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DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2008 with funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/dictionaryofindiOObuckuoft
DICTIONARY OF
INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
B,
C. E. BUCK.LAND, CLE.
(Indian Civil Ser'vice^ retired).
LONDON
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LIM
25 HIGH STREET BLOOMSBURY
1906
BS3
—
PREFACE
There are Biographical Dictionaries which contain lives of Indian celebri-
ties, and there are many biographies of individuals who have distinguished
themselves in India. But the Dictionaries are large, expensive works,
and the separate " Lives " or " Memoirs " are often lengthy or inaccessible.
There is no single volume of moderate size, containing such information
as is sufficient for the ordinary reader, regarding the careers and doings
of the large number of persons connected with India, in history, by their
exploits, services, and writings. The object of this " Dictionary of Indian
Biography " is to supply this want. It purports to be a handy Work
of Reference, giving the main facts of the lives of about 2,600 persons
—
English, Indian, Foreign, men or women, living or dead who have been
conspicuous in the history of India, or distinguished in the administra-
tion of the country, in one or other of its branches, or have contributed
and advancement by their studies and literary
to its welfare, service,
productions, or have gained some special notoriety. Such a work
must be limited by considerations of time, space, and cost. It has
been thought desirable to commence the present volume from about
1750 A.D., a date which admits of the inclusion of Lord Clive and his
contemporaries in Southern India, when the English power in India
was being established. It has been found necessary to treat the lives in
an indicative rather than in an exhaustive manner. It is impossible to
include everybody who has been in India, and nothing has been harder
than the attempt to fix a standard of merit to entitle its possessor to
inclusion. No one consulted has been able to suggest a criterion of " dis-
tinction." The titles and decorations of the various Orders of Knight-
hood afford no certain ground. A complete and full Biographical Dic-
tionary for India could only be undertaken, and might well be undertaken,
by Government Agency, or under a financial guarantee of the cost of
production. In the difficulties of the problem, it is only possible to
all
decide, for inclusion or exclusion, upon general principles, general reputa-
tion, or notoriety and the many persons omitted for want of space are
:
likely to challenge the conclusions of the Editor. Again, in such a work,

unintentional omissions are sure to occur, in spite of all precautions, but
they can be supplied in future editions. In many cases, even of prominent
names, sufficient biographical information is not available, or, at any
rate, has not come to hand. It is equally impossible to avoid, entirely,
mistakes of dates or facts :the sources of information consulted often
disclose discrepancies, which personal knowledge has sometim.es been
able to determine. Accuracy has been a main object in the compilation,
but the short lives cannot be made more accurate than the sources of
V A*
;
vi PREFACE
information permit. In the Addenda will be found a few notices which
were accidentally omitted from the body of the work, or were obtained
too late to be included in their proper places.
A copious Bibliography has been appended. It contains the names
of a number of works which may advantageously be consulted by those
who are desirous of acquiring a greater knowledge of the individuals
treated in the Dictionary of Indian Biography, or of the history of India,
than can be conveyed in the brief notices in the Dictionary itself. It will
also be useful to the general reader of Indian literature. A separate list
of the chief Works of Reference consulted is subjoined to this Preface.
The Indian names of places have been spelt, for the most part, accord-
ing to the Jonesian (or Hunterian) system of transliteration adopted by
the Government of India. But that system allows, by way of compromise,
a number of names, which have in times past been spelt phonetically, to
retain their popular, though irregular, forms. Opinions differ as to the
extent to which such disregard of strict transliteration may be permitted.
In this work, some of the familiar words have been retained, and, in all
cases, the attempt has been made to adapt the spelling to the plain and
simple sound of a word no dots or accents have been used. The Indian
:
names of persons have been arranged on a system by which they can be

most easily found. In many cases, the territory with which the person is
connected supplies the keyword. In the case of Hindus, not designated
territorially, the family name should be first sought. In some cases (e.g.
among the Parsis), where the family name has been dropped, the name
which is used as a surname is put first. In the case of some Hindus, and
of Muhammadans, who have no name common to all the members of a
family, the arrangement is according to the first names in their alphabetical
order. Some common names have been spelt in the different ways which
their owners have adopted for themselves.
The greater portion of the compilation, as well as the editing, has
fallen on the Editor. At the same time, his acknowledgments are due
to all who have afforded him assistance and information. He has specially
to thank Mr. H. Wigram, of the Madras Civil Service (retired), now of
Messrs. Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., for his co-operation and ready counsel
the Editor of the AthencBum for kindly permitting the publication of
lists of names in his Journal the officers in charge of the India Office
:
Library, for their unfailing courtesy and stores of knowledge put at his
disposal ; and certain officers in India for their welcome help their names
:
are not mentioned, lest it should be supposed that any portion of the
Dictionary has any official authority.
Corrections and suggestions will be thankfully received.
THE EDITOR.
6i, Cornwall Gardens, London, S.W.,
November ist, 1905.
WORKS OF REFERENCE CONSULTED .
Account of the Mutinies in Oudh, An, M. R. Gubbins 1858. :
Addiscombe its Heroes and Men of Note, Col. H. M. Vibart 1894.

: :
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic 1875. :
American, European and Oriental Literary Record, Trlibner's 1865-89. :
Annual Register, The.

Asiatic Annual Register for the years 1800-1811, The 1801-12. :
Asiatic Quarterly Review, The 1886-1905. :
Asiatic Society, Journals of the Royal.

Assam, A StatisticaljAccount of, W.j.W. Hunter : 1879.
Bengal Army, History of the Rise and Progress of the, Capt. A. Broome 1850. :
Bengal Artillery, List of Oflicers who have served in the Regiment of the, by Maj.-
General F. W. Stubbs 1892. :
Memoir of the Services of the, Capt. E. Buckle : edited by J. W. Kaye :
1852.
Bengal, A Statistical Account of, W. W. Hunter 1875-7- :
Bengal Civil Servants, 1780-1838, Dodwell and Miles 1839. :
Bengal Establishment, A General Register of the Honourable E. L Company's

Civil Servants of the, from 1790 to 1842, by Ram Chandra Das and H. T.
Prinsep : 1844.
Bengal Obituary, The, Holmes & Co. 1848. :
Bengal under the Lieutenant-Governors, 1854-98, C. E. Buckland : 1901.

Biographical Treasury, A, Maunder.
Biographic Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne : 1811-53.
Bombay and Western India, J. Douglas: 1893.
Bombay Civil Servants, 1798-1839, Dodwell and Miles 1839. :
Book of Dignities, The, H. Ockerby 1890. :
British India and its Rulers, H. S. Cunningham 1881. :
British Indian Military Depositary, The, S. Parlby 1822-7. :
Calcutta Review, The 1844-1905.

:
Celebrities of the Century, L. C. Saunders 1887. :
Centenary Review of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1784-1883 1885. :
Chambers's Biographical Dictionary, G. D. Patrick and F. H. Groome 1897. -.
Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds relating to India, etc., A, C. U.

Aitchison, continued by others 1892. :
Comprehensive History of India, A, H. Beveridge 1858-62. :
Conversations Lexikon, Brockhaus 1882. :
Meyer : 1893.
Cyclopaedia of India, E. Balfour . 1885.
Decisive Battles of India, The, G. B. Malleson 1883. :
Dictionary of Biography, Lippincott 1881. :
Dictionary of General Biography, A, W. L. R. Gates 1881. :
Dictionary of National Biography : 1 885-1903.

Dictionary of Universal Biography, Beeton 1869-70. :
Dictionnaire Universel des Contemporains, G. Vapereau 1893. :
Dizionario Biograflco degli Scrittori Contemporanei, A. de Gubernatis : 1879-

viii WORKS OF REFERENCE CONSULTED
Early Annals of the English in Bengal, The, C. R. Wilson 1895, 1900. :
Early Records of British India, J. T. Wheeler: 1878.

East India Military Calendar, The, J. Philippart 1823-4. :
East Indian Gazetteer, The, W. Hamilton 1815. :
Echoes from Old Calcutta, H. E. Busteed 1897. :
Eminent Persons, Biographies reprinted from the " Times," 1870-94 : 1892-7.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, The.
Encyclopaedia of Missions, The, Dwight, Tupper, and Bliss 1904. :
Forty-one Years in India, Earl Roberts : 1898.
Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the E. I. Co., A, E. Thornton :
1857.
General Biographical Dictionary, The, A. Chalmers 1812-7. :
Gentleman*s Magazine, The.

Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India, J. Douglas 1900. .
Golden Book of India, The, R. Lethbridge 1893. -.
Government of India, The, Sir C. P. Ilbert: 1898.
Heroines of Ind, M. Dutt 1897. :
Historical Sketches of the South of India, M. Wilks : 1810-7.

History of India, H. G. Keene 1893. :
Iôper Lethbridge : 1881-93.

J. C. Marshman : 1867-93.
^ James Mill, 1817 ed. by H. H. Wilson 1858.
: :
History of India from the Earliest Ages, The, J. T. Wheeler: 1867-81.

History of India : Hindoo and Mohammedan Periods, M. Elphinstone 1841, 1889. :
History of the British Empire in India, E. Thornton 1841-5I: [L. J. iTrotter : :
1866-99.
History of the Indian Mutiny, A, G. W. Forrest 1904. :
T. R. E. Holmes 1891. .
G. B. Malleson 1878-80. :
History of the Indian Navy, 1613-1863, C. R. Low 1877. '

:
[
History of the Madras Army, W. J. Wilson: 1882-8. U

History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan from the
year 1745, A, R. Orme 1775-8. :
History of the Sepoy War, J. W. Kaye 1864-76. :
History of the War in Afghanistan, J. W. Kaye: 1857.

Homeward Mail, The, 1857-1905-
Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, The.

Imperial Gazetteer of India, The, W. W. Hunter, 14 vols. 1885-7. :
India and its Native Princes, L. Rousselet 1878. :
India its Administration and Progress, J. Strachey

: 1903. :
India Lists, The.

Indian Civil Service List, The, 1880, A. C. Tupp 1880. :
Indian Directory : Thacker & Co.

Indian Empire its People, History and Products, The, W. W. Hunter
: 1893. :
Indian Polity, G. T. Chesney 1868: 1894. :
India Office Lists, The.

India on the Eve of the British Conquest : a Historical Sketch, S. Owen 1872. :
India's Princes, M. Griffiths 1894. :
Kabul Insurrection of 1841-2, The, V. Eyre : 1879.
Last Century of Universal History, 1767-1867, The, A. C. Ewald 1868. :
List of Inscriptions on Tombs and Monuments in Bengal, C. R. Wilson : 1896.

Lives of Indian Officers, J. W. Kaye: 1867.
WORKS OF REFERENCE CONSULTED ix
Madras Civil Servants, 1780-1839, Dodwell and Miles: 1839.

Medical Officers of the E. I. Co.*s Service, 1764-1837, Dodwell and Miles 1839. :
Memorials of Old Haileybury College, F. c. Danvers and others 1894. -.
Men and Events of my Time in India, R. Temple 1882. :
Men and Women of the Time, V. G. Plarr 1897. :
Men of the Reign, T. H. Ward 1885. :
Men of the Time, T. Cooper 1875. :
Men whom India has Known, J.J. Higginbotham 1874. :
Military History of the Madras Engineers and Pioneers, The, IT. M. Vibart 1881-3. :
Modern History of the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zemindars, The, L. (ihose 1879-81. :
Mogul Empire, The, H. G. Keene 1866. :
Monumental Register, The, De Rozario 1815. :
Narrative of the War in Afghanistan in 1838-9, H. Havelock -.

1840.
New Biographical Dictionary, A, T. Cooper 1883.
New General Biographical Dictionary, A, H. J. Rose 1857. :
Nouveau Dictionnaire, Larousse.

Nouvelle Biographic Generale : i860.
Obituary Notices in the " Times."

Officers of the Indian|Army, 1760-1837, Dodwell and Miles : 1838.
Official Lists.
Oriental Biographical Dictionary, An, T. W. Beale : 1881 ; edited by H. G. Keene :
1894.
Oriental Christian Biography, W. H. Carey : 1852.
Our Indian Empire, C. Macfadane : 1844.
Panjab and Delhi in 1857, The, J. Cave-Browne: 1861.

Particular Account of the European Military Adventurers of Hindustan, A, 1784-
1803, H. Compton.
Peerage, Baronetcy and Knightage, Burke 1904. :
Pillars of the Empire, T. H. S. Escott 1879. :
Rajas and Nawabs of the N.W.P. 1877. :
Rajas of the Panjab, The, L. H. Griffin 1873. :
Report on the Old Records of the India Office, G. M. C. Birdwood : 1891.

Representative Indians, G. Paramaswaran Pillai 1902. :
Representative Men
of India, S. jehangir 1889. :
Royal Military Calendar, The, J. Philippart 1815-6. :
Rulers of India Series, The, W. W. Hunter.
Selections from Calcutta Gazettes, W. S. Seton-Karr and H. Sandeman 1864-9. :
Sepoy Generals, G. W. Forrest 1901. .
Sepoy Revolt, The, J. J. McLeod Innes 1897. :
Short Account of the Lives of the Bishops of Calcutta, A, W. C. Bromehead 1876. :
Short History of India, A, J. T. Wheeler 1889. •
Sketches of some Distinguished Anglo-Indians, W. F. B. Laurie 1887-8. :
Indian Women, Mrs. E. F. Chapman 1891. :
Story of the Nations, The the volumes of the Series relating to India.
:
The First Afghan War and its Causes, H. M. Durand : 1879.

Twelve Indian Statesmen, G. Smith 1898. :
Twelve Pioneer Missionaries, G. vSmith 1900. :
Who's Who : 1904, 1905.

ABBREVIATIONS
A.D.C.:= Aide de Camp. F.R.A.S.== Fellow V of the Royal
A.G.:= Adjutant-General. Asiatic Society.
A.A.G.== Assistant Adjutant-General. F.R.CL-- Fellow of the Royal
D.A.G.=^Deputy Adjutant-General. Colonial Institute.
'.A.A.G.== Deputy Assistant Adjutant- F.R.C.P.== Fellow of the Royal
General. College of Physicians.
A.G.G.:= Agent to the Governor- F.R.C.S.== Fellow of the Royal
General. College of Surgeons.
A.M.D.==Army Medical Depart- F.R.CV.S.== FeUow of the Royal
ment. College of Veterinary
B.A.== Bachelor of Arts. Surgeons.
B.C.S.== Bengal Civil Service. F.R.G.S.:= Fellow of the Royal
B.L.=-Bachelor of Law, or of Geographical Society.
Letters. F.R.S.== Fellow of the Royal
Bo.C.S. =
Bombay Civil Service. Society.
C.B. = Companion of the Bath. F.R.S.E.:= Fellow of the Royal
CLE. = Companion of the Indian Society of Edinburgh.
Empire. F.S.A.== Fellow of the Society of
C. iiiC.== Commander in Chief. Antiquaries.
=
C.I.^ Crown of India. F.S.A.S.== Fellow of the Society of
C.J. = Chief Justice. Antiquaries of Scotland
C.M.G. = Companion of St. Michael F.S.S.== FeUow of I the Statistical
and St. George. Society.
C.M.S. = Chm:ch Missionary F.S.S.A.:= Fellow of the [Society of
Society. Science and Art.
CO.:= Commanding Officer. =
F.Z.S.: Fellow of the Zoological
CS.I.:= Companion of the Star of Society.
India. G.CB.:= Knight Grand Cross of the
CV.O. = Commander of the Royal Bath.
Victorian Order. G.CH.== Knight Grand Cross of the
D.CL. = Doctor of Civil Law. Order of the Guelphs.
D.D. = Doctor of Divinity. G.C.I.E.:= Knight Grand Comman-
D.I.G. = Deputy Inspector-General. der of the Indian Empire.
D.L. = Deputy Lieutenant. G.C.M.G.:= Knight Grand Cross of
>» Doctor of Laws. St. Michael and St.
D.N.B. = Dictionary of National George.
Biography. G.C.S.I.: = Knight Grand Commander
D.S.O. = Distinguished Service of the Star of India.
Order. G.CV.O. = Knight Grand Cross of
E.I.Co. = East India Company. the Royal Victorian
F.G.S. = Fellow of the Geological Order.
Society. G.M.I.E. ,
= Grand Master of the
F.I.C = Fellow of Institute of Chem- Indian Empire.
istry. G.M.S.I. = Grand Master of the Star
F.I.I. = Fellow of Institute of Jour- of India.
nalists. H.B.M.:= His (or Her) Britannic
F.L.S. , = Fellow of the Linnaaan Majesty.
Society. H.E.I.CS.:= Honourable East India
F.M. = Field Marshal Company's Service.
Xll ABBREVIATIONS
H.H. = His
, Highness, or His M.R.A.S.B.== Member of the Royal
Honour. Asiatic Society of Bengal.
H.M.:= His (or Her) Majesty. N.B.== North Britain.
H..R.H.== His (or Her) Royal High- N'.L == Native Infantry.
ness. N.W.P.== North-West Provinces.
I.C.S.:= Indian Civil Service. O.U.B.C.== Oxford University Boat
I.M.S. = Indian Medical Service. Club.
=
J.A.S.B.: Journal of the Asiatic P.C.== Privy Councillor.
Society of Bengal. Ph.D.== Doctor of Philosophy.
J.P. = Justice of the Peace. P.M.O.== Principal Medical Officer.
J.R.A.S.^= Journal of the Royal =
P.W.D. Public Works Depart-
Asiatic Society. ment.
=
K.B.: Knight Bachelor or Knight Q.C.== Queen's Counsel.
Companion of the Bath. Q.M.G.== Quarter-Master-General.
K.C. =King's Counsel. A.Q.M.G.== Assistant Quarter - Master-
=
K.C.B. Knight Commander of the General.
Bath. D.A.g.M.G.== Deputy- Assistant Quarter-
K.C.H.:= Knight Commander of the Master-General.
Order of the Guelphs. D.Q.M.G.== Deputy Quarter - Master-
K.C.I.E. = Knight Commander of the General.
Indian Empire. =
q.v.^ quod vide = which see.
K.C.M.G. = Knight Commander of St. R.A.== Royal Academy.
Michael and St. George. = Royal Artillery.
K.C.S.I. = Knight Commander of the R.A.S.'j.== Royal Asiatic Society's
Star of India. Journal
K.C.V.O. = Knight Commander] of the =
R.E.= Royal Engineer.
Royal Victorian Order. R.M.A.:= Royal Military Academy.
K.G. =: Knight of the Garter. R.M.C.== Royal MiHtary College.
K.P. = Knight of St. Patrick. =
R.N.: Royal Navy.
K.T. = Knight of the Thistle. =
R.N.R.: Royal Naval Reserve.
LL.B. = Bachelor of Laws. S.P.C.K.:= Society for Promoting
LL.D.:= Doctor of Laws. Christian Knowledge.
L.M. = Licentiate in Midwifery. S.P.G.:= Society for the Propaga-
L.R.C.P. = Licentiate of the College of tion of the Gospel.
Physicians. T.C.D.:=Trinity College, Dublin.
L.S.A. = Licentiate of the College of =
U.P.: United Provinces.
Apothecaries. =
V.C.: Victoria Cross.
M.A. = Master of Arts. =
V.D.: Volunteer Decoration.
M.A.O. = Muhammadan Anglo- =
Y.M.C.A.: Young Men's Christian
Oriental. Association.
M.D. = Doctor of Medicine. Z.D.M.G.=— Zeitschrif t der Deutschen
M.I. =: Madras Infantry. Morgenlandischen
M.P. = Member of Parliament. Gesellschaft.
:
DICTIONARY
OF
INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
ABADIE, HENRY RICHARD (1841- ) Sikh war and at Sobraon in 1846 directed :
the bridge and pontoon operations

Entered the Army, 1858 served in :
C. B. retired in 1847
: Lieutenant- :
the Abyssinian campaign, 1868, and the

Governor Military
of the Addiscombe
Afghan War, 1879-80, including the
College, 1851-61 knighted, 1854 Mem- : :
capture of Kandahar commanded :
Mihtary Education, and

ber of Council of
the Eastern District, 1899-1900 Maj- :
Commissioner of National Defence died :
General C.B.: Lieutenant-Governor of

:
Nov. 4, 1892.
Jersey, 1900-4.
ABBOTT, H. EDWARD STAGEY
ABBOTT, AUGUSTUS (1804-1867) (1855- )
Born Jan. 7, 1804 : son of H. A. Abbott :

Son of General Abbott, Bengal Infantry :
brother of Sir Frederick, and Sir James A.: educated at St. Elizabeth College, Guern-
educated at Warfield, Winchester, Addis- sey, and R.M.A. Woolwich entered the :
combe : entered the Bengal Artillery, Army, 1874 served in India, in the Afghan
:
1819: served at Bhartpur in 1825-6 :

War, 1878-80 P.W.D. Panjab Hazara : ;
in 1838-9 was in the Army of the Indus, expedition 1888 Under Secretary P.W.D. :
in the march to Kandahar, and the pur- Panjab Chitral Relief

: force, 1895 :
suit to Girishk, at the siege of Ghazni, and Superintending Engineer, P. W. D. Lt.- :
the occupation of Kabul was in the :

Colonel R.E. D.S.O. :
Kohistan fighting with Sale, and under

him, on his return to Jalalabad com- ; ABBOTT, SIR JAMES (1807-1896)
manded the Artillery during the siege Brother of Sir F. Abbott born March :
of Jalalabad and the defeat of Akbar Khan 12, 1807 educated at Blackheath and
:
on April 7, 1842 commanded the Artil-

:
Addiscombe entered the Royal Artillery :
lery in Pollock's relieving Army, at Tezin in 1823 arrived in India, 1823

: served :
on Sep. 12, 1842, and the re-occupation at Bhartpur, 1825-6 in the Revenue :
of Kabul C. B. : Hony. A. D. C. to :
Survey with the Army of the Indus in
:
Governor Generals- Inspr - General of :

1838-9, to Kandahar in 1839, with :
Ordnance, 1855 retired, 1859 :Maj- :

D' Arcy Todd to Herat, and sent by him
General, i860 died Feb. 25, 1867.
:
to Khiva to negotiate with the Khan for
the release of Russian captives held by
ABBOTT, SIR FREDERICK (1805-1892)
him on the Khan's behalf crossed the
:
Brother of Sir James Abbott, and son Caspian, and went to St. Petersburg and
of Henry Alexius Abbott, a Calcutta on to England, 1840 after some political :
'
merchant born June 13, 1805 educated
: : employ, he was Commissioner of Hazara
at Warfield and Addiscombe entered : from 1845 to 1853, and held the country
Bengal Engineers, 1823 Maj-General, : against the Sikhs in the second Sikh War,
1858 : arrived in India, 1823 in the : 1848-9 his name is preserved in the
:
Burmese war of 1824-26: employed in the town of Abbottabad commanded a ;
P. W. D. and garrison-engineer at Cal- column in the Black Mountain expedi-

cutta in 1841 Chief Engineer in Pol-
: tion, 1852 C. B., 1873 K. C. B., 1894 :
: :
lock's relieving force in 1842, and at the General, 1877 retired from the Army, :
re-occupation of Kabul in the first : 1879 died Oct. 6, 1896. He was also
:
::

" a poet, antiquarian, and man of let- appointed a Deputy Magistrate in 1849 :
ters " wrote a Narrative of a Journey

; acted sometimes as Presidency Magis-
from Herat to Khiva, Moscow and St. trate Member of the Bengal Legislative
:
Petersburg, etc., and about Alexander the Council for several years, and of the
Great in the Panjab, etc. Calcutta Corporation: J. P. on the :
Central Board of Examiners Fellow of ;
ABBOTT, SAUNDERS ALEXIUS (1811- the Calcutta University on the Income :
1894) Tax Commission for Calcutta, 1861-5 :
Maj -Generalborn July 9, 1811 : : founder and secretary, from 1863, of the
son of Henry Alexius Abbott, merchant, Muhammadan Literary and Scientific
Calcutta educated privately and at
;
Society, and several otlaer public bodies :
Addiscombe joined the Bengal Infantry

;
Nawab, 1880 E. 1883 : Nawab C. I. :
in 1828 appointed, in 1836, Assistant

:
Bahadur, 1887 often consulted by :
in the Revenue Survey under Sir H Government, as the most progressive

Lawrence (q.v.) held Survey charges, : and enlightened among the Muhammadans
1838-42 present at Mudki, Dec.
: 18, of Bengal, whose interests and aspirations
1845, bringing the reserves from Kasauli he never ceased to urge died 1893. :
and Sabathu by forced marches also :
as A.D.C. to Lord Hardinge at Firoz-

ABDUL MUSSEAH, REV. ( ? -1827)
shahr dangerously wounded
; Deputy : Born at Delhi his original name was ;
Commissioner of Umbala, 1847 of : Sheikh Salih son of a learned man, a

:
Hoshiarpur, 1849 in charge there during : teacher became a Munshi at Lucknow

:
the mutiny Commissioner of Lucknow,

; to Englishmen served at the Oudh:
1858-63 Brevet-Major,
; 1846 Hon. ; Court, and was
a trooper under the
A.D.C. to Governor-Generals, until he Mahrattas he turned to Christianity on
:
retired Sep. 1864 after retirement was : hearing preaching at Cawnpur, and was
Agent of the Sind, Panjab, and Delhi baptized at Calcutta by Rev. D. Brown
railway at Lahore for years, and after- {q.v.) in 181 1, receiving his name Abdul
wards on the Home Board of Direction : Musseah ; became in 1812 a catechist of
died at Brighton, Feb. 7, 1894. the C.M.S., a teacher and preacher and
writer of commentaries on Scriptxure,
ABDUL HAK, SIRDAR DILER JUNG making converts about 1820 he received :
UL MULK (1863-96) Lutheran ordination, and undertook Mis-

Son of a small hereditary chieftain in sionary work, remaining at Agra till 1825 :
theDekkan joined the Bombay Govern-

: ordained by Bishop Heber as minister of
ment service before he was 20 in the : the Established Church at Calcutta, 1825 :
police, captured a dangerous dakait died March 4, 1827.

made C. I. E. joined the Hyderabad:
service Sir Salar J ung sent him to Eng-

:
ABEL, CLARKE (1780-1826)
land to obtain an alteration in the guaran- Physician to Lord Macartney on the
tee which the Nizam had given on his mission to China, and, as naturalist,
State railway for effecting this, he was
: made extensive collections, which were
handsomely rewarded was given a : lost: also physician to Lord Amherst,
mining monopoly in the Nizam's state, when Governor-General died in India, :
from which he made a personal profit of Nov. 24, 1826.

nearly a quarter of a million but, after :
the publication of the facts in 1888, he ABERCROMBY, SIR JOHN (1772-1817)

suffered political downfall at Hyderabad :
Son of Sir Ralph Abercromby : born
and strove in vain to regain his position 1772 entered the Army, 1786 served in
: :
in the Nizam's service died May, 1896. :

Flanders, W. Indies, and as' Military Secre-
tary to his father in Egypt seized in
ABDUL LATIF, NAWAB BAHADUR 1803 and imprisoned by Napoleon, to
:
(1828-1893)
1808 C. in C, Bombay, 1809
: in com- :
Son of a leading pleader in the Sadr mand of the expedition for the captiure
Diwani Court at Calcutta born, March, : ?iMauritius, 1810 C. in C, and tempo- :
1828 educated at the Calcutta Madrasa

: : rary Governor at Madras, May 21, 18 13,
entered Government service in 1846 until Sep. 16, 1814 Lt-General, 1812 : :
K.C.B., 1814 M.P. for Clackmannan,
: sympathetic humour, his " suspicion of
1815 G.C.B., 1816
: died Feb. 14, 1817. : cynicism which is the soul of modern
pathos," his freedom from maUce, his
ABERCROMBY, SIR ROBERT (1740- command of style and language, the keen
1827) edge and truth of his criticisms, his grasp
Younger brother
of Sir Ralph entered : and range, took the pubUc by storm a :
the Army
1758 served in North
in : distinguished literary
career lay before
America till the peace in 1763 and again, : him, when he died, Jan. 12, 1881, from
from 1776 to 1783, throughout the war tetanus, caused by a chill caught at lawn-
to the capitulation of Yorktown went : tennis he was also an ardent sportsman,
:
to India 1788, and, in 1790, was Governor and lover of birds and animals.
of Bombay and C. in C. there Maj- :
General, 1790. After operations on the ABRAHAMS, LIONEL (1869- )
Malabar coast, he joined Lord Cornwallis Educated at City of London School :
in attacking and defeating Tippoo at scholar of Balliol College, Oxford Arnold :
Seringapatam in 1792 K. B. succeeded : :

Prize entered the India Office 1893
: :
Lord Cornwallis as C. in C. in India, Assistant Financial Secretary, 1901:

Oct. 1793, being at the same time Member Financial Secretary, 1902 contributed :
of the Supreme Council till Feb. 1797 : to^the Dictionary of Political Economy.
he defeated the Rohillas at Batina in
Rohilkund in 1794 Lt-General in 1797 : : ADAM, SIR FREDERICK ( ? -1853)
M.P. for Clackmannan County in 1798 : Governor son of Right Hon. William
:
Governor of Edinburgh Castle, 1801 :

Adam entered the Army, 1795 in the
: :
General, 1802 died Nov. 1827.

:
Guards, 1799 in Egypt, 1 800-1 in
: :
Sicily and Spain A.D.C. to the Prince :
ABERIGH MACKAY, GEORGE •

Regent Maj -General : commanded a
ROBERT (1848-1881) Brigade at Waterloo
:
K. C. B. Lord : :
Born July 25, 1848 son of Rev. Dr. :

High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands,
James Aberigh-Mackay, Chaplain in Ben- 1824-6 G.C.M.G. P.C, 1831 Governor
: : :
gal educated privately in Scotland, at

:
of Madras, 1832-7 G.C.B., 1840 Colonel : :
Magdalen College School, Oxford, and of the 57th and 21st regts. General, :
St. Catherine's College, Cambridge en- :

1846 died Aug. 17, 1853.
:
tered the Education Department at

Bareli in the N. W. P., 1870 Professor :
ADAM, JOHN (1779-1826)
of English Literature at the Delhi College, Son of Right Hon. W. Adam born :
1873 Tutor to the Raja of Ratlam,

: May 4, 1779. educated at Charterhouse
Central India, and Principal of the College and Edinburgh University writer in :
there, 1876 Principal of the Rajkumar

: the E. I. Co.'s service, reached Calcutta,
College at Indore, 1877 Fellow, Calcutta : .Feb. 1796 three years at Patna
: head :
University, 1880 wrote a number of

: assistant in the judicial-revenue Secre-
educational works also Notes on Western : tariat in May, 1802, was Head of the
:
Turkistan, a Hand-book of Hindustan, a " Governor-General's office " in 1804, :
Manual of Indian Sport, Native Chiefs Deputy Secretary in the Secret and Poli-
and their States, The sovereign Princes and tical Departments in 1809, Secretary :
Chiefs of Central India at one time wrote : in the Military Department in 1812, :
largely for the Pioneer, and constantly Secretary in the Secret, Foreign and
for other English and Indian papers, Political Departments Private Secretary :
including letters in the Bombay Gazette in 1 817 and Political Secretary to the
under the nom de plume " The Political Marquis of Hastings, whom he accom-
Orphan " but his best work was his
: panied during the Mahratta-Pindari war,
Twenty-one Days in India, being the Tour greatly influencing his policy of estab-
of Sir Ali Baba, a series of sketches of lishing the British supremacy was " the :
Indian life and society which appeared very able and very conservative " Mem-
in Vanity Fair in 1878-9, and were after- ber of the Supreme Council, 1819-25 :
wards published together. For brilliant opposed the liberty of the Press as un-
wit, his work has not been approached suited to India, and the financial transac-
in modern days in India. His bright and tions of Palmer & Co with the Nizam :
:: "

acted as Governor General from Lord ADAMS, REV. JAMES WILLIAMS
Hastings' departure in Jan. until Lord (1840-1903)
Amherst's arrival in Aug., 1823 :
Educated at Trinity College, Dublin:
adopted a strong and active policy a :
ordained, 1863 on the Bengal Ecclesi- :
Regulation was passed, in April, 1823, astical Establishment, 1868-1887: chosen,

to curb the public Press under it, John :
1879, to be Chaplain to the Kabul Field
Silk Buckingham, who had established Force was at Charasia and other engage-
:
the Calcutta Journal and criticised Govern- ments, and in Lord Roberts' march from
ment, satirically commenting upon an Kabul to Kandahar won the Victoria :
appointment made by Government, was —

Cross the only clergyman who ever
deprived of his licence and deported to gained —in
the Chardeh valley, near
it
England. The Court of Directors ap- Kabul, Dec. 1879 in
first saved a :
proved Adam's policy, and the Privy wounded man of the 9th Lancers, by
Council concurred. Adam was the first dismounting and supporting him imtil
to grant public money, a lakh of rupees a relieved he then, up to his waist in water,
;
year, in native education

support of and under a heavy fire from the Afghans
devoted town duties to public works within a few yards, by sheer strength
increased civil judicial establishments dragged out two more men of the same
added four regiments to the Bengal regiment from under their horses in a
Army was given a renewed term as
:
ditch. He also saw service as Chaplain
Member of Council he died at sea, off :
in Burma. On his retirement, in 1887,
Madagascar, June 4, 1825. His picture, he was appointed Rector of Postwick,
by Chinnery, is in the Town Hall, Cal- Norfolk died at Ashwell Rectory near
;
cutta, and a tablet to his memory is in Ockham, on Oct. 20, 1903, " Padre
St. John's Church there, testifying to his Adams, as he was called, had immense
merits. influence with the British soldier, who
adored him. He was Chaplain in Ordinary
ADAM, WILLIAM PATRICK (1823-
to H.M., 1901.
1881)
Governor : son of Admiral Sir Charles ADAMS, SIR JOHN WORTHINGTON
Adam, K.C.B. born 1823 educated at : :
(1764-1837)
Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge : Entered the Army 1780 fought :
B.A. called to the bar by the Inner

: under Sir R. Abercromby {q. v.) against
Temple, 1849 Private Secretary to Lord
: the Rohillas : was at the capture of
Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay, 1853- Seringapatam, 1799 : commanded his
58 M.P. for Clackmannan and Kinross,
: regt. in 1809, on active service in Central
1859-80 Lord of the Treasury, 1865-6,
: India : held commands in
C. B., 1815 :
and 1868-73 • First Commissioner of Kumaon, Nagpur, the Dekkan took :
Works in 1873, and Privy Councillor Chanda in 1818, was at Bhartpur in 1826 :
'
Whip Liberal party, 1874-80,
' of the commanded the Sirhind Division, May,
and Governor of Madras, Dec. 20, 1880 : 1828 :Maj-General 1830 Colonel of the :
died at Ootacamund May 24, 1881 his : 1 6th Bengal, N.I. K. C. B. died March 9, : :
eldest son was created a Baronet in recog- 1837, at Sabathu.

nition of his father's public services :
his widow was given the rank of a ADAMS, THOMAS ( ? -1764)

Baronet's widow and made a member of Major : an
the school of officer of
the Order of the Crown of India. Clive in 1763 succeeded to a command
:
in Bengal defeated Mir Kasim, Nawab

:
ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH ( ? -1882)

of Bengal, performing splendid exploits
NaturaUst, Army-Surgeon and Sur- during the campaign he started, just :
geon-Major from 1848 to 1873 Professor : after a British reverse, with a few English
of Zoology at Dublin, and of Natural veterans and a handful of sepoys de- :
History at Cork wrote Wanderings of : feated one of the Nawab's Generals at

a Naturalist in India, and The Western Katwa : marched on Murshidabad and
Himalayas and Cashmere : F. G. S. : occupied it won a briUiant victory at
:
F. R. S. and LL.D. of : Aberdeen : died Gheria dislodged the enemy from their
:
in Aug. 1882. position of great strength at the pass of

"

Udwanala took Monghyr : marched : Russia remained for 10 years at Samar-
:
on Patna, and took it by assault, though kand. In 1880 he watched events from
he was so broken down by illness that he Balkh, and, when Yakub Khan abdicated
could scarcely retain his command. Mir and was sent to India, negotiations were
Kasim had fled from Patna on the ap- opened with Abdur Rahman, who pro-
proach of the English Adams pursued : ceeded to Charikar, was recognised as
him as far as the boundary of Oudh : Amir of Kabul by the British Govern-
he then handed over the command to ment in July, 1880, and finally nominated
Knox and died, worn out, Jan. i6, 1764. Amir on Aug. 10 : he
subsequently
occupied Kandahar when evacuated by
ADYE,SIR JOHN MILLER (1891-1900) the British forces, lost it to his uncle
Born Nov. 18 19, son of Major J. P. i, Ayub Khan {q.v.) in 1881, but personally
Adye, R.A. entered the Royal Artillery
: recovered it from Ayub in Sep. 1881 :
in Dec. 1836 in the Crimea as Brig- : established his power throughout Afghan-
Major to the Artillery ; Brevet-Lt- istan, and had frontier disputes with
Colonel, 1854, and C. B. through the : Russia :visited the Viceroy, Lord Duf-
mutiny as A.A.G. for Royal Artillery : ferin, at Rawul Pindi, March, 1885, to
with General Windham at Cawnpur and discuss Afghan affairs, and was then
at the defeat of the Gwalior contingent, made G.C.S.I. At the time of the Penjdeh
Dec. 6, 1857 commanded the R.A. in : incident with Russia, in April, 1885, he
Madras in 1859 D.A.G. of Artillery in : showed great forbearance. He had to
India, 1863 in the Sitana (Umbeyla)
; repress risings in various parts of the
campaign Director of Artillery at the
: kingdom defeated his cousin Ishak,
:
War Office, 1870 to the Crimea in 1872, : Governor of Turkistan. In 1893 he

to report on the British cemeteries and received Sir M. Durand's mission to
monuments Governor of R.M.A. Wool-
: settle a number of frontier questions,
wich, 1875 wrote largely on the ques-
: which at times had nearly led to hostili-
tion of the Russians in Central Asia ties with the British. He ruled with a
and on Afghanistan, opposing a forward rod of iron. GC.B., 1895 disappointed
:
policy Surveyor-General of Ordnance,

: at not being allowed to have a diplomatic
1880 : Chief of the Staff to Lord Wolseley agent resident in London, for which he
in the Egyptian campaign, 1882 Gov- : asked through his son Nasrulla, in 1895.
ernor of Gibraltar, 1883-1886 K.C.B. : During his reign he employed English
in 1873 Commander of the Legion of
: firms and experts to work for him at
Honour, 1874 G.C.B. in 1882, and the : Kabul, and greatly strengthened his
Order of the Medjidie General, Nov. : kingdom and military power, but main-
20, 1884 died Aug. 26, 1900. He wrote
: tained the traditional Afghan policy of
on India, viz.. The Defence of Cawnpur^ keeping foreigners in general out of his
Sitana, a Mountain Campaign, Indian country in an autobiography he showed
:
Frontier History, and an autobiography. his confidence in the British alliance he :
died Oct. 3, 1901.

AFGHANISTAN, ABDUR RAHMAN,
AMIR OF (1844-1901) AFGHANISTAN, DOST MUHAMMAD
Son of Afzal Khan, and grandson of KHAN, AMIR OF (1791-1863)
the Amir Dost Muhammad confirmed : Twentieth son of Payinda Khan
by Shir Ali, in 1863, in a government in (executed 1799), who was chief of the
Turkistan took part in the civil war
: Barakzais, and brother of Fateh Khan,
between his father and his uncle Shir Ali the Barakzai " Mayor of the Palace
{q.v.)
: escaped to Bokhara when his of Mahmud Shah, of the Abdalis, or
father was imprisoned in 1864 collected : Duranis. As the result of the fighting
a force and defeated Shir Ali at Shekhabad among the members of the Durani and
in May, 1866, and recovered Kabul for Barakzai families from the time of Payinda
his father on the latter's death, in 1867,
: Khan, Dost Muhammad established
became C. in C. to his uncle Muhammad himself in 1822-3 iii Kabul, Kashmir hav-
Azim retired to Balkh he was defeated
: : ing been lost to the Sikhs in 1819, Herat
at Tinak Khan, by Yakub on behalf of and Peshawar not being in his power.
Shir Ali, on Jan. 3, 1869, and made for He defeated Shah Shuja, the Sadazai or,
Bokhara, receiving an allowance from Durani, late Amir, at Kandahar in 1833 :
::

but lost Peshawar to the Sikhs in 1834 : in 1869. Shir Ali returned disappointed
styled himself Amir in 1833. In 1837 from the darbar, and showed resentment
Burnes was sent on an embassy to Kabul, at the failure of his requests and his subse-
to oppose Persian designs on Herat quent treatment by the British Govern-
Dost Muhammad was found to be intri- ment in 1873 he sent an envoy, Saiyad
:
guing with Russia, and a Russian Envoy Nur Muhammad, to India, to make cer-
appeared at Kabul
Lord Auckland's
: tain proposals, which were not accepted :
Government decided to depose Dost negotiations took place in 1877 between

Muhammad and reinstate Shah Shuja the envoy and Sir L. Pelly, on behalf of
as Amir on the approach of the British
: the Governor-General, Lord Lytton, but
force in 1839 Dost Muhammad fled to were fruitless. Abdullah Jan, named
Bokhara, but escaped, advanced on in 1873 as his heir, died in 1877. In 1878
Kabul, made a stand at Bajgah, but was Shir Ali was found to have received, at
defeated and fled again after a success : Kabul, a Russian mission under General
against the English at Parwandarra, he Stolietoff he stopped Sir Neville Cham-
:
surrendered, Nov. 3, 1840, to the Eng- berlain's mission at Ali Masjid, and the
lish envoy and was sent down to Cal- second Afghan war ensued. On the
cutta :at the end of the first Afghan approach of the British forces. Shir Ali
war, in 1842, he returned to Kabul and fled from Kabul and died at Mazar-i-
resumed his reign in the Panjab cam-
: Sharif, in Afghan Turkistan, on Feb. 21,
paign of 1848-9, he sent assistance to the 1879.
Sikhs he concluded the treaty of Pesha-
:
war with the Governor-General in March, AGA ALI SHAH ( ? -1886)

1855, by which the independence of
Like his father, Aga Khan, the spiritual
Afghanistan was recognised and a sub- :
head of the Khoja community, from whom

sidy was given to him, under an agreement
he received tribute in Asia and Africa :
made in Jan. 1857 he regained Kanda-
:
best known to Englishmen as a keen
har in Jan. 1856 remained quiet and
:
sportsman, a strong supporter of the turf :

staunch to the British during the mutiny :
Member of the Bombay Legislative Coun-

established his power throughout Afghanis-
cil succeeded by his son, Aga Sultan
tan, capturing Herat, May 27, 1863
:
:
died at Herat, June 9, 1863 was a :

Muhammad Shah died in 1885. :
strong ruler, and leader of men, but cruel

and unscrupulous.
AGA KHAN (1800-1881)
The venerable spiritual head of the
AFGHANISTAN, SHIR ALI, AMIR OF Khoja community, of Shia Muhamma-
(1820-1879) dans descendant of the mysterious and
:
Fifth son of Dost Muhammad {q.v.), dreaded " old man of the mountains " :
whom he accompanied in exile to India :

claimed to be descended from Ali and
succeeded him on his death, at Herat, in Fatima fled from Persia 40 years before
:
1863, being recognised by the Government his death, after an attempt to gain the
of India civil war ensued between him
:
Persian throne, at which his family aimed :
and his brothers. He lost his eldest son, assisted the British with his light horse
Muhammad Ali, in the battle of Kajhbaz, in the Afghan war, 1842 received :
in when he defeated his brother

1865, Rs. 1,000 a month as pension resided a :
Muhammad Amir and took Kandahar short time in Calcutta, and then 30 years
lost Kabul to his nephew, Abdur Rahman :
in Bombay, holding his court in grand
imprisoned, 1864, his brother Afzal, who style, and taking a leading part in turf
regained his freedom after the battle of and sporting matters the keenest racing :
Shekhabad in May, 1866, was proclaimed man in India exercised almost absolute
:
Amir, but died 1867. Shir Ali at one control over his subjects, " a king without
time had lost Kabul and Kandahar, but, a territory," the annual tribute from his
having recovered Kabul from his brother followers amounting to a lakh of rupees :
Muhammad Azam, defeated Abdur Rah- died April 12, 1881.
man {q. v.), son of Afzal, on Jan. 3, 1869,
drove him out and was recognised as
AGA SULTAN MUHAMMAD SHAH
(1875- )
Amir by the Government of India. Lord
Mayo received him in darbar at Umbala Born 1875 : Aga Khan: succeeded his
:

Aga Ali Shah, as head of Ismaili Mu-
father, AHMAD KHAN, SIR SYAD, KHAN
hammadans has many religious followers
: BAHADUR (1817-1898)
in East Africa, Central Asia and India :
Educational reformer born Oct. 17, :
attended the Coronation (1902) as guest 1 81 7,at Delhi, of a noble family his :
of the English nation K.C.I.E. 1898 : :

ancestors came into India from Central
G.C.I. E. 1902 Member of the Governor
:
Asia, and held high office under the Mogul
General's Legislative Council: has the Emperors he entered Government ser-
:
Zanzibar and Prussian Orders. vice in 1837 and rose to be a subordinate

Judge in the N.W.P. In the mutiny he
AGNEW, PATRICK ALEXANDER rendered faithful service to the British at
VANS (1822-1848) Bijnur, saving their lives he wrote a :
I.C.S. : Lt.-Colonel P. Vans

son of pamphlet in Urdu on the causes of the
Agnew, a Director of the E.I. Co educated :
mutiny. He was devoted to antiquarian
at Haileybury arrived in India in 1841
: :
research and was a Member of the Royal
Assistant to the Superintendent of the Asiatic Society in 1864 he formed a
:
Cis-Satlaj States, and at Sobraon in 1846 :

Translation Society at Ghazipur (after-
after political work connected with wards moved to Alighar) and had several
Kashmir was assistant to the British valuable English works translated into
Urdu. He visited England in 1869, and
Resident at Lahore was sent in 1848 :
with Lt. Anderson to Multan, to introduce left hisson (afterwards Mr. Justice Mah-
both a change in the personnel of the native mud of the Allahabad High Court), to
Government and new fiscal arrangements :
be educated at Cambridge. He wrote a
reply to Sir W. W. Hunter's work on
they were treacherously attacked on
April 20, 1848, wounded and subsequently The Indian Musalmans are they bound —
in Conscience to Queen ?
rebel against the
murdered by Mulraj's retainers, with his
knowledge this outrage led to the second
:
In 1876 he retired from Government
Sikh War of 1848-9, after which the service, and in 1877 commenced the Anglo-
Panjab was annexed. Oriental College at Alighar. He was a
Member of the Legislative Council, N.W.P.
and an Additional Member of the Governor
AGNEW, SIR WILLIAM FISCHER General's Legislative Council, 1 878-1 882 :
(1847-1903)
was made a K.C.S.I. in 1888 a :
Son of General Agnew, of the Indian man of extreme courtesy combined with
Staff Corps : called to the bar at Lin- personal dignity to his College he
:
coln's Inn, 1870 : joined the bar of the devoted his whole energy and means
Calcutta High Court edited, from 1877, :
died March 27, 1898 wrote ArchcBolo- :
the Indian Law Reports, Calcutta : was gical History of Delhi 1847 F.R.A.S. :
Law Lecturer, Presidency College, 1879 : 1864.

Recorder of Rangoon, 1884— 1900, officia-
ting in 1885-6 as a Judge of the Calcutta
AHMAD SHAH ABDALI, or DURANI
( ? -1772)
High Court knighted, 1899: retired :
in 1900 edited several books on Indian

:
Son an Afghan chief of the tribe of
of
Law: died Dec. 26, 1903. Abdal, near Herat held a command under:
Nadir Shah after whose death, in i747»

:
AHLIA BAI ? -1795) he attacked the Persians, seized Kandahar,

(
Kabul and Lahore in 1748 he attacked :
Wife Khandi Rao Holkar, (who died

of the Moguls in Hindustan returned to :
i754),son of Malhar Rao Holkar, of Indore. Kabul, but, in 1757, came down on Delhi
On the latter's death, in 1765, Mali Rao, and Agra, plundered Mathura and re-
son of Khandi and Ahlia, succeeded to turned to Kandahar about 1758, in :
the throne, but died in 9 months. Then response to an invitation from India, he
Ahlia assumed the government, chose advanced against the Mahrattas, then in
Takaji Holkar as her minister, and ruled great power, and defeated them at Panipat,
till her death in 1795. She transacted Jan. 1761 returned to Kabul
: again :
business daily, unveiled, in open darbar invaded India in 1767 returned to :
from 2 p.m had great ability and charac-

: Afghanistan with little success, but some
ter, was deeply rehgious, and governed plunder died 1772, succeeded by his
:
admirably. second son, Timtu: Shah.

AHMAD, SYAD ( ? ) War of 1878-80. He was Chief Com-
missioner of British Burma from March,
Of Bareli a horseman under Amir
:
1878, to July, 1 880; Lieutenant-Governor

Khan went to Delhi, became a
(q.v.) :
Member of the
of the Panjab, 1882-87 ;
disciple Shah Abdul Aziz, a famous
of
Supreme Council from April, 1887. to Nov.
devotee there became a religious teacher
:
1888 also President of the important

:
and reformer, aiming at the restoration of
Public Service Commission in 1887-88 :
pure Muhammadanism went to Calcutta

K.C.S.I. in 1881, CLE. in 1882
:
also :
in 1821 : to Mecca, 1822 : to Bombay,

LL.D. of Edinburgh and honorary M.A.
1823 wrote the Incitement to Religious
:
War, and opened a jihad against the Sikhs

of Oxford. He compiled the first edition
of the Treaties, Engagements and
in 1826 was killed in battle, and the
:
work of
Sunnuds, an authoritative
movement terminated.
reference, always quoted under his name :
wrote also The Native States of India, and

AINSLIE, WHITELAW (1766-1836)
Lord Lawrence in the Rulers of India
Joined the E. I. Go's medical service in series he died at Oxford Feb. 18, 1896.
:
1788, and served in Madras in 1810 he :
was made Superintending Surgeon, and AITKEN, EDWARD HAMILTON

retired in 1815 he wrote on cholera, :
(1851- ;
fever, the Materia Medica of Hindostan, Sonof the Rev. J ames Aitken, mission-
Materia Indica, and similar subjects :
ary. Free Church of Scotland passed :
died April 29, 1836, the B.A. and M.A. examinations of the
Bombay University at the head of the
AIREY, SIR JAMES TALBOT (1812- list Latin reader in the Dekkan College,
:
1898) 1880-6 entered the Customs and Salt

:
Son of Lt-General Sir George Airey, Department writes under the name of :
and brother of Lord Airey born Sep. :

E. H. A. author of Tribes on my Frontier,
:
6, 1812 entered the Army in 1830

: in :
Behind the Bungalow, The Naturalist on
1841 he accompanied General Elphinstone the Prowl, Five Windows of the Soul,
{q.v.) to Kabul as his A. D. C. in Dec. :

Common Birds of Bombay Chief Collector :
he was one of the hostages given up to of Customs, Karachi.

Akbar Khan they were released in Sep.
AITKEN, ROBERT HOPE MONCRIEFF
:
1842 : was present under McCaskill {q.v.)

( ? -1887)
at Istalif in the Gwalior campaign in
:
1843 at Punniar
: served in the Guards :
Of the 13th Bengal N.I. served in the :
in the Crimea C.B. Colonel, 1859 : : :

Panjab campaign, 1848-9 in the mutiny, :
Lt-General and K.C.B. in 1877 retired :

at Lucknow, in the operations before
as General in 1881": died Jan. i, 1898. Cawnpiur, and in the Oudh campaign,
1858 gained the V.C. for acts of gallantry
:
AITCHISON, SIR CHARLES UMPHER- during the defence of the Lucknow

STON (1832-1896) Residency Inspr-General of Police in :
Oudh Colonel 1876 died Sep. 18, 1887-

: :
I.C.S. : born May 20, 1832,

son of
Hugh Aitchison, of Edinburgh educated :
AITKEN, WILLIAM (1846-
at the High School and University there :
and at the University of Halle passed : Son of James Aitken, of Falkirk, N.B.,
in the first competitive examination, educated at Edinburgh Academy and
while Haileybury was being abolished ar- : Heidelberg entered the Royal Artillery, :
rived in India in 1856 he narrowly escaped : 1867, Captain in 1878 in Afghan war, :
the massacre of Emropeans at Hissar in 1878-80 in the Mahsud Waziri expedi-

:
1857 was Under Secretary in the Foreign

: tion, 1 881 Major, 1884 served in the
: :
Department of the Government of India, Burma expedition, 1885-87 Brevet :
1859-65, and, after some executive work, Lt-Colonel in the Chitral Relief Force, :
was Foreign Secretary, 1868-78. Sharing, 1895 C.B. :Brevet Colonel, 1897 served : :
as he did, the views of Lord Lawrence on with the Malakand Field Force, and in
questions of Central Asian and Afghan the Mohmand and Buner expeditions,
policy, he was strongly opposed to the 1897-8: commanded the Mountain Artil-
measures which led to the second Afghan lery, Rawul Pindi, Panjab, till 1899 :
:

A.D.C. to his Majesty : and Colonel on in 1893 K.C.I.E.
: was very learned in:
the Staff, commanding R.A., Scottish Hindu Law and a soimd English lawyer,
District since 1899. somewhat timid in coming to a decision :
died Jan. 25, 1895.

