;ä ds ¶+yS'k i‚baV 23 fMxzh ls 65 fMxzh ds chp esa g¨rk gSA
rFkk Toyu'khy æO;ä dk ¶+yS'k i‚baV 60 fMxzh ls 90 fMxzh ds chp esa g¨rk gSA
g‚V odZ ,d ,slk dke o~ çfØ;k gS ftlls fpaxkjh o~ Toyu fØ;k dk J¨r
iSnk g¨rk gSA vkSj tyus okyh phtä dh mifLFkfr esa vkx dk [krjk g¨rk gSA
dk;ZLFky ij d©u ls tujy ,fj;k gS] vkSj d©u ls fØfVdy ¶ysescy ,fj;k gS] o¨ fpUfgr güs pkfg,A vkSj
lc d¨ irk gük pkfg, fdl txg d©u lk ijfeV ysds dke djuk pkfg, A
tc dHkh vkSj tgka dgh Hkh g‚V odZ dk dke djuk g¨ r¨ fjLd vlslesaV djuk
pkfg,A vkSj laoaf/kr lHkh lqj{kk lko/kkfu;ä dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djuh pkfg,A
d¨Ã Hkh g‚V odZ d¨ ijfeV ysus ds ckn gh djsa rFkk tujy ijfeV esa nh xÃ
g‚V odZ psdfyLV dk lgh ls ikyu djsaA vxj d¨Ã g‚V odZ fØfVdy
¶ysescy ,fj;k esa vkrk gS r¨ bld¨ djus dh vuqefr psdfyLV ds ek/;e ls
QaD'ku gsM VsfDudy ls çkIr djsaA
g‚V odZ djrs le;] Qk;j okpj] xSl VsLV] Qk;j flfyaMj] osfYMax CysadsV]
csfjdsfMax dh lgh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsaA g‚V odZ dk dke djus okysa lHkh y¨x
çf'kf{kr güs pkfg,A rFkk g‚V odZ ds dke mi;¨x vkus okysa lHkh VwYl] midj.k
bR;kfn vPNh dM a hlu eas g¨] tl
S s ofsYMx
a e'khu] xl
S dfVx
a lVs] g¨t dcsy bR;knh A
tc fdlh cftZr ,fj;k tgk¡ Le¨d fMVsDVjA Lfçadyj yxs gä] vkSj ogka d¨Ã g‚V
odZ djuk g¨ r¨ dke ls igys bu flLVe d¨ ckÃikl djus dh t#jr iM+rh gSA
ckÃikl djus ls igys lHkh laoaf/kr O;fDr;ä d¨ lwfpr djsaA
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vxj fØfVdy ¶ysescy ,fj;k ds g‚V odZ ds dke d¨] ckgj jgdj fd;k tk ldrk gS r¨ ,sls g‚V odZ d¨
ckgj gh djuk pkfg,A
fØfVdy ¶ysescy ,fj;k esa g‚V odZ djus ls igys xSl VsfLVax djsA vxj Toyu'khy xSlä dh ek=k ikÃ
tkrh gS r¨ fouk fdlh lko/kkuh tSls osafVys'ku] iftZax bR;kfn ds g‚V odZ u djsa
d¨Ã Hkh g‚V odZ djus ls igys fuEufyf[kr rjhds ls rS;kjh djuh pkfg,A
g‚V odZ djus okyh txg ls tyus okyh phtä d¨ gVk ns
g‚V odZ okyh txg ls vU; O;fDrvksa d¨ t¨ laoaf/kr ugha gS] mud¨ gVk nsa
LikdZ o~ g‚V esVy d¨ uhps fxjus ls cpkus ds fy, Qk;j CySadsV] o~ th vkÃ 'khV dk mi;¨x djsaA
g‚V odZ ,fj;k ds varxZr vkus okyh Vªsp o~ lhoj d¨ ç¨VsDV djsa
¶y¨j vksifuax d¨ vkx u yxus okyh phtä ls doj djsa
g‚V odZ ,fj;k esa Qk;j flfyaMj j[ksa
tc fdlh midj.k] ikbiykbu bR;kfn is g‚V odZ djuk g¨ vkSj mles d¨Ã Toyu'khy inkFkZ] æO; g¨ r¨
mls igys fDy;j djsa vkSj y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djsa] fQj ckn esa gh xSl VsLV djds g‚V odZ djsaA vxj
vo'ks"k æO; dh Dyh;fjax iwjh laHko u g¨ r¨ iftZax djsaA
fØfVdy ,fj;k esa g‚V odZ djrs le;] vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ä dh rS;kjh j[ks tSls Qk;j VsaMj] Qk;j
flfyaMj] QLVZ& ,sM bR;kfn
osfYMax] xSl dfVax] xzkbafMax] fMªfyax bR;knh dk g‚V odZ djrs le; mfpr lko/kkuh cjrsA ftUgsa vkxs
v/;k; esa crk;k x;k gSA
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lhfer LFkku (dWui!kbaM Lisl) ds dke ds nkSjku lqj{kk
lhfer LFkku ,d ,slk can LFkku gS t¨fd vkneh ds 'kkjhfjd :i ls ?kqlus ds fy, rFkk dke djus dh fy,
i;kZIr lkbt+ dk g¨rk gSA ,sls LFkku esa vkus tkus ds jkLrs lhfer o~ çfrcaf/kr g¨rs gSA vkSj ,sls LFkku
yxkrkj ekuoh; vf/kHk¨x ds fy, ugha g¨rs gSA ,sls LFkkuä esa nwf"kr okrkoj.k o~ tgjhyh xSl o~ Toyu'khy
okrkoj.k o~ de vkWDlhtu dh mifLFkfr ds güs dh laHkkouk g¨ ldrh gSA
dkj[kkuä eas lhfer LFkku eas dke djrs le; fdlh ds ne ?kVqus l]s vpkud eVfsj;y ds çokg l]s fdlh lEcfa/kr
e'khu ds vpkud pyus l]s Åij ls fxjus l]s tl S s reke vU; dkj.kä ls cMh+ cMh+ n?qkVZuk;s g¨ tkrh gAS dHkh
dHkh dWuQkbaM Lisl esa nq?kZVuk ds ckn jkgr o~ cpko dk;Z esa jkgr o~ cpko dfeZ;ä dh tkus pyh tkrh gSA
dkj[kkuä esa ge y¨x cgqr ls ,sls dke djrs gS t¨fd dWuQkbaM Lisl dh dsVsxjh esa vkrs gSA tSls lkbDyü]
fey ] ck;yj] QuZsl] Ã ,l ih] lkby¨] fdyu] dwyj] fcu] MDV] lhost pSEcj] fpeuh] g‚ij] oslsy] lEi]
Vuy bR;kfn esa dke djuk dWuQkbaM Lisl dh dsVsxjh esa vkrk gSA
vkb;s tkurs gS dh dWuQkbaM Lisl esa dke d¨ lqjf{kr <ax ls dke djus ds D;k D;k fu;e gSA
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds esu gÿ ds vUnj tSls gh 'kjhj ds d¨Ã vax tkrk gS] r¨ dWuQkbaM Lisl ds fu;e
ykxw g¨ tkrs gSA vkSj ,sls dke dWuQkbaM Lisl dh lhek esa vkrs gSA
lHkh dWuQkbaM Lisl is uEcfjax güh pkfg, rFkk ,d psrkouh c¨MZ yxk gük pkfg, dh ;g dWuQkbaM
Lisl gS vkSj bles fcuk ijfeV ds ços'k oftZr gS A
lHkh dWuQkbaM Lisl ds fy, ,d ç¨lsl ¶y¨ Mk;xzke gük pkfg, ftlls dh gesa irk yx lds dh vUnj
?kqlus ls igys d©u d©u ls ,uthZ i‚baV is y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djuk gSA
dHkh Hkh fdlh Hkh dWuQkbaM Lisl esa fouk ijfeV o~ y‚d vkmV VSx
vkmV VªkÃ vkmV ds fcuk dke uk djs vkSj u gh vUnj ?kqlsA
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj ?kqldj rHkh dke djs tc ml dke d¨
ckgj jgrs gq, djus dk d¨Ã mfpr tfj;k uk gÄ
vxj dWuQkbaM Lisl esa bues ls d¨Ã Hkh daMhlu ikÃ tkrh gS r¨
mfpr lko/kkuh o~ fjLd vlslesaV djds gh vUnj ?kqlus dh vuqefr nsuh pkfg,A tSls
v½ vUnj dk okrkoj.k nwf"kr ;k [krjukd g¨] pkgs o¨ vUnj ds eVsfj;y dh otg ls ;k fQj vUnj güs
okys dkeä dh otg ls c½ orZeku o~ laHkkfor eVsfj;y ls bUxY¶esaV dk [krjk gÄ l½ Lisl dh lajpuk
,slh g¨ dh ogka d¨Ã Ql ldrk gS ;k ne ?kqV ldrh gS n½ vkSj vU; d¨Ã ls¶Vh o~ LokLFk ds [krjs
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj ogh O;fDr dke djs o~ ?kqls t¨ ,sls dke djus ds fy, çf'kf{kr gÄ bUgsa çf'kf{kr
Lisl baVjSaV cÿrs gSA
dWuQkbaM Lisl ,aVªh lqijokbtj dh ftEesnkjh g¨rh gS dh o¨ lHkh [krjä o~ t¨f[keä d¨ /;ku esa j[kdj
lqfuf'pr djs dh dWuQkbaM Lisl ?kqlus ds fy, lqjf{kr gSA
d¨& ijfeVh dh ftEesnkjh g¨rh gS dh o¨ dWuQkbaM Lisl lqijokbtj ls ckr
djds ijfeV esa fy[kh lko/kkfu;ä d¨ le>s vkSj lkFk feydj fy[kh mfpr lqj{kk O;oLFkk d¨ lqfuf'pr djsA
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duWQkbMa Lils ea s tkus okys lHkh bVajVaS dh ftEenskjh gS dh o¨ ijfeV ea s fy[kh dMahlu d¨ le>s rFkk mudk ikyu djAs
dWuQkbaM Lisl vVsaMsaV dh ftEesnkjh gS dh o¨ dWuQkbaM Lisl ds ckgj jgdj dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj ,aVªh
d¨ d.Vªÿ djsA rFkk vUnj dke djus ckys y¨xä ls laidZ esa jgs o~ utj j[ksA ,aVªh o~ ,fXtV jftLVj
esaVsu djsA fdlh vkikrdky fLFkfr esa rqjar jkgr o~ cpko ny d¨ cqyk;sA
dWuQkbaM Lisl esa dke djus ds çca/ku ds fy, dqN fcanq
irk djs dh fdl txg dWuQkbaM Lisl ijfeV ysuk gSA
fjLd vlslesaV djds [krjä dh igpku djs
d©u d©u vUnj dke ds fy, tk;sxk
vUnj dke djus okyä dk mfpr çf'k{k.k
lc d¨ viuh viuh ftEesnkjh le>k,
jsLD;w Iyku dh O;oLFkk o~ y¨xä esa bldh tkudkjh
dWuQkbaM Lisl esa dke djus ls igys rS;kjh ds fy, dqN fcanq
dWuQkbaM Lisl ij vukf/kÑr ços'k oftZr dk psrkouh c¨MZ yxk;s
dWuQkbaM Lisl esa güs ckys dke dk fjLd vlslesaV djs
dWuQkbaM Lisl d¨ lHkh laHkkfor ÅtkZ J¨rä ls vkblÿsV djds
y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djs
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj ds okrkoj.k dh lkQ+ lQkÃ
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj xSl VsLV djs rFkk irk yxk;s dh ;g
dke ds fy, lqjf{kr gS dh ugha
dWuQkbaM Lisl esa dke djus ds fy, mfpr lk/ku] lalk/ku dh mfpr O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djs A
fdlh vkikrdky fLFkfr ds fy, jsLD;w Iyku dh rS;kjh
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj okrkoj.k rc lgh ekuk tkrk gS tc mlds vUnj xSl dh ek=k bl çdkj gSA
vkWDlhtu & 19-5% ls 23-5% ds chp esa] ,y Ã ,y& 'kwU;] tgjhyh xSl dh ek=k& 50% Vh ,y oh&Vh MCY;w , ls de-
dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj dke ds njfe;ku] fu;fer varjky is xSl VsfLVax djds] vUnj ds okrkoj.k ds ckjs
esa fLFkfr dk irk djrs jgsA vkSj dHkh Hkh vUnj ?kqlus ls rqjar igys gh xSl VsfLVax djsA tc dWuQkbaM
Lisl cM+k o Å¡pk g¨ r¨ n¨ rhu txgä is xSl VsfLVax djuk pkfg,A
dWuQkbaM Lisl esa dke djrs le; 24 oŸV gsaM ySai dk bLrseky djs
xSl flfyaMj] osfYMax e'khu d¨ dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj u j[ksA blls [krjk g¨ ldrk gSA
vlk/kkj.k ifjf'Fkfr;ä esa] dWuQkbaM Lisl ds vUnj tc vkWDlhtu dh ek=k t#jr ds fglkc ls de gS r¨
fcuk czhfFkax midj.k ds u ?kqlsA
dWuQkbaM Lisl esa dke djrs le;] dke ds fy, t#jh ih ih Ã tSls pLek] gsaM XyOl] ls¶Vh gsyesV] gkuZsl]
ls¶Vh 'kwt bR;kfn dk bLrseky djsaA
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vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ka ,oa rS;kjh
vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS t¨fd vpkud fdlh dkj.k ls iSnk g¨rh gS] vkSj bl fLFkfr esa Hkkjh
tku] eky dk uqdlku g¨rk gS ;k güs ds laHkkouk g¨rh gSA bl fLFkfr d¨ d.Vªÿ djus ds fy, gesa rqjar
jkgr o~ cpko dk;¨Za dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA vxj fLFkfr d.Vªÿ esa uk g¨ rc ckgj ls Hkh enn ysus dh
vko';drk iM+rh gSA dkj[kkuä esa dke djrs le; bejtsalh daMh'ku d¨ udkjk ugha tk ldrk gSA fdlh
fcfYMax ds fxjus ls] vkx yxus ls] foLQ¨V güs ls] g‚V eVsfj;y ds QSyus ls] xSl ds yhd güs ls] ÅapkÃ
o~ lhfer LFkku esa fdlh nq?kZVuk ds güs ls dHkh Hkh bejtsalh daMhlu iSnk g¨ ldrh gSA
lcls igys lqj{kk ds bartke brus etcwr güs pkfg, dh ,slh daMhlu dHkh iSnk gh uk gÄ vkSj vxj fdlh
dkj.k o'k g¨ Hkh tk,¡A r¨ ge vkSj gekjs y¨x brus rS;kj güs pkfg;sa fd ,slh daMhlu d¨ lgh <ax ls
gSaMy dj ik;sa] ftlls dh de ls de tku vkSj eky dh gkfu gÄ ,slk ns[kk x;k gS dh bejtsalh daMhlu
dh [k+jkc rS;kjh dh otg ls Hkkjh tku eky dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+rk gSA ,d feuV dh nsjh ls cM+h Hkkjh
dher pqdkuh iM+rh gSA ge lc d¨ vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkrä ds ckjsa esa tkx:d jguk pkfg;saA vkSj bu
fLFkfr;ä esa fdld¨ D;k djuk gS] mlds ckjsa esa irk gük pkfg;saA
vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfrvksa esa dqN /;ku nsus ;¨X; ckrsa
fdlh Hkh ?kVuk nq?kZVuk dh tkudkjh vius lqijokbtj d¨ ns o~ vkikrdkyhu uacj is rqjar lwfpr djsaA
vxj vki dgh fdlh vkx d¨ ns[krs gS r¨ bldh tkudkjh rqjar vkikrdkyhu uacj is nsA vkSj vxj lEHko
gS r¨ vkx d¨ utnhdh Qk;j flfyaMj ls cq>kus dh d¨f'k'k djsaA
vkikrdkyhu uacj lwpuk nsrs le;] laf{kIr esa viuh ckr crk,aA tSls D;k gqvk] dgk¡ gqvkA dHkh dHkh
?kcjkgV esa ge mYVk iqYVk cÿ nsrs gSaA
bejtsalh daMhlu esa fn;s x, funZs'kä dk ikyu djsa o~ b/kj m/kj HkxnM+ u epk,aA ,slk djus ls daMhlu
vkSj cnrj g¨ tkrh gSA
bejtsalh lkÃju ctk;s tkus ij] vius vius dke d¨ can djds utnhdh bejtsalh vlsacyh i‚baV is ,df=r
gäA vkSj vkxs fn;s tkus okys funZs'kä dk ikyu djsaA
bejtsalh vlsacyh i‚baV dh rjQ vi foaM vFkok Ø‚l foaM fn'kk esa tk,¡A
Qk;j VsaMj o~ ,Ecqysal ds vkus tkus okys jkLrä d¨ [kqyk j[ksaA
bejtsalh daMhlu d¨ gSaMy djus esa yxs jkgr o~ cpko dfeZ;ä
dh t#jr iM+us ij enn djsaA jkgr o~ cpko dehZ ny ds çeq[k
}kjk fn;s x, funZs'kä dk ikyu djsaA
bu fLFkfr;ä esa vxj d¨Ã O;fDr ?kk;y gqvk gS r¨ mls rqjar QLVZ
& ,sM nsus dk bartke djsaA rFkk mld¨ g‚fLiVy f'k¶V djus dh
igyh çkfFkfedrk nsaA
?kk;y O;fDr d¨ lqjf{kr LFkku vFkok ,Ecqysal rd ys tkus esa mfpr lko/kkuh cjrsaA dHkh dHkh HkxnM+]
?kcjkgV] vkSj Hkkoqdrk esa vkdj] T;knk dqN djus ds pDdj esa ?kk;y O;fDr dh gkyr vkSj fcxM+ tkrh gSA
l¨p le>dj mfpr dne mBk;saA
bejtsalh daMhlu esa ge y¨x ?kcjk tkrs gS] vkSj iSfud daMhlu iSnk g¨ tkrh gSA pht ikl esa g¨rh gS exj
ge b/kj m/kj ryk'krs gSA blfy, vius vki d¨ 'kkar o~ d.Vªÿ esa j[ksaA
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bejtsalh ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM dj nsA vkSj vuko';d ogka is HkhM+ u yxk;saA
vlsacyh i‚baV ij gsM dkmaV djus esa enn djsaA
dk;ZLFky ij yxk;sa x, Qk;j flfyaMj] Qk;j gkbMªsaV bR;kfn d¨ pykus dh fof/k ds ckjsa esa tkusA
ftlls dh t#jr iM+us is mi;¨x djuk ekyqe gäA
lHkh d¨ vkikrdkyhu uacj ds ckjs esa irk gük pkfg,A
lHkh d¨ betZslh vlsacyh i‚baV ds ckjs esa irk gük pkfg;sa] dh ;s dgk¡ dgk¡ is gSA
d¨Ã Hkh fØfVdy dke djrs le;] jsLD;w Iyku ds ckjsa esa igys ls gh l¨p ds j[ks vkSj mlh ds vuqlkj
mfpr O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsa A tSls vxj d¨Ã mpkÃ ls fxj x;k r¨ mls Åij ls uhps dSls mrkjsaxsA
dHkh d¨Ã lhfer LFkku es dke djrs le; p¨fVy g¨ x;k r¨ mls lhfer LFkku ls ckgj dSls fudkysaxsaA
jsLD;w vkWijs'ku esa tc dHkh fdlh fMikVZesaV ;k vkneh dh enn yxrh gS r¨ lwpuk feyrs gh rqjar enn djsaA
vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ä esa xyr lwpuk,a b/kj m/kj uk QSyk,aA lacaf/kr y¨xä ds ek/;e ls gh lwpuk lapkj
gük pkfg;saA
vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ä esa nq?kZVuk xzLr O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ä d¨ gj laHko enn igqpk,aA
jsLD;w vkWijs'ku ds n©jku mfpr ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djsaA dHkh dHkh jsLD;w vkWijs'ku ds n©jku gh vU;
nq?kZVuk,a g¨ tkrh gSA
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gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh o blds vkWijs'ku ls lacaf/kr lqj{kk fu;e
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh dk dke lhesaV fuekZ.k esa mR[kuu ds lkFk dÃ vU; dkeä esa g¨rk gSA bu dkeä esa
fuEufyf[kr [krjsa g¨rs gSA
e'khujh dk vkil esa VDdj g¨ tkuk
e'khujh dk iyV tkuk
e'khujh dk fdlh O;fDr ds Åij p<+ tkuk
e'khujh esa vkx yx tkuk
e'khujh esaVsusal esa p¨V yx tkuk] ty tkuk bR;knh
vkb;s gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh o~ blds vkWijs'ku ls lacaf/kr lqj{kk fu;eä ds ckjs esa tkusaA
lkÃV ys vkmV bl rjg ls gük pkfg;sa fd] gSoh e'khujh ds ewoesaV ds jkLrs] esu ewoesaV ls vyx gäA
lkÃV ys vkmV bl rjg dk g¨ dh VªSfQd datslu uk gÄ vkSj vuko';d xkfM+;ä dk ewoesaV u gÄ
vkWijs'ku ,fj;k esa ykbV dh mfpr O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A ykbV bl rjg ls yxh g¨ dh Xys;j u iSnk gÄ
ykbV dh ek=k mfpr güh pkfg, tSls vkWijsVj dsfcu esa 30 yDl] gSoh e'khujh ds dke djus dh txg is
5 yDl] dUos;j csYV ds vkl ikl 50 yDl] gky j¨M is 0-5 ls 3-0 yDl] csap is 3 yDl ds yxHkxA
gSoh e'khujh ls T;knk u‚bt+ g¨ rc mfpr b;j ç¨VsD'ku dk bLrseky djsaA
mR[kuu ,fj;k esa tgk¡ gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh pyrh gä
vkSj Vw os VªSfQd g¨] r¨ ogka j¨M dh p©MkÃ] lcls cM+h
e'khu dh p©M+kÃ dk rhu xquk $ 5 ehVj güh pkfg,A
mR[kuu ,fj;k esa tgk¡ gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh pyrh gä
vkSj ou os VªSfQd g¨] r¨ ogka j¨M dh p©MkÃ] lcls
cM+h e'khu dh p©M+kÃ dk n¨ xquk $ 3 ehVj güh pkfg,A
gky j¨M ij] xkfMvksa dh LihM o~ doZ jsfM;l d¨ /;ku esa j[krs gq,] lqij ,fyos'ku pkj ls Ng fMxzh ds
chp esa gük pkfg;saA
gky j¨M ij] vf/kdre xzsM 1 ls 16 ds vuqikr esa gük pkfg;saA 1 ls 10 ds vuqikr esa jsEi ,d lkFk
10 ehVj dh yEckÃ ls T;knk ugha gÄ
gky j¨M dk fMtkÃu fu/kkZfjr ekudä ds vk/kkj ij gük pkfg;saA
u;h e'khujh [kjhnrs o~ gk;j djrs le;] /;ku j[ksa dh e'khujh esa lqj{kk ds mfpr bartke gS dh ughaA
tSls ykd vkmV VSx vkmV dh lqfo/kk] V‚bax fgp] Qk;j lçs'ku flLVe] fj¶ysDVj] fj;j O;w dSejk]
eSdsfudy LVh;fjax y‚d] vfXu j¨/kh g¨t ikbi] LyhOl] uyh o~ fLoax e¨Vj czsDl bR;kfnA
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?kVuk nq?kZVuk dh fLFkfr esa] jsLD;w ç¨lhtj ds ckjsa esa lHkh d¨ irk
gük pkfg,A fd gesa D;k djuk gS] dSls djuk gSaA
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh dk ihfj;kfMd esaVsusal o~ baLisD'ku cgqr
tq#jh gSaA bls ,d fu/kkZfjr psdfyLV ds ek/;e ls le; le;
is iwjk djsa vkSj fd;s x, esaVsusal dk fjd‚MZ j[ksaA e'khujh tc
fQV jgsxh r¨ pykus okyk pkyd o~ vU; y¨x Hkh lqjf{kr jgsaxsaA
esaVsusal ds dkeä esa xq.koÙkk j[ksa o~ fdlh rjhds dh d¨rkgh u cjrsaA
gj fnu f'k¶V dk dke pkyw güs ls igys] vkWijsVj d¨ xkMh o~ e'khu ds pkj¨ rjQ ?kwe ds ,d ckj fotqvy
baLisD'ku djuk pkfg;saA vxj d¨Ã fMQsDV utj vkrk gS r¨ bldh lwpuk rqjar vius lqijokbtj d¨ nsaA
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh o~ xkM+h pykrs le; lhV csYV dk bLrseky djsaA foaM 'khYM lkQ+ güh pkfg;saA
ftlls dh vkWijsVj d¨ lkQ+ fn[kkÃ iM+sA
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khujh vkWijs'ku esa vxj d¨Ã fdlh rjhds dk ifjorZu fd;k tkrk gS r¨ bldk fjLd
vlslesaV djsa rFkk mfpr lko/kkuh ysrs gq, lHkh laoaf/kr O;fDr;ä d¨ blds okjs esa crk,aA vc ifjorZu pkgs
dke ds rjhds esa g¨] e'khu esa g¨] vkWijs'ku esa g¨] ;k fQj j¨M o~ ysvkmV esa gäA
mR[kuu ,fj;k esa tc d¨Ã gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khu o~ xkM+h

