GENERAL CHEMISTRY: CHAPTER II

I. The Periodic Table

 A chart in which element having similar chemical and physical

are grouped together.

The periodic table is categorized into three:

Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals

 Metals
 Solid (with the exception of mercury, Hg-a liquid)
 Shiny, good conductors of electricity and heat
 Ductile (they can be drawn into thin wires)
 Malleable (they can be easily hammered into very thin sheets)
 All these metals tend to lose electrons easily. Usually have a
positive oxidation state [right below the atomic mass is their
oxidation state].

 Nonmetals
 Properties opposite of metals
 Brittle, not melleable nor ductile
 Poor conductors of heat and electricity
  Tend to gain electrons in chemical reaction. Usually have
negative oxidation state because of its valence electrons
 Valence Electrons - located on the outer most shell that are
free to be shared to other elements, responsible for chemical
bond.
 Stable atoms have 8 valence electron (octet rule).
 Some non-metals are are liquids.

 Metalloids
 Also called semi metals, have properties that are somewhat of
a cross between metal and non meta.
 Metalloids tend to be economically important because of their
unique conductivity properties (they only partially conduct
electricity), which make them valuable in the semiconductor
and computer chip industry.

Periodic Table Arrangements

 Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number
 Group - each column is called a group or family.
 Period - a row is called a period
 Elements in the boxes below the main table are part of period 6 and 7.

Groups and Periods