AIYAR, SIR SHESHADRI (1846-1901)
Son of a Brahman of Palghat in the

AJUDHIA NATH PANDIT (1840-1892)
District of Malabar : educated at the A Kashmiri Brahman born April 8, :
Provincial Schoolthe at Calicut and 1840 : his father,Kedar Nath, was a

Presidency College in Madras entered : merchant at Agra and for some time
the Government service as translator in Diwan to the Nawab of Jaflfhar edu- :
the Collector's office at Calicut trans- : cated at the Agra College in 1862 joined :
ferred in 1868 to Mysore under Ranga the bar. When the seat of Government
Charlu (q.v.). In 13 years he filled various was moved from Agra to Allahabad ,he
subordinate offices until the rendition of migrated there in 1869 Professor of Law
:
the State to its ruler in 1881 then he : at Agra very successful as a pleader,
:
became Personal Assistant to Runga and amassed a fortune continued his :
Charlu, whom he succeeded as Diwan in studies in Persian and Arabic became :
1883. For 17 years he laboured assidu- a member of the N.W.P. Legislative

ously to promote the economic and Council ; Fellow of the Calcutta and
industrial development of the State. He Allahabad Universities a prominent ;
began with a debt of 30 lakhs and left member of the National Congress in 1888,
with a surplus of 176 lakhs. In railway, and afterwards became Joint General
irrigation,and mining works immense Secretary a man of strong individu-
:
progress was made during his adminis- ality died Jan. 11, 1892.
:
tration his unpopularity was due

: to
hisshowing preference in his appointments AKBAR KHAN ( ? -1849)
to " outsiders " over natives of the State :
Eldest son of Dost Mahammad (q.v.),
a high - principled and accomplished the Amir of Afghanistan distinguished :
statesman received a handsome bonus

:
himself against the Sikhs, and took an
of 4 lakhs on his retirement in 1900: active part in the insurrection in Kabul
made C.S.I, in 1887, K.C.S.I. in 1893 :
in 1841 against Shah Shuja, the Amir and
Fellow of the Madras University died :
the British forces at the conference to
:
Sep. 13, 1901. which the envoy. Sir W. H. Macnaghten,

was invited on Dec. 23, 1S41, outside
AIYAR, SIR TIRUVARUR MUTU- Kabul, he treacherously murdered Mac-
SAWMY (1832-1895) naghten the British hostages, including
:
Born Jan. 1832 of a poor but

28, :
women and children, were given over to
respectable family in the Tanjore Dis- him, when the British army retreated
trict his father died when he was young,
:
from Kabul and was destroyed, in Jan.,
and his mother had not the means to 1842, by the Afghans and the climate he :
educate him began life as assistant to a

:
treated them chivalrously he attacked :
village accountant in 1846, Tahsildar :

Sale's garrison near Jalalabad, but was
Mutusawmy Naik was struck with his beaten off on April 7, 1842, by a force
intelligence, and sent him to the Madras under Havelock he was again routed, in
:
High School. He was a favourite pupil Aug., 1842, at Tezin by the relieving
of E. B. Powell {q.v.) after serving for a :
force under General Pollock he died :
time in the Tanjore District, was appointed 1849, in Kabul, after the restoration of
a Deputy Inspector of Schools in 1856 :
Dost Muhammad.
and, later. District Munsif of Tranque-
bar :in 1859, Deputy Collector of Tan-
ALCOCK, ALFRED WILLIAM
jore in 1865, Sub- Judge of S. Canara
:
(1859- )
:
in 1868, Police Magistrate at Madras: Educated MUl HUl, Blackheath,

at
passed the B.L. degree at the University, Westminster, and Aberdeen University
and became a Judge of the Small Cause Assistant Professor of Zoology, Aberdeen
Coiurt in 1878, CLE. and Judge of the
: University, 1883-85 joined the Indian :
High Court, where he remained for 15 Medical Service, 1885 served in the :
years acting as Chief Justice for 3 months

; Panjab Frontier Force Surgeon Natura- :
-:
lO DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

list tothe Marine Survey of India on ALISON, SIR ARCHIBALD, BARONET
board the Investigator, 1888-1892 Super- : (1826- )
intendent of the Indian Museum and

General son of Sir. A. A., the historian
: :
Professor of Zoology in the Medical College,

born Jan. 21, 1826 educated at Glasgow :
Calcutta, since 1893 CLE. author of : :

entered
and Edinburgh Universities
A Naturalist in Indian Seas and numerous :
the Army in 1846 served in the Crimea ;

:
zoological monographs Major. :

in the Indian mutiny he was Military
Secretary to Sir Colin Campbell, then
ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES ( ? - ? )
C. in C. in India lost his arm at the
;
Entered the Bengal Artillery, 1820 at : relief of Lucknow in Nov., 1857 : made
capture of Bhartpur, 1825-6 commanded : C.B. :served in the Ashanti expedition
the Artillery under Pollock in Afghanistan, in 1873-4 made K.C.B. and later G.C.B.
: :
1842 forced the Khyber Pass, at Tezin

: Commandant of the Staff College, 1877 :
and Kabul in the Gwalior campaign,

: Head of the Intelligence Department,
at Maharajpur, 1843 in the Satlaj cam- : 1878-8 in the Egyptian campaign of
:
paign, 1845-6, at Badiwal,Aliwal, Sobraon: 1882, commanded at Alexandria, and the

C.B. : K.C.B., 1871 General, -872 : Highland Brigade at Tel-el- Kebir in : C
retired, 1887' C. in Egypt, 1882-3 commanded the :
Aldershot Division from 1883 Adjutant :
ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD General, 1888 retired from the Army,
:
(1803-1885) 1893 : member of the Council of India,

1 889-1 899 wrote a number of articles in
:
Born Oct. son of Edward 16, 1803 :

Blackwood'' s Magazine.
Alexander, of Powis educated at Edin- :
burgh, Glasgow and the R.M.C., Sand- ALIVERDI KHAN (1676P-1756)

hurst to Madras as a cadet in 1820
: :
Adjutant of the bodyguard to Sir Thomas Nawab Nazim Bengal, Bihar and of
Munro, and served in the Burmese war of Orissa son of Mirza Muhammad, a
:
1824 left the E. I. Co.'s army in 1825,

:
Turkoman employed at Delhi entered :
but saw much active service, with the the service of Nawab Shujauddin, governor
Persian army, in the Balkans, Portugal, of Orissa (son-in-law of Nawab Murshid
S. Africa, Canada, the Crimea, New Kali J afar Khan) as a commander of

troops in 1726, J afar Khan died, Shu-
Zealand employed on Government expedi-
:
:
tions in exploring and surveying jauddin succeeded him as Nawab Nazim,

in Central
Africa and New Brunswick, for which he and Aliverdi Khan became General of
was knighted took a leading part in the :
the Imperial troops in 1729 he was :
removal of 'Cleopatra's Needle' to England,

appointed Governor of Bihar by Nawab
1867-77 made C.B. in 1873, retired as
:
Shujauddin, and, later, became free from
Lt-General, and became General in 1881 :
any dependence on the Nizam of Bengal
died April 2, 1885 in 1739 Shujauddin died, and was suc-
wrote Travels from :
India to England by way of Burma, Persia, ceeded by his son, Sarfaraz Khan, Aliverdi
Turkey, etc., 1827, and other works continuing to be governor of Bihar in :
was :
Knight Commander of the Lion and 1740 Aliverdi quarrelled with the Nawab
Sun Sarfaraz, defeated and killed him in battle
: F.R.S. Edinburgh F.R.G.S. : :
F.R.A.S. F.S.S.A. :
and seized the Nizamat he was known :
in Bengal as Muhabat Jang. From

1 74 1 the Mahrattas invaded Bengal, and
ALI IBRAHIM KHAN, NAWAB their leader, Bhashkar Pandit, was in-
( r -1793 ?)
veigled by Aliverdi to a conference, and
Of Patna " Daroga " of the Court at :
treacherously killed the Mahratta raids :
Benares, that is. President of the tribunal spread consternation throughout Bengal,
there, in the time of Warren Hastings' and, after fighting with them up to 1751,
Governorship besides a number of com- :
Aliverdi made peace by ceding Orissa
positions, he compiled the Gulzar-i to them and agreeing to an annual pay-
Ibrahim, described as an anthological ment of 12 lakhs of rupees. Aliverdi
biography of Hindustani poets, written allowed the English to protect themselves
1772-1784 he had a poetical name,
:
in 1742, by digging the Mahratta ditch
Khatil died 1793 or 1794.
:
round the Company's territory to stop the
:
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY II
Mahratta raids. In 1753 he adopted his Malleson's Red Pamphlet at the time of the
grandson, Surajuddaula, and declared mutiny.
him his successor. On April 9, 1756,
Aliverdi died at the age of 80, at Mur- ALLEN, SIR GEORGE WILLIAM
(1831-1900)
shidabad.
Son James Allen
of founder of the :
ALLARD, JEAN FRANCOIS (1785-1839) Pioneer and Civil and Military Gazette,- the
General born in France, March 8,
:
first daily newspapers published elsewhere
1785 :served in the French Cavalry from than in the Presidency towns in India :
1803 : in Italy A.D.C. to Marshal :

promoted private enterprise CLE., :
Brune after Waterloo, went to Persia ;

:
1879 : K.C.I.E., 1897 died Nov. 4. :
thence through Kandahar and Kabul to 1900.

Lahore entered Ranjit Singh's service
:
in March, 1822, and drilled Sikh cavalry

ALMS, JAMES (1728-1791)
for him on the European model engaged : Naval officer born July 15, 1728, of
:
in numerous campaigns of high character : humble origin, entered the Navy early :
and much liked and respected by Euro- served in the East Indies narrowly :
peans was General in the French Army,

: escaped when his ship sank in a storm in
and Political Agent of the French Govern- April, 1749, near Fort St. David :
ment at Lahore died at Peshawar, Jan. : commanded an East Indiaman in the
23. 1839, and buried at Lahore. Bombay-China trade was present at the :
capture of Gheria, the stronghold of the

ALLARDYCE, ALEXANDER (1841-
pirate Angria in 1756. After service in
1896) other stations, he, in 1780, commanded
Educated Aberdeen University at the Monmouth, 60 guns, joining Sir Edward
for years connected with Blackwood, and Hughes in the Indian seas was present :
his chief adviser in the management of in the engagements of 1782 off Sadras,
the magazine went to India as a journal-: Providien, Negapatam, Trincomalee, in
st on the staff of the Indian Statesman : which his ship suffered severely and his
declined a civil appointment offered losses were heavy his health gave way: :
him : went to Ceylon was special : retired in 1784, and died June 8, 1791-
correspondent there in connexion with
H.R.H. the Prince of Wales' visit to the AMEER ALI, SYAD (1849- )
East on returning to England, wrote

:
Born April 6, 1849 son of Syad Saadat :
for Reviews and Magazines wrote novels :

Ali, of Unao, Oudh, of a family originally
with success, such as The City of Sunshine, from Persia descendant of Muhammad
:
EarVs Court, a biography of Admiral through the Imam Ali-ar-Raza, of Mashad:

Keith, and other similar works died :
educated at Hughli College M.A. and :
April 22, 1896. B.L., Calcutta called to the bar at the

:
Inner Temple, 1873, practised in the

ALLEN, CHARLES (1808-1884)
High Court, Calcutta: FeUow of the
I.C.S. born July 29, 1808 son of Rev.
: : Calcutta University, 1874 Magistrate :
David Bird Allen educated at West- : and Chief Magistrate, Calcutta, 1878-81 :
minster and Haileybury went to India : Lecturer on Muhammadan Law, 1875-9 '-
1827 served chiefly in the N.W.P.

: : Member of the Bengal Legislative Council,
Magte. CoUr. of Moradabad, 1837 Hamir- : 1878-83 and of the Governor General's
:
pur, 1841 Settlement Officer in Bundel-

: Legislative Council, 1883-5 Tagore :
kund Judge at Agra, 1843-9

: and at '
Law Professor, 1884: CLE. Puisne Judge :
Fatehghar acted as Foreign Secretary

: of the Calcutta High Court, 1890-1904 :
to the Government of India, 1852 Finan- : President of the Committee of the Hughli
cial Secretary, 1854 and Member of the : Imambara, 1876-1904 founder of the :
Legislative Council of India, 1854 retired, : Central National Muhammadan Associa-

1857 died, Nov. 5, 1884
: was J. P. and : tion, and its Secretary, 1876-90 a :
Alderman and Mayor of Tenby, and High strong advocate of English education and
Sheriff of Pembrokeshire, 1876 wrote in : of the education of Indian ladies very :
support of Lord Dalhousie The Yellow influential among the Muhammadans in

Pamphlet in answer to Colonel G. B. Bengal : wrote A Critical Examination of
: ::
12 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

the Life and Teachings of Muhammad, made Nawab : in 1878 the Sultan of
The Spirit of Islam, The Ethics of Islam, Turkey made him a Companion of the
A Short History of the Saracens, Personal Order of the Osmanli died Nov., 1879. :
Law of the Muhammadans, Students'

Handbook of Muhammadan Law, Muham- AMIR KHAN (1790?-after 1877)
madan Law was joint author of A
:
Commentary on the Indian Evidence Act,

A wealthy banker and money-lender of
Patna was arrested and
tried as a
and of A Commentary on the Bengal Tenancy :
Act
member of a Wahabi
conspirary, at Patna,
: has frequently written articles in
in 1 871, on various charges of attempting
The Nineteenth Century, and is engaged
to wage war against the Queen con-
on a History of Muhammadan Civilization
:
victed and sentenced to transportation

in India.
for life, with forfeiture of property, and
released on the proclamation of the Queen
AMHERST OF ARAKAN, WILLIAM as Empress of India, Jan. i, 1877.
PITT, FIRST EARL (1773-1857)
Governor-General born in Jan. 1773
: : AMIR KHAN ( ? -1834)
sent on an embassy to China in 1816 :
arrived in Calcutta as Governor-General, Born in Rohilkund, of Afghan parents :
Aug. I, 1823 it devolved on him to

:
at 20 went with followers to Malwa
allay the excitement caused by the action took service under Bhopal next under :
of the Government towards the Press the Mahrattas from 1799 to 1806 com-
:
and Mr. J. S. Buckingham {q.v.) In

manded the army of J aswant Rao Holkar :
Feb., 1824, the Burmese having occupied next under the Raja of Jaipur always :
countries near Bengal and attacked British committing plunder and depredations
territory, Amherst declared war and attacked the Mahrattas, in Nagpur, but
despatched an expedition, which cap- returned to his own capital, Sironj, to
tured Rangoon, Martaban and Prome defend it against the British he was :
•peace was made by the treaty of Yanda- essentially a Pindari when the British :
boo, 1826, by which Assam and Tenasserim entered Malwa in 18 17, negotiations passed
were ceded to the British. In Jan., 1826, between them and Amir Khan, which
the capture of Bhartpur by Lord Comber- resulted in his abandoning the predatory
mere took place, when the British Govern- system, dismissing his army, and being
ment restored the youthful Raja Balwant allowed to keep the lands he held under
Singh, whom Government had recognized, grants from Holkar he received territory
:
to the throne, which had been seized by a and a gift of money from the British :
cousin, Durjan Sal. Lord Amherst was and, by the Treaty of Nov. 15, 18 17, was
made an Earl. He was the first Governor- confirmed in his possessions. The Princi-
General to spend, in 1827, the summer in pality of Tonk was thus established, and
Simla left India March 10, 1828
: died :
Amir Khan's descendants are still Nawabs
March 13, 1857. there :he died 1834.
AMIR ALI KHAN, NAWAB BAHADUR AMOS, ANDREW (1791-1860)

(1810-1879)
Lawyer born in India, 1791
: son of :
Born at Barh, March 10, 1810 : ap- James Amos, merchant educated at :
pointed, 1829, Assistant to the Ambassador Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge :
of Nasiruddin Hyder, King of Oudh in : Fellow, 1813 called to the bar by the
:
1838 Deputy Assistant Superintendent Middle Temple had a large practice

: :
in the Presidency Special Commissioner's Recorder of Oxford, Nottingham, and

Court at Calcutta in 1845, Government
: Banbury a member of the Criminal Law
:
Pleader in the Sadr Diwani A dalat in : Commission for some years Professor :
1857, Personal Assistant to the Com- of English Law at University College,

missioner of Patna in 1864 Khan : London, 1829-37 Legal Member (suc-
:
Bahadur and Member of the Bengal ceeding Macaulay) of the Supreme Coun-
Legislative Council entered the service
: cil of the Governor-General, 1838-42 :
of the late ex- King of Oudh, and appointed had much to do with the abolition of
a Commissioner to settle the debts of the slavery in India, and the framing of the
late Nawab Nazim of Bengal in 1875 : Penal Code. On return to England he
:
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 15
became a County Court Judge, and ANDERSON, SIR GEORGE WILLIAM

Downing Professor Laws of at Cam- (1791-1857)
bridge : wrote on a number of legal and
LC.S. entered the Bombay Civil
:
literaryjsubjects : died April 18, i860. Service in 1806 drew up the " Bombay
:
Code of 1827 ": was a Judge of the Sadf

AMPTHILL, OLIVER ARTHUR Court, and, in 1835, was appointed to
VILLIERS RUSSELL, BARON the Indian Law Commission in 1838 :
(1869- ) he became Member of Council, Bombay :
from April, 1841, to June, 1842, acted a§

Born Feb. 19, 1869 son of the first :
Governor of Bombay, between Sir J.
Baron (better known as Lord Odo Rus- Rivett-Carnac and Sir G. Arthur retired :
sell) educated at Eton, and New College,

in 1844 in 1849 was knighted and
:
Oxford rowed in the Oxford University

:
appointed Governor of the Mauritius,
Eight, 1889-91 President of the O.U.B.C.
:
but after 16 months was transferred to
1891 President of the Oxford Union
Ceylon as Governor, and made K.C.B.
:
:
Society, 1891 won the Pair Oars at

:
resigned in 1855 died March 12, 1857.
:
Henley Regatta with Guy Nickalls, 1890-

91 Private Secretary to Rt. Hon. J.
:
Governor of Madras, from

ANDERSON, SIR HENRY LACON
Chamberlain :
(1807-1879)
Dec, 1900 Viceroy and Governor-General
:
from April 30 to Dec, 1904. I.C.S. eldest son of Sir George William
:
Anderson, K.C.B. {q.v.) educated at :
Haileybury went to Bombay in the

AMYATT ( 1763)
Civil Service, 1820
:
Secretary to Govern-
:
A Bengal Civilian chief of the English : ment, Bombay, in the Secret, Political
factory at Patna in 1759 a member of : and Judical Departments, 1855 Chief :
the Calcutta Vansittart

Council when Secretary, 1861 member of the Legislar
:
{q.v.) was Governor in Bengal. Amyatt tive Coimcil, Bombay resigned, 1865 : :
had been superseded by dive's appoint- Secretary in the Judicial Department at

ment of Vansittart, and therefore con- the India Office, 1866 K.C.S.I., 1867: :
stantly opposed all his measures sent : died April 7, 1879.

on a mission to Mir Kasim, Nawab of
Bengal it was unsuccessful,
: and war ANDERSON, JAMES (
1809)
was imminent, but Amyatt was given In the medical service of the E. I.
leave to return to Calcutta meanwhile, :
served in Madras
appointed
Co. : :
however, the disaster took place at Patna :

Assistant Sturgeon, 1765 Surgeon, 1786 : ;
Amyatt was attacked and murdered by Member of the Madras Medical Board,
Mir Kasim' s troops before he had reached 1800 a distinguished botanist
: worked :
his destination, 1763. at developing the cochiiieal dye, and intro-

ducing the cultivation of silk wrote for :
ANDERSON, DAVID ( ? - ? )
some years on sugar-cane, the coffee*
plant, cotton, and the apple died Aug. 5,
Employed by Warren Hastings on :
sent on an 1809.
important negotiations ;
embassy to Madhava Rao Sindia, at the

close of the first Mahratta war, to conclude
ANDERSON, JOHN (1795-1845)
peace, 1782 accompanied by his brother,
:
Of the E.I.Co.'s service went out to, :
Lieut. James Anderson, as his assistant Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales' Island,
he remained with Sindia as Political in 181 3, as a writer after the usual
:
Resident Warren Hastings left

until succession of minor appointments he.
India, 1785, when James succeeded as became, in 1827, senior merchant. Secre-
Resident. The conciliatory attitude of tary to Government, and Malay translator :
the Mahratta Government at a critical was employed in negotiations with the

period was due to the exertions of the neighboiuring potentates of Sumatra, etc :
brothers Anderson. David was examined died Dec. 2, 1845 wrote several works
:
as a witness at Hastings' trial, 1790, being about the Malayan Peninsula, the British
then President of the Committee of settlements, and the adjacent countries
Revenue. and their commerce.
ANDERSON, REV. JOHN (1805-1855) of 'Aden, and worked at the flora of India
generally.
Missionary: born in 1805, son of a
Scotch farmer educated at Edinburgh
University
:
ordained in 1836 a minister

:
ANDREW, JAMES (1774 7-1833)
of the Church of Scotland, and was sent A Scotchman, educated at Aberdeen :
as missionary to Madras founded the : had a school at Addiscombe, which the

Madras Christian College, which, after E. Co. took over for the education of
I.
1843, was continued in connexion with their engineer and artillery officers on :
the Scotch Free Church the education : its purchase in 1809 he was appointed
there afforded was greatly appreciated, Headmaster and Professor of Mathe-
and with Mrs. Anderson's help the educa- matics retired about 1823 and died
:
tion of native girls of all castes and creeds June 13, 1833.
was successfully undertaken he died at :
Madras in 1855. ANDREW, SIR WILLIAM PATRICK

(1807-1887)
ANDERSON, JOHN (1833-1900)
Born 1807 son of Patrick Andrew : :
Son of Thomas Anderson born : Oct. 4, educated at Edinburgh and Oxford was :
1833, at Edinburgh M.D. at Edinburgh : for a short time in India in his younger
University, 1862, obtaining the gold days published a work on Indian Rail-
:
medal for zoology President of the : ways, 1846 devoted much attention to
:
Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh, which the promotion of railway and telegraphic
he helped to found Professor of Natural : communication England and between
History in the Free Church College, Edin- India : specially advocating the
scheme
burgh :in 1865 appointed Xurator, and, for an Euphrates Valley Railway sub- :
later. Superintendent of the Indian mitted to the Home Government his

Museum, Calcutta, an office which he schemes for the defence of India pub- :
held till he retired in 1886. He was a lished, during 40 years, a number of works,
member, as naturalist, of scientific letters and papers, and delivered lectures
expeditions to Upper Burma and Yunnan on the subject of Indian railways, the
in 1867 in the same direction, as far as
: Euphrates Valley route, and the import-
the Burmese frontier, in 1875-6 and to : ance of the Indus and its provinces was :
the Mergui Archipelago in 188 1-2 wrote : founder and Chairman of the Sind, Pan jab
full accounts of his travels, adding largely and Delhi Railway in 1856 he arranged :
to the science of marine and general with Government for the establishment
zoology, and anatomy also on the : of telegraphic communication with India :
reptiles and fauna of Egypt and con- : lectured and wrote on the Central Asian
tributed to the proceedings of learned question, 1872-86 wrote to the Times on :
societies F.R.S. in 1879

: LL.D. of
. : the A dvance of Russia wrote India and :
Edinburgh, 1885 Fellow of the Linnaean

: her Neighbours, 1878 advocated the con- :
Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, struction of railway lines to the Bolan and
and Vice-President of the Zoological the Khyber advocated the 5 '6" gauge
:
Society of London died Aug. 15, 1900.

: for Indian railways Chairman in 1879 of :
a meeting to promote the construction

ANDERSON, THOMAS (1832-1870) of a railway from the Persian Gulf to
Botanist born Feb. 26, 1832, and took
:
Constantinople and the Mediterranean :
his M.D. degree at Edinburgh University was called " an apostle of railways," "the
railway statesman," pioneer of " the
in 1853 joined the Medical Service,
:
Bengal, in 1854, at Calcutta was at :

railway enterprise " continued to urge :
Delhi during the mutiny was, in i860. :

the advantage of the Euphrates Valley
Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at line as alternative to that of the Red Sea :
Sibpur, opposite Calcutta, introduced knighted, 1882 CLE. Fellow of many : :
many improvements, and laboured speci- scientific societies died March 11, 1887. :
ally for the cultivation of cinchona in

India, which afterwards was effected in :
ANQUETIL, THOMAS JOHN (1781-
1842)
1864 he organised the Forest Department
in Bengal died Oct. 26, 1870, at Edin-
: Native of Jersey entered the Army, :
burgh published an account of the flora

: 1803 served in the Mahratta campaign.
:
:
attached to the Light Brigade, commanded ANSTEY, THOMAS CHISHOLM (1816-

the Pioneer Corps, the 57th N.I., and the 1873)
44th N.I. successively Adjutant-General :
Barrister and political writer born in :
of General Stevenson's force in the

London, 1816 educated at Wellington
:
Shekhawati D.A.G.
campaign com- : :
and University College, London called :
manded the Oudh Contingent as Brigadier :
to the bar at the Middle Temple, 1839 :
Inspecting Officer of all the Contingents :

became, in the Oxford movement, a Roman
as a Lt-Coloneland Brigadier commanded
Catholic, and Professor of Law at the
Shah Shuja's army in the retreat from :
Roman Catholic College near Bath
Kabul was killed at Jagdalak on Jan. 12, wrote on legal and political subjects was :
1842.
M.P. for Youghal 1847-52, when his
excessive speaking in Parliament was
ANQUETIL DU PERRON, ABRAHAM much resented appointed Attorney
:
HYACINTHE (1731-1806) General at Hongkong, 1854, but was sus-

pended by the Governor, Sir John Bowring,
Brother of L. P. Hyacinthe, the French
in 1858 after a short time at Calcutta,
:
historian born at Paris in 1731
: being :
he was very successful at the Bombay

bent on studying Oriental languages, he
bar, and in 1865 acted for a few months
went to India as a private soldier in I754.
as a Judge of the High Court failing to :
and acquired considerable knowledge of
obtain work at the English bar, he returned
Sanskrit, translating a dictionary in that
to Bombay and died there, Aug 17, 1873 :
language on the taking of Pondicherry
:
his violent temper stood in his way through

by the English he returned to Europe
life, leading him into constant quarrels
and conveyed his MSS. to Paris, where
with his profession and society
he was appointed Oriental interpreter to
the King's Library was Member of the
Academy Inscriptions
of and Belles
:
ANSTRUTHER, SIR ALEXANDER

(1769-1819)
Lettres, and the National Institute, and one
of the most celebrated of the literati of Judge son of Sir R. Anstruther,
:
Europe he died Jan. 17, 1805.

: Bart born Sep. 10, 1769
: called to the :
bar at Lincoln's Inn, and published legal

reports was Advocate-General, Madras,
HON. AUGUSTUS HENRY
:
ANSON, 1803 Recorder of Bombay, 1812

ARCHIBALD (1835-77) :
knighted died July 16, 1819.

:
:
Younger brother of the Earl of Lich-

field born 1835
: entered the Army : ANSTRUTHER, SIR JOHN (1753-
1853, in the Rifle Brigade in the Crimea : : 1811)
joined the 84th regt. : in the mutiny, was
Chief Justice born March 27, 1753
: :
A.D.C. to Sir J. Hope Grant wounded at :
son of Sir John Anstruther, Bart. edu- :

the siege of Delhi at Bulandshahr :
cated at Glasgow called to the bar at

:
deserved his V.C, and gained it as a Cap-
tain at the capture of the Sikandarbagh
Lincoln's Inn, 1779 was M.P. for Cocker- '
mouth, 1790-96 supported C. J. Fox,

:
on Sir Colin Campbell's relief of Lucknow,
Nov. 16, 1857 died Nov. 17, 1877. :
and was one of the managers of the
impeachment of Warren Hastings, having
to speak on certain of the charges in :
ANSON, HON. GEORGE (1797-1857)

1797, appointed Chief Justice of Bengal,
General : second son of the first Vis- made a Baronet, and retired to England,
'CountAnson served at Waterloo in the
:
1806 : Privy Councillor re-entered Par- :
Guards was M.P. from 1818 for many

:
liament died in London, Jan. 26, 1811.
:
years in 1853, appointed to command a

:
Division in India C. in C. Madras, 1854,

:
APPA SAHIB ( ? -1840)
and C. in C. in India, 1856 was at Simla : Raja of Nagpur when Regent, in 1816, :
when the mutiny broke out in May, 1857, he put to death his cousin, Parsoram, or
and hastened down to the plains while : Parsoji, Bhonsla, an idiot Raja of Nagpur,
on the march from Umbala to Delhi with and succeeded the late Raja's uncle,
a force, he died of cholera at Karnal, Raghoji Bhonsla II (q-v.) as Raja Baji :
May 27, 1857. Rao appointed him nominal C. in C of the

:
i6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

Peshwa's army Appa treacherously : second Afghan War was employed as
attacked the British under Mr. Jenkins, Brig-General, first in the Kandahar
Resident of Nagpur, and was defeated Field force and later in the Khyber :
at Sitabaldi, Nov., 26-7, 1817 taken : K.C.B. in 1881 D.A.G. of Artillery in:
prisoner, he escaped from custody and England, 1880-3 Inspr-General of Artil- '
sought refuge, in i8i8, at Jodhpur, where lery, 1883 and President of the Ord-
:
he is said to have died in 1840. nance Committee, 1885 in 1886 was :
made C. in C. Bombay, and transferred

APPLEYARD, FREDERICK ERNEST to Madras in the same year succeeded :
(1829- )
Lord Roberts in the command in Burma
in 1887 retired from Madras in 1891
: :
Son of F. N. Appleyard, a Cursitor .of General, 1890 G.C.B., 1894 died

: :
the High Court of Chancery educated :

April 14, 1899.
at Elizabeth College, Guernsey entered :
the 80th regt., 1850 served in the second :

ARBUTHNOT, GEORGE (1772-1843)
Burmese war present at Martaban, the
:
storming of Rangoon and taking of

Went, with his brother Robert, who
Prome exchanged to the 7th R. Fusiliers
: :
was Chief Secretary in Ceylon, to Colombo,,
wounded at Alma, 1854, in 1800 thence to Madras and joined a
in the Crimea
:
:
and the Redan, 1855 present at Inker- :

Mr. Lautour in business on the latter's :
death the firm was reconstituted, under

man, in the trenches at Sebastopol
the name of Arbuthnot & Co., which it
commanded a Brigade in the Afghan cam-
still bears retired from India in 1823,.
Maj-General, and CB.
:
paign, 1878-80 :
and settled in England.

ARBUTHNOT, SIR ALEXANDER ARBUTHNOT, SIR GEORGE GOUGH
JOHN (1822- ) (1848- )
I.C.S.son of the Bishop of Killaloe

: : Born Aug. 28, 1848 educated at :
born Oct. 11, 1822 educated at Rugby : Eton : partner in the firm of Arbuthnot
and Haileybury entered the Madras : & Co., Madras Member of the Legislative
:
Civil Service, 1842 Director of Public : Council, Madras Chairman of the :
Instruction, 1855 Chief Secretary to : Chamber of Commerce, Madras Fellow :
Government, Madras, 1862 Additional : of the Madras University Chairman of :
Member of the Legislative Council, the Famine Relief Fund Knight Bache- :
Madras, 1862 Member of Council,

: lor.
Madras, 1867-72 Acting Governor of :
Madras, Feb. to May, 1872 K.CS.I. : :

ARBUTHNOT, WILLIAM URQU-
1873 Member of the Supreme Council,
:
HART (1 807-1874)
1875-80 CLE.: President of the :

I.C.S. : son of Sir WiUiam Arbuth-
fifth
Council, 1878 and 1879 Vice-Chancellor :
not, Bart born 1807 : educated at the
:
of Madras and Calcutta Universities :

Edinburgh High School and Haileybury :
Member 1887-97
of the Council of India, :
went to Madras, 1826 became Agent to :
author of Selections from Minutes of Maj- the Governor at Vizagapatam resigned :
General Sir Thomas Munro, Life of Lord the service, 1846 joined the firm of :
Clive, and a number of articles in the Arbuthnot & Co. at Madras retired :
Dictionary of National Biography. to England in 1838 was one of the :
original members, "chosen by the Crown,

ARBUTHNOT, SIR CHARLES GEORGE of the new Council of India, from Sep. 21,
(1824-1899) 1858, under the Statute of 185,8 more :
and than once he declined the appointment of

Son of the Bishop of Killaloe,
Finance Minister in India died Dec 11, :
brother of Sir A. J. Arbuthnot {q.v.) :
born May 19, 1824 educated at Rugby :

1874
and the R.M.A., Woolwich entered the
PRINCE
Royal Artillery 1843 served in the :
:
ARCOT, AZIM JAH, OF

(1S00^1874>
Crimea became Lt-Colonel 1864 went
: :
to India in 1868 C.B., 1871 D.A.G.: : Uncle of Muhammad Ghaus (q.v.), the
of Artillery, 1873-7: Inspr-General of Nawab of the Camatic, whom he succeeded,
Artillery in India, 1877-80 in the : but only as the first Prince of Arcot, the
title granted to him in 1867, with a pension Eastern Question : he always showed great
and various concessions, a personal salute interest in, and knowledge of, Indian
of 15 guns, etc. died Jan. 14, 1874. : questions : he died April 24, 1900.
ARCOT, GHULAM MUHAMMAD ALI, ARMSTRONG, SIR GEORGE CARLYON

KHAN BAHADUR, PRINCE OF HUGHES, BARONET (1836- )
(1882- )
Educated privately entered the Indian :
Born 1882 : succeeded his father, Army, 1855 served throughout the
:
Muhammad Munawwar Ali, 1903 Pre- : Indian mutiny severely wounded, 1857
: :
mier Muhammadan nobleman of the retired as Captain on pension, and became

Carnatic and acknowledged head of the orderly officer of the R.M.C., Addiscombe,
Muhammadan community of the Madras until it was broken up subsequently :
Presidency was given the title of Khan

: became proprietor and editor of the
Bahadur in 1897. Globe newspaper, and received a Baronetcy
in 1892.
ARCOT, SIR MUHAMMAD MUNAW-
WAR ALI KHAN BAHADUR, ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
PRINCE OF (1856-1903) Poet : born June 10, 1832 : educated at
Son Muazzaz-ud-daula, and nephew
of Rochester, King's College, London, and
of Intizam-ul-mulk, whom he succeeded University College, Oxford, (Scholar) :
as Prince of Arcot, 1889 leader of the : gained the Newdigate Verse Prize, 1853 :
Muhammadan community in the Madras Principal of the Government Dekkan

Presidency, and held in high esteem by it College, in Poona, 1856-1861 : Fellow
and the British authorities Khan Baha- : of the Bombay University joined the :
dur, 1876 K.C.I. E., 1897

: died at the : Daily Telegraph newspaper in London, and
Delhi Imperial Assemblage, Jan. 4, 1903. became its editor visited and admired :
Japan, and married a Japanese lady in

ARDAGH, SIR JOHN CHARLES 1897 made a C.S.I.
: and K.C.I.E. in :
(1840- ) 1888 held Orders from the rulers of Siam,

:
Maj -General, R.E. educated at Trinity :

Japan, Turkey and Persia distinguished :
as a poet, scholar, teacher, journalist and

College, Dublin entered the Royal :
Engineers in April, 1859 : passed the Staff

man of letters wrote The Light of Asia,
:
Indian Idylls, Indian poetry, etc. died :

College : his services in Europe, on
frontier commissions, and in Africa on March 24, 1904.
military campaigns, have been distin-
guished in India he was Private Secre-
:
ARNOLD, THOMAS WALKER
(1864-
tary to the Marquis of Lansdowne, Gover- )
nor-General and Viceroy, from Dec, 1888, Born April 19, 1864 educated at the :
to Jan., 1894, and also to the Earl of City of London School and Magdalen
Elgin, in the same appointment, Jan. to College, Cambridge Professor at the :
April, 1894 C.B. (Civil 1878, Military

: is M.A.O. College, Alighar Professor of :
1884): CLE. (1892): K.C.I.E. (1894): Philosophy at the Government College,

K.C.M.G. (1902): also Hon. LL.D. of Lahore Dean of:the Oriental Faculty,
Trinity College, Dublin. Pan jab University Assistant Librarian :
at the India Office, Professor of 1904 :
ARGYLL, GEORGE DOUGLAS CAMP- Arabic at University College, London, since

BELL, EIGHTH DUKE OF 1904 published The Preaching of Islam,
:
(1823-1900) 1896 Al Mutazilah, 1902.

:
Statesman K.G., K.T., P.C. born

April 30, 1823
:
his connection with India

:
:
ARNOLD, WILLIAM DELAFIELD

(1828-1859)
began when he was Secretary of State for
India in Mr. Gladstone's administration, Son Dr. Arnold, of Rugby
of born :
1868-1874 when in opposition, he wrote

: April 18287, educated at Rugby
: stu- :
and spoke strongly against (the forward dent of Christ Church, Oxford went to :
Afghan policy of the Conservative Govern- India in 1848, into the Native Infantry :
ment. In 1865 he wrote India under was an Assistant Commissioner in the

Dalhousie and Canning, and in 1899 The Panjab, and, in 1856, Director of Public
c
:
:

Instruction did good service in organising
: ASHBURNHAM, HON. THOMAS ( ? -
the Department died at Gibraltar on: 1872)
April 9, 1859, on his way to England :
General son of George, third Earl of
:
wrote essays on social and Indian subjects, Ashburnham, K.G. entered the Army, :
and Oakfield, or Fellowship in the East 1823 Lt-Colonel, 1835

: commanded a :
his brother, Matthew Arnold, wrote A Brigade in the Satlaj campaign, 1845-6,
Southern Night in memory of him, and at Firozshahr and Sobraon C.B. A.D.C. : :
alluded to him in Stanzas from Carnac. to the Queen appointed to the command :
of the forces in China, 1857 transferred :
ARNOULD, SIR JOSEPH (1814-1886) to a military command in India returned :
Judge son : born

of Joseph Arnould : to England, 1858 Colonel of the 82nd :
Nov. 12, 1814 educated at Charterhouse

: regt., 1859 General, 1868 died March 3,
: :
and Wadham College, Oxford Newdi- : 1872.

gate Verse Prize, 1834 Fellow of his
College called to the bar by the Middle
:
:
ASMAN JAH, BAHADUR, NAWAB

SIR (1839-1898)
Temple, contributed to journalism and
wrote legal works in 1859 was made a :
Great-grandson of the second Nizam of
Judge of the Bombay Supreme (afterwards Hyderabad born 1839 Minister of Jus- : :
the High) Court, and knighted retired :

tice in 1869, and acted as Prime Minister
in 1869 : died Feb. 16, 1886. and Regent during Sir Salar Jang's
absence in Europe on the latter's death, :
in 1883, he became a member of the Coun-

ARTHUR, SIR GEORGE, BARONET
(1784-1854) cil of Regency represented the Nizam :
at Queen Victoria's Jubilee, 1887 was for :
Son of John Arthur of Plymouth :

years Prime Minister of Hyderabad,
7
entered the Army in 1804 : served in
1887 : made K.C.I.E., 1887 : died 1898.
Italy, 1806, Egypt, 1807, Sicily, 1808,
Walcheren, 1809 D.A.A.G. MiUtary : :
ASTELL, HENRY GODFREY (1816-
Secretary to the Governor of J ersey 1903)
Major in a regiment in Jamaica, 1812 : I.C.S. : son of William Astell, [q.v.).
Lieutenant-Governor of British Honduras Chairman of the Directors of the E.I.
and Colonel, 1814-22 Lieutenant-Gover- : Co. :educated at Eton and Haileybury :
nor of Van Diemen's Land, 1824-37 : in the mutiny was Judge of Azimghar,
received the Hanoverian Order : Lieuten- N.W.P. was supported by two companies
:
ant-Governor of Upper Canada, 1837-41 : of sepoys and some cavalry of doubtful

made Baronet in 1841 Governor of Bom- : loyalty, when he was attacked by about
bay from June 9, 1842 to Aug. 5, 1846, 2,000 rebels after an engagement, in which
:
during the difi&cult time of the latter his cavalry deserted, he was forced to retire
portion of the first Afghan War, and of to his entrenchments and Ghazipur was :
Lord Ellenborough's tenure of office as later besieged at J aunpur, until relieved by

Governor-General appointed provisional: General Lugard with a force from Luck-
Governor-General after retirement he : now died July 6, 1903.
:
was made a Privy Councillor and D.C.L.,

Oxford Lt-General, and Colonel of the
:
ASTELL, WILLIAM (1774-1847)
50th regt. : died Sep. 19, 1854. Son of Godfrey Thornton, Bank of
England Director changed his name to :
ASHBURNER, LIONEL ROBERT (1827) Astell, 1807 was Director of the E.I. :
Co., 1807-46, and M.P. for Bridgewater

I.C.S.:born 1827: educated at Haileybury:
1807-32, afterwards for Bedfordshire :
entered the Bombay Civil Service in 1848, Chairman of the Directors in

1810, 1824,
and retired in 1883 in the mutiny, 1857, :
1830, 1838 much opposed to Lord Ellen-
:
raised and organized a body of horse and

borough's administration of India Colonel :
foot to protect the E. frontier of Gujarat :

of the Royal East India Volunteers died :
was Special Commissioner to try offences March 7, 1847.

against the State tried and convicted :
certain chiefs C.S.I. Member of Council

: : ATKINSON, EDWIN FELIX THOMAS
in Bombay, 1877-83 acted as Governor : ( ? -1890)
of Bombay from March 13 to April 28, I.C.S. : educated at Trinity College,
1880. Dublin : went out to the N.W.P., 1862 :
Census officer in the N.W.P., 1881 : com- India in 1783 in the 52nd regt. : became
piled the Gazetteer of the N.W.P. : Ac- Adjutant promoted to Captain in the
:
countant-General of the N.W.P., and of 75th, in 1788 : was in the campaigns of

Bengal President of the Asiatic Society
: 1 790- 1 against Tippoo, and at the first
of Bengal : took a keen interest in siege of Seringapatam under Lord Corn-
intellectual piursuits : died Sep. 18, 1890. wallis in 1792 D.Q.M.G. at Calcutta :
:
Military Secretary to Sir Robert Aber-

cromby {q.v.) when C. in C, i795-7 in
ATKINSON, JAMES (1780-1852)
•
his campaign against the Rohillas re- :
Born March 9, 1780 studied medicine : turned to England in i797 commanded :
at Edinburgh and London joined the :

a force from the Cape to Egypt to co-
Bengal Medical service, 1805 Civil Sur- :
operate with Sir D. Baird and Sir Ralph
geon at Backerganj, to 1813 studied :
Abercromby against the French Adju- :
Persian Assay Master of the Mint,

: tant-General in Egypt K.C.B. in 1803 : :
1813-28 officiating Deputy Professor of

:
in 1806-7, Brig-General in S. America at
Persian at Fort William College, 181 8, Monte Video and Buenos Ayres Maj- :
Superintendent of the Government Gazette, General in 1808 went out to Madras as

:
1 817, and of the Press from 1823 com- :

C. in C, May, 1810 in 181 1 took Java :
menced the Calcutta Annual Register, and Batavia, and defeated the Dutch at
1823 : in 1833, became Surgeon to the Cornells and Samarang : left Madras for
55th N.I. in 1838-41, went to Kabul
:
England in March, 1813 : Lt- General :
with the Army of the Indus, as Super- G.C.B., 1815 : C. in C, and Privy Coun-
intending Surgeon returned to Bengal
: cillor in Ireland, 1821 : died Aug. 11, 1822.
in 1 841 member of the Medical Board,
:
1845 : retired, 1847 died Aug. 7. 1852 : : AUCKLAND, GEORGE EDEN, EARL
published a number of translations from OF (1784-1849)
the Persian classics, many of them in Governor General second son of the :
verse, including a portion, and an epitome, firstLord Auckland born Aug. 25, 1784 : :
of the Shah Nameh : edited the Persian educated at Christ Church, Oxford called :
Hatim Tai contributed publications to

: to the bar, 1809 President of the Board
:
the Oriental Translation Fund e.g. On : of Trade and Master of the Mint, 1833 :
the Loves of Laili and Majnun : wrote, First Lord of the Admiralty, 1834-35 :
1842, an illustrated narrative of the expedi- G.C.B. : appointed Governor-General of

tion into Afghanistan was also an artist : India, April 4, 1836. In 1836-7 he sent
of considerable merit brought out : Burnes {q.v.) on a mission to Kabul in :
lithographed Sketches in Afghanistan. distrust of the Amir, Dost Muhammad,

who received in 1837 the Russian
AUBER, PETER (1770-1866) officer, Vitkievitch, at Kabul, and with a
view to counteract Russian influence there,
Entered the India House at 16 : rose to
Auckland, under pressure of the English
be Assistant Secretary, and afterwards
Government, decided to dethrone Dost
Secretary to the E. I. Co., 1829-36 after
Muhammad and reinstate Shah
;
{q.v.)
50 years' service, retired in 1836, on a
Shuja (q.v.) as Amir his declaration of :
pension of £,2000 a year, thus drawing

war was issued on Oct. i, 1838 the facts :
£60,000 as pension. His name stands as

of the first Afghan War are well known :
the author of two important works, viz.,

Dost Muhammad fled in Aug., 1839 Shah :
an Analysis of the Constitution of the E.I.

Shuja, though set up in 1839, and sup-
Co. with supplement, 1826-8 and Rise :
ported till 1 84 1, was unpopular as a ruler :
and Progress of British Power in India,

the British force was reduced the sub- :
1837 but: his claim to have written the the Afghans rose
sidies were diminished :
firstnamed has been disputed died 1866.

Sir A. Burnes was murdered on
:
in 1 841 :
Nov. 2, 1841, and the envoy. Sir W. Mac-

AUCHMUTY, SIR SAMUEL (1756- naghten on Dec. 23, the British army was :
1822) destroyed in its retreat from Kabul to the

General born in New York, 1756, the
: Khyber. Lord Auckland was made an
grandson of a Scotch settler in Boston : Earl in 1839, on the capture of Kabul he :
saw service, first as a volunteer, from 1777 had left India on March 12, 1842, before
in the Army, in N. America went to : Pollock's avenging Army had advanced
: ::

beyond Jalalabad. Afghan affairs chiefly North Sea, Baltic and West
Indies '
engaged Auckland's attention. In 1840 Admiral of the Fleet, 1863 : K.C.B., 1837 :
the British Resident at Ava was expelled G.C.B., i860 died Aug.
: 10, 1865.
by the King of Burma and not re-estab-
ished. Auckland was again First Lord AUSTIN, CHARLES SUMNER (1837-
of the Admiralty in 1846 : died Jan. i, 1903)
1849. Educated at Merchant Taylors' school,
and St. John's College, Oxford Senior :
AUFRECHT, THEODOR (1822- ) Fellow edited the Madras Times and

:
Born Jan. 7, 1822, at Leschnitz in

afterwards the Athenceum and Daily
Silesia : educated at the College of Oppeln :
News of Madras Correspondent of the
:
studied Sanskrit and Philology at Berlin, London Times during the siege of Paris
and later the ancient languages of Northern and the Commune, 1870 also in the :
Europe Privat-docent at Berlin Univer-

:
Ashanti war, and at Simla, and in the S.
sity, 1850 went to England, 1852, to
:
States of America : a brilliant and very
study Sanskrit Professor of Sanskrit and :
vivid writer Dr. : : died May 2, 1903.
Philology at Edinburgh University, 1862 :
AVITABILE, PAOLO DI BARTO-

Professor of Philology at Bonn, 1875-89 :
now Professor of the Comparative Study

LOMEO
(1791-after 1845)
of Languages at Bonn Levi calls him the :
*'
illustrious veteran of Indian studies " : General a Neapolitan
: born Oct. 25 :
he especially noted for his catalogues of

is 1791 : served in the Neapolitan forces,
Sanskrit MSB. among his works may : 1807-9 and in the Artillery under King
:
be mentioned : De accentu compositorum Joseph Buonaparte and Murat in the

Sanskriticorum, 1847 Halayudha's Abhi- : Imperial Army left Italy, and went, via
:
dhanaratnamata, 1861 Die Hymnen des : Constantinople, to Persia, 1820 after 6 :
Rigweda, 1877 Bluten aus Hindostan, : years there, joined Ranjit Singh in the
1873 Das Aitareya Brahmana, 1879
: : Pan jab made Governor of Wazirabad,
:
his catalogues of Sanskrit MSS., at the and of Peshawar in 1834 ruled by fear :
Bodleian Library (1859-64), and at Cam- and severity and with success gave great :
bridge (1869) : Catalogus catalogorum, a assistance to General Pollock and the

register of Sanskrit works and authors, Army of Retribution, 1842 left Peshawar, :
1 89 1-3 and Katalog der Sanskrit Hand-

: 1843, took refuge at Jalalabad and in India
schriften der Universitdts-Bibliothek zii and returned to Europe received a :
Leipzig, 1 90 1. sword from the Court of Directors a :
General in the French Army died in a :
AUSTEN, CHARLES JOHN (1779-1852) few years near Naples.