ds ,fj;k esa dke djs r¨ mUgsa pednkj tSdsV iguuh
pkfg,A e'khu ls mfpr nwjh cuk ds j[ksa t¨fd 10 ehVj
ds yxHkx g¨rh gSA vxj e'khu ds ikl tkuk gh gS r¨
vkWijsVj dh vk¡[kä ls okLrfod laidZ cuk,a rFkk e'khu
#dus ds okn] vkWijsVj dh vuqefr ds lkFk laidZ djsA
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khu o~ xkfM+;ä ds j¨M ij] js¶ysfDVo j¨M ls¶Vh lkbu c¨MZ yxs güs pkfg,A
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khu o~ xkfM+;ä ds vkWijsVj d¨ lkeus r¨ lkQ+ fn[krk gSA ysfdu mrus gh T;knk muds fy,
lkeus foaM LØhu ds uhps] ihNs] lkbM esa CykbaM Li‚V g¨rs gSA fejj o~ fj;j O;w dSejk dh lgk;rk ls bu
CykbaM Li‚V d¨ de fd;k tk ldrk gSA Mªkbfoax ds le; mfpr lko/kkuh cjrs vkSj fejj dh lsfVax lgh j[ksa A
gSoh vFkZ ewfoax e'khu o~ xkfM+;ä ds vkWijs'ku ,fj;k esa bu lc xkfM+;ä dh ikfdZax ds fy, mfpr O;oLFkk güh
pkfg;saA
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gkml dhfiax
dk;ZLFky ij mfpr lkQ+ lQkÃ cuk;s j[kus d¨ gkml dhfiax dgrs gSA [k+jkc gkml dhfiax ls lqj{kk [k+jkc
g¨rh gSA dk;ZLFky ij [k+jkc gkml dhfiax ls reke [krjs iSnk g¨rs gSA vxj ge gkml dhfiax is /;ku ns
r¨ yxHkx vk/ks ls T;knk leL;kvksa ls futkr ik ldrs gSA dgrs gS gj oLrq ds fy, ,d txg g¨] vkSj gj
oLrq viuh txg ij gÄ vxj ge bl fu;e dk ikyu djsa r¨ gkml dhfiax d¨ cuk ds j[kuk cgqr vklku
g¨ tkrk gSA vPNh gkml dhfiax okyh txg ij dke djus esa eu yxrk gS vkSj dke vklku g¨ tkrk gSA
lkFk gh lkFk lqj{kk Hkh cjdjkj jgrh gSA
dk;ZLFky ij vPNh gkml dhfiax j[kus ds fy, dqN lq>ko
dk;ZLFky ij eVsfj;y d¨ fu;¨ftr rjhds ls lkQ+ lQkÃ ls j[ksaA Qkbo ,l dk ikyu djsaA
dk;ZLFky ij b/kj m/kj dpjk] d‚Vu osLV bR;kfn u QsadsA bUgsa MLV fcu esa MkysaA
dk;ZLFky ij MLV fcu dh le; le; ij mfpr lQkÃ güh pkfg,A
lh<+h o~ vkus tkus okys jkLrä esa fdlh rjg dk voj¨/k ugha gük pkfg;saA
IysVQkeZ o~ ÅapkÃ is dke okyh txgä ij ywt eVsfj;y ugha gük pkfg;saA
;g fdlh ds Åij fxj ldrk gSA
lHkh xM~<s o~ fiV gkMZ csfjdsM güs pkfg;sA vkSj mu ij psrkouh c¨MZ yxk gÄ
ofdZax ¶y¨j ij dscy] g¨t ikbi bR;kfn ugha QSys güs pkfg,A bles Qldj
d¨Ã fxj ldrk gSA dscy] ikbi d¨ Åij Åij ls ys tk,¡A
Qk;j i‚baV~l ds jkLrs [kqys güs pkfg,A
e'khu o~ midj.kä ls fdlh rjg dh yhdst ugha güh pkfg,A
e'khu xkMZ~l lgh rjhds ls VkbV fQV güs pkfg,A ftlls dh u‚bt+ u iSnk gÄ
iSfdax eVsfj;y dh dhyä d¨ fudky nsuk pkfg, ;k fQj mUgsa mYVk e¨M+ nsuk pkfg,A
lHkh [krjukd inkFkZ o~ æO;ä ds daVsuj ij ysosfyax güh pkfg,A

ftlls dh lHkh d¨ irk yx lds dh eVsfj;y D;k gSA
dk;ZLFky ij mfpr ykbV dh O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A
V‚;ysV] o~ dSaVhu Cykd esa mfpr lkQ+ lQkÃ jguh pkfg,A
dk;ZLFky ij lHkh psrkouh c¨MZ bR;kfn esaVsu güs pkfg,A
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dke djrs le; Msyh gkml dhfiax lqfuf'pr djsaA LØsi eVsfj;y d¨ LØsi ;kMZ ;k MLV fcu esa MkysaA
dwjk dpjk bR;kfn d¨ MLV fcu esa MkysaA
dk;ZLFky ij gkml dhfiax d¨ vPNk cuk;s j[kus dh lcdh ftEesnkjh gSA

eghus esa ;k g¶rs esa ,d ckj gkml dhfiax djds lkQ+ lQkÃ d¨ vPNk
cuk;s j[kuk eqf'dy gSA
ÅapkÃ ls MLV ;k dwjk dpjk u QsadsA ,sls LFkkuä ls eVsfj;y d¨ uhps

mrkjus ds fy,] mfpr 'kwV dh O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A
LØsi eVsfj;y d¨ b/kj m/kj vukf/kÑr txgä is MEi ugha djuk pkfg,A
dk;ZLFky ij lHkh e'khu] midj.k] ikbiykbu] okYo bR;kfn ij yscy

ekfdZax g¨ rFkk dyj d¨fMax dk mfpr flLVe gük pkfg;saA
ÅapkÃ ds lHkh IysVQkeZ esa xkMZ jsy] V¨ xkMZ o~ lh<+h dh O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A
j‚ eVsfj;y ;kMZ o~ dPph j¨M esa vxj fyfeV ls T;knk MLV gS r¨ ogka ikuh dk fNMdko fd;k tkuk pkfg;saA
dk;ZLFky ij vukf/kÑr txgä ij ikfdZxa ugha djuh pkfg,A
Vwyc‚Dl dh mfpr lkQ+ lQkÃ g¨] vkSj gS.M VwYl esa vk;y] xzhl ugha yxh güh pkfg;saA lHkh VwYl vPNh
daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
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gkbM^k dzsu ds lqj{kk fu;e
gkbMªk Øsu d¨ dsoy ykblsal vkWijsVj gh pyk;saA
gkbMªk Øsu ds lkFk fjxj] gsYij d¨ pednkj tSdsV iguuk pkfg;saA
gkbMªk d¨ fn'kk nsrs le;] gsYijA fjxj d¨ jsMA xzhu ¶ySx dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg;sa
gkbMªk ls Hkkj fyf¶Vax djrs le; Hkkj ds lkFk jLlh cka/ksa vkSj gkFkä ls Hkkj d¨ lgkjk u nsaA
gsYijA fjxj gkbMªk d¨ fn'kk nsrs le; lhVh dk bLrseky djsaA
gkbMªk ls Hkkj fyf¶Vax esa dsoy çf'kf{kr o~ dq'ky dkexkj güs pkfg;saA
gkbMªk ds bafMdsVj dke djrs güs pkfg;saA
gkbMªk esa ju vksoj ç¨VsD'ku xkMZ gük pkfg;saA ju vksoj xkMZ esa 200 feyhehVj dk xzkmaM Dyh;jsal gük pkfg;sa
gkbMªk esa gkÃ LihM fx;j Cykd gük pkfg;saA
gkbMªk esa fj;j O;w fejj gük pkfg;saA
gkbMªk ds gqd esa gqd ySp gük vko';d gSA
gkbMªk ds lHkh gqd is bldh {kerk bafxr güh pkfg;saA
gkbMªk dk FkMZ ikVhZ ls oS/; VsLV lfVZfQdsV gük pkfg;saA
gkbMªk ls Hkkj d¨ frjNk [khpsa ughaA Hkkj d¨ ofVZdyh mBk,aA
n¨ gkbMªk ls ,d Hkkj d¨ uk mBk;saA bls VSaMse fyf¶Vax cÿrs gSA
gkbMªk Øsu d¨ dHkh Hkh vksoj y¨M uk djsaA
gkbMªk Øsu ls fyf¶Vax djrs le;] fdlh Hkh fyf¶Vax fx;j d¨ vksoj y¨M u djsaA fyf¶Vax fx;j FkMZ ikVhZ
ls VsLVsM güs pkfg;saA
y¨MsM gkbMªk d¨ pyrk N¨M+dj b/kj m/kj u tk,¡A
fyf¶Vax ds le; Vsa'ku esa fLyax d¨ u fudkysaA bUgsa Ýh djds fQj fLyax gVk;saA
yVds Hkkj ds uhpsa u [kM+s gäA
gkbMªk d¨ flXuy nsus dk dke flQZ çf'kf{kr O;fDr gh djsA vkSj mls pednkj tSdsV iguuh pkfg;saA
flXuy eSu o~ vkWijsVj ds chp vPNk rkyesy gük pkfg;saA
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ykWd vkmV VSx vkmV
tc dHkh fdlh mftZr e'khu] midj.k] l¨lZ bR;kfn is dke djuk g¨rk gS r¨ y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV dk
bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV ,d ,slh çfØ;k gSA vxj pkyw e'khu o~ midj.kä is d¨Ã
esaVsusal dk dke djus ls igys] y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV u fd;k tk;s r¨ dHkh Hkh cM+h nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA
y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV }kjk lHkh laHkkfor ÅtkZ J¨rä d¨ fof/kor rjhds ls okfLrfod :i ls ¼fulansg :i
ls½ can fd;k tkrk gSA y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV o~ VªkÃ vkmV dk mi;¨x djus okys ge lc gS vkSj ;g gekjh
lq j {kk ds fy, gS A blls tq M h lc ckrä dk tkuuk ge lc ds fy, t#jh gS A
vkb;s y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV o~ VªkÃ vkmV ls tqM+s lqj{kk fcUnqvksa ds ckjs esa tkusA
IykaV esa loZs djds lHkh flaxy o~ efYViy ,uthZ l¨lZ dk irk djds fyLV cukuh pkfg,A rFkk budh
uEcfjax djuh pkfg,A dke ds fglkc ls fdu fdu ,uthZ l¨lZ dk vkblÿs'ku djuk gS mls Hkh fu/kkZfjr
djds çekf.kr djuk pkfg,A fdlh e‚fMfQds'ku güs ds ckn vxj ,uthZ l¨lZ esa vxj ifjorZu vkrk gS
r¨ mls viMsV djuk uk Hkqys A
lHkh ,uthZ l¨lZ d¨ vkblÿsV djus dh lgh O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A vxj vkblÿs'ku djus dk tqxkM+ ugha
gS r¨ e‚fMfQds'ku djds O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A
IykaV esa laHkkfor ÅtkZ l¨lZ dÃ çdkj ds g¨rs gS tSls bysfDVªdy ,uthZ] esdsfudy ,uthZ] gkbMª‚fyd
,uthZ] uweSfVd ,uthZ] dsfedy ,uthZ] FkeZy ,uthZ] jsfM,'ku ,uthZ bR;knh] ;g lHkh ,uthZ l¨lZ vxj dke
ds le; vkblÿsV u fd, tk,¡ r¨ [krjukd g¨ ldrs gSA
vkblÿs'ku dk eryc g¨rk gS] fdlh e'khu] midj.k] bR;kfn ftl ij dke g¨] mls lHkh laHkkfor ÅtkZ
J¨rä ls bl rjg i`Fkd djuk] dh ;g rc gh pkyw g¨ lds tc d¨Ã bls tku cw> dj pykuk pkgsA
y‚d vkmV dk eryc g¨rk gS] e'khu] midj.k bR;kfn d¨ laHkkfor

ÅtkZ J¨rä ls i`Fkd djuk rFkk vo'ks"k ÅtkZ vxj d¨Ã gS r¨ mls
Hkh fudky nsuk gSA vkSj lkFk esa vkblÿs'ku i‚baV d¨ rkyk yxkdj
lqjf{kr djuk g¨rk gSA
lkekU;r;k y‚d i‚baV~l dÃ çdkj ds g¨rs gS tSls okYo] fLop]daVªÿ]

czsdj b-A
dHkh dHkh e'khu] midj.k dk vkblÿs'ku djus ds ckn Hkh laxzfgr ÅtkZ
¼ LV¨MZ ,uthZ½ cuh jg ldrh gS] vkSj [krjukd lkfcr g¨ ldrh gSA ,slh ÅtkZ
dk Hkh lgh y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds r©j is ;s ÅtkZ
dÃ çdkj dh g¨rh gS tSls fLçax] ¶ykÃ Oghy] nokc esa d¨Ã æO; ;k xSl]
dSisflVj] xq#Rokd"kZ.k] ÅapkÃ is d¨Ã Hkkj] Cy¨vj] QSu bEisyj] cdsV ,yhosVj-
vkblÿs'ku i‚baV ij ,d VSx yxkuk pkfg, ftlls irk py lds dh dh fdlus

y‚d yxk;k gSA y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djus ds fy, fofHkUu ;qfDr;k¡ ç;¨x dh
tkrh gS tSls y‚d] VSx] psu] gSLIk] xzqi vkblÿs'ku c‚Dl-
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y‚Dl dh gj ,d fMikVZesaV ds fy, vyx vyx dyj d¨fMax dh
xÃ gS tSls yky& bysfDVªdy] ihyk&esdsfudy] dkyk& ç¨lsl]
uhyk& baLVªwesaV] gjk& vU;] fMikVZesaV ds fy,A
tc fdlh dke esa ,d ls vf/kd ,tsalh] vkneh] dkaVªsDVj] ÅtkZ J¨r

'kkfey g¨ rc xzqi vkblÿs'ku djuk pkfg,A
vkblÿs'ku djus ds dÃ rjhds g¨rs gS tSls jsd vkmV] ¶;wt fudkyuk]

Meh yxkuk] fLyi IysV yxkuk] CySad yxkuk] okYo can djuk] ydM+h
dk xqVdk yxkukA
vkblÿs'ku djrs le; vxj dsVsxjh&1 ds eVsfj;y gS tSls ,flM] dkfLVd]

Toyu'khy æO;] mPp nkc dh Hkki] tgjhys eVsfj;y] jsfM,'ku] mPp nkc o~
rki dh fLFkfr] rc Mcy Cy‚fdax djuk pkfg,A
vkblÿs'ku djrs le; vxj dsVsxjh&2 ds eVsfj;y gS rc de ls de ,d

okYo can djuk pkfg,A
d.Vªÿ okYo rFkk psd okYo ls vkblÿs'ku ugha djuk pkfg,A i‚ftfVo 'kV
vkWQ okYo ls vkblÿs'ku fd;k tk ldrk gSA
y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djus ds ckn QhYM esa] VªkÃ vkmV djds
gh dke pkyw djuk pkfg,A VªkÃ vkmV djrs le; e'khu midj.k
is d¨Ã vkneh] eVsfj;y bR;knh ugha gük pkfg,A
y‚d] VSx mUgh us gh fudkyus pkfg, ftUgäus bud¨ yxk;k gSA
y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV dk dke ogh djs ftud¨ daiuh dh rjQ ls
vf/kÑr fd;k x;k gSA
bysfDVªdy iSuy esa fdlh Mªkbo dk y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djus ls igys lqfuf'pr dj ys dh Mªkbo can gS]
ugha r¨ ¶+yS'k güs dk [krjk jgrk gSA
bysfDVªdy y‚d vkmV djrs le;] vkdZ ¶+yS'k lwV o~ bysfDVªdy gS.M XyOl dk bLrseky djsA
tc dHkh fdlh dke esa ÅtkZ J¨rä d¨ y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djus dh t#jr gS r¨ mls ijfeV esa lgh
rjhds lkQ+ lkQ+ fy[ksA vkSj y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV& VªkÃ vkmV güs ds ckn gh dke djsaA
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e'khu xkfMZax ds lqj{kk fu;e
dkj[kkuä esa pyus fQjus ?kweus ckyh uk tkus fdruh e'khus g¨rh gSA vkSj buds ?kqeus okys ikVZ~l vxj lgh
rjhds ls xkMZsM uk g¨ r¨ fui i‚baV esa fdlh ds Qlus ls nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA ,slh cgqr lh nq?kZVukvksa ds
ckjs esa ge lc y¨xä us lquk g¨xkA e'khu xkMZ dSlk gük pkfg,] fui i‚baV ls fdruh nwjh is gük pkfg,]
fdruk etcwr gük pkfg, tSlh reke tkudkfj;ä ds ckjs esa ge lc d¨ Fk¨M+h tkx:drk güh pkfg,A
vkb;s tkurs gS dh e'khu xkfMZax ls tqM+s D;k D;k lqj{kk fcUnq gSA
ge y¨x [krjukd e'khu ds ikVZ~l ds lkeus dÃ ifjfLFkfr;ä esa vkrs gS tSls vkWijs'ku ds le;] tkap ds
le;] yqfczdslu ds le;] ,MtLVesaV ds le; rFkk esaVsusal bR;kfn ds le;A bl le; [krjukd ikVZ~l ls
nq?kZVuk güs dh fjLd jgrh gSA bl fjLd d¨ lgh o~ etcwr e'khu xkMZ~l yxkdj [kRe djuk pkfg, ;k
de de dj nsuk nsuk pkfg,A [krjukd e'khu ikVZ~l rd dh igqp d¨ j¨duk pkfg,A
e'khu xkMZ~l e¨Vs r©j is rhu dsVsxjh esa yxrs gS] tSls vkWijs'ku ds i‚baV is] esdsfudy i‚oj Vªkalfe'ku is]
vkSj vU;% ewfoax ikVZ~l isA
e'khu ds ikVZ~l t¨ ?kwers gS ;k i‚oj lapkfjr djrs gS] ;k t¨ dke djrs gS o¨ MSUtj ,fj;k esa vkrs gSA
tSls : ¶ykÃ Oghy] csYV vkSj iqYyh] fx;j Oghy] 'kk¶+V] fLiaMy] LykbM] dSe] psu] Lç¨dsV fx;j] VwYl] MkÃ]
CysM~l] dVj] fMªy] pd] jÿj bR;kfnA
e'khu dk lqjf{kr <ax ls mi;¨x djus esa e'khu xkfMZax dk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk g¨rh gSA
xkMZ~l brus tfVy Hkh ugha güs pkfg, dh o¨ mRikndrk esa ck/kk cusA
xkMZ~l dÃ çdkj ds g¨rs gS tSls fQDl xkMZ] baVj y‚fdax xkMZ] vkWV¨
esfVd xkMZ] fMLVsal xkMZ] fVªi xkMZ~l
e'khu xkMZ~l dk ewyHkwr mÌs'; gS dh [krjukd ikVZ~l rd dh igqp ds

chp esa okLrfod cSfj;j ds :i esa dke djukA
e'khu xkMZ~l bl rjg ls yxkus pkfg, dh vklkuh ls yxk;s o~ fudkys

tk lds] Dyhfuax o~ e'khu ,MtLVesaV o~ csYV psaftax ds dke esa lqfo/kk
jgs [kkldj tc bldh ckj ckj t#jr iM+rh gÄ
e'khu xkMZ~l ,sls g¨ dh bUgsa flQZ VwYl dh enn ls [kÿk tk ldsA

fgUt xkMZ baVj y‚d güs pkfg,A
xkMZ cukus esa vPNh xq.koÙkk dk eVsfj;y mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A lgh
fQfVax o~ fMtkÃu ls u‚bt+ vkSj MLV esa deh vkrh gSA
xkMZ fMtkÃu vkSj fQfDlax djrs le; fuEufyf[kr n¨ fcUnqvksa d¨ /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,] buesa ls ,d gS
igq¡p dh eki] vkSj nwljk gS IyslesaVA
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jhp (igWaqp) dh eki
igWaqp (jhp) de ls de nwjh tks ekuh xbZ gS
vkeZ jhp 850 feyh ehVj ( vaMj vkeZ Vw fi!axj fVi )
,Ycks jhp 550 feyhehVj ( bulkbM ,Ycks Vw fi!axj fVi )
fjLV jhp 230 feyhehVj ( fjLV Vw fVi vkWi! feMhy fi!axj )
oVhZdy jhp 2500 feyhehVj ( Qyksj Vw MSUtj ikWabZV )
fi!axj jhp 130 feyhehVj
xkMZ IyslesaV dh eki

esl lkbt+ o~ xkMZ esa vU; vksfuax xkMZ o~ MSUtj ikWabZV ds chp U;wure nwjh
9 feyhehVj ls de 15 feyhehVj
9 feyhehVj ls 25 feyhehVj 120 feyhehVj
25 feyhehVj ls 40 feyhehVj 200 feyhehVj
400 feyhehVj ls tknk 1000 feyhehVj
vaMj lkbM vkWi! xkMZ ls Qyksj ds chp dh nwjh 250 feyhehVj ls T;knk ugha gksuh pkgh, A
'khV esVy xkMZ 1-5 feyhehVj e¨VkÃ ls de ugha gük pkfg,A

