ABDUL MANNAN

AFFAN RAIS KHAN

SURBHI RANA
ZEENAT PARVEEN
Ventilation moves outdoor air into a building or a room, and distributes
the air within the building or room. The general purpose of ventilation in
buildings is to provide healthy air for breathing by both diluting the
pollutants originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it.
Building ventilation has three basic elements:
 ventilation rate — the amount of outdoor air that is provided into the
space, and the quality of the outdoor air;
 airflow direction — the overall airflow direction in a building, which
should be from clean zones to dirty zones; and
 air distribution or airflow pattern — the external air should be
delivered to each part of the space in an efficient manner and the
airborne pollutants generated in each part of the space should also be
removed in an efficient manner.
Some facts about ventilation:

• There are three strategies for natural ventilation,

one-sided ventilation, cross ventilation, stack
ventilation.
• Ventilation in building mostly works on the
principle: Warm air rises up and cool air sets down.
• Ventilation is provided in building to maintain
thermal comfort in a building.
• Ventilation is necessary in buildings to remove ‘stale’ air and
replace it with ‘fresh’ air:
• Creating air movement which improves
the comfort of occupants.
• Helping to moderate internal temperatures.
• Helping to moderate internal humidity.
• Replenishing oxygen.
• Reducing the accumulation of moisture, odour ,
bacteria, dust, carbon dioxide, smoke and other contaminants that
can build up during occupied periods.
 TEMPERATURE
 HUMIDITY
 MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE
 AIR MOVEMENT

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR CREATING THERMAL

COMFORT
Passive design strategies use ambient energy sources instead of
purchased energy like electricity or natural gas. These strategies
include daylighting, natural ventilation, and solar energy. Some
ways to keep people comfortable are
• Use the sun’s heat to warm them,
• Use the wind or ceiling fans to move air when it’s too warm,
and keeping surrounding surfaces the correct temperature with
good insulation.
 NATURAL
VENTILATION

MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
HYBRID
VENTILATION
A building ventilation system that uses powered fans or blowers to provide fresh
air to rooms when the natural forces of air pressure and gravity are not enough to
circulate air through a building.
Mechanical ventilation is used to control
 Indoor air quality.
 excess humidity.
 Odour.
 The building is too deep to ventilate from the perimeter.
 Local air quality is poor, for example if a building is next to a busy road.
 Local noise levels mean that windows cannot be opened.
 The local urban structure is very dense and shelters the building from the
wind.
 Privacy or security requirements prevent windows from being opened.
 Internal partitions block air paths.
 The density of occupation, equipment, lighting and
so on creates very high heat loads or high levels of
contaminants.
 A circulation system such as a ceiling fan, which creates internal
air movement, but does not introduce fresh air.
 A pressure system, in which fresh outside air is blown into
the building by inlet fans, creating a higher internal pressure than
the outside air.
 A vacuum system, in which stale internal air is extracted from
the building by an exhaust fan, creating lower pressure inside
the building than the outside air.
 A balanced system that uses both inlet and extract fans,
maintaining the internal air pressure at a similar level to the
outside air and so reducing air infiltration and draughts.
 A local exhaust system that extracts local sources of heat or
contaminants at their source, such as cooker hoods,
fume cupboards and so on.
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Ceiling fans are commonly seen as
ventilation systems as they are
usually the most visible mechanical
system in a building; however
ceiling fans do not provide real
ventilation, as there is no
introduction of fresh air. Ceiling
fans only circulate air within a room
for the purpose of reducing the
perceived temperature by method of
evaporation of perspiration on the
skin of the occupants. Also hot air
rises therefore; ceiling fans may be
used to keep a room warmer in the
winter by circulating the warm from
the ceiling to the floor.
Pressure ventilation system also known as supply air ventilation system.
 They use a fan to force outside air into the building while air leaks out of the building
through holes in the shell, bath- and range-fan ducts, and intentional vents.
 A typical system has a fan and duct system that introduces
fresh air into usually one—but preferably several—rooms
that residents occupy most (for example, bedrooms, living
room, kitchen). This system may include adjustable window
or wall vents in other rooms.
 By pressurizing the house, these systems discourage the entry
of pollutants from outside and prevent backdrafting of
combustion gases from fireplaces and appliances. They also
allow air introduced into the house to be filtered to remove
pollen and dust or to be dehumidified.
Where it is used??
Supply ventilation systems work best
in hot or mixed climates.
Because they pressurize the house,
they have the potential to cause
moisture problems in cold climates.
In winter, the supply ventilation
system causes warm interior air to
leak through random openings in the
exterior wall and ceiling. If the
interior air is humid enough, some
moisture may condense in the attic or
parts of the exterior wall, where it can
promote mold, mildew, and decay.
Exhaust ventilation systems work by depressurizing the building. By reducing the
inside air pressure below the outdoor air pressure, they extract indoor air from a
house while make-up air infiltrates through leaks in the building shell and through
intentional, passive vents.
 Typically, an exhaust ventilation system is composed of a
single fan connected to a centrally located, single exhaust
point in the house.
 A preferable option is to connect the fan to ducts from several
rooms (especially rooms where pollutants tend to be generated,
such as bathrooms). Adjustable, passive vents through windows
or walls can be installed to introduce fresh air rather than rely
on leaks in the building envelope. However, passive vents may
be ineffective because larger pressure differences than those
induced by the ventilation fan may be needed for them to
work properly.
 But besides simple exhaust fans there are
also central exhaust
systems, with a fan or a multi-port
ventilation unit installed at
the basement or attic or other place
outside the home’s shell,
pulling air – through ducts - from the
rooms, and exhausting it to the outdoors.

Exhaust ventilation systems are relatively

simple and inexpensive
to install. Typically, an exhaust ventilation
system is composed of
a single fan connected to a centrally located,
single exhaust point
in the house.
 Balanced ventilation systems, if properly designed and installed, neither
pressurize nor depressurize a house. Rather, they introduce and exhaust
approximately equal quantities of fresh outside air and polluted inside air,
respectively.
 A balanced ventilation system usually has two fans and two duct systems. It
facilitates good distribution of fresh air by placing supply and exhaust vents
in appropriate places.
 A typical balanced ventilation system is designed to supply fresh
air to bedrooms and common rooms where people spend the most
time.
 It also exhausts air from rooms where moisture and pollutants
are most often generated, such as the kitchen, bathrooms, and the
laundry room.
• Like both supply and exhaust systems,
balanced ventilation systems do not
temper or remove moisture from the air
before it enters the house.
• They do, however, use filters to remove
dust and pollen from outside air before
introducing it into the house.
• Balanced ventilation systems are
appropriate for all climates; however,
because they require two duct and fan
systems, they are usually more expensive to
install and operate than supply or exhaust
systems.
 Better Indoor Air Quality. Indoor air can be many times more polluted than
outdoor air, and the average American spends 90 percent of the day inside.
Ventilation systems can significantly improve a home’s air quality by
removing allergens, pollutants, and moisture that can cause mold problems.
 More Control. When homes rely on air flow through walls, roofs, and
windows for ventilation, there is no control over the source or amount of air
that comes into the house. In fact, air leaking into the house may come from
undesirable areas such as the garage, attic, or crawl space. Mechanical
ventilation systems, however, provide proper fresh air flow along with
appropriate locations for intake and exhaust.
 Improved Comfort. Mechanical ventilation systems allow a constant flow of
outside air into the home and can also provide filtration, dehumidification,
and conditioning of the incoming outside air.