Son of Rev. George Austen, and brother
of Miss Austen entered the Navy early
: :
AWDRY, SIR JOHN WITHER (1795-
1878)
served against the Dutch and French, and
on a number of stations at the bom- : Born 1795 educated at Winchester and
:
bardment of Acre, 1840, for which he was Christ Church, Oxford Fellow of Oriel :
made C.B. : Rear Admiral, 1846 : Naval called to the bar from the Middle Temple
C. in C. of the E. India station, 1850 in : in 1822 :after being Puisne Judge of the
the second Burmese war, died of cholera Bombay Supreme Court, from 1830, was
at Prome, Sep. 29, 1852. Chief Justice, 1839-42 knighted 1830 : :
D.C.L. of Oxford, 1844 one of the Com- :
AUSTEN, SIR FRANCIS WILLIAM missioners of Oxford University died :
(1774-1866)
June, 1878.
Brother of Jane Austen, the novelist
born April 23, i774 educated at the :
AYLMER, FENTON JOHN (1862- )
Royal Naval Academy entered the Navy : Born April 1862 son of Captain
5, :
in 1788 was on the East India station,

: F. J. Aylmer, 97th regt. : educated
in the Perseverance, from 1788 to 1801, privately and at R.M.A., Woolwich :
and again from 1807 to 1809 in the St. entered the Royal Engineers, 1880
Albans, 64 guns his services were re- : served in India since 1883 in the Burma :
warded by the E. I. Co served also in the : war, 1886-87 the Hazara expedition
:
:
1891 in the Hunza expedition, 189 1-2 :

: thither from Kabul, and was routed, fleeing
Isazai expedition, 1892 Chitral expedi- : towards Herat in July, 1 881, he defeated :
tion, 1895 at the storming of the Nilt

: Amir Abdur Rahman's troops and cap-
Fort in 189 1-2 he obtained his V.C., and
: tured Kandahar, but, being defeated
Brevet Majority : Colonel R.E. there by the Amir, fled to Persia, where he
was made a prisoner of state he escaped :
AYLMER, HON. ROSE WHITWORTH and tried to cross the Afghan frontier in
(1779-1800) 1887, but was repulsed, and surrendered
Born Oct., 1779 only daughter of : to the British Agent at Mashad eventu- :
Henry, fourth Baron Aylmer, and his ally he was made over to the Government
wife Catherine, who was sister to Lord of India and interned in India, being kept
Whitworth, Ambassador to Buonaparte at Rawul Pindi.
in 1803. Walter Savage Landor wrote
verses to her at Swansea about 1796-7, BABA, SIR KHEM SINGH BEDA
and she lent him the book which suggested (1830- )
the subject of his poem " Gebir." She

Fourteenth in direct descent from Sikh
went to India in 1878 with her aunt {nee
Guru, the great reformer Member of :
Whitworth) wife of Sir Henry Russell {q.v.).
Legislative Council of the Pan jab for two
Puisne judge, afterwards Chief Justice of
years : K.C.I.E.
Bengal, and became engaged to Sir Henry's
son, afterwards second Baronet, but died
of cholera on March 2, 1800, at her uncle's
BADCOCK, SIR ALEXANDER
house in Calcutta. Landor's elegy on
ROBERT (1844- )
her death was published in 1806. She was Born 1844

Jan. educated at 11, :
buried in the cemetery in South Park Elstree and Harrow entered the Indian :
Street, Calcutta, the inscription on her Army, 1861 served in the Bhutan Cam-
:
tomb being taken from Young's Night paign, 1864-5 Hazara, 1868 Perak,: :
Thoughts, iii. 70. 1875-6 Afghanistan, 1878-80, in the

:
Commissariat Department at the Peiwar :
AYRTON, ACTON SMEE (1816-1886) Kotal, and in the engagements at Kabul

Born 1816 : son of Frederick Ayrton, Chief Commissariat of&cer of Sir F.
barrister at Bombay : practised as a Roberts' force on the Kabul- Kandahar
solicitor at Bombay, 1836-50, when he march in Aug. 1880, and in the battle of
retvurned to England Chairman of the :
Kandahar made C.B. :was Q.M.G. in :
Board of Directors of the Great Indian India, 1900 C.S.I. K.C.B. in 1902
: : :
Peninsular Railway called to the bar :

Member of the Council of India in 1901.
from the Middle Temple, 1853 : M.P. for
the Tower Hamlets, 1857-74 Parlia- :
BADEN POWELL, BADEN HENRY
mentary Secretary to the Treasury in (1841-1901)
Gladstone's Administration, 1868-9 : I.C.S. born 1841 :son of Professor :
Privy Councillor Furst Commissioner of

: Baden Powell of Oxford educated at St. :
Works, 1869-73 Judge Advocate Gener-

: Paul's School in the Civil Service in the
:
al, 1873-4 defeated in his candidatures

: Panjab, 1861-89 served in the Indian •
for the Tower Hamlets, 1874, and for the Forest Department was an authority :
Mile End Division, 1885 died Nov. 30, : on Indian land tenures for some years a :
1886. Judge of the Chief Court of the Panjab :
wrote Land Systems of British India, The

AYUB KHAN, (1849- )
Indian Village Community helped to :
Fourth son of Shir Ali, Amir of Afghanis- establish the Lahore University M.A. :
tan, brother of Yakub Khan {q.v.) was : Oxford, 1894 CLE. died Jan. 2, 1901.
: :
long a fugitive in Persia, but was ap-

pointed Governor of Herat by Yakub in BADGER, REV. GEORGE PERCY
1879 he advanced thence upon Kandahar
:
(1815-1888)
in July, 1880, and atMaiwand, on the 27th, Born in April, 1815 : spent his youth at
defeated General Burrows and his force : Malta, and 1835-36 at Bairut to learn
besieged Kandahar on Sep. i. he : Arabic : ordained in 1841 : for his know-
fought the battle of Kandahar against ledge of the East and of Arabic was sent
Sir F. Roberts {q.v.), who had marched as a delegate to the Eastern Churches,
: Js

including the Nestorians, in Kurdistan, in which town is his portrait by Raebum :
1842-5 and 1850 appointed a Chaplain : died in London, April 20, 1833. From
under the Bombay Government, 1845 : the commencement of his career, Baillie
his knowledge of Arabic was utilised at was a devoted student of Oriental lan-
Aden and under Outram in the Persian guages, and was the first Professor of
expedition of 1856-7 in i860 he helped : Arabic and Persian, when the College of
to settle the troubles in Oman was : Fort William was instituted in 1801 :
Secretary to Sir Bartle Frere's mission to published several important works, and
Zanzibar, 1872 D.C.L. in 1873 died : : made a large and choice collection of
Feb. 21, 1888 wrote The Nestorians and
: oriental works, at his house in Inverness,
their Rituals, A History of the Imaums and which was presented by his heirs to the
Sayyids of Oman, 1871 on Muhammad : University of Edinburgh. A Digest of
and Muhammadanism and an English-
: Mohummudan Law, which he left unfin-
Arabic Lexicon, besides other works ished, was completed and greatly enlarged
F.Z.S. : F.S.A. by his son, Neil B. E. BailUe, (1799-1883),
an Indian Jurist of some eminence : it is
BAIGRIE, ROBERT ( ? -1877) still a standard work of reference.
Colonel son of John Baigrie

: joined :
the E. I. Co.'s Bombay Infantry, 1848 :

BAILLIE, WILLIAM ( ? -1782)
served in the Panjab campaign, 1848-9 :
Entered the E.I. Co.'s service in the
at Mult an, Gujarat, the pursuit and sur- Madras N. I., 1759 Lt-Colonel, i775 : -
render of the Sikhs, the occupation of served against Hyder Ali, 1767-8 held a :
Peshawar at the siege of Sebastopol,

:
command at Pondicherry, i779» against
1855 in the Persian war, 1856-7
: at the :
the French and in the Guntur Sircars in
:
Khushab, Muhamra, Ahwaz in Sir H. :

1780 : defeated, in 1780, a portion of
Rose's force in the mutiny Bombay :
Hyder All's invading army under Tippoo
Staff Corps, 1861 A.Q.M.G. at Mhow, :
near Perambakam was unable to join:
1865 and in Abyssinia, 1867-8 Brevet

: :
Sir Hector Munro's army, but, on receipt
Lt-Colonel Q.M.G. of the Bombay
:
of small reinforcements, advanced from
Army : C.B., 1873 : died at Poona, Sep. Polilore to do so was attacked by Hyder'
:
25, 1877 : an accomplished artist. force and overwhelmed, Sep. 10, 1780 :
severely wounded and captiured with :
BAILEY, REV. BENJAMIN (1791-

the few survivors was kept prisoner at
1871)
Seringapatam, generally in chains : died
Missionary for 40 years in Travancore : in captivity, Nov. 13, 1782.
distinguished as a linguist and botanist,
and author of a Malayalam dic- BAIRD, SIR DAVID, BARONET (1767-
tionary died, 1871.
:
1829)
General : William Baird, of
son of
BAILLIE, JOHN (1772-1833) Newbyth : bom Dec,
i757 entered the :
Lt-Colonel : younger son of George Army in the 2nd foot, in 1772 came to :
Baillie, of Leys Castle, Inverness : entered England from Gibraltar in 1776 went :
the service of the E.I. Co. in 1791 took : to India in the 73rd in 1779-80 was in :
part in the military operations of the Colonel Baillie's force which was over-
Mahratta war, 1803 but his principal : whelmed by Hyder Ali at Perambakam,
services in India were political as Politi- : Sep. 10, 1780 was imprisoned by
:
cal Agent, 1803-7, he succeeded, under Hyder Ali at Seringapatam for 3

great difficulties, in establishing British years, and released at the Treaty of Man-
authority in Bundelkimd, and in trans- galore in 1784. His mother, knowing
ferring to the Company a large and his intractable temper, remarked, on
valuable territory for his services, he : hearing of his imprisonment, that " she
was appointed Resident at Lucknow, pitied the man who was chained to our
1 807-1 5 he established the celebrated
» Davie." He commanded a Brigade, and
" Guard " or " Gate," which still bears served under Lord Cornwallis at the cap-
his name at Lucknow after leaving : ture of Savandrug in 179 1, and at Seringa-
India, he was appointed, 1823, a Director: patam in 1792 in 1793 he took Pondi-
:
of the E.I. Co. M.P. for Hendon in 1820 : : cherry :commanded a Brigade at the
and in 1830 for the Burghs of Inverness, Cape of Good Hope in i797» and, returning
:
to India in 1798, as Maj-General, led the under Lord Roberts, through the Kuram
storming party at the siege of Seringapa- to Kabul, commanded
at Charasia Oct. 6,
tam on May 4, 1799, after which he 1879, and was engaged in many of the
considered himself slighted at Colonel fights near Kabul was in Lord Roberts' :
Arthur Wellesley (afterwards Duke of Kabul- Kandahar march, Aug., 1880, and
Wellington, (q.v.) being placed in command the battle of Kandahar K.C.B. 1881 in : :
at Seringapatam commanded the Dina- : the Boer War 1881 as Brig-General :
pur Brigade, 1800 led an expedition to : in 1884 was Adjutant-General in India :
Egypt down the Nile in 1801, to co-operate in the Burmese expedition, 1886-7 com- '
with the British army, and was at the manded a Division in Bengal, 1887-90 :
capture of Alexandria led back the : Q.M.G. of the Army, 1890 Lt-General, :
Egyptian Indian army, 1802 in 1802 he : 1891 died at Pau, Feb. 9 1893.
:
commanded a Division of the Madras

Army, but, when again placed under BAKER, SIR WILLIAM ERSKINE
General A. Wellesley for the Mahratta (1808-1881)
war, resigned and returned to. England, Son of Capt. Joseph Baker, R.N. born :
being captured on the voyage by the Nov. 29, 1808 educated at Ludlow and
:
French was knighted and became Lt-

: Addiscombe joined the Bengal Engineers
:
General in 1805-6 was sent to retake the

: 1826 to India, 1828
: employed in canal :
Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch served : work led an attacking column in the
:
at Copenhagen, and in Spain, in 1808, battle of Sobraon, in the Sikh war of 1845-
losing an arm at Corunna was made : 6 : rendered excellent service in the
K.B., 1809, and a Baronet; and General P.W.D., as Superintending Engineer of the
in 1814 G.C.B., 1815
: C. in C. in Ire- : Delhi canals, and of the Sind canals and
land, in 1820 Governor of Fort George,
: forests. Director of the Ganges canal, and
1829 : died in Perthshure, Aug. 18, 1829. Consulting Engineer for Railways Secre- :
tary to the Government of India in the

BAKER, EDWARD NORMAN P.W.D., 1854-5 ••
Colonel, 1857 = in 1858
(1857- )
was made Military Secretary at the India
I.C.S. educated at Christ's College,
:
Office : Member of the Council of India,
Finchley went out to Bengal in the Civil
:
1861-1875 K.C.B., 1870
: General, :
Service, 1878 Under Secretary to the:

1877 died at Barnwell, Somersetshire,
:
Governor of Bengal, and to the Govern- Dec. 16, 1881.

ment of India, Finance Department,
1885 : Deputy Secretary, 1892-5 Secre- :
BALFOUR, EDWARD GREEN (1813-
tary, 1902-5 Financial Secretary to the
:
1889)
Government of Bengal and Member of son of Capt. George
Doctor and author :
Bengal Legislative Council, 1898-1902 : Balfour, and of Joseph Hume,

nephew
Financial Member of the Supreme Council, M.P. bom Sep. 6, 1813 educated at
: :
1905 : C.S.I. 1900. , Montrose, and Edinburgh University in :
1839 went to India in the Medical Depart-

BAKER, SIR THOMAS DURAND (1837- ment, serving in both the Bombay and
1893 Madras Armies became full Surgeon in :
Son Rev. John Durand Baker, Vicar

of 1852 wrote medical papers on subjects
:
of Bishop's Pawton, Devon born March : relating to the health of the troops, and
23. 1837 educated at Cheltenham
: besides his profession did much useful
entered the i8th Royal Irish regt., 1854 : work studied Oriental languages, and
:
served in the Crimea, 1854-6 in the : founded the Muhammadan public library
Indian mutiny was with the Central India at Madras : established, in 1850, a Govern-
Field Force passed the Staff College,
: ment Central Museum, and was Super-
1862 : in the New Zealand war, 1863-67 : intendent for 9 years published an :
was Assistant Adjutant and Q.M.G. in Encyclopasdia of India, which went

Ashanti Expedition, 1873-4, and Chief of through several editions and commenced :
the Staff C.B. A.D.C. to the Queen

: : : the Mysore Museum, 1866 was Political :
attached to the Russian Army during the Agent with the Nawab of the Carnatic
Russo-Turkish war, 1877 Military Secre- : for years as Deputy Inspr-General of
:
tary to Lord Lytton, Viceroy of India, Hospitals, 1862-1870, he served in the

1878 : in 1879, commanded a Brigade stations under the Madras command, and
:

as Surgeon-General, Madras, 1871-76, Director of the National Museum, Dublin,
paid much attention to female medical 1883 died June 15, 1895 wrote valuable
: :
education, for which the Madras Medical works on geology and jungle life in India :
College was thrown open Fellow of the : edited, in 1889, /. B. Tavernier's Travels
Madras University retired in 1876, and : in India, 1676 C.B. :
died Dec. 8, 1889.

BALLANTYNE, JAMES ROBERT
BALFOUR, FRANCIS (before 1769- (1813-1864)
after 1807)
Born Dec. 13, 1813 educated at Kelso, :
M.D. at Edinburgh
entered the E.I. :
Edinburgh New Academy and College :
Co.'s medical service in Bengal, 1769 and :

studied Oriental languages taught them :
retired, 1807, to Edinburgh : was an inti- at the Naval and Military Academy,
mate friend of Warren Hastings, dedicated Edinburgh, 1839 in India was Principal
:
a book to him, and corresponded with of the College at Benares, 1845-61 : be-
him from Benares he wrote The Forms :
came Librarian of the India Office : while
of Herkern, a Persian Letter-writer and con- in India studied the highest Sanskrit ethi-
tributed papers on Oriental subjects to cal and philosophical literature : published
the Asiatic Society of Bengal, besides writ- Sanskrit works and lectures on systems of
ing medical works. Indian philosophy, also papers on Hindu
philosophy and logic wrote a Hindustani
BALFOUR, SIR GEORGE
:
(1809-1894)
grammar and selections and a Mahratti :
Born 1809 son of Capt. George Bal-

: grammar LL.D. died Feb. 16, 1864.
: :
four brother of E. G. Balfour {q.v.)

: :
educated at Eddiscombe joined the :

BALLARD, JOHN ARCHIBALD (1830-
Madras Artillery, 1825, the Royal Artil- 1880)
lery, 1826 served in the Malacca cam-
:
Born June 20, 1830 son of a Calcutta :
paign, 1832-33 China with the Madras

: in merchant educated at Addiscombe
: :
force, 1840-2 and was Colonel at Shanghai

:
joined the Bombay Engineers in 1850 on :
from 1843 for some years on the Madras :

his way to England in 1854, he went to
Military Board 1849-57, and Inspr- Constantinople, and joined the Turkish
General of Ordnance C.B., 1854: on the :
Army, as Lt-Colonel, at the siege of Silis-
Military Finance Commission of 1859-60, tria by the Russians, and in the attack on
and Head of the Military Finance Depart- the Russians at Giurgevo in the Crimean :
ment, 1860-62, doing valuable work in campaign, including the siege of Sebasto-
these appointments in England, em- :
pol, the operations at Eupatoria and the
ployed on the Recruiting Commission, occupation of Kertch he also commanded :
1866 and 1868-70 as Assistant to the :

a Turkish Brigade in Omar Pasha's cam-
Controller in Chief at the War Office, 1868- paign in Mingrelia was conspicuous for
:
71 K.C.B., 1871
: M.P. Kincardineshire,
:
his cool bravery in action C.B., 1856 : :
1872-1892 became a General in 1877

: :
served as A.Q.M.G. in the Persian war of
died, March 12, 1894: his wife was a
1856-7, and in the same capacity in the
daughter of Joseph Hume, M.P. Indian mutiny in the Rajputana Field
Force was Mint-master at Bombay, 1861,
BALL, GEORGE (1761-1811)
:
and Chairman of the Bombay Port Trust :
Colonel served in Lord Lake's cam-

: retured at end of 1878 as Lt-General
paign, and described as a very meritorious wrote articles for Blackwood's Magazine,
and distinguished officer died when : on Indian subjects : LL.D. of Edinburgh :
Adjutant-General of the Bengal Army, he died near the battlefield of Thermopylae

Dec. 8, 1811 buried at Calcutta.
: April 2, 1880.
BALL, VALENTINE ( ? -1895) BALRAMPUR, MAHARAJA, SIR

Doctor : in the Geological Survey of DRIGBIJAI SINGH, of (1818-1882)
India for 17 years Treasurer of the : Son of Raja Arjun Singh : descendant
Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1881 contri- : of a long line of chieftains of the J an war
buted papers on the Geology of the Nicobar clan of Rajputs succeeded his brother
:
Islands and of the vicinity of Port Blair : Raja Jai Narain Singh, in 1836 spent :
Professor of Geology at Dublin F.R.S. : : his early years fighting with his neighbours,
the Pathans of Utraula and the Chauhan the old Bombay Bank, 1840 : Director
Rajas of Tulsipur, also with the Oudh of the G.I. P. Railway, 1844 : suffered
revenue officials driven out of Balrampur
:
pecuniary losses in his business, which
by Raja Darshan Singh, who pursued him curtailed his means, but not his zeal, for
into Nipal territory restored to his Raj : :
philanthropic charity died Feb. 12, :
distinguished himself in the mutiny as one 1851 after a public meeting of all classes,
:
of the five loyal talukdars received the :

the Framji Institute was erected in his
fugitives from Sikraura and Gonda, 19 memory, where public meetings are
persons, and several children sheltered :
generally held, and an extensive Library
and escorted them to Gorakhpur re- : is located.
mained faithful, and was proscribed by the
rebels : joined the advancing British BANDULA, MENGYEE MAHA ( ? -
forces and remained in the field till the 1825)
restoration of order rewarded with the : Burmese Statesman and General : in
Maharaja Bahadur and vast landed
title of Oct., 1819, he led a successful expedition
estates confiscated from rebels, with a re- against the chief of Manipiu: in 182 1 he :
duced land revenue assessed in perpetuity : attacked Assam in 1823, the Burmese
:
in 1866, K.C.S.I. salute of 9 guns, in

: invaded British possessions near Chitta-
1877 :' Member of the Governor-General's gong, occupying the island of Shapuri on
Legislative Council a great patron of : Sep. 24, 1823 in March, 1824, Bandula
:
education, instituting schools on his es- marched to Arakan, attacked an English

tates before their general introduction force at Ramu, near Chittagong, and
elsewhere : founded one of the first defeated it: Lord Amherst declared war
hospitals in Oudh outside Lucknow, and against the Burmese. On May 11, 1824,
a medical school a noted : sportsman a : the British.Army took Rangoon, but were
from an elephant hastened his death,
fall unable to advance. Bandula was re-
which occurred on May 27, 1882. called from Arakan and ordered to proceed
against the English forces. As C. in C,
BANAJI, FRAMJI COWASJI (1767- he approached Rangoon and stockaded
1851) his 60,000 men but was attacked and
:
Born in Bombay1767 son of April 3, : defeated, Dec, 1824. He retired to

Cowasji Byramji (1744-1834) merchant, Donabew, a strongly defended position,
and of a family which settled in Bombay which the British Army under General
from near Surat,i690, and traded with Eng- Campbell reached on April i, 1825. The
land, China and Burma. He was a scientific siege of the place by the English had just
agriculturist, and improved agriculture in begun when Bandula was killed by a shell
W. India
took a leading part in establish-
: from the British* Artillery,and the Burmese
ing the
Agri-Horticultural Society of army fled.
Bombay, 1830 was a Vice-President
: :
the Bombay Government gave him, 1829, BANERJEA, DURGAGATI, RAI BAHA-
some villages in Salsette, where he settled DUR (1838-1903)
cultivators, and successfully managed Born Jan. 19, 1838 : member of the
the Pawai estate instituted many
: Subordinate, and Provincial Executive
charities for the native community some : Service, Bengal Deputy Magistrate,
:
for the Parsis : made wells and tombs a : 1856 : Personal Assistant to the Com-
large Tower of Silence, 1832 a Fire : missioner of Patna for 15 years Member :
Temple, 1845 a school for Parsi children,

: of the Salaries Commission, 1885 Member :
for instruction in the Avesta was a : of the Bengal Legislative Council, 1895 :
leading member of the Parsi panchayat, and of the Calcutta Corporation Deputy :
1 8 17-5 1, and an original Trustee of their Collector of Calcutta, Superintendent of

communal funds from 1823 was a : Excise Revenue and Collector of Stamp
prominent member of the Native Educa- Revenue, 1889-1901 retired, iqoi : :
tion Society from 1827, of the Elphinstone CLE., 1895 died March 26, 1903.
:
College committee from 1835 Director :
of the Board of Education from 1841 :

BANERJEA, REV. KRISHNA MOHAN
was nominated, 1834, one of the first (1813-1885)
12 native J.P.s a Government Director
: Born1813 : son of Jiban Krishna
of the Savings' Bank helped to establish : Banerjea, a member of a high caste
:

Brahman family in Calcutta : educated BANERJI, KALI CHURN ( ? - )
at the Hindu College in 1829, became a

:
Educated at the Calcutta University :
teacher in the Hare School, Calcutta M.A. : B.L. a leading pleader in the Cal-
:
came under the influence of Derozio and cutta High Court member of the Bengal :
Dr. Duff, and was converted to Christian-

Legislative Council Registrar of the Cal- :
ity in 1833 became a teacher in the

:
cutta University President Y.M.C.A., Cal- :
C.M.S. School in Calcutta, and in 1837 was

cutta a Brahman convert to Christianity
: :
ordained a clergyman in the Church of has taken a prominent part in all social,
England from 1852 to 1868, was a Pro-
:
religious and educational movements of
fessor in Bishop's College, Calcutta the day.
Fellow, 1858, of the Calcutta University
Doctor of Law, 1876: Examining Chaplain BANERJI, SURENDRANATH
to the Bishop of Calcutta Examiner in : (1848- )
Sanskirt, Hindi, Tamil, and Uriya: Second son of Diu-ga Charan Banerji,
M.R.A.S.B., also of the British Indian As- born
medical practitioner, Calcutta :
sociation, Calcutta Corporation, and Board

Nov., 1848 educated at the Doveton
:
of Examiners was made a CLE. was in : :

College, Calcutta : B.A,, 1868 : passed in
his later years regarded by Government as a
England the competitive examination for
Head and Leader of the Indian Com- the Indian Civil Service, 1869 went out :
munity wrote many books and pam-

:
to Bengal, 1871 Assistant Magistrate at :
phlets, chief among which are Dialogues

Sylhet ceased to be a member of the
:
on. Hindu Philosophy and Aryan Witness :

Civil Service in March, 1874 became a :
he knew eleven languages well his name :

Professor of English Literature in the
will pass to posterity as a great scholar and
Metropolitan Institution, 1876 joined :
linguist died May 11, 1885.

:
the Free Church Institution and Duff
College, 1881 founded the Ripon College,
:
BANERJI, SIR GURU DAS (1844- ) 1882 : proprietor of the weekly Bengalee
Born near Calcutta, Jan. 26, 1844 edu- :
in 1878 imprisoned for one month in the
:
cated at the Hare School, Presidency civil side of the Presidency Jail, 1883, for
College and Calcutta University B.A. :

contempt of court established the Indian :
(1863), M.A. (1864) in Mathematics, gold Association, 1876 represented the Cal- :
cutta Corporation in the Bengal Legisla-

medal: (1865): Law Lecturer at
B.L.
the Berhampur College began to practise :
tive Council, 1893 President of the nth :
in the High Court in 1872 Doctor of :

meeting of the Indian National Congress
Law in 1876 Tagore Law Professor, 1878
: :
at Poona, 1895, of the i8th at Ahmadabad,
lectured on " Hindu Law of Marriage and 1902 : elected a Fellow of the Calcutta
Stridhan " Fellow of the Calcutta Univer-
:
University by the Graduates, 1904.
sity, 1879 member of the Bengal Legisla-
:
BANKS, JOHN SHERBROOKE (1811-
tive Council, 1887 acted as Judge of :
1857)
the High Court, 1888, confirmed in Jan.
1889 Vice-chancellor of the Calcutta
:
Major joined the Indian Army in 1829
: :
University, 1890-3 member, 1902, of :

was employed on civil duties for a time,
the Indian Universities' Commission :
but in 1842 served in Pollock's Kabul
retired in Jan., 1904 knighted the same :
force was in the Military Secretariat
: :
year : wrote A Few Thoughts on Education. accompanied Lord Dalhousie to Burma,

and was on his personal Staff joined :
the Oudh Commission and became Com-

BANERJI, HEM CHANDRA (1838-
missioner of Lucknow was in the Resi- :
1902)
dency during the siege, and succeeded Sir
Educated in his village and at the Henry Lawrence as Chief Commissioner
Hindu College, Calcutta Scholar en-
: :
from the latter's death until his own on
teredGovernment service in the Military July 21, 1857.
Auditor General's office : B.A. : munsif
at Howrah and Serampur practised as a :
BARBOUR, SIR DAVID MILLER
High Coiurt Vakil from 1862, and became (1841- )
Senior Government Pleader as a Bengali : I.C.S. : born educated

1841 at :
poet he had perhaps no rival in modern Queen's College, Belfast went to :
Bengal died 1902.

: India, 1863 : served in Lower Bengal,
: ,: :
until he became Under Secretary, Finan- in 1763 raised the 24th N.I. 1876
: Brig- :
cial Department of the Government of General, 1770, and provincial C. in C,

India, 1872 Accountant General, Bengal
: Bengal, in 1773 in July, 1772, a treaty was :
Secretary to Government of Bengal, signed in his presence between the Nawab

Revenue Department, 1882 member of : Wazir of Oudh and the Rohillas against the
the Bengal Legislative Council, 1882 : Mahrattas after a quarrel with Warren
:
Secretary to the Government of India, Hastings he left India became M.P. for :
Financial Department, 1882 C.S.I. : Wallingford Baronet, 1781 died Sep.

: :
1887 Member of the Royal Commission

: i4» 1789.
in England on gold and silver, 1886 :
Financial Member of the Supreme Council BARLOW, SIR GEORGE HILARO,

of the Governor General, 1 888-1 893 :
BARONET (1762-1847)
K.C.S.I., 1889 Member of the Indian
: Governor son of William Barlow, of
:
Currency Commission, 1898 : K.C.M.G., Bath joined the Bengal Civil Service
:
1899 Member and Chairman of several

: in 1778 when employed, 1788-96,
:
important Royal Commissions and Com- in the Revenue Secretariat, he had to

mittees on the currency and finance of carry out the Permanent Settlement of
other countries, and on questions involving 1793 in Bengal was Chief Secretary in :
great financial considerations wrote The : 1796 became Member of the Supreme
:
Theory of Bimetallism. Council from Oct., 1801, and Vice-President

in Council until, on Lord Cornwallis'
BARCLAY, GEORGE WALTER WOOD- death on Oct. 5, 1805, he, as provisional
f^ ,^ ^ FALL (1847- )
Governor-General, acted in that capacity
Son of Charles Barclay, Surgeon-General until Lord Minto's arrival on July 31,
Madras Army born Aug. 25, 1847:
:
1807 :Baronet, 1803 and K.C.B. : :
educated at St. Andrews, in Germany, though he had supported Wellesley's

and at Edinburgh University M.A., :
policy of extending British power, he
1867 in the Indian Government Tele-
: continued Cornwallis' policy of neutrality
graph Department, 1868-71 editor of :
and conciliation towards the Native
the CalcuttSi Englishman, 1872-77 Fellow :
States, making concessions to Sindia and
of the Calcutta University left India, :
Holkar, and annulling protective treaties
1877: F.R.S.E., 1883: J. P.: sometime with Chiefs in Rajputana. In 1807 he
acting Editor of the Calcutta Review, and went to Madras as Governor from Dec.
of Vanity Fair : has held various local 24 :there he quarelled with the principal
appointments at Edinburgh. officers of both services the military :
combined in a general mutiny, which

BARKER, SIR GEORGE ROBERT Barlow suppressed vigorously he was :
(1817-1861) recalled and made over charge at Madras

Educated at the R.M.A., Woolwich on May 21, 1813 G.C.B., 1815 died in : :
entered the Royal Artillery in 1834 served England, Dec. 18, 1846.
:
in the Crimea became a Colonel in the

:
Indian mutiny served under Sir Colin

:
BARNARD, SIR HENRY WILLIAM
(1799-1857)
Campbell, commanding as Brigadier the
siege Artillery at the capture of Lucknow, Son the Rev. William Barnard
of
March, 1858 commanded a Brigade in
:
born in 1799 was educated at Westminster
:
subsequent operations and Sandhurst joined the Guards in :

captured Birwa
: :
K.C.B. died at Simla, July 27, 1861.

:
1814 was at the occupation of Paris
: :
served in Jamaica and Canada in the :
BARKER, SIR ROBERT, BARONET Crimea Maj -General commanded, first

: :
(I729P-1789) a Brigade, and later a Division, and was

Chief of the Staff to General Simpson :
Served in the Camatic and Bengal from K.C.B., 1856 in 1857, went to India as
:
1754 as a Captain accompanied Clive to

:
General of the Sirhind Division. Upon
Calcutta in 1757, commanding the Artil- General Anson's death at Karnal, Barnard
lery Chandernagore and Plassy
at succeeded to the command, and, moving
returned to Madras, 1758 served in :
towards r Delhi, defeated the rebels at
1792 in Colonel Draper's expedition from Badli-ka-sarai on June 8 died of cholera :
Madras to the Phillippine Islands knighted : on the ridge at Delhi, July 5, 1857.
:: :

BARNES, SIR EDWARD (1776-1838) dynasty adopted on May 27, 1875, by
:
Commander-in-Chief entered the Army :

Jamnabai, widow of the Gaekwar Khandi
in 1792 Colonel, 1810
: served in the :
Rao educated at the Maharaja's School
:
Peninsula, from 1812, commanding a at Baroda was installed, 1875

: during :
Brigade, and was in several battles Adju- his minority, there was a Council of
:
tant - General at Waterloo Regency under a British officer and Raja

severely :
^vounded Sir Tanjore Madhava Rao K.C.S.I. {q.v.) :
K.C.B. went to Ceylon,

: :
1819 Governor there from 1824 to 1831

: :
on Dec. 28, i88i,hewas given the admin-
put down the last outbreaks of the Kandy istration of the State made G.CS.I. in :
chiefs there Lt-General, 1825

: General, :
1887 an enlightened ruler, and holds
:
1831, and C. in C. in India, 1831-33 advanced views on social questions he :

:
Colonel, 31st foot and G.C.B. has several times visited Europe.
became : :
M.P. for Sudbury in 1837 : died March 19, BARR, SIR DAVID WILLIAM KEITH
1838. (1846- )
BARNES, SIR HUGH SHAKSPEAR Born Nov. 29, 1846 entered the :
(1853- Army, 1864 served in the Abyssinian

:
)
expedition boundary settlement officer
:
I.C.S. son of James Ralph Barnes,

:
in the Malwa
Bhil covmtry Assistant to :
I.C.S. born 1853

: educated at Malvern
: :
the A.G.G. for Central India, 1870
joined the Civil Service, at Allahabad,
Political agent at Jodhpur, 1878-9 in :
1874 Private Secretary to the Financial

:
Baghelkund and Rewa Resident at :
Member of Council, 1876 Political :
A.G.G.
Gwalior, 1887 in Kashmir, 1892 : :
Officer, Kandahar, 1880 Political Agent, :

for Central India, 1895 Resident at :
Quetta, 1883 Under Secretary, Foreign

:
Hyderabad, Feb. 24, 1900-March, 1905 :
Department, 1889 Deputy Secretary, :

C.S.I. K.C.S.I, 1903
: Member of the :
1890 : Revenue Commissioner, Quetta, Council of India, 1905.

1891 Resident in Kashmir, 1894 A.G.G.
: :
and Chief Commissioner, Beluchistan,

1896
BARRAS, PAUL FRANCOIS JEAN
Foreign Secretary to the Govern-
:
ment of India, 1900-3

NICOLAS, COMTE DE (1755-1829)
President of :
Central Committee for the Delhi Darbar, Chasseur of the French regiment of
1902-3 Lieutenant-Governor of Burma,
:
Pondicherry taken prisoner at the
:
1903-5 Member of the Council of India,

:
capture of Pondicherry in 1778 by Sir
1905 K.C.S.I., 1903
: K.C.V.O., 1903. :
Hector Munro at the request of the :
French Governor, B arras' regiment was

BARODA, MALHAR RAO, MAHARAJA permitted to retain its colomrs he :
GAEKWAR OF ? -1882) ( became a prisoner on parole in Madras

and Poonamali: returning to France,
Succeeded his brother, Khandi RaO,
he rose to prominence as a Director dvuring
in Nov., 1870, as ruler of Baroda com- :
the Revolution he was under orders to :
plaints of his misrule having reached

return to India, with other commissaires,
Government an inquiry was held in 1873, he became
but they never started :
and time to reform was allowed him

Commandant-General of the armies of
before the time elapsed an attempt was
Paris.
made in 1874 to poison the Resident,
Colonel R. Phayre {q.v.) in 1875, the : BARROW, SIR EDMUND GEORGE
Gaekwar was tried by a mixed Commission (1852- )
the three British officers found him guilty :

Maj -General born Jan. 28, 1852 son : :
the three native members declared the of Maj -General Joseph Lyon Barrow,
charge not proven he was then deposed :
C.B., R.A. : joined the Army, Dec. 1781 :
for gross misgovernment, and deported D.A.Q.M.G. with the Indian Contingent
:
to Madras, where he died in 1882. in Egypt, 1882, and in the Intelligence

Branch, Bengal, 1885-7 Assistant Secre- :
BARODA, SIR SAYAJI RAO III tary to the Government of India, Military
MAHARAJA GAEKWAR SHAM- Department, 1887-91 Deputy Secretary, :
SHIR BAHADUR OF (1863- )

1 897-1900 Secretary, 1901-3
: D.A.G. :
Maharaja: born March 10, 1863: Bengal, 1900 served in the Afghan :
descended from the founders of the Baroda War, 1879, Egyptian expedition, 1882,
: :
: : .
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY ig
Tirah campaign, 1897-8 Chief Staff :

provisional Government : from 1871,
Officer,China expedition, 1900 Com- took an active part in public affairs, as
manding First Division, Northern Army- member of the National Assembly
Corps, 1904. Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1880, etc. :
yet he was greatest as a scholar, and
BARROW, LOUSADA ( ? -1877) student of Philosophy was Professor of :
Greek and Latin Philosophy at the College

Joined the Madras cavalry in 1836, and
de France, 1838-52, Member of the
saw constant service, being engaged in
Institute,1839 in this year, began his
the S. Mahratta country in 1844-5, and
:
study of Sanskrit Philosophy adminis-

imder Havelock in many actions in the
:
trator of the College de France, 1849

mutiny in the Alambagh under Outram
:
:
:
accompanied Lesseps on his journey to

present at the siege and capture of Luck-
Egypt, 1855, to explore the Isthmus of
now Brevets of Major and Lt-Colonel
: :
Suez. After the death of Eugene Burnouf,

C.B. in 1858 Commissioner of Lucknow,
:
Chief Com-
Barthelemy took his place as a writer on
1864 Maj-General, 1870
: :
Indian matters in the Journal des Savants :

missioner of Oudh, Jan.-April, 1871 :
died Nov. 24, 1895 best known as a :
died Oct. i, 1877. i j

-
Greek scholar the great achievement of

:
BARTH, MARIE ETIENNE AUGUSTE his lifewas his translation of Aristotle :

(1834- also did valuable work as an Indianist i
)
among his publications are Des VedaSy

Born March 22, 1834, at Strasburg: 1854: Du Bouddhisme, 1855 : Le Bouddha
son of Etienne Barth, of the Rhone an et sa religion, 1866 : VInde Anglaise, 1887,.
Rhin Canal Company educated at the :
etc.
College Royal (now Lycee Imperial) at
Strasburg Professor of Rhetoric and
:
BARTOLOMEO, FRA PAOLINO DE
Philosophy at the College at Bouxwiller, SAN, or JOHN PHILIP WER-
1857-61 then retired from the public
:
DIN, (1748-1806)
service to devote himself to Indian study
lived first at Strasburg, then at Geneva, Studied at Prague
joined the Car- :
(1871-76), and lastly removed to Paris: melites at Rome and

learned Oriental
member of many learned societies Societe :
languages went to the Malabar coast
:
Asiatique, 1857: Academy of Inscriptions, in 1774 stayed there 14 years, and was
:
1893 Royal Asiatic Society, 1894, etc.: Col-

:
appointed Vicar-general and Apostolic
laborator in the Journal Asiatique, Revue visitor returned to Rome in 1790, to
:
Critique, etc. His chief works are: Les superintend the printing of religious works,
Religions de VInde, 1880 (also translated for the use of Indian missionaries studied :
into English) Inscriptions Sanskrites du Sanskrit, published a Sanskrit grammar

Camhodge, 1885 VInde ; Buddhisme, Jain-
:
in Tamil in 1790, and wrote largely of his.
isme, Hindouisme, 1894, etc. has pub- :
Indian travels and experiences he died :
lished a yearly bulletin of the religions of in 1806.

India in the Revue de VHistoire des Re-
ligions, 1885, etc. BARWELL, RICHARD (1741-1804)
Son of William Barwell (who was.

BARTHELEMY SAINT) HILAIRE,
Governor of Bengal in 1748) born in Cal- :
JULES (1805-1895)
cutta, Oct. 8, 1741, and joined as a
Born Aug. 19, 1805, in Paris studied :
" writer " in Bengal under the E.I. Co.
Sanskrit under Eugene Burnouf early : in 1758 made a Member of the Supreme
:
entered public life attached to the: Council under the Regulating Act of 1773,
Ministry of Finance, 1825-38 an editor : which made Warren Hastings Governor-
of the Globe, 1825-30 as a journalist, : General, and steadily supported him in
signed the protest against the July Council against Francis, Clavering, and
ordinances of Charles X. became famous : Monson fought a duel with Clavering in
:
as a politician and ardent Republican, April, 1775 resigned his seat in Council
:
and lived through several revolutions on Oct. I, 1 78 1, retiring with a large

held office several times, as colleague of fortune, reported to have been irregularly
Victor Cousin in the Ministry of Public acquired he appears to have had two
: -
Instruction in 1848, as Secretary of the

: houses in Calcutta, one at the present
::: :

" Writers' Buildings," tlie other " Kidder- came himself the Director took the :
pur House " in Alipur M.P. for St. : additional name of Bateman to complete :
Ives and Winchester, and died Sep. 2, and maintain the through telegraphic
1804. The story is told of him, as illustra- communication, he had to travel con-
tive of the luxurious living of those days, stantly to Persia, the Persian Gulf, Turkey,
that he said " bring more curricles." The Russia and India in 1869 he narrowly
:
Echoes from Old Calcutta by Dr. Busteed escaped drowning in the wreck of the
contains a picture of Barwell and some P. and O. S.S. Carnatic : he was made
account of his life and character. K.C.M.G. Dec. 31, 1885 was on the :
Councils of the Royal Geographical So-

BASEVI, JAMES PALLADIS ? -
(
ciety and of the Society of Telegraph
1871) Engineers: died Feb. i, 1887.
Son of the architect, George Basevi
was educated at Rugby, Cheltenham and BATH, THOMAS HENRY THYNNE
Addiscombe went to India in the E.I.
:
FIFTH MARQUIS OF (1862- )
Co.'s Engineers, 185 1 joined the P.W.D. : Born July 1862 son of the 4th
16, :
in Bengal was transferred in 1856 to the

: Marquis educated at Eton and Balliol
:
Great Trigonometrical Survey, and did College, Oxford Private Secretary to the
:
valuable work, especially in the principal Earl of Iddesleigh, First Lord of the
triangulation he also did good service in
: Treasury, 1886-7 Assistant Private:
reconnaissances in the Mahsud-Waziri Secretary to the Chancellor of the Exche-

expedition, i860, and in the wild tracts of quer, Lord Goschen M.P. for Frome, :
Jaipur and Bustar on the east coast, 1886-92, and 1895-6 succeeded his :
1862 : Captain, R.E. in 1864, he was : father in the peerage, 1896 Lord Lieu- :
selected specially to conduct some highly tenant of Somerset Under Secretary :
scientific investigations proposed by the of State for India, 1905.

Royal Society, for the determination of
gravity at certain stations of the great BAYLEY, CHARLES STUART
meridional arc of triangles extending (1854- )
from Cape Comorin to the Himalayas, by

I.C.S. son of Capt. Daniel Bayley,
:
pendulum observations, which lasted
Bengal Cavalry and grandson of W. B
:
some years, and necessitated exposure at
Bayley {q.v.) : educated at Harrow and
high altitudes. He crossed Kashmir and
Heidelberg entered the Indian Civil
:
Ladak and travelled through the Chanch-
Service, 1877 Political Agent in Bikanir
:
enmo valley to the Chinese frontier to :
General Superintendent for suppressing

make observations at above 16,000 feet
of Thagi and Dakaiti Agent to the :
he burst a blood-vessel, and died July 17,
Governor-General, Central India C.S.I.
1871, "a martyr to his love of science,"
:
Resident at Hyderabad, 1905.

an officer " of sterling worth and excellent
abilities."
BAYLEY, SIR EDWARD OLIVE (1821-
BATEMAN-CHAMPAIN, SIR JOHN 1884)
UNDERWOOD (1835-1887)
I.C.S. :son of E. Clive Bayley born :
Son of Colonel Agnew Champain born : Oct., 1821 educated at Haileybury

:
July 22, 1835 : educated at Cheltenham, went to India in 1842 served in the :
the Edinburgh Military Academy, and N.W.P., and the Panjab Under Secre- :
Addiscombe went to India in the Bengal

: tary in the Foreign Department in 1849 :
Engineers, 1854 in the mutiny was in

: called to the bar at the Middle Temple in
the action of Badli-ka-sarai on June 8, 1857 in the mutiny, was Under Secretary
:
1857, and at the siege and capture of to Sir J. P. Grant when temporary Lieuten-
Delhi was in several other engagements
: ant-Governor of the " Central " Provinces :
at the capture of Lucknow in March, Magte. of Allahabad was for a short time :
1858, by Sir Colin Campbell at the tak- : Foreign Secretary in 1861 Home Secre- :
ing of Jagdishpur in 1862 he went to : tary to the Government of India, 1862-

Persia in connection with the Government 72, and Member of the Supreme Council,
telegraph system: in 1865, became Assis- 1873-78 :K. C.S.I, in 1877 and CLE. : :
tant to the Director of the Indo-European Vice-Chancellor of the Calcutta University,

Telegraph Department, and in 1870 be- 1869-74, five times President of the
::
Asiatic Society of Bengal, and Vice- endeared him to all who had the privilege
President of the Royal Asiatic Society for of coming within the reach of their genial
3 years died April 30, 1884 made con-
: : influences."
siderable contributions to Indian history,
numismatics, antiquities, and archaeology BAYLY, ALFRED WILLIAM LAMBART
by his papers for the Asiatic Societies and (1866- )
other writings. Educated at Wellington : joined io8th

regt., 1874 : Bombay Staff Corps, 1879
BAYLEY. SIR STEUART COLVIN Staff College, 1893 : D.A.A. and Q.M.G :
(18:{6- ) Burma expedition, 1886-87 Afghan war, :
I.C.S. born Aug. 26, 1836 the young-

: :
1880-81 Soudan, 1885 Burma, 1886-87:
: :
est son of W. Butterworth B. (q.v.): South Africa, 1 899-1900 Colonel, C.B. :
educated at Eton and Haileybury arrived :

D.S.O.
in India, March, 1856 held minor ap- :
BEADON, SIR CECIL (1816-1880)
pointments in Bengal was Commissioner :
of Patna during the Bihar famine of I.C.S. son of Richard Beadon, grandson
:
1874 C.S.I., 1875

: Secretary to the : of Dr. Beadon, Bishop of Bath and Wells :
Government of Bengal, 1877 Additional : born in 1816 educated at Eton and

:
Secretary to the Government of India, Haileybury went out to Bengal in 1836

: :
1877 Personal Assistant to the Viceroy

: Under Secretary to the Bengal Government
(Lord Lytton) for famine affairs, 1877 : in 1843 Secretary to the Board of Revenue,
:
K.C.S.I., 1878 Home Secretary, 1878

: : 1847 Member of the Commission on the
:
Chief Commissioner of Assam, 1878-80 :

Indian postal system Secretary to the :
Resident at Hyderabad, 1881-2 C.I.E., : Government of Bengal, 1852 Home :
1881 Member of the Supreme Council,

: Secretary to the Government of India,
1882-7 Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal
: 1854 Foreign
: Secretary, 1859 Member :
from July to Dec, 1879, and from 1887-90 ;

of the Supreme Council 1860-2, and
on leaving India he became Secretary in Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, April, 1862,
the Political Department at the India to April, 1867. During this period the
Office, 1890-95 Member of the Coimcil
: mission, which met with insults, was sent
of India, 1895. to Bhutan in 1864 and the Orissa famine
:
of 1866-7 occiured for the latter, Beadon :
BAYLEY, WILLIAM BUTTERWORTH was much blamed and, on an official

(1782-1860) inquiry, his famine administration was
severely censured always sanguine, he
:
I.C.S. son of Thomas Butterworth
:
had failed to estimate adequately the signs
Bayley educated at Eton and Cam-
:
of distress and the local conditions and :
bridge went to India in 1799 served in

: :
he suffered from ill-health his general :
1803 in the " Governor-General's Office,"

administration showed marked ability
in the brilliant circle under Lord Welles-
K.C.S.I. in May, 1866 died July 18, 1880. :
ley Registrar of the Sadr Court, 1807

: :
Judge of Burdwan and other places in :

BEALE, THOMAS WILLIAM ( ? -
1 8 14 Secretary in the Judicial and Revenue
1876)
Department, and in 1819 Chief Secretary
to the Government temporary Member
:
A clerk in the ofifice of the Board of
of{the Supreme Council from July to Dec, Revenue, N.W.P. a learned scholar, who
:
1822, and substantively from 1825 to 1830 :

assisted Sir H. M. Elliot in his work on the
then he retired he officiated as Governor-
:
Muhammadans in India he wrote the :
General from March to July, 1828, between Miftah-ul-Tawarikh, and an Oriental

Lord Amherst and Lord W. Bentinck :
Biographical Dictionary : died at a great
President of the Board of Trade, 1830 :
age, at Agra, 1875.
Vice-President and Depy. Governor of
BEAMES, JOHN (1837-1902)
Bengal in 1833 he became a Director of
:
the E. I. Co., and Chairman of the Court I.C.S : born June

1837 son of 21, :
in 1840 retired 1858

: he died May 29, : Rev. Thomas Beames educated at :
i860. Kaye writes of his high official Merchant Taylors' School and at Hailey-
reputation, adding that " his unfailing bury, 1856-7 went to India, 1858
: :
kindness of heart and suavity of manner served in the Panjab, 1859-61 afterwards. :
in Lower Bengal, Commissioner of various educated at Addiscombe was : in the
Divisions and Member of the Board of Afghan war, 1839 at Ghazni : : in the
Revenue retired, 1893: an Oriental : Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 : at Mudki,
scholar: wrote in the J.A.S.B: and in Firozshahr, Sobraon Brevet - Major : :
the Indian Antiquary also Outlines of : A.D.C. to the Governor-General in the :
Indian Philology, 1867 edited Sir H. : Panjab campaign, 1848-9 at the siege :
Elliot's Supplemental Glossary of Indian and capture of Multan, and at Gujarat :
Terms, 1869 his chief work was A Com- : Q.M.G. in India, 1852-63 severely :
parative Grammar of the Aryan Languages, wounded at the siege of Delhi, 1857 :
iSyz-g and a Bengali Grammar, 1891

: : C.B., 1858 Bengal Staff Corps
: com- :
wrote in the Imperial, and Asiatic Quar- manded the Sirhind Division, 1865-9 •
terly Reviews died May 42, 1902. : Maj-General, 1861 died Oct, 5. 1887. :
BEATSON, GEORGE STEWARD ( ? - BECHER, JOHN REID (1819-1884)

1874)
General son of Colonel John Becher,
M.D. Glasgow, 1836 entered the Army :
:
Medical Department, 1838 served in ;

of the Bengal Cavalry bom 18 19 : :
educated at Bruce Castle, Tunbridge Wells,

Ceylon, 1839-51 in the Burmese war of :
1852 :the Crimea, Ionian Islands, Madras :

and Addiscombe went to India in the
:
vSurgeon-General in India and P.M.O. of

Bengal Engineers in 1839 from Firozpur :
with Wild's Brigade, to relieve Ali Masjid

European troops, 1863-8, and again,
in Jan. 1842, and on with General Pollock's
1 871-4 was in charge of Netley Hospital
:
advance to Kabul in Satlaj campaign, :

1868-71 Honorary Physician to the
:
at Sobraon, Feb. 10, 1846, severely

Queen C.B. 1869
: died at Simla, June :
wounded engaged in Rajputana boundary

:
7, 1874.
settlements, 1847, and on land inquiries
BEATSON, STUART BROWNLOW in the Panjab Deputy Secretary to the
:
(1854- )
Panjab Board of Administration Deputy :
Born July 1854 son of Capt. W. S. II, :

Commissioner of Hazara, 1853-9 C.B '•
:
Beatson, of the H.E.I.C.S educated at :

in Sydney Cotton's expedition of 1858
Wellington joined the Indian Army, :
against the Sitana fanatics Commissioner :
1873 :served on N.W. Frontier, 1878, of the Derajat, 1862 and of Peshawar, :
in Afghanistan, 1878-80 Egypt, 1882 : :

1864 retired in 1866
: died July 9, 1884 : :
N.W. Frontier, 1897-98 South Africa, :

one of the distinguished group of officers
1901 Inspr-General of Imperial Service
:
employed in the Panjab under the Law-
Troops Colonel and C.B.
:
rences in the early days after its annexation
in 1849 :
" of all prominent Panjab
BEATSON, WILLIAM FERGUSON there was certainly none
officials more
(1804-1872) loved and respected than Becher."
General son of Captain Robert Beat-
:
BECHER, RICHARD ( ? -1782)
son, R.E entered the Bengal Army in
:
1820 :served, while on furlough, with the Related to Anne Becher, mother
of
British Legion in Spain, 1835-6 at the : W. M. Thackeray the novelist went out :
capture of Jigni in Bundelkund, 1840 : to Calcutta as a writer in the E. I, Co.'s

Chirgong, 1841 in the Sind compaign, : service, 1743 in 1756 was Fourth in the
:
1844 :served under Sir C. Napier, 1845, Bengal Council and Chief of Dacca when :
in the Bugti hills commanded the Nizam's : Calcutta was taken by Suraj-ud-daula,
cavalry took Rymow from the Rohillas
: Becher with his family escaped from the
in 1848 organised the Bashi-bazouks in
: city, with others returning, 1757, when
:
the Crimean campaign, 1854-5 in the : Calcutta was retaken by the English.
mutiny, raised two regiments of cavalry, In 1 76 1 Becher was dismissed from the
named, " Beatson's Horse " commanded : Company's service for having signed Clive's
the Allahabad Division, 1866, and the independent letter of remonstrance to the
Umbala Division, 1869 died Feb. 4, 1872. : Directors two years before. Six years
later, 1767, when Clive was Governor of
BECHER, SIR ARTHUR MITFORD Bengal, Becher was re-appointed to the
(1816-1887) Bengal Council, and in 1769 was made
General : son of Colonel G. Becher : Resident at Murshidabad, with local
: :
control of the revenue administration of dency, (400 trees). The Ferns of Southern
Bengal. He deserves to be remembered India, (345 plates). Hand-book to the Ferns
for his heroic efforts, in the face of mis- of India, besides pamphlets on new reptiles
representation and slander, to alleviate and land shells discovered by him in
the horrors of the great famine of 1770 in India.
Bengal noted for his honesty, during
:
under the Company

his 13 years of service :
BEIDERLINDEN, RIGHT REV. BER-
took no private gifts or bribes. In 1774, NARD, D.D. (1842- )
he retired to England with a modest for-

German born at Miinster, Aug. 18,
:
tune, which he soon after risked and lost

1842 entered the Society of Jesus, Aug.
:
in trying to help a friend returned to :

23, 1865 arrived in India, Nov. 6, 1879
: :
India :was given a subordinate post as occupied various posts in colleges, etc.,
head of the Calcutta Mint, 1781 died ;
became Superior of the Jesuit Mission,
Nov. 17, 1782, at Calcutta. nominated first Catholic
Oct. 4, 1882 :
BECK, THEODORE (1859-1899) Bishop of Poona, Suffragan of Bombay,

Dec. 22, 1886, consecrated, Feb. 27, 1887,
Of a Quaker family educated at a :
at Allahabad still in occupation of the
:
Quaker school, at London University,

See.
Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge
President of the Union Debating Society :
BELL, REV. DR. ANDREW, D.D.
appointed Principal of the M.A.O. College, (1753-1832)
Alighar, when he was only 24 he re- :
" The eminent founder of the Madras

organized the College, establishing order
out of chaos, reformed the discipline, system of education " son of a barber :
introduced improvements, adjusted the at St. Andrew's born March 27, 1753 :
'•
finances,was devoted to his work and in educated at St. Andrew's School and
warm sympathy with the Muhammadans :
University ordained, 1784 : M.D. tutor : :
working with Sir Syad Ahmad (q.v.) until in Virginia, 1774-9 went to India, 1787 '•
:
his death, in 1898, and afterwards with in 2 years he had obtained and held simul-
the trustees of the institution : died at taneously eight Army chaplaincies in :
Simla, Sep. 2, 1899. 1789 he was Chaplain of St. Mary's,

Madras, and Superintendent of the Madras
BECKWITH, SIR THOMAS SYDNEY Male Orphan Asylum, and there introduced
(1772-1831) a system of mutual instruction by the
Son of Maj -General Beckwith boys, who were thus alternately learners
J. :
foined the 71st regt. in India in 1791, then and teachers, one half of the class teaching
under Col. D. Baird {q.v.) was at the :
the other half accompanied]Genl. Braith-
:
siege of Seringapatam by Lord Cornwallis waite to capture of Pondicherry, 1793 :
in 1792 and the taking of Pondicherry by with a pension from the E.I.Co.,he returned
Baird in 1793 served also in Ceylon, at
:
to England in 1797, and laboured hard
Copenhagen, at Hanover, in Denmark, the to spread his system at home and abroad :
Peninsula, Canada Maj-General and
:
it was adopted in places Rector of :
K.C.B., 1814 Lt-General, 1830

: was :
Swanage, 1801, Master of Sherbinrn
appointed C. in C. at Bombay in 1829: died Hospital, 1809 as Superintendent,
: in
of fever at Mahableshwar, Jan. 19, 1831. 18 1 1, of the National Society for promoting
the education of the poor in the principles
BEDDOME, RICHARD HENRY of the Established Church, he could
(1830- ) advance his Madras system, but it could
Born May 11, son of R. B.
1830 :
not be an entire system of education he :
Beddome : educated at
Charterhouse was made LL.D also a Prebendary of :
joined the Madras Army was Quarter- :

Westminister gave ^120,000 to found a
:
master and Interpreter of his regiment, College at St. Andrew's died Jan. 27, :
42nd Infantry, 1856 Assistant Conser-

:
1832, and was buried in Westminster
vator of Forests, Madras, 1857 Head of :
Abbey a tablet erected to his memory.
:
the Madras Forest Department, i860 to

1882, when he retired as Colonel Fellow :
BELL, THOMAS EVANS (1825-1887)
of the Madras University, 1880 author : Major born Nov. 11,1825 son of William
: :
of The Flora Sylvatica of the Madras Presi- Bell educated at Wandsworth

: went :
to Madras in the E. I. Go's military service, Chaplain of St. John's Church for 4 years :
1841 joined the 2nd Madras Europeans

: : edited there the Bengal Hurkaru re- :
appointed Assistant Commissioner at turning to England in 1855, he became

Nagpur, 1855, lost his appointment, i860, a popular preacher in London, but in 1868
for insubordination to the Chief Commis- was a convert to Roman Catholicism, and
sioner in advocating the claims of the supported himself by public readings and
dispossessed ruling family all the measures : literary work he had great success as a
:
recommended by Major Bell were, however, master of elocution and from his handsome
approved and carried out by Lord Can- appearance he died June 19, 1874.
:
ning, and he was appointed Deputy Com-

missioner of Police at Madras, 1861 : BELLI, JOHN ( ? - ? )
retired 1863: devoted the remainder of Born England, of a noble Italian

in
his life to advocating measures for the family, probably of Viterbo, his mother
benefit of India and its people wrote The :
being a lady of Spanish origin named
Task of To-day, 1852 The English in :
Bivar entered the E. I. Co's. service and
:
India, 1859 The Empire in India, 1864

: :
became Private Secretary to Warren
Remarks on the Mysore Blue Book, 1866 :
Hastings, he married a
about 1770-5 =
The Mysore Reversion, 1865 Retrospects :

sister of Sir Charles Cockerell; his daugh-
and Prospects of Indian Policy, 1868 : ters married Dr. Howley, Archbishop of
The Oxus and the Indus, 1869 1874: The :
Canterbury; E. Horsley Palmer, M.P.
Great Parliamentary Bore, 1869 Our :
and Sir C. E. Carrington (q.v.)
Great Vassal Empire, 1870, The Bengal
Reversion, 1872 Last Counsels of an
:
BENARES, BALWANT SINGH, RAJA
Unknown Counsellor, 1877 Memoirs of :
OF (1717-?1770)
General John Briggs, 1886 died Sep. :
Son of Mansa Ram and father of Chait :
12, 1887. Singh (q.v.) all of the Dhuinhar caste

: :
succeeded 1740 died

BELLE W, HENRY WALTER (1834- his father, :
1892) Aug. 19 1770, being succeeded by Chait

Singh Balwant was the real founder and
:
Son of Capt. H. W. Bellew, of the consoUdator of the Benares Raj.

