METALS Hinata is

HANDWRITTEN NOTES
I Years Included]
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r

-
g

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1

Designed with ta .

Snobhit Norman
 Metals

f- Chemical Properties of
-
Physical Properties of metals
metals
Reaction with
Oxygen
-

-
Reaction with water
-
Reaction with Acids
-

Reaction with solution of other

Metal salts .

Non -
metals
-

Physical Properties of Non Metals

-

-
Chemical Properties of Non Metals
-

Metals and
Non-Metals

Ionic compounds
-

Properties of Ionic compounds

 METALS
Those elements which form positive ions by losing electrons are called metals

# Physical Properties of Metals : -

Are malleable , i. e. , they can be hammered into thin sheets

.

° .

°
Are good conductor of heat and electricity .

°
Melting and
boiling points
usually high are .

° Are solid at room temperature except mercury (liquid ) .

sonorous gi e. , they produce a sound on

Are
striking
° .
.

° Are Ductile , i. e , they can be drawn into thin wires . Gold is the most ductile
metal .

# Chemical Properties of Metals :

L . Reaction of Metals with

Oxygen
-

[ METAL t OXYGEN →
METAL OXIDE ]
For → 2 Al203 (
>
ego
-

. 4 Alls) t
302cg ) Sf aluminium oxide
Cs) → 200 "
z cu t
Oz ( g) Ls copper III oxide
KB o
Generally metal oxides are basic in nature BAT some metal oxides
,
.

such as aluminium oxide , eine oxide show both acidic and basic
behaviour , such metal oxides which react with both acids as well as
a bases to produce salt and water are called amphoteric Oxides

°
Metals such as potassium and sodium react so vigorously that
catch fire it kept in the open Hence , they are kept immersed .
they
in
kerosene oil to avoid accidental fires .

°
At room temperature, surfaces of metals such as
Mg , Alien , Pbete .

are cover ned with a thin layer of oxide , to prevent further oxidation .

Silver and gold

° do not react with
oxygen even at
high temperatures .

2 . Reaction of Metals with water :

metals react with water and produce a metal oxide and hydrogen
gas Metals .

oxides that are soluble in water dissolve in it to further form metal hydroxide .

→
For Na 4 k reaction is violent with cold water and
even so exothermic
catches fire
that hydrogen immediately :\ 3¥ Hate 3M th kerosene't
2 Na -12 H2O → 2 NaOH t
tht heat 449¥ !
Z K t 2h20
-
HOH t Hz t heat
 →
for Cag reaction is less violent for hydrogen to catch fire .

CathH2O → Ca ( OHL + Hz

→
Ad , Fe do not form hydroxide as their oxides are not soluble .
They do not react
with hot water but with steam .

2 Alls) t 3 Hz Olg ) - Al, Og Cs) t

31421g)
( steam )
3. Fels) t
4th O l g ) -
Fez Oy Is) t
4th Ig )
(steam)

3 .
Reaction of Metals with Acids :

All metals ( except less reactive like cu , Hg , Au and Pt) reacts with
Ag
→
,
dil HCl and dil Hz soy to produce salt and
.
.

hydrogen gas .

Metal t Dilute acid

2 HCl
-
salt +
Hydrogen
Eg
:
-
Zn t
lag) -
2mHz t
Hzlgl T

→
Hz gas is not evolved when
strong oxidising agent
metal reacts with nitric acid CH NOz) as it is a
a
It oxidases Hz produced to Hao and itself
.

get reduced
to the
any of and nitrogen oxides .

But
Mg Mn react with
very diluted HMOs to evolve Ha gas .

Metal t HN 03 →
Salt t N 02/14209+1720
(dit)

for Mn 1mg salt that

minding t
Healy}
-

4 .
Reaction of Metals with solutions of other metal salts :

( DISPLACEMENT REACTION ]

Only more reactive metal can

displace a less reactive
metal from compound .

Fet cu soy →
Fe soy t cu

cu t Fe soy →
X
 NON -

METALS
Those elements which form negative ions electrons
by gaining are called Non metals -

# Physical Properties of Non metals : -

°
Are solids or
gases except bromine Cliquid) .

Except graphite , all are bad conductors of heat and electricity

°
.

°
Are non -
ductile .

and boiling points

Have low
melting
°
.

°
Are brittle , i.e .

they break down when hammered or Streatched

, .

# Chemical Properties of Non metals : -

-

→
Non metals are electron acceptor and cannot supply electrons to Ht Tons of acids
-

to reduce them to hydrogen

gas Therefore , Non metals do not react with water,
-
.

steam or dilute acid .

→ With Oz ,
C +
Oz →
CO2

↳
td 314T Metal 31ft Non metal # -

HTT I React tab 2

IONIC COMPOUNDS
formed when a metal and metal react Metal loses electrons) which
a non -

is gained by non -
metal in such manner that octet of both is
completely filled .

Ets formation of Mazo :

Na Nat
/ 02
- -

%,
t
-

- e + 2e -

( 2,8 , L) ( 2,8 ) , (2,8 )

( octet stable b) (octet stable

I :O:
.

Now Ma
( Noi'Ll :&
,
: -

U
.
.

Ma
→ formation of NaCl :

dY%,
-
Nat
( 2.8 )
t
-

e I a + e- -
ee
-

(2, 8
,
7) ( 48,8 )

now
,
miata II: -
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in
Properties of Ionic compounds
#
°o°
Solid and crystalline in nature due to of attraction between
strong force
positive and
negative ion.

°
Soluble in water and insoluble in solvents such as kerosene , petrol .

°
Good conductors of electricity in aqueous solutions and molten state but do
not conduct in the solid slate .

°
Melting and boiling
points are high
.

closet
.

→ ductile , lustrous and malleable

-
Silver and copper
-
Gallium and caesium

-
care:O: : -
la# I :&