9 feyhehVj esl lkbt+ ds xkMZ~l esa ok;j dh e¨VkÃ 1-5 feyhehVj ls de ugha
güh pkfg,
50 feyhehVj esl lkbt+ ds xkMZ~l esa ok;j dh e¨VkÃ 3 feyhehVj ls de ugha
güh pkfg,
lHkh dUos;j esa iqy dkMZ mfpr ÅapkÃ is yxh güh pkfg,A vkSj ;g ges'kk
QaD'kuy jguh pkfg,A
dUos;j esa bejtsalh LV‚i fLop gük pkfg,A
dUos;j esa ckfuZax lkÃju yxs güs pkfg,A
fdlh dUos;j esa fcuk ijfeV o~ y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV ds d¨Ã dke u djsaA
tc dUos;j ls eVsfj;y ds fxjus dh laHkkouk g¨ r¨ muds fdukjs LdVZ c¨MZ yxkus pkfg,A
y¨fMax vkSj VªkUlQj i‚baV is LdVZ c¨MZ dh yEckÃ csYV dh p©M+kÃ dh de ls de 2-5 xquk güh pkfg,A
dUos;j d¨ vksoj y¨M u djs rFkk bls vksoj LihM is u pyk;sA
pkyw dUos;j is mfpr nwjh is jgrs gq, fotqvy baLisD'ku dj ldrs gS rFkk ywt diMs u igusA
pkyw dUos;j ds Mªe o~ iqYyh dh lQkÃ u djsA
pkyw dUos;j esa] iqYyh ls iRFkj gVkus dh d¨f'k'k u djsA
dUos;j ds Åij fcuk ijfeV o~ y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV ds lkQ+ lQkÃ u djsA
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Ldki!ksfYMax ds dke ds nkSjku lqj{kk
tc 1-8 ehVj ;k mlls Åij ÅapkÃ ij dke g¨ tgk¡ LFkk;h IysVQkeZ ugha gä r¨ LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ ds
ek/;e ls dke fd;k tkrk gSA LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ ,d ,slk vLFkk;h etcwr HkkM+k gS t¨fd vkneh o~
eVsfj;y d¨ li¨VZ djus yk;d g¨rk gSA ,sls HkkM+s yVds o~ li¨VZsM Vkbi ds g¨rs gSA lkekU;r;k LdkQŸM
pkj çkbejh dsVsxjh dh g¨rh gS tSls V~;wc ,aM diyj ;k di ykd LdkQŸM] lLisalu LdkQŸM] e¨ckby
LdkQŸM] Lis'ky LdkQŸMA LdkQ¨fYMax ds dke esa HkkM+k cukrs le; Åij ls vkneh ds ;k fQj eVsfj;y
ds fxjus dk [krjk g¨rk gSA dHkh dHkh vxj HkkM+k etcwr ugha gS r¨ HkkM+k [kqn esa iyV ldrk gS vkSj cM+h
nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA ÅapkÃ ds dkeä ds fy, vk;s fnu ge y¨x u tkus fdrus HkkM+s cukrs gS vkSj mu ij
dke djrs gSA bu [krjä ls cpus ds fy, LdkQ¨fYMax ls tqMh lqj{kk dh ckrä dk tkuuk cgqr t#jh gSA
vkb;s bl fp= ds ek/;e ls HkkM+s ds lHkh vax vFkok blds vo;o ds ckjs esa xgjkÃ ls tkusA
csl IysV % ;g ekbYM LVhy dh cuh gqÃ IysV g¨rh gS vkSj bldk lkbt+
100x100x6 feyhehVj dk g¨rk gSA rFkk blesa 38 feyhehVj O;kl o~ 75
feyhehVj yEckÃ dk fLixkV g¨rk gSA bls tehu ij LVS.MMZ ds uhps
li¨VZ ds :i esa yxkrs gSA
lÿ IysV : ;g ekbYM LVhy dh cuh gqÃ IysV g¨rh gS vkSj bldk lkbt+
300x300x6 feyhehVj dk g¨rk gSA bls csl IysV ds uhps mu ,fj;k esa
yxkrs gS tgk¡ isfoax ugha g¨rh gSA
LVS.MMZ : LdkQ¨fYMax esa ofVZdy esacj d¨ LVS.MMZ dgrs gSA
cs ysaFk : LdkQ¨fYMax ds Qsl esa] n¨ utnhdh LVS.MMZ ds chp dh nwjh d¨
cs ysaFk dgrs gSA lkekU;r;k ;g nwjh vf/kdre 2-7 ehVj g¨rh gSA
czsflax : czsflax LdkQŸM d¨ ck¡/k ds j[krk gS vkSj HkkM+s dh foÑfr d¨ j¨drk gSA
ystj : ,d {kSfrt esacj g¨rk gS] vkSj ;g jkÃV ,axy is LVS.MMZ ls ca/krk gSA ;g iqV ykx o~ VSut+e~ d¨ Hkh
li¨VZ djrk gSA
fy¶V gkbV : n¨ ystj ds chp dh oVhZdy gkbV d¨ fy¶V gkbV dgrs gSA ;g lkekU;r;k 2-2 ehVj g¨rh gSA
diyj : LdkQ¨fYMax cukus esa diyj dke esa vkrs gSA ;s jkÃV ,axy o~ fLoosy diyj g¨rs gSA
fddj fy¶V : tc LdkQŸM 6 ehVj dh gkbV ls T;knk g¨ ;k gSoh y¨M ds fy, cuk;ha tk jgh g¨ rc igyk
ystj ikbi tehu ls 150 feyhehVj yEcor nwjh is yxkrs gSA blh d¨ fddj fy¶V dgrs gSA
Vkbt : LdkQ¨fYMax ds LVSaMMZ~l d¨ Vkbt ¼ ikbi ½ ds ek/;e ls fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ;k LVªDpj ls ck¡/kk
tkrk gS ftlls dh LdkQ¨fYMax fxjsa vkSj iyVs ughaA ;g gj 6 ehVj ds varjky is yEckÃ vkSj ÅapkÃ esa
yxkuk pkfg,A jsdj ;g ,d >qdk gqvk y¨M lgus ckyk ikbi li¨VZ g¨rk gS] ftls LdkQŸM ls tehu is
yxk;k tkrk gSA
iqV ykx : ;g LdkQŸM dk ,d esEcj g¨rk gS t¨ ystj ls ystj vFkok ystjA LVS.MMZ ls fcfYMax ds chp
esa g¨rk gSA ftl ij IysVQkeZ jsLV djrk gSA
V¨ c¨MZ : V¨ c¨MZ ,d cSfj;j g¨rk gS ftls LdkQŸM IysVQkeZ ds fdukjs is yxkrs gS ftlls dh d¨Ã ywt
eVsfj;y HkkM+s ls fxjs ughaA
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V¨ c¨MZ : V¨ c¨MZ ,d cSfj;j g¨rk gS ftls LdkQŸM IysVQkeZ ds fdukjs
is yxkrs gS ftlls dh d¨Ã ywt eVsfj;y HkkM+s ls fxjs ughaA
VSut+e : ;g ,d LdkQŸM dk esacj g¨rk gS] t¨ LdkQŸM esa ystj ls

LVS.MMZ ds chp esa ck¡/kk tkrk gSA vkSj ;g IysVQkeZ d¨ Hkh li¨VZ djrk gSA
l~dkQŸM V~;wc % ;g lkekU;r;k 40 feyhehVj O;kl ¼u¨feuy½ dh LVhy

V~;wc g¨rh gSA V~;wc dh e¨VkÃ 4 feyhehVj güh pkfg,A
i~ySad % IysVQkeZ cukus ds fy, IySad dk mi;¨x fd;k tkrk gSA IySad ydM+h o~ esVy
tkyh ds g¨ ldrs gSA IySaDl dh p©M+kÃ yxHkx 8 bap g¨rh gSA rFkk ydMh ds IySaDl
dh e¨VkÃ yxHkx 32 ls 50 feyhehVj g¨rh gSA esVy IySaDl dh p©M+kÃ yxHkx 300
feyhehVj g¨rh gSA bysfDVªdy ds dke d¨ N¨M+dj gesa lc txg esVy mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A
e¨ckby LdkQŸM : LVªhV ykbV fjis;fjax bR;kfn ds dke esa e¨ckby LdkQŸM dk mi;¨x fd;k tkrk gSA
;s Oghy ds Åij ekmaVsM jgrh gSA
yVdh gqÃ LdkQŸM : tc ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd IysVQkeZ fdlh jLlh ;k vU; ek/;e ls fdlh vksoj gsM
LVªDpj ls yVds g¨rs gS r¨ mls lLisaMsM LdkQŸM dgrs gSA
li¨VZsM LdkQŸM : tc ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd IysVQkeZ fdlh vkmV fVªxj

che] czSdsV bR;kfn is li¨VZsM g¨rs gS r¨ mls li¨VZsM LdkQŸM dgrs gSA
flLVe LdkQŸM % flLVe LdkQŸM i¨LV] juj] cs;jj vkSj Mk;xüy ls

cuh g¨rh gSA bues dusDlu i‚baV fQDl g¨rs gSA ftUgsa vkil esa t¨M+dj
LdkQŸM cukrs gSA
Ldk¶Q¨fYMax ds dke esa lqj{kk fu;e bl çdkj gSA

LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ d¨ vuqekfur y¨M ls yxHkx 4 xquk {kerk dk cukuk pkfg,A rFkk uhps nh xÃ Vscy
ds fglkc ls LdkQŸM IysVQkeZ fMtkÃu djuk pkfg,A
LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ esa xkMZ jsy o~ V¨ c¨MZ yxkuk pkfg,A V‚Ik jsy : 1100 feyhehVj is] feM jsy % 600
feyhehVj is] rFkk V¨ c¨MZ 150 feyhehVj lkbt+ dk gksuk pkgh, A
fctyh ds dke esa vkus okyh LdkQŸM esa ydM+h ds IySaDl mi;¨x fd;s tkus pkfg,A rFkk vU; dkeä esa
tgk¡ g‚V odZ tSlk dke g¨ ogka ij esVy IySaDl mi;¨x fd;s tkus pkfg,A
HkkM+k Iyac rFkk ysoy esa ges'kk gük pkfg,A bldh p©M+kÃ de ls de n¨ tkyh ds cjkcj güh pkfg,A
t¨fd yxHkx 600 feyhehVj ds cjkcj g¨rh gS A
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HkkMs + ds eEscj dk vkosj gxaS 6 bp
a ls 12 bp
a ds chp ea s gük pkfg,A tkyh nüä fljä is etcrw c/akh gÃq güh pkfg,A
V~;wc vkSj diyj LdkQŸM esa tc bldh ÅapkÃ csl ifjeki ls pkj xqus ls T;knk g¨ rc fVfiax ls cpus ds
fy, HkkM+s d¨ fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ls ck¡/k ds j[ksA
V~;wc vkSj diyj Vkbi dh oky LdkQŸM d¨ LVªDpj ls yEckÃ esa gj 10 ehVj is] vkSj ÅapkÃ esa gj 8 ehVj
is li¨VZ djuk pkfg,A n¨ LVS.MMZ o~ n¨ ystlZ d¨ t¨M+rs le; de ls de 600 feyhehVj dk vksojySi gük
pkfg, vkSj n¨ DySEIl yxk;s tkus pkfg,A
e¨ckby LdkQŸM esa tc bldh ÅapkÃ csl ifjeki ls rhu xqus ls T;knk g¨ rc bld¨ lgh rjhds ls li¨VZ
djuk pkfg,A ftlls dh ;g iyVs ughaA
e¨ckby LdkQŸM esa dke djrs le; dSLVj Oghy d¨ y‚d djuk u HkwysA vkSj LdkQŸM d¨ b/kj m/kj
f'k¶V djrs le; Åij IysVQkeZ is u cSBsA ÅapkÃ is dke djrs le; ckM+h gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djsA
LdkQŸM ewo djrs le; ukyh] gÿ] Å¡ph uhph lrg rFkk vksoj gsM ykbUl dk [;ky j[ksA HkkM+k ewo djrs
le; IysVQkeZ is d¨Ã ywt eVsfj;y u j[ksA xfr esa ;g HkkM+s ls fxj ldrk gSA
lLisaMsM LdkQŸM mi;¨x djus ls igys bdkÃ çeq[k dh vuqefr ysA
LdkQ¨fYMax HkkM+ä] ju os] jSai bR;kfn esa 25 feyhehVj T;knk dh vksifuax ugha güh pkfg,A
c¨MZ ;k IySad d¨ IysVQkeZ ij lkeku o~ lery :i ls yxkuk pkfg,A vkSj bls etcwrh ls cka/kuk gSA IySad
o~ c¨MZ IySad ds uhps mfpr ek=k esa li¨VZ gük pkfg,A de ls de rhu li¨VZA
d¨Ã :Q ;k :Q dk fgLlk ftldh fip 10 fMxzh ls T;knk g¨] fuekZ.k] esaVsusal] fjis;j ;k Mse¨fy'ku ds
n©jku] vkus tkus ds fy, mi;¨x fd;k x;k g¨ vkSj ogka ls fxjus dk [krjk g¨ r¨ ,slh txg is xkMZ jsy
yxh güh pkfg,A vkSj ;fn fip 30 fMxzh ls T;knk g¨ r¨ Økfyax c¨MZ] ykbQykbu ] ckM+h gkuZsl dk mi;¨x
vfuok;Z gS A
ydM+h o~ cEcw dh LdkQŸM dk mi;¨x oftZr gSA blds mi;¨x ds fy, fo'ks"k vuqefr çkIr djsA
fcuk ijfeV ds LdkQ¨fYMax dk dke u djsA
LdkQ¨fYMax dk dke djrs le; Qky ç¨VsDlu tSls ckM+h gkuZsl dk mi;¨x vfuok;Z gSA
LdkQ¨fYMax d¨ ,d leku lery l‚fyM txg ij cuk;sA
vxj LdkQ¨fYMax fdlh vkus tkus ds jkLrs ds Åij cukuh gS r¨ feM jsy o~ V¨ c¨MZ ds chp esa LØhu yxk;sA
tc LdkQ¨fYMax dh txg ds Åij d¨Ã vU; dke py jgk gS] vkSj ogh uhps LdkQ¨fYMax cukuh gS] ,slh
fLFkfr esa vksoj gsM ç¨VsDlu yxkuk vfuok;Z gSA
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LdkQ¨fYMax IysVQkeZ esa vkus tkus ds fy,] lh<+h yxh güh pkfg,A LdkQ¨fYMax esa i¨VZscy ySMj ugha güh
pkfg,A bUgsa fQDl Vkbi ls yxkuk pkfg,A
LdkQ¨fYMax bjsDlu ds le;] ySMj igys n¨ ystj yxus ds lkFk yxk nsuk pkfg,A rkfd LdkQŸMj bjsDlu
ds le; bldk mi;¨x dj ldsA
LdkQ¨fYMax [kÿrs le; bls Åij ls uhps ,d ,d djds [kÿsA vpkud uhps ;k chp ds li¨VZ fudkyus
ls LdkQ¨fYMax [kÿrs le; iyV ldrh gSA [kÿrs le; V~;wc ;k vU; eVsfj;y Åij ls uhps u QsadsA
LdkQ¨fYMax ds dke ds vkl ikl 3 ehVj dh nwjh esa d¨Ã fctyh dh ykbu ugha güh pkfg,A vxj gS r¨
fjLd vlslesaV dj fo'ks"k lko/kkuh dh O;oLFkk djsA
tc HkkM+k fuekZ.kk/khu gS ;k fQj [kÿk tk jgk gS] r¨ jsM ¼ yky ½ VSx yxk;sA bldk eryc gS dh HkkM+k
mi;¨x ds fy, lqjf{kr ugha gSA
tc HkkM+k iw.kZ rjhds ls cu x;k g¨] psd dj fy;k x;k g¨] rc mlds ckn mles xzhu ¼ gjk ½ VSx yxk;sA
bldk eryc ;g gS dh vc HkkM+k mi;¨x ds fy, lqjf{kr gSA
LdkQ¨fYMax ds dke ds ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM dj ns vkSj psrkouh c¨MZ yxk;s dh lko/kku HkkM+k fuekZ.k dk dke
pkyw gSA
jsM VSx LdkQŸM dk mi;¨x u djsA
HkkM+s dk mi;¨x ds n©jku] gj g¶rs bldk psdfyLV ds fglkc ls fujh{k.k djsaA
fdlh Hkh HkkM+s d¨ bldh lqjf{kr {kerk ls T;knk y¨M u djsA HkkM+k VwV ldrk gSA
lHkh LdkQ¨fYMax eVsfj;y dk lkykuk fujh{k.k djds dyj d¨fMax djsA
LdkQ¨fYMax dk dke ogh y¨x djs t¨ bl dke d¨ djus ds fy, çf'kf{kr gSA
dke ds fglkc ls LdkQ¨fYMax dh {kerk bl çdkj ls güh pkfg,A
yksM M~;wVh ykbV M~;wVh ehMh;e M~;wVh gSoh M~;wVh
vf/kdre lqjf{kr yksM fdykxzke 75 150 225 300 450 600
vf/kdre cs yEckbZ @ pkSMkbZ ehVj esa 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8
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gS.M o~ ikWoj VwYl lacaf/kr lqj{kk ds fu;e
gS.M o~ i‚oj VwYl ds xyr mi;¨x ls cgqr lh nq?kZVuk,a g¨rh gSA blfy, VwYl dk lsysDlu o~ mi;¨x
le>nkjh ls djuk pkfg,A
dHkh Hkh e'k:e gsM gSej] fptsy] ckjh dk mi;¨x uk djsaA blls dke ds le; fpIl fudy ds vk¡[k esa
yx ldrs gSA
gSej dh txg fdlh LiSuj] fjap bR;kfn dk bLrseky u djsaA
ywt gSaMy ds gsaM VwYl dk bLrseky u djsaA
gS.M VwYl esa fdlh rjhds dk vk;y] xzhl bR;kfn ugha gük pkfg,A
bysfDVªdy VwYl esa Iyx V‚i o~ vfFkZax güh pkfg,A
tqxkMw vkStkjä dk mi;¨x u djsaA
VwYl d¨ Vwy c‚Dl esa lkQ+ lQkÃ ls j[ksa
uqdhys VwYl dh /kkj ls lko/kku jgsa vkSj mUgsa doj djds j[ksaA
vkStkjä d¨ fdlh d¨ Qsddj u nsaA
vkStkjä dh lajpuk esa vius eu ls ifjorZu u djsaA
LVS.MMZ ,WWQ+ j‚M dk bLrseky djsaAlfj;k ls cuh ,WWQ+ j‚M dk ç;¨x u djsaA
ejs gq, gsM ckys vkStkjä d¨ mi;¨x u djsaA mUgsa fMLdkMZ dj nsaA
lh<+h p<+rs mrjrs le; gkFkä esa vkStkj idM+ ds uk pysaA Vwy cSx dk mi;¨x djsaA
Hkkjh vkStkjä d¨ f'k¶V djrs le; lko/kkuh ojrsA blls dej esa >Vdk yx ldrk gSA
bysfDVªdy VwYl tSls dfVax Iyk;j bR;kfn esa balqys'ku vPNk jguk pkfg,A
bysfDVªdy VwYl dh dscy vPNh daMhlu esa gük pkfg,A dscy vkus tkus okys jkLrä ij ugha iM+h güh
pkfg,A
VwYl d¨ mi;¨x djus ls igys psd djsa] dh og mi;¨x ds fy, lqjf{kr gS dh ughaA
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xzkbafMax @ dfVax ds lqj{kk fu;e
xzkbafMax o~ dfVax dk dke fuekZ.k o~ esafVusal ds dkeä esa g¨rk gSA xzkbafMax dk dke lkekU;r;k fQfuf'kax ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA dfVax e'khu ls gkÃ LihM dfVax Oghy ls eVsfj;y d¨ dkVus dk dke djrs gSA bu
dkeä esa djaV yxuk] ty tkuk] Oghy VwV tkuk] vk¡[k esa fdlh fpi dk pyk tkuk] vkx yx tkuk o~ 'kjhj
dk d¨Ã vax dV tkuk tSls dÃ [krjs g¨rs gSA bu [krjä ls cpus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lqj{kk lko/kkfu;ä dk
ikyu djuk pkfg,A
xzkbafMax@ dfVax e'khu esa Oghy xkMZ dk gük vfr vko';d gSA
xzkbafMax fMLd@ dfVax fMLd dh ,Dlik;jh MsV d¨ psd djds
mi;¨x djsaA vxj MsV [k+Re g¨ xÃ gS r¨ bldk bLrseky u djsaA
e'khu dh vkj ih ,e ds fglkc ls lgh Oghy dk pquko djsa rFkk
mi;¨x djsaA de vkj ih ,e dh fMLd d¨ gkÃ vkj ih ,e dh
e'khu is u pyk;saA blls Oghy VwVus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
e'khu ds bysfDVªdy dusD'ku Iyx V‚i ds ek/;e ls djsaA rFkk
Ã ,y lh ch dk mi;¨x djsaA b ,y lh ch dh fVªfiax lsafLVfoVh
30 feyh ,fEivj güh pkfg,A
,sls dkeä d¨ dq'ky o~ çf'kf{kr dkexkj gh djsaA e'khu pykrs
le; Qsl 'khYM dk mi;¨x djsaA
e'khu is fMLd lgh fQV djsaA
xzkbafMax o~ dfVax dk dke djrs le;] t‚c d¨ lgh okbl is LFkkfir djsaA
xzkbafMax@ dfVax ds dke ds ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM djsa ;k LØhu yxk;saA bldh fpaxkfj;ka nwj rd mM+rh gSA
vkSj fdlh dh vk¡[k esa fpaxkjh tk ldrh gSA vkSj blds vykok dgh vkx Hkh yx ldrh gSA xzkbafMax dh
txg is tyus okyk d¨Ã inkFkZ ugha gük pkgh;s A
vk;y MªeA cSjsy d¨ xzkbafMaxA dfVax djds u dkVsaA blls foLQ¨V güs dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA
e'khu dh dscy idM+ ds e'khu d¨ uk gh [khpsa o~ uk VkaxsaA dscy esa d¨Ã dscy t‚baV ugha gük pkfg,A
vkSj vxj gS r¨ og balqysVsM dusDVj ls cuk gük pkfg,A
e'khu esa vfFkZax güh pkfg, rFkk d¨f'k'k djuh pkfg, dh Mcy balqysVsM
e'khu dk mi;¨x gÄ bldk fpUg g¨rk gS ,d oxZ ds vUnj nwljk oxZA
e'khu esa MsM eSu fLop gük pkfg;saA pyrh e'khu d¨ N¨M+dj b/kj m/kj
u tk,¡A
xzkbafMax@ dfVax fMLd d¨ MªkÃ txg is lqjf{kr <ax ls LV¨j djsaA
ueh o~ ikuh ls Oghy [k+jkc g¨ tkrs gS vkSj mi;¨x ds le; VwV ldrs gSA
fMLd d¨ b/kj m/kj iVds o~ fxjk,¡ ughaA blls Oghy esa ØSd vk tkrs gS
t¨fd uaxh vk¡[k ls fn[kkÃ ugha iM+rs gSA ØSd Oghy mi;¨x ds le; VwV ldrs gSA
xzkbafMax@ dfVax fMLd d¨ LVS.MMZ fuekZrkvksa ls [kjhnsA y¨dy Oghy lLrs g¨rs gS exj muds VwVus dk
[krjk T;knk jgrk gSA
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i!LVZ&,sM ( izkFkfed mipkj ) ds U;wure fu;e
M‚DVj ds igq¡pus ls igys fdlh nq?kZVukxzLr ;k vpkud chekj iM+s O;fDr d¨ rRdky fn, tkus okys mipkj
o~ lgk;rk d¨ çkFkfed mipkj dgrs gSA çkFkfed mipkj dk mÌs'; miyC/k lk/kuä ls j¨xh dh çk.k j{kk]
LokLFk ykHk esa enn djuk] foxM+rh fLFkfr j¨duk vkSj ckn esa güs okyh tfVyrkvksa d¨ de ls de djuk gSA
çkFkfed mipkj ogh y¨x djsa t¨ bl dke d¨ djus ds fy, çf'kf{kr gäA
tyus ij QLVZ&,sM
çHkkfor Hkkx ij cgrk BaMk ikuh MkysaA
tys Hkkx ij d¨Ã eyge ;k rsy ;k d¨Ã vU; pht uk yxk;saA
tyh gqÃ Ropk d¨ gVkus ;k QQÿs d¨ Q¨M+us dk ç;kl uk djsaA
?kko d¨ j¨xk.kqjfgr diMs ls <ad nsaA
vkxs fpfdRldh; lgk;rk ysus dh rqjar O;oLFkk djsaA
t[e güs ij QLVZ&,sM
;fn jDr Jko g¨ r¨ mls j¨dsaA
t[e d¨ uk Nq,aA
t[e d¨ j¨xk.kqjfgr diMs ls <ad nsaA
vk¡[k dh p¨V ds fy, QLVZ&,sM
vk¡[k esa ls d¨Ã ckgjh d.k fudkyus dk ç;kl ugha djuk pkfg,A
vk¡[ksa uk eysaA
rsy ;k eyge dk ç;¨x uk djsaA
j¨xk.kqjfgr diMs ls <ad nsaA
yw yxus ij QLVZ&,sM
j¨xh d¨ fyVk nsa] vkSj mlds vkUrfjd oL=ä d¨ N¨M+dj vU; oL= mrkj nsaA
j¨xh d¨ ia[ks ds uhps fyVk nsaA vkSj mlds 'kkjhj ij ckj ckj BaMk ikuh MkysaA
flj d¨ BUMs ikuh ls /k¨,a vkSj r©fy;s ls lq[kk nsaA
'kkjhj dk rkieku lkekU; güs ij ikuh Mkyuk can dj nsaA
,d fxykl ikuh esa ,d pqVdh [kkus dk ued Mkydj Hkjiwj BaMk ikuh fiyk;saA
vk?kkr ¼ 'k‚d ½
j¨xh d¨ ihB ds cy fyVk nsa] ik¡o dh vksj ls foLrj d¨ Å¡pk djsaA
;fn jDr Jko g¨ r¨ mls j¨dsA
t[eh Hkkx d¨ lgkjk nsdj nnZ esa deh yk;sa] j¨xh d¨ vkjkenk;d fLFkfr esa j[ksaA
j¨xh d¨ ilhuk uk vkus nsaA ;fn j¨xh lpsr gS r¨ Fk¨M+h Fk¨M+h ek=k esa rjy inkFkZ fiyk;saA
j¨xh d¨ vk'okflr djrs jgs] vkxs fpfdRldh; lgk;rk ysus dh rqjar O;oLFkk djsaA
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gM~Mh VwVus ij QLVZ&,sM
gM~Mh VwVus ds y{k.k : nnZ] nckus ls nnZ] lwtu] 'kfDr gzkl]
vax foÑfr g¨rs gSA
;fn vU; dkj.kä ls j¨xh dh tku d¨ d¨Ã [krjk uk g¨ r¨
j¨xh d¨ fgyk,a Mqyk,¡ ughaA
jDr Jko o~ 'okl lEoU/kh dfBukÃ;ä dk mipkj djsaA fdlh
mi;qDr [kiPph ls vfLFk Hkax d¨ fLFkj dj nsaA
fLFkj djus esa ,d t¨M+ VwVh gM~Mh ds uhps vkSj ,d t¨M+
mlds Åij gük pkfg,A j¨xh d¨ vLirky ys tk,¡A
bysfDVªd 'k‚d güs ij QLVZ&,sM
fdlh O;fDr d¨ tc bysfDVªd 'k‚d yxrk gS rc igys ml