Bengal Army : born Aug. 30, 1834 :
educated at St. George's Hospital, London BENARES, CHAIT SINGH, RAJA OF

M.D. : the Crimean war
in went to : ( ? -1810)
Tndia in the Bengal Medical service, 1856 :
Son of Balwant Singh, the Raja of
with Sir H. B. Lumsden's {q.v.) mission to Benares, who
died in 1770, when Chait
Kandahar in 1857-8 in the Umbeyla :
Singh became Raja in 1775 was declared :
campaign :Surgeon of Peshawar

Civil :
independent of Oudh (of which he had
interpreter at the Umbala darbar of 1869 been a vassal) and made tributary to the
with the Amir Shir Ali was on Sir R. :
English Govermnent on a fixed annual
Pollock's mission to Seistan, 1871, and payment in 1778, Warren Hastings
:
Sir T. D. Forsyth's mission to Kashgar demanded from him, besides the annual
and Yarkand, 1873-4 C.S.L in 1873 : :
tribute, five lakhs of rupees, which were

Chief Political officer at Kabul in the second recovered from him with the help of
Afghan war retired as Surgeon-
Similar demands were made from
:
troops.
General, 1886 died July 26, 1892 he :
:
him in 1779 and 1780 in the latter year, :
had a faculty for learning Oriental lan- a contingent of men was demanded,
guages, and wrote about them as well as according to his tenure as Raja, for the
about medical subjects and the countries public service he evaded, and did not
:
which he had visited and their inhabitants. furnish a single man a fine of 50 lakhs was:
imposed,; and Warren Hastings personally

BELLEW, REV. JOHN CHIPPENDALL went to Benares, to levy the fine on Chait
MONTESQUIEU (1823-1874) Singh, who received him submissively.
Son R. Higgins
of Capt. born Aug. : Chait Singh was made, Aug. 16, 1781, a
3, 1823 educated at Lancaster, and St.
:
prisoner in his own palace at feenares, but
Mary's Hall, Oxford took his mother's : his people rose, attacked and killed the
family name in 1844 ordained in 1848 : : guards. In the confusion, Chait Singh
went to Calcutta in 1851 and became escaped. Hastings withdrew to Chunar :
:
Major Popham advanced in force, and Northern India, 1886 and Catalogues of :
defeated Chait Singh's forces at Benares, Buddhist Sanskrit MSS at Cambridge, and
Latifpur and Bijaighar the tribute was : of .Sanskrit Pali books, and MSS, in the
doubled, when a nephew of Chait Singh British Museum, besides other works on
was made Raja. Chait Singh, with a few Sanskrit.
followers, took refuge in Gwalior and lived
there until his death on March 29, 1810. BENFEY, THEODOR (1809-1881)
BENARES, SIR ISRI PRASAD NARA- Born Jan. studied from 1824
28, 1809 :
YAN SINGH, MAHARAJA BAHA- at Gottingen Doctor of Philosophy, 1828

: :
DUR of (1822-1889) also studied at Munich taught at Frank- :
fort, 1830-4 made Privat Docent, 1834

: :
Born 1822: nephew and adopted son ordinary Professor of the philosophical
of Raja Udit Singh of Benares, whom faculty, 1862 laboured at classical
:
he succeeded in 1835 belonged to :

philology, Sanskrit language and litera-
the Bhuinhar family, from which came
ture, and the science of language left his :
Balwant Singh and Chait Singh he :

mark on Oriental research in the front :
rendered conspicuous service during the rank as a Vedic scholar and Sanskrit
mutiny and largely assisted in maintaining grammarian studied the early fable
:
order in the city and neighbouring country

literature of India and other countries :
made Maharaja Bahadur in 1859 G. C.S.I, :

edited the Sama Veda, 1848 wrote a :
in 1877 received the title of " His

Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1866, and
:
Highness " in 1889 as a personal distinc-

a Grammar of the Vedic language Fellow :
tion :and a salute of 15 guns had no son, :

of the Society of Letters, Gottingen :
and was succeeded in his immense estates F.R.A.S. of Great Britain, and of other
by his nephew, the present Maharaja :
learned societies wrote Vedica und :
was a great patron of literature, several Linguistica, 1880 Vedica und Verwandtes,
:
poets resided at his court and wrote works

1880 : died June 30, 1881.
under the Maharaja's name died June :
13, 1889. BENFIELD, PAUL ( ? -1810)
In the E. I. Co.'s Civil Service went to :
BENARES, MAHARAJA SIR PRABHU India in 1764 in Madras he made money

:
NARAIN SINGH. BARADUR OF by trade, lending, and contracts, and had

(1855- )
large money dealings with the Nawab of
Born Nov. 26, 1855 succeeded as :
the Carnatic one of these being un-
:
nephew and adopted son of Maharaja Isri favourably regarded by the Coiurt of
Prasad {q.v.), on June 13, 1889 received :
Directors in 1777, he resigned the service
the title of His Highness as a personal dis- and retired to England, 1779 but, having :
tinctionin Sep. 1889 G.C.I.E., Jan. 1898

: :
demanded an inquiry and explained, he
has a salute of 13 guns. was reinstated and returned to Madras,
finally retiring in 1793 lost his fortune in :
BENDALL, CECIL (1856- speculations and died in want, 18 10 M.P. :
Born July i, 1856 ediicated at City

:
for Cricklade in 1780.
of London School, Trinity and Caius
Colleges, Cambridge first class. Classical
:
BENGALI, SORABJI SHAPURJI (1831
-1893)
Tripos, and first class Indian Languages
Tripos: Fellow, Caius College, 1879-85: Born Feb. 15, 1831 son of a Calcutta :
at the British Museum, in the Department merchant educated at the Education

:
of Oriental MSS. and printed books, Society's school (now Elphinstone High
1882-98 Curator of Oriental Literature
: School) in Bombay employed in the :
in the Cambridge University Library,i892 : Bombay branch of the Bank of Ceylon and
Professor of Sanskrit at University College, subsequently in the Commercial Bank of
London, 1885-1903, and at Cambridge India : went, in 1853, to the Mercantile
since 1903 (previously Sanskrit lecturer Bank and, in 1858, became Assistant to
there) travelled in India and Nipal, 1884-5
: Muncherji Framji Cama was well read :
and 1898-9 on the Council of the R. A .S.,

: in Gujarati and English and brought out
1901 published A Journey of Literary
: several Gujarati periodicals. In 1868, he
and AfchcBological Research in Nipal and visited Europe. He assisted Naoroji
:

Furdunji in advocating social and
{q.v.) The eloquent inscription on his statue in
political reforms they were joint Honor-
: Calcutta was written by Macaulay iq.v.)
ary Secretaries to the Parsi Law Associa- (Legal Member of Council from Nov.,
tion from 1855, which obtained certain 1834.) Bentinckwas greatly regretted on
measures for the Parsis
legislative in : his retirement. He became M.P. for
1 he was consulted by the Governor
871 Glasgow in 1837 refused a peerage, and
:
of Bombay on the new Municipal Act, died June 17, 1839.

became a Member of the Bombay Cor-
poration, and, in 1876, a Member of the
BENTLEY, JOHN ( ?
Bombay Legislative Council ; was a
Fellow of the Bombay University owing :
Member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
to his exertions, the Indian Factory Act of wrote Historical View of Hindu As-
1881 became law : in 1881 he was made tronomy, 1823 his earlier treatise, on
:
CLE. and Sheriff of Bombay : in 1885, the Antiquity of the Suryasiddhanta, 1799,
was a member of the Abkari Commission :
threw doubts on the antiquity of Indian
died April 4, 1893. astronomy, and called forth a severe
critique in the Edinburgh Review, to which
Bentley replied in the Asiatic Researches
BENTINCK, LORD WILLIAM CAVEN- :
one of the greatest mathematicians of his

DISH (1774-18:{9)
time in India :he also wrote, on the
Governor-General son of the 3rd Duke
:
Principal Eras and Dates of the Ancient
of Portland, born Sep. 14, 1774 entered :
Hindus.
the Army 1791, saw service in the Nether-
lands, in Italy, with the Austrian forces : BENWELL, JOSEPH AUSTIN ( ?- ?)
Governor of Madras, from Aug., 1803, to
Artist : resided for some time, prior to
Sep., 1 807, whenjon account of the mutiny of
sepoys against their officers at Vellore, for 1856, in India : conspicuous for original
which he was held responsible, the Court of and pleasing delineations of native life,
Directors recalled him: changes affecting the landscape and buildings in India, evi-
sepoys had been introduced by the C. in C, dently drawn on the spot chiefly known
:
with the support of the Governor. He as a draughtsman on wood of Eastern

subjects, principally Indian and Chinese :
was employed in Portugal and commanded
a Brigade at Corunna exhibited at the Royal Academy up to
as Lt-General he
:
1883 illustrated Capt. M. Rafter's Our

was C. in C. in Sicily, 181 1, served in Spain, :
and led an expedition against Genoa, 1814. Indian Army, and Capper's Three Presi-
dencies of India : nearly all his drawings
After 13 years without employment, he
was'Governorof Bengal from July, 1828, was on wood are in the periodicals and journals
of the 'sixties, such as the Illustrated
C. in C. from May, 1833, and the first
Governor-General of India from Nov., 1834, London News, and, to about 1876, the
to March, 1835 publications of the ReHgious Tract Society:
it devolved on him to
:
insist on economies to restore financial

he illustrated also The Indian Nabob of
equilibrium, to reform the land revenue 100 years ago, by G. E. Sargent in The
settlement in the N.W.P., to establish a Leisure Hour for 1858, a story of con-
Board siderable merit of the British conquest
of Revenue in the N.W.P. and
reorganize the judicial courts, to devote
and settlement of Bengal he painted a :
series of dissolving views of Indian life,

funds to education through the medium
of English, and to increase the employment exhibited in London before 1862 his :
signature on drawings is usually J.B.

of educated natives in higher offices. He
also by Regulation abolished the practice but occasionally J.A.B.
of suttee, and suppressed the Thags.
He took over the administration of
BERAR, RAGHOJI BHONSLA II, RAJA
Mysore. He met Ranjit Singh, ruler of
OF ? -1816) (
the Panjab, on the Satlaj. In general he Raja of Nagpur, or Berar succeeded :
reformed the administration in a liberal his father, Madhoji Bhonsla, as Raja in

spirit, and established the principle that, 1788, took part in the victory of the
in the Government of India,the interests Mahrattas over Nizam Ali of Hyderabad
of the people should have the first claim. at Kurdla in March, 1795. After the
His memory is still cherished by the natives. treaty of Bassein (Dec. 1802), he joined
in the Mahratta war against the British, into an institution, and acquired
official
and was beaten at Assaye on Sep. 23, 1803, a reputation absolutely unique " retired :
and again at Argaum on Nov. 28, 1803 : from India in 1894 died in England, :
he had then to cede Cuttack and Berar to Dec. 28, 1900. He was invaluable as
the English, so that only Nagpur remained A.D.C. and Military Secretary to successive
to him :his demand for their restoration Viceroys popular and active
: a keen :
was refused he died in 1816. : sportsman and successful rider of steeple-

chases and polo-player
: and for years :
BERAR, RAGHOJI BHONSLA III, kept a stud of racehorses with which he

RAJA OF (1808P-1853) won the Viceroy's Cup six times and the
other principal races at race-meetings in
Raja of Nagpur grandson of Raghoji :
India. In England, also, he had a racing
Bhonsla II (q.v.), adopted by his widow
stable, and was one of the first to have
and made Raja as a child of 9, after the American horses and jockeys.
flight of Appa Sahib {q.v.). When he died
in 1853, leaving no heir or relation with BERNADOTTE, JOHN BAPTISTE
any claim, Nagpur was incorporated into JULIUS (1764-1844)
British territory.
King of Sweden and Norway, as Charles
BERESFORD, GEORGE READ XIV born of humble parents
: at Pau in
EDWARD (1815-1857) Bearne, 1764 he enlisted in the French
:
army in 1780, and was, when a serjeant,

Born Aug. 3, 1815 son of Thomas :
taken prisoner at the siege of Cuddalore in
Beresford went to India, 1834-5
: ap- :
1783 became General in 1793, served in
:
pointed first manager of the Cawnpur Napoleon's campaigns and became, as :
Bank, about 1843 transferred, 1849, to :

Charles XIV, King of Sweden and Norway
be the head manager of the Delhi Bank :
in 1818 : died March 8, 1844.
massacred with his wife and five daughters,
on May 11, 1857, at the Bank-house at BERNARD, SIR CHARLES EDWARD
Delhi, by the mutineers from Meerut : (1837-1901)
Beresford had declined the offer of escaping I.C.S. son of Dr. F. Bernard, of
:
J.
with his family, refusing to abandon his Clifton, and nephew of the first Lord
charge of the Bank he and his family :
Lawrence born in 1837 : educated at :
defended themselves on the roof of an out- Rugby, Addiscombe and Haileybury be- :
house, but were overpowered a tablet :

gan his service in the Pan jab in 1858 in :
was placed to their memory in the Church the Central Provinces till 1871 from :
at Delhi he was a learned Oriental

:
1871 to 1875 was Secretary to the Bengal
scholar, keen archaeologist and photo-
Government, member of the Bengal
grapher author of The Handbook of
:
Legislative Council, famine Secretary dur-
Delhi.
ing the Bihar famine of 1874 C.S.I. 1875 : "•
,
Secretary to Sir R. Temple on his famine

BERESFORD, LORD WILLIAM LES-
mission to Madras and Bombay in 1877 :
LIE DE LA POER (1847-1900)

Home Secretary to the Government of
Third son of the fourth Marquis of India, 1878-80 Chief Commissioner of
:
Waterford born July 20, 1847

: edu- : Burma, 1880-1888 K.C.S.I., 1886 on: :
cated at Eton entered the 9th Lancers

: retirement from India was appointed
in 1867 A.D.C. to Viceroys of India,
: Secretary in the Revenue and Statistics
1875 to 1881, and Military Secretary to the Department, India Office retired in :
Viceroys from 1881 to 1894. He saw 1901. He died at Chamouni Sep. 19.
service in the Jowaki expedition, 1877-8 ; 1901. In 1893 he edited the autobio-
in the Zulu war, 1879, where he gained graphical Memoirs of Sir George Campbell.
the Victoria Cross ; in the Afghan war, iq.v.) Bernard was remarkable for his
1880, and was in Burma, 1886 Lt- : personal activity and indefatigable energy.
Colonel in 1890 K.C.I. E., 1894. On
: No one has worked harder throughout an
Dec. 30, 1893, he was entertained at a fare- arduous career. An officer of the highest
well dinner at the Town Hall, Calcutta, by principles in public and private life, he
180 friends it was then said of him that
:
gained universal esteem and affection,
he " had raised the office [of Military Sec- even from those who differed from his
retary] to a science, and himself from an
: :

BERNOULLI, JEAN (1744-1807) BETHUNE, SIR HENRY LINDESAY»
Born at Basle, Nov. 4, 1744 son of the :
BARONET .(1787-1851)
elder Jean Bernoulli belonged to a : Son of Major M. E. Lindesay joined :
family celebrated as mathematicians the Madras Artillery in 1810 was six feet :
J ean the younger was a great astronomer : eight in height was in Sir John Mal-
:
from 1763 was in this capacity a mem- colm's mission to Persia in 18 10, stayed
ber of the Academy of Sciences at there some years to drill the Persian Army,,
Berlin : became Director of the Mathe- fighting with it against the Russians
matical Class at the Academy wrote : returned to England in 1821 and left the
also on geographical subjects notably : E.I. Co.'s service assumed the name of :
his Description historigue et geographique Bethune again out to Persia in 1834,

:
de VInde, 1786, consisting of his French helped to quell a rebellion, was made a
translation of Pere Joseph Tieffenthaler's Baronet at the Shah's request in 1836-9 :
Geographic de Vindoustan (originally in was again in Persia, and died at Tabriz

Latin), Recherches historiques et chrono- in 1851.
logiques sur VInde, by Anquetil du Perron,
with the addition of maps by James BETHUNE, JOHN ELLIOT DRINK-
Rennell died at Berlin, July 13, 1807.
: WATER (1801-1851)
BESANT, ANNIE (1847- Son of Lt-Colonel J. Drinkwater

Bethune educated at Trinity College,
:
Born Oct. 1847 daughter of William

i, :
Cambridge called to the bar, 1827 was
: :
Page Wood educated privately in Eng-

:
Counsel to the Home Office for many
land, Germany and France married :
years became Legal Member of the Su-
:
Rev. Frank Besant, 1867, but legally preme Council of the Government of
separated from him, 1872 joined the :
India in April, 1848. Besides his ordinary'-
National Secular Society, 1874 worked '•
work in charge of legislation and as Mem-

with Charles Bradlaugh M.P. in Labour ber of Council, Bethune was President of
and Socialist movements : co-editor of the Council of Education he established :
the National Reformer, member of the the Bethune School, which still exists, for
Fabian Society, and Social Democratic the Education of native girls died at ;
Federation was a member of the London

:
Calcutta Aug. 12, 1851.
School Board, 1887-90 joined the :
Theosophical Society, 1880 and became : BHANDARKAR, RAMKRISHNA GOw

a devoted pupil of Madame Blavatsky : PAL (1837- )
founded the Central Hindu College at Orientalist and social reformer : bora
Benares, 1898 author of many books and
:
educated at Ratnagiri and
July 6, 1837 :
pamphlets, including Karma, Four Great Elphinstone College, Bombay M.A., :
Religions, Dharma, Esoteric Christianity,

1866 :Dakhshina Fellow there 1859, and
The Religious Problem in India, etc joint- :
later in the Dekkan College, Poona, till
editor of the Theosophical Review.
1864 :in the Bombay Education Depart-
ment, 1864-93 Head-master of Hydera-
BEST. SAMUEL (1808 ?-l85l)
bad (Sind)
:
and Ratnagiri High Schools^

Captain, Madras Engineers entered : 1864-9 acting Professor of Sanskrit and
:
the service in 1826 Secretary to the : Oriental Languages in Elphinstone College^

Board of Revenue in the P.W.D., 1842 : Assistant Professor many years, till 1881 :
planned the Singapore fortifications, and Professor of Sanskrit at Dekkan College^
was made Superintendent of roads in Poona, 1882-93 Fellow of Bombay :
Madras, 1845 under him road-making

: University from 1866 Syndic, 1873-81 ; ;
was very well managed under fixed rules : Vice-Chancellor, 1893-5 Hon. LL.D., :
he executed many important works in the 1904 : Member of the Governor-General's

Madras Presidency such as the Southern : Legislative Council, 1903-4, when the
Trunk Road and the Goolcheroo Pass : Universities Act was passed Member of :
and made valuable contributions to the Bombay Legislative Council, 1904-5 t

Madras Literary Transactions and the Fellow of Calcutta University, 1887 :.
Madras Engineering papers died of : Member of learned Societies, e.g. R.A.S.

jungle fever at Chitore on his return from London, 1874 R.A.S. Bombay, 1865 ;
;
the hills, Oct. 5, 1851. German Oriental Society, 1887 ; Americaa

:

Oriental Society, 1887 ; Asiatic Society Chief Medical Officer in the Baroda State,
of Italy, 1887 ; of Imperial Academy of 1875-85 President
: of the Bombay
Science, St. Petersburg, 1888 : Foreign Municipal Corporation author of several :
member of the French Institute, 1895 : treatises made a Knight Bachelor, Feb.
:
also of the International Congress of 7, 1900.

Orientalists,London, 1874 and of ;
Vienna, 1886, which he attended BHAU DAJI, OR RAMKRISHNA

CLE., 1887 retired from service, 1893
: :
VITAL (1821-187-J)
Hon. Phil. Dr. Gottingen University :
ASarasvat Gond Brahman, and son of
has contributed largely to the Journals a small farmer of Mandra, in Goa edu- :
and Transactions of learned Societies, cated in the Native Education Society's

especially in Bombay, on philological and School in Bombay, and became a
antiquarian subjects : also to the Indian teacher in the Elphinstone School joined, :
Antiquary : first lecturer on the Wilson 1845, the Grant Medical College as a stu-
Lectureship, Bombay University re- :
dent, and graduated in 1850 as a practi- :
ported on his searches for Sanskrit MSS. tioner, achieved great popularity and
in the Bombay Presidency edited the :
success made original researches in the
:
text of the Sanskrit Malati-Madhava : use of Indian drugs, with a special view to
and has written Sanskrit educational discovering a cure for leprosy in its earlier
works :is a leader of the enlightened stages, and contributed some valuable
religious movement of the Prathna Samaj papers to the A nfiquary : was a member
in W. India as a social reformer has
:
of the chief educational and learned
practically supported the re-marriage of Societies in Bombay a Fellow of the :
widows, and in politics is a moderate University, a Justice of the Peace, the

progressive. first native Sheriff of Bombay in 1869 and
BHASKARANANDA, SWAMI (1833- 1 871 was also Dr.

: died of paralysis in
:
1899) 1874-
Motiram (his early name) was born in
HARI
BHIDE, GOPALRAO (1843-
the village Maithilalpur in Cawnpur,
of
1896)
about 6 miles from the residence of Nana
Sahib (q.v.) rat 8, he learnt the elements A native of Mahapada
in the Presidency
of Sanskrit, and completed his study on of Bombay son of a learned Brahman
:
Panini (grammar) at 17 renounced the :

of the old type, who, too poor to maintain
world, went on pilgrimage, and wandered his family, migrated to Kalyan educated :
in search of knowledge studied Vedanta :

at Poona entered the railway service as a
:
philosophy at Ujain, became a Sanyasi signaller, employed in the Berars and

(devotee) at 27, assuming the name of afterwards at Nagpur became a clerk in :
Bhaskarananda, (the sun-enchanted). For the Magistrate's office and read law in :
mental discipline, he kept silence for 1869 became a Pleader and obtained a
several months, and often roamed about lucrative practice devoted himself to
:
the banks of the Ganges with head un- social reforms, particularly female educa-
covered in the sun for hours together :
tion, the re -marriage of widows, and
lived for several years at Hardwar absorbed improvement of modes of agriculture :
in the study of Bhagavat Gita and the through his proprietary

advice the first
Upanishads : migrated to Benares and cotton mill was established at Nagpiu: :

lived a life of great austerity, devotion, died Jan. 4, 1896.
contemplation and study, till he died in
July, 1899 was a bright -looking ascetic,
BHOPAL, NAWAB SHAH JEHAN,
:
always cheerful and of intense spiritual

BEGAM OF (1838-1901)
energy European savants and Princes,
:
Born July 3, 1838 proclaimed ruler of :
going to Benares, used to visit him three :

Bhopal, Jan. 10, 1847, her mother,
marble statues have been raised in his Sikandar Begam (q.v.) being Regent :
honour. abdicated May i, i860, in favour of her

mother, on whose death, Oct. 30, 1868, she
BHATAWADEKAR, SIR BHATCHAN- succeeded to the government of the
DRA KRISHNA (1852- )
State she married, first Bakshi Bahi
:
Educated at Elphinstone High School Muhammad Khan, (who died 1867), and
and Grant Medical College, Bombay: had one daughter, the present Nawab
::

Sultan Jehan Begam and second in 1871, : College, St. Bartholomew's : took his
her Prime Minister, Nawab Maulvi Mu- medical degree in 1855 gazetted Assis- :
hammad Sadik Hussein, of a noble Bokhara tant Surgeon first to Hongkong, then to :
family she was made G.C.S.I, in 1872,

: Mianmir near Lahore in 1856 was Staff :
and administered her State with ability, Assistant Surgeon served through the :
benevolence, and loyalty to the Govern- mutiny and travelled widely, exploring in
ment of India Member of the Order of
: Tibet and the Himalayas in 1861, re- :
the Crown of India died June 16, 1901.

: signed his commission. In 1862, as an
English Muhammadan gentleman he
BHOPAL, NAWAB SIKANDAR resided in Cairo, and, undisguised, per-
BEGAM OF (1816-1868) formed a pilgrimage to Mecca he travelled :
Daughter of Nuzzur Mahomed Khan, also in Persia, to perfect his translation

the Nawab of Bhopal and the Kudsia of Hafiz visited the : in Kum mosque
Begam born in 1816
: married, April : Persia, 1869 : eminent as a linguist and
18, 1835, her cousin the Nawab Jehangir traveller : died March 14, 1875.
Muhammad Khan : after his death, on
Dec. 9, 1844, she was appointed Regent, BIDDULPH, JOHN (1840
in Feb. 1847, and behaved with great Colonel born July 25, 1840
: son of :
loyalty to the British Government in the Robert Biddulph, of Ledbury educated :
mutiny. In 1859 she was proclaimed at Westminster entered the Bengal :
Ruler, her daughter. Shah Jehan, resigning Cavalry and arrived in India, 1858 :
her rights during the mother's life. Sikan- served in the mutiny joined the Indian :
dar Begam ruled with great vigour, Staff Corps A.D.C. to Lord Northbrook
:
ability and loyalty to the British Govern- when Viceroy, 1872-6 member of the :
ment :she received rewards after the mission to Yarkand, 1873-4 employed :
mutiny, was made K.C.S.I. in 1861 : on a secret mission to countries beyond

G.C.S.I. in 1866 made the pilgrimage to
: Gilgit, 1877 acting A.G.G. Beluchistan,
:
Mecca in 1863 died Oct. 30, 1868.

: May-Nov., 1882 Political Agent, Bhopa- :
war, 1882 Haraoti and Tonk, 1886

: :
BHOWNAGRI, SIR MANCHERJI Resident and Commissioner, Ajmir, 1890 :
MERWANJI (1861- ) Officiating Agent, Beluchistan, 1891 :
Son of a distinguished Parsi merchant acting Resident at Gwalior, 1892 Resi- :
educated at the Elphinstone College and dent at Baroda, 1893 reverted to mili- :
Bombay University began life as a

: tary duty, 1895 author of Tribes of :
journalist State agent in Bombay for

: the Hindu Kush, 1880 The Nineteenth :
the Bhaunagar Raja, 1873 M.P. for : and their Times, 1899 Stringer Lawrence, :
Bethnal Green since 1895 author of :

1901.
History of the Constitution of the East India
Company, a Gujarati translation of //".Af.'s BIDDULPH, SIR MICHAEL ANTHONY
Life in the Highlands. K.C.I.E. SHRAPNEL (1823-1904)
Son of Thomas Shrapnel
the Rev.
BICKERTON, SIR RICHARD, Biddulph, of Amroth Castle, Pembroke-
BARONET (1727-1792) shire born in 1823
: educated at Wool- :
Entered the Navy, 1739 served in the : wich entered the Royal Artillery in
:
W. Indies, the Mediterranean, the Channel, 1843 :Captain, 1850 Brevet-Major, :
again the W. Indies and Channel 1854 :Maj-General, 1877 General, :
knighted, 1773 Baronet, May, 1778

= : 1886 he served throughout the Crimean
:
in the battle of Ushant, July, 1778 to : campaign in India he was Deputy

:
the E. Indies as Commodore, 1782-4 at : Adjutant General of Artillery, 1868-73,

the action off Cuddalore, June, 1783 : and commanded the Rohilkund District
C. in C. at the Leeward Islands Vice- : in 1876 in the Afghan war of 1878-80,
:
Admiral, 1790 Port Admiral at Ply-

: he commanded the Quetta Field Force,
mouth till his death, Feb. 25, 1792 M.P. : and a Division of the Kandahar Field
for Rochester. Force was present at the occupation
:
of Kandahar, and the engagement at

BICKNELL, HERMAN (1830-1876) Khushk-i-Nakhand, and, later, com-
Son of E. Bicknell : born April 2, 1830 : manded the Thal-Chotiali Field Force :
educated at Paris, Hanover, University C.B., 1873 K.C.B. in 1879

: President :
:
of the Ordnance Committee, 1886-9 = District Judge at several places wrote :
retired in 1900 G.C.B. from 1879 till

: : Leviora : being the rhymes of a successful
his death he held appointments about competitor, 1888 : died in Melbourne while
the Court, and was Gentleman Usher of his book was still in the Press in Calcutta.
the Black Rod from 1896 died July 23, :
1904.
BILGRAMI, SAYYID ALI (1851- )
Son of Sayyid Zainuddin Husain Khan

BIDIE, GEORGE (1830- ) Bahadm:, of the Bengal Provincial Ser-
Educated at Aberdeen Grammar School vice, a member of the well-known [family
and University entered the Madras: of Sayyids of Bilgram who emigrated to
Medical 1856 served in the
Service, : India from Wasit in Mesopotamia born :
mutiny Professor of Botany, Madras

: Nov. 10, 185 1 educated at Canning :
Medical College Superintendent of Luna-

: College, Lucknow Patna College, Banki- ;
tic Asylum, 1866-70 Secretary of head : pur, and Thomason Civil Engineering
ofi&ce Medical Department, 1870-3
of : College, Rurki M.A., and B.L. : in :
in chargeof the Government Central 1876, visited Europe and England in the
Museum, 1872-85 Siurgeon - General : suite of Sir Salar Jang I. (q.v.) joined :
of Madras, 1886-90 discovered a pre- : the Royal School of Mines, passed the
ventive for insect pest in coffee planta- Examination for the Associateship in two
tions author of several works, including
: years, and obtained the Murchison Medal
Handbook of Practical Pharmacy, Nilgiri in Geology. On return to India, in 1879,
Parasitical Plants, etc. : C.I.E., 1883. he entered the service of the Nizam of
Hyderabad became Secretary in the
:
BIGANDET, RIGHT REV. PAUL Departments of Public Works, Railways

AMBROSE (1813-1894) and Mines for nearly ten years retired :
Born 1 813 at Besancon educated : in 1901 to settle in England was Exam- :
there, and studied for two years at the iner in Sanskrit to the University of
Seminary of Foreign Missions, Paris : Madras from 1890-2 received the title :
in 1837, sent by the Roman Church as of Shams-al-ulama for Arabic learning in

missionary to Malacca removed to : 1891 Gold Medallist, Calcutta University
: :
Burma, and in 1856 was consecrated in 1902 was appointed Lecturer in Mahratti
Bishop of Ramatha and Administrator to the University of Cambridge has :
of Pegu and Ava (soon after the annexation published Civilization of the Arabs, trans-
of Lower Burma) from 1870 was Vicar-: lated from the French of Dr. Gustav Le
Apostolic of Southern Burma his resi- : Bon Manual of Medical Jurisprudence,
:
dence for 50 years in that country was Monograph on the Book of Kalila and
marked by many labours, not only that Damna, Notes on the Educational Value
of organizing the Roman Catholic mission of Persian as compared with Sanskrit, A
there, but also by his work in the promo- Guide to the Cave Temples of Ellora, The
tion of native education, and the service Geology and Economic Minerals of Hydera-
he rendered to Buddhistic literature bad, etc appointed, 1902, by the India
:
he died at Rangoon, March 16, 1894 a : Ofi&ce, to catalogue the collections of

noted Pali scholar, and the great authority Arabic and Persian MSS., known as the
on Burmese Buddhism most impor- : his Delhi MSS., a work of some magnitude.
tant work, the Life Gautama, first of
published in 1858, went through three BIRCH, SIR RICHARD JAMES HOL-
editions it is based entirely on native
: WELL (1803-1876)
Burmese MSS., and is one of the standard Son of the R. C. Birch of the Indian Civil
works of the 19th century wrote also a : Service, who was a grandson of J. Z.
Memoir on the Phoongis, or Religious Hoi well {q.v.) born in 1803: entered :
Buddhists, 1865. the Indian Army, 1821 held several :
Staff appointments was Judge-Advocate :
BIGNOLD, THOMAS FRANCIS ( ? - General in Bengal, 1841 in the Sikh :
1888) wars of 1845-6, and 1848-9 had a :
I.C.S. educated at Canis College,

: Brigade after Chilianwala distinguished :
Cambridge Scholar entered the Bengal

: : himself at Gujarat C.B., 1849 under : :
Civil Service by competition went to : Sir Colin Campbell on the frontier in

India, 1859 served in Lower Bengal
: : 1850 Secretary to the Govt, of India in
:
:

the Military Dept., from 1852 for several ments, but in 1829 became Commissioner
years, including the mutiny K.C.B. in : of Revenue in the Gorakhpur Division of
i860 retired 1861 :
: Lt-General : died the N.W.P. in 1832 was made Member of
:
Feb. 25, 1875. the new Board of Revenue, N.W. P., and
BIRD, SIR GEORGE CORRIE from 1833-41 was in charge of the settle-
(1838- ment of the land revenue of that Province :
)
the work was most thoroughly done and
Born, 1838 entered the Indian Army,
:
established Bird's reputation for all time

1856 :Maj-General, 1895 General, :
as a revenue officer his report was elabor- :

1899 served
: in the mutiny in Afghan :
ate, embracing other topics besides the

war, 1878-80 at Ahmad Kheyl Brevet
: :
assessment of the revenue retired in :

Lt-Colonel in Burma, 1892-3
: in the :
1842, and gave much attention to the

N.W. Frontier campaign, 1897-8 com- :
Church Missionary Society died Aug.

manded the Oudh district, 1895-6 the :
:
22, 1853.
Panjab Frontier Force, 1897-8 C.B., :
1890 K.C.I.E., 1899.

:
BIRD, WILLIAM WILBERFORCE

BIRD, JAMES ( ? - ? ) ( ? -1857)
Belonged to the Bombay Medical I.C.S. : arrived in India, 1803 : Judge
Establishment member of the Medical
: and Magistrate of Benares, 1814 : Com-
Board : Secretary to the Bombay Asiatic missioner there, 1826 Member of the :
Society, 1844-7 : wrote on various sub- Board of Revenue, 1829 Provisional :
jects, historical and archôlogical, con- Member of Council, 1837, and Extra
nected with India author of an Analysis : Member of the Board of Customs, Salt and
of the Mirat-i-Ahmadi, A History of the Opium, 1837 : Member of the Supreme
Province of Gujarat, translated from the Council, 1838 : President of the Council
Persian. of Education, 1842 President of the
:
Council, 1842, and Deputy-Governor of

BIRD, LOUIS SAUNDERS (1792-1874)
Bengal, 1840, and 1842 as Senior Member ;
Lt-General entered the E. I. Co.'s

:
of Council officiated as Governor-General,
Bengal Army in 1808 at the capture of :
June 15 to July 23, 1844 retired, 1844 : :
the Mauritius, 1810 under Ochterlony :

died June i, 1857.
in the Nipal war, 1816 in Oudh in 1816- :
7 : in the Pindari war, 18 17-9 in :

BIRDWOOD, CHRISTOPHER (1807-
Bundelkund, 1821 in Hariana, 1824-5 : :
1882)
against the Kols, 1832-3 in the Satlaj :
campaign of 1845-6 in the battles of :

General; born March 12, 1807 son :
Mudki, Firozshahr, Badiwal, Aliwal and grandson of E. I. Go's agents at

Brevet Lt-Colonel commanded a Brigade :
Plymouth entered the E. I. Co.'s Military
:
in the suppression of the Sonthal insur- service as Ensign 1825 Capt. 1837 Maj- : :
rection in 1855-6: died April 14, 1874. General, 1868 Lt-General, 1876 :Adju- :
tant and Interpreter of the 3rd Bombay

BIRD, MARY (1789-1834) N.I. at Bombay, and Fort-Adjutant at
Born, May 29, 1789, daughter of Robert Asirghar commissariat officer at Mhow,
:
Bird, of Taplow
to India, 1823, to
: went 1839, other stations, and Aden, 1847 :
her brother R.M. Bird {q.v.) at Gorakhpur : Assistant Commissary General at Bombay
helped the Mission there, and learnt and Executive Commissariat officer there
Hindustani removed to Calcutta, 1830,
: during the Persian war, 1856-7 rendered :
and carried on mission and education also invaluable service during the mutiny,
work there, in the native zenanas, and by organizing the bullock train between
opening Bible classes, Sunday and Girls' Bombay, Wassind and Mhow, on which
Schools published works translated into
: Sir H. Rose's operations depended con- :
Hindustani died of cholera on her

:
sulted constantly by Lord Elphinstone,
birthday. May 29, 1834. Governor of Bombay, and highly esteemed
by the native community, who called him
BIRD, ROBERT MERTTINS (1788- Birdwood Maharaja he always accom- :
1853) panied the Commissioner of Police, C.

I.C.S. arrived in India Nov. 1808
: : Forjett, [q.v.) in interviews with their
at first held subordinate judicial appoint- leaders : was Commissary-General, Bom-
bay Army recommended for the C.B.
: official reports on economic products, etc. :
by Lord Elphinstone, who constantly a prolific contributor to leading journals
testified to his merits as a first-class com- and reviews, including the limes, the
missariat ofiicer he became General : Athenceum, the Quarterly Review, and the
in 1877 and retired after 52 years' service, Journal of the Society of Arts, the latter
45 actually spent in India : died July 4, containing a great number of his speeches
1882. and essays in connexion with the work of
the Society. C.S.I., 1877 K.C.I.E., 1877
BIRDWOOD, SIR GEORGE CHRIS- LL.D. (Cambridge) 1886 Knight of
; :
TOPHER MOLESWORTH (1831- )

Grace of St. John of Jerusalem.
:
Born at Belgaum, Dec. 8, 1832, son

of General Christopher Birdwood, of BIRDWOOD, HERBERT MILLS
the Indian Army (q.v.) : educated at (1837- )
Plymouth Grammar
School, Dollar I.C.S : born
1837 son of May 29, :
Academy and Edinburgh University General Christopher Birdwood educated :
(M.D.): entered Bombay Medical Service at Exeter, Edinburgh University, and

1854 served in Persian war, 1856-7, and
:
Peterhouse, Cambridge wrangler in :
on return to Bombay took a prominent 1858 Fellow

: went to Bombay in the :
part in the life of the city, influencing, by Civil Service, 1859 Under Secretary to :
his great popularity with the leaders of

the Bombay Government, Judicial and
native thought, the endowments which Political Departments, 1863 Registrar :
were made to the newly established of the High Court, Bombay District :
University the construction of some of

Judicial Commissioner in Sind,
:
Judge ;
the public buildings and the carrying out :
1881 :Judge of the Bombay High Court,
of improvements which have earned for officiating, and permanently from 1885 :
the town and island the title of " Bombay

Member of Council, Bombay, 1892-7 :
the Beautiful." He was for a time Pro- C.S.I., 1893 : edited legal works.
fessor of Anatomy and Physiology, and
of Materia Medica and Botany at Grant BIRRELL, JAVRIL (1800-1878)
Medical College also Curator of the
:
Government Central Museum Hony. :

General born Sep. 15, 1800
: entered :
Secy. Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic the E. I. Go's service in 1816 in the first :
Society and of the Agri-Horticultural Burmese war, 1825-6 in the Afghan war :
Society Registrar of the University

: :
of 1839-40 at Ghazni, and in the Waziri
:
one of the founders of the Victoria and valley in the Satlaj campaign of 1845-6,
:
Albert Museum and the designer of the at Firozshahr and Sobraon General, :
Victoria gardens at Byculla Sheriff of :

1876 :died Oct. 27, 1878.
Bombay, 1846 returning to England on
:
account of ill-health, he joined the staff BISSET, SIR WILLIAM SINCLAIR

of the India Office, and was Special SMITH (1843- )
Assistant there in the Revenue and Colonel : born Nov. 13, 1843 : son of Rev.
Statistical Department from 1878 to 1899, James Bisset,D.D. educated at Woolwich : :
when he retired after two extensions of joined the Royal Engineers to India, :
service beyond the ordinary age limit. 1866 :entered the Railway Branch, held
He held a leading position in all the a number of subordinate appointments
principal International Exhibitions from connected with railway construction and
1857 to 1 901 founded Primrose
: Day : management served in the Afghan war, :
author of Economic
Vegetable Products 1878-80 Manager of the Rajputana-
:
of Bombay Presidency, 1888

the The ; Malwa Railway, 1875-84 Agent of the :
Industrial Arts of India, 1888 Report on ; Bombay, Baroda and Central India
the Old Records of the India Office, 1891 : Railway, 1884-93 C.I.E., 1888 Secre- : :
First Letter Book of the East India Company, tary to the Government of India, P.W.D.,
1895 of papers on The Genus Boswellia
:
1893-7, and Director-General of Railways :
(Frankincense Trees) on Incense, and : K.C.I.E., 1897 Government Director :
other articles in Encyc. Brit and of erudite : of Indian Railway Companies at the India
prefaces and introductions to various well- Office, 1897-01 retired from the India :
known works, such as Count d' Alviella's Office, 1901 Chairman of the S. Mahratta
:
Migrations des Symboles, besides many Railway Co.

: ;
:

BISUDHWANANDA, SWAMI (1820- Sir Thomas Hislop at Mahidpurin 1817 and
1899) in the Dekkan Lt-Colonel and Surveyor- :
Bansidhar name) was a son

(his original General of India C.B. in 1818 died at : :
of a Kanauj Brahman of Cawnpur, born Calcutta, 1823 wrote a military memoir :
near Hyderabad, of the Mahratta war of 1817-19.

(in the Dekkan)
learnt some Persian and Urdu under a
Maulvi entered the Nizam's service, was
BLACKLOCK, AMBROSE (1816-1873)
:
an excellent horseman, and a great Doctor son of a medical officer of the

:
favourite, but, failing to obtain justice

Navy born in 1816 educated at Edin-
; :
in a quarrel over a horse, he set fire to all burgh joined the medical service in
:
his earthly possessions, besmeared his Madras in 1840 Professor of Surgery, and :
body with the Surgeon, General Hospital, Madras, 1851 :

ashes, andHyderabad,
left
in 1858 Professor of Medicine, and Physi-
visited places of pilgrimage and sacred
shrines, observed the strictest discipline
cian there in 1870 Deputy Inspector- :
of a monk, took to studying Sanskrit, General : died at Chitore Feb. 11, 1873
and in a few years became an accomplished BLACKWOOD, GEORGE FREDERICK
grammarian (Panini School) spent three :
(1838-1880)
years at Hardwar in study and meditation
removed to Benares, and took up his abode
:
M ajor son of ajor William Blackwood

: M
at a ghat; read all the Darsans (Hindu of the Bengal Army born 1838 educated : :
philosophy) became a Sanyasi (devotee) at the Edinburgh Academy, and Addis-

;
assumed a new name, Bisudhwananda, combe joined the Bengal Artillery

: :
("unalloyed peace"), and occupied the Lieut., 1857 in the mutiny served with :
seat of Gaurswami at Ahlia Bai's Brah- the Rohilkund movable column : com-
mapuri, till his death in April, 1899 of :
manded the Artillery in the Lushai
high stature, strong will, great piety, and expedition of 187 1-2 under General
profound learning, he commanded great Bourchier {q.v.) at Tipai Mukh and other :
respect among princes and

all classes :
actions Brevet Major: commanded the :
people sought his advice he was a great :

Artillery under General Burrows at
admirer of British rule in India. Maiwand on July 27, 1880 fell in battle : :
his little band of men was the last which
BITTLESTON, SIR ADAM (1817-1892) made any stand against Ayub Khan's
forces.
Educated Merchant Taylors' school
at
called to the bar from the Inner Temple, BLACKWOOD, SIR HENRY, BARONET
1841 Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court,
: (1770-1832)
Madras, 1858-62 knighted and of the
: :
Son John Blackwood, 5ar/. born
of Sir :
High Court, Madras, 1862-70, when he Dec. 28, 1770 entered the Navy, 1781 : :
retired : died Jan. 18, 1892. was employed on various stations in

several ships continually engaged was
BLACKBURNE, SIR WILLIAM (1764-
at Trafalgar, 1805, and at the blockade
: :
1839)
of Toulon, 1810 Baronet, 1814 K.C.B. : :
Politicaljoined the Madras Army in

:
1819 was C. in C. on the East Indian
:
1782 served against the Poligars in 1784,

:
station, 1819-22 Vice-Admiral, 1821, :
and in the defeat of Tippoo, 1892 was :

and commanded at the Nore, 1827-30 :
Interpreter of Mahratti at Tanjore in 1787 died Dec. 17, 1832.

under the Resident, and was himself
Resident, 1801-23 remodelled the admin- • BLAIR, JAMES (1828-1905)
istration there and in Pudukota was :
Born Jan. son of Captain 1828
27, :
sent on missions to Travancore Maj- :

E. M. Blair of the Bengal Cavalry entered :
General knighted 1838

: died Oct. 16, :
the Army in 1844 in the mutiny of :
1839. 1857-9 fought at Nimbhara and Ziran

: :
was at the sieges of Neemuch and Kotah,

BLACKER, VALENTINE (1778-1823)
and in the pursuit of Tantia Topi gained :
Soldier, historian born Oct. 19, 1778 : : the V.C. for gallant and daring conduct on
entered the Madras Army, 1798 in the My- : two occasions.on Aug. 12, 1857 at Neemuch
sore campaign at Malavilli in the Niz-
: : and Oct. 23, 1857, at Jeerum : Political
am's country was Q.M.G. 1810 was under
: : Resident and Brig-General at Aden,
: :
1882-5 Lt-General, 1889

: C.B., : 1889 : President of the Municipal body : carried
General, 1894 died Jan. 1905. : schemes for abundant water-supply from
V ihar and Tansa lakes twice Sheriff of :
BLAIR, SIR ROBERT ( ? - ? )

Bombay for many years Chairman of joint
:
Government and Municipal Committee for

Joined E. I. Go's ist European the'
education Coroner of Bombay, 1876-93
: :
Infantry in Bengal, 1773 with General :
CLE. a fine
: statue of him erected in
Goddard's force from Bengal to Bombay,
Bombay by his fellow citizens died there :
1778-81: A.D.C. to Col. W. Blair command-

April I, 1903 Member of the Royal
:
manding in the Doab, 1786-8 took the :

Asiatic Society, Bombay, and a frequent
fortress of Sasni, 1802 in the Mahratta :
contributor to the columns of the Bombay
war, under Lake, at Alighar, Delhi, Agra,
Gazette.
1803 commanded at Cuttack, 1808
: :
Maj -General, 1810 commanded Fort

BLANFORD, HENRY FRANCIS
:
(1834-
William and neighbouring districts, 1812 :
1893)
1817
retired, K.C.B., 1815 Lt-General, : :
i8i7- Son of W. Blanford born June 3, 1834 : :
educated at Brighton, Brussels, and the

BLAKISTON, JOHN (1788-1867) Royal School of Mines entered the :
Geological Survey of India in 1855 trans-

Son of Sir Mathew Blakiston, Bart. :
:
ferred to the Education Department in

bom 1788 educated at Winchester :
Bengal, 1862 Professor at the Presidency

joined the Madras Engineers and the 27th ;
regt. as Major, present at Assaye, Bour-

:
College, 1872 became Meteorological
:
bon, the Mauritius, and in the Peninsula

Reporter ,first to the Government of Bengal
campaign the sole survivor of the
:
and later to the Government of India
regiment massacred in the mutiny of Hony. Secretary of the Asiatic Society of
Vellore, 1806 and returned with (Sir :
Bengal, 1863-8 F.G.S. 1862 F.R.S. 1880
: : :
retired in 1880 died Jan. 23, 1893. The

R.R.) Gillespie, who came to the rescue
:
:
excellence of his work in geology and

wrote Twelve Years Military Adventures,
and Twenty Years in Retirement, meteorology, as displayed in his official
1829 :
duties, and his contributions to scientific

1836 died 1867.
:
publications, is acknowledged.
¥ BLAND, NATHANIEL
Born Feb. 3, 1803 son of Nathaniel :
(1803-1865) BLANFORD, WILLIAM THOMAS
(1832-1905)
Bland (formerly called Crumpe) who took
Born Oct. 1832 son of William,
7, :
his mother's name : educated at Eton,

Blanford educated at the Royal School'
:
1818, and Christ Church, Oxford, 1821-5 :
of Mines (Scholar,) and Mining Academy,.

was a distinguished Persian scholar sent :
Freiburg in the Geological Survey of

:
contributions to the R.A.S.J., 1843-53 '
India, 1855-82 Geologist of the Abyssin-

:
on Persian chess on the Pote collection :
ian Expedition up to Magdala, 1868 :
of Oriental MSS. in the Eton College

on the Persian Boundary Commission,.
Library, etc took to gambling, had to :
1872 : President of the Asiatic Society of

sell his estate, and took his own life, Aug.
Bengal, 1878-9 of the Geological Society,.
:
10, 1865.
1888-90 received its Wollaston medal,
:
1883: Treasurer of the Society Vice-Presi- :
BLANEY, THOMAS (1823-1903) dent of the Royal Society, 1892-3, 1901-3 :
Doctor : to born in Ireland ; went published works on the Geology and

India, 1836, as apprentice in the subor- Zoology of Abyssinia and Persia a ;
dinate medical service of the E. I. Co. at manual of Geology on India, 1879 :
Bombay studied at the Grant Medical

: President of the Geological section of the
College in Government service until
: British Association meeting in Canada, 1884:
i860 took up private practice at Bom-
: edited The Fauna of British India was :
bay made a large fortune, which he

: author of the Mammalia, 1888-91, and of
spent chiefly in charity: became J. P., the Birds, 1895, 1898 CLE., 1904 : :
Town Councillor Member of the Munici- : LL.D. Montreal, and F.R.S. 1874: on its. ,
pal Corporation was connected with : Council and Vice-President died June- :
civil administration for 30 years twice : 23. 1905-

BLAVATSKY, HELENA PETROVNA College, removed to the Madrasa, 1865,
(1831-1891) and became its President until his death :
Born Ekaterinoslav
at daughter of :
he was philological Secretary to the
Colonel Peter Hahn, of a noble family of Asiatic Society of Bengal, and contributed
Mechlenburg, settled in Russia married :
many learned papers translated :
at 17 a husband of 60, but they soon Abul-Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari, the first volume,
separated she : travelled widely, in and wrote The Prosody of the Persians :
Europe, America and Asia, round the he had a profound knowledge of Persian
Cape to Bombay after an unsuccessful
:
and Arabic: died July 13, 1878.
attempt to enter Tibet, vid Nipal, she
entered it in' disguise in 1855, vid Kashmir,
BLOSSET, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1776
-1823)
was lost in the desert and brought back to
the frontier after numerous adventures
: Son of the Rev. Dr. Henry Peckwell, an
and further travels in India, she was in eminent preacher he took his mother's
:
the United States in 1873 and for 6 years name of Blosset educated at Oxford
: :
in N. York, becoming a naturalized was Recorder of Cambridge was appointed :
American she : studied spiritualism, Chief Justice of Bengal in 1821 died :
and in 1875 founded, with Colonel Olcott, Feb. I, 1823. There are a monument and
the Theosophical Society wrote : hatchment to his memory at St. John's
books and pamphlets in support of her Church, Calcutta.
theories settled
: in London, 1887 :
"brought out a magazine, Lucifer, the BLUNT, CHARLES HARRIS (1824-

Light-bringer wrote The Secret Doctrine,
:
1900)
.the Synthesis of Science, Religion and Maj-General entered the Army, 1842
: :
Philosophy, 1888, and The Key of Philo- was in the Bengal Horse Artillery was :
sophy, 1889 died in London, May 8, 1891.

