Readings in

Philippine History
 Hello
Hi Jerry!
Ma’am Irene!
What are you I have to write an obituary
doing? for a dear friend of mine who
died.
Who died?
Oh no! I love History. He was such an
interesting fellow, though many
people didn’t truly understand what
he was all about. People were always
mistaking him for his brother who
they call Past but History, he was so
much more than past. He was all
about connecting big ideas and when
you spent time with History you felt
like you were a better person because
of what you learned from him.
You want to hear what other people say
about him? He had many critics. And
some often refer to him as boring but
his true friends, those who knew him
well say he is very interesting,
enjoyable and helpful.
History knew he was not perfect. Just like any
hero, he had his flaws, which is that, he did not
learn from his mistakes and often repeated
them. However, he acknowledged this flaw and
encouraged his friends to learn from both his
successes and his failures. Doctors could not
determine History’s cause of death but his
friends’ suspect he died of a broken heart
because he felt unappreciated. In lieu of flowers,
History’s family is asking you to honor him by
learning or remembering the skills and lessons
from his life.
 One thing is for sure. There
Oh Jerry, I think I am going to would never be another quite
cry. That was beautiful! like History.
The End
 Meaning of History
 Sources of History
 General Kinds of Historical Sources
 Historical Criticism
 Colonial Historiography
 Philippine Historiography After World War II
 Characteristics of Contemporary Philippine
Historiography
 “In order to know the destiny of
the people, it is necessary to open
the book of its past.”
- (The Philippines A Century Hence)
 study of past events presented in chronological
order and with explanation

 sanaysay na may saysay

 kwento na may kwenta
 Historians - Individuals who write about history

 Historiography - the practice of historical writing

 Lesson
Navigator
a. Documents
b. Archaeological Records
Fossils

artifacts
c. Oral and Video Accounts
 Primary Sources

 Secondary Sources
 External Criticism

 Internal Criticism
 Historians attempt to understand the past
 Historians attempt to understand the past based
on evidence
 Historical evidence that comes directly from
society is called primary source.
 Historians interpret the primary source to
decide what they actually tell us about the past
 Interpretation: The process of deciding on
the meaning of a historical source
 Based on these interpretations, historians
attempt to create a narrative (a story)about
what happened in the past
 Historical narratives and interpretations are
known as secondary sources.
 Historians

External Criticism Primary

Sources
(D,AR,OV)
Internal Criticism

Secondary
Historiography Sources
 Lesson
Navigator
 period of darkness or backwardness
 period of advancement or enlightenment

 Spaniards - “barbaric” lifeways

 Americans - “civilized lifestyle”

 Jose Rizal - annotated Antonio de Morga’s

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
 Filipinos perception about their colonial past:

maltreated by the “wicked Spain”

and
rescued by the “benevolent America”
 Lesson
Navigator
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY AFTER WORLD WAR II

 Teodoro Agoncillo
 pioneered nationalist historiography
in the country by highlighting the role
of the Filipino reformists and
revolutionaries from 1872
 “lost history”
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY AFTER WORLD WAR II

 Renato Constantino

 “people’s history”
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY AFTER WORLD WAR II

 Zeus Salazar

 “Pantayong Pananaw”
PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY AFTER WORLD WAR II

 Reynaldo Ileto

 “history from below”

PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY AFTER WORLD WAR II

 Samuel Tan

 mainstreamed the role and relevance of

Filipino Muslims in the country’s national
history
 Lesson
Navigator
 Characteristics of Contemporary Philippine
Historiography

 Colonial Histories
 Emphasis on Lowland Christianized
Filipinos
 Political Narratives
 Patriarchal Orientation
 Elite-centric Perspectives