O;fDr d¨ fctyh ds çokg ls lw[kh ydM+h ;k ckal ls /kdsydj
vyx dj nsaA ;k esu fLop can dj ds fctyh ds çokg d¨ j¨d nsaA
ejht d¨ lqjf{kr txg ij ys tk,¡A
ejht d¨ fyVk nsaA
;fn ejht dh xnZu ;k jh<+ d¨ uqDlku gqvk gqvk g¨ r¨ ejht d¨ T;knk fgyk,a Mqyk,¡ ughaA
t#jr g¨ r¨ ejht d¨ vkfVZQhfl;y jsfLijslu ¼ lh ih vkj ½ nsaA
j¨xh d¨ vLirky ys tk,¡A
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xSl dfVax lsQVh
xSl dfVax ds dke esa vkx o~ foLQ¨V dk [krjk jgrk gSA dfVax ds le; vk¡[kä esa Hkh p¨V yxus ds
laHkkouk jgrh gSA xSl flfyaMj d¨ vxj lgh <ax ls gSaMy o~ mi;¨x u djus ls foLQ¨V o~ vkx yxus dk
cM+k [krjk jgrk gSA fuekZ.k o~ esaVsusal ds dkeä esa xSl dfVax dh t#jr iM+rh gSA bu [krjä ls cpus ds
fy, xSl dfVax ds lHkh lqj{kk fu;eä dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A
xSl flfyaMj d¨ ges'kk vi jkÃV ¼ lh/kk ½ o~ psu bR;kfn ls ck¡/k ds j[ksaA
xSl flfyaMj d¨ xSl flfyaMj Vªkyh is j[kdj mi;¨x djsaA
xSl flfyaMj d¨ j¨M is jÿ djds f'k¶V u djsaA Vªkyh o~ vU; mfpr
lk/ku dk mi;¨x djsaA
xSl flfyaMj d¨ vxj Åij ÅapkÃ is f'k¶V djuk gS r¨ VsLVsM ØsMy o~

iSysV dk mi;¨x djsaA lh/kk fLyax yxkdj flfyaMj d¨ f'k¶V u djsa A
xSl flfyaMj ds okYo esa okYo ç¨VsD'ku dSi yxh güh pkfg,A
vkWDlhtu o~ ¶;wy xSl flfyaMj d¨ nwjh cuk ds LV¨j djsaA vkil esa feDl djds LV¨j u djsaA chp dh nwjh
de ls de 6 ehVj ds yxHkx güh pkfg,A
xSl flfyaMj d¨ g‚V odZ ,fj;k ls mfpr nwjh is j[ksaA ftlls dh vkx dh fpaxkjh flfyaMj is u igqpsA vkSj
tc ,slk djuk vlaHko g¨ r¨ flfyaMj d¨ vPNs <ax ls 'khYM djsa] Qk;j CySadsV ls <dsaA
xSl flfyaMj d¨ [kqyh vkx o~ Tokyk ds ikl u j[ksaA xSl flfyaMj d¨ fctyh ds lfdZV ls nwj j[ksaA vkSj
mu ij bysDVª¨M LVªkbd u djsaA
xSl flfyaMj d¨ lhfer LFkkuä ds vUnj u ys tk,¡A
MSest o~ fMQsfDVo flfyaMj d¨ mi;¨x u djsaA xSl flfyaMj

esa lIyk;jA fuekZrk ds vykok d¨Ã nwljk O;fDr e‚fMfQds'kuA
fjis;j ugha djuk pkfg,A
xSl flfyaMj esa jsxqysVj yxkus ls igys] okYo d¨ Fk¨Mk lk [kÿ ds xSl
ikl djuh pkfg, ftlls dh MLV o~ dwjk dpjk bR;kfn ckgj fudy tk;sA
xSl ikl djrs le;] okYo dh lh/k esa u [kM+s gÄ vkSj ikl esa d¨Ã g‚V
odZ ugha gük pkfg,A
flfyaMj okYo ls jsxqysVj gVkus ds igys flfyaMj dk okYo can djuk u HkwysaA
vxj xSl flfyaMj esa d¨Ã yhdst ik;h tkrh gS r¨ flfyaMj ds XysaM uV d¨ VkbV djsaA vxj yhdst can
ugha g¨rh gS r¨ flfyaMj d¨ rqjar lIyk;j d¨ okil djsaA
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xSl flfyaMj dh pkch flfyaMj ds lkFk ca/kh güh pkfg,A
¶;wy xSl ds fy, jsM o~ vksjsat dyj ds LVS.MMZ g¨t ikbi dk mi;¨x djsaA rFkk vkWDlhtu xSl ds fy,
Cyw o~ CySd dyj ds g¨t ikbi dk mi;¨x djsaA
ØSd] fdad g¨t ikbi dk mi;¨x uk djsaA buls xSl yhd g¨ ldrh gSA g¨t ikbi ds dusDlu tqcyh
DySEi ls vPNs <ax ls djsa rkfd yhdst u jgsA chp chp esa lHkh dusDlu dk lï okVj ls yhd VsLV Hkh
djuk pkfg,A
¶y¨j ij g¨t ikbIl d¨ osfYMax dscYl] i‚oj dscYl ls vyx j[krs gq,]
fdukjs ls lqjf{kr <ax ls :V djuk pkfg;saA
xSl dfVax lsV esa flfyaMj o~ V¨pZ lkbM esa ¶+yS'k cSd vjsLVj yxkuk vfuok;Z gSA
dfVax V¨pZ dh fVi vxj tke g¨ tk;s r¨ mls Dyhfuax ok;j ls Dyhu djsaA
ugha r¨ cSd Qk;j dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA
dfVax V¨pZ d¨ fÝD'ku ykbVj ls tykuk pkfg,A ekfpl o~ fdlh g‚V odZ
ls V¨pZ d¨ tykuk lqjf{kr ugha ekuk tkrk gSA
xSl dfVax lsV esa jsxqysVj] V¨pZ bR;kfn LVS.MMZ güs pkfg,A y¨dy eVsfj;y
d¨ ugha mi;¨x ugha djsaA
vkWDlhtu xSl flfyaMj ds okYo o~ fQfVaXl esa vk;y o~ xzhl dk mi;¨x oftZr
gS] blls foLQ¨V güs dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA
V¨pZ tykrs le;] igys ¶;wy xSl d¨ pkyw djs vkSj fQj vkWDlhtu xSl dÄ V¨pZ tyus ds ckn çslj dh
cjkcj lsfVax djds dke djsaA
V¨pZ d¨ nqckjk ¼ jh ykbVfuax ½ tykus ls igys] nüä vkWDlhtu o~ ¶;wy ykbu d¨ V¨pZ ds okYo [kÿ
ds itZ djsaA
V¨pZ d¨ can djrs le;] igys vkWDlhtu okYo d¨ can djsa vkSj fQj ckn esa ¶;wy xSl dÄ blds ckn
flfyaMj ds okYo can djsA bruk djus ds ckn] g¨t çs'kj d¨ V¨pZ ds okYo [kÿdj fjyht dj nsaA
vkSj var esa jsxqysVj ds okYo d¨ can dj nsaA
xSl dfVax lsV dh frekgh psfdax djsaA bl psfdax ds n©jku] g¨t] jsxqysVj] xst] V¨pZ] Vªkyh] VwYl bR;kfn
dh daMhlu ns[ksaA vkSj tc lc dqN Bhd gS r¨ ml ij VSx yxk;saA
xSl dfVax djrs le; mfpr 'ksM uacj ds lqj{kk pLek igusaA vxj d¨Ã ikl esa utnhd dke dj jgk gS r¨
mls gVk nsA bl dke ds n©jku vkl ikl ds y¨x lkekU; lqj{kk pLek igusaA
xSl dfVax ds le;] gS.M XyOl dk bLrseky djsaA xeZ eky d¨ fpUfgr djsa] ugha r¨ d¨Ã Nwusa ls ty ldrk gSA
ÅapkÃ is dfVax djrs le;] osfYMax CysadsV] th vkÃ 'khV dk bLrseky djsaA ftlls LikdZ bR;kfn uhps u
fxjsaA uhps ls tyus okyh oLrq, gVk ns rFkk csfjdsM djsaA dfVax djrs le; uhps d¨Ã vkneh ugha [kM+k gük
pkfg,] ugha r¨ o¨ ty ldrk gSA
vk;y Mªe o~ cSjsy bR;kfn d¨ xSl dfVax ls u dkVsaA blls foLQ¨V g¨ ldrk gSA tyrh V¨pZ d¨ N¨M+dj
b/kj m/kj u tk,¡A
xSl dfVax ds le;] ,çu] LyhOl bR;kfn dk bLrseky djsaA
Dy¨t :e esa xSl dfVax ds le;] mfpr osUVys'ku lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg;saA
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vfXu o~ vfXu lqj{kk ds mik;
vfXu iap rRoä esa ls ,d rRo gS] vkSj blds lekos'k ls lzf"V dh jpuk g¨rh gSA vkx gekjs thou ds fy,
,d vk/kkjHkwr t#jr gSA vkx ftruh mi;¨xh gS mruh gh Hk;kog g¨ ldrh gS vxj lgh ls mi;¨x u dh
tk,¡A dkj[kkuä esa vkx ds yxus ls cM+s cM+s gknls g¨ tkrs gS] rFkk Hkkjh tku eky ds uqdlku ls xqtjuk
iM+rk gSA cM+h vkx cM+h vkx dh nq?kZVukvksa ls foLQ¨V o~ rckgh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA IykaV rgl
ugl g¨ tkrs gSA gekjh thfodk pyh tkrh gSA vkx ds ckn dk eatj ns[kus ds yk;d ugha g¨rk gSA ,slh
vkxä ds ihNs N¨Vh N¨Vh ekuoh; xyfr;k o~ uknkuh g¨rh gSA
vkb;s le>rs gS dh vkx D;k gS] vkx fdrus çdkj dh g¨rh gS]
vkx dSls yxrh gS] vkx dh j¨dFkke o~ cpko ds fy, D;k djuk pkfg,A
vkx D;k gS
;g ,d ,slh çfØ;k o~ dsfedy fj,D'ku gS] t¨fd ¶;wy] ,;j] o~ fdlh
fpaxkjh ¼ghV½ ds mfpr vuqikr esa feyus ls iSnk g¨rh gSA ¶;wy ds :i
esa vius dk;ZLFky ij dÃ pht+s g¨rh gS tSls isVªÿ] Mhty] dkxt]
ydM+h] dwjk] dpjk] balqys'ku] diMk] QuhZpj bR;kfnA ,;j eryc ok;q
t¨ dh gj txg miyO/k gSA vkSj tc dgh ls d¨Ã ghV o~ fpaxkjh fey
tkrh gS r¨ ;g vkx dk :i ys ldrh gSA vkx ds yxus ls pednkj
ykbV] ghV o~ /kqvka fudyrk gSA
vkx fdrus çdkj dh g¨rh gS
vkx pkj çdkj dh g¨rh gSA Dykl ,] Dykl ch] Dykl lh] Dykl Mh
dh Qk;j- Dykl ds fglkc ls D;k D;k phtä dh Qk;j fdlesa vkrh gS]
og bl çdkj gSA
D~ykl , dh Qk;j :
ydM+h] dkxt+] jcj] IykfLVd] ?kkl] Qwl] diM+k xÙkk bR;fn dh vkx d¨ Dykl , dh Qk;j ekuk tkrk gSA
D~ykl ch dh Qk;j :
Toyu'khy æO;ä esa yxh vkx Dykl ch dh Qk;j dgykrh gSA tSls Mhty] isVªÿ bR;kfn dh vkxA
Dykl lh dh Qk;j :
Toyu'khy xSl esa yxh vkx Dykl lh dh Qk;j dgykrh gSA tSls ,y ih th] Mh , xSl] bR;kfn dh Qk;jA
d~ykl Mh dh Qk;j :
Dykl Mh dh Qk;j esa esVy dh Qk;j vkrh gSA tSls esxuhfl;e] l¨fM;e] ftad dh Qk;jA
vkx dh j¨dFkke o~ cpko
dk;ZLFky ij mfpr gkml dhfiax dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsaA rsy ls fyls d‚Vu osLV d¨ MLV fcu esa Mkysa]
b/kj m/kj ugha QsadsA
Toyu'khy æO;ä d¨ vf/kÑr LFkkuä is LV¨j djsaA dk;ZLFky is /kqeziku u djsaA
g‚V odZ djrs le;] mfpr lko/kkuh cjrsaA tyus okyh oLrq,a] o~ æO;ä d¨ nwj gVk nsaA ÅapkÃ ij g‚V odZ
ds le;] osfYMax CysadsV o~ th vkÃ 'khV dk bLrseky djsaA
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48
fctyh dh ok;fjax] fLop bR;kfn esa ywt dusDlu ugha gük pkfg;saA budh fQVusl d¨ Hkh chp chp esa psd
djrs jgsaA fctyh dh ok;fjax o~ fQfVaXl d¨ vksoj y¨M u djsaA
xSl flfyaMj bR;kfn d¨ vf/kÑr txgä ij LV¨j djsaA
dk;ZLFky ij vksiu Qk;j u tyk,aA vxj t#jr iM+rh gS r¨ ijfeV ysdj dke djsaA
g‚V odZ djrs le; Qk;j flfyaMj o~ ikuh dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djsaA
Qk;j çü ,fj;k esa] Qk;j gkbMªsaV] okVj Lfçadyj] Le¨d fMVsDVj bR;kfn
yxs güs pkfg;saA
dk;ZLFky ij txg txg ij Qk;j i‚baV güs pkfg;saA vkSj lHkh d¨ de
ls de Qk;j flfyaMj pykus dh fof/k irk güh pkfg;saA ftlls dh t#jr
iM+us is pyk ldsaA
Qk;j i‚baV ds jkLrä d¨ Cykd ugha djuk pkfg;saA
fctyh dh Qk;j is ikuh dk mi;¨x o~ ikuh okys Qk;j flfyaMj dk mi;¨x ugha djuk pkfg;saA blls djaV
yxus dk [krjk jgrk gSA fctyh dh Qk;j d¨ cq>krs le;] igys i‚oj d¨ fLop vkWQ djsaA
Toyu'khy æO;ä dh vkx cq>krs le;] Që Vkbi Qk;j flfyaMj dk mi;¨x djsaA
vkx cq>krs le;] Qk;j flfyaMj ls fudyh tsV d¨ vkx dh tM+ is ekjsa r¨
vkx tYnh cq>rh gSA ,slk djrs le; Lo;a d¨ lqjf{kr j[ksaA vkSj vkx dh
yiVä dh fn'kk esa u [kM+s gäA
fdlh Mªe bR;kfn esa vkx yxh g¨ r¨ Mªe d¨ fdlh pht ls <d n¨ r¨ vkx
tYnh cq> tkrh gSA
vkx cq>krs le;] vxj laHko g¨ r¨ ckdh ds lkeku d¨ gVk lds r¨ vyx
dj nsA ftlds dh vkx vkSj cM+h ugha g¨xhA
vxj vki dgh fdlh vkx d¨ ns[krs gS r¨ rqjar vkikrdkyhu uacj is lwpuk ns vkSj g¨ lds r¨ utnhdh
Qk;j flfyaMj ls vkx d¨ cq>kus dk ç;kl djsaA
Qk;j VsaMj ds vkus tkus okys jkLrä d¨ Cykd u djsaA vkSj jkgr o~ cpko dehZ ny d¨ t#jr iM+us ij
lgk;rk djsaA
fcfYMax o~ can txgä esa Qk;j QkbfVax ds le; /kq,a dh otg ls ne ?kqVus ls cM+h cM+h nq?kZVuk;s g¨ tkrh
gSA vr% vius d¨ iw.kZ :i ls lqjf{kr j[krs gq, vkx cq>kus dk dke djsaA ,slh txgä is czhfFkax midj.k dk
mi;¨x fd;k tkrk gSA
vxj vki vkx ds /kq,a esa fdlh ¶y¨j o~ fcfYMax esa Ql tkrs gS r¨ Mªki o~ jÿ Vsdfud dk bLrseky djrs
gq, ckgj vk;saA
Qk;j ds le; fy¶V dk bLrseky u djsaA
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49
odZ ijfeV flLVe
odZ ijfeV fyf[kr :i ls çekf.kr nLrkost g¨rk gS] ftls d¨Ã Hkh :Vhu o~ u‚u :Vhu dke pkyw djus ls
igys fy;k tkrk gSA odZ ijfeV fuEufyf[kr ckrä d¨ Li"V :i ls crkrk o~ lqfuf'pr djrk gSA
General Work Permit