: in the Satlaj campaign, 1846, at Sobraon :
also in the Panjab campaign in the :
BLISS, SIR HENRY WILLIAM mutiny, raised " Blunt's Horse," was at
(1840- ) the siege of Delhi, battle of Najafghar,
I.C.S. son of Rev. James Bliss
: born : action at Agra, (Lord Clyde's) relief of
1840 educated at Merton, Oxford, B.A.
: Lucknow, where he was the hero of a very
joined the Madras Civil Service, 1863 : dashing performance with the guns at the
after holding subordinate appointments, Sikandarbagh, at the action of Shamsabad,
was Commissioner of Salt Revenue and the capture of the fort and town of Kalpi :
Abkari Revenue, 1878 on special duty : Brevets of Major and Colonel C.B Lord : :
on these subjects Fellow of the Madras : Roberts refers to his splendid courage in
University, 1882 Member of the Finance
: leading his guns in the advance on Luck-
Committee, 1886 Member of the Board : now : his troops suffered severely at Delhi
•of Revenue, 1887 first Member, 1889 : : and Agra, " seldom, if ever, has a battery
CLE., 1889 Member of the Governor-
: and its commander had a grander record
General's Legislative Council, 1890-2 : to show " died. Aug 15, 1900.
:
Member of Council, Madras, 1893-8 :
K.C.I.E., 1897 retired, 1898 Member of

: :
BLUNT, SIR CHARLES WILLIAM,
the London County Council for the Hol- BARONET (1731-1802)
born Division, 1901. Of Cleery, Hants born 1731 son of
: :
Sir Henry Blunt, second Baronet, whom

BLOCHMANN, HENRY FERDINAND he succeeded in 1759 lived in Great :
(1838-1878) Ormonde St. till about 1767 at Odiham, :
Linguistic scholar born at Dresden : Hants, till about 1775 at Blunt House, :
Jan. 8, 1838, the son of a printer educated : Croydon, to about 1780 went out as a :
there, at Leipzig, and Paris entered : writer in the E. I. Co.'s service to India,
the English Army in 1858 to get out to 20 years before his death : obtained a
India, left the Army, and joined the lucrative appointment in the bullock
P. and O. Co.'s service as interpreter : contract, besides a share in the Post-
in i860 was made Assistant Professor of office formed honourable and advantage-
:
Urdu and Persian at the Calcutta Madrasa : ous connexions died Sep, 27, 1802, at
:
graduated at the Calcutta University, Pulta, near Calcutta, leaving £100,000,

1 861 after 3 years at the Doveton
: three-fourths of it. to his eldest son.
C. R. Blunt, fourth Baronet (born 1778 : country he proceeded by Tassisudon in

:
M.P. for Lewes, 1832) his portrait by- : Bhutan, through Phari, to Desherigpay
Barclay is in the possession of his grandson, (north of the Tsanpu River), saw the Teshu
the present Baronet letters from him : Lama, accompanied him to Teshu Lumbo,
are among the Hastings papers in the and returned thence to India, 1775 in :
British Museum one of his daughters

: 1779 he was appointed Collector of Rang-
married vSir C. Imhoff, stepson of Warren pur and established a fair, to encovurage
Hastings he built a mausoleum for the
:
trade with Bhutan and Tibet. A second
sepulture of his race-horses, which was embassy of Bogle to Tibet was contem-
still to be seen in India about 1845 many : plated, but was postponed, the Teshu
pictures of his horses are preserved. Lama going to Pekin Bogle proposed :
meeting him at Pekin, but died at Calcutta

BLYTH, EDWARD (1810-1873) on April 3, 1781 the journal of his
:
Born Dec. 1810 was a druggist at

23, :
embassy has been published.
Tooting, but Natural History was the
absorbing study of his life in 184 1 he was :
BOHTLINGK, OTTO VON (1815-1904)
appointed Curator of the Museum of the Born May 30, 1815, at Petersburg
St. :
Asiatic Society of Bengal retired in 1862 : : studied there and at Dorpat, Berlin,
wrote a great number of reports and papers Bonn : returned to St. Petersburg, 1842.
on Zoology, especially on birds and At his scholarship was directed to
first,
mammals, in the Society's journals and the study of Arabic and Persian, but he
in newspapers he was said to have been
: became celebrated as a worker in Sanskrit.
the founder of the science of Zoology in In 1840, he published Grammaire Sanskrile
India his work was highly estimated
: (Panini's), 1843: Dissertation sur Vaccent
by Darwin and Gould died Dec. 27, 1873- : Sanskrit : edition and German translation
of Sakuntala de Kalidasa : Chrestomathie
BODEN, JOSEPH ( ? -1811) Sanskrite, 1877. The great work of his
life was his Sanskrit Dictionary, 7 vols,
Entered the E. I. Co.'s Bombay Native
Army in 1781 Lt-Colonel 1806 held
: :
brought out with the collaboration of
appointments on the Staff in Bombay :
Professors Roth and Weber, 1852-75 :
was Member of the Military Board re- :

died at Leipzig in 1904.
tired in 1807 and died Nov. 21, 181 1.
Though not a Sanskrit scholar, and not a BOLES, THOMAS (
writer, he left a large to sum of money Lt. -Colonel was a volunteer

: in the
found, after his daughter's death, a pro-
36th regt., 1783 acting Ensign, 1784-5
: :
fessorship of Sanskrit at Oxford. H. H.

a conductor of Stores attached to Artil-
:
Wilson (q.v.) was the first professor lery, 1786-7 Ensign in the Madras
:
appointed, in 1832. Army, 1788 A.A.G., Madras Army for 5

:
years :D.A.G., 1807 when Lt. -General

:
BOGLE, SIR ARCHIBALD (1805-1870)

H. Macdowall, C. in C, Madras, signed an
Entered the E. I. Co.'s military service, order, Jan. 28, 1809, censuring his Q.M.G.,
1823 was D.A.G. at Dinapur, 1827
: : Capt. Munro, Boles, as Depy. A.G., was
commanded the Arakan battalion and ordered by Col. Capper, the Adjt-General,
police corps, 1828 Commissioner in : to circulate the order to the Army. For
Arakan, 1837 afterwards in Tenasserim
: circulating, under his signature, this cen-
and Martaban knighted, 1853 : Maj- : sure of Capt. Munro, Boles was suspended
General, 1862 died June 12, 1870.
: from the service of the E. I. Co., by the
Government of Madras (Sir G. Barlow),
BOGLE, GEORGE (1746-1781) Jan. 31, 1809 and declined to apologize
:
Son George Bogle born Nov. 26,

of : for his conduct. The Madras Government
1746 educated at Haddington, Glasgow,
: prevented his going home, sent him to
Edinburgh University, Enfield entered : Bengal in June, 1809, whence he went to
the E. I. 1769
Co.'s service in : was England. The Court of Directors, to
appointed by Warren Hastings on May whom he appealed in 18 10, recorded in
an embassy to the Teshu
13, 1774, to lead Feb. 1811, their opinion that Boles would
Lama purpose of opening
of Tibet, for the not have been justified in refusing to obey
up trade and friendly relations with that General Macdowall's order. Boles' sus-
:

pension was continued to Oct. 1811, when born Dec. 29, 1844 educated at the :
he was restored to the service. Oriental Seminary and Hindu School :
in 1864, in receipt of a scholarship from

BOLTON, CHARLES WALTER Mr. R. J. Jijibhai of Bombay, went to
(1850- ) England to study law called to the bar :
I.C.S. son of Dr. J. Bolton

: educated : from the Middle Temple joined the :
at University College School, the Royal Calcutta High Court Bar, 1868 acted as :
College, Mauritius, and King's College, the Standing Counsel to Government in

London went out to Lower Bengal,
: 1882, 1884, 1886-7 presided over the :
1872 : Under Secretary to the Bengal First Indian National Congress at Bombay,
Government, 1879 Secretary to the : 1885 Fellow of the Calcutta University
: :
Board of Revenue, 1897 Chief Secretary : President of the Faculty of Law, 1880 :
to the Bengal Government, 1896 Member : represented the Calcutta University in

of the Board, 1900 Additional Member : the Bengal Legislative Council, 1893 :
of the Governor-General's Legislative retired from the Calcutta Bar, 1901, to

Council, 1900-1902 C.S.I., 1897. : practise before the Judicial Committee of
the Privy Council in England.
BOLTS, WILLIAM (1740P-1808)
BOPP, FRANCIS (1791-1867)
Born about 1740 was a merchant of :
Dutch extraction being in Calcutta in :

Born educated
at Mentz, Sep. 14, 1791 =
at Aschaffenburg, under Windischmann,

1759, he was taken into the E. I. Co.'s
service engaged in private trade, like
:
the celebrated Oriental scholar went to :
Paris, 1812, for 5 years chiefly studied

other civil servants was Second in Council
:
:
at Benares, 1764 being censured by the

:
Sanskrit settled in Gottingen
: became :
Court of Directors for his private trading in 1821 Extraordinary, and in 1825
under the Company's authority and re- Ordinary Professor of Oriental Literatiure
called, he resigned in 1766, quarrelled with
and General Philology at Berlin Univer-
the Bengal authorities, was arrested in sity, till his death a prominent Member :
,
of the Royal Society at Berlin wrote his
1768, and deported to England as an
:
interloper. In his Considerations on Indian

Analytical Comparison of the Sanskrit,
Greek, Latin and Teutonic Languages in
Affairs, 1772, he attacked the Bengal
Government Verelst replied, and Bolts
:
the Annals of Oriental Literature, 1820 :
published another work in 1 775 He made .

greatly encouraged and facilitated the
study of Sanskrit his Sanskrit Grammar
a large fortune in India, but could not :
take it away he spent what he had in

:
passed through several editions, 1827-63 :
England in defending the lawsuits brought an original foreign member of the R.A.S.
from June 7, 1823 his Comparative
against him by the E. I. Co. for some years.
:
He entered the Austrian service, became Grammar was translated into English,
a Colonel, and founded stations in India 1845-50 : he died Oct. 23, 1867.
for an Austrian Company these came :
BORTON, SIR ARTHUR (1814-1893)
to nothing he died in Paris in 1808.
:
Sonof the Rev. J. D. Borton born :
BONARJEE, REV. SHIB CHUNDER Jan. 20, 1814 educated at Eton entered
: :
(1830-1897) the Army, 1832, rose to be General, 1877 :
went to India in 1835, served in the

A Brahman, good family educated
of :
Afghanistan campaign of 1842 under

at the Duff College, and baptized by the
General Pollock was at Tezin, in the
:
Rev. Dr. Duff in 1847 held various :
Kohistan, and at Istalif on Sep. 29 in :
missionary charges celebrated both :
the battles of the Satlaj campaign of

for his eloquent preaching and his philan-
1845-6 in the Crimea C.B. in Canada
: : : :
thropy was the author of a Life of

:
commanded the Mysore Division of the

Christ in Bengali, and a large number of
Madras Army, 1870-5 : K.C.B. : Governor
tracts : universally regarded as one of
and C. in C. of Malta in 1877 : G.C.M.G.,
the leading ministers of the Bengali Church.
1880 : G.C.B., 1884 : died Sep. 7, 1893.
BONNERJEE, WOMESH CHUNDER BOSCAWEN, HON. EDWARD (1711-
(1844- ) 1761)
Second son of Grees Chunder Bonnerjee, Son of first Viscount Falmouth born :
attorney of the High Court, Calcutta Aug. 19, 1711 joined the Navy, 1726:
:
: :

served on a number of stations, the BOURDILLON, SIR JAMES AUSTIN
Mediterranean, the West Indies, the Home (1848- )
station, the Channel, at the Nore, at

I.C.S. born at Madras, March, 1848 :
:
Cape Finisterre, 1747 and in that year

:
son of J. D. Bourdillon {q.v.) educated :
was appointed C. in C. of the sea and land at Marlborough Captain of the Cricket
:
forces in the E. Indies passed the :

XI went out to India, 1870 Superinten-
: :
Mauritius without taking it from the dent of the Census of Bengal, 1880-3 •
French reached Fort St. David, July,

:
acting Secretary to the Bengal Government,
1748: failed, after a repulse at Ariancopang, Financial Department, 1893-5 Com- :
which he captured later, in taking Pondi- missioner of Patna, in the famine, 1897 :
cherry by both sea and land lost ships :

C.S.I. , Chief Secretary to the
1898 :
in stormy weather at the peace of Aix-la-

:
Government of Bengal, 1900 Member of :
Chapelle, took possession of Madras on

the Famine Commission in India, 1901 :
its restoration by the French, Aug. 21,

Member of the Board of Revenue, 1902 :
1749 :and returned to England held :
for some years Member of the Bengal
more commands in N. America a Lord :
Legislative Council acted as Lieutenant- :
of the Admiralty at the siege of Louis-

:
Governor of Bengal, Nov. 1902-Nov.
berg against the French in Europe was :
1903 Resident
: in Mysore, 1903 :
made P.C. died Jan 10, 1761.
:
K.C.S.I., Jan. 1904 V.D., 1896, for long :
service as a volunteer in the Calcutta

BOULGER, DEMETRIUS CHARLES Light Horse and Bihar Light Horse.
(1853- )
BOURDILLON, JAMES DEWAR (1811-

Born July 14, 1853 educated at Ken-:
1883)
sington Grammar School and privately :
has contributed to all the leading journals I.C.S son of the Rev. T. Bourdillon: edu-
:
on questions relating to India, China, cated at Ramsgate and Haileybury : joined

Egypt and Turkey since 1876 founded, :
the Civil Service at Madras in 1828 was :
in conjunction with Sir Lepel Griffin, the Secretary to the Board of Revenue and
Asiatic Quarterly Review in 1885, and Secretary to Government in the Revenue
edited it for some years author of Life :
and P.W.D. advocated irrigation and
:
of Yakub Beg Kashgar, England and

of
the improvement of communications
Russia in Central Asia, Central Asian was an authority on land revenue and
Portraits, Armies of the Native States of the despatch of public business : retired
India, Central Asian Questions, Lord in 1861 died May 21, 1883.
:
William Bentinck, Story of India, India

in the Nineteenth Century, History of
BOURGUIEN, LOUIS (
China, of which several editions have been Louis Bernard a Frenchman went: :
published. Life of Gordon, Life of Sir to India with Admiral Suffrein from :
Stamford Raffles, etc. Pondicherry went to Calcutta and enlisted

in the E.I. Co.'s service was a cook and :
BOURCHIER, SIR GEORGE (1821- pyrotechnist employed by Begam Sam-

:
ru : in 1794 by De Boigne under Perron :

1898)
in 1800, in Sindia's service fought against :
Son Edward Bourchier edu-

of Rev. : George Thomas {q.v.) and was defeated :
cated at Addiscombe entered the Bengal: by him at Georgeghar later, made :
Artillery, 1838 in the Gwalior campaign,

: Thomas surrender at Hansi captured :
1843-4 :at Punniar in the mutiny : Rohtak, 1803 after the defeat of Colonel
:
commanded a battery at Trimmu Ghat Pedron by Lake at Alighar, Bourguien

at the siege and capture of Delhi at : revolted against Perron the latter sur- :
Bulandshahr, Alighar, Agra, Sir Colin rendered to the British, and Boiurguien,
Campbell's relief of Lucknow, at Cawnpur : as General, held command of Sindia's
Brevet Colonel and C.B. commanded : troops for a fortnight, until he himself
the R.A. in Bhutan, 1864-6 commanded : was defeated by Lake at the battle of
the E. frontier district, 1871, and the Delhi, Sep. 11, 1803 three days after- :
Cachar column in the Lushai expedition, wards he surrendered to Lake was sent :
1871-2: K.C.B., 1852:] Maj-General: to Calcutta returned to France, with

:
died March 15, 1898. great wealth, and was heard of no more.
E
:: :

BOWRING, LEWIN BENTHAM contributed to journals and literature in :
(1824- )
1 78 1 became Secretary to Lord Macart-
I.CjS. : 1824 third son of

born July 15, :
ney, Governor of Madras sent on a mis- :
Sir George Bowring

educated at Exeter, :
sion to Ceylon, captured by the French and
Leipzig and Haileybury, 1841-3 went :
kept a prisoner at Bourbon for some
out to India, 1843 Deputy Commissioner :
months became Master Attendant at
:
in the Panjab, 1849-54 Private Secretary :

Madras, and conducted the Madras
to Lord Canning, when Viceroy, April, Courier : wrote the Indian Observer
papers, and the Hircarrah it was said
1858 to 1862 Chief Commissioner ot :
:
Mysore and Coorg, 1862-70 retired, :

that he was the author of the Letters
1870 C.S.L, 1867
: author of Eastern :
of Junius, a supposition which he never
Experiences, Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sultan, positively contradicted his works were :
and contributions to the Asiatic Society collected and published died Oct. 15, :
of Bengal. 1764.
BRACKENBURY, SIR HENRY
BOWSER, SIR THOMAS (1748-1833)
(1S37- )
Born 1748, at Kirkby Thore, West- Born Sept. i, 1837 educated at Eton :
morland educated at Appleby Grammar

:
and R.M.C., Woolwich joined the Royal :
School entered the E.L Co.'s Army at

Artillery, 1856: in the Indian mutiny:
:
24 at the taking of Tanjore in 1773

: for *•
Ashanti
served in Central India, 1857-8 :
3 years engaged in the capture of forts in war, 1873-4 Zulu war, 1879-80 Private
: :
the N. Sircars at the siege of Pondi- :

Secretary to Lord Lytton, the Viceroy of
cherry, 1778 in the Guntur Sircar cam-
:
India, 1880 Military Attache at Paris,
:
paign, 1779 as a Lieutenant, in Sir

:
1 88 1-2 commanded River Column,
:
Hector Munro's army in 1780, sent to help Egypt, 1884-5"': promoted Maj-General
Col. Baillie and, with him, taken prisoner
for distinguished service in the field
by Hyder Ali in the Perambakam disaster, Director of Military Intelligence, 1886-
Sept. 1780 confined at Seringapatam 3
Military Member of the Supreme
:
91 :
years and 8 months loaded with irons :

Council of India, 189 1-6 Director- :
for 3 years and 4 months liberated,

General of Ordnance at the War Office,
:
1784 to England for 3 years

: published :
1899 K.C.B., 1894

: K.C.S.I., 1896 : :
in 1788 his Memoirs of The Late War in

G.C.B., 1900 General R.A.,
: 1901 :
Asia served under Medows in 1792, at

:
P.C.
the storming of Dindigul given by :
Cornwallis the command of a sepoy BRADDON, SIR EDWARD NICHOLAS

battalion served under General Braith-
:
COVENTRY (1829-1904)
waite at the siege of Pondicherry, 1798 : Son of Henry Braddon, and brother of
employed against the Raja of Ramnad : Miss Braddon the novelist: went out to
effected the reduction of Ceylon, 1796 India in 1847 to join the mercantile house
took fort Calpentein and Colombo sent : of Bagshaw and Co., in Calcutta, but pre-
to reduce the French force under Perron ferred work in the Mofussil while he was :
at Hyderabad at Seringapatam, May 4, : employed on the E.I. Railway, the Sonthal

1790 stormed the fortress of Gooty
: rebellion of 1855 broke out, in which he
commanded from Hyderabad a mixed rendered such excellent service that he
force, joining Colonel A. Wellesley, against was appointed an Assistant Commissioner
Doondia Waugh to England, 1803 : : in the Sonthal Parganas during the :
again to India in 1820 commanded the : mutiny he served in the Volunteer force
Mysore Division was temporarily C. in : under Sir George Yule, Commissioner of
C. of Madras Army, 1824-6, on the death Bhagalpur, and, after the mutiny, on
of Sir Alexander Campbell retired. : that officer's invitation, joined the Oudh
May, 1826 : was a Lt-General and K.C.B. : Commission, where he remained until
died June, 1833. Oudh was amalgamated with the N.W.P.
in 1877 resigned the Service and went
:
BOYD, HUGH (1746-1794) to Tasmania, where he rose to be Premier

Son Alexander Macaulay
of took his : and Agent-General for Tasmania in Lon-
mother's name, Boyd born in Oct. : don K.C.M.G., 1891
: published Life in :
1746 educated at Dublin, and graduated

: India, and Thirty Years of Shikar, in
at Trinity College, 1765 : studied law, and 1895 : died F'eb. 3, 1904-
: : ::
BRADFORD, SIR EDWARD RIDLEY BRANDIS, SIR DIETRICH (1824- )
COLBORNE, BARONET (1836- )

Born 1824 educated at the Universi-
:
Born July 27, 1836 son of Rev. W. M. : ties of Copenhagen, Gottingen and Bonn
K. Bradford educated at Marlborough : : lecturer on Botany at Bonn, 1849 joined :
entered the Madras Army, 1854 Colonel : the Indian Forest Department in 1856 :
in 1884 served in the Persian campaign,

: Inspr-General of Forests, 1864 CLE., :
1856-7 in the Indian mutiny, in the

: 1878 : retired, 1883 Member of the :
N.W. Provinces, 1858-9 commanded : Board of Visitors of Cooper's Hill College,

a regt. of the Central India Horse, i860 : 1886 :K.C.I.E., 1887 author of the :
entered the Political Department General : Forest Flora of N.W. and Central India
Superintendent for suppressing Thagi and 1874 : Director of the practical course of
Dakaiti, 1874 : attended H.R.H. the forestry on the Continent in connexion
Prince of Wales on his tour in India, with Cooper's Hill College, 1887-96.
1875-6 Agent to the Governor-General
:
BRANFOOT, ARTHUR MUDGE
for Rajputana Secretary in the Political :
(1848- )
and Secret Department, India Office,
accompanied H.R.H, Prince Ed-
Born Feb. 29, 1848 son of Jonathan :
1887 :
Haigh Branfoot, M.D. educated at :

ward, '(Duke of Clarence, on his tour in
India, 1889-90 A.D.C. to the Queen, :
Epsom College, and Guy's Hospital
entered the I.M.S., 1872 held various :
1889-93 Chief Commissioner of Police in
:
civil appointments connected with the

the Metropolis, 1890- 1903 K.C.S.I., :
G.C.B. G.C.V.O., 1902 Extra Madras Medical College, 1872-9 Pro- :

1885 : : :
fessor of Midwifery there, and Superin-

Equerry to the King, 1902 Baronet, 1902. :
tendent Madras Government Maternity

Hospital, 1879-98 CLE., 1898 P.M.O., :
BRADFORD, SIR THOMAS

:
(1777-1853)
Rangoon and Bangalore, 189 8- 1903 :
Son of Thomas Bradford

born Dec. i, : retired, 1903 President, Medical Board,
:
1777 entered the Army, 1793

: served : India Office, 1904 contributed to medical :
in Ireland, Scotland, S. America, the journals and societies.

Peninsula commanded the Portuguese
BRASYER, JEREMIAH
:
(1812-1897)
Division at Vittoria in 1813 as Maj-
General K.C.B., 1814 held commands
: :
Colonelbrought up as a gardener in
:
in France and Scotland was C. in C. in :

Kent enlisted in the Bengal Artillery,
:
Bombay, 1825-9 G.C.B. 1838 General, '•

, :
1833 Sergt-Major, 26th regt., Bengal
:
1841 died Nov. 28, 1853.

:
N.I. Sept., 1839 served in the Afghan :
war, 1842 : at the forcing of the Khyber

BRADSHAW, JOHN (1845-1894) at Mamu Kheyl, Jagdalak, Haft Kotal,
Tezin, with the Artillery in the Sikh :
Born June 4, 1845 : son of Rev. William

campaigns at Mudki, Firozshahr and
:
Hanna Bradshaw, A.M., Rector of Kil-

Sobraon, with the 26th N.I. Ensign, :
sheery : educated at Enniskillen Royal interpreter to the Firozpur regt.

1846 :
School, at Portora, and Trinity College,

of Sikhs, and commanded them, " Brasyer's
Dublin Moderator in History,
: Senior
Sikhs," in the mutiny, 1857-8 with his :
Literature, and Law, T.C.D. appointed :

regt. as the sole garrison, he held the
Head-master of Bishop Corrie's Grammar fortress of Allahabad, the key of Upper
School, Madras, 1868 and of the Pro- :
India, at the most critical moment :
vincial School, Mangalore, 1870 Inspector :

through his energy and resolute attitude,
of Schools, 1872 Fellow, Madras Univer- :
his Sikhs remained loyal "no man risen :
sity, he was essentially an education-

1S75
from the ranks has ever done a deed
:
alist his knowledge and experience were

evincing such force of character and
:
exceptional his life work was an endeav-

desperate resolution, and securing such
:
our to place native education on a sound

invaluable results " at the capture of :
basis edited many works for Middle and

:
Lucknow, March, 1858 Lt-Colonel and :
High Schools besides An English :

CB., 1858 retured Oct. 1861
: died :
Anthology, 1885, Milton and Gray for the

March 15, 1897.
Aldine Poets, Chesterfield's Letters, etc.
and the Life of Sir Thomas Munro, for BRATHWAITE, SIR JOHN ( ? - ? )
the Rulers of India series died at Madras, : A noted officer in the Indian wars dur-
Jan. 5, 1894. ing the latter part of the i8th century :
:

as Major, 1772, he marched against the settled in Calcutta, entering the P.W.D.
Poligars of Madura and Tinnevelly Lt- : there: in May, 1872, he went again to
Colonel captured, 1779, the French
: Bombay; died there July 4, 1872.
settlement of Mahe took an active part :
in the war with Hyder Ali in 1780, :

BRIGGS, JOHN (1785-1875)
Colonel, and in command of the troops in Entered the E.I. Co.'s Madras Army in
Tanjore his defeat by Tippoo near Anna-
: 1 801 served in the Mahratta wars
: :
gudi in 1782 was a serious blow to the accompanied Sir J Malcolm on his mission
.
Southern Army he himself was wounded : to Persia, 1810 became Resident at

:
and taken prisoner, but released on the Satara, and in 1831 was Senior Member of
conclusion of peace in 1784 held high : the Board of Administration of Mysore :
command in the Madras Army, 1792 : resigned in 1832, and was Resident at
when war broke out with the French Nagpur, 1832-5, when he retired Maj- :
Republic, Brathwaite took Pondicherry, General, 1838. As Member of the Court

1793 Maj -General in 1800.
' of Proprietors of the E.I. Co., he opposed
Lord Dalhousie's policy he translated :
BREEKS, JAMES WILKINSON (1830- Ferishta's Muhammadan Power in India

1872) and the Siyar-ul-muta' akhkhirin from
I.C.S.born March 5, 1830
: arrived : Persian into English was F.R.S. died
: :
at Madras in 1849 was Private Secretary : April 27, 1875.

to the Governor of Madras, Sir W. Denison,
1861-64, accompanying him to Calcutta BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-1889)
when he acted as Governor-General, Born Nov. son of Jacob
16, 181 1 :
between Lord Elgin and Sir John Law- Bright, of Rochdale educated there and
:
rence. In 1867 Breeks was appointed at Ackworth, York, Newton joined his :
Commissioner of the Nilgiris in 187 1 he : father in managing mills, travelled, and

was called upon to make collections of entered politics co-operated with Cobden
:
objects among the aboriginal tribes for against the Corn Laws M.P. for Durham, :
the Indian Museum, Calcutta he fell ill :

1843 ; for Manchester, 1847, 1852 for ;
and died June 7, 1872 he wrote a valuable : Birmingham, 1857-85 in his political :
report on the tribes and sepulchral monu- life he paid special attention to India in :
ments of the Nilgiris, published under the 1848, was Chairman of the Committee,
editorship of his widow in 1873. for which he moved, to inquire into the
obstacles to the cultivation of cotton in
BRIGGS, HENRY GEORGE (1824- India helped to raise a fund for a private
:
1872) Commission of inquiry opposed the :
Born in Bombay, Oct. 20, 1824 son of : renewal of the Charter of the E. I. Co. in
Henry Briggs travelled in S. Africa,
: 1853 : spoke, 1853, strongly in favour of
1843 in China, 1845
: settled in Bombay, : making the Government of India a Depart-
1846, in the ofifice of Briggs & Co. served : ment of the Government, with a Minister
in the Bombay Secretariat went to : of State and a Council in the discussions
:
Karachi edited, 1854, the Sindian, and,

: on the transfer of the Government of
1855, the Sind Kossid, both long since India to the Crown, in 1858, and again in
defunct became, 1856, Assistant Secre-
: 1879, he advocated a policy of decentra-
tary at Bombay to the G.I. P. Railway: Sec- lization, by the substitution of federated
retary to the Bombay Municipality, 1860- Provincial Governments for a Central
2: was a merchant and agent at Bombay Government urged, in 1859, the reduc-
:
and Hingolee, 1863 he wrote, 1849, Cities : tion of military expenditure in India
of Gujdrashtra, a book of travel in Guja- declined to be Secretary of State for India,
rat, containing curious information gleaned 1868, being unwilling, as a Quaker, to be
from travellers in India of whose rare : mixed up with military matters advo- :
works he made an extensive collection: pub- cated developments of India by public

lished The Pars is or Modern Zardushtians, works and canals, 1878-9 spoke against :
1852, which has now been superseded : the Afghan war of 1878-80 D.C.L., :
wrote an historical account of the Nizam, 1886 : died March 27, 1889 his general :
1 861, a valuable work containing special career in Parliament, his share in English
information. His firm failed in the share politics, and his eloquent speeches, need
mania of 1865 he travelled in Gujarat, and
; not be dwelt upon here.
:
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY SZ
BRIGHT, SIR ROBERT ONESIPHO- at the annihilation of the Nawab's authority,

RUS (1823-1896) on which the Nawab complained against
Born July Bristow's administration: Bristow's defence
1823 son of Robert
7, :
Bright, merchant, educated at Rugby and was discussed by the parties in the Supreme
Winchester joined the 19th regt. in 1843,
:
Council he was recalled by a decision
:
and served continuously with it until, in of Dec. 31, 1783, Hastings being authorized
1871, he obtained a Brigade command to have separate charge of the E.L Co's
served in the Bulgarian campaign, 1854 concerns in Oudh, for which he repaired
in the Crimea, present at all the battles to Lucknow in March-Aug. 1784.
in 1868 commanded the first Brigade
Hazara Field Force, and against the BROADFOOT, GEORGE (1807-1845)
Black Mountain tribes commanded the :
Born 1807 Rev. W. Broad-
: son of
Meerut Division, 1878-83 in the Afghan :
foot entered the Madras Native Infantry
:
war, 1879-80, commanded the Khyber in 1826 in 1 84 1 was sent to Kabul

:
Line Field Force constantly mentioned : commanding the escort with the families
in despatches during his caxeer Brevet :
of Shah Shuja and Zaman Shah in Oct. :
Lt-Colonel Knight of the Legion of

:
1 841 he accompanied Sir R. Sale's force
Honour C.B. in 1868 : K.C.B. and the :

from Kabul to Jalalabad which he :
thanks of Parliament after the Afghan fortified, and became garrison engineer
war : Colonel of his regt., 1886 Lt- :
there during the siege by the Afghans :
General G.C.B., 1894

: died Nov. 15, :
he animated the whole defence and pre-
1896. vented a surrender was with General :
Pollock's Army in the campaign of 1842,

BRIND, SIR JAMES (1808-1888) and distinguished himself in the actions
in the Khyber, at Tezin and Mamu Kheyl
Son Walter Brind
of born July 10, :
1808 educated at Addiscombe

C.B. made Commissioner of Tenasserim
:
: joined :
and, later. Agent to the Governor-General
the Bengal Artillery in 1827 in 1854 he :
commanded on the N.W. frontier he was a Major in :

the Artillery in Sir Sydney
Cotton's force against the Mohmands
the Sikh war of 1845-6 was mortally :
at :
the siege of Delhi in the mutiny he com-

wounded at Firozshahr, Dec. 21, 1845.
manded a battery, called after him show-
ed great bravery and activity it was said :
:
BROADFOOT, WILLIAM (1841- )
that he never slept, and that he should be Born Oct. 15, 1841 : son of Alexander
covered with Victoria Crosses from head Broadfoot educated privately and at
:
to foot commanded the Artillery in a

:
Addiscombe joined the Royal Engineers,
:
number of engagements in 1858 in Oudh, :

i860: Major, 1881, on retirement:
Rohilkund and the pursuit of Firozshah :
served with the Hazara Field Force, 1868 :
Brevet Colonel and C.B. was Inspr- :

in the Irrigation the Department in
General of Artillery, 1865 K.C.B., :
Panjab, 1864-8 Assistant Secretary to :
1869 : commanded the Sirhind Division, the Panjab Government, 1868-78 : has
1873-8 General, 1877
: G.C.B., 1884 : :
written The Career of Major George Broad-
died Aug. 3, 1888 he was married five : foot, C.B., 1888 Billiards in the Bad- :
times. minton Library numerous articles hi the :
principal Reviews, Magazines, the Atheri'

BRISTOW, JOHN ( ? - ? ) cBum, the Times Encyclopozdia Britannica,
Appointed Resident Lucknow, by
of Biographies in the D.N.B., and the R.E.
direct order of the Court of Directors, on Journal F.R.G.S
: is the Referee of the :
Nathaniel Middleton's recall in 1774, after R. Geographical Society on Afghanistan,

the Rohilla war, by a majority in Council Beluchistan, India.
against Warren Hastings Bristow was not :
friendly with Hastings was a constant :

BROCKHAUS, HERMAN (1806-1877)
attendant of P. Francis' levees he was :
Born at Amsterdam, Jan. 28, 1806 : son
superseded at Lucknow in 1781, by of Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus, founder
Hastings' order, replaced by Middleton, of the Leipzig publishing house : studied
but re-established in 1782, when Middleton Oriental literature at Leipzig, Gottingen,
was recalled Bristow assumed the
:
Bonn, and frequented Oriental libraries
powers of Government at Lucknow, aiming at Copenhagen, Paris, London, Oxford :
: ::

Professor Extraordinarius of Oriental on Feb. 10, 1780, in the King's Bench to
Languages at Jena, 1839 and Professor : pay a fine of £1,000 each for their action t
Ordinarius of Indian Lanugages and died in Dublin, March 26, 1786.
Literature, at Leipzig, 1848 lectured :
chiefly on Sanskrit, which was his speciality, BROOKE, SIR JAMES (1803-1868)
though he had studied Hebrew, Arabic, Raja of Sarawak son of Thomas :
Persian, and lectured on Pali, Zend and Brooke of the India Civil Service born :
Chinese edited the K atha-sarit-sagara

: at Benares in 1803 educated at Norwich : :
of Sanskrit stories, 1839-66, which first ran away from school and entered the
led to the scientific study of the origin of Bengal Native Infantry in 1819 served :
Popular Tales also edited the Prabodha-: in the Burmese war of 1824 was wounded :
Chandrodaya, a comedy, 1834-45 the : and sent home resigned the E. I. Co.'s-
:
Zend Vendidad Sade Hafiz and the : service in 1830 in 1838 he sailed in a
:
Seven Wise Masters was a founder of the : private vessel to Borneo, to Sarawak
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenland- and became its Raja in 184 1 by invitation :
ischen Gesellschaft wrote for scientific : there he passed the remainder of his-
journals died Jan. 5, 1877.
: career, suppressing rebellion, piracy,
cruelty, and establishing civilized govern-
BRODRICK, HON. WILLIAM ST. ment retired in i860 : was made K.C.B t
:
JOHN FREMANTLE (1856- )

D.C.L. Oxford died in 1868.:
Bom Dec. 14, 1856: eldest son of third

Viscount Middleton educated at Eton :
BROOKE, JOHN CHEAPE (1818-1899)
and Oxford
Balliol College, President of :
General son of Colonel C. W. Brooke
: :
the Oxford Union Society M.P. for West :

joined the 63rd Bengal N.I., 1836: raised
Surrey, 1880-5 for Guildford Division of ;
and disciplined the Mewar Bhils, and gained
Surrey, since 1885 Financial Secretary to :
great influence over them and the neigh-
the War Office, 1886-92 Under Secretary :
bouring chiefs during the mutiny,
:
of State for War, 1895-8 Under Secretary :

kept a large tract of country quiet
of State for Foreign Affairs, 1 898-1900: Political Agent at Jodhpur and Jaipur,.
Secretary of State for War, 1900-3, during 1860-70 : A.G.G. for Rajputana, 1870-3 :
part of the S. African War Secretary of :

died Jan. 23, 1899.
State for India since 1903 P.C. 1897 :
J.P. : D.L. BROOKE, ROBERT (1746 ?-1802 ?)
Son Robert Brooke

of entered the :
BROOKE, SIR GEORGE (1793-1882)

E. I. Co.'s Bengal Army in 1764 engaged :
Born 1793 son of Henry Brooke : :

at the battle of Baxar and under Lord Clive
educated at the R.M.A., Woolwich entered : against Kasim Ali and Shuja-ud-daula
the Royal Artillery, 1808 saw service in : and against Hyder Ali of Mysore in
Bundelkund, 1809-10 in the Nipal : 1768-9 put down a revolt in Kora, and
:
war, 1 8 15-6 and in the Mahratta war,

: was made Collector: served in the Raj-
1817 present at the sieges of Hatras and
: mahal hills against the Mahrattas, and
Bhartpur in the battles of the Satlaj
; in the Rohilla war his services terminated
:
campaign, 1845-6 Brigadier in the :

in 1775 lost his
: in attempting tO' money
Panjab in 1848 commanded Horse : establish cotton manufacture in Ireland :
Artillery at Chilianwala and Gujarat :
Governor of St. Helena, 1787-1801 :.
C.B., 1849 K.C.B., 1867 General, 1870
: : :
died soon after his retirement.
retired, 1877 died Dec. 31, 1882. :
BROUGHTON, THOMAS DUER (1778-

BROOKE, HENRY (1725? -1786) 183.5)
Son of Rev. Henry Brooke, Rector of Son of Rev. T. Broughton educated :
Kinawley and Kilina, Ireland born about : atEton: went to India in 1795 in the
1725 joined the E.I. Co'.s Civil Service,
:
Bengal Army was at the siege of Serin-
:
and rose to be a Member of the Madras gapatam in 1799, and mihtary Resident
Council took, with George Stratton, a
:
with the Mahrattas in 1802 : commanded
prominent part in the arrest and deposition the island of Java: Colonel, 1829: died
of Lord Pigot, .the Governor of Madras, Nov. 16, 1835 wrote Letters from a-:
in 1776 and was one of the four sentenced

:
Mahratta Camp, and Selections from the
Popular Poetry of the Hindus, 1814 : Hony. Cambridge ordained and went to Calcutta
:
Secy. R.A.S. as a Chaplain in Bengal in 1786 held :
several clerical charges, including the minis-

RROUGHTON DE GYFFORD, JOHN try of the Old Church, 21 years, and 10 years
CAM HOBHOUSE, BARON (1786- the senior Presidency chaplaincy, and
1869) laboured greatly in the cause of missions
and aid to native Christians was held :
Son of Sir Benjamin Hobhouse, Bart.
in great esteem by the English residents :
born June 27, 1786 : educated at Bristol,
founded the Auxiliary Bible Society Pro- :
Westminister and Trinity College, Cam-
vost of the College of Fort William, Aug.
bridge friend of Byron and travelled with
:
18, 1800 in 1 812 he embarked on a ship

:
him on the Continent committed to :
which was wrecked in the Bay of Bengal:

Newgate from Dec. 14, 1819, to Feb. 29,
was rescued, and returned to Calcutta,
1820, for breach of privilege of the House
but died there directly, June 14, 1812.
of Commons M.P. for Westminster, :
1820 succeeded as Baronet in 1831

: :
BROWN, FRANCIS CARNAC (1792-
Secretary at War, 1832-3 Chief Secretary :
1868)
for Ireland, 1833, resigned M.P. for :
Nottingham, 1834 Commissioner of :

Born at'^Mahe, Nov. 10, 1792 son of :
Woods and Forests President of the :

Murdoch Brown {q.v.) educated in :
Board of Control, April 23, 1835, to Sep. England and France (where he was
4, 1841 again from July 8, 1846, to Feb.
:
detained at the ruptiure of the peace of
3, 1852 on his advice the appointment
:
Amiens) joined the 80th foot Lieuten-
: :
of Lord Heytesbury in 1835-6, to succeed ant and A.D.C. retired on half pay to
:
Lord W. Bentinck as Governor-General help his father manage the Anjrakandy

was cancelled he supported Lord Auck- :
estate J.P.
: returned to Europe, 1838
: :
land's Afghan policy M.P. for Harwich :

was an active member of the committee
in 1848 : made a peer in 1851 : K.C.B. in of the " British India Society," the first
1852 : June 3, 1869
died wrote his :
organization established to promote re-
Recollections of a Long Life, and a number form in India, and afterwards of the
" India Reform Society " died at Telli-
of papers on literary, classical, political :
and historical subjects. cherry, Sep. 23, 1868 author of pamphlets :
on Indian subjects. Letters to and from the

BROWN, CHARLES PHILIP (1798- Government of Madras relating to the
1884) Disturbances in Canara in April, 1837-8:
I.C.S. born in India, 1798 Free Trade and the Cotton Question with
: son of :
the Rev. David Brown {q.v.) reference to India, being a Memorial from
educated :
the British merchants of Cochin, 1847

••
by his father in India and at Haileybury : :
went to Madras in the Civil Service, Obstructions to Trade in India, 1862 :
1817 : Judge of Masulipatam ; Persian and The Supply of Cotton from India, 1863 :
Telugu Translator to Government his knowledge of native customs and

Post :
Master General, Madras Member of the :

native matters generally on his side of
Council of Education early made a :
India was probably unrivalled among
special study of Telugu and became a Englishmen he was able to explain many
:
great scholar compiled a Telugu-English

:
things relating to the natives which others
and English-Telugu Dictionary, 1845-53, had not been able to understand.
and Grammar, 1840, and translated the
Bible into Telugu published Chronologi- :
BROWN, SIR JOHN CAMPBELL
cal Tables and various works in Telugu
:
(1812-1890)
:
wrote on' that language and other subjects Entered the Medical Service of the
in the Madras Journal of Literature : Bengal Army, 1836 in the first Afghan:
retired, 1855 Honorary Professor of

: war : became Surgeon-General, 1870 :
Telugu in London University on the : C.B., 1858 K.C.B., 1875

: died July 27, :
Council of the R.A.S : died 1884. 1890.
BROWN, REV. DAVID (1763-1812) BROWN, MURDOCH (1750-1828)

Born in 1763 : educated at Scar- Born Edinburgh, 1750, left Scotland
at
borough, Hull, and Magdalen College, for Lisbon merely for the voyage, but
::

never returned : found work at Lisbon, BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839-1896)
made his way through Europe in 1775 :
Born Sep. 16, 1839 son of Robert :
went out as Consul to Calicut for the Browne educated at Cheltenham and
:
Empress Maria Theresa of Austria Addiscombe appointed to the Bengal :
engaged in trade, of which Jonathan Engineers, 1857 served in the N.W. :
Duncan, Governor of Bombay, wrote, 1792, Frontier campaign against the Mahsud-
as the most considerable of any British Waziris, i860, in the Umbeyla campaign,
subject on that side of India: he lost
1863 Executive Engineer in the Panjab :
:
eleven ships. East Indiamen, of 1,000 tons in 1876 surveyed for a railway from
or more in the war with France in 1798 he :
Sukkur to Quetta Political Officer at :
took over from Government as a plan- Quetta in the Afghan war, 1878-9,
:
tation " Five Tarras of Randaterra " (The Political with Sir D. Stewart's advance to
Anjrakandy estate) in Malabar : was Kandahar C.S.I. 1879 in Egypt, in
: :
granted, in 1802, a 99 years' lease, being 1882, commanded the Royal Engineers
the earliest English landholder in India :
of the Indian Contingent at Tel-el- :
the natives regarded him as their Raja :

Kebir C.B. 1882
: superintended the :
none but the lowest caste would work on construction of the Indus bridge, 1875 :
the estate, which was wasted by war :

Engineer in Chief of the Sind-Peshin rail-
he educated his tenants and Christianized way, 1883-7 Q.M.G. in India, 1889-90 : :
them by native catechists and German Chief Commissioner of British Belu-

missionaries, raising them in the scale of chistan, March, 1892 died there, June :
civilization : he spoke seven European and 13, 1896 : K.C.S.I : General.

five or six Oriental languages : died at
Tellicherry, 1828.
BROWNE, SIR SAMUEL (1824-1901)
Son of James Browne, M.D
born Oct.
BROWNE, CHARLES ALFRED (1802-
13, entered the Bengal Army,
1824 :
:
1866)
1840 in the Panjab campaign of 1848-
:
vSon of William Loder Browne born :

49 at Chilianwala and Gujarat
: in the :
Dec, 1802 was a Midshipman, R.N

: :
mutiny, with the 2nd Panjab cavalry, in
educated at Addiscombe joined the :
the movable column of the Panjab :
Madras Army, 1820 in 15th and 12th :

under Sir Colin Campbell in Oudh, lost an
regts. : examiner in Hindustani and arm gained the V.C for his action at
: :
Persian Military Secretary to Govern-

:
Nuria, near Philibhit, when he attacked
ment, Madras, 1857 Adjutant -General :
the rebels, and was severely wounded in
commanded at Nagpur, 1862 commanded :
hand-to-hand fight commanded the :
the N. Division, Madras Army, 1863 :

Guides in 1864 accompanied H.R.H. the :
retired, 1864 wrote a Persian grammar

: :
Prince of Wales on his Indian tour, 1875-6 :
established, 1833, Sunday schools at K,C.S.I. Military Member of the Supreme

:
Madras and the Black Town, the first in Council, Aug. 9 to Nov. 5, 1878 com- :
the Madras Presidency: died Feb. 14, 1866. manded the first Division of the Peshawar
Field Force, in the Afghan war, 1878-9 :
BROWNE, JAMES ( ? - ?
captured Ali Masjid, occupied Jalalabad :
)
K.C.B retired, 1879
: General G.C.B., : :
Major in the E. I. Co.'s service, iemp.

:
1901 died March 14, 1901
: he invented :
Warren Hastings Collector of: the the military sword belt, called after him.
Jungleterry districts, 1773 had difficult :
work in administering the country and BROWNE, SIR THOMAS GORE (1807-
settling disturbances sent by the Council :
1887)
on an embassy to Shah Alamat Delhi to
negotiate with him for assistance against Son of Robert Browne born July 3, :
the Sikhs Resident at Delhi, 1782

: : 1807 entered the Army 1824
: in the :
recalled, when Warren Hastings left campaign, in 1842, of the first Afghan
for England, 1785 published, in 1787.: war commanded his regiment as Major :
his Indian Tracts, which, he says, were was in the repulse of Haikalzai, at Kanda-
written by order of Hastings, describing har, Kabul and Istalif, and through the
the Jungleterry districts, and giving an Khyber to India C.B., 1843 was : :
account of the Sikhs. Governor of St. Helena, New Zealand,

: ::
Tasmania, Bermuda: K.C.M.G., 1869: Maharajpiu: in the Satlaj campaign, :
died April 17, 1887. 1845-6: at Badiwal, Aliwal, Sobraon in :
the Panjab campaign, 1848-9 at Sadu-

BROWNLOW, SIR CHARLES HENRY lapur, Chilianwala, Gujarat in the
;
(1831- )
mutiny at the second relief of Lucknow,
Born 1831 son of Colonel George A.
:
at Cawnpur and many engagements
Brownlow entered the Indian Army
:
C.B. 1875 retired as Lt-General, 1878
: :
served in the Panjab campaign, 1848 :

K.C.B. 1898 died April 15, 1899.
: :
Hazara, 1852-3 Mohmand expedition,

:
1854 (severely wounded) Yusafzai expedi- :

BRUCE, RICHARD ISAAC (1840- )
tion, 1858 China war, i860 Umbeyla

: : Born 1840 son of Jonathan Bruce : :
campaign, 1863 C.B. Hazara, 1868: : : served in the Afghan war, 1878-9 on the :
commanded the Southern column, Lushai N.W. Frontier of India at Daulatzai, :
expedition, 1871-2 K.C.B. A.D.C. to the : : 1884 in the Zhob Valley expedition, 1890
: :
Queen, 1869-81 Assistant Military Secre-

: co-operated in the opening of the Gomal
tary at Horse Guards, 1879-80 G.C.B. : Pass, 1890 British Commissioner of the
:
1887 retired.
: Afghan-Waziristan Delimitation Com-
mission, 1894 at Wano, 1894 in : :
BRUCE, CHARLES ALEXANDER Waziristan, 1894-5 a Commissioner in :
(1793-1871) the Panjab author of a Gazetteer of :
Born Jan. 11, 1793 at Jorehat, Assam : :

Dera Ghazi Khan, and a manual of
was the first explorer of tea tracts in Beluchi a History of the Marri-Beluch
:
Assam, and discoverer of the indigenous tribe : of The Forward Policy and its
tea plant in Assam was appointed :
Results.
Superintendent of Tea cultivation under
the Government of India until the tea BRUTTON, NICHOLAS (1780-1843)
industry was adopted by private enter- Entered the Army.1795 : went to India :
prise, as stated on a memorial tablet to at Seedaseer, 1799, and at the siege of

him in the Church at Tezpur wrote a :
Seringapatam, May 4, 1799 in the
:
report on the manufactiure of tea, and on Canara campaign under Lord Lake, ;
the export and produce of the tea planta- 1804-5 at the siege of Bhartpur, 1805
: :
tions in Assam, 1839 died April 23, : under General St. Leger on the Satlaj,
1871. 1809 in the Pindari campaigns of 1812
:
and 1817 in the Nipal war of 1815

: at :
BRUCE, JOHN (1745-1826) the siege of Hatras retired in 1837 from :
Historian : educated at Edinburgh the nth Hussars, as Lt-Colonel died :
University, and Professor of Logic there :

March 26, 1843.
appointed Keeper of the State Paper
Office,and Historiographer of the E. I. Co.: BRYANT, SIR JEREMIAH ( ? -1845)
M.P. for a borough in Cornwall, 1809-14 : Maj-General appointed to E. I. Co.'s :
and for a short time Secretary of the Army, 1798 served in Oudh in the : :
Board of Commissioners for the affairs of Mahratta war in Bundelkund at Deeg, : :
India, i.e. the Board of Control F.R.S : : 1804 Town and Fort Major, Fort
:
died April 16, 1826. He wrote on William, 1815 Judge Advocate General, :
philosophy as well as history his chief : 1 817, 1824 in the Dekkan war at : :
works relating to India were Historical Bhartpur, 1826 knighted, 1829 C.B. : : :
View of Plans for the Government of British commanded the 14th N.I., 1835 Director :
India, 1793 Annals of the E. I. Co. from

= E. I. Co., 1841 : died June 10, 1845.
their establishment by the Charter of Queen
Elizabeth, 1600, to the Union of the London
BRYDGES, HARFORD JONES, SIR
and English E. I. Companies, 1707-8, 1810 :
BARONET (1764^1847)
Report on the Renewal of the E. I. Co.'s In the E. I. Co.'s Civil Service son of :
exclusive Privileges of Trade for 20 years Harford Jones of Presteign born Jan. 12, :
from March 1794-1811. 1764 assumed the name of Brydges from

:
his mother's family Envoy to Persia, :
BRUCE, SIR HENRY LE GEYT (1824- 1 807-181 1 Baronet in 1807 resigned

: :
1899) in 1811 D.C.L., 1831 Privy Councillor

: :
Entered the Army 1842, in the Bengal died March 17, 1847 wrote on Persian :
Artillery : in the Gwalior campaign, at affairs and his mission.

