AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE

HISTORIOGRAPHY: SOURCES AND

DISCOURSES
SUMMARY OF WEEK 1-2

PREPARED BY: GUMPAL, KATE QUEEN C.

AB POLSCI 1-B
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF
HISTORY
• The study of the past events is known
as history.
• Historians are people who study and write about the
past. They examine the past in order to comprehend.
Historians conduct extensive historical research in
order to create a coherent and meaningful
reconstruction of the past.
• Historiography is the term used to described the
DISTINCTION OF SECONDARY AND PRIMARY
SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
Documents, physical items, and
oral/video accounts are referred to as
primary sources.
The key function of primary source
documents is to give facts
SECONDARY SOURCES
Secondary source records, on the other
hand, offer valuable descriptions of
historical events.
Secondary sources are those sources, which
were produced by an author who used
primary sources to produce the material.
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL
CRITICISM
EXTERNAL CRITICISM INTERNAL CRITICISM
External criticism raises doubts and Internal criticism focuses on the substance
questions about a historical source's of the historical source's authenticity and
validity. reliability.
 O S I T O R I E S
R E P
F P R I M A R Y
O
Government institutions like the National Library and the
S O U
National R C E
Archives S
are important repositories of
documentary sources. Academic institutions with
significant library and archival collections include the
University of the Philippines and Ateneo de Manila.
Religious congregations like the Augustinians, Dominicans,
Jesuits, and Recollects have large archival collection that
have yet to be explored.
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF
PRIMARY SOURCES
• LEGAL RECORDS, CRIME RECORDS, AND CIVIL RECORDS
• CATALOGUED AND UNCATALOGUED DOCUMENTS
• MANUSCRIPTS
• PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION
• COURT PROCEEDINGS
• RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS
• MICROFILM COPIES
• NATIONAL ARCHIVES
WHAT IS HISTORY?
• The study of the past events is known as
history.
• IT EXIST IN ARTIFACTS, WRITTEN
ACCOUNTS (HISTORY
BOOKS/ARTICLE),MEMORY AND THE
LEFT-OVER OF THE PAST
• Historians are people who study and write
about the past.
 HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM
HISTORIOGRAPHY?

• Historiography is the term used to described the

method of writing history.
• HISTORIOGRAPHY REFERS TO THE HISTORY,
PHILOSOPHY, AND METHODOLOGY OF
HISTORY.
• the writing of history based on the critical
examination of sources.
WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF
HISTORY

• PRIMARY SOURCES
• SECONDARY SOURCES
 HOW DO HISTORIANS WRITE HISTORY
HISTORY?
Historians search for clues about the past using both
primary and secondary sources. Primary sources help
historians learn what people were thinking at the time
of an event.
Historians must evaluate a primary source to identify
and decide if the author’s point of view is trustworthy.
Sometimes sources have a bias, or an unreasoned,
emotional judgment about people and events – these
sources cannot be trusted. Then, they look at
secondary sources that express different points of
view to get a clear idea of what happened.
Who are some of the notable Filipino historians?
What are their contributions to
Philippine historiography?

• Teodoro agoncillo
Teodoro Agoncillo pioneered nationalist historiography in the
country by highlighting the role of the Filipino reformists and
revolutionaries from 1872, the year that saw the execution of the
Gomburza priests, to the end of the Philippine Revolution as the
focal point of the country’s nation-building narrative. Two of his
most celebrated books focus on the of the Philippine Revolution:
The Revolt of the Masses: The story of Bonifacio and the
Katipunan (1956) and Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic (1960).
RENATO CONSTANTINO
Renato Constantino, whose published work entitled
“The Miseducation of the Filipino” became a staple
reading for academics and activists beginning in the
late1960s. Constantino advanced the idea of a
“people’s history” – a study of the past that sought to
analyze society by searching out people’s voices from
colonial historical materials that typically rendered
Filipinos as decadent, inept and vile.
 ZEUS SALAZAR
Zeus Salazar who conceptualized “Pantayong
Pananaw” as an approach to understanding the past
from our own cultural frame and language. He
emphasized the value of our Austronesian roots to
defining Filipino culture and encouraged other
scholars to conduct outstanding historical researches
in Filipino such as the work of Jaime Veneracion’s
Kasaysayan ng Bulacan (1986).
 REYNALDO ILETO
Reynaldo Ileto who wrote about his “history from
below” treatise in his ground-breaking work, Pasyon
and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines,
1840-1910 (1979). In this work, Ileto endeavored to
recognize the way of thinking of ordinary folks by using
alternative historical sources such as folk songs and
prayers. His other works spurred new interpretations of
common topics such as Jose Rizal, Philippine-American
War, and American colonization.
 SAMUEL TAN
Prolific historian who is remembered for mainstreaming the role and
relevance of Filipino Muslims in the country’s national history. Tan
tempted to write a national history reflective of the historical
experiences not only of lowland Christianized Filipinos but also of the
other different cultural communities in the archipelago.
REFERENCES:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/historiography
https://www.acschools.org › Historiograph
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-2362-0_1
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a&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoCCAA6BwgjEOoCECc6BAgAEEM6BQgAELEDOggIABCxAxCDAToECAAQGFDDoAJYk90CYLntAmgBcAB4BIABxg
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Thank you!