( Hot & Cold )
Housekeepi-
Conned
Height Excavation Electrical ng / Material Lifting
Space
Permit Permit Permit Lowering Permit
Permit
Permit
D;k dke djuk gS

dke dh vof/k D;k gS
dke d©u djok jgk gS
dke d¨ d©u dj jgk gS
dke esa d©u d©u ls ÅtkZ J¨rä dk y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djuk gS
dke d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls djus ds fy, d©u lk ,l MCY;w ih dk ikyu djuk gS
tujy ijfeV ds lkFk d©u ls Lis'ky ijfeV o~ psdfyLV ykxw gS
dke d¨ lqjf{kr <ax ls djus ds fy, D;k D;k daMh'ku fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gS
dke ds n©jku D;k lko/kkfu;ka crZuh gSA D;k D;k ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djuk gSA
dke dk d©u lgk;d ijfeVh gS
dkj[kkuä esa fcuk ijfeV ds dke djus ls nq?kZVuk,a g¨ tkrh gSA r¨ ge lc d¨ odZ ijfeV flLVe ls tqMh
ckrä d¨ tkuuk pkfg, rFkk mudk ikyu djuk pkfg,A r¨ vkb;s tkurs gS dh ;g lc ckrs D;k gSA
lHkh :Vhu o~ u‚u :Vhu dke t¨ daiuh ds ifjlj esa güs g¨] laHkork [krjukd g¨ ldrs g¨] muds fy,
ijfeV ysuk vko';d gSA vc pkgs o¨ dke daiuh ds deZpkjh dj jgs g¨ ;k d‚UVªSDV deZpkjh vFkok fdlh
FkMZ ikVhZ ds ek/;e ls g¨ jgs gÄ
vxj fdlh :Vhu dke d¨ ijfeV ds fo"k;&{ks= ls ckgj j[kuk gS r¨ mls mfpr ,l vks ih] ;k ,l MCyw ih
ds lkFk ;wfuV visDl desVh ls vuqe¨fnr gük pkfg,A ugha r¨ ,sls dkeä ds fy, ijfeV vko';d gSA
ijfeV flLVe esa bfu'kh,sVj ¼ vkjaHkdrkZ ½ vf/kÑr r©j ij lkekU;r;k dEiuh ds deZpkjh g¨rs gSA ftld¨
dke djuk g¨rk gS o¨ ml dke ds fy, ijfeV ysrk gSA rFkk mldh ftEesnkjh g¨rh gS dh ijfeV d¨ lgh
Hkjuk rFkk lHkh t#jh nLrkost t¨M+uk rFkk dke ds n©jku lqfuf'pr djuk dh lHkh fu;e t¨ ijfeV esa fn;s
x;s gS o¨ o¨ ikyu fd;s tk jgs gS dh ughaA
ijfeV flLVe esa dLV¨fM;u ¼ laj{kd ½ vf/kÑr r©j ij lkekU;r;k ftl ,fj;k esa dke gS] ml ,fj;k dk
ç¨lsl bapktZ g¨rk gSA dLV¨fM;u dh ftEesnkjh g¨rh gS dh bfu'kh,sVj }kjk fy[kh tkudkjh d¨ Ø‚l psd
djuk rFkk vxj lc lgh g¨ r¨ ijfeV d¨ vkxs b'kwvj dh vksj ckdh dh vkSipkfjdrk ds fy, c<krk gSA
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ijfeV flLVe esa b'kwvj ¼tkjhdrkZ½ vf/kÑr r©j ij lkekU;r;k ç¨lsl bapktZ dk lgdehZ g¨rk gSA t¨ ijfeV ls lEcaf/kr lHkh
vkblÿs'ku lqfuf'pr djrk gS rFkk vU; çko/kkuä o~ nLrkostä d¨ Ø‚l psd djrs gq, dke d¨ pkyw djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
ijfeV flLVe esa vkblÿsVj ¼vyxkus okyk½ vf/kÑr r©j ij lkekU;r;k ÅtkZ J¨rä d¨ vkblÿs'ku djus dk dke djrs gSA
rFkk y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV ds ckn ijfeV esa lacaf/kr txg is gLrk{kj djrs gS dh ftl pht dk vkblÿs'ku ek¡xk x;k gS]
vkSj o¨ g¨ x;k gSA
d¨&ijfeVh lkekU;r;k daiuh ds ;k dkaVªsDVj ds deZpkjh g¨rs gS rFkk dke d¨ okLro esa djrs gSaA ftudh ftEesnkjh g¨rh
gS dh ijfeV esa fy[kh o~ bfu'kh,sVj ¼ vkjaHkdrkZ ½ }kjk dke ds laoa/k esa crkÃ x;h lqj{kk lko/kkfu;ä d¨ dke n©jku ikyu
djukA o~ lqfuf'pr djuk dh ijfeV ls tqM+s vU; lgdehZ Hkh mu lc ckrä dk ikyu djsA
eq[; :i ls ,d tujy ijfeV g¨rk gS] ftldh n¨ dsVsxjh g¨rh gS] ,d g‚V odZ vkSj nwljk dŸM odZA fdlh Hkh dke ds
fy, tujy odZ ijfeV ysuk vko';d g¨rk gS rFkk dke fdl çdkj dk gS] mlds fglkc ls Lis'ky ijfeV tujy ijfeV ds
lkFk t¨M+s tkrs gSA tSls gkbV ijfeV] dUQkbaM Lisl ijfeV] fyf¶VaxA yösfjax ijfeV] Ldk¶QŸM psdfyLV] ,DLdos'ku ijfeV]
bysfDVªdy ijfeV] fØfVdy g‚V odZ psdfyLVA vxj Lis'ky ijfeV dke dh çdfr ds fglkc ls ykxw gS r¨ muds fouk tujy
ijfeV ekU; ugha g¨rk gSA vkSj dLV¨fM;u d¨ ,sls v/kwjs ijfeV d¨ vkxs ugha c<+kuk pkfg,A
tc Hkh d¨Ã dke 1-8 ehVj ÅapkÃ is ;k mlls Åij g¨] vkSj ogka tgk¡ LFkk;h ç¨VsD'ku dh O;oLFkk u g¨ ,oa fxjus dk [krjk
gÄ r¨ ,slh txg dke ds fy, gkbV odZ dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg;sA rFkk blds lkFk LdkQŸM psdfyLV o~ VSx flLVe
lqfuf'pr djsaA
tc Hkh d¨Ã [kqnkÃ dk dke djuk g¨ r¨ ,DLdos'ku dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg,A rFkk blds lkFk [kqnkÃ dk Iyku o~ jsLD;w
Iyku yxk;saA
tc Hkh d¨Ã bysfDVªdy esaVsusal dk dke g¨ r¨ bysfDVªdy dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg,A
tc Hkh d¨Ã dke dUQkbaM Lisl esa g¨ r¨ dUQkbaM Lisl dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg,A rFkk mlds lkFk xSl VsLV] jsLD;w
Iyku] ,aVªh ,fXtV jftLVj bR;kfn yxk;saA
tc Hkh fyf¶VaxA yösfjax dk dke g¨ r¨ fyf¶VaxA yösfjax dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg,A rFkk blds lkFk fØfVdy fy¶V
Iyku vxj ykxw gS r¨ yxk;sa A
tc d¨Ã fØfVdy g‚V odZ dk dke g¨] r¨ fØfVdy g‚V odZ dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg,A tSls ¶;wy LV¨j ,fj;k esa dke
djuk] fdlh xSl flfyaMj LV¨j ,fj;k esa dke djuk bR;kfn]
tc d¨Ã LdkQ¨fYMax dk dke g¨ r¨ LdkQ¨fYMax dk Lis'ky ijfeV ysuk pkfg,A
tujy ijfeV esa lgh rjhds ls bafxr djs dh dke g‚V odZ ;k dŸM odZ çÑfr dk gSA tujy ijfeV esa nh xÃ psdfyLV
d¨ lgh ls i<+s o~ HkjsA
tujy odZ ijfeV esa] dke ds fglkc ls lgh r©j is lHkh laHkkfor ÅtkZ J¨rä d¨ fyLV vkmV djs ftudk vkblÿs'ku
djokuk gSA ÅtkZ J¨rä ds uke o~ uacj lgh vkSj Li"V r©j is fy[ksA dHkh dHkh lgh u fy[kus dh otg ls nwljh gh Mªkbo o~
ÅtkZ J¨r vkblÿsV g¨ tkrk gS vkSj nq?kZVuk g¨ tkrh gSA dke pkyw djus ds igys VªkÃ vkmV LVsi t#j djsA ftlls dh
d¨Ã ,slh xyrh gqÃ r¨ mldk irk py tk,A
vxj dke ds n©jku fdlh Mªkbo d¨ vLFkk;h r©j is pyokuk gS r¨ blds fy, bfu'kh,sVj ¼ vkjaHkdrkZ½ d¨ , oh Ã Hkjdj
b'kwvj ¼ tkjhdrkZ ½ ls fo'ks"k vuqefr ysuh iM+sxhA Mªkbo d¨ iqu% mftZr djus ls igys lHkh vkneh o~ eVsfj;y ogka ls gVk nsaA
tujy ijfeV d¨ gj fnu dke pkyw güs ls igys fjU;w djok,aA f'k¶V Vkbi dk dke gS r¨ gj f'k¶V esa ijfeV fjU;w djok,aA
dke [kRe güs ds ckn dke dh txg dh gkml dhfiax djsA lHkh vkneh o~ eVsfj;y ogka ls gVk nsA vkSj ckn esa tujy
ijfeV d¨ ljsaMj djsaA
ijfeV dh esu igyh d‚ih dk;ZLFky ij vPNh rjg fdlh IykfLVd QŸMj esa j[ksaA rFkk nwljh d‚ih b'kwvj ¼ tkjhdrkZ½ ds
ikl jgsxhA
dke pkgs Fk¨M+h nsj dk g¨ ;k T;knk nsj dk g¨] fcuk oS/; ijfeV ds uk djsA 'kkVZ dV cgqr [krjukd g¨rs gSA
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eSU;qvy eVsfj;y gSaMfyax esa lqj{kk ds fu;e
Hkkjh lkeku mBkrs le; lko/kkuh cjrsA blls dej esa >Vdk vk ldrk gSA
Hkkjh lkeku mBkrs le;] viuh ihB d¨ lh/kk j[ksa] Hkkj ds utnhd jgrs gq;s
lko/kkuh ls fy¶V djsaA ,slk djus esa maxfy;k ncus dk [krjk jgrk gS vr%
Mk;jsDV Hkkj ds uhps maxfy;k o~ gkFk u MkysaA
Hkkj mBkus ls igys lqfuf'pr djs] dh fdruk Hkkj gS] dgk¡ ys tkuk gS] jkLrk
dSlk gS] d¨Ã uqdhyk Hkkx r¨ ugha gS] Hkkj vdsys mBk ldrs gS dh ugha] Hkkj dh
Hk©frd o~ jklk;fud fLFkfr D;k gS] æO; gS ;k l‚fyM gS] bu lc ckrä dh tkap
ij[k djds gh Hkkj d¨ mBk;saA
tc Hkkj d¨ xzqi esa mBk jgs gS] rc vkil esa leUo; j[ksaA ugha r¨ Hkkj ds fxjus
o~ j[krs le; maxfy;k ncus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
vxj Hkkj d¨Ã dsfedy gS r¨ bldh ,Ek ,l Mh ,l esa

fy[kh ckrä d¨ /;ku esa j[krs gq,] lko/kkuh cjrsA
eVsfj;y gSaMfyax djrs le; nLrkus o~ vU; t#jh

ih ih Ã igusaA
ikbi o~ lfj;k gSaMfyax ds le; bldk vxyk Hkkx Fk¨Mk Åij jguk
pkfg,] ftlls og gSaMfyax ds le; fdlh ls xyrh ls Vdjk,¡ ughaA
flfyaMj gSaMfyax ds fy, lkekU;r;k Vªkyh dk bLrseky djsaA
Hkkjh lkeku b/kj m/kj ys tkus ds fy, Vªkyh dk bLrseky djsaA
che bR;kfn d¨ b/kj m/kj ljdkrs le;] che DySaiA fxzi dk bLrseky djsaA
eVsfj;y gSaMfyax ds le; ¶y¨j ij iM+s fdlh lkeku ls lko/kku jgsaA
buls Vdjk ds vki fxj ldrs gS ;k fQly ldrs gSA
ÅapkÃ ls eVsfj;y f'kf¶Vax djrs le;] lkeku d¨ ÅapkÃ ls uk QsadsA
lh<+h p<+rs mrjrs le; gSUMªsy dk mi;¨x djsaA
ywt eVsfj;y ¶y¨j ds fdukjä is uk j[ksaA ;gk¡ ls lkeku fxjus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
lkeku f'kf¶Vax ds le; ¶y¨j ij iM+h dscy] g¨t ikbi bR;kfn ls lko/kku jgsaA
lkeku f'kf¶Vax ds le;] ¶y¨j ij iM+s vk;y xzhl ls lko/kku jgsaA ugha r¨ vki
fQly ldrs gSA
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52
esdsukbTM eVsfj;y gSaMfyax esa lqj{kk ds fu;e
ge y¨x esdsukbTM eVsfj;y gSaMfyax dk dke dÃ fof/k;ä o~ fofHkUu e'khu@ midj.kä dk mi;¨x djds
djrs gSA buds dqN mnkgj.k bl çdkj gSA
su Cykd ls Hkkj p<+kuk o~ mrkjuk

p
foUp e'khu ls Hkkj p<+kuk o~ mrkjuk
bysfDVªdy eü¨ jsy o~ Ã vks Vh Øsu
gqd pqd o~ eSDl iqyj ls Hkkj f'kf¶Vax djuk
Vkoj Øsu ds fyf¶Vax djuk
fcYMj g¨bLV ls fy¶fVax o~ f'k¶fVax djuk
jï iqYyh dh enn ls fy¶fVax f'k¶fVax djuk
vkb, buls tqMh lqj{kk dh ckrä ds ckjs esa tkusA
psu Cykd ls eVsfj;y gSaMfyax djrs le; lqj{kk fu;e

dHkh Hkh VsLVsM psu Cykd dk mi;¨x djsaA
su Cykd dh psu esa d¨Ã xk¡B ugha güh pkfg,A
p
su Cykd dh psu esa dHkh Hkh d¨Ã osfYMax bR;kfn uk djsaA
p
su Cykd d¨ nh {kerk ls T;knk dHkh Hkh vksoj y¨M uk djsaA
p
su Cykd ds gqd esa gqd ySp gük pkfg,A
p
su Cykd vPNh daMhlu esa gük pkfg,A
p
su Cykd dh lajpuk esa d¨Ã Hkh psat uk djsaA
p
su Cykd d¨ fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ls cka/ks t¨ dh mBkus ckys y¨M d¨ ys ldsA
p
su Cykd ds lkFk mi;¨x dh tkus ckyh fLyax] Mh 'kSdy VsLVsM güh pkfg,A
p
su Cykd ls y¨M dh Vsij iqfYyax u djsaA blls psu Cykd ij cgqr T;knk y¨M vkrk gSA
p
su Cykd esa psu ds QkYl d¨ de u djsaA blls psu Cykd dh {kerk de g¨ tkrh gSA
p
¨M d¨ psu Cykd ls vPNh rjg cka/ksA
y
Vds Hkkj ds uhps dHkh Hkh uk [kM+s gäA
y
su Cykd ds y‚d fiu] fifu;u bR;kfn vPNs daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
p
Hkkj d¨ xkbM djus ds fy,] Hkkj esa jLlh ck/ksaA
fyf¶Vax ckyh txg d¨ csfjdsM djsaA
foUp e'khu ls eVsfj;y gSaMfyax djrs le; lqj{kk fu;e
foUp e'khu VsLVsM güh pkfg,A dHkh foUp e'khu o~ vU; fyf¶Vax fx;lZ d¨ vksoj y¨M uk djsaA
foUp e'khu d¨ fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ls ck/ksa] o~ y‚d djsaA ;g bruk etcwr g¨ dh y¨M ys ldsA
foUp e'khu dh jï vPNh daMhlu esa güh pkfg,A jï esa vukf/kÑr xk¡B ugha güh pkfg,A
jï ds vafre fljs d¨ Mªe ls vPNh rjg ls y‚d djsaA
iwjk jï [kqyus ds ckn Hkh Mªe ds Åij yxHkx] Mªe dh vk/kh p©M+kÃ esa jï fyiVk gqvk jguk pkfg,A
iqYyh d¨ fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ls vPNh rjg cka/ksA
kbo'kZ+u iqyh d¨ lgh ,axy is yxk;sa] dh iqyh is T;knk y¨M u vk;saA
M
fyf¶Vax ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM djsaA yVds Hkkj ds uhps uk [kM+s gÄ
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foUp e'khu esa czsfdax flLVe vPNh daMhlu esa gük pkfg,a ydM+h dh
ost Hkh e'khu ds ikl j[kuk pkfg, A
bysfDVªdy dusDlu] dscy t‚baV] vkWijsfVax fLop] vfFkZax] bR;kfn
vPNh daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
osfYMax dscy foUp ds jï ls vksoj ySi ugha gük pkfg,A
j¨VsfVax ikVZ~l dh xkfMZax güh pkfg,A
vkijsVj o~ flXuy esu ds chp rkyesy gük pkfg,A
bysfDVªdy eü¨ jsy o~ Ã vks Vh Øsu ds lqj{kk fu;e
Vkoj Øsu ds lqj{kk fu;e

Vkoj Øsu d¨ leku lery l‚fyM txg ij yxk;sa A
Vkoj Iyac esa bjsDV djsaA
Vkoj Øsu esa lHkh fyfeV fLop vPNs daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
Vkoj Øsu VsLVsM güh pkfg,A
lHkh fyf¶Vax fx;j VsLVsM güs pkfg,A
Vkoj Øsu ds vkWijsfVax fLop bR;kfn vPNs daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
Vkoj Øsu dh ftc o~ vU; esEcj vPNh daMhlu esa gäA
flQZ çf'kf{kr vkWijsVj gh Vkoj Øsu d¨ pyk;saA
fLoax ,fj;k esa yVds Hkkj ds uhps d¨Ã ugha jguk pkfg,A
Vkoj Øsu dh ftc fdlh vU; LVªDpj bR;kfn ls fLoax djrs le; ugha Vdjkuh pkfg,A
eVsfj;y fyf¶Vax cdsV dk gqd psd djrs jgsA dHkh dHkh gqd ØSd güs ls eVsfj;y fxj ldrk gSA
fyf¶Vax djrs le;] Vkoj Øsu d¨ csl VªSd is y‚d dj nsaA
Vkoj Øsu dh lajpuk esa d¨Ã ifjorZu uk djsaA
Vkoj Øsu o~ fyf¶Vax fx;lZ d¨ vksoj y¨M uk djsaA
fcYMj g¨bLV ds lqj{kk fu;e