:

BRYDON, WILLIAM (1811-1873) Scriptures in Malayalam, Syriac, etc. he :
Born Oct. 181 1 entered the E. I. Co.'s

9, :
wrote Christian Researches in Asia, 18 10 :
medical service in 1835 served with Sir :

Colonial Ecclesiastical Establishment, and
H. Fane and Lord Auckland : sent in papers about Christianity and Christian
1839 with a regiment to the first Afghan Missions in India he was D.D. of :
war. When the Army retreated from Glasgow and Cambridge died Feb. 9, :
Kabul in Jan. 1842, Brydon was attached 1815.

to the 6th regt. of Shah Shuja's Hindustani
Infantry and, alone, of 13,000 persons, BUCHANAN, LEWIS MANSERGH
reached Jalalabad alive on January 13, (1836- )
1842 he was in the garrison of Jalalabad

:
Son of John Buchanan,
of Co. Tyrone,
under Sir R. Sale, and with General Ireland volunteered for the Crimea
:
Pollock's army Kabul and back in

to served in the Indian mutiny in the 88th
1842 : in the mutiny of 1857 he was, by Connaught Rangers author of Through :
a curious fate, again besieged, being in the theHimalayas and Chinese Tibet Colonel : :
Lucknow garrison, and was uninjured C.B.

throughout the siege C.B., 1858 retired, : :
1859, as Surgeon-Major of the Bombay BUCHANAN-HAMILTON, FRANCIS

Army died March 20, 1873.
: (1762-1829)
Doctor born Feb. 15, 1762, son of
:
BUCHAN, GEORGE ( Thomas Buchanan, doctor took his degree :
I.C.S. appointed a writer on the

: of M.D. at Edinburgh in 1783 after :
Madras Establishment, Aug. 1792 :

serving on a man-of-war, joined the E.I.
Assistant under the Secretary in the Co.'s service in 1794 employed on a :
Military, PoHtical and Scout Department, mission to the Court of Ava, and on
and French Translator, 1794 also for :
various botanical, zoological and statistical
supplying " beetle," tobacco, and " gangee" inquiries in Chittagong and Tippera, and,
in 1795 Paymaster to the Malacca
: in 1 800-1, through Mysore, Canara and
expedition, 1796 sub-Secretary in the: Malabar, on which he wrote a full report :
above Department, 1799 Secretary in : went to Nipal in 1802 he was Surgeon :
the Public and Commercial Department, to Lord Wellesley, and accompanied him
1801 in the Military Department, 1801
; :
to England in 1805. The records of his
Chief Secretary, 1803 Private Secretary : subsequent inquiries in several Bengal
to Government, 1809 went home, 1810 : :
districts and Assam were deposited at the
" out of the service," 1814. India House in 1816 and not utilized for 22
years. He was Superintendent of the
BUCHANAN, REV. DR. CLAUDIUS Botanic Garden, Calcutta, 1814-5, when
(1766-1816) he returned to Scotland and took the
additional name of Hamilton on succeeding
Born March 12, 1766 son of Alexander :
Buchanan educated at Inverary and

:
to his mother's property F.R.S. and :
F.R.A.S., and contributed largely to the

Glasgow University Queen's College,Cam- ;
literaryand scientific societies to which he
bridge, 179 1-5 ordained, 1795 went
: :
to Calcutta as a Chaplain on the Establish-

belonged wrote on the History of Nipal,
:
the Genealogy of the Hindu gods, the

ment, 1797 at Barrackpur and Calcutta
: :
Fishes of the Ganges, etc died June 15,

was Professor and Vice- Provost of the :
College of Fort William, 1 799-1 807, when 1829.

the latter appointment was abolished he :
devoted himself to the promotion of BUCK, SIR EDWARD CHARLES

Christianity and to native education he :
(1838- )
made two prolonged tours in Southern and I.C.S. : educated at Norwich and
Western India, 1806-7, to ascertain the Oakham School, and Clare College,
circumstances and facts of the various Cambridge entered the Bengal Civil
:
religions of the country and suggest Service in 1862 and retired in 1897 :
measures he returned to England in

: represented the Indian Government at
1808, and advocated the appointment of the Colonial Exhibition, 1886 Secretary :
Bishops in India and the cause of missions, to the Government of India, 1882-97 :
besides pubhshing translations of the Knight Bachelor and K.C.S.I.

::
BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786- Major M.P. in both the English and
:
1855) Irish Parliaments Secretary to the Lord :
Son of Christopher Buckingham

born :
Lieutenant of Ireland, 1789-93 Privy :
Aug. 25, 1786: was at sea from 1796: Councillor, 1793 was, as Lord Hobartr :
went to India, 1815 in 1818, at Calcutta, :

Governor of Madras from Sep. 1794 ta
he brought out the Calcutta Journal,
Feb. 1798 led an expedition to Malacca
:
attacked Government so vigorously that, and destroyed the Dutch settlements

in 1823, his licence was taken away by
by his independence he came into antagon-
Mr. J. Adam {q.v.), and he was deported ism with the Governor-General, Sir John
from the country years afterwards, the :
Shore, over the affairs of the Nawab of
E.I. Co. gave him a pension of £200 a
the Carnatic, when Hobart desired to
year :went to India again when the make financial reforms the Court of :
restrictions on the Press had been re- Directors recalled him, but supported his
moved M.P. for Sheffield, 1832-7
: :
action in Tanjore affairs Hobart co- :
conducted the Oriental Herald and Colon- operated with the Governor-General against
ial Review, 1824-9, ^^.d was connected
Tippoo called up to the House of Lords,
:
with other journals, besides writing 1798 : helped to arrange the union with
largely on social and political subjects :
Ireland, 1799 Secretary for War and the
•
travelled extensively to and from India :

Colonies, 1 801-4 became Earl, 1804 : '•
wrote Arabia, 1825 Mesopotamia and :

appointed President of the Board of
Adjacent Countries, 1827 Assyria and :
Control, April 4, 1812 and spoke on the :
Media, 1830 travelled also in Europe and

:
renewal of the E.L Co.'s charter, 1813 :
N. America and gave lectures in Eng-
:
died Feb. 4, 1816.
land : died June 30, 1855.
BUCKLAND, CHARLES EDWARD
(BUCKINGHAM AND CHANDOS, (1847- )
n RICHARD PLANTAGENET CAMP- I.C.S. son of Charles Thomas Buck-

:
I BELL-TEMPLE- NUGENT- land, I.C.S. born Sep. 19, 1847 edu-

: :
I BRYDGES-CHANDOS-GRENVILLE, cated at Laleham, Eton, and Balliol

i THIRD DUKE OF (1823-1889) College, Oxford joined the Civil Service :
Governor born Sep. 10, 1823, only son

:
in Bengal, 1870 Private Secretary to :
of the second Duke educated at Eton : Sir Richard Temple, when Lieutenant-
and Christ Church, Oxford M.P. for :
Governor of Bengal, 1874-7, and Gover-
Buckingham, 1846-57 Junior Lord of :
nor of Bombay, 1877-8 : Revenue, and
the Treasury, 1852 as Marquis of Chandos :
Chief Secretary to of Bengal, Government
was Chairman of the London and N.W. and Member the Bengal Legislative of
Railway, 1853-61 succeeded as Duke, :
Council Senior Member of the Board of
:
1 861 Lord President of the Council,

: Revenue retired in 1904 CLE., 1895 :
: :
1866-7 : Secretary for the Colonies, author of Bengal under the Lieutenant
1867-8 : Governor of Madras from Nov. Governors : editor of The Dictionary of
1875 to Dec. 1 880 had to deal with the : Indian Biography.
severe famine of 1877, when immense
numbers of the population came on relief BUCKLAND, CHARLES THOMAS
works and gratuitous relief, and there was (1824-1894)
great mortality built Government House
:
I.C.S. son of the Rev. John Buckland
: :
at Ootacamund : Chairman of Commit- born Feb. 27, 1824 educated at Laleham, :
tees in the House of Lords, 1886-9 = P-C. :

Eton, and Haileybury gained his ap- :
G.C.S.I. : CLE. : D.C.L. : died March pointment to the Indian Civil Service
26, 1889 : when the Dukedom became by competition at Eton went to India :
extinct.
in 1844 served throughout his career in
:
Bengal, making a reputation for ability

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, ROBERT HO- and independence as an administrator
BART, FOURTH EARL OF Junior Secretary to the Governor of
(1760-1816)
Bengal : Member of the Bengal Legisla-
Son born May 6, 1760
of third Earl : : tive Council, and Member of the Board of
educated at Westminster joined 7th : Revenue, Calcutta : retired in 1881 :
regt., 1776 served in the American war

: : died March 21, 1894.
:: ::
6o DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

BUHLER, JOHANN GEORG (1837- appointed, in 1859, Superintendent of the
1898) Government Press, Allahabad, and Curator
Born July of Government books died at Calcutta,
19, 1837, at Borstel, in Han- :
over son Oct. I, i860 described as " India's fore-

:
: pastor
of educated at
a :
Hanover and Gottingen graduated in :

most man of letters," " not only famous
Oriental languages and Archaeology, 1858 as the most successful of Indian journalists,
:
studied Sanskrit at Paris, London, Oxford :

but as the thoughtful and enterprising
became an eminent Orientalist Pro- :
man of science " he devoted himself to
:
fessor of Oriental Languages at the Elphin- scientific philanthropy.

stone College, Bombay, 1863 Superin-
tendent of Sanskrit Studies, Poona, 1866
:
BULANDSHAHR, LACHHMAN SINGH,
Educational
:
RAJA OF (1826-1896)
Inspector, N. Division,
Bombay Presidency, 1868, 1872 edited :
A Rajput of the Jadon clan his :
Sanskrit texts several times deputed to

:
grandfather held a high post in Sindia's
collect Sanskrit texts discovered over :
Army, and died at Alighar in 1801 his :
5,000 MSS., which the Indian Government sons resided in Agra, and held lands near
distributed among British Universities and the city : Lachhman Singh entered
Collections, and Indian Societies and Government service in 1847 employed as :
Institutions left :India, 1880 gave :

a translator in the Secretariat at Agra
much attention to ancient inscriptions, rendered good service during the mutiny :
doing important work as an epigraphist rewarded with a Khilat, and a small parcel
wrote on Indian inscriptions brought :
of revenue-free land in the Agra district
out, with Sir R. West (q.v.), a digest of employed in the Educational Department,
Hindu Law wrote a Sanskrit Primer,
:
and promoted to a Deputy CoUectorship :
editions of Sanskrit works published a :

wrote a Statistical Memoir of the Buland-
Glossary of the oldest Prakrit dictionary :
shahr District, and translated various
collaborated in the series of Sacred Books official works, besides the Sakimtala, in
of the East : translated the Laws of Hindi :in 1877, was made Raja as a
Manu became Professor of Indian
:
personal distinction after his retirement,
:
Philology and Archaeology at the Univer- resided at Bulandshahr, and died there in
sity of Vienna edited an Encyclopeedia
:
July, 1896.
of Indo-Aryan Philology contributed his :
Indische Paldographie, 1896 was member :

BURDWAN, MAHARAJA DHIRAJ BI-
of the Royal Asiatic and other learned JAY CHAND MAHTAB BAHADUR
Societies drowned in Lake Constance,
:
OF (1881- )
April 8, 1898. Born Oct. 19, 1881 son of Raja Ban :
Bihari Kapur (q.v.) succeeded in 1885

: :
BUIST, GEORGE (1805-1860) was installed as Maharaja in Feb., 1903.

Doctor : born Aug. 22, 1805 : son of
the Rev. J. Buist educated at St. Andrews:
BURDWAN, MAHTAB CHAND RAI,
and Edinburgh became a preacher and
:
MAHARAJA ADHIRAJ BAHA-
lecturer, and editor of newspapers in DUR OF (1820-1879)
Scotland from 1832 to 1839, when he be- Son of Maharaja Tej Chand Rai born :
came editor of the Bombay Times till Nov. 17, 1820 succeeded to the Burdwan
:
1857 :he opposed the Government policy Raj (which pays over 40 lakhs annually
in Kabul in 1842 from Jan. 1858 he : of Government Revenue), on April 16,
brought out the Bombay Standard, which 1832 : made Maharaja Adhiraj Bahadur,
was amalgamated with the Bombay Aug. 30, 1833 on Jan. i, 1877, was
:
Times in i860. He was Inspector of granted a salute of 13 guns as a personal

Observatories in Bombay for many years, distinction, and the title of " His High-
and wrote on scientific subjects, meteoro- ness " : appointed to the Governor-
logy* geology, antiquities, for the Bombay General's Legislative Council in 1864
Asiatic Society's Jomrnal he was instru- : during the Sonthal rebellion of 1855, and
mental in the establishment of a number in the mutiny, he helped Government
of observatories, and founded the Bombay greatly with transport, and by maintaining
Reformatory School of Industry a : communications : established a college,
Municipal Commissioner in Bombay schools, hospitals and dispensaries on his
: :
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 6i
estates widely supported charities, and

; BURGOYNE, SIR JOHN, BARONET
gave munificent contributions on occasions ( 1739-1780)
of epidemic fever, famines and calamities :
General born 1739 : entered the Army :
encouraged literature and learning though :

young: served in the 7th and other
not always a strict observer of Hinduism,
regts. Lt-Colonel of 58th regt., 1764
:
he maintained his numerous religious and of 14th Light Dragoons raised, in

:
:
endowments and temples while he did :
78 the
1 1, first regt. of European cavalry
not seek popularity, he was highly re-
sent to India, called the 23rd Light Dra-
spected by both Europeans and his coun-
goons, afterwards the 19th Dragoons and
trymen, for his independence, high
the 19th Hussars, which he took to
character and public spirit : died at
Madras Maj-General, 1783
Bhagalpur, Oct. 26, 1879.
:
he and Sir :
Robert Fletcher were the champions of

what they considered the rights and
BURGESS, JAMES (1832- privileges of the King's service as against
the authority of the E.I. Co.'s Governor
Born Aug. 14, 1832 : educated at Dum-
and Council both were recalled, but
fries, Glasgow, Edinburgh went to :
:
Burgoyne died at Madras, Sep. 23, 1785

India, 1855 engaged in educational
:
:
buried in the Fort Church there.

work in Calcutta and Bombay Archaeo- :
logical Surveyor and Reporter for W. India,

1874 and for S. India, 1881
: Director- :
BURKE, EDMUND (1729-1797)
General of the Archaeological Survey of
India, 1886 Fellow of the Bombay
: Son of Richard Burke
born Jan. 12, :
University retired, 1889

: attended the : 1729 educated at Ballitore and Trinity
:
Geneva Oriental Congress, 1894, as College, Dublin, 1743-8 entered at the :
representative of India edited the Indian : Middle Temple, but not called to the
Antiquary, 1872-84 published scientific : bar : took to literature founded the :
papers in the Philosophical Magazine, Annual Register, 1759 Private Secretary :
Archceological Survey Reports, Epigraphica to Lord Rockingham, Prime Minister,

Indica, 1889-94 published various ar- : 1765 M.P. for Wendover, 1765-74
: for :
chaeological works, as The Rock Temples Bristol, 1774-80 for Malton, 1781-94
: :
of Elephanta, 1871 Temples of Somnath, : Paymaster of the Forces, 1782-3 his :
Junaghar and Girnar, The Rock Temf^les connexion with India extended over
of Ajanta, The Rock Temples of India many years he attacked the E. I. Co.,
:
(with J. Fergusson), 1880 Buddhist Art : 1766 refused, in 1772, an offer by the
:
in India, igoi. E. I. Co.'s Directors, of an appointment to

reform their adminstration opposed :
Lord North's " Regulating Act," 1773 '
BURGOYNE, JOHN (1722-1792)

was member of the Committee on the
General son of Captain John Bur-
:
affairs of the E.I. Co., 1783, wrote both
goyne educated at Westminster entered
: :
the Ninth Report on the trade of Bengal
the Army in the 13th Light Dragoons, and the system pursued by Warren
1740 M.P. for Midhurst, 1761
: for :
Hastings, and the Eleventh Report on
Preston, 1768 spoke, moving for a :
the system of presents drafted Fox's. :
Select Committee, on the Government of East India Bill, 1783 attacked Hastings :
India, 1772, urging the principle (after- in a speech on the debts of the Nawab of
wards adopted by Fox and Pitt in their Arcot, 1785, and again on the Rohilla
India Bills) of Government control over war, 1786: impeached Hastings before
the E. I. Co. in the attack in Parliament
:
the House of Lords, May, 1787 led the :
on Lord Clive, May 3, 1773, Burgoyne, impeachment at the trial of Hastings in

Chairman of the Committee, was the Westminster Hall, Feb., 1788 secured :
accuser, and carried condemnatory reso- its continuation in a new ParUament,

lutions Clive commanded in
against :
1790 spoke for nine days in May-June,
:
America 1774, and surrendered at

in 1794, in reply to Hastings' defence
Saratoga, Oct. 17, i777 C. in C. in Ire- : Hastings was acquitted in April, i795 :
land, 1782 was a manager of the im-

: Burke died July 9, i797 no further al- :
peachment of Warren Hastings, 1787 lusion need be made here to his writings,
died June 4, 1792. speeches in Parliament and political.
career, which are well known apart from BURNELL, ARTHUR COKE (1840-
his relations to India. 1882)
I.C.S. born 1840
: son of Arthur :
BURKE, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (1769- Burnell, of the E.I. Co.'s Marine Service :
1837) educated at Bedford and King's College :
Entered the Army

as a Hospital Mate after passing the open competitive exami-
nation, went to Madras, i860 held minor
on Sep. 13, 1795, and rose, through the :
grades of Regimental Surgeon, Apothecary, appointments and, from 1870, district

Surgeon, etc. to be, on Oct. 5, 1825, judgeships in various districts, longest at
Inspr-General of Hospitals of the Forces Tanjore, until 1880, when his health,
in the East Indies, until his death. In always indifferent, gave way. On his
retirement, the Madras Government re-
1817, he was Physician-General in the
Mauritius, was present at the capture of corded their regret for being " prematurely
nearly all the French and Dutch colonies deprived of the services of so distinguished
in the West Indies and South America :
a scholar " died Oct. 12, 1882.
: He began
served in Europe, including the Mediter- early to collect Sanskrit MSS., and made
ranean and Gibraltar and was at the :
an extensive collection, which he presented
capture of Bhartpur by Lord Combermere to the India Office Library was an :
died at Calcutta, May 22, 1837. excellent Sanskrit scholar published :

in 1826 :
translations from Sanskrit, and catalo-

gues also knew some Tibetan, Arabic,
BURLTON, PHILIP BOWLES
:
(1803-
Kawi, Japanese, Coptic and Pali travelled :
1829)
in Arabia, Egypt, Nubia wrote a Hand- :
Son of William Burlton joined the : book of South Indian Palceography, on The
Bengal Artillery at Dumdum in 1821 : Portuguese in India, The Aindra School of
was transferred to Africa was actively : Sanskrit Grammarians, 1875 made a :
employed in the Burmese war of 1824 : catalogue of the Tanjore Library, and,
devoted himself zealously to discovering with Sir H. Yule, compiled the Hobson-
the sources of the Brahmaputra and Jobson, a Glossary of Anglo-Indian collo-
Irawadi, and solving geographical ques- quial words and phrases besides many :
tions : he also wrote about the Assamese : papers on law, languages, ethnography
was murdered, with Lt. Bedingfield of and inscriptions CLE. and Ph.D. of : :
the Artillery, by the Khasias at Nunklow, the University, Strasburg.

in Assam died April 4, 1829.
:
BURNES, SIR ALEXANDER (1805-

BURNE, SIR OWEN TUDOR 1841)
(1837- )
Political son of James Burnes born
: :
Maj -General son of the Rev. Henry

: May connected with the family
16, 1805,
Thomas Burne entered the Army, 1855
: : of the poet Burns educated at Montrose :
served in the Crimea and in the Indian Academy entered the E. I. Co.'s military
:
mutiny present in 15 actions, including

:
service at 16 Interpreter at Surat in
:
the siege and capture of Lucknow pro- : 1823 transferred to Cutch in 1825
: :
moted for gallantry in the field Military : sent, in 1830, on a mission, with a gift of
Secretary to Lord Strathnairn, when horses, to Ranjit Singh at Lahore, and to
C.-in-C. in India, 1861 Private Secre- : explore the country in 1832, travelled, :
tary to Lord Mayo, Viceroy of India, under the orders of Government, in N.

1869-72 Political A.D.C. to the Secretary
:
India, Afghanistan, Bokhara and Persia :
of State for India, 1872 Assistant Secre- : in England in 1833-5, was lionized as a
tary, 1873, and later. Secretary, Political traveller received the medal of the
:
and Secret Department, India Office, Royal Geographical Society, and elected
1874 : Private Secretary to Lord Lytton, member of learned Societies on return :
Viceroy of India, 1876-7: Member of to India, he succeeded, by negotiation at

the Council of India, 1887-97 author of : Hyderabad (Sind), in warding off war with
Clyde and Strathnairn, in the " Rulers of the Amirs, who agreed to a survey of the
India" series; Lord Strathnairn, Imperial Indus in 1836, Burnes was sent on a
:
Assemblage at Delhi, etc. CLE., 1877 : : mission, nominally commercial, but really
K.C.S.I.. 1879. political, to Dost Muhammad, Amir of
:
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY ^3
Kabul his discovery of Russia's intrigues,

: obtained the release of 1,400 Burmans and
and the arrival of a Russian agent at Peguese Deputy Commissioner of Tenas-
:
Kabul, led to his advice, that Dost Muham- serim, 1827-9 Resident at the Court of
=
mad, the reigning Amir, should be sup- Ava, 1829-38 contributed papers to the
:
ported but this advice was not accepted,

:
J.A.S.B., about Ava: wrote a Historical
the Amir's requests were rejected, and, Review of the Political Relations between
by the second Afghan war. Shah Shuja British India and Ava had a Dictionary :
was to be reinstated. Burnes was sent to of Pali compiled returned to India, :
Sind and Beluchistan, to prepare the way 1842 : died there in 1845-6.
of the British Army he was made, later, :
Political Agent at Kabul under the Envoy BURNOUF, EMILE LOUIS (1821
Sir W. H. Macnaghten Shah Shuja Born
:
at Valognes, Aug. 25, 1821 cousin :
was re-made Amir Burnes was knighted, :

of the Orientalist, Eugene Burnouf {q.v. ) :
made Lt-Colonel 'and C.B. for 2 years,: :

studied at Paris appointed Professor of
:
at Kabul, he had a subordinate position :

Oriental studies at Nancy, 1854: in 1867,
the Afghan mob rose, not without warning, Director of the Ecole Fran^ aise at Athens :
on Nov. 2, 184I; and Burnes was assassi- returned to France in 1875, and settled at
nated. It came to light, in 1861, that
Paris as an Indian scholar, his chief
:
some of Burnes' despatches from Kabul,

in 1839, had been altered, so as to convey
works are his Sanskrit
:
—
Grammar,
brought out in collaboration with Leupol,
opinions opposite to his. The matter a Sanskrit and French Dictionary,
1859 :
was brought before Parliament, on an 1863-5 Essai sur le Veda, 1863

: Bha- :
application for an inquiry but Lord :

gavad-Gita, translation, 1861, 1895.
Palmerston's Government resisted the
motion, which was defeated on the ground BURNOUF, EUGENE (1801-1852)
of the interval of time that had passed
since the occurrence. Born Aug. 12, 1801
at Paris, son of :
Jean Louis Burnouf, grammarian a :
BURNES, JAMES (1801-1862) pupil of Chezy studied at the College of

:
Elder brother of Sir Alexander Burnes, Louis-le-Grand scholar gave up his

: :
(q.v.) born Feb. 12, 1801

: educated at : profession, the law, and took to Oriental
Edinburgh University and London hospi- languages gave instruction in Sanskrit,
:
tals : went out to Bombay with his 1824 : published in 1826, with Lassen of
brother, 1821 was Residency Surgeon
: Bonn, the Essai sur le Pali : appointed
at Cutch in the expedition of 1825 against
: Professor of General and Comparative
Sind invited, in 1827, by the Amirs to
: Grammar in the Normal School at Paris,
Sind from 1837, he held medical and
: 1829-33 : and of Indian Languages and
other scientific appointments at Bombay, Literature at the College de France, 1832 :
and was Secretary and Member of the a founder of the Societe Asiatique in
Medical Board and, finally, Physician- Paris published, 1833, a commentary on
:
General, retiring in 1849 President of : the Yacna, dealing with the language,
the Medical and Physical Society Vice- : literature, and history of the Parsis
President of the Bombay Asiatic Society : brought out his Etudes sur la langue et les
was LL.D. of Glasgow, 1834 F.R.C.P. : textes Zendes, 1840-50 the earliest to :
of Edinburgh F.R.S. and a Knight of

: study Zend MSS. at first hand, giving
the Guelphic Order wrote a Narrative : a great impulse to the study of that lan-
of a Visit to Sind, and a History of Cutch : guage, and assistance in the decipherment
died Sep. 19, 1862. of the old Persian cuneiform inscriptions :
wrote 3 vols, of his work on the text

BURNEY, HENRY ( ? -1846?) and translation of the Bhagavat Purana,
Captain attached to the 20th (Marine)
: 1840-4 and began an introduction to the
:
N.L on duty at Prince of Wales' Island

: : History of Indian Buddhism, 1844 trans- :
learnt Malay acquired knowledge of the

: lated a Sanskrit work on Le Lotus de la
Archipelago and Malacca appointed : Bonne Lot, 1852, and the Vendidad Sade,
MiUtary Secretary of the Penang Govern- 1829 : and wrote on the Buddhist inscrip-
ment employed to negotiate with Malay
: tions on pillars and rocks left other :
and Siamese Chiefs Political Agent to : Zend works and a Pali grammar and
Siamese States, 1825 Envoy to Siam : : dictionary nearly complete Permanent :
:

Secretary of the Academy of Inscriptions : account of it. In 1854 he visited Somali-
Member of the Institute of France since land with the leave of the Bombay Govern-
1832 :a great European Orientalist ment :wrote Footsteps in E. Africa : in
died May 28, 1852. 1855, served in the Crimean war in the
Bashibazouks on leave from India, led
:
BURRELL, LITTELLUS (1753-1827) an expedition with Speke to discover the

sources of the Nile, 1856-9 gained the
Ma -General born in 1753 entered
j : :
:
gold medal of the Royal Geographical

the E. I. Co.'s Bengal Army as a volunteer
Serjeant, 1772 Society, 1859 :left the Indian service,
in 1770 Corporal, 1771
: ; ;
only visiting that country again in 1876,

Serjeant-Major, 1775 ; Ensign, 1779 ; Maj-
to Aden, Sind and Goa. The rest of his
General, 1821 was at the battle of
:
life was spent in the Consular service at

Cutra, April 23, i774 in the capture of :
Gwalior under Popham in 1780 fought :

Fernando Po, in Brazil, Damascus, Trieste
under Col. J ohn Gardiner at Malavilli (1872-90), and in extensive travels in
and Seringapatam, 1799 engaged in :
North and South America, on the Gold
Coast, and in other countries adjacent to
Mysore, in Lord Lake's campaigns of 1803,
commanded a Brigade in his consular appointments. His literary
and 1804-5 :
1 81 7 against the Pindaris, and, later, the

work was very considerable. He wrote
British forces in Oudh, and at Cuttack :
on Camoens and translated the Lusiad :
after 1821 he retired, and died Sep. 13,

planned a great Book of the Sword and :
1827.
translated the Arabian Nights, with a
fulness of textand notes which laid bare
BURROW, REUBEN (1747-1792) his minute knowledge of Oriental nature :
his works exceeded 50 volumes. His wife

A distinguished mathematician and accompanied him wherever possible in
astronomer born Dec. 30, i747. son of a
:
his appointments and travels and wrote :
farmer educated at Leeds

: became a :
a life of him, which was corrected by
clerk, usher, schoolmaster, assistant astro-
another account : made K.C.M.G. in 1885 :
nomer and schoolmaster at Greenwich, died at Trieste, Oct. 20, 1890.

arithmetical teacher at the Tower, edited
the Royal Almanack, went to India in 1782,
learnt Sanskrit wrote to Warren Hastings,
:
BUSSY-CASTELNAU, CHARLES
then Governor-General appointed to :
JOSEPH PATISSIER, MARQUIS
teach mathematics to the Engineers, and
DE (1718-1785)
on the Survey of Bengal an early member :
French officer was in La Bourdonnais'
:
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, for whom, expedition to India in 1746 through his:
and the Asiatic Researches, he contributed influence, Salabat Jang was made Nizam
eleven papers about the mathematics and of Hyderabad in 175 1, on the death of
astronomy of the Hindus died at Baxar, :
Muzaflfar Jang Bussy secured French
:
June 7, 1792. ascendency at Hyderabad and the grant

of the Northern Sircars fighting for the
:
BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS Nizam, he defeated the Nawab of Savanore,

(1821-1890) but was, through jealousy, ordered in 1756
Traveller, author and linguist : son of to leave the Nizam's territory soon :
Colonel J. Netterville Burton : born regained his supremacy refused assist-

:
March 19, 1821 : educated on the con- ance to Sturajuddaula, Nawab Nazim of
tinent, without system, and was at Trinity Murshidabad in 1757 he seized Vizagapa-
:
College, Oxford, for 5 terms from 1840 : tam and other English fortresses, and
to India, 1842, in the Bombay Native secured Daulatabad for Salabat Jang. In
Army made : himself proficient in Oriental June, 1758, when at the zenith of his
languages and studied Muhammadan life power, he was recalled by Lally, the new
and customs thoroughly, at Baroda and French Governor-General at Pondicherry :
in the SindSurvey wrote on Pushto and : in the battle of Wandiwash, in which Sir
Beluchi while in England, from 1849 to
:
Ejnre Coote defeated Lally, in Jan., 1760,
1853, he published works on languages Bussy was taken prisoner by the English,
and his Indian experiences. In 1853 he but released. After the capture of
made the pilgrimage to Mecca in disguise, Pondicherry on Jan. 16, 1761, no mention
without being detected, and wrote a full is made of Bussy in India until 1783, whea
he was landed with French troops, by United Provinces, Jan. to Nov., 1895, and
Admiral Suflxein, to reinforce Cuddalore, as temporary Member of the Governor-
then besieged by the English. On the General's Supreme Council, Feb. to May,
declaration of peace between France and 1896 : C.S.I. in 1895 i] retired in 1897.
England, Bussy withdrew the French
troops from the support of Tippoo. He CADELL,fJESSIE ELLEN (1844-1884)
is said to have gained a large fortune in BornAug. 23, 1844 daughter of :
India and to have been highly regarded William Nash, merchant, London was an :
by Dupleix. He died at Pondicherry, excellent French scholar was in India, :
Jan. 1785. 1858-64 went with her husband, Capt.

:
Henry Mowbray Cadell (died 1867), to

BUSTEED, HENRY ELMSLEY Peshawar wrote a novel, Ida Craven, on
:
(1833- ) frontier life, 1876 and Worthy learnt : :
Hindustani, Persian and some Arabic,

Brig-Surgeon entered the : Madras
studied Omar Khayyam, and prepared
Medical service, 1856 served in the :
a superior edition and translation, pub-

Indian mutiny at the relief of Lucknow,
:
was in the Assay Department of lished, 1899 wrote an article on it in

:
1857 :
the Mints at Madras, Bombay, and Cal-

Eraser's Magazine was closely connected :
with the Anglo-Indian Association, 1873-

cutta, successively confirmed as Assay- :
81 :her health gave way, and she died

master, Calcutta, 1872 acted as Mint- :
master, 1873 and 1875 retired, June, :

June 17, 1884.
1886 C.I.E., 1887 author of Echoes

: :
CADELL, SIR ROBERT (1825-1897)
from Old Calcutta.
General : son of H. F. Cadell : educated
BUTLER, THOMAS ADAIR (1835-1901) at Edinburgh Academy and Addiscombe :
entered the Madras Artillery, 1843 on :
Major son of Rev. Stephen Butler

: :
the Turkish Staff in the Crimea, 1854-5 :
educated privately joined the 1st Bengal

served in the Indian mutiny
:
Inspr- :
FusiUers in the mutiny, at the assault

General of Ordnance at Madras, 1876-81
:
:
of Delhi, displayed great bravery wound- :

C.B., 1873 General, 1883, and Colonel
:
ed at the attack on Lucknow, March 9,

:
Commandant, R.A., 1885 K.C.B., 1894 : :
1858, twice swam the River Gumti and

died June 30, 1897.
gained the V.C. in the attack on Ruiya,
:
April 15, 1858 : in the N.W. frontier CADELL, THOMAS (1835-

campaign, 1863 : died May 17, 1901.
born Sep. son of
Colonel : 5, 1835 :
BYTHESEA, JOHN (1827-

H. F. Cadell, of Cockenzie, Haddington-
shire educated at Edinburgh University,
:
Born June 1827 son of Rev. G.

15, : Grange, Sunderland and abroad served :
Bythesea educated at Grosvenor College,

: with the 2nd European Bengal Fusiliers
Bath :entered the Navy, 1841 Rear- : (now the Munsters), at the siege of Delhi
Admiral, 1877 gained the V.C. in the
: and subsequent operations, and with the
Russian war, 1854-5 saw service in China '
3rd Bengal Cavalry in the Oudh cam-
and elsewhere, in command of various paign commanded a flying column in
:
vessels Naval Attache at Washington,

: Bundelkund. After the mutiny, Cadell
1865-7 Consulting Naval Officer to the
: entered the Political Department and
Government of India, 1874-80 C.B. : : served in Central India and Rajputana :
CLE. was Chief Commissioner of the Andamans

from 1879 to 1892 received his V.C. for :
CADELL, ALAN (1841- )

saving life on two occasions at the Flagstaff
I.C.S. born July 28, 1841 son of John
: : Picket, Delhi, on June 12, 1857, bringing
Cadell educated at Edinburgh Academy
: in wounded men under severe fire.
and University and in Germany entered :
CAILLAUD, JOHN (1724-1812)

the Bengal Civil Service, 1862 was Com- :
missioner of Agra and Rohilkund Member : Born1724 joined Onslow's regt., :
of the Board of Revenue, and Member of afterwards the 8th King's, in 1743 fought :
the Legislative Council, United Provinces : at Fontenoy and Culloden petitioned :
'acted as Lieutenant-Governor of the the E.I. Co. for a Commission in 1752 :

F
: :

joined Stringer Lawrence at Trichinopoly farmed for 20 years engaged in the :
with troops in i753 was repulsed before : Free Trade controversy reported on :
Madura in April, 1757 defended Trichino- : Ireland in 1850, and for the Times on
poly : defeated the Mysoreans near agricultural depression was M.P. for :
Madura in Nov. i759. he arrived at

: Dartmouth and the Stirling Burghs
Calcutta, appointed to the chief military 1857-65 toured in America, and served
:
command in Bengal : took command of on various Commissions F.R.S., CB. :
the British force co-operating with the and K.C.B. in 1882 visited India for :
Nawab of Bengal to protect Bihar against six months in 1878-9, as a Member of

the Shahzada defeated the Emperor at
: Sir R. Strachey's Indian Famine Com-
Sirsi, Feb. 22, 1760 took a prominent : mission published an account of his
:
part in deposing Mir J afar, and setting up experiences, first in the Nineteenth Century^
Mir Kasim Lt-Colonel in the E. Indies,
: and afterwards in a volume, India, the
Jan. 1760 reverted to Madras, 1761
: : Land and the People : was afterwards a
Brig-General, 1763 appointed C. in C, : Member of other Commissions on land
Madras, in succession to Lawrence, 1766 : questions LL.D. of Edinburgh
: on the :
took possession of the Northern Sircars Board of Agriculture in 1889, and Privy
for the E. I. Co. in 1766 concluded a : Councillor died Feb. 9, 1892.
:
treaty with Nizam Ali of Hyderabad to

pay a yearly tribute of 7 lakhs for the CALDWELL, SIR ALEXANDER (1763-
Sircars resigned, Jan. 1767, and went
: 1839)
to England D.C.L., Oxford, 1773
: he :
Son of William Caldwell born Feb. i, :
died in England, at Aston Rowant, Dec. educated at Woolwich, and joined

1763 :
26, 1812.
the Bengal Artillery in 1783 commanded :
at Midnapur in 1792 was at Pondicherry:
CAINE, WILLIAM SPROSTON (1842- in 1793 in 1798 led the Artillery which
:
1903) defeated the Nizam's Army he was at :
Born March son of Nathaniel 26, 1842, the battle of Malavilli, and the sieges of
Caine, wine merchant educated at : Seringapatam in 1799, and Gooty: in 1800
Birkenhead Park School entered his : to Calcutta as A.D.C. to Maj -General G.
father's business preached was M.P. : : Green. In 181 1, he commanded the
for Scarborough, 1880 Civil Lord of the : Artillery in Sir A. Auchmuty's expedition
Admiralty, 1884 M.P. for Barrow-in- : to Java, being present at the Batavia and
Furness, 1886: resigned his seat, 1886: Cornells engagements commanded the :
M.P. for E. Bradford, 1892-5, for Cam- Artillery at Agra in 181 2 against Zaman
borne from 1900 Temperance and India : Shah : CB. in 1817 retired, : 1821:
were his two chief subjects was a strong : Maj-General and K.C.B. in 1839 : G.C.B.
teetotaler, and advocate of advanced in 1838 died Dec. 6, 1839.
:
temperance President of the National

:
Temperance Federation, and of similar CALDWELL, SIR JAMES LILLYMAN

Associations a severe critic of the Govern-
: (1770-1863)
ment of India, and great friend of the Son of Major Arthur Caldwell, and
natives of India paid much attention :
nephew of General Sir Alexander Cald-
to the Indian Excise (liquor) question well [q.v.) born Nov. 22, 1770
: joined :
was strongly opposed to the Opium the Madras Engineers of the E. I. Co. in
trade paid visits to India
: criticized :
became General, 1854 was in the
1789 : :
missionary work in India was a Member :

Mysore campaign of 179 1-2 under Lord
of Royal Commission on Indian
the Cornwallis against Tippoo and in all the
Expenditure died March 17, 1903 :
fighting up to the siege of Seringapatam in
:
wrote Picturesque India, and Young Feb .-March, 1792 led a party in the
:
India. final assault on Seringapatam on May 4,

1799. After 10 years on civil public
CAIRD, SIR JAMES (1816-1892)
works, he was, in 1810-11, Chief Engineer
One
of the greatest authorities of his on the expedition to Mauritius defeated :
time on all agricultural subjects son of : the French by sea and took the island.
James Caird, born June, 1816 educated : In Madras, from 18 11, he had more engin-
at Edinburgh High School and University : eering work, and was special Surveyor of
fortresses C.B. in 1815 : was Com- : M.P. for Callington from 1784 : Baronet
missioner for the restoration of French in 1791 F.R.S. : became blind in 1795 :
:
settlements on the Coromandel and Malabar died March i, 1801.

coasts, and Chief Engineer of Madras in
1816 retired in 1837 and was made
:
CALLCOTT, MARIA, LADY (1785-1842)
K.C.B. and G.C.B., 1848 died June 28,

: : Daughter of Rear-Admiral George
1863. He painted in water-colours with Dundas, whom she accompanied to India
great skill. early in 1808 she married Capt. Thomas:
Graham, R.N., 1809 and travelled in :
CALDWELL, RIGHT REV. ROBERT India returned to England,

: 1811 :
(1814-1891) sailed with her husband for S. America in
born May 7, 1821 he died off Cape Horn in 1822

: :
Missionary and linguist :
she manied, in 1827, Augustus Wall

1814 at first he studied art in Dublin
:
:
Callcott, R.A., who was knighted on the

went to Glasgow University B.A., 1837 : :
Queen's Accession, 1837 she died Nov. 28, :
sent by the London Missionary Society to

joined 1842 :she wrote, as Maria Graham,
Madras, 1838 ordained, 1841 : :
lournal of a Residence in India, 1812

the English Church, 1841, and the Society
Letters on India, 18 14, besides other
for the Propagation of the Gospel also in :
works on travels, etc. including Little :
1841 made his residence at Idaiyangudi,

Arthur'' s Hidory of England, 1835.
"the shepherds' abode," in Tinnevelly,
and entered on his 50 years' missionary
work, during which the Christians of
CAMA, PESTONJI HORMUSJI asos-
1893)
Tinnevelly increased from 6,000 to 100,000.
He was, in 1877, consecrated Bishop of Son Hormusji Cama
of of "a Gujarat :
Tinnevelly as coadjutor to the Bishop of Parsi family in commercial partnership

;
Madras resigned his Bishopric on Jan. 31,

: with his brothers, 1828 to 1871 the :
and died at Kodaikanal on the Pulny Cama family established the first Indian
Hills on Aug. 28, 1891. He studied house of business in London, in 1855 :
comparative philology, and his linguistic Pestonji Cama led a retired life made a :
attainments were great helped to revise : large trust for charitable purposes and :
the Tamil Prayer Book and Bible, col- gave Rs. 164,000 for the Cama Hospital
lected Sanskrit MSS published a : for Females and Children in Bombay :
Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian a staunch supporter of native female

or South Indian Family of Languages in education warmly interested in the
:
1856 wrote on the " Tinnevelly Shanars,"

: cause of reform and progress in native
the general, political and mission history movements promoted the Victoria Gar-
:
of Tinnevelly, besides other works on dens, and various associations for the
religion LL.D. of Glasgow, 1857, and
: advancement of natives an early Free- :
D.D. of Durham, 1874. mason : CLE., 1887 : died about Jan. 21,
1893.
CALL, SIR JOHN, BARONET (1732-
1801) CAMAC, JACOB ( ? - ? )
Son of born in 1732

John went
Call : : In the 84th regt. till 1763 Lieutenant, :
to India in 1749, with Benjamin Robins, Oct., 1763 commanded the 24th Bengal
:
Chief Engineer and Captain-General of Infantry from 1766 for many years at
\rtillery arrived at Fort William, 1750
: : Ramghar served in 1779 under Popham
:
deputed to fortify St. David near Madras, against Sindia, whom he defeated at
[751 accompanied Clive, 1752, against
: Durdah Lt-Colonel, Jan., 1781
: re- :
he French Engineer-in-Chief at Fort

: tired, Dec. 2, 1782 died of fever in Ire- :
>t. David, 1752-7 Chief Engineer at : land.

vladras and the Coromandel Coast, 1758 :
it the siege of Pondicherry and Vellore :

CAMERON, AYLMER (1833- )
vas in the war of 1767-8 against Hyder Son Lt-Colonel W. G. Cameron,

of
\ Vli :Member of Council, Madras, in 1768 : Grenadier Guards served in the Seaforth :
etired, to England
1770, was High : Highlanders (72nd), in the Crimea, and in
heriff of Cornwall, 1771 Commissioner on : the Indian mutiny severely wounded at :
J'rown Lands, Woods, and Forests, 1782 : the storming of Kotah, where he gained
: :

his V.C. commanded the King's Own
:
Jamaica appointed Governor of Madras,
:
Borderers, 1881-1883 Chief of the :

April 1786 6,and in the same year C. in
:
Intelligence Department, 1883-6 Com- : C. During his period of rule he attempted

mandant of Royal Military College, a settlement of the vexed Question con-
Sandhurst, 1886-8: General. cerning the revenues of the Carnatic the :
treaty of 1787 was his work. Ill-health

CAMERON, CHARLES HAY (1795-1880) caused him to resign in 1789 he died :
Barrister son of Charles Cameron

:
i79i» and was buried in Westminster
born on Feb. 11, 1795 called to the bar : Abbey.
from Lincoln's Inn, 1820 was a Com- :
missioner on judicial affairs in Ceylon,

CAMPBELL, SIR ARCHIBALD,
and the poor-laws, in 183 1-3 after the :
BARONET (1769-1843)
statute of 1833, he was appointed Member Son of Captain A. Campbell born :
of the Law Commission and went to March 12, 1769 entered the Army, 1787
:
:
India in 1835 co-operated in law-making

:
went to Bombay, 1788, and served under
and codification with Macaulay, the Legal Sir Robert Abercromby, 1790-2 was :
Member was in 1843 himself Legal

:
at Seringapatam, 1792 at Cochin, 1795, :
Member of the Supreme Council till 1848 :

and the defeat of the Dutch in Ceylon,
and President of the Council of Education :
1796 was at Seedaseer and the final
:
retired in 1848 went to Ceylon in 1875, :

siege of Seringapatam, 1799 served in :
and died there. May 8, 1880. Portugal and under Sir John Moore, 1808 :
commanded a Portuguese regt., 1810

CAMERON, GEORGE POWLETT (1806- was Brig-General with the Portuguese,
1882) 1811 knighted, 1814
: K.C.B. 1815 : :
Son Captain Robert Cameron, R.N.

of :
was Portuguese Maj-General, 18 16, in
entered the E. I. Co.'s military service, command at Lisbon went to India again :
1821 served in the S. Mahratta country,

: with his regiment, 1821 commanded in :
1824-5 served in Portugal, 1832-3

: :
the first Burmese war, 1824-6, and took
sent to Constantinople and Persia served :
Rangoon and Prome, and, marching on
in the Persian Army, 1836-8 command- :
Ava, made the Treaty of Yandaboo in
ing at Tabriz visited Circassia C.B.
: : :
Feb., 1826 G.C.B. governed the ceded
: :
Political Agent with the Nawab of Arcot, Provinces still 1829, when he returned to
in Madras, 1842 in command in the : England Baronet, 1831
: Lieutenant- :
Nilgiri Hills, 1855 retired, 1858 wrote : :

Governor of New Brunswick, 183 1-7 :
an account of his travels, 1845, and The Lt-General, 1838 was unable through :
Romance of Military Life, 1853 died :

ill-health to accept the appointment of
Feb. 12, 1882. C. in C. Bombay in 1839 Colonel of the :
62nd regt., 1840 died Oct. 6, 1843. :
CAMERON, JOHN ALEXANDER

( ? -1885) CAMPBELL, CHARLES HAY
? -1832)
Went out to India in a merchant's
(
house acted as Editor of the Bombay

:
Major, son of William Campbell :
Gazette was a special war-correspondent

:
entered the Bengal Artillery in 1805 :
in the Afghan war, 1878, on the Kandahar served under Lord Lake was, in 1801, :
side :went out to the battle-field of Adjutant and Quarter-master of Artillery :
Maiwand, July 27, 1880 was similarly :

held other appointments on the General
employed as correspondent in Egypt, Staff of the Army Deputy Secretary in :
Madagascar, Tonquin, the Nile expedi- the Military Department and in charge of
tion, from 1880-5 killed in the fighting :
the Cossipur Gun Factory wrote, in the :
after Abuklea on Jan. 18, 1885 a tablet :

British Indian Military Repository, papers
put up to his memory in St. Paul's on professional subjects, including <the
Cathedral. History of Sieges in Bengal he diedjMay :J
19. 1832.
CAMPBELL, SIR ARCHIBALD
( ?i:-i79i) CAMPBELL, SIR COLIN (1776-1847)
Maj-General and K.B. Captain in 1758, :
Son John Campbell
of was born in :
wounded at Quebec as Colonel, captured ;

1776 from the Perth Academy he ran
:
Savannah in 1778 made Governor of :

away to sea, 1792 brought home from :
:: :

Jamaica : Midshipman on an East India- Military Secretary to Lord Canning when
man, 1793 joined the militia, 1795
:
; Governor-General, 1857-61 was Assistant :
the Army, 1799 went to India in 1 801-2 : : Inspector of Volunteers, 1864 died Nov. :
was under Arthur Wellesley at Ahmadna- 23, 1882.

gar, Assaye and Argaum A.D.C. to Lord :
Wellesley, and returned with him to CAMPBELL, SIR GEORGE (1824-1892)

England, 1805 served in Hanover, : I.C.S. son of Sir G. Campbell of Eden-
:
Denmark, in Portugal, the Peninsula wood, of the E.I. Co.'s Medical service :
was at a number of engagements, and was born in 1824 educated at the Edinburgh
:
A.Q.M.G K.C.B., in 1814 : was at : New Academy, St. Andrew's, Madras

Waterloo Maj - General, 1825 : Lt- : College, and the University, Haileybury :
Governor of Nova Scotia, 1833 Governor : went to India, 1842 served in the N.W.P. :
of Ceylon, 1839-47 : died in England, and Cis-Satlaj States and in 1849 in :
June 13, 1847 the Panjab after the annexation, which

he had advocated in the Mofussilite
CAMPBELL, DONALD (1751-1804) newspaper. While on furlough he was
Captain of a Cavalry regt. in the service called to the bar from the Inner Temple,
of the Nawab of the Carnatic at the age : 1854, and wrote Modern India, 1852 :
of 30 he made a journey to India and in 1855, he assisted J. R. Colvin in the

published an account of it, 1795: travelled government of the N.W.P., and became
via Venice, Trieste, Zante, Alexandria, Commissioner of the Cis-Satlaj States was :
Cyprus, Aleppo, Badgad, Russia and engaged in the mutiny of i857,about Delhi,
Bushire by sea to Bombay and Goa
: : Agra, Cawpiu:, Lucknow was provisional :
shipwrecked on the coast on his way to Civil Commissioner accidentally cap- :
Madras captured by Hyder All's soldiers

: tured three guns wrote letters on the
:
and imprisoned at Hydernagar, in com- mutiny to the Times,dind an official account

pany with one Hall, to whom he was of it for Lord Canning was second :
chained. Hall died in prison, and his Civil Commissioner for Oudh appointed :
gaoler refused to remove the corpse for Judge of the High Court, Calcutta, 1862 :
several days eventually, on General : was head of theCommission on the Orissa

Matthew's approach, he was released famine of 1866-7 Chief Commissioner
:
in order to negotiate with him on behalf of the Central Provinces in Nov., 1867 :
of Hyat Singh, Hyder's General with : Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal from March,

despatches for the Governments of Bom- 1871, to April, 1874, when, on account of
bay and Madras, he proceeded by sea to ill-health, he retired, having commenced
Anjengo, travelled by land through the relief operations against the Bengal
Travancore, Tinnevelly, Madura, Trichi- famine of 1873-4. His rule in Bengal
nopoly, Tanjore to Negapatam, and was very being intended to
energetic,
Madras with Lord Macartney's permis-
: rouse the Province from its alleged
sion, went on to Calcutta and, on behalf lethargy. He passed the District Road
of Hyat Singh, negotiated with Warren Cess Act, and gave a great impetus to
Hastings returned overland to Madras
: Education, especially primary K.CS.I. :
and Anjengo thence by sea to Bombay : in 1873 M.P. for Kirkcaldy 1875-92,
:
again visited Madras and China, and re- but was not successful as a politician :
turned to England in 1785, after four died at Cairo, Feb. 18, 1892 wrote :
years' absence died June 5, 1804. : several works the chief being The
:
Ethnology of India, The Capital of India,

CAMPBELL, SIR EDWARD FITZ-
Tenure of Land in India, The Eastern
GERALD, BARONET (1822-1882)
Question, besides papers on Ethnology and
Son Maj -General Sir Guy Campbell,
of languages and land questions he was :
Bart. C.B.,born Oct. 25, 1822 educated :

D.C.L. of Oxford, 1870. His auto-
at Sandhurst entered the Army in the :
biography was, after his death, edited by
6oth Rifles, 1841 Lt-Colonel, 1870
:
: Sir C. E. Bernard {q.v.)
retired 1872 : served with distinction
in the Panjab campaign of 1848-9, was CAMPBELL, SIR JAMES MACNABB
at the siege of Multan and at Gujarat (1847-1903)
in 1849 was A.D.C, to the C. in C, Sir C. I.C.S.: born 1847: son of Rev. J. M.
Napier was at the siege of Delhi in 1857
:
: Campbell, D.D. educated at Glasgow
: :
: :

D.C.L. Glasgow went out to Bombay,
:
force :with Sir Charles Napier in Sind :
1869 : Under Secretary to Government in the Indian mutiny was at Chinhut and
in Political, Judicial Departments, 1880 : the siege of Lucknow, for which he received
acted as Commissioner of Customs, Salt, his C.B.
Opium and Abkari, 1897 : Chairman of CAMPBELL, LORN ROBERT HENRY
the Bombay Plague Committee, 1897 DICK (1846- )
Commissioner, 1900 retired, 1900 C.I.E., : :
compiled the Entered the Army, 1863 served in the :

1885 : K.C.I.E. 1897 :
Hazara expedition, 1868 Dour Valley

Bombay Gazetteer, 1873-84, in 26 volumes :
;
expedition, 1872 Afghanistan, 1878-9;

wrote a history of Mandoghar, the capital
;
of the Muhammadan kingdom of Malwa,

Mahsud-Waziri expedition, 1881 ; China,
and " Notes on the Spirit Basis of BeUef 1900-01, where he commanded the lines
of communication commands the
and Custom," in the Indian Antiquary,
:
1894-1901 died May 26, 1903.