flQZ VsLVsM fcYMj g¨bLV dk mi;¨x djsaA
fcYMj g¨bLV dh jï vPNh daMhlu esa güh pkfg,
jï ds vafre fljs d¨ Mªe ls vPNh rjg ls y‚d djsaA
iwjk jï [kqyus ds ckn Hkh Mªe ds Åij yxHkx] Mªe dh vk/kh p©M+kÃ esa jï fyiVk gqvk jguk pkfg,A
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foUp e'khu esa czsfdax flLVe vPNh daMhlu esa gük pkfg,A ydM+h dh ost Hkh e'khu ds ikl j[kuk pkfg,A
bysfDVªdy dusDlu] dscy t‚baV] vkWijsfVax fLop] vfFkZax] bR;kfn vPNh daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
osfYMax dscy foUp ds jï ls vksoj ySi ugha gük pkfg,
ekLV d¨ IyEc esa gük pkfg,A
fjlhfoax IysVQkeZ vPNs ls cuk gük pkfg, rFkk mles V¨ xkMZ o~ gsaM jsy güh pkfg,A
cdsV dk y‚fdax flLVe vPNk gük pkfg,A
ekLV esa uhps lQkÃ djrs le;] y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djsaA o~ cdsV d¨ Åij djds pSusy MkysaA
e'khu ds vkWijsfVax fLop o~ yhoj vPNh daMhlu esa güs pkfg,A
e'khu d¨ flQZ çf'kf{kr vkneh gh pykuk pkfg, A
jÏk o~ iqYyh ls eVsfj;y gSaMfyax
jï o~ dqIih ls Hkkj mBkrs le; lqfuf'pr djsa dh jï dh {kerk y¨M ysus ds yk;d gS dh ugha
jï o~ iqYyh dh daMhlu vPNh güh pkfg,A
iqYyh d¨ fdlh etcwr vk/kkj ls cka/ksA rFkk iqYyh fQDl djrs le;] ÅapkÃ ij ds lqj{kk fu;eä dk ikyu
djsaA
Hkkj d¨ IysVQkeZ ij fjlho djrs le;] Å¡pkÃ ds lqj{kk fu;eä dk ikyu djsaA jsfyax is p<+ds vlqjf{kr
rjhds ls eky d¨ uk [khapsA
fyf¶Vax ,fj;k d¨ csfjdsM djsaA yVds Hkkj ds uhps uk [kM+s gäA
iqYyh VsLVsM güh pkfg,A
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?kjksa esa lqj{kk ds fu;e
bysfDVªdy midj.kä esa Iyx V‚i gük pkfg,A uaxs rkj l‚dsV esa uk yxk;saA
xSl LVö ds g¨t dusDlu vPNs jgsa ftlls dh xSl yhd g¨dj vkx u yxsA
ÅapkÃ ij lkeku j[kus o~ mrkjus ds fy, dqlhZ dk IysVQkeZ ds tSls mi;¨x uk djsaA
?kjä esa xhys ¶y¨j ls lko/kku jgsaA vxj ikuh bR;kfn Q+Sy tkrk gS r¨ mls rqjar Dyhu dj nsaA
Hkkjh lkeku d¨ lko/kkuh ls mBk;saA vxj t#jr iM+s r¨ fdlh vU; dh enn ysaA
?kjä esa ok;fjax o~ dscy vPNh daMhlu esa güh pkfg,A ugha r¨ 'k¨VZ lfdZV ls
fdlh d¨ djaV o~ vkx yx ldrh gSA
?kjä esa Ã ,y lh ch ds ek/;e ls bysfDVªdy dusDlu güs pkfg, A
bysfDVªd çsl d¨ lko/kkuh ls bLrseky djsaA vkSj pkyw çsl d¨ csM ij uk N¨M+saA
Hkkjh lkeku d¨ vyekjh o~ jsd ds fupys Hkkxä esa j[ksaA
bysfDVªdy ok;fjax o~ fctyh ds c¨MZ~l d¨ N¨Vs cPpä dh igq¡p ls nwj j[ksaA
?kj esa vxj d¨Ã dsfedy o~ vU; Toyu'khy inkFkZ gS r¨ mUgsa N¨Vs cPpä dh
igq¡p ls nwj j[ksaA
?kj esa lkQ+ lQkÃ j[ksa] MLV fcu d¨ Msyh Dyhu djsaA
?kj esa uqdhys fljs ckyh phtä dh lkQ+ lQkÃ ds n©jku lko/kkuh cjrsA
?kjä esa cSd;kMZ] y‚u dh lkQ+ lQkÃ j[ksaA
?kjä esa N¨Vs cPps dHkh dHkh njckts vUnj ls can dj ysrs gS] r¨ blds fy, lko/kkuh cjrsA
vxj [kkuk idkrs le;] ÝkÃ iSu esa vkx yx tkrh gS] r¨ ikuh ls uk cq>k;saA bls dh Fkkyh o~ vU; p©M+h
pht ls <d nsaA
vkx [kqn esa [kqn cq> tk,¡xhA
?kjä esa U;wure QLVZ & ,sM ds lkeku j[ksaA
?kjä eas vkikrdkyhu ucalZ dh tkudkjh güh pkfg,A fdlh bejtl as h güs ij fdls vkjS fdl ucaj is Q¨+u djAas
cPpä d¨ ud q hys f[ky©us o~ oLr,qa [ky
s us ds fy, ugha nAs cgrq N¨Vs cPpä d¨ d‚bu] dp a as [ky
s us ds fy, ugha nAas
lfnZvksa esa ghVj d¨ pykdj] can dejä uk lks;sA
itw k vkjrh djrs le;] fn;s o~ vxjoÙkh ls lko/kkuh j[kAas dHkh dHkh efgykvkas dh lkMh eas vkx yx tkrh gAS
?kjä esa esfMlhu dh ,Dlik;jh MsV psd djsaA
ckFk:e esa fpdus ¶y¨j ls lko/kku jgsaA
N¨Vs cPpä d¨ lM+d ij vdsyk u N¨M+saA
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e'khu 'kkWi lsQVh
ysFk e'khu vkWijs'ku
ysFk e'khu ij dq'ky dkexkj gh dke djsaA vkSj fo'ks"k lko/kkuh cjrsaA
ysFk e'khu ij dke djrs le; <hys <kys oL= u igusaA
ysFk e'khu ij dke djrs le; lqj{kk p'ek igusaA
e'khu can djus ds ckn /kqeus okys t‚c d¨ gkFk ls j¨dus dh d¨f'k'k u djsaA
pkyw e'khu ij t‚c ij ,ejh isij ekjrs le; fo'ks"k lko/kkuh ojrsA
t‚c ds c¨j esa gkFk o~ maxyh Mky ds ,ejh isij uk ekjsaA yM+dh dh fLVd dk bLrseky djsaA
pd] Qsl IysV cnyh djrs le;] e'khu dk esu fLop can djsaA
e'khu ij iM+s esVy fpIl d¨ lkQ+ djrs le;] cz'k o~ gsaM XyCl dk bLrseky djsaA
e'khu ij gSoh t‚c yxkrs le;] Ã vks Vh Øsu bR;kfn dk bLrseky djsaA
isyesV ij jcj eSV Mkfy,A vkSj fctyh ds [krjä ls cfp,A
xzkbafMax vVSpesaV] o~ esVy ikmMj Lçs djrs le; mfpr lko/kkuh ojrsaA
e'khu pkyw djus ls igys] mldh vkj ih ,e yhoj lsfVax psd dj ysaA
vko';drk iM+us ij gh xSi csM d¨ fudkysaA
jfuax t‚c ij QkÃfyax er dhft;sA
t‚c e'khu ij yxus ds ckn] t‚c e'khu ij vPNs ls VkbV gqvk gS fd ugha] mls psd djsaA
rFkk lsaVj li¨VZ cjkcj gS dh ugha d¨ Hkh psd dj ysaA
fMªfyax e'khu vkWijs'ku
fMªfyax e'khu ij dke djrs le; lqj{kk ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsaA
?kqeus okys fMªy ds lkFk laidZ esa vkus ls nq?kZVuk g¨ tkrh gSA
fMªfyax e'khu ij dke djrs le;] ls¶Vh x‚xYl t#j igusaA
t‚c d¨ vPNh rjg ls DySEi djsaA
fMªfyax ds le; nLrkus igu dj fMªy fcV ds ikl gkFk ys
tkuk [krjukd g¨ ldrk gSA
fMªfyax ds le; fpIl d¨ cz'k ls gh lkQ+ djsaA
fMªfyax g¨rs le; gkFkä ls dwySaV d¨ u MkysaA
jsfM;y fMªy e'khu d¨ pkyw djus ls igys e'khu vkeZ d¨ vPNs ls y‚d dhft;sA
c¨fjax ckj ls fQfuf'kax psd djrs le;] e'khu d¨ can dhft;sA
<hys diMs] dM+k] yEcs cky bR;kfn fMªfyax is dke djrs le; [krjukd g¨ ldrs gSA
'ksfiax e'khu vkWijs'ku
t‚c d¨ vPNh rjg ls DySai djuk pkfg,A
e'khu pkyw djus ls igys] t‚c] Vwy] Vwy Mªkbo ysaFk] bR;kfn dk vPNh rjg ls lsfVax dj ysaA
ih ih Ã dk dke djrs le; bLrseky djsaA
t‚c Vscy ij vksoj gSax O vksoj y¨M u djsaA
fefyax e'khu vkWijs'ku
t‚c d¨ vPNh rjg ls DySEi dhft;s
dVj yxkrs le;] ;g vPNs rjhds ls y‚d gqvk dh ugha] bldh tkap dj ysaA
fpIl fudkyus ds fy, cz'k dk mi;¨x dhft;sA
dVj d¨ T;knk T;knk xgjk dV ysdj vksoj y¨M uk djsaA
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ekbal lsQVh ds fu;e
y¨fMax rFkk ifjogu çfØ;k ds n©jku lko/kkuh
,LdosVj vkWijs'ku ds le; d¨Ã Hkh O;fDr blds fLoax
,fj;k esa uk jgsA
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dk ,LdosVj dh cdsV esa oSBdj lokjh
djuk çfrcaf/kr gSA
,LdosVj dk d¨Ã Hkh Hkkx fctyh dh vksoj gsM ykbu ds
nk;js esa ugha jguk pkfg,A
,LdosVj d¨ de ls de 10 ehVj nwj Qsl ls lery tehu ij j[kuk pkfg,A
ke djrs le; n¨ ,LdosVj ds chp dh nwjh de ls de 40 ehVj güh pkfg,A
d
,LdosVj d¨ mrkjh ij pykrs le; mfpr lko/kkuh cjrsaA
,LdosVj d¨ lery tehu ij pyk;saA
,LdosVj dh cdsV y¨M g¨ jgs MEij ds dsfcu ds Åij ls ugha ?kqekuk pkfg;saA
,LdosVj d¨ d¨Ã vukf/kÑr O;fDr ugha pykuk pkfg;saA
Hkh Hkh pkyw Qsl ls de ls de ५ ehVj dh nwjh ij jguk pkfg,A
d
fMªfyax ds le; lko/kkuh

fMªy vkWijsVj vkSj gsYij d¨ ,l vks ih o~ d¨M vkWQ daMDV ds eqrkfcd
dke djuk pkfg;saA
fMªy e'khu d¨ d¨Ã vukf/kÑr O;fDr ugha pykuk pkfg;saA
kiWjVsj d¨ fMy
v ª d¨ Ql s ls 90 fMxhz ds d¨.k eas yxkdj gh pykuk pkfg,A
fMªy gÿ dk iSVuZ Q¨jeSu }kjk gh fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
CykLVj }kjk psd djus ds ckn gh CykfLVax gq;s ,fj;k esa fMªfyax pkyw
djuk pkfg,A
fel Qk;j gq;s gÿ esa fMªfyax pkyw uk djsaA
,d le; esa ,d gh iSVuZ esa ,dlkFk fMªfyax vkSj pkftZax ugha djuh pkfg,A
,d ,fj;k ls nwljs ,fj;k esa fMªy d¨ f'k¶V djrs le; ekLV uhps gük pkfg,A
foLQ¨Vd inkFkZ ds ifjogu le; lko/kkuh
foLQ¨Vd inkFkZ dk ifjogu eSxthu ls ysdj CykfLVax lkÃV rd fnu ds mtkys esa gh djsaA
,d le; esa ,d ,DlIy¨flo oSu esa 200 ls vf/kd MsVüsVj uk ys tk,¡A
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dk ,DlIy¨flo oSu esa ihNs oSBdj lokjh djuk çfroaf/kr gSA
,DlIy¨flo oSu esa de ls de n¨ vkx cq>kus okys flfyaMj jguk vfuok;Z gSA
,DlIy¨flo oSu esa vfFkZax ç.kkyh gük vfuok;Z gSA
,DlIy¨flo oSu dh xfr lhek 25 fdy¨ ehVj çfr ?kaVk ls vf/kd ugha gük pkfg,A
ck:n ls Hkjk gqvk ,DlIy¨flo oSu esaVsusal ds dke ds fy, xSjst esa [kM+k ugha djuk pkfg,A
CykfLVax lkÃV esa ck:n dh ek=k ftruh t#jr gS mruh gh eSxthu ls ifjogu güh pkfg,A
ck:n Hkjk gqvk ,DlIy¨flo oSu fouk lqj{kk xkMZ ds vdsys N¨M+uk ugha pkfg,A
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MEi dk izca/ku
tgk¡ ij osLV [kfut dk teko fdvk tkrk gS ogka ij mldh <yku dk

d¨.k lery tehu ls 37-5 fMxzh ls de gük pkfg,A
osLV MEi dk d¨.k mldh çkÑfrd d¨.k ls vf/kd ugha j[kk tkuk pkfg,A
osLV MEi dh nwjh fdlh jsyos ;k lkoZtfud lM+d ;k fcfYMax t¨ dh daiuh
ls laoaf/kr ugha gS mlds [kMh ÅapkÃ ds cjkcj güh pkfg,A
osLV MEi ds pkj¨ vksj ,d mfpr Qsaflax dh O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A
gka ij osLV [kfut dk teko djuk pkyw gS ogka ij fdlh Hkh vukf/kÑr O;fDr d¨ vkokxeu djus dh
t
vuqefr ugha gSA
[kku çca/ku osLV MEi dh vfLFkjrk d¨ j¨dus ds fy, mik; djsaxsa tSls MEi dk fu;fer baLisD'ku djuk]
fudklh ikuh fudkyus dh O;oLFkk djuk] çfr/kkj.k nhokj ds j[kj[kko dk baLisD'ku djukA
M¨ftax o~ fjfiax vkWijs'ku ds le; lko/kkuh
M¨tj vkWijsVj d¨ ,l vks ih o~ d¨M vkWQ daMDV ds eqrkfcd dke djuk pkfg;saA
¨tj vkWijsVj us fdlh Hkh vukf/kÑr O;fDr d¨ M¨tj pykus dh vuqefr ugha nsuh pkfg,A
M
fjfiax djrs le; M¨tj d¨ fjij ds V¨ ij [kM+k ugha djsaA
fjfiax djrs le; gkMZ ,fj;k d¨ igys jhi djsaA
fjij d¨ iwjh rjg fVYV güs dh fLFkfr esa uk mBk;saA
¨tj ds CysM d¨ tehu ij /khjs ls j[ksaA
M
<kÃ ij fjolZ djrs le; fjij d¨ Åij mBk;saA
p
¨tj ds CysM d¨ gkMZ ljQsl ij fQlyus u nsaA fQlyus ij fjij dk mi;¨x djsaA
M
j‚d czsdj vkWijs'ku ds le; lko/kkuh

j‚d czsdj vkWijsVj d¨ ,l vks ih o~ d¨M vkWQ daMDV ds eqrkfcd dke djuk pkfg;saA
j‚d czsdj vkWijsVj us fdlh Hkh vukf/kÑr O;Drh d¨ j‚d czsdj pykus dh vuqefr ugha nsuh pkfg,A
f/kd ls vf/kd 30 lsdaM ls T;knk yxkrkj czsdj dk ç;¨x u djsaA
v
V~Vku ;k iRFkj dk 20 lsdaM ds vUnj VwVus dk vxj d¨Ã ladsr ugha feyrk gS] r¨ viuh i¨th'ku cny
p
ysaA
V~Vku ;k iRFkj r¨M+us ls igys Åij dk eVsfj;y gVk nsaA
p
j‚d czsdj d¨ pV~Vku ;k iRFkj r¨M+us ds fy, 90 fMxzh ds d¨.k esa yxk;saA
j‚d czsdj dk mi;¨x fdlh iRFkj ;k lkeku d¨ mBkus ds fy, u djsaA
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vkWfi!l esa lqj{kk ds fu;e
vkWfQl esa ¶y¨j o~ lh<+h fdlh rjg ls voj¨f/kr ugha gük pkfg,A
lh<+h ij ywt eVsfj;y ugha QSyk gük pkfg,A
jkLrä ij dscy o~ ikbi bR;kfn ugha Ø‚l djuk pkfg,A buls Qldj d¨Ã
fxj ldrk gSaA
vkWfQl Vscy ij lkeku tSls Qkby] isij] Vªs bR;kfn O;ofLFkfr <ax ls j[kuk
pkfg,A Vscy ij vf/kd lkeku u j[ksaA
uqdhyh phtä tSls isij dVj bR;kfn ls lko/kkuh ls dke djsaA
vkWfQl Vscy dh Mªk] o~ vyekjh ds njokts [kqys u N¨M+saA ugha r¨ Lo;a o~
vU; d¨Ã lg dehZ buls Vdjkdj fxj ldrk gSA
vkosj gMs lkeku d¨ lko/kkuh ls mrkja s o~ j[kAas ugha r¨ ;g Åij ls fxj ldrk gAS
ÅapkÃ ds dke ds fy, dqlhZ dk IysVQkeZ ds tSls bLrseky uk djsaA
vkWfQl esa daI;wVj] fçaVj] pktZj bR;kfn dh dscy d¨ lgh Mªsflax djds j[ksaA
rFkk uaxsa rkjä d¨ l‚dsV esa uk yxk;saA
lh<+h p<+rs o~ mrjrs le; gsaM jsy dk ç;¨x djsaA vkWfQl esa fdlh ¶y¨j vksifuax d¨ [kqyk uk N¨M+saA ugha
r¨ d¨Ã fxj ldrk gSA
vkWfQl esa tc Dyhfuax py jgh g¨ r¨] xhys ¶y¨j ls lko/kku jgsA ugha r¨ fQlydj vki fxj ldrs gSA
vkWfQl dh iSaVªh esa xSl o~ LVö ds dusDlu lgh <ax ls güs pkfg;saA ugha r¨ xSl yhd g¨dj vkx yx
ldrh gSA
vkWfQl esa fdlh d¨ Qsddj lkeku ikl u djsaA
vkWfQl esa bysfDVªdy dscy dh ok;fjax dh daMhlu o~ dscy t‚baV~l dk /;ku j[ksaA dHkh fdlh 'k¨VZ lfdZV
o~ fpaxkjh ls cM+h vkx yx ldrh gSA vxj dgh d¨Ã vulsQ daMhlu utj vkrh gS r¨ bld¨ lwfpr djsaA
vkWfQl esa vfXu'kked ;U= dgk¡ j[ks gS] dSls mi;¨x djrs gS] vkikrdkyhu Q+ü uaclZ d©u d©u ls gS]
bejtsalh vlsacyh i‚baV~l bR;kfn ds ckjsa esa tkudkjh j[ksaA
vkWfQl esa bejtsalh ,fXtV ds jkLrs dgk¡ gS] bud¨ fpUfgr djsa o~ tkudkjh j[ksaA
vkWfQl esa dke ds fy, mfpr ykbfVax dh O;oLFkk jguh pkfg,A
vkWfQl dh Vscy dqlhZ] o~ daI;wVj dh i¨th'ku vxZü¨feDl æf"V ls fQV güh
pkfg,A blls c‚Mh esa T;knk QVhx ugha vkrk gSA jso¨fYoax dqlhZ is lko/kkuh ls cSBsaA
vkWfQl dh ykbV~l bl rjg dh g¨] dh muls Xys;j u fudys] vkSj vk¡[kä is ped u iM+sA
vkWfQl esa dwjk dpjk MLV fcu esa MkysaA vkWfQl esa Le¨fdax u djsaA
vkWfQl esa vxj d¨Ã Vscy dqlhZ VwVh gqÃ gS] r¨ mUgsa gVk nsaA ugha r¨ d¨Ã fxj ldrk gSA
dqlhZ ij lko/kkuh ls cSBsA
vkWfQl esa i¨VZscy lh<+h dk bLrseky djrs le; bls Åij ck¡/k ds j[ksaA ;k fQj bls d¨Ã nwljk
O;fDr idM+ ds j[kuk pkfg,A
vkWfQl esa ykbV] ia[kk] , lh pyrk N¨M+dj uk tk,¡A
ckfj'k esa Nkrk] jsu d¨V bR;kfn d¨ ,d txg mfpr LFkku is j[ksa] ftlls Lo;a o~ nwljä ds fy, vlqfo/kk
uk iSnk gÄ
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ih ih bZ ( o;fDrd lqj{kk lalk/ku )
ih ih Ã ,d ,slh lqj{kk fMokbl gS t¨ gesa dk;Z ds n©jku o~ dk;ZLFky ij fo/;eku [krjä ls cpkrs gSA
nq?kZVukvksa ds n©jku vkus okyh p¨V d¨ de djrs gSA gesa ih ih Ã dk lgh pquko djds] lgh rjhds ls
bLrseky djuk pkfg;saA ih ih Ã gekjh lqj{kk esa vkf[kjh fMQsUl ykbu ds :i esa dke djrs gSaA bUgsa
buds dke ds fglkc ls dÃ ukeä ls tkuk tkrk gS tSls ls¶Vh gsyesV] ls¶Vh 'kwt] MLV ekLd] bvj Iyx]
ls¶Vh p’ek] xe cwV] jsLihjsVj] ls¶Vh gkuZsl] ,çu] dsfedy lwV] vkdZ ¶+yS'k lwV bR;kfnA
ih ih dk pquko bl çdkj ls djsaA
uacj ih ih bZ dk ,Iyhds’ku fyehVs’ku dgkWa @ dc

uke mik;ksx djuk
1 ls¶Vh gsyesV lj d¨ p¨V ls cpkrk gS] cgqr Hkkjh lkeku lj ij dk;ZLFky ij ges'kk mi;¨x
¼ fxjus okyh phtä] Vdjkus] fxjus ij ;g p¨V d¨ djsa tgk¡ fdlh lkeku ds
;k fdlh æO; ls lj d¨ ugha cpk ikrk fxjus dk [krjk gäA
p¨V ls cpkrk gS ½
2 ls¶Vh 'kwt iSjä d¨ p¨V ls cpkrk gS e¨Vs r©j ij iSj dh dk;ZLFky ij ges'kk mi;¨x
¼LVhy V¨ ds m¡xfy;ä d¨ ç¨VsDV djsa] tgk¡ fdlh Hkkjh lkeku
lkFk½ djrk gS ds iSj ij fxjus dk [krjk
gäA
3 ls¶Vh pLek vk¡[kä d¨ ¶ykbax ikfVZdYl dsfedy LIyS'k esa iw.kZ dk;ZLFky ij ges'kk mi;¨x
ds cpkrk gS] dsfedy LIyS'k :i ls ç¨VsD'ku ugha ns djsa tgk¡ ¶ykbax ikfVZdYl
ls dqN gn rd cpkrk gS ikrk gSA ds güs dh laHkkouk gäA
4 MLV MLV ls QsQM+ä] ukd] xys osij ¼ck"i½ ls ugha cpk bud¨ ogka mi;¨x djuk
ekLd d¨ cpkrk gS irk gS pkfg, tgk¡ MLV fyfeV
ls T;knk gÄ
5 x~yOl gkFk o~ m¡xfy;ä d¨ p¨V o~ [krjä ds fglkc ls vyx dk;ZLFky ij dke ds le;
dsfedy ls cpkrk gS vyx eVsfj;y ds XyOl ges'kk mfpr XyOl dk
mi;¨x djus iM+rs gS mi;¨x djsa
6 bvj Iyx@ dkuä d¨ mPp /ouh dh lgh ls fQV djuk fyfeV ls T;knk u‚bt+
bvj eQ+ fLFkfr esa cpkrk gS iM+rk gS okyh txg ij mi;¨x djsa
7 Qsl Qsl d¨ dsfedy LIyS'k] lgh fQV o~ lhy gük dsfedy gSaMfyax] ¶ykbax
'khYM ¶ykbax ikfVZdYl ls pkfg,A ikmMj o~ MLV ikfVZdYl ds dkeä esa
cpkrh gS esa dke ugha djrh gS x‚xYl ds lkFk mi;¨x djas
8 dsfedy lwV Qsl] gkFk] iSjä d¨ N¨M+dj [krjä ds fglkc ls vyx fdlh dke esa tgk¡ dsfedy
iwjh c‚Mh d¨ dsfedy ls vyx eVsfj;y ds dkaVsDV güs dk [krjk gks
cpkrk gS A dsfedy lwV mi;ksx ogka iguuk pkfg, A
djus iMrs gSA
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9 ,izu c‚Mh ds lkeus ls Hkkx d¨ c‚Mh ds ihNs ds Hkkx [krjukd eVsfj;y gSaMfyax
LIyS'k ls cpkrk gS d¨ ugha ç¨VsDV djrk ds le; tgk¡ LIyS'k dk
[krjk g¨ vkSj fLdu
dkaVsDV güs dh laHkkouk
g¨] ogka mi;¨x djrs gS
10 l~IyS'k x‚xYl vk¡[kä d¨ LIyS'k o~ ¶ykbax d~yhu jguk pkfg,A fdlh dke esa tgk¡ LIyS'k
ikfVZdYl ls cpkrk gS lgh fQfVax dk gük dh laHkkouk g¨ ogka
pkfg, mi;¨x djuk pkfg,
11 osfYMax 'khYM vk¡[kä d¨ osfYMax ds le; lgh MkdZusl ds Xykl osfYMax ds le; mi;¨x
bUÝk jsM@ ;w oh jst ls güs pkfg, djuk pkfg,
cpkrk gS
12 xSl dfVax vk¡[kä d¨ ¶ykbax ikfVZdYl lgh MkdZusl ds Xykl xSl dfVax ds le;
x‚xYl o~ bUÝk jsM@ ;w oh jst ls güs pkfg, mi;¨x djuk pkfg,
cpkrk gS
13 ls¶Vh ÅapkÃ ij dke djrs le; gqd djuk t#jh g¨rk gS 1-8 ehVj ;k mlls Åij
gkuZsl fxjus ls cpkrh gS dh ÅapkÃ ij dke ds
le; mi;¨x djuk
14 vkdZ ¶+yS'k lwV vkdZ ¶+yS'k ls 'kjhj d¨ lgh dSisflVh dk gük vkdZ ¶+yS'k ckmaMªh ds vUnj
cpkrk gS pkfg, dke djrs le; mi;¨x
djuk pkfg,
15 Qky vjsLVj ÅapkÃ ij ls fxjus cpkrk gS Bhd <ax ls c‚Mh gkuZsl ÅapkÃ ds dke esa mi;¨x
ls tqM+k gük pkfg, djuk pkfg,
ih ih Ã ls tqMh dqN vU; ckrsa