:
Bundelkund District, India, since 1901 :
Maj-General.
CAMPBELL, JOHN (1753-1784)
CAMBPELL, WALTER, MAJOR
Son of John Campbell, Lord Stonefield : (1864- )
born Dec. 7, i753 entered the Army =
Joined the Gordon Highlanders, 1887 :
in 1771 served in America

: went as :
served in the Waziristan Field Force,
Lt-Colonel to India in 1782 was engaged :
1894-5 Chitral
; ReUef Force, 1895 ;
against Hyder Ali was at Bednore and :

Tirah expedition, 1897-8, including Dargai,
Anantapur the British force being South Africa,
Sampagha, and Arhanga
:
;
driven into Mangalore by Tippoo, Camp-

1899-1902, with ist Batt. Gordon High-
bell was left in command and made the
landers Brig-Major, Highland Brigade,
:
famous defence of that town from May,

and D.A.A.G., Army Head Quarters :
i783,to Jan.,1784, when he was compelled
D.A.Q.M.G., Head Quarters Staff D.S.O. :
to surrender he died, from his exertions,

:
Feb. 23, 1784. CANARAN, CHURIA (1812-1876)
Born at Mahe, 1812 son of a jailor :
CAMPBELL, SIR JOHN (1802-1878)

at Tellicherry, whom he succeeded, 1829-
of John Campbell of Lochead
Son born :
32 : learnt several languages besides his
in 1802 entered the E. I. Go's service,
:
own vernacular Malayalam, and rose, from
1820: served in Madras in 1834 was in :
his firstappointment in 1832, through a
command in subduing the hill tribes in succession of posts in the judicial and
Orissa in the Gumsur war, 1836-7
: was :
revenue offices, to be a Deputy Magis-
deputed, 1837-42, to the civil duty of trate-Collector in 1859, retiring as a first-
stopping the practices of human sacrifice class officer at the end of 1869, after 39
and female infanticide among the Khonds years' service, having performed such excel-
of Orissa went to China, 1842
: C.B. : :
lent work in respect to the Moplah dis-
was again sent to his former duty among turbances in Malabar, 1852-5, his coura-
the Khonds, 1847-9 returned to Scot- :
geous conduct exposing him to great
land, 1855 Maj-General, 1872
: died :
danger, that for his "conspicuous and
April 22, 1878 published a personal :
most valuable" services therein and in
narrative of his 13 years' (not uninter- revenue matters, he was granted a pension
rupted) work among the Khonds, which equal to his full pay died Oct. 18, 1876.
:
led to controversy with the family of the

officer who had, in his absence, favoured CANDY, SIR EDWARD TOWNSHEND
(1845-
a different policy with that native race. )
born April 15, 1845 son of Major

I.C.S. : :
CAMPBELL, JOHN (1817- )

Thomas Candy educated at Cheltenham
: :
Surgeon-major born April 27, 1817 : : entered the Bombay Civil Service, 1865 :
son of Capt. Thomas Campbell R.N. was Judicial Assistant to the PoHtical
educated at St. George's.London, Aberdeen Agent, Kattiawar, 1872-82 : officiating
University, and King's College entered : Judicial Commissioner in Sind, 1886-7 :
the Bengal Medical Service in 1840 Bombay University,

Vice-chancellor of the
served in the Afghan war, 1842, on the 1 897-1902 Judge of the Bombay High
:
line of the Khyber, and with Pollock's Court, 1889-1902 Member of the Police
:
:
Commission, 1902-3 retired in 1903 : : reorganization of the finances and of the

C.S.I, in 1903 Knight Bachelor in 1904.
: Army required for India the reforms in
:
the Indian Councils, the development of

CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL education, the question of the income-tax,
(1812-1862) the grant of adoption sunnuds to native
Governor-General and first Viceroy chiefs, with the famine of 1 860-1 in the
third son of George Canning the statesman': N.W.P. The death of Lady Canning
born Dec. 14, 1812 educated at Putney,
: from fever, in Nov. 18 61, was universally
Eton, privately, and at Christ Church, deplored. He left India on March 18,
Oxford first class in classics and second
:
1862, in bad health: died June 17, 1862,
class in mathematics M.P. for Warwick : and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
in 1836 succeeded to his mother's
: He had been made K.G. for his services
peerage in 1837 Under-Secretary for
: in India.
Foreign Affairs, 1 841-6, and Chief Com-
missioner for Woods and Forests was a : CANNING, CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH,
follower of Sir Robert Peel Postmaster- : COUNTESS (1817-1861)
General in Lord Aberdeen's and Lord Daughter of Lord Stuart de Rothesay ;
Palmerston's Governments in 1853-5 :

born March 31, 1817, married, Sep. 5> i835»
Governor-General of India, Feb. 29, 1856 :
in London to the Hon. Charles John
Viceroy from Nov. i, 1858. In his first Canning, afterwards Earl Canning, {q.v.),
year of office he had to arrange for the first Viceroy of India. She was constantly
war with Persia, in which Sir James at Court as Lady-in -Waiting in attendance
Outram {q.v.) had the command. The on Queen Victoria. Her death at Calcutta,
events of the mutiny of 1857-8 constitute Nov. 18, 1 861, was deeply lamented.
the history of India rather than the
She returned to Calcutta on Nov. 8, after a
biography of Canning. Its causes orginated
month's visit to Darjeeling. She had
before his time. He was not alone in caught jungle fever on her way down, when
failing at first to appreciate adequately
passing through the malarious country at
the symptoms and the extent of the out-
the foot of the hills and in the Purnea
break but, on grasping its character, he
:
district. She was buried in Barrackpur
rose to the occasion. He detained troops Park, on the banks of the Ganges. All
on their way to China, and expedited the
accounts testify to her noble, simple and
dispatch of reinforcements to the affected
beautiful character, her talents and mental
districts of Upper India. He showed gifts, her personal appearance,her gracious-
calmness, courage, judgment, firmness,
in the trying time of
ness and dignity :
foresight, and acquired the name of

the mutiny she rendered great help to her
" Clemency Canning " for his moderation
husband by her devotion, loyalty and
in punishment, and his repression of
by her calm and steady
self-sacrifice,
vindictiveness. He became unpopular courage, her patience and self-possession,
on account of this policy. He trusted his " no one was ever more admired and looked
chief officers, SirHenry, and Sir John,
up to by every class of her Majesty's
Lawrence, his commanders in the field, Lord Canning wrote this
subjects."
his immediate advisers and others but
inscription for the monument over her
:
preserved his own right to decide, when " Honoxurs and praises written on
grave :
he disagreed with them. For a time he

a tomb are at best but vain-glory but :
assumed personally the government of the

that her charity, humility, meekness and
N.W.P. By his Oudh proclamation he
watchful faith in her Saviour wUl, for
confiscated, with exceptions, the land of
that Saviour's sake, be accepted of God
that province. This led to the controversy
and be to her a glory everlasting, is the
which ended in the resignation of Lord
firm trust of those who knew her best and
Ellenborough, the President of the Board in life, and who
most dearly loved her
of Control. He carried out the transfer cherish the memory of her, departed."
on Nov. I, 1858, of the Government of
India from the E. I. Co. to the Crown and :
was made an Earl. In 1859-60 and CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

1860-1 he made prolonged tours in Upper Son George Canning born April 11,
of :
India. He had to deal with all the 1770 educated at Eton and Christ Church,
:
troubles resulting from the mutiny, the Oxford M.P. for Newport, i794
:
for '•
:

Wendover, 1797 Under Secretary for : tions as, e.g. in 1787. in the time of Sir
:
Foreign Affairs, 1796-9 Commissioner : Archibald Campbell, when the Council had
of the Board of Control (commonly called to settle important matters with regard to
the India Board) 1799- 1800 Foreign : the Roman Catholic population of Madras,
Secretary, 1807 fought a duel with Lord
: and French influence had to be excluded :
Castlereagh, Sep. 22, 1809 M.P. for : saw active service and fought " with spirit
Liverpool, 1812 President of the Board : and gallantry " at Arikera, under Colonel
of Control, June 4, 1816, to Jan. 12, 1821 : Montresor, 1800 distinguished himself
:
nominated Governor - General of India under Wellesley became Lt-Colonel :
March, 1822, but, on Lord Castlereagh's and Adjutant-General. When Sir George
death. Canning resigned that appointment Barlow was Governor of Madras, Capper
and again became Foreign Secretary, became impUcated in the disputes between
1822 M.P. for Harwich, 1822
: Prime : General Hay Macdowall, C. in C. of the
Minister, April, 1827, and Chancellor of Madras Army, and the Civil Authorities,
the Exchequer died Aug. 8, 1827 : : 1809 Macdowall had resigned in Jan.
:
father of Earl Canning {q.v.). Viceroy and left for England the responsibility :
and Governor-General, 1856-62. of pubUshing his Army Order against

Munro (which gave further offence to the
CAPEL, HON. SIR THOMAS BLADEN Madras Government) rested with Colonel
(1776-185.'}) Capper, and his suspension was the result
Son of foiurth Earl of he, too, started for England, but was lost
Essex : born Aug.
at sea on the voyage, March, 1809.
25, 1776 :was in the Navy, 1791-1847,
rising to be Admiral served on various :
stations, and under Nelson at the Nile and CAREY, ARTHUR DOUGLAS ( ? - )
Trafalgar the forcing of the Dar-

: at I.C.S. educated at the City of London
:
danelles, 1807 off N. America

: K.C.B., : School went out to Bombay, 1865
: :
1832 :and from 1834 to 1837 was Naval Collector of Salt Revenue, 1881 acting :
C. in C. in the E. Indies, in the Winchester, Commissioner of Inland Customs, 1881 :
50 guns: G.C.B., 1852 died March 4, : in 1885 travelled, via Ladak to Northern
1853. Tibet, to Lake Mungtsa, Khotan, Kuchar,
Lake Lob, Tsaidam, Urumtsi, Yarkand, to
CAPON, SIR DAVID (1793-1869) Ladak Commissioner of Customs, Salt,
:
Born in Bombay, 1793 : educated in Opium and Abkari, 1891 on special duty :
England: entered the E. I. Co.'s military to Lisbon, in connexion with Goa Treaty
service, 1809 : joined the Bombay N.I., negotiations, 1891-2 retired 1893. :
1810 Palampur expedition, 1813

in the
: :
in the Konkan, 1817 commanded troops :

CAREY, EUSTACE (1791-1855)
at Aden, 1838 twice attacked by large
:
Missionary son of Thomas Carey, a
:
bodies of Arabs commanded a Brigade :

non-commissioned officer nephew of the :
of the Bombay Army at the siege of Rev. Dr. W. Carey (q.v.) born March :
Multan, 1848-9
the subsequent : in 22, 1791 educated at Bristol College
: :
pursuit of the Sikhs K.C.B., 1862 : :

arrived at Serampur as a missionary in
General, 1868 died Dec. 17, 1869.
:
1814 ; founded a missionary establish-
ment at Calcutta, 1817 left India, 1825
CAPPEL, SIR ALBERT JAMES LEPPOC
: :
urged the cause of missions in England :

(1836- )
wrote about missions and a memoir of
Born 1836served in the Crimea 1855-
: W. Carey died July 19, 1855. :
6 : entered the Indian Telegraph Depart-

ment, 1857, and was Director of Indian CAREY, FELIX (1782-1822)
Telegraphs, 1883-9 K.C.I.E. in 1887. :
Missionary : son of the Rev. Dr. W.
Carey (q.v.) : went with his parents
CAPPER ( ? -1809)
to India assisted his father in his
:
Colonel in the Madras Army influential : Biblical translations besides many trans- :
in the affairs of Fort St. George in the lations in Bengali, he published a Burmese
latter part of the i8th century on more : grammar, and began a Burmese dictionary
than one occasion was employed by the and Pali grammar he died at Serampur, :
Governors in civil and ecclesiastical negotia- Nov. 10, 1822.

:::
CAREY, MARY (1741-1801) CARMICHAEL, DAVID FREMANTLE

(1830-1903)
Of Indian birth wife of Peter Carey,
:
a seafaring man the last of the 23 sur-

: I.C.S. son of D. D. Carmichael Smyth
:
vivors of the 146 persons imprisoned in he resumed the family name of Carmichael
the Black Hole of Calcutta on June 20, educated at Harrow and Haileybury,
1756 her husband died there, or after-
: 1849-50 went to Madras in the Civil
:
wards in the fighting at Fulta her : Service, 1851 Private Secretary to Sir
:
subsequent fate is uncertain, but the C. Trevelyan when Governor, 1859 :
tradition of her being carried off by the Revenue Secretary to Government, 1875 :
Nawab's people is not authentic. She Chief Secretary, 1877 Member of :
married again, her second husband being a Council, 1878-83 died Sep. 30, 1903.
:
military officer. She confirmed, at an

interview on Aug. 13, 1799, Holwell's CARNAC, JOHN (1716-1800)
account of the Black Hole tragedy she : Entered the E. I. Co.'s service in 1758, as
died March 28, 1801, at Calcutta. Captain, from H.M.'s 39th regt. in 1760 :
commanded and in 176 1 defeated

at Patna,
CAREY, REV. DR. WILLIAM (1761- the Delhi Emperor near Bihar, and took
1834) prisoner M. Law with his men beat off :
Missionary: born Aug. 17, 1761, in Shuja-ud-daula's attack on Patna, April,

Northamptonshire son of Edmund Carey,
:
1764 : was Brig-General in 1764, and
a village schoolmaster apprenticed to a
:
defeated the Mahrattas in the Doab in
shoemaker at Hackleton joined the
:
1765 : received the Emperor Shah Alam
congregation of Baptists in 1783, and at and the Wazir Shuja-ud-daula, and closed
22 was publicly baptized studied Greek,
:
the war M.P. for Leominster, 1767
: in :
Latin and Hebrew under great privations ; 1776-9, was Member of Council, Bombay :
had charge of a congregation at Leicester Member of the Superintending Committee

in 1789, and joined in forming a Baptist on the expedition against Poona, 1778
missionary society at Kettering, 1792 :
and was dismissed the E. I. Co.'s service
sent out as their first missionary to Bengal for his share in the convention of War-
in 1794, lost all his property in the Hughli gaum, Jan. 14, 1779 died at Mangalore
:
and was destitute in Calcutta. After on a sea voyage, Nov. 9, 1800.

cultivating in the Sundarbans, he became
Superintendent of an indigo factory in the
CARNATIC, AZIM-UD-DAULA, NA-
Malda district for 5 years, built a church
WAB OF THE (1775-1819)
there, and preached in the villages. Son of Amir-ul-umra : nephew of
Being prevented by the E. L Co. from Umdat-ul-umra {q.v.), and grandson of
establishing a mission in British territory, Muhammad Ali {q.v.) : born 1775 on :
he formed with others, in 1799, a mission- the death of his uncle, Azim-ud-daula,
ary settlement at Serampur under the accepted the British terms, which Ali
protection of the Danish Governor, Colonel Husain, the reputed son of Umdat, had
Bie : there he first translated the Bible refused, and was given the succession.
into Bengali and printed it, and it was An engagement was made with him on
afterwards translated into 26 languages. July 31, 1 801, by which he gave up the
Carey also published dictionaries and government of the Carnatic to the E.J. Co.,
many grammars of languages and and allowances were assigned for his
other Indian works edited the Ramayana
: personal expenses and for his family
and Roxburgh's Flora Medica. In 1801 he lived quietly, and died Aug. 3, 1819.
he was appointed to be a Professor of
Sanskrit, Bengali and Mahratti at the CARNATIC, GHULAM MUHAMMAD
new College of Fort William, and in 1805 GHAUS, LAST NAWAB OF
he founded the Bow Bazar Mission Chapel THE (1824-1855)
in Calcutta in 1807 he was made D.D.
: Succeeded as a child to his father
by the Brown University in the United Nawab Azim J ah, Nov. 12, 1825 : in-
States. Notwithstanding official warnings stituted as Nawab in 1842 by Lord
against over-zeal his mission prospered, Elphinstone, Governor of Madras on his :
and many out-stations were established : death without issue, Oct. 7, 1855, Govern-
he died at Serampur, June 9, 1834. ment declared the title, privileges, and
: ::

immunities of the Nawab's family to be at and retired as Captain in 1895 : served
an end. in Challenger scientific expedition
the
Soudan expedition 1884 and while in :
CARNATIC, MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN charge of the Marine Survey of India,

WALAJAH, NAWAB OF THE piloted the war flotilla under fire to
(1717-1795) Mandalay and Bhamo in 1885, for which
Second of Anwar-ud-din Khan,
son he received his D.S.O.
Nawab of the Carnatic present at the :
battle of Ambiir, escaped to Trichinopoly : CARPENTER, MARY (1807-1877)

he was appointed Nawab by
Nasir Ali, Daughter of Dr. Lant Carpenter born :
the Nizam of the Dekkan, in 1749 :

April 3, to philan-
1807: devoted her life
was besieged at Trichinopoly by Chanda thropy opened schools at Bristol, for
:
Sahib and the French, until relieved by girls, for the reformation of juvenile
the English on his behalf Clive took
: criminals also ragged and industrial
:
Arcot, 1 75 1, and he was successfully schools and worked for the passing of
:
supported as Nawab by the English, both the Industrial Schools Act. Her attention
against Chanda Sahib, the candidate had been attracted to India by the presence
assisted by the French, and against the of Raja Rammohan Roy (q.v.) at Bristol
rebellious PoHgars recognized as Nawab
:
in 1833, and by the visits of native gentle-
by the Treaty of Paris of 1763, and men. She visited India in 1866-7, 1868-
acknowledged as independent of the 9, 1869-70, 1875-6, with a view to
Nizam by the Mogul Emperor in 1765 :
improve female education, reformatory
entitled Walajah he contracted large
:
schools, and the management of the jails.
debts to the E. I. Company and the English She was in communication with the
adventurers who crowded his court and authorities in India, and at the India
preyed upon him he assigned districts
:
Office, and with the leading native gentle-
for their payment by Treaties of 1763.
:
men, such as Keshab Chandra Sen (q.v.),
1781, 1785, 1792, arrangements
1787, with whom she founded a " National Indian
were made for their liquidation, by the Association" at Bristol in 1870, to bring
English managing the Carnatic, etc. he :
Indian visitors and EngHsh inquirers
died Oct. 16, 1795 his intrigues with :
into closer relations. Many of her sugges-
Tippoo were discovered after the fall of tions for reforms and improvements were
Seringapatam in i799» whereupon the adopted. She paid visits to Germany and
English assumed the government of the America. Among her publications were
Carnatic, making provision for the family Last Days in England of the Raja Ram-
of the Nawab. mohan Roy, 1866 and Six Months in
:
India, 1868. She died on June 14, 1877.

CARNATIC, UMDAT-UL-UMRA, NA-
WAB OF THE (1748-1801) CARR, RIGHT REV. THOMAS (1788-
Son of Muhammad Ali (q.v.), whom he 1859)
succeeded in Oct. i795- After the fall of Educated at St. John's College, Cam-
Seringapatam in May, i799» treasonable bridge : B.A., 1813 : Senior Optime
correspondence between Tippoo and Um- Bishop of Bombay, 1837-51, when he
dat-ul-umra and his father came to resigned from ill-health appointed Rector :
light the British Government thereupon

: of Bath, 1854 universally esteemed
:
repudiated the existing treaty of 1792 there :a member of the Evangelical

with the Nawab of the Carnatic, and section of the Establishment died at :
resolved to assume the government of the Bath, Sep. 5, 1859.

Carnatic, making a provision for the
family of the Nawab. Umdat-ul-umra CARRINGTON, SIR CODRINGTON ED-
died July 15, 1801, before the proposed MUND (1769-1849)
arrangements could be concluded. Born Oct. son of Codringtoa
22, 1769 :
Carrington educated at Winchester

:
CARPENTER, ALFRED (1847- )

called to the bar by the Middle Temple,
Son of Charles Carpenter, R.N. born : 1792 :Bencher, 1832 practised as an :
Aug. 2, 1847 educated at Brighton

: advocate at the Calcutta bar, 1792-9,
College : entered the Royal Navy, 18 61, being junior Counsel to the E.I. Co. was an :
:: —:
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 7S

intimate of Sir William Jones {q.v.
friend ) devoted himself to literature wrote :
when in England, he made a code of law poems, 1850 and 1856, Cotton in the Bom-
for Ceylon was appointed Chief Justice
: bay Presidency, 1869 Supernatural Re- ;
there and knighted, 1801 retired in : ligion, 1874-6, and 1879 The Gospel :
1806 from ill-health. M.P. for St. Mawes, according to Peter, 1894, etc. etc.
1826-31: was D.C.L. 1810: F.R.S., J.P.
and F.S.A. died Nov. 28, 1849.:
CASTLEREAGH, ROBERT STEWART,
CARTIER, JOHN (1733-1802) VISCOUNT (1769-1822)
Governor arrived in India as a writer
:
Second Marquis of Londonderry (April,
in E. 1821-Aug. 1822), better known as Lord
I. was a factor and
Co.'s service :
assistant at Dacca, whence he was expelled Castlereagh son of the first Marquis
: :
in 1756 joined other fugitives at Fulta

:
born June 18, 1769 M.P. for Tregony,
:
served as a volunteer under Clive in re- 1794-6 for Oxford, 1796-7, and other
:
taking Bengal, and was praised by Court places : his career lay in English and
of Directors Chief of Dacca factory,
:
European politics, and
connexion his only
1761 Second in Council at Calcutta,

:
with India was as President of the Board
of Control (the India Board), Sep. 9, 1802
1767 succeeded H. Verelst as Governor
:
of Bengal, Dec. 26, 1769 Feb. 14, 1806, in the Addington and W.
followed, as :
Governor, by Warren Hastings, April 13, Pitt Administrations while holding this
:
office, he supported the Governor-General,

1772 eulogized by Edmund Burke for
:
his government of Bengal : died in Kent,

Lord Wellesley, whom he admired, against
Jan. 25, 1802. the Court of Directors fought a duel :
with George Canning, Sep. 22, 1809 :
CASEMENT, SIR WILLIAM (1780-1844) Foreign Secretary, 1812-33 died by his :
Maj-General appointed to Bengal, :

own hand, Aug. 12, 1822.
1795 served in India 47 years and 6
:
months in Lord Lake's campaigns, at

:
CAUTLEY, SIR PROBY THOMAS
Alighar, 1803, Deeg, 1804 D.Q.M.G. in :
(1802-1871)
the Nipal war, 1815 Secretary to the :
Government of India in the Military Colonel son of the Rev. Thomas

:
Department for 20 years from June, Cautley born Jan. 3, 1802

: educated :
1818 Colonel, 23rd N.I., 1824

:
K.C.B., : at Charterhouse and Addiscombe entered :
1837 :was Member of the Supreme the Bengal Artillery, 1819 was assistant :
Council from June 17, 1839 died of : to Colonel Robert Smith in reconstructing
cholera at Cossipur, April 16, 1844 his :
the old irrigation channel of the Doab
bust is in the Town Hall, Calcutta. Canal from 1824-30, but was at the siege
of Bhartpur in 1826 held charge of the
CASSELS, ANDREW (1812-1886)
:
above canal, 1831-43 framed the project

:
Of an old Scotch family, resident at of the Ganges Canal, sanctioned by the

Manchester he opened in 1843 in Bom-
: Court of Directors in 184 1, and constructed
bay the firm of Peel, Cassels & Co. : between 1843 and 1854. He left India in
returned to England, 1851 Dhrector of : 1854, Lord Dalhousie ordering a salute to
the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, be fired in his honour and his bust was :
1 861 : Member of the Council of India, placed in the Calcutta Town Hall
1874-84 : Vice-President, 1875, of the K.C.B. : from 1858-68, Member of the
Society of Arts a great authority on : Council of India. He had a controversy
Indian cotton died Aug. 2, 1886. : with Sir Arthur Cotton {q.v.) on the
engineering of the Ganges Canal, in which
CASSELS, WALTER RICHARD further work and improvement were found
(1826- )
to be required. He explored largely in
Son of Robert Cassels : educated the Sivalik range of hills in India, and
privately and abroad spent some years :
acquired many fossils of scientific value,
in Italy, and in 1856 joined the mercantile which he presented to the British Museum :
firm of Peel, Cassels & Co. in Bombay : contributed many papers to the Asiatic
was a Fellow of the Bombay University : Society of Bengal and to the Geological
a Member of the Legislative Council, Society, chiefly on fossils died Jan. 25, :
Bombay, 1863: left India in 1865 and 1871.

:: ,:

CAVAGNARI, SIR PIERRE LOUIS England, 1850 : was Town Major of Fort
NAPOLEON (1841-1879) William, Calcutta, during the mutiny
frustrated the plot of the mutineers to
Lt-Colonel son of General Adolphe
:
Cavagnari : born July 4, 1841, educated seize the Fort recommended the forma-
:
tion of the Volunteer Guards Governor

at Christ's Hospital and Addiscombe was
:
:
of the Straits Settlements, 1859-67 Lt- :

naturalized in 1857 entered the E. I. Co.'s :
General, 1874 K.C.S.I., 1881 died

Army, 1858 in the Oudh campaign in
: :
:
the mutiny joined the Staff Corps,

:
July 7, 1891 wrote Reminiscences
: of an
1 86 1, and the Pan jab Commission as an
Indian Official.
Assistant Commissioner had charge of :
CHALMERS, SIR JOHN M. (1756-1818)
the Kohat district, 1866 to 1877, and, as
Deputy Commissioner of Peshawar, accom- Son of Patrick Chalmers joined the :
panied several frontier expeditions, 1868- Madras Infantry in 1775 made a gallant
78 : C.S.I, in 1877 he was a member of : defence of Coimbatore, June-Nov. 1791,
Sir N. Chamberlain's mission to Shir Ali, with only a small force, against Tippoo's
in'the autumn of 1878, when it was stopped troops obliged to capitulate
: taken :
at Ali Masjid by the Amir's officer. When prisoner to Seringapatam, his release
Yakub Khan had become Amir, on the effected by Cornwallis in Feb. 1792 :
death of Shir Ali, Major Cavagnari nego- commanded the force at Travancore,
tiated the treaty ofGandamak with him, 1803-9, and the N. Division of the Madras
May 1879: K.C.B. He was appointed
26, Army, 1812-7 Maj-General, 1812 K.C.B.
: :
Resident at Kabul and was residing, from 1 8 15. After 42 years' service in Madras,
July, 1879, at the Bala Hissar in Kabul, he died on the voyage home, March 31,
when the Afghan troops rose, attacked his 1818.
residence, and he and his staff were all
killed, Sep. 3, 1879.
CHALMERS, MACKENZIE DALZELL
(1847- )
CAVAYE, WILLIAM FREDERICK Born Feb. 1847 son of Rev. F.

7, :
(1845- )
Chalmers, D.D., educated at King's
Colonel son of General Cavaye
: College, London, and Trinity College,
born 1845 educated at Edinburgh
: Oxford served in the Indian Civil Service,
:
Academy and Sandhurst commanded : 1869-72 held several legal appoint-

:
the 2nd Royal Sussex regt. Military : ments as Judge of County Courts and
Secretary to H.R.H. the Duke of Con- Acting Chief Justice of Gibraltar Legal :
naught, when C. in C. in Bombay has : Member of the Viceroy's Council, 1896,

since held several Staff appointments retired, 1899 Parliamentary Counsel to
:
served in the Zulu war, 1879, and in the the Treasury, 1902-3 Permanent Under :
S. African war, 1900-2. Secretary in the Home Department, 1903 :
contributed Articles to the Dictionary of

CAVE-BROWNE, EDWARD RABAN- Political Economy, and the EncyclopcBdia
(1835- ) Britannica : author of Digest of the Law of
Born May 29, 1835 son 01 Lt-Colonel :
Sale, Digest of the Law of Bills of Ex-
Edward Cave-Browne educated at the :
change : C.S.I. C.B. :
College School, Taunton clerk in the :
East India House, 1854 rose to be : CHALMERS, ROBERT ( ? -1878)

Accountant-General in the India Office Lt-Colonel joined the Indian Army,
:
fromi893: retired in 1900 C.S.I, in 1898. :

1849 in the mutiny his regt., the ist
:
Oudh Irregular Infantry, mutinied he :
CAVENAGH, SIR ORFEUR (1821-1891) narrowly escaped to Allahabad joined :
General son of James Gordon Cave-

: a regt. proceeding to relieve Cawnpur :
nagh educated at Addiscombe

: entered : carried back news of the massacre at
the Army was through the Gwalior
: Cawnpur, 44 miles, to Allahabad, through
campaign lost a leg at Maharajupr, 1843
: : country teeming with a hostile population :
in the Satlaj campaign at Badiwal in : was in Havelock's engagements about

charge of the Mysore Princes and ex- Amirs Cawnpur, in the relief of Lucknow, in its
of Sind had political charge of Sir Jang
: subsequent defence, the fighting at Alam-
Bahadur and the Nipalese embassy to bagh, and the final capture of Lucknow,
:
:
in March, 1858 died, which commanding : Woolwich : at 17 entered the

Bengal Army:
the 14th Bengal Lancers, Aug. 11, 1878. in the first Afghan war was with Nott's
force at the occupation of Kandahar, at
:
CHAMBERLAIN, SIR CRAWFORD Ghazni, Kabul and Istalif constantly :
TROTTER (1821-1902) wounded was in the Governor- General's

:
Third son of Sir Henry O. Chamberlain, bodyguard in the Gwalior campaign,

:
Bart., younger brother of Sir Neville D.A.Q.M.G. at Maharajpur in the

: :
Bowles Chamberlain {q.v.) born May, second Sikh war, at Chilianwala and
1821 entered the Army in 1837, was in
: Gujarat complimented by the C. in C.
:
the Afghan war of 1839-42, at the siege for personal gallantry : Commandant of
and capture of Ghazni, and in various Panjab Military Police Military Secre- :
actions near Kandahar in the Panjab : tary to the Panjab Government Com- :
campaign in 1848-9 : at Chilianwala and mandant of the Panjab Frontier Force :
Gujarat, in the pursuit of the Sikh Army commanded expeditions against several
and its final surrender wounded Brevet- : : the frontier tribes in the mutiny of :
Major commanded the ist Irregular

: 1857 was in charge of the movable column
Cavalry, Skinner's Horse, over whom he of the Panjab until he became Adjutant-
had extraordinary influence in the : General of the Army at Delhi, and Brig-
mutiny in 1857 distinguished himself by General severely wounded there and dis-
:
disarming, with " undaunted courage and abled C.B. and A.D.C. to Queen Victoria
: :
coolness," the 62nd and 69th Bengal N.I., commanded operations against the Wazi-
at Multan engaged against the rebels,
: ris: K.C.B. commanded in the Umbeyla
:
and was besieged in a sarai for some campaign in 1863, until severely wounded
days : Lt- Colonel after the mutiny when personally leading an assault of a
C.S.I, in 1866 General in 1880 G.CI.E.
: : difficult position Maj-General G. C.S.I.,. : :
in 1897 : died Dec. 13, 1902. 1873 : G.C.B., 1875 commanded the :
Madras Army, 1876-81: in 1878

CHAMBERLAIN, REV. JOHN (1777- selected, by Lord Lytton, to lead a special
1821) mission to the Amir Shir Ali the stopping :
Son of John Chamberlain : born July of the mission at Ali Masjid was the imme-
24, 1777 accepted as a probationer for
:
diate ground of the second Afghan war t
missionary work, 1798 preached at :
he was personally in harmony with Lord
Olney studied under Dr. Ryland at the
:
Lawrence's policy Military- frontier :
Academy at Bristol sent to India by the :

Member of Supreme
Council, Nov. 1878-
Baptist Missionary Society in 1802, vid Jan. 1879 retired, 1881 severely
: :
America arrived at
: Serampur, Jan. criticised the policy of part of the Boer
1803: visited Dinajpur, 1804 established :

war, 1 899-1902 Field Marshal in 1900 : :
himself at Katwa, May, 1804 carried on :

died Feb. 17, 1902.
a cloth business, and built a school
visited Berhampur removed to Agra, :
CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE
181 1 sent down to Calcutta by order of
:
FRANCIS FITZGERALD
(1856-
Government appointed, 1812, tutor at
:
)
Sardhana to David Dyce Sombre, great- Born Jan. 1856 son of Lt-Colonel' 13, :
grandson of Begam Sanuru established :

Charles Chamberlain, C.B. educated :
schools and preached frequently also at :

abroad and at Brentwood School, Essex :
Hardwar, for which he was ordered to joined the Army, 1873 Central India :
Calcutta, 1815 went to Serampur, and :

Horse, 1876 on the staff of Sir F. Roberts-
:
up the river to Ghazipur settled at :

through the Afghan war, 1878-80 A.D.C. :
Monghyr, 1816 made missionary tours :

to Sir F. Roberts when C. in C, Madras^
to Benares, Mirzapur, etc. : ordered home 1 881-5 Persian Interpreter, 1885-90
: :
for ill-health, Sep.. 1821 : died at sea, served in the Burma campaign, 1886-7 •
Dec. 6, 1 82 1. re-organized the Kashmir Army, 1890-7 r

commanded the Khyber Force, 1899 :
CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE Private Secretary to Lord Roberts in S.

BOWLES (1820-1902) African war Inspr-General Royal Irish :
second son of Sir Henry

Field Marshal : Constabulary since 1900 C.B. in 1900 : :
Orlando Chamberlain, first Baronet : K.C.B., 1903 retired as Colonel from :
bom 1820 educated for a short time at

: the Indian Staff Corps.
:: ::
7S DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

CHAMBERS, SIR CHARLES HAR- CHAMIER, FRANCIS EDWARD
COURT (1789-1828) ARCHIBALD (1833- )
Born Aug. 31, 1789 : nephew of Sir

Maj -General son of Henry Chamfer
:
of the Madras Civil Service born May 13,

Robert Chambers, (1737-1803), C.J. Ben- :
gal (1789-99): educated at Cambridge, 1833 educated at Cheltenham

:
joined :
the Indian Army Adjutant of the Calcutta

Fellow of Trinity College B.A., 1809 : :
:
M.A., 1814 practised at the bar at the

:
Volunteers, 1857 Persian Interpreter to :
Sir James Outram in first relief, defence,

Mayor's Court, Chester, and elsewhere
in 1823 appointed a Puisne Judge of the
siege and capture of Lucknow com- :
new Supreme Court, Bombay, opened manded the Raja of Kapurthala's troops
in the Oudh campaign, 1858 CLE.
May 8, 1824 knighted by Geo. Ill the
: :
:
Supreme Court, while he was judge, passed

severe strictures on the arbitrary pro-
CHAMIER, HENRY (1795-1867)
ceedings of the executive officers of the I.C.S. educated at Haileybury, 181 1-
:
E. I. Co., including the magistracy and the 12 :went out to Madras, 1813 entered :
the Secretariat, 1827 became Chief

police the Civil Government defied the
:
:
Court's authority and instructed the Com- Secretary, 1837-42 Member of Council, :
pany's officers not to assist the Court's Madras, Jan. 1843 - Jan. 1848 when he :
the Court refused to register a retired died Feb. 4, 1867.

:
officials :
stringent Regulation of the Bombay CHAMIER, JOHN

Government against the liberty of the Press (
on the death of the Chief Justice, Sir E. I.C.S. appointed a writer, 1772
: :
West, on Aug. 13, 1828, Chambers acted Factor, 1778 Junior Merchant, 1780
: :
as C.J., and continued opposing the Gov- absent in England for 7 years Senior :
ernment Lord EUenborough, as President

:
Merchant, 1787 Secretary, 1790, in the
:
of the Board of Control, supported the Military, Political, and Secret Depart-
Executive Chambers, still in opposition,
:
ments, and Judge Advocate General
died Oct. 13, 1828, leaving Sir J. P. " Chief " of Vizagapatam, for 6 years :
Grant {q.v.) alone buried in the Cathedral,

:
Chief Secretary to Madras Government,
Bombay he wrote, in England, on legal
:
1801 :Provisional Member of Council,
subjects. Madras, 1802 confirmed as Member,
:
1803 resigned, 1805

: returned to Eng- :
land.
CHAMBERS, SIR ROBERT (1737-1803)
CHAMIER, STEPHEN (1834- )
Son of Robert Chambers, of Newcastle : Born Aug. 17, 1834: son of Henry
born i737> educated there and at Lincoln Chamier of the Madras Civil Service
College, Oxford (Exhibitioner) Fellow : educated at Cheltenham and Addiscombe :
of University College, 1761 ; M.A., 1761; entered the Madras Artillery, 1853 trans- :
B.C.L., 1765 ; Vinerian Professor of Law, ferred to Royal Artillery, 1861 com- :
1762-77 Principal of New Inn Hall,

: manded mountain battery in Burma
Oxford, in 1766. In 1744 he joined the against the Karens, 1856 served in the :
Calcutta Supreme Court as second Judge, Indian mutiny, 1857-8, and was present
Sir Elijah Impey being Chief knighted : at Cawnpur under Sir Charles Windham,
in 1778 lived for several years in a
: at the siege of Lucknow under Sir Colin
garden-house, at Bhawanipur he became : Campbell, and in the Oudh campaign :
Chief Justice in 1791 retired in 1799 : = Brevet-Major, and C.B. Inspr-General of :
declined a peerage died in Paris, May 9,: Ordnance, Madras, 1881-6 Lt-General, :
1803 :a monument by Nollekens is in the R.A.

Temple Church, where he was buried.
He was a friend of Dr. Johnson from CHAMPION, ALEXANDER ( ? - ? )
1766, and of Sir Philip Francis in Calcutta. Second in command to (Sir Hector)
He was one of the Judges on the trial of Munro, 1764, when opposed to Shuja-ud-
Nuncomar for forgery, when the latter daula: in the battle of Baxar, Oct. 23,
was convicted, and hanged on Aug. 5, 1764: Colonel: succeeded Sir Robert
1775. Chambers left some legal writings, Barker, as C. in C. of the Bengal Army,
and a collection of Sanskrit MSS. June 18, 1774, to Oct. 29, 1774 = com-
:
manded a Brigade in 1774, asked for by the CHANDU LAL, MAHARAJA (1766-
Nawab Wazir of Oudh, against the Rohillas: 1845)
defeated them near Tassunih, April 23, Born 1766 at first a subordinate in :
1774 retired 1774 resided at Bath :

:
the Customs Department at Hyderabad
many years. under his uncle, Rai Nanak Ram in 1806 :
Peshkar, and, after Mir Alam's death,

CHANDA, SAHIB ( ? -1752)
became the real Minister of the Nizam's
Another name of Husain Dost Khan, Government, though Munir-ul-mulk was
son-in-law of Dost Ali Khan, Nawab of Diwan was highly regarded by Henry
:
Arcot, 1732-40, and his Diwan regarded : Russell, the Resident at Hyderabad from
as a great soldier of his time he obtained : 18 1 1-20. Chandu Lai ruled Hyderabad
possession the Hindu kingdom of
of for about 35 years retired Sep. 1843, :
Trichinopoly by cajoling the Rani, 1736- from the Peshkarship, on a monthly

The Mahrattas invaded the Carnatic, pension of Rs. 30,000 died April 15, 1845. :
1740, besieged Chanda in Trichinopoly,

and took him prisoner in 1741 to Satara CHAPMAN, EDWARD FRANCIS
Dupleix in 1748 procured his release for a (1840- )
large ransom. On the death of Anwarud- General :son of Henry

born 1840 :
din, the Nawab of the Carnatic, in 1749, Chapman entered the Bengal Artillery,
:
at the battle of Ambur against Chanda 1858 : served in the Abyssinian war, 1867-
Sahib and Muzaffar Jang (the claimant 8 : accompanied Sir Douglas Forsyth as
to succeed as Nizam), Chanda was pro- Secretary to Yarkand in 1873-4 in the :
claimed as Nawab the British supported

:
Afghan war, of 1878-80, was Chief of the
Muhammad Ali, son of Anwaruddin, as Staff in Sir F. Roberts' march from
their candidate for the Nawabship, while Kabul to Kandahar C.B and Brevet Lt- : :
the French supported Chanda's aspira- Colonel in Burma campaign, 1885-6

: :
tions. Muhammad from Ambur Ali fled Military Secretary to Sir Donald Stewart,
to Trichinopoly, where he was besieged when C. in C. in India Q.M.G. in India : :
by Chanda in the fighting that ensued

:
Director of Military Intelligence, 189 1-6 :
Chanda surrendered to the Raja of Tan- commanded the Scottish District, .1896-
jore, in May, 1752, who barbarously put 1901 Colonel Commanding Royal Artil-
:
him to death and sent his head to Muham- lery F.R.G.S: A.D.C. to
: Queen Victoria,
mad Ali. 1881.
CHANDRA, BHOLANATH (1822- )

CHAPMAN, ROBERT BARCLAY
Born 1822 educated at the Hindu
:
(1829- )
College in 1843 became a clerk in the

:
I.C.S. : born Nov. 21, 1829 : son of
Union Bank, Calcutta afterwards ap- ;
Jonathan Chapman educated at Hailey- :
prenticed to Messrs Haworth, Hardman bury entered the Bengal Civil Service,
:
& Co. appointed, in 1845, their agent

:
1849 and rose to be Secretary to the
:
fortheu: Cossipur Sugar Refinery: servedfor Government of India in the Finance

"
30 years began to publish his " Travels
:
Department, 1869-81, when he retired :
serially in the Englishman's Saturday C.S.I.

Journal in 1866-7: issued together in
2 vols, in 1869, in England, with an intro- CHASTENAY, HENRY (1794-1822)
duction by J. T. Wheeler (q.v.) published, :
arrived in India as a writer in

B.C.S. :
in 1894, a life of Raja Digambar Mitra,
Bengal, Nov. 181 1 served always at the :
C.S.I. an auther of undoubted literary

:
headquarters of the Government Private :
ability and powers of observation.

Secretary to the Marquess of Hastings,
CHANDRAVARKAR, NARAYAN when Governor - General died May 2, :
GANESH (1855- ) 1822 buried at Calcutta.

:
Educated at Elphinstone College, Bom-

bay pleader of the Bombay High Court
:
CHATTERJI, BANKIM CHANDRA
(1838-1894)
and Judge of that Court since 1901 :
succeeded Mr. Justice Ranade as leader Bengali noveUst and prose writer son :
of the Indian Social reform movement. of Jadab Chandra Chatterji, a Deputy

Magistrate born June 27, 1838 educated
: : largely in the Journal Asiatique, on the
at the Midnapur School, Hughli and Chinese inscriptions of Bodh Gaya in the
Presidency Colleges in 1858 he was the : Revue de VHistoire des Religions, and in
first native of India to take the B.A. other periodicals.
degree, Calcutta at once appointed to be
:
a Deputy Magistrate, and became a CHAVASSE, WILLIAM (1785-1814)

prominent member of the Provincial An ofificerof the E.I. Co.'s service, who
service, acting for a time as Assistant tried, with a companion, to explore the
Secretary to the Bengal Government. route of the 10,000 Greeks, as described
His reputation was made in literature, in Xenophon's Anabasis. They were
as the Bengali novelist of his time his :
taken prisoners by a local chief near
novels were numerous, and are said to be Bagdad, but released on payment of
still popular he brought out a Uterary
: ransom. Chavasse died of fever there.
magazine, 1872, and wrote the first Ben-
gali historical novel, under the title of CHEAPE, SIR JOHN (1792-1875)
Diirges Nandini. This was followed by Son John Cheape
of born in 1792 : :
Kapala Kandala, Mrinalini, and Bisha educated at Woolwich and Addiscombe :
Brikka, which was translated into English joined the Bengal Engineers in 1809,
and very favourably criticised by Pro- rose to be Maj-General in 1854: was under
fessor Darmesteter : Debt Chandurani, Lord Hastings in the Pindari war, in the
Ananda Matha, and Krishna Kanter Will : Nerbudda Field Force, 1817 at the siege :
wrote also on Hindu religion, Kirshna, the of Asirghar and in the Burmese war,
Vedas, and Hindu literature made Rai : 1824-6 was Chief Engineer at the siege
:
Bahadur and CLE retired from Govern- : of Multan, 1848, and at Gujarat in the
ment service in 189 1: died April 8, 1894. Panjab campaign C.B. in the second: :
Burmese war of 1852-3, was second

CHATTERTON, THE RIGHT REV. in command under General Godwin at
EYRE (1863- )
first, and later, in 1853, commanded, and
Born July son of A. T. Chat-
22, 1863 : took Pegu the provinces of Pegu and
:
terton :educated at Haileybury and Tenasserim were annexed : K.C.B : A.D.C.

Dublin University ordained 1887 Head
: :
to Queen Victoria : retired, 1857 : Colonel
of the Dublin University Mission to Chota- Commandant of Engineers, 1862 : G.C.B.,
Nagpur, 1 891-1900 Bishop of Nagpur, :
1865 : General, 1866 : died March 30,
Central Provmces, 1903 D.D author of : :
1875.
The Story of Fifty Years' Mission in
Chota-Nagpur F.R.G.S. :
CHELMSFORD, FREDERICK AUGUS-
TUS THESIGER, SECOND BARON
CHAVANNES, EDOUARD (1865- ) (1827-1905)
Born Oct. 5, 1865, at Lyons son of :
Born May 1827 son of first Baron
31, :
Emile Chavannes, engineer educated at :

(Lord Chancellor, 1858-9) educated at :
I'Ecole normale superieure his work as a :

Eton succeeded to title, 1879
: entered :
scholar has dealt principally with Chinese the Army in the Grenadier Guards, 1844 :
subjects, often in relation to India en- :

served in the Crimea Lt. -Colonel in the :
trusted with a scientific mission to China, 95th regt. in the mutiny, in Central India :
1889-93 appointed Professor of the

:
Adjutant-General in the Abyssinian cam-
Chinese Language and Literature at the paign, 1867-8 C.B. and A.D.C. to Queen
:
College de France, 1893 Secretary of the :

Victoria Adjutant-General
: in India :
Societe Asiatique, 1895 Member of the :

commanded the forces in the Kafir war,
Institute, 1903 The following works by
:
1878 succeeded his father, Oct. 1878
: :
him treat of the travels of Chinese Budd- at Isandhwala, Gingilhovo, Ulundi :
hist pilgrims in India I-tsing, Les :

Lieutenant of the Tower, 1884-9 General, •
religieux eminenis, 1894 Voyage de :

1888 G.C.B.
: G.C.V.O died April 9,
: :
Song Yun dans VUdyana et le Gandhara, 1905.

(a translation) in the Bulletin de VEcole
francaise d'Extreme Orient, 1903, etc. :
CHERRY, GEORGE FREDERICK
Documents sur Toii-kine {Turks) occi-
les
(1761-1799)
dentaux, 1903, treats of several questions B.C.S. son of George Cherry born 1761
: : :
relating to India. He has also writteî entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1778 :.
: :
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 8i
accompanied Lord Cornwallis as his CHETTY, GAZULU LAKSHMINARASU

Persian Secretary to Madras, where, in (1806-1868)
1792, peace was made with Tippoo at Son of an indigo merchant joined his :
Seringapatam Cherry's picture of Tippoo:

father in trade and amassed a large
is at the India Office appointed Resident :
fortune at the time of the American war :
at Benares, 1793 there murdered by :

founded the Madras Native Association,
Wazir Ali, the reputed son of the late of which he was President opposed the :
Nawab Asaf-ud-daula of Oudh, on Jan. proselytizing tendencies of the missionaries

14, 1799- and successfully resisted the attempt
made to introduce the Bible as a text-book
CHESNAYE, GEORGE COCHET in Government Schools in 1843
(1837-1904)
was •
forward in the agitation carried on in

Born Sep. 1837 entered the Bengal :
1853-5 regarding the grievances of the
Medical Service, 1859 Deputy Surgeon- :
natives, which led to the Torture Com-
General, 1889 did excellent service at :
mission after incurring much odium as a
:
Mian Mir and Umritsar in the cholera seditious person, in 1861 he was made a
epidemic of 1861 in the Hazara Field :
C.S.I. he next directed his attention to
:
Force, 1868 Black Mountain expedition

: :
the affairs of Mysore and the Tanjore
Lushai expedition, 1871-2 Afghan war, :
widows lost most of his fortune and died
:
1878-80 from Ali Masjid to Gandamak,

:
a poor man, leaving a name for patriotism
1878, to Kabul 1879 in the Kabul- :
and self-sacrifice.
Kandahar march in the battle of Mazra, :
near Kandahar in the expedition against : CHIBU, LAMA ? -1866) (
the Marris Deputy Surgeon - General,

:
Was sprimg from an old and respectable
Lahore, 1889-94 when he retired died : :
Sikhim family of Tibetan origin : dwelt
x\pril 12, 1904. at Tumlong near the Raja Sikhim of :
was early a man of influence and mark,

CHESNEY, SIR GEORGE TOMKYNS learnt Hindustani, a qualification which
(1830-1895)
gave him much political importance.
Son Chesney
of Capt. Charles Cornwallis When Sir Joseph Hooker and Dr. Campbell
of the Bengal Artillery born April 30, :
were imprisoned by the Sikhim Court, he
1830 : educated at Blundell's school, befriended them throughout, and as a re-
Tiverton, and Addiscombe entered the :
ward obtained a very large estate of about
Bengal Engineers, 1848, and became 75,000 acres near Darjeeling, on the
General in 1882 went to India in 1850 : :
annexation of Sikhim territory. In 1864
in the P.W.D. until the mutiny in the :
he accompanied Sir Ashley Eden through
Badli-ka-sarai action, June, 8, 1857 at :
out his mission to Bhutan and, with con-
the capture of the ridge at Delhi Brig- :
siderable personal danger, exerted himself
Major, R.E. at Delhi in the assault on :
to bring the negotiations to a successful
Sep. 14 was President of the Engineering
:
issue died in 1866.
:
College at Calcutta, and head of the P.W.D.

Account Department in i860 President : CHINNERY, GEORGE (1766-1852)
of the Royal Indian Civil Engineering Artist exhibited in the Royal Academy,
:
College at Cooper's Hill, 1871-80, of 1790-1846 painted in Dublin and London

:
which he had prepared the constitution, and went to China, from which country he
etc. Secretary to the Government of
:
visited India he " made spirited sketches
:
India in the Military Department, 1880- of scenes in India" was at Madras, 1802-7 :
6 :Military Member of the Supreme or 8, and afterwards painted many pictures

Council, July, 1886-April, 1891 M.P. for :
at Calcutta was at Canton in 1830 and
:
Oxford, 1892 C.S.I. 1883 CLE. 1886

: : :
died at Macao in 1852 references to his :
C.B. 1887 K.C.B. 1890 died March 31,

: :
works in India occur in Indian literature
1895. He wrote a number of books his name and his skill are remembered
the principal were Indian Polity The :
there to this day,
of Dorking, a military-political
azine article which made a great CHITNAVIS, GUNGADHAR MADHO
(1863-
Pie ation The True Reformer,
:
mma, The Private Secretary, besides

The
Born 1863 Hony. Magistrate : Presi-
)
r articles in Magazines and Reviews. dent of the Nagpur District Council since
G
:: :

1888: and of the Nagpur Municipality since the Oudh campaign, wounded C.B. : : Lt-
1894 represented the Central Provinces
: General 1876 died Oct. 5, 1876.
:
as Member of the Governor-General's

Legislative Council, 1893-5 leader of : CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH
the Prabhu community guest of the :
HENRY SPENCER (1849-1894)
nation, representing the Central Provinces, Son of the sixth Duke of Marlborough :
at H.M. the King's Coronation, 1902 born Feb. 13, 1849 educated at Eton,:
CLE., 1895. and Merton College, Oxford M.P. for :
Woodstock, 1 874-1 885 for South Padding-

;
CHRISTIE, JOHN (1805-1869) ton, 1885 to his death. The greater portion
Entered the Indian Army, 1822, and of his career in politics and the House of
the 3rd Light Cavalry, 1823 at the :
Commons had no connexion with India.
capture of Bhartpur, 1826 was selected :
He made a tour in that country in the
by the C.in C.,Sir Henry Fane, to raise, for cold weather of 1884-5, in which he
Shah Shuja's force, the ist Irregular studied its administration, and gained
Cavalry, later known as Christie's Horse, experience which was valuable to him
which he commanded to the end of the when he was Secretary of State for India
first Afghan war, 1839-42 was at the :
from June 24, 1885, to Feb. 5, 1886. In
occupation of Kandahar and pursuit of that post he made a reputation for his
the Sirdars to the Helmund under Sir administrative capacity, his industry,
Robert Sale at Ghazni, and Kabul in
:
knowledge of details, and despatch of
1839 accompanied Outram in pursuit of
:
business. He sanctioned the Burmese
the Amir Dost Muhammad across the war of 1885-6 and the annexation of Upper
Hindu Kush in the Kandahar Division :
Biurma, and concluded the Russo-Afghan
under Sir W. Nott in 1842 at the occupa- :
Frontier negotiations. He also sanctioned
tion of Ghazni and Kabul, the taking of Mr. Colman Macaulay's visit to Pekin,
Istalif, and the final march through the with a view to a subsequent mission
Khyber to India: was at the battle of to Lhasa, which was afterwards stopped.
Punniar, 1843 in the Satlaj campaign :
He was on a sea voyage round the world
of 1845-6, at Mudki, Firozshahr and for his health, when he had to leave Madras
Sobraon Brevet-Major throughout the
: :
and return to England, and died there,
Panjab campaign, including Chilianwala Jan. 24, 1894.
and Gujarat, and the pursuit of the
Sikhs and Afghans, always in command CLAPPERTON, ANDREW BALFOUR
of his regiment Brevet-Lt-Colonel : (1794-1847)
returned from England to India on the Captain Master-attendant at Cal-
:
outbreak of the mutiny, commanded the cutta: went to sea in 1808 in the E. I. Co.'s
Dinapur Brigade, and kept Patna per- mercantile service served in the expedi-
:
fectly quiet afterwards in command

:
tions against the Isle of France and J ava :
at Barrackpur and Berhampur : com- commanded merchant-ships to and from
manded the 3rd Bengal Cavalry Maj- :
Calcutta for years "no man in the
;
General, 1861 joined the Bengal Staff :

country's service ever bore a higher
Corps, 1866: C.B., 1867: and A.D.C. to character." He safely rounded Cape
Queen Victoria received many medals and :
Horn, with a lascar crew, in 1822-3 -
the Order of the Durani for his services in having served as second and first Assistant,
Afghanistan died at San Remo, May 7,
:
he became Master-attendant, 1840-2, and
1869 : bvuried there. was confirmed in 1847, but died, Sep. 20.
He was at various times Judge Advocate
CHRISTIE, S. T. ( ? -1876) of the Marine Committee of Enquiry
Lt-General entered the Army, 1836 : : regarded as a tried and valuable officer
served with the 80th regt. in the Burmese of the Company, and much esteemed in
war, 1852-3 commanded the storming
: society.
party at Martaban at the operations at :
Rangoon at the capture of Prome

: in :
CLARE, JOHN FITZGIBBON, SECOND
the Indian mutiny commanded a mov- EARL OF (1792-1851)
able column : at Fatehpur : at the siege Governor : born June 10, 1792 son of
:
of Lucknow : commanded a Field Force in the first Earl, Lord Chancellor of Ireland :
:
succeeded his father in 1902 educated : CLARKE, CHARLES BARRON

at Christ Church, Oxford Governor of : (1832- )
Bombay, March 21, 1831, till March 17, Born June 183217,son of Tvurner :
1835 : Privy Councillor, 1830 : G.C.H., Poulter Clarke educated at King's

:
1835 : K.P., 1845 : died Aug. 18, 1851. College, London, Trinity and Queen's
Colleges, Cambridge third wrangler, :
1856 Mathematical Lecturer at Queen's

:
CLARKE, SIR ALURED (1745 ?-1832)

College, 1857-65 joined the Education :
Field-Marshal: born about 1745 entered :

Department in Bengal Inspector of :
the Army, 1759 served in Germany,

' Schools, 1866-87: retired 1887: F.R.S.
Ireland, America was Lieutenant-Gover-
:
an ardent Botanist has written numerous :
nor of Jamaica, 1782-90 on the way :

papers on Botany, also on Anthropology,
to India, in 1795, he co-operated with Lord Geography, and Music and Speculations :
Keith in the capture of Cape Town from from Political Economy, 1886.
the Dutch E. I. Co. in India was in C.
: C CLARKE, SIR CHARLES MANSFIELD,
in Madras, Jan., 1796 till March, 1797 :
BARONET (1839- )
Member of the Supreme Council and
General son of Sir Charles Clarke,
:
provisional C. in C. Bengal from April,i797,
second Batt. born Dec. 13, 1839
: :
and confirmed in the Chief Command in
entered the Army in 1856 served in New :
India in May, 1798, retaining it tiU July,
Zealand, South Africa, War Office, Ireland
1 80 1. He was in command of the force
and at Aldershot commanded the Colonial
:
with Sir John Shore when the latter, as
Forces at the Cape, 1880-2 C. in C. in :
Governor-General, went to Lucknow to
Madras, 1893-8 Q.M.G., 1899-1903: :
depose Wazir Ali and set up Saadat Ali as
Governor of Malta since 1903 G.C.B. in :
Nawab of Oudh in Jan. 1798. He acted as
1901.
Governor-General from the resignation of
Sir John Shore in March, 1798, till the CLARKE. LONGUEVILLE ( ? -1860 ? )
arrival of Lord Mornington in May, 1798. For many

years a prominent barrister
He was K.B. in 1797 General in 1802 : :
of the Supreme Court, Calcutta where, :
G.C.B., 1815 Field-Marshal in 1830, and

:
it is stated, he founded the Ice House,
died Sep. 16, 1832. the Bar Library, and the Metcalfe Hall.
CLARKE, TREDWAY (1764-1858)

CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
General entered the E. I. Co.'s military
:
Son of Col. Andrew Clarke born 1824 : : service in 1780 on arriving in Madras
:
educated at King's School, Canterbury, was engaged in the war against Hyder
and Woolwich entered
: the Royal Ali : wounded at the storming of Chil-
Engineers, 1844 was A.D.C. to Sir W.
: lumbram in command of the Artillery at
:
Denison, Governor of Tasmania, 1849-53 • Fort St. George from 1783 under General :
in the Maori war, New Zealand on the : Medows and Lord Cornwallis in the fight-
Staff of Sir George Grey Surveyor- : ing with Tippoo in 1790-2, including
General of Victoria Minister for Public : Bangalore, Seringapatam, Pondicherry
Lands in the Legislative Assembly at and the hill-forts from 1798, Head :
Melbourne nine years Director of Works

: Commissary of Ordnance at Fort St.
for the Navy Governor and C. in C. of the
: George returned to England in 1811
: :
Straits Settlements, 1873-5 P.W.D. : offered the command of the Artillery at

Member of the Supreme Council of the Madras in 1820 prevented by ill-health
:
Governor-General, 1875-80 Comman- : from accepting it died in 1858. :
dant of the School of Military Engineer-

ing at Chatham, 1880-2 Inspr-General :
CLARK-KENNEDY, JOHN (1817-
of Fortifications, 1882-6 retired in 1886 :
1867)
asLt-General K.C.M.G., 1873 G.C.M.G.,
: : Son of Lt-General Sir A. K. Clark-
1885 Col. Commandant R.E. unsuccess-
: : Kennedy born in 1817
: entered the :
fully contested Chatham in 1886 and Army in 1833 served in China

: at the :
1893 :Agent-General to the Colony of sieges of and the battle of

Multan in 1848,
Victoria for many years died March 29, : Gujarat at the pursuit and surrender of
:
1902 :also C.B. and CLE. the Sikhs, and defeat of the Afghans :
—
: :

with Colin Campbell (Lord Clyde) at the the Allahabad University retired, 1898 • :
occupation of Peshawar, March 21, 1849 : published various medical papers Hony. :
served in the Crimea Maj -General died : : Surgeon to H.M. the King C.S.I. :
at Cairo on Dec. 18, 1867.