dHkh Hkh LVS.MMZ ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djsaA lHkh ih ih Ã ds ekud fu/kkZfjr gSA
ih ih Ã d¨ gj mi;¨x ls igys psd dj ysaA vxj muesa d¨Ã fMQsDV feyrk gS r¨ mls mi;¨x u djsaA
ih ih Ã d¨ lkQ+ lqFkjh txg is LV¨j djsaA
ih ih Ã d¨ fuekZrk ds fn'kk funZs'k ds fglkc ls lgh rjhds ls igus O mi;¨x djsaA vkSj bUgsa fuekZrk ds
}kjk nh xÃ tkudkjh ds fglkc ls cny nsaA
ih ih Ã ds fMtkÃu o~ lajpuk d¨ vius eqrkfcd u cnysaA tSls gsyesV esa gÿ djuk bR;kfn
ih ih Ã d¨ le; le; ij psd djrs jgsaA vufQV ih ih Ã d¨ dk;ZLFky ls gVk nsaA
IykaV esa crk;s x, fu;eä ds eqrkfcd ih ih Ã igu ds vk;saA tSls ls¶Vh gsyesV] ls¶Vh 'kwt bR;kfnA bUgsa
vfuok;Z ih ih Ã cÿrs gSAvU; ih ih Ã d¨ dk;Z dh t#jr vuqlkj mi;¨x djuk u HkwysaA
lHkh ds gsyesV ij mudk uke o~ CyM xzqi fy[kk gük pkfg,A
ls¶Vh gsyesV ds fy, dyj d¨M fu/kkZfjr fd;s x, gS] mudk ikyu djsaA tSls lQ+sn & daiuh ds deZpkfj;ä
o~ vkxarqd¨ ds fy,] ihyk & d‚UVªSDV ds deZpkfj;ä ds fy,] yky & MªkÃoj] ,ysDVªhf'k;u] flD;wfjVh] Qk;j
Øw] CykLVj Øw ds fy,] gjk & ls¶Vh foHkkx ds y¨xä ds fy,]
pednkj tSdsV dk dyj d¨M bl çdkj gSA vksjsat dyj & d‚UVªSDV deZpkfj;ä ds fy,] ihyk dyj &
daiuh deZpkfj;ä ds fy,] gjk dyj & ls¶Vh ds deZpkfj;ä ds fy, A
Safety Talk Book
62
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k lEoU/kh tkudkfj;ka
vktdy fo'oHkj esa i;kZoj.k vkSj blds vlarqyu dh cgqr ppkZ gSA i;kZoj.k
laj{k.k dk eryc lkekU;r;k isM+ i©/kä ds laj{k.k ,oa gfj;kyh ds foLrkj ls
fy;k tkrk gSA ijUrq foLr`r ,oa fojkV Lo:i esa bldk rkRi;Z isM+ i©/kä ds
lkFk lkFk ty] ok;q] tehu] i'kq] i{kh ,oa laiw.kZ çFoh dh j{kk ls gSA ,sls esa ?kj
ifjokj gh lgh vFkZä esa i;kZoj.k f'k{k.k dh ikB'kkyk gSA r¨ vkb;s ge vius
vokjiqj ifjokj esa i;kZoj.k d¨ le>s] mldh eq[; leL;kvksa ,oa mlds dkj.kä
d¨ le>sA
i;kZoj.k dh leL;kvksa ls ltho tSls euq";] i'kq i{kh vkSj isM+ i©/ksa çHkkfor
g¨rs gS] mlh rjg futhZo oLrq,a tSls ty ok;q vkSj tehu Hkh çHkkfor g¨rh gSA
i;kZoj.k fo?kVu ds eq[; dkj.k bl çdkj gSA
y çnw"k.k
t
ok;q çnw"k.k
Hkwfe çnw"k.k
/ofu çnw"k.k
vkSj bu çeq[k dkj.kä ls vkt fo'oHkj esa ty ok;q ifjorZu] vkstü gÿ] leqæ
ty Lrj c<+uk] Hkw ty Lrj fujarj ?kVuk tSlh leL;k,a mRiUu g¨ xÃ gSA
i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk ,oa xq.koÙkk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vokjiqj lhesaV oDlZ esa
i;kZoj.k uhfr ykxw dh xÃ gSA vkSj blds rgr geus vko';d txgä ij çnw"k.k fu;a=d midj.k yxk;s gS
tSls cSx gkml] cSx fQ+YVj vkSj Ã ,l ihA ge gj lky o`{kkjï.k ij Hkh fo'ks"k /;ku nsrs gSA blds vykok
Hkh gekjk O;fDrxr :i ls i;kZoj.k lqj{kk dk nk;qRo curk gS vkSj blds fy, gesa fuEufyf[kr ckrä ij /;ku
gük pkfg,A
d¨Ã Hkh ikuh dk uy dke ds ckn ijwh rjg cna dj nAas vkjS ;g fuf'pr djas dh ikuh vuko';d :i ls uk cgAs
IykfLVd dk de ls de mi;¨x djsa vkSj mi;¨x fd;s x, IykfLVd d¨ MLV fcu esa gh MkysaA
dwjk dpjk d¨ MLV fcu gh MkysaA ukLrk djus ds isij osLV d¨ MLV fcu esa Mkysa A
fnu esa fctyh dh j©'kuh dk de ls de mi;¨x djsaA tc t#jh g¨ rHkh bysfDVªd ykbV dk mi;¨x djsaA
vk;y o~ xzhl dk cgko ikuh o~ tehu esa uk güs nsaA
?kjä esa lh ,Q ,y cYo dk bLrseky djsaA
e'khu d¨ vPNk j[ks ftlls dh vuko';d u‚bt+ u gÄ tgk¡ T;knk
u‚bt+ g¨ r¨ ogka ij bvj Iyx dk bLrseky djsaA
mi;¨x dh xÃ lh ,Q ,y cYo] cSVjh d¨ b/kj m/kj u QsadsA mUgsa vf/kÑr MLV fcu esa Mkysa
MLV çn"qk.k d¨ j¨dus ds ç;kl djas tl S s ikuh dkfNMdko bR;kfnA rFkk ,l
s h txgä eas MLV ekLd dk ç;¨x djAas
i;kZoj.k lqj{kk dh tkudkjh vius ifjokj ds lnL;ä d¨ nsa vkSj mUgsa tkx:d cuk;saA gj lky ,d iM s + t#j
yxk;saA isM+ä d¨ uk dkVsaA
?kj o~ vkWfQl esa QSu] dwyj bR;kfn d¨ O;FkZ esa u pyus nsaA
IykaV esa e'khu dk j[k j[kko vPNh rjg ls j[ksaA IykaV esa vPNh gkml dhfiax esaVsu djsaA
xkMh] e¨Vj lkbfdy d¨ pkyw j[kdj ckrphr uk djsaA blls O;FkZ esa isVªÿ tyrk gSA
?kjä esa pwyk O;FkZ esa uk tyk,aA blls ba/ku dh cpr g¨rh gSA
IykaV esa vxj d¨Ã e'khu o~ Mªkbo O;FkZ esa pyrh gS r¨ mls uk pyk;saA blls ÅtkZ osLV g¨rh gSA
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iSfdax IykaV esa lqj{kk ds fu;e
iSdj o~ iSdj ¶y¨j vkWijs'ku
iSdj pkyw djus ls igys lHkh ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djsaA lqj{kk p'ek t#j igusaA
cSx d¨ u¨ty is yxkrs le; /;ku ns dh u¨ty dk uqdhyk Hkkx gkFk esa u yxsA
iSdj e'khu ds lkbM esa yxk bejtsalh ¶ySi] [k+jkc ugha gük pkfg,A
iSdj e'khu d¨ gok ls lkQ+ djrs le;] lqj{kk p'ek t#j igusaA
iSdj e'khu ij dke djrs le; <hys <kys oL= u igusaA
iSdj ij esaVsusal djus is igys y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djsa o~ ijfeV ysaA
iSdj e'khu ds ikl csYV o~ iqYyh iwjh rjg ls xkMZ gük pkfg,A
iSdj ¶y¨j ij vPNh gkml dhfiax j[kuh pkfg,A
cSx x¨ Mkmu esa Hkkjh la[;k esa IykfVd cSx g¨rs gSA ogka fdlh rjg dk g‚V odZ
uk djsaA ;gk¡ /kqeziku djuk l[r euk gSA
iSdj ¶y¨j ij ean xfr ls foukj cdsV pyrh jgrh gS] budk /;ku j[ksaA buls VDdj g¨ ldrh gSA
MkÃosVZj ,MtLV djrs le;] csYV d¨ can djsa vkSj y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djsaA lsfVax ds le;
mfpr IysVQkeZ dk bLrseky djsaA
daçsLM ,;j dk bLrseky c‚Mh Dyhfuax ds fy, uk djsaA
lkQ+ lQkÃ djrs le;] <hys <kys oL= u igus vkSj dUos;j ls lko/kkuh cjrsaA
dUos;j csYV ij uk p<+sa vkSj Ø‚l djus ds fy, QqV vksoj IysVQkeZ dk bLrseky djsaA
dUos;j esa yxh iqy dkMZ pkyw gkyr esa güh pkfg,A fdlh bejtsalh esa bls [khpdj
dUos;j d¨ can dj ldrs gSA
jsyos lkbfMax esa y¨fMax vkWijs'ku
oSxu y¨fMax e'khu esa ewoesaV ctj Bhd daMhlu esa gük pkfg,A
oSxu y¨fMax e'khu Lohi xkMZ gük pkfg,A
oSxu y¨fMax e'khu d¨ b/kj m/kj djrs le;] /;ku j[ks dh VªSd is d¨Ã gS r¨ ughaA
oSxu y¨fMax e'khu d¨ Bhd <ax ls lgh d¨.k esa lsV djsa] ftlls dh cSx tkfeax ugha g¨rh gSA
oSxu y¨fMax e'khu esa vkWijsfVax fLop o~ bejtsalh iq'k cVu Bhd dke djrs gük pkfg,A
cSx y¨fMax ds le; cSx d¨ Vax IysV is vkus ds ckn gh xkbM djsaA
vxj cSx tkfeax g¨rh gS r¨ csYV d¨ can djds cSx tkfeax fudkysaA
oSxu y¨fMax e'khu tc M¨j esa g¨ r¨] r¨ M¨j ds lkbM ls fouk vkWijsVj ds vuqefr ds vkoktkgh u djsaA
cSx dh FkIih lgh ls leku :i ls yxk;sa] dHkh dHkh iwjh FkIih [kqn ij y¨fMax ds le; iyV tkrh gSA
IysVQkeZ o~ oSxu M¨j ds chp ds xSi dk [;ky j[ksaA
y¨fMx
a ds le; M¨j ds nl w jh rjQ dh f[kMd+ h ls fxjus dk [krjk jgrk g]S y¨fMx
a ls le; bldk /;ku j[kAas
dHkh Hkh jsyos oSxu ds uhps ls Ø‚l uk djsaA Ø‚l vksoj IysVQkeZ dk bLrseky djsaA
e'khu d¨ M¨j ls ckgj fudkyrs le;] lko/kkuh cjrs] dHkh dHkh M¨j dh lkbM o e'khu dh vkeZ ds chp esa
ncus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
e'khu ds lHkh fyfeV fLop vPNs ls dke djrs gük pkfg,A
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dk;ZLFky ij b/kj m/kj l¨;sa ughaA
y¨fMax ds le; lHkh vko';d ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djsaA
oSxu esa y¨fMax djrs le; lqfuf'pr djsa dh] oSxu ds Oghy y‚d gS dh ughaA
M¨j d¨ lhy o~ vksiu djrs le; lgh vkStkj o~ IysVQkeZ dk bLrseky djsaA
y¨fMax e'khu dk esaVsusal djrs le; y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djsa A
Vªd y¨fMax vkWijs'ku
Vªd y¨fMax ds le; Vªd ds VwVs] taxh iYyä dk /;ku j[ksaA
Vªd y¨fMax rHkh djsa tc] Vªd esa Oghy p¨d yxh gÄ
Vªd y¨fMax ds ckn Vªd ls lko/kkuh ls mrjsaA
y¨fMax ds le; Vªd pkyd Vªd ds ihNs fcu esa ;k dsfcu ds
Åij ugha gük pkfg,A
cSx tkfeax d¨ csYV can djds fudkysaA
y¨fMax e'khu esa fjolZ ctj o~ lHkh fyfeV fLop pkyw gkyr esa güs pkfg,A
Vªd y¨fMax e'khu ihNs ysrs le; /;ku j[ks dh d¨Ã ihNs gS r¨ ughaA
Vªd y¨fMax ,fj;k esa Vªd ds jkLrä is pyrs le; lko/kkuh ojrsA vkSj vukf/kÑr jkLrä ls u tk,¡A
Vªd fjolZ g¨rs le;] Vªd ds ihNs d¨Ã ugha jguk pkfg,A
y¨fMax e'khu dk esaVsusal djrs le;] y‚d vkmV VSx vkmV djsa rFkk ijfeV ysdj dke djsaA
y¨fMax iwjh güs ij] Vªd ls uhps mrj tkus ds ckn gh] MªkÃoj d¨ vkxs tkus dh vuqefr nsaA
y¨fMax djrs le; lHkh vko';d ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djsaA
can Vªd esa lko/kkuh ls y¨fMax djsa] dHkh dHkh Vªd lkbM o~ e'khu vkeZ ds chp esa ncus dk [krjk jgrk gSA
lqfuf'pr djsa dh Vªd MªkÃoj] rkjiÿhu dofjax dk dke 'ksM esa cuk;s x, IysVQkeZ ij ls¶Vh gkuZsl igu
ds djrs gSA
Vªd ds uhps o~ ihNs d¨Ã jsLV vFkok vkjke ugha djuk pkfg;saA
Vªd MªkÃoj vuko';d b/kj m/kj ugha ?kqeus pkfg,A
cydj y¨fMax vkWijs'ku

cydj y¨fMax ds le;] ifg;ä esa Oghy p¨d yxk;saA
fjolZ djrs le;] /;ku j[ks ihNs d¨Ã gS r¨ ugha] fjolZ g‚uZ ctk,aA
cydj dk <Ddu [kÿus o~ can ds fy, mfpr IysVQkeZ O c‚Mh gkuZsl dk bLrseky djsaA ;gk¡ ls fxjus
dk [krjk jgrk gSA
cydj pkyw gkyr esa N¨M+ dj b/kj m/kj u ?kwesaA
xkM+h d¨ gsYij ugha pykuk pkfg,A
cydj y¨fMax ds le; vko';d ih ih Ã dk bLrseky djsaA
cydj pkyw djus ls igys lquf'pr dj ys dh] VSadj ds Åij d¨Ã gS r¨ ughaA
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jksM lsQVh
vxj nqfu;k esa güs okyh nq?kZVukvksa d¨ ns[ksa r¨ lcls T;knk nq?kZVuk,¡ j¨M ,DlhMsaV dh gSA dkj[kkuä dh
nq?kZVuk,a r¨ j¨M dh nq?kZVukvksa ds lkeus ux.; gSA j¨M bruh T;knk [krjukd g¨ pqdh gS dh vk;s fnu ge
y¨x dqN u dqN nq?kZVuk ds ckjs esa lqurs gSA j¨M dk mi;¨x ge lc fdlh u fdlh :i esdjrs gS tSls ,d
txg ls nwljh txg tkus ds fy,] lkeku] eVsfj;y d¨ ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tkus ds fy,A gekjs
ifjokj ds y¨x] cPps Hkh j¨M dk mi;¨x djrs gSA ge y¨x j¨M ij iSny pyrs gS] lkbfdy pykrs gS] e¨Vj
lkbfdy o~ dkj bR;kfn pykrs gSA ge lc vxj vius is la;e o~ vuq'kklu j[ks r¨ ,sls reke j¨M ,DlhMsaV
ls cpk tk ldrk gSA j¨M ,DlhMsaV ds dqN ewyHkwr dkj.k bl çdkj gSA
'kjkc ds u'ks esa xkMh pykuk
ksoj LihM esa xkMh pykuk
v
j¨M lqj{kk ds fu;eä dh vuns[kh djuk
kMh dh daMhlu dk Bhd u gük vc pkgs o¨ Vªd g¨]
x
dkj g¨ ;k e¨Vj lkbfdy g¨
hV csYV dk mi;¨x u djuk Øs'k gsyesV dk mi;¨x u djuk
l
j¨M dh [kjkc daMhlu dk gük
Ynckth
t
ªkÃoj d¨ mfpr vkjke o~ jsLV u feyuk vkSj uhan dh gkyr esa xkMh pykuk
M
vkt ge lc o~ gekjs ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ä d¨ j¨M ls¶Vh is tkx:d güs dh t#jr gSA vkSj gesa bl lc
dh igy djuh pkfg,A j¨M ls¶Vh ls tqMh dqN lkekU; tkudkfj;ka bl çdkj gSA
daiuh ifjlj esa j¨M rFkk ikfdZax lqfo/kk ds lkFk j¨M ij mfpr j¨'kuh dh O;oLFkk gük pkfg,A
lHkh Vªkali¨VZ xkfM+;ä dk jftLVªs'ku] fQVusl lfVZfQdsV] us'kuy ijfeV bR;kfn gük pkfg, A
lHkh VkªfatV feDlj ¼dØ a hV feyj½ eas ihNs lh<h+] IyVsQke]Z Meª dh xkfMx
aZ ] ju vkosj ç¨VDs'ku bR;kfn güs pkfg,A
Vk;lZ dh VªsM daMhlu vPNh güh pkfg,A
daiuh esa VªsDVj dk mi;¨x flQZ N¨Vs e¨Vs lkeku dh f'kf¶Vax ds fy, djuk pkfg,A vkSj VªsDVj dk mi;¨x
vknfe;ä d¨ b/kj m/kj ykus ys tkus ds fy, ugha djuk pkfg,A VªsDVj MªkÃoj d¨ lhV csYV iguuk pkfg,A
VªsDVj Vªkyh esa ynk lkeku lhek ls ckgj ugha fudyk gük pkfg,A
daiuh ds dke esa] [krjukd eVsfj;y ¼ ,flM] ¶;wy bR;kfn ½ f'kf¶Vax ds le; oS/kkfud fu;eä dk l[rh ls
ikyu djuk pkfg,A bu fu;eä esa Vªse dkMZ] bejtsalh uacj] QLVZ&,sM ds fu;e] vfFkZax dh lqfo/kk ;w ,u o~
gstdse d¨M bR;kfn vkrs gSA
,p ,e~ oh xkfM+;ä ls eky Vªkali¨VZs'ku esa] xkfM+;ä ls eky 3 ehVj ls T;knk c‚Mh ls okgj ugha fudyk gük
pkfg,A vkjS ,y ,e~ oh xkfM;+ä eas eky c‚Mh ls okgj ugha fudyk gük pkfg,A tc eky xkMh ls ckgj fudyk
g¨ r¨ ,d ,d ¶ySx eSu 10 ehVj vkxs jgdj xkMh d¨ ,Ld‚VZ djuk pkfg,A
xkMh pykus okys MªkÃoj dh vk;q 24 o"kZ ds de u g¨ vkSj 58 o"kZ ls T;knk u gÄ Mªkbfoax ykblsal b'kw
djus dh rkjh[k de ls de rhu lky iqjkuh güh pkfg,A
MkªbolZ dk lkykuk gYsFk pd s vi gük pkfg,A gYsFk pd s vi eas vkÃ VLsV o~ Jo.k VLsV lEefyr gük pkfg,A
MªkbolZ dh fMQsaflo Mªkbfoax Vªsfuax güh pkfg,A
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IykaV o~ d‚yüh esa VªSfQd ds vkokxeu dh eq[; txgä is VªSfQd d.Vªÿ djus ds fy, VªSfQd ek'kZy yxs
güs pkfg;sA
lokjh xkM+h esa tSls dkj] VSDlh] esa lhek ls T;knk lokjh u oSBsA rFkk lHkh y¨x lhV csYV igusaA
lHkh MªkbolZ pednkj js¶ysfDVos tSdsV igusaA
lHkh xkfM+;ä esa jsVª¨ fj¶ysfDVo Vsi yxs güs pkfg,A ftlls dh v¡/ksjs esa xkMh dh foftfcfyVh jgsA
IykaV esa vkus tkus okyh lHkh Vªkali¨VZ xkfM+;ä dh xsV ,aVªh ds igys psfdax güh pkfg,A vkSj vxj o¨
psdfyLV ds fglkc ls lgh gS rHkh mls ,aVªh nsuh pkfg,A IykaV ds vUnj pyus okyh lHkh jsxqyj xkfM+;ä dh
Hkh psdfyLV ds fglkc ls fQVusl gük vfuok;Z gSA xkfMvksa esa e¨Vs r©j is czsd] ykbV] g‚uZ] bafMdsVj] Fkzh os
fejj] fjolZ g‚uZ] lhV csYV] M¨j y‚d] Mkyk] g‚uZ] ikfdZax czsd bR;kfn Bhd güs pkfg,A
xkfM+;ä esa vksoj y¨fMax ugha gük pkfg,A Hkjk gqvk eky lqjf{kr <ax ls
y¨M gük pkfg, rkfd o¨ fxjs ughaA
xkfM+;ä esa lkeku y¨M o~ vuy¨M djrs le;] fxjus o~ fQlyus dk [krjk
jgrk gSA vr% y¨fMax] vuy¨fMax o~ rkjiÿhu dofjax ls le; lko/kkuh
cjrs o~ mfpr IysVQkeZ o~ rjhds dk bLrseky djsaA xkfM+;ä esa Oghy p¨d yxk;saA
xkfM+;ä esa ywt eVsfj;y bl rjg lsaVj ls Hkjs rkfd fdukjä ghi u cus A blls
eVsfj;y fLiyst dh laHkkouk jgrh gS A
d¨;yk] fDyadj] ykbe LVü bR;kfn dh xkfMvksa d¨ ifCyd j¨M is pyrs le;] doj dj ds j[ksa] rkfd
eVsfj;y xkMh ls fxjs ughaA xkfM+;ä d¨ doj djus ds fy, vktdy esdsfudy 'khfVax flLVe Hkh vkrs gSA
ftles MªkÃoj xkMh esa cSBs cSBs xkMh d¨ y¨M güs ds ckn doj dj ldrk gSA
xkfM+;ä d¨ iyVus ls cpkus dh fy, /;ku j[ksa] fd xkMh vksoj y¨M u g¨] xkMh esa lkeku leku :i ls Hkjk
gük pkfg,A lkbM y¨fMax ugha gük pkfg,A
xkfM+;ä ls lkeku vuy¨M djrs le; /;ku j[ks dh ihNs dk Mkyk [kqyk g¨] MªkÃoj dsfcu esa g¨] vkSj tSd d¨
/khjs /khjs mBk;s >Vds ls ughaA
vuy¨fMax ds le; /;ku j[ks dh ihNs d¨Ã vU; O;fDr gS r¨ ughaA
IykaV esa Qlh xkfM+;ä d¨ V¨bax djuk euk gSA vxj LVkfVZax ç‚Cye gS
r¨ tEi LVkVZ ¼ cSVjh cwLVj½ dk mi;¨x djsA
'kjkc ds u'ks esa xkMh u pyk;saA
xkMh pykrs le;] e¨ckby Q+ü dk mi;¨x u djs] vxj d¨Ã d‚y djuh
gS r¨ xkMh dÄ lkbM esa [kM+k djds gh Q+ü dk bLrseky djsaA
MªkbolZ d¨ IykaV esa de ls de ls¶Vh 'kwt] ls¶Vh gsyesV] lqj{kk pLek] o~ pednkj tSdsV iguuh pkfg,A
xkMh pykrs le; vksoj LihfMax u djsA
xkfM+;ä ls laoaf/kr fdlh Hkh ?kVuk nq?kZVuk ds tkudkjh vius vius lqijokbtj d¨ nsA
j¨M ij iSny pyrs le; QqV ikFk dk bLrseky djsaA vkSj tgk¡ QqV ikFk ugha gS r¨ ogka j¨M ds
fdukjs ls pysA vkSj vkus tkus okys VªSfQd dk /;ku j[ksA
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j¨M Ø‚l djus ds fy, tsczk Økflax dk ç;¨x djsA rFkk nk;sa ok,a ns[kdj j¨M Ø‚l djsaA vxj d¨Ã xkMh
vk jgh gS r¨ #d tk;s vkSj xkMh fudyus ds ckn j¨M Ø‚l djsA
xkMh pykrs le; VªSfQd ykbV tEi u djsA tY}kth esa nq?kZVuk,a g¨rh gSA
j¨M d¨ xUnk u djsA dpjk bR;kfn MLV fcu esa MkysaA
e¨Vj lkbfdy pykrs le; Øs'k gsyesV dk mi;¨x dkuwuu r©j is vfuok;Z gSA vr% bldk viuh Lo;a dh
lqj{kk ds fy, igusA nq?kZVuk güs ds ckn p¨V Lo;a d¨ gh yxrh gSA
fcuk Mªkbfoax ykblsal ds xkMh u pyk;sA xkfM+;ä dh ikfdZax fu/kkZfjr txgä is djsA
xkMh pykrs le; j¨M ls¶Vh fu;eä dk ikyu djsA vius vius ifjokj ds lnL;ä d¨ j¨M ls¶Vh ds Åij
tkx:d djsA rFkk mUgsa j¨M ls¶Vh ls tqMh ckrä d¨ fl[kk,aA
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jsy lsQVh
jsyxkM+h o~ y¨dë¨fVo dk mi;¨x ge y¨x dPps eky o~ mRikn d¨ b/kj m/kj ykus ys tkus ds fy, djrs gSA
tSls vius IykaV esa lhesaV cSx ekdZsV esa jsy jsd ls tkrs gS rFkk d¨;yk] ftIle] bR;kfn jsd ls IykaV esa vkrk
gSA eq[;r;k jsy jsd dk ewoesaV iSfdax IykaV esa g¨rk gSA jsy jsd ewoesaV esa e¨Vs r©j fuEufy[khr [krjs gksrs gSA
jsy xkMh dk iVjh ls mrj tkuk
oSxu dk iVjh is yq<+d tkuk
yr iVjh is jsd dk pyk tkuk
x
jsy xkMh ls VDdj g¨ tkuk
VªSd esaVsusal ds n©jku nq?kZVuk g¨ tkuk
fctyh dh vksoj gsM ykbUl ds fo|qr vi?kkr g¨ tkuk
jsy jsd ls fdlh dk fxj tkuk
jsy jsd dk fdlh ds Åij p<+ tkuk
bu lc [krjä ds cpus ds fy, gesa jsy ls¶Vh ls tqMh fuEufyf[kr lqj{kk tkudkfj;ä dk tkuuk t#jh gSA
jsy lkbfMax dh rS;kjh ds le;] jsd Dyh;jsal nsus ls igys lqfuf'pr djsa dh VªSd fDy;j gS rFkk lHkh
i‚baV~l y‚d gSA vkSj i‚baV~l eSu ds ikl ¶ySx] lhVh] V¨pZ bR;kfn t#jh phts miyC/k gSA

jsd fjlhfoax ds le;] flD;wfjVh d¨ rHkh xsV vksiu djuk pkfg, tc i‚baV~l eSu xsV ij igq¡p tk,¡A

jsd fjlhfoax ds ckn] jsy batu ds ckgj tkrs gh] i‚baV~l eSu d¨ esu ykbu d¨ fMl dusDV dj nsuk
pkfg, rFkk blds ckn flD;wfjVh xkMZ xsV d¨ can dj nsuk pkfg,A

oSxu IyslesaV ds le; lqfuf'pr djsa dh oSxu ds lHkh M¨j can gS dh ugha
oSxu IyslesaV ds le; lqfuf'pr djsa dh oSxu y¨fMax e'khu txg is y‚d i¨th'ku esa gS dh ugha

ox
S u Iyls eVas ds le;] y¨d¨ d¨ Mh diy dfj,] vkjS vkf[kjh oxS u ds Oghy d¨ nüä rjQ ls y‚d dhft;As

oSxu vVsUMUV d¨ lgh vkStkjö~ lgh rjhds ls oSxu d¨ vksiu djuk pkfg,A

y¨MM s jd
s Qke'sZku ds le; lfquf'pr djas dh] M¨j lgh rjhds ls cna o~ lhy gAaS y¨MM
s jd
s Qke'sZku ds le;]
i‚baV~l eSu jsd ds ihNs lqjf{kr fLFkfr esa jgsxkA

lkbfMax ds vUnj] lHkh [kkyh o~ Hkjh oSxu dh 'kafVax vi xzsfM,aV dh rjQ djuk pkfg,A
y¨MsM jsd QkeZs'ku ds le;] oSxu ds var esa Oghy LV‚ij yxkuk uk HkwysaA

y¨MsM jsd d¨ lkbfMax ds ckgj tkus ds ckn] i‚baV eSu d¨ esu ykbu y‚d dj nsuk pkfg, rFkk flD;wfjVh
xsV d¨ can dj nsuk pkfg,A
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69
y¨d¨ vkWijs'ku Vhe d¨ pednkj tSdsV iguuk pkfg,A
y¨d¨ vkWijsVj d¨ y¨d¨ d¨ pykus ls igys y¨d¨ d¨psdfyLV ds fglkc ls psd dj ysuk pkfg, ]
dgh d¨Ã fMQsDV r¨ ugha gS] vxj gS r¨ bldh lwpuk lqijokbtj d¨ nsaA
i‚baV~l eSu d¨ VªSd ysvkmV ds ckjs esa irk gük pkfg, rFkk i‚baV~l d¨ lsV djus dh i)fr dk Kku gük pkfg, A
i‚baV~l eSu d¨ VªSd dh vlqjf{kr fLFkfr;ä dk Kku gük pkfg, rFkk vxj VªSd Dyh;j ugha gS rks yksdks ds
ewoesaV dks euk djuk pkfg, A
i‚baV~l eSu d¨ diy] Mh diy dh i)fr dk lgh Kku gük pkfg,A
y¨d¨ ewoesaV ls igys y¨d¨ dh psfdax dj ysuk t#jh gSA czsd] vk;y] ikuh ¶;wy bR;kfn esa yhdst ugha gük
pkfg,A xzkmaM Øw esEcj de ls de 20 QhV dh nwjh ij vkxs jguk pkfg,A y¨d¨ ewoesaV d¨ nüä fn'kkvksa esa
psd djds gh y¨d¨ pyk;saA
y¨d¨ ewo djus ls igys lqfuf'pr djsa dh i‚baV~l eSu y¨d¨ ds lkeus lkbM esa ykbu vkWQ+ Qk;j ls nwj
lqjf{kr txg ij gSA n¨ ckj g‚uZ ctkdj] i‚baV~l eSu ls flXuy feyus ds ckn y¨d¨ d¨ ewo djuk pkfg,A
y¨d¨ ewoesaV ds le; fu/kkZfjr xfr lhek dk ikyu djsaA yscy Økflax ij y¨d¨ d¨ fcydqy j¨d ys rFkk
yxkrkj g‚uZ ctk,aA rFkk xzkmaM Øw ds xzhu flXuy ds ckn gh yscy Økflax djsaA
y¨d¨ ikfdZax ds le; czsd gSaMy d¨ iwjk ,IykbM daMhlu esa j[kuk pkfg,A batu dh iwjh ,sDlsljht+ vkWQ
dj nsuh pkfg,A cSVjh d¨ fMl baxst dj nhft;sA y¨d¨ ds M¨j can djds] Oghy LVkij yxkuk pkfg,A
difyax djrs le; lko/kkuh cjrs rFkk c‚Mh d¨ oSxu ls nwj j[ks ftlls dh d¨Ã p¨V u yxsA
;kMZ esa y¨d¨ esa Mhty bysfDVªd ykbu tü ds ckgj HkjsaA 'kafVax ds le; d¨Ã Hkh oSxu ij ugha gük pkfg,A
dHkh Hkh oSxu ds uhps ls >qd dj u fudys] VªsuA oSxu dHkh Hkh py ldrh gSA
jsy ykbu baLisD'ku vkSj esaVsusal ds Vkbe pednkj tSdsV igusa
jsM flXuy dk mi;¨x j¨dus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA xzhu flXuy dk mi;¨x vkxs tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA ,sEcj dyj dk mi;¨x lko/kkuh ds lkFk vkxs tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA lQ+sn vkSj uhyk flXuy flQZ
bafMdsVj nsus ds fy, g¨rk gSA
jsy ykbu ij vksoj gsM fctyh dh ykbUl ls mfpr nwjh cuk ds j[ksA vkSj buds vkl ikl fcuk ijfeV
ds dke u djsaA blds fctyh dk djaV yx ldrk gSA
VªSd esaVsusal djus ds dke ds fy, ijfeV ys rFkk nüä rjQ yky ¶ySx 40 QhV dh nwjh is yxk;sA d¨Ã Hkh
lkeku VªSd ls 300 feyhehVj dh de ls de nwjh is j[ksaA
VªSd esaVsusal djus ds dke ds fy, ijfeV ys rFkk nüä rjQ yky ¶ySx 40 QhV dh nwjh is yxk;sA
d¨Ã Hkh lkeku VªSd ls 300 feyhehVj dh de ls de nwjh is j[ksaA VªSd esaVsusal ds le; jfuax ykbu is u
tk,A VªSd ykbu ds fdukjs pysaA
vksoj gsM bysfDVªd ykbu ls 2 ehVj dh nwjh esa d¨Ã Hkh dke fcuk ykbu ds vkblÿs'ku ds u djsaA gS.M
XyOl o~ fo|qr voj¨/kh gS.M VwYl dk mi;¨x VªSd esaVsusal ds le; djsaA
vksoj gsM bysfDVªdy ykbu ds tü esa esVy gSaMy vEcjsyk dk mi;¨x u djsaA vksoj gsM ykbUlA fczt ds
esaVsusal ds le; ijfeV ys rFkk mfpr IysVQkeZ o~ c‚Mh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djsa A
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ysoy Økflax ij VªSd nüä rjQ ls 3 ehVj dh nwjh ij fMLVsal i¨LV ls ç¨VsDVsM güh pkfg,A
kMZ esa mfpr ls¶Vh Qkmfyax ekdZ] 'kkbu c¨MZ] LihM fyfeV c¨MZ] flXuYl]
;
Mªsust] ykbV dh O;oLFkk güh pkfg,A
Økflax ljQsl d¨ bl rjg esUVsu djsa dh xkfMvksa ds ikl güs ls jsy
MSest u gÄ
y¨d¨ vkWijsVj ds fy, ¼ D;k djs o~ D;k u djsa½

uacj D;k djsa D;k uk djsa
1 gj f'k¶V esa y¨d¨ d¨ pykus ls igys y¨d¨ batu ds LVkfVZax fLop d¨ lsdaM ls T;knk
d¨ psd djsa nck ds u j[ksaA y¨M fyfeVj ds xzhu tü ls
vkxs y¨d¨ vkWijsV u djsa
2 y¨d¨ dh czsd d¨ y¨d¨ pykus ls igys psd y¨d¨ d¨ gkÃ LihM esa u pyk;saA y¨d¨ d¨ fcuk
djsa Oghy LVïlZ yxk;s u N¨M+sa
3 ysoy Økflax is y¨d¨ d¨ j¨dsa vkSj xzkmaM Øw fcuk xzkmaM Øw ds y¨d¨ u pyk;saA tc g‚uZ
ds flXuy ds okn gh y¨d¨ pyk;s yxkrkj ct jgk g¨ r¨ y¨d¨ uk pyk;sa
4 y¨d¨ ewo djus ls igys n¨ ckj g‚uZ ctk,a batu gqM ds Åij u p<+sa
5 y¨d¨ esa fMQsDV ik;sa tkus ij lqijokbtj d¨ y¨d¨ pykrs le; e¨ckby Q+ü dk bLrseky
rqjar lwpuk nsa u djsa
xzkmaM Øw ds fy, D;k djsa o~ D;k u djsa
uacj D;k djsa D;k uk djsa
1 fnu esa jsM vkSj xzhu ¶ySx dk bLrseky djsaA fnu esa ¶ySx d¨ e¨M+dj j[kdj y¨d¨ d¨ vkxs
rFkk jkr esa jsM o~ xzhu ykbV dk bLrseky djsa tkus dk flXuy u nsa
2 y¨d¨ ewoesaV ds le; y¨d¨ ds lkeus lqjf{kr y¨d¨ tc py jgk g¨ r¨ p<+s mrjsa ugha
i¨th'ku ij jgs
3 vxj VªSd tke g¨] ikuh Hkj x;k g¨ r¨ bldh y¨d¨ dh QwV LVsIl u [kMsa g¨
lwpuk rqjar lqijokbtj d¨ nsa
4 ysoy Økflax o~ Mh jsyesaV i‚baV ls igys y¨d¨ Qkmfyax ekdZ ds okgj y¨d¨ d¨ ikdZ u djsa
ewoesaV d¨ j¨d nsA i‚baV d¨ psat djs rFkk y‚d
djsa
5 ysoy Økflax is VªSfQd d¨ cSfj;j can djds ;k fcuk Oghy LVïlZ gVk;s y¨d¨ pykus dk flXuy
jsM flXuy nsdj j¨d ns vkSj mlds okn gh u nsa
y¨d¨ ewoesaV dk flXuy nsa
6 y¨d¨ d¨ i‚baV Ø‚l djus dk flXuy rHkh nsa tc y¨d¨ py jgk g¨ rc e¨ckby Q+ü dk
tc i‚baV lgh ls lsV gÄ bLrseky u djsa
7 y¨d¨ ewo djus ls igys Ld¨p Cykd d¨ gVk nsa tc i‚baV y‚d g¨ rc y¨d¨ d¨ pyus dk
vkSj rHkh y¨d¨ ewo djus dk flXuy nsa flXuy u nsa
8 iqf'kax ds le;] vkxs tkus okyh oSxu ds vkxs vxj i‚baV lgh ls lsV u g¨ r¨ y¨d¨ d¨ tkus
lqjf{kr i¨th'ku ij jgsa dk flXuy u nsa
Safety Talk Book
71
V^d ;kMZ esa lqj{kk ds fu;e
Vªd ;kMZ esa mruh gh xkfM+;k¡ güh pkfg, ftruh bldh dSisflVh gäA
t#jr ls T;knk xkfMvksa ds güs ij ;kMZ esa datslu g¨rk gSA vkSj
vlqjf{kr fLFkfr iSnk g¨rh gSA
Vªd ;kMZ esa xkM+h Vsd vkWQ e¨M esa yxk;saA
xkM+h ikfdZax ds ckn] xkM+h esa pDds ds nüä rjQ Oghy p¨d yxk;saA
Oghy p¨d ifg;s ds O;kl ds fglkc ls lgh lkbt+ dh güh pkfg,A
xkMh dh ikfdZax Øe c) rjhds ls djsaA b/kj m/kj mYVh iYVh xkM+h
uk ikfdZax djsaA
xkMh ds uhps o~ ihNs u cBSas o~ vkjke djAas Vd
ª ds dfscu ds Åij u l¨;Aas
lHkh t#jh ih ih Ã tSls gsyesV] ls¶Vh 'kwt] pednkj tSdsV bR;kfn
dk bLrseky djsaA
y¨fMax i‚baV ij xkMh yxkus ds ckn Oghy p¨d yxkuk u HkwysaA
y¨fMax ,fj;k esa b/kj m/kj uk ?kwesaA
xkMh pykrs le; LihM fyfeV dh e;kZnk dk ikyu djsaA
xkMh fjolZ djrs le; /;ku j[ks dh ihNs d¨Ã gS r¨ ughaA T;knkrj ,DlhMsaV fjolZ djrs le; g¨rs gSA
fjolZ djrs le; fjolZ g‚uZ ctk,a vkSj fejj dk bLrseky djsaA
xkMh d¨ gsYij ugha pykuk pkfg,A xkMh pykrs le; dsfcu ds M¨j bR;kfn can j[ksaA Mkys dh psu txg is
gqd güh pkfg,A
xkMh dh daMhlu psdfyLV esa fn, x, i‚baV~l ds fglkc ls cjkcj güh pkfg,A
xkMh ds vUnj [kkuk u idk,A dSaVhu esa tkdj [kkuk [kk, o~ [kkyh le; esa vkjke djsaA
b/kj m/kj j¨M dh fdukjs o~ fMokbMj ij vukf/kÑr u cSBsaA
xkMh VuZ djrs le; bafMdsVj nsA
j¨M Økflax ij fo'ks"k lko/kkuh ojrsaA vkSj vkus tkus okysa VªSfQd dk /;ku j[ksaA
flD;wfjVh xkMZ ls psfdax ds le; d¨vkijsV djsaA
b/kj m/kj j¨M ij iSny tkrs le; fn, x, QqVikFk dk ç;¨x djsaA
tgk¡ QqVikFk ugha gS ogka j¨M ds fdukjs ls pysaA
;kMZ esa b/kj m/kj dgh fctyh dh vksoj gsM ykbu xqtj jgh gS r¨ muls mfpr nwjh cuk ds j[ksaA
pyrh xkMh N¨M+dj b/kj m/kj u tk,¡A
xkfM+;ä dh lQkÃ djds dwjk dpjk b/kj m/kj u QsadsA vkSj bls MLV fcu esa gh Mkysa
u'ks dh gkyr esa xkMh u pyk;saA blls nq?kZVuk g¨ ldrh gSA
xkfMvksa esa d¨Ã xSj d+kuwuh oLrq,a uk yk;saA
xkfMvksa is rkjiÿhu [kÿrs o cka/krs le; mfpr IysVQkeZ o~ ls¶Vh gkuZsl dk mi;¨x djsaA
xkfMvksa ls gqÃ fdlh Hkh nq?kZVuk dh vius lqijokbtj d¨ fji¨VZ nsA fu;j fel fji¨VZ djsaA
flD;wfjVh psfdax esa viuk lg;¨x nsA
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72

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Hkwfedk

Safety Talk Book

Safety Talk Book

esgur gekjk deZ gSA lqj{kk gekjk /keZ gSA

Safety Talk Book

Safety Talk Book

ÅtkZ J¨rä dk vkblÿs'ku djrs oDr y¨V¨ ds lHkh fu;eä dk vuqikyuA

fu;j fel rFkk nq?kZVukvksa d¨ lwfpr djuk

Safety Talk Book

xM~<¨a ds fdukjs is ywt eVsfj;y u j[ks] ugha r¨ bl rjg ds

[kqnkÃ ds dke ij lHkh t#jr ds ih ih Ã tSls ls¶Vh 'kwt]

'k¨fjax djus ds fy, vPNh daMhlu ds eVsfj;y tSls 'khV]

fLFkj jkWd lkWfyM jkWd] 45 ls 90 ofVZdy 90

Vkbi B Dys vkSj dksgsflo 15 ls 20 1 % 1 45

Safety Talk Book

e/kqeD[kh NqVkus ls igys lgh fjLd dk vkdyu djsA rFkk lEcaf/kr ih ih Ã

Safety Talk Book

[k+jkc e©le o~ rwQku esa LdkQ¨fYMax dk dke ugha djuk pkfg,A

ckM+h gkuZsl d¨ mi;¨x ds ckn lkQ+ lqFkjh txg is LV¨j djsA

Safety Talk Book

osfYMax e'khu dh Mcy c‚Mh vfFkZax g¨uh pkfg;sa rFkk

osfYMax e'khu dh dscy esa t‚baV ugha g¨ rFkk vxj

osfYMax e'khu d¨ ,d 'ksM ;k cwFk esa j[kuk pkfg;saA

osfYMax e'khu ds VfeZuy i‚baV balqysVsM ;k doj g¨us pkfg;saA

Safety Talk Book

VªkalQkeZj Vkbi dh osfYMax e'khu dk mi;¨x u djsaA

pkyw e'khu dh osfYMax dscYl d¨ gkFk¨a ds Åij jhy u djsaA

Safety Talk Book

dUos;j ds lHkh ?kwers Hkkx¨a tSls Mªkbo rFkk Vsy iqyh]

dUos;j esa okfuZax lk;ju g¨uk pkfg,A

dUos;j esa lkbM ds jkLrs lkQ+ lqFkjs g¨us pkfg,A

dUos;j ds vkl ikl <hys <kys oL= igu ds dke uk djsaA

dUos;j d¨ Økl djus ds fy, mfpr Økl vksoj dk bLrseky djsaA

dUos;j is lkQ+ lQkÃ ds n©jku vf/kÑr vkStkj¨a dk bLrseky djsaA

dUos;j d¨ dHkh vksoj y¨M u djsaA

dUos;j ds lHkh fyfeV fLop pkyw gkyr esa g¨us pkfg,A

dUos;j xSyjh o~ fiV esa mfpr ykbV dk çca/k g¨uk pkfg,A

dUos;j pkgsa pkyw g¨ ;k can g¨] gesa eku ds pyuk pkfg, dh

Safety Talk Book

fo|qRk midj.k¨a esa Mcy c‚Mh vfFkZax dk çko/kku lqfuf'pr djsaA

dsoy vf/kÑr O;fDr gh fctyh ds dke¨a d¨ djsA

dk;ZLFky ij fctyh dh dscYl d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls

bysfDVªdy isuy ds lkeus çekf.kr jcj eSV fcNkuk pkfg,A

bysfDVªdy vkbl¨ys'ku djus ls igys lqfuf'pr dj ys dh

Safety Talk Book

de o¨YVst ds bysfDVªdy VwYlA midj.k dk mi;¨x djuk pkfg,A

Mcy balqysVsM bysfDVªdy gS.M VwYl dk mi;¨x djuk

ysM cSVjh cSad :e esa vPNk osafVys'ku g¨uk pkfg, rFkk

ysM cSVjh :e esa 200 xzke ykbe ikmMj j[kuk pkfg,A

Safety Talk Book

Safety Talk Book

Øsu d¨ leku :i ls ysoy l‚fyM xzkmaM ij [kM+k djsA vkSj vxj

tc Hkkj n¨ Øsu ls mBkuk g¨] ;k dSisflVh y¨fMax > 80% g¨ ¼ ,l ,y

Øsu ds gqd d¨ y¨M is m/okZ/kj :i ls yxk;saA vkSj y¨M d¨ cSysal

35 fdy¨ehVj çfr ?kaVk ls T;knk gok esa fyf¶Vax u djsA

Øsu ds gqd esa ,d ls vf/kd fLyax yxkus ds fy, Mh 'kSdy dk

fyf¶Vax yx dk mi;¨x ls igys iwjh tkap dj ysuh pkfg,A

fyf¶Vax f'kf¶Vax dk dke fcuk ijfeV ds u djsA v¡/ksjk g¨us is fyf¶Vax

Safety Talk Book

Safety Talk Book

g‚V odZ djus okyh txg ls tyus okyh pht¨a d¨ gVk ns

¶y¨j vksifuax d¨ vkx u yxus okyh pht¨a ls doj djsa

g‚V odZ ,fj;k esa Qk;j flfyaMj j[ksa

Safety Talk Book