CLERK, SIR GEORGE RUSSELL (1800-
CLAVERING, SIR JOHN (1722-1777) 1889)
Son of Sir James Clavering : born in I.C.S. son of John Clerk

: educated :
1722 entered the Guards, was Brig-

: at Haileybury: entered the Service as
General in the attack on Guadaloupe in " writer " in 1817 after holding some :
1759 Horace Walpole wrote " Clavering

' unimportant appointments in Bengal, he
was the real hero of Guadaloupe. He entered the Political Department was in :
has come home covered with more laurels the Secretariat, in Rajputana, at Delhi,
than a boar's head " he was sent to ; Political Agent at Umbala and Ludiana
Hesse-Cassel in 1760 became Lt-General : Envoy Lahore, 1842
at Agent to the :
in 1770 in 1774 went to India C. in C. in

: : Governor-General on the North-Western
India and one of the four Members of the Frontier during the first Afghan war,
Supreme Council under the Regulating Act in which capacity he pushed forward rein-
of 1773 lived at Calcutta in Mission Row
: : forcements with energy, and, after the
and Monson opposed Warren
he, Francis, massacre of the Army, urged a policy of
Hastings and Barwell in the Supreme retribution. He was Lieutenant-Governor
Council. He was made K.B. on Nov. of the N.W.P., June to Dec. 1843 :
9, 1776 he fought, in April, i775> a duel

: Provisional Member of the Supreme
with Barwell he supported Nuncomar
: Council, 1844: twice Governor of Bombay,
in Warren Hastings.
his charges against from 1847 to 1848 K.C.B. and from : :
When Warren Hastings' resignation 1860-2. He refused the government of

was tendered by his agent in England the Cape, but served there on boundary
— but repudiated in India by Hastings and political work, 1853-4 was Under :
Clavering claimed to be Governor-General, Secretary and Secretary to the Board of

but his claim was rejected by the Supreme Control in 1856-8, and permanent Under
Court. Clavering died Aug. 30, i777- Secretary of State for India, 1858-60.
He was a Member of the Council of India,
CLEGHORN, HUGH FRANCIS 1863-76 K.C.S.I., 1861
: G.C.S.I., 1866 : :
CLARKE (1820-1895) died July 25, 1889.

Born 1820 his father was Adminis-
:
in the Supreme Court,

CLERK, SIR GODFREY (1835- )
trator-General
Madras educated at Edinburgh and St.
:
General : son of George Russell
Sir
Andrew's went to Madras in the medical
:
Clerk {q.v.), the Governor of Bombay :
service, 1842 Professor of Botany in the

:
born Oct. entered the Army,
25, 1835 :
Madras University, 1852 entrusted by :

1851 served with the Rifle Brigade in
:
the Governor of Madras, Lord Harris, to the Indian mutiny and N.W. Frontier
form a Government Forest Department campaign Adjutant-General of the Mad-
:
became Inspr-General of Forests and ras Army, 1880-5 Assistant Military '•
established an excellent system of con- Secretary at Headquarters,'i886-7 D.A.G. :
servancy and management retired, :

to the Forces, 1887-92*: commanding Bel-
1869 :for many years he selected the fast District, 1892-3 Lieutenant of the :
candidates for the Indian Forest Service :

Tower London, 1897-1900
of Groom in :
died May 16, 1895 LL.D. F.R.S.E. : :

Waiting to Queen Victoria, and to H.M
the King C.B. K.C.V.O. in 1902.
: :
CLEGHORN, JAMES (1841- )
Son of John Cleghorn born 1841 : :

CLEVELAND, AUGUSTUS (1755-1784)
educated at Edinburgh University and Of the Bengal Civil Service said to :
Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh : have been a cousin of Lord Teignmouth

M.D. St. Andrew's entered Indian : {q.v.) :was Collector and Judge of the
Medical Service, 1865 served in the : Diwani Adalat (Civil Court) of the dis-
Bhutan campaign, 1864-5 and rose to : tricts of Bhagalpur, Monghyr and Raj-
be Director-General of the I. M.S. and mahal proceeding in the Atlas Indiaman,
:
Sanitary Commissioner, 1895 Fellow of : to the Cape for his health, he died at sea^.
i
:
::;
Jan. 12 or 13, 1784 his remains were

: Sahib and the French at Caveripak, 1752 :
brought back to Calcutta, and interred in destroyed the town of Dupleix Fatehabad :
the South Park Street Cemetery. Warren defeated French Army near Trichinopoly :
Hastings had a monument erected to him took Covelong and Chingleput in Eng- :
with a lengthy inscription another : land, 1753-6 returned to India as Lt-

:
monument was put up by his native subor- Colonel on his way out through Bombay
:
dinates and others at Bhagalpur. The captured, on Feb. 13, 1756, Gheria, the
inscription on the latter runs " Who, : stronghold of the pirate Angria became :
without bloodshed or terrors of authority, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort St. David,

employing only the means of conciliation, June 20, 1756 after the Black Hole
:
confidence and benevolence, attempted tragedy, Clive was sent up to Bengal in

and accomplished the entire subjection of Oct.-Dec. 1756 took Calcutta and Hughli
:
the lawless and savage inhabitants of the from the Nawab Suraj-ud-daula: again
jungle-territory of Rajmahal, who had defeated him and took Chandernagore
long infested the neighbouring lands by through Omichund, whom he deceived by
their predatory incursions, inspired them the fraud of two copies, one of them being
with a taste for the arts of civilized life, fictitious, of the treaty, made a treaty
and attached them to the British Govern- with Mir J afar to desert the Nawab:
ment by a conquest over their minds, the fought the battle of Plassey, June 23, i757
most permanent as the most rational routed the Nawab, who fled and was
mode of dominion." He has been called killed installed Mir J afar as Nawab, and
:
" the dulce decus of the early Civil Ser- received large siuns from him made :
vice." This was the voyage of the Atlas Governor of Bengal asserted himself :
in which Mrs. Warren Hastings returned against his colleagues in the Government
to England. defeated the Dutch near Chinsiura sent :
Colonel Forde to the N. districts of Mad-

CLINTON, CHARLES HENRY ROLLE ras to England again, 1760-5
: made :
TREFUSIS, TWENTIETH BARON Baron Clive of Plassey in 1762 K.C.B. in :
(1834-1904) 1764 M.P. for Shrewsbury

: described :
as a " heaven-born General " quarrelled :
Son 19th Baron

of the born 1834 : :
with Sullivan, Chairman of the E. I. Co.'s

educated at Eton, and Christ Church,
Directors, and defeated him reappointed :
Oxford M.P. 1857-66, when he suc-

•
Governor of Bengal and C. in C. to reform

ceeded to the peerage Under Secretary :
the abuses prevailing there in his absence :
of State for India, 1867-8 Charity :
held office May 3, 1765, till Jan. 1767 :
Commissioner died March 29, 1904.

:
obtained from the Emperor of Delhi, Shah

Alam, the " diwani," i.e. authority to
OLIVE, ROBERT, BARON (1725-1774) administer the Civil Government and
Governor of Bengal son of Richard : collect the revenue, of Bengal, Bihar and
Clive born Sep. 29, 1725
: educated at : Orissa, Aug. 12, 1765 restored Oudh to :
Lostock, Market Drayton. Merchant Tay- Shuja-ud-daula reformed the adminis-

:
lors' and Hemel Hempstead his youth : tration, checking malpractices and giving
marked by energy, courage, and adven- adequate salaries measures of retrench- :
ture : reached Madras as a " writer " in ment provoked mutiny, which he promptly
the E. I. Co.'s Civil Service in 1744 in : repressed finally retired in 1767, poorer
:
the capitulation of Madras, 1746 escaped : than in 1765 a £70,000 legacy from Mir
:
"
to Fort St. David obtained military
: Jafar he devoted to " the Clive Fund
employ in 1848 at Boscawen's siege of
: for military men attacked in England :
Pondicherry fought at Devikota, 1749,

: by numerous enemies, his administration
on behalf of the Tanjore ruler at the : subjected to Parliamentary inquiry
flight at Valkonda seized Arcot on
: partly condemned,but it was finally decided
Aug. 31, 1 75 1, to divert Chanda Sahib that Clive had rendered great and meritori-
from besieging Muhammad Ali at Trichino- ous services to his country worn out by :
poly : was himself besieged with his small ill-health and persecution, he took his own
party in the fort of Arcot for 50 days by life, Nov. 22, 1774. His character much
Chanda Sahib's superior force, which he discussed : his bravery, ability, master-
beat off successfully one of the most
: fulness, power of leading and governing
L brilliant feats in history : defeated Raja are generally admitted but his deceit of :
:

Omichund cannot be justified, and his returned to England in i860 was one of :
acceptance of large presents from Mir the first Knight Commanders of the Star
J afar can only be excused by special of India in 1861 was made Field-Marshal
:
considerations of contemporary custom, in 1862 died on Aug. 14, 1863, and was
:
and their openness. buried in Westminster Abbey. His mili-

tary career was one of the greatest of the
CLOSE, SIR BARRY, BARONET (1766- century his victories in India and his
:
1813) modest and exemplary character made

him a hero to the public.
Appointed to the Madras Army in
1771 :besieged at Tellicherry in 1780 by COBB, JAMES (1756-1818)
Hyder All's troops conducted boundary :
negotiations with Tippoo's Commissioners :

Appointed a clerk in the Secretary's
office at the India House, March 28, 1771 :
was present at the sieges of Seringapatam
in 1792 and 1799, as Deputy, and Assist- became Assistant Secretary, June 2, 1802 :
ant Adjutant-General his services warm- :

Secretary, Jan. 7, 1814 between 1779 :
ly acknowledged by the C. in C, General

and 1809, he wrote a large number of
Harris appointed Resident of Mysore in
:
pieces of various kinds for the stage :
died 1818.
1799, and Resident of Poona in 1801,
remaining there for ten years. He, there, COCKBURN, THOMAS (1763- ? )
as Resident, negotiated the Treaty of
Bassein of Dec. 31, 180:?, with the Peshwa, Appointed a writer at Fort St. George,
Baji Rao retired to England in 181 1
: :
1779 : Member of the Board of Revenue
created a Baronet died April 20, 1813.
:
in 1793 in 1798 :Lord Mornington
strongly recommended him to the second
CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON Lord Clive, then Governor of Madras :
(1792-1863) in 1 801 he was induced by the Court of
Directors not to retire was employed in
:
Field-Marshal, son of Colin Macliver, a
settling the affairs of the Nawab of Arcot,
carpenter took his mother's name of
:
and gave evidence before the House of
Campbell born Oct. 20, 1792
: entered :
Commons Committee on the affairs of

the Army in 1808 served in Portugal :
the E. I. Co., in 1812. In 1813 he pub-

under Sir Arthur Wellesley and Sir
lished a brochure in the form of an
John Moore was in the expedition to
:
imaginary speech to be delivered by an

Walcheren, 1809 served in the Penin-
:
M.P. on Legislative Interference in the

sular from 1810 to 1813, distinguishing
Conversion of the Indian Population to
himself by his gallantry Captain, 1813 : :
Christianity.
was in Nova Scotia, at Gibraltar, in the
W. Indies Major, 1825
: Lt-Colonel, :
COCKBURN, SIR WILLIAM, BARO-
1832 :in the China war of 1842 C.B. : :
NET (1768-1835)
to India in 1846 Brigadier at Lahore
: :
Son of Colonel James Cockburn born :
was engaged in the second Sikh war, at

in a camp in 1768 entered the Army
:
Ramnagar, Chilianwala and Gujarat

when only 10 years old in the American
:
commanded the Peshawar Division war, and a captain at 15 in India 1790- :
K.C.B. in 1849 commanded the Highland

:
1802 in the first Mysore war, and at
:
Brigade in the Crimea at Alma, Bala-

Seringapatam in 1792, where he acted as
clava G.C.B. in 1855
: Lt-General, :
Engineer Lt-General, 1821: died March :
1856 :D.C.L. of Oxford went out at a :

19. 1835.
day's notice in July, 1857, to be C. in C. in.
India during the mutiny, hurried up rein- COCKERELL, HORACE ABEL
forcements to Cawnpur, and thence, in (1833- )
Nov. 1857, relieved Lucknow, carrying I.C.S. born Sep. 19, 1833
: educated :
off the garrison, defeated the rebels at at Eton and Haileybury, 185 1-2 went :
Cawnpur, and, in March, 1858, besieged out to Lower Bengal, 1853 officiating :
and took Lucknow on the 19th subse- : Chairman of the Calcutta Corporation and
quently he reduced the rebels of Northern Commissioner of Police, 1869 and 1872 :
India to submission General, and made : Commissioner of several Divisions Secre- :
Lord Clyde of Clydesdale, in 1858 and : tary to the Bengal Government, Judicial
received a pension from the E.I. Co. : and Political Departments, 1877-82 :
: :::
Member of the Board of Revenue, 1S82- of Delhi, and several subsequent actions :
87 acting Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,

: Brig-Major at Cawnpur and Barrackpur :
Aug. II to Sep. 17, 1885 C.S.I. retired : : Assistant A.G. at Lucknow and Cal-
1887. cutta and of the Presidency Division,
:
1861-1870 exchanged to 19th Hussars,

:
COCKS, ARTHUR HERBERT (1819- which he commanded in Egyptian cam-

1881) paign, 1882 C.B. :
son of the Hon. Philip James

I.C.S.
Cocks born April 18, 18 19
:
:
educated at :
COGHLAN, SIR WILLIAM M. (1803-
1885)
Haileybury went to India in 1837 : :
served in Sind under Sir C. Napier in :

General son of Captain J. Coghlan,
:
the Pan jab campaign was Political Officer C.B., R.N. joined the Artillery in India,
:
to Lord Gough at Ramnagar, Chilianwala, 1820 : in the Kolapur Field Force, 1826-7 :
Gujarat after the annexation in 1849
:
Brig- Major of Artillery in Sind and
served in the Panjab in the mutiny was :
Afghanistan in 1838-40 at Ghazni :
Judge of Mainpuri served in the volun- :

Kabul, Kandahar, capture of Kelat
teers at Agra, and in the Alighar district Political Resident and Commandant at
C.B., 1S60 retired, 1863 died Aug. 29,
: :
Aden, 1854-63 he carried out, 1856-7,
:
the occupation of Perim (previously taken

possession of in 1799) as suggested by
CODRINGTON, OLIVER (1837- Lord Elphinstone {q.v.) commanded :
against Arabs, 1858 stormed the fort :
Born May 5, 1837 son of Rev. : T. S. of Shekh Othmar K.C.B., 1864 died : :
Codrington, Vicar of Wroughton, Wilts :

Nov. 25, 1885.
educated at the Royal Free Grammar
School, Marlborough, and the London COKE, SIR JOHN (1806-1897)
Hospital M.D. F.S.A. in the Army
: : :
Maj -General son of the Rev. F. Coke
:
:
Medical Department, June, 1859-1885 :

born 1806 entered [E.I. Co.'s Service,
:
served in the N. Zealand war, 1864-6 :

served in the loth Bengal N.I.
1823 :
retired with honorary rank of Deputy

raised the ist Panjab Infantry at Pesha-
Surgeon-General formerly Secretary of :
war, 1849 commanded it till 1858 in
: :
the Bombay Asiatic Society, now Hony.

the Indian mutiny was in 14 engagements,
Librarian of the Royal Asiatic and including the siege of Delhi Sheriff of :
Royal Numismatic Societies has written :

Herefordshire, 1879 died Dec. 18, 1897 :
:
a Manual of Musulman Numismatics and

K.C.B.
various papers on Oriental Numismatic
and Archaeological subjects. COLE, SIR CHRISTOPHER (1770-1836)
Captain, R.N. son of Humphrey
COFFIN, SIR ISAAC CAMPBELL Cole: born June 10, 1770: entered the
:
(1800-1872)
Navy, 1780 went to India, 1789^ under
:
Son of Capt. Coffin, R.N. : born 1800: Commodore William Cornwallis, and
reached India in the E. I. Co.'s Army in again in 1804 in the Culloden under Sir
1819 joined at Madras in 1821
: served : Edward Pellew C. in C. in the E. Indies :
:
in the first Burma war, 1824, and at sta- took Sir John Malcolm on his mission to
tions held by the Madras Army com- : Persia, via Bushire, 1808 relieved the :
manded, from 1855, the Hyderabad garrison of Amboyna, 1810: captured

subsidiary force and a Division of the : Neira, the principal of the Banda islands :
Madras Army in 1859-64 K.C.S.I., : thanked by the Governor-General of

1866 Lt-General, 1869 died Oct i, 1872.
: : India served on the Malabar coast, 18 11,
:
and against Java D.C.L. of Oxford :
COGHILL, KENDAL (1832- ) knighted, 1812 K.C.B., 1815 M.P. for

: :
son of Admiral Sir J Coghill,

Colonel : . Glamorganshire, 1817-30 died Aug. 24, :
Bart. born Oct. 21, 1832

: educated at : 1836.
Cheltenham joined the Indian Army, :
1851 served
: in Burma, 1853-5 :
COLEBROOKE, HENRY THOMAS
Adjutant of his regt. (2nd European (1765-1837)
Bengal Fusiliers) during the mutiny, 1857- Son of Sir George Colebrooke, Bart.,
8 : present at Badli-ka-sarai and siege Chairman of the E.I. Co.'s Directors in
:

1769 : born June 15, 1765 privately
: mies also he gave, in 1818, his valuable
:
educated: went to India in 1782-3. In collection of Sanskrit MSS. to the E. I.

his early years, as Assistant Collector in Co.'s Library.
Tirhut and Purnea, he took keenly to
sport his first literary work was on the
:
COLEBROOKE, SIR THOMAS ED-
Agriculture and Commerce of Bengal, in WARD, BARONET (1813-1890)
which he opposed the monopoly policy of
the E. I. Co. At first he disliked Oriental
Son of Henry Thomas Colebrooke (^.v.) :
literature, but feeling compelled, in the

bom in Calcutta in 1813 succeeded as :
Baronet in 1838 was nearly 40 years :

exercise of his duties, to learn law through
the Sanskrit language, he published a
M.P. for Taunton and Lanarkshire was :
not a scholar, but was in sympathy with

translation of a Digest of Hindu Law, 1791,
Oriental scholars and with research was
in which his appointment in 1795 to :
President of the Royal Asiatic Society,

Mirzapur, near Benares, facilitated his
1864-6, 1875-7, 1881 published the Life :
Sanskrit studies also wrote in the
:
Asiatic Researches, his first paper, in 1794, of Mountstuart Elphinstone, Essays by

being " On the Duties of a Faithful Hindu
H. T. Colebrooke, The Creeds of India, a
Widow " also, on the " Origin of Caste " pamphlet edited and published a third
:
: :
was sent on a mission to the Raja of volume of Elphinstone's India died :
Berar at Nagpur in 1799-1801, without Jan. II, 1890.

success appointed in 1801 to be a Judge
:
COLEMAN, JAMES GEORGE (1824-
of the Sadr Diwani Adalat, and foiu: years
1883)
later became the Head of that Court
was also, unsalaried. Professor of Hindu Born 1824 was originally in the Marine
:
Law and Sanskrit at the College of Fort Service became partner with Mr. Mac-
:
William, Calcutta was a Member of the

:
dowell, and later sole proprietor in a firm
Supreme Council from 1807 to 18 12, re- at Madras, which by great industry and
taining his seat in the Sadr Court :after application he made a flomishing and
his 5 years in Council, Colebrooke returned profitable business did much for the :
to the Court, and next became a Member social and public welfare of the conunun-
of the Board of Revenue, till the close of ity joined the Volunteer movement at
:
its commencement became its Lt-Colonel

1814 : was President of the Asiatic ;
Society of Bengal from 1807 to 18 14, when and commanded the Duke's Own Artillery
he left India. He made a voyage to the Corps was an active member of the
:
Cape on business in 1821-2 after his

:
Municipal Corporation and a member of :
return thence, he became Director of the the Madras Legislative Council from 1879 :
Royal Asiatic Society, which he helped to contributed largely to charitable institu-

found in 1823 became totally blind, and
:
tions died at Royapuram, Madras. Dec.
;
died March 10, 1837. His literary and 14, 1883 one of the foremost of the
:
scientific labours were immense. A great Eurasian Community of Madras.

mathematician, a zealous astronomer and
profound Sanskrit scholar, his writings
COLGAN, MOST REV. DR. JOSEPH,
D.D. (1824- )
always commanded the highest attention :
he has been described as facile princeps Born

in Ireland, April i, 1824 edu- :
among Sanskrit scholars. He wrote also cated at Navan and Maynooth College :
on the Vedas, on Sanskrit grammar, and arrived in India, 1844 held various :
a lexicon, on the Sect of Jains, on Indian appointments in Madras until he became

Jurisprudence and Roman law, besides Vicar Apostolic, titular Bishop of Aurelio-
other papers on Hindu Law, philosophy polis and Archbishop in 1886 Personal
: :
and customs, Indian algebra, on astrono- Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, 1894 :
my, the height of the Himalayas, botany, a FeUow of the Madras University pul)- :
geology, comparative philology, etc., lished works on Roman Catholicism.

in contributions to the Transactions of the
—
learned Societies the Astronomical, Lin- COLLEN, SIR EDWIN HENRY
—
naean. Geological and Asiatic to which HAYTER (1843- )
he belonged, as well as to the Royal Born June 1843 son of Henry

17, :
Societies of London and Edinburgh he : Collen Maj-General educated at Royal

: :
was a Member of several foreign Acade- Military Academy, Woolwich entered :

:

the Royal Artillery, 1863 served in the : he was appointed High Commissioner for
Abyssinian war, 1868 Secy, to the Indian : South Eastern Africa, and Governor and
Army Commission, 1879 Afghan war, : C. in C, Natal in the fighting with the
:
1880 Soudan, 1885

: Secretary to the : Boers which ensued, Colley was defeated
Government of India, Military Depart- at Laing's Nek, and was killed in the
ment, 1887-96 Military Member of : Boers' attack on Majuba Hill, Feb, 26,
Governor-General's Supreme Council, 1896 1881. Colley had studied deeply the
-1901 CLE., 1889 C.B., 1897 K.C.I.E.,
: : : questions of the Indian frontier and Cen-
1893 G.C.I.E., 1901.
: tral Asia,and exercised much influence on
the military and political policy of Lord
COLLETT, SIR HENRY (1836-1901) Lytton's administration.
Lt-General born 1836 son of the

: :
COLLINS, SIR ARTHUR JOHN
Rev. W. Collett educated at Tonbridge :
HAMMOND (1834- )
entered the Bengal Army in 1855 saw :
much service was in the Sitana campaign

:
Son of John Collins : born 1834 :
under Sydney Cotton, 1858 in the Oudh :

called to the bar from Gray's Inn, i860 :
campaign in 1858-9 in the Khasia and :

Q.C. and Bencher, 1877 also a barrister :
Jaintia rebellion, 1862-3 severely '•

of the Middle Temple Recorder of Poole, :
v/ounded at Oomkrong in the Abyssinian :

1873-9, and of Exeter, 1879-85 Chief :
campaign, 1868 in the Afghan war, :

Justice of the High Court, Madras, 1885-
1878-80 at Peiwar Kotal, in the Khost
:
99 : knighted, 1885 Vice-Chancellor of :
valley, the Kabul-Kandahar march and the Madras University, 1889-99.

the battle of Kandahar C.B. com- : :
manded a Brigade in the Bmrma expedi- COLLINS, JOHN ( ? -1807)

tion, 1886-8 commanded the E. Frontier
: Colonel joined the E. I. Co.'s Bengal
:
district with the Chin-Lushai expedition- Infantry, 1770 Major in 1794

: appointed :
ary force, 1889-90 commanded the : Resident at the Court of Daulat Rao
Manipur Field Force, 1891 K.C.B. was : : Sindia {q.v.), 1 795-1 803, but, though he[had
a botanist with considerable knowledge, much power over him, failed to dissuade
and wrote on the flora of Simla died : him from fighting against the English :
Dec. 21, 1901. Collins, therefore, in 1803 left Sindia, who

was defeated at Assaye and Argaum in
COLLEY, SIR GEORGE POMEROY that year. Collins was also sent on a
(18 35-1881 mission to Jaipur in 1799. After the
Maj-General : son of 'the Hon. George Mahratta war, Collins was Resident at
Francis CoUey.who was originally Pomeroy: Lucknow, at the Court of the Nawab
born Nov. 1835 educated at the R.M.C. :
Wazir, and died there June 11, 1807. He
Sandhurst (highly distinguished), joined was called " King Collins," and is de-
the 2nd Queen's in 1852 served at the :
scribed as " cold, imperious, and over-
Cape, and held a Border Magistracy there, bearing," so that Metcalfe {q.v.) declined
1857-8 served in China, was at the action
:
to remain under him.
of the Taku forts and the advance on
Pekin Brevet - Major, 1863
: entered :
COLQUHOUN, ARCHIBALD ROSS
the Staff College and passed with distinc- (1848- )
tion: appointed Professor there, and wrote Son of Archibald Colquhoun,

Dr.
articles on the Army in the Encyclopcedia H.E.I.C.S.: educated at Edinburgh Univer-
Britannica in the Ashanti campaign,
: sity and abroad entered the Indian
:
1873 :went to Natal on a special mission, Public Works Department, 1871 ex- :
to the Transvaal, and Swaziland was : plored from Canton to Bhamo for best
?*Iilitary Secretary to Lord Lytton when railway route between Burma and China,
Viceroy and Governor-General of India, 1 88 1-2 :Deputy Commissioner Upper
I S 76-8 Private Secretary, 1878-80, but
: Burma, 1885-9 Administrator in Mas-
'•
during 1879 was Chief on the Staff to honaland, 1890 retired, 1894: travelled :
Sir Garnet Wolseley in Zululand and the extensively in Siberia, Mongolia and
Transvaal, until recalled late in that year China, etc., 1900-3 author of Across
:
to India. He was C.B., 1873 C.M.G., : Chryse, 1883 Amongst the Shans, 1885
; ;
1878 : K.C.S.I., 1879. Early in 1880 The Key of the Pacific, 1895 Russia against ;
:: ::

India, 1900, etc. etc. F.R.G.S. Times : : Woolwich :joined the Royal Engineers,
Correspondent on several occasions 1888 : served in the Chitral Relief
has written a number of geographical and expedition, 1895, and in the Malakand
political papers. Field Force, 1897, where he won the V.C,
in South Africa in 1901-2 Intelligence :
COLVILE, SIR JAMES WILLIAM Department, India vStaff Captain for

:
(1810-18S0) Mobilisation, 1903.

Son of Andrew Wedderburn Colvile
born 1810 educated at Eton, and Trinity
: COLVIN, JOHN RUSSELL (1807-1857)
College, Cambridge called to the bar :
Lieutenant-Governor I.C.S. son of
: :
from the Inner Temple in 1835 was :

James Colvin, Calcutta merchant born :
appointed in 1845 to be Advocate-General, in Calcutta, May 29, 1807 educated at :
Bengal made a Puisne Judge of the

:
St. Andrews and at Haileybury went :
vSupreme Court, Calcutta, 1848 knighted : :

to Bengal in 1826, to Hyderabad in 1827 :
Chief Justice, 1855-9, when he retired :

was Assistant and Deputy Secretary in
was President of the Council of Education, the Judicial and Revenue Departments of
and of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Government of India, 1831-5
1848-59 also Vice-President of the
:
Secretary to the Board of Revenue, 1835 :
Governor-General's Legislative Council Private Secretary to the Governor-
after his retirement, he was Privy Coun- General, Lord Auckland, 1836-42 and ;
cillor, first Assessor, and, later. Mem-

and is said to have exercised considerable
ber of the Judicial Committee F.R.S. : :
influence over the latter's Afghan policy.
died Dec. 6, 1880. He was Resident in Nipal, 1845, Commis-
sioner of Tenasserim, 1846 Judge of the
COLVILLE, SIR CHARLES
:
(1769 1843)
Sadr Court at Calcutta Lieutenant- :
Entered the Army, 1781, in 28th regt. :

Governor of the N.W.P. from Nov. 7,
Lt-Colonel in 13th foot in 1796 served in :
1853. It was said that Colvin " over-
the Irish rebellion, 1798 in Egypt, :
governed " :he worked with extraordi-
1 80 1-2 commanded his regiment to
: nary industry, and greatly increased the
Bermuda, 1808 Brigadier in the Penin- :
business of the Government his action :
sula, 1810-14 commanded a Division : in the mutiny has been the subject of
at Waterloo C. in C. at Bombay, Oct. : controversy he issued, in May, a pro-
:
9, 1819 to 1826 Colonel of 5th Fusiliers, : clamation which was not entirely approved:
1835 General, 1837
: G.C.B. G.C.H. : : :
the violence of the outbreak fell upon him
died March 27, 1843. without warning, and the forces at his
disposal were inadequate to meet it. He
COLVIN, SIR AUCKLAND (1838- )
was " worn out by the unceasing anxieties
I.C.S. son of John Russell Colvin {g.v)
: : and labours of his charge" so ran Lord —
born 1838 educated at Eton and Hailey-: Canning's notification of his death he :
bury, 1855-7 served, chiefly in the : fell ill, became worse, and died in canton-
N.W.P., 1858-79 officiating Secretary : ments on Sep. 9, 1857 and was buried :
to N.W.P. Government, 1873, 1875 = in the fort at Agra. Sir Auckland Colvin,
Comptroller-General, Egypt, 1880-2 : in his life of his father, J. R. Colvin, in
/ K.C.M.G., 1881 Financial Adviser to : the " Rulers of Ifidia " series, has ex-
the Khedive, 1882-3 Financial Member : hausted the subject.
of the Supreme Council, 1883-7 Lieuten- :
ant Governor of the N.W.P. and Oudh,

COLVIN-SMITH, SIR COLVIN
(1829-
1887-92 retired, 1892 : K.C.S.L, 1892 : :
)
CLE. Chairman of the Burma Railways

:
Born Aug. son of Rev. Robert
4, 1829 :
Co. :and of the Egyptian Delta Light Smith, D.D. of Old Macker, Aberdeen :
Railways Co. wrote [ohn Russell Colvin, :

educated at Grammar School and King's
in the " Rulers of India " series, 1895. College and University, Aberdeen M.D. :
of Aberdeen and L.R.C.S. Edinburgh

:
COLVIN, JAMES MORRIS COLQU- entered the Madras Army, 185 1 served :
HOUN (1870- ) in second Burma war, 1852-3, and in the

Major son of J. C. Colvin, B.C.S
: : Indian mutiny, 1857-9 Principal :
born Aug. 26, 1870 educated at Charter- : medical with Indian Contingent
officer
house joined the Royal Military Academy,
: in Egyptian campaign, 1882 C.B., 1882 ; :
i
:: :
present at and Zagazig

Tel-el- Kebir Taylors' School and St. John's College,
retired in 1884 Honorary Surgeon to the
: Oxford called to the bar at Lincoln's
:
late Queen and to H.M. the present King : Inn in 1814 appointed a Puisne Judge
:
K.C.B. in 1903. of the Calcutta Supreme Court in 1825 :
knighted Chief Justice of Madras from

:
COMBERMERE, STAPLETON COTTON, July I, 1835, until March 11, 1842 D.C.L. :
FIRST VISCOUNT (1773-1865) Oxford Bencher of the Middle Temple

: :
Field-Marshal Cotton, : son of Sir R. S. died May 23, 1853. He wrote on legal
fifth Baronet M.P. born Nov. 1773
: : :
and historical subjects.
educated at Westminster, and at a private
Military Academy in Baysvvater entered
CONNEMARA, ROBERT BOURKE,
FIRST BARON (1827-1902)
:
the Army in 1790, in the 23rd Fusiliers ;
served in Flanders was Lt-Colonel of : Governor born June 11, 1827: son of
:
a Cavalry regt. at the Cape on his way fifthEarl of Mayo, brother of sixth Earl
to India, where he was engaged in 1799 of Mayo (q-v.), Viceroy and Governor-
against Tippoo, being at MalvaUli and General educated at Enniskillen and
:
Seringapatam returned to England,

: Trinity College, Dublin called to the :
1800 :was M.P. for Newark, 1806-14 : bar at the Inner Temple, 1852 M.P. for :
as Ma -General he commanded, first a

j King's Lynn, 1868, 1874 Under Secre- :
Brigade in the Peninsula, from 1808, and tary for Foreign Affairs, 1874-80 and :
later the whole cavalry Division suc- : again 1885-6 P.C, 1880 Governor of
: :
ceeded as Baronet in 1809 was at : Madras, Dec. 8, 1886-Dec i, 1890:

Talavera and Salamanca K.C.B. in : G.C.I.E. made a Peer, May 12, 1887 :
:
1812 and at other engagements, including

: died Sep. 3, 1902.
the Pyrenees campaign and Toulouse
was made Baron Combermere in May, CONOLLY, ARTHUR (1807-1842 ?)
1 814, and received a pension. He com- Son born July

of Valentine Conolly :
manded the allied cavalry in France in 2, 1807 educated at Rugby and Addis-
:
1 8 15-6 was Governor of Barbados

: combe went to India in the same ship
:
1817-20, and Commander-in-Chief in as Bishop Heber joined the Bengal :
Ireland, 1822-5 as C. in C. in India,

: Cavalry, 1823 at Bhartpur, 1826 : :
1 825-1 830, he Ijesieged and took Bhartpur from leave in England he returned to
on Jan. 18, 1826, and was made Viscount India through Central Asia, via St. Peters-
in 1827 Constable of the Tower, 1852
: : burg, Tiflis, Teheran, Astrabad: nearly
Field-Marshal, 1855 he was G.C.B. in : killed by the Tmrcomans on his way to
1815 G.C.H. in 1817 D.C.L. in 1830
: : : Khiva from Astrabad to Mashad, Herat,
:
Privy Councillor, 1843 K.C.S.I., 1861 : : Kandahar, Sind wrote an account of his :
died Feb. 21, 1865. journey was in the Political Department

:
in Rajputana, 1834-8 Captain made : :
COMPTON, SIR HERBERT ABINGDON another journey via Vienna, Constanti-

DRAPER (1770-1846) nople, Bagdad, Teheran and Herat joined :
Son of Walter Abingdon Compton Macnaghten's Staff at Kabul, 1840

entered the E.I. Co.'s Army as a private in Sep. he was sent as Envoy to Khiva,
soldier went to India
: bought himself : via Merv, and to Khokand, and, on the
out of the Army articled himself in an : invitation of the Amir NasiruUa of Bok-
office in Madras returned home, and : hara, sent through Stoddart, went on
wrote for newspapers in London called : there, but was treacherously imprisoned,
to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1808 : in Oct. or Dec. 1841 he and Stoddart :
joined the
bar, Madras
and became were executed in captivity, probably on
Advocate-General there, and at Calcutta : June 17, 1842. His few letters described
was knighted and made Chief Justice of their sufferings in their dungeon his :
the Bombay Supreme Court, April 11, 1831: prayer-book, writing, wasfull of his
retired in 1839, and died Jan. 14, 1846. delivered to his sister in London in 1862.
COMYN, SIR ROBERT BUCKLEY CONOLLY, EDWARD BARRY (1808-

(1792-1853) J840)
Son of the Rev. Thomas Comyn born : Brother of Arthur Conoll5'^(^.i^.) was :
Oct. 26, 1792 : educated at Merchant Captain in the Bengal Cavalry and Com-
::

mandant of Sir W. Macnaghten's escort General Yeatman-Briggs present at Dargai :
at Kabul, when he was killed, fighting in and Samana C.B., 1898 Hony. A.D.C
: :
the Kohistan under Sir R. Sale, on Sep. to H.M. the King married in 1878 the :
29, 1840: he had written papers for the daughter of Keshab Chandra Sen {q.v.).
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. The Maharaja has visited England
several times he is a keen sportsman
:
CONOLLY, HENRY VALENTINE and has excelled in polo, tennis, and other
(1806-1855) games. The Maharani Sunity Devi has
I.C.S.: brother of Arthur ConoUy been a Member of the Imperial Order of
(q.v.) : educated at Rugby, went to Madras, the Crown of India since 1887.
1824 served in Bellary, and for many
:
years as District Officer of the Malabar COOKE, EDWARD (1772-1799)

district he was murdered in his own Colonel Cooke became a
:
Son o^ :
house by Moplah fanatics on Sep. 11,

Captain in the Royal Navy appointed to :
1855 he had been nominated to be

:
the Syhille in 1795, served in her at the
provisional Member of Council, Madras.
Cape, and in the East Indies off the :
Sandheads, in the Bay of Bengal, the

CONRAN, HENRY (1738-1810) Syhille fought between 9 p.m. on Feb.
Major served in the American war,
: 28, 1799, and 2.30 a.m. on March i, the
1755-6 under Wolfe, at Quebec, in 1759
:
=
French ship Forte, a much larger and better
returned to England and retired as Major armed frigate, and captured her in the
about 1780 went to India by way of Aleppo
:
Balasore roads, 150 of the Forte's men
and the desert with a packet from the being killed and wounded. Cooke re-
Court of Directors to the Bengal Govern- ceived very severe wounds, of which he
ment appointed to the Staff of Warren
:
died at Calcutta, May 23, i799- The
Hastings, on whose retirement, in 1785, E.I. Co. erected a monument to him in the
Conran remained in Calcutta and died South Park Street Cemetery, Calcutta.
there. May 15, 1810.
COOKE, THEODORE (1836- )
CONWAY. THOMAS HENRY SOMER-
Born 1836 son of Rev. John Cooke,
SET ( ? -1837)
:
Rector of Ardinan, Co. Tipperary

Brig-General entered the E. I. Co.'s educated at Dublin University, highly
military service in 1793 reached Madras, =
distinguished went to India as Engineer
:
1795 in the expedition to Ceylon, 1796 Bombay-Baroda i860

:
:
of the line,
in that to Manilla, 1797 in several :
erected the Bassein bridge, 1865 Princi- :
campaigns in Mysore, 1799 : in the :

pal of Civil Engineering College at Poona,
Ceded Districts, 1 801-2 Mahratta war, acted as Director of Public Instruc-
:
1865 :
1803-6 under Sir T. Hislop, 1815

:
in :
tion in Bombay Director of Botanical
:
the Pindari war, 1 817-8 Adjutant- :

Survey of Western India, and Director of
General of the Madras Army, from 1809 :
Agriculture Fellow of the Bombay
:
C.B., 1819 employed on a military mission

:
University retired in 1893, and was
:
to Bengal, 1828-30 appointed to com- :

Sub-Director of the Imperial Institute
mand the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force :
author of Manual of Heat, Manual of
died of cholera. May 14, 1837.
Geology, Flora of Bombay Presidency :
CLE. in 1891.
COOCH BEHAR, MAHARAJA SIR
NRIPENDRA BHUP BAHADUR COOPER, MANACKJI BEJONJI (1845-
OF (1862- ) 1904)
Born Oct. 4,1862 : succeeded his father Born Sep. 15, 1845 educated at Sir :
in the State being under official

1863, Jamsetji Jijibhai's Institution and the
management diuring his minority edu- : Elphinstone College, Bombay head- :
taced at the Wards' Institute, Benares, master of the Fort High School, Bombay,
and at Bankipur, Patna Maharaja : for nearly 20 years the pioneer of higher
:
Bahadur, 1880 installed in 1883 as a : education by private non-missionary enter-

Ruling Chief G.C.I.E., 1887 Hony.: : prise in Western India. Sir W. W.
Lt-Colonel of the 6th Bengal Cavalry : Hunter, the
President Education of
through the Tirah campaign on the Staff of Commission of 1882, stated that had there
: :

been others like Cooper in the chief Lally, he took Wandiwash, Nov. 30,
centres of India, the Commission would 1759, and the fort of Carangooly, relieved
never have been appointed, because his Trichinopoly, defeated the French at
work had solved the problem of the Com- Wandiwash, Jan. 22, 1760, and took
mission the first Parsi schoolmaster to
: Arcot. He besieged Lally in Pondicherry,
visit England, 1875, to study the educa- while a naval force attacked it by sea. On
tional systems of the West and apply them its surrender in Jan., 1761, the French
to his work in India. He was a house- power in India completely collapsed
hold word among Bombay students Coote returned to England in 1762, and
was popularly known as Manackji Master : was received with honour became a:
his High School officially bore the highest Colonel on April 4, 1765, and M.P. for
reputation he edited Pope's Homer's
: Leicester. In 1769 he was reappointed
Iliad :died Aug. 4, 1904. to command the troops in Madras, but
resigned and returned to England in
COOPER, THOMAS THORNVILLE Oct. 1770, where he was made K.B.
(1839-1878)
Aug. 31, 1771 Maj-General Sep. 29,
:
Traveller: son of John J. Cooper: 1775 Lt-General on Aug. 29, 1777 and
: :
born Sep. 13, 1839 educated at Bishop-

:
Commander-in-Chief in India, on April 17,
wearmouth. When he was on a voyage 1777. He succeeded General Clavering
to Australia for his health, the crew as Member of the Supreme Council at
mutinied he went to India, 1859: joined
:
Calcutta on March 24, 1779. When
the firm of Arbuthnot & Co. at Madras :
Hyder Ali of Mysore declared war, invaded
travelled to Rangoon and on to Shanghai the Carnatic in 1780 and defeated Colonel
fought against the Taiping rebels in :
Baillie at Perambakam, Warren Hastings
1868, he tried to travel from Hankow, despatched Coote to Madras, which he
through Tibet, to India, was stopped at reached on Nov. 5, 1780. Early in 1781
Batang and near Weisi and imprisoned, Coote took the field against Hyder, raised
and, vid the Yangtsze, reached Hankow the siege of Wandiwash, marched on
in Nov. 1868: in 1869, trying to reach China Cuddalore, attacked Chelambakam and
from Sadiya in Assam was stopped at Prun. won a decided victory at Porto Novo, July
The India Office employed him with the I, 1 78 1, besides defeating Hyder at
Panthay mission to London he was then :
Perambakam, Aug. 27, effecting the
made Political Agent at Bhamo returned :
relief of Vellore and the capture of Chittore.
home for his health attached to the India
:
His last encounter with Hyder was the
Office reappointed in 1876 to Bhamo,
:
indecisive skirmish at Arnee, June 2, 1782.
and was murdered there by one of his own Coote's failing health compelled him to
guards, April 24, 1878. He wrote Travels resign the command in Madras and take
of a Pioneer of Commerce in Pigtail and a change to Calcutta. Only partially
Petticoats, 1871 and Mishmee Hilh, 1873.
:
recovered, he rettu:ned to Madras early
in 1783, but on the voyage was chased by
COOTE, SIR EYRE (1726-1783)'
the French. The anxiety and exposure
Born 1726: fourth son of the Rev.
in produced a relapse, which proved fatal on
Dr. Chidley Coote entered the Army : April 28, 1783, two days after his arrival
in 1745 went to India in 1754 with the
: at Madras. His body was taken to
39th regt. and became Captain on June England and interred at Rockburne, in
18, 1755. Part of this regiment was Hampshire. A monument in Westmin-
included in the force dispatched from sterAbbey was erected to him by the East
Madras to Bengal in 1756 against the India Company. His military capacity
Nawab Surajuddaula, after his capture has been highly praised, as also his patience,,
of Calcutta. Coote was present at its temper, activity and energy, valour and
recapture, at the taking of Chander- coolness. His enforcement of discipline
nagore, and at the victory of Plassey, on was tempered by kindness, which endeared
I
June 23, 1757 Clive, it is said, acted
: him to his soldiers.
on his advice among others to give im-
mediate battle. In Jan. 1759, he was COPLESTON, RIGHT REV. REGIN'ALD
gazettedLt-Colonel of the 84th regt., STEPHEN (1845- )
and to command the troops in Madras. Son of Rev. R. E. Copleston educated, :
In the war with the French, under at Merton College, Oxford married a.
:
:
::

•daughter of the late Archbishop Trench : CORNISH, WILLIAM ROBERT (1828-
Fellow and Tutor of St. John's College, 1897)
Oxford was appointed Bishop of Colombo
:
Educated at St. George's Hospital
in 1875 translated to Calcutta and became
:
entered the Madras Army as Assistant
Metropolitan of India in 1902. Author Surgeon, 1854 Secretary to the Director-
: 1
of Buddhism Primitive and Present. :
General, Medical Department, 1860-70
Sanitary Commissioner to Madras Govern-
CORBETT, SIR STUART ( ? -1865) ment, 1870-80 did good service during
:
Commanded the 25th N.I. in the Pan- the famine of 1877 CLE. Surgeon- : :
jab campaign of 1848-9, at Sadulapur, General in 1880 retired, 1885 Member

: :
Chilianwala and Gujarat C.B. in the : : of the Legislative Council, Madras, 1883 :
mutiny was Brig-General commanding Fellow of the Madras University, 1867 :
at Mianmir co-operated boldly and: wrote on medical subjects died Oct. :
•successfully with the civil authorities in 19, 1897 F.R.C.S.

:
totally disarming the native troops there

•on parade, May 13, 1857, seizing the Fort CORNWALLIS, CHARLES, FIRST
at Lahore, and sending English troops MARQUIS (1738-1805)
!to secure Umritsar K.C.B. died at : :
Governor-General son of Charles, :
Naini Tal, Aug. i, 1865.

first Earl born Dec. 31, 1738
: educated :
CORDERY, JOHN GRAHAM (1833- at Eton entered the Guards, 1756

:
1900) studied at the Military Academy, Turin :
served in Germany, 1758-62 at Minden : :
I.C.S. educated at Rugby and Balliol

:
M.P. for Eye became Earl in June,
:
•College, Oxford went out to the Panjab :
1762 Lord of the Bedchamber

: Con- :
in 1856 while at Peshawar, he translated

:
stable of the Tower, 1770 Maj-General, :
the Iliad into English verse served in :
1775 served in the American war, 1776

: :
Berar was D.P.I, in the Panjab in 1872

: :
second in command in 1778 to Sir H.

Commissioner of Peshawar Resident at :
Clinton forced to capitulate at Yorktown

:
Hyderabad, 1883 C.S.I. retired, 1888 : : :
on Oct. 19, 1781, no blame attaching to

•translated the Odyssey died April 8, 1900. :
him in 1782, and 1785, he refused to go

:
CORNISH, HUBERT (1757-1823) to India, but, against his will, accepted

the Governor-Generalship in 1786 held :
Son of James Cornish of Teignmouth :

the appointment from Sep., 1786, being
born 1757 was Private Secretary (1793-8)
:
also C. in C. and K.G. : he reformed :
to his brother-in-law. Sir John Shore both the civil and military services in :
(Lord Teignmouth), during the whole Dec. 1790, he took the command in Madras
term of his Governor-Generalship (a against Tippoo captured Bangalore,
:
younger brother, George Cornish, being March 21, 1791 defeated Tippoo near
:
at the same time A.D.C.) they both re- :

Seringapatam took Nandidrug, Oct. 19
: :
turned to England with Sir J. Shore in Savandrug, Dec. 21 besieged Seringapa- :
1798 :Hubert settled at Exeter a :

tam, Feb. 1792, when Tippoo submitted,
lawyer by profession and an accomplished and signed peace, ceding territory and
artist and musician died 1823. :
paying a large indemnity Cornwallis :
created a Marquis, Aug., 1792- He

CORNISH, HUBERT (1776-1832) then announced the permanent settlement
Son of James Cornish, M.D. : born of the land revenue to be paid by the
1776 a nephew of Sir John Shore (q.v.)
: : zamindars in Bengal, 1793, acting against
went to India in the Civil Service, 1797 : the advice of Sir J ohn Shore he reformed :
was stationed at Benares in 1797. when the Law Courts he sailed for Madras to
:
Cherry {q.v.) the A.G.G., and other officers attack Pondicherry, but it had surrendered
and Europeans were murdered treacher- before his arrival he left Madras, home- :
ously by the orders of Wazir Ali [q.v.) he : wards, on Oct. 10, 1793- From England,
jumped upon a horse which Sir J. Shore he was sent to military service on the
had given him, and was one of the few continent was Master-General of the
:
civilians who escaped became a Judge : Ordnance from i795 when military =
in Bengal retired about 1830 to his estate

: questions caused anxiety in Bengal, Corn-
near Totnes died Aug. 25, 1832. : wallis was re-appointed Governor-General
on Feb. i, 1797 did not proceed to

: COSBY, SIR HENRY AUGUSTUS
India : his services were required as MONTAGU (1743-1822)
Viceroy and C. in C, Ireland, to crush the Son of Captain Alexander Cosby : born
rebellion of 1798 defeated the French
:
in 1743 was a volunteer at the capture
:
there under General Humbert supported :

of Gheria, the fort of the pirate Angria,
the Act of Union, but resigned the Vice- in 1756 was in Coote's attack on Pondi-
:
royalty in 1 801, when the King declined cherry, 1 760-1 at the captures of Vellore
:
to agree to Catholic Emancipation de- :

and Madura, at Rajamundry,
at the Chen-
puted to negotiate the Peace of Amiens, gama Pass, Errore, Arlier, and Vellore
1802. In 1805 he was re-appointed again :Adjutant-General at the siege :
Governor-General and C. in C. in India, of Tanjore in 1773 served against the :
and assumed charge on J uly 30 sent :

Chitore Poligars, 1777 commanded, in :
out to inaugurate a pacific regime instead 1778, the Nawab of Arcot's cavalry, and
of the expansive policy of Lord Wellesley. led it against Hyder Ali with success :
But it was too severe a tax on his age and made prisoner at the Cape on his way to
health. On his way up-country, in pursuit England, 1782, but soon released knight- :
of his pacific policy, he died at Ghazipur, ed in 1782 Brig-General in India, 1784-6

: :
Oct. 5, 1805. Statues were erected in his held commands at Trichinopoly and
honour at Calcutta and Madras. Tinnivelly to England, 1786
: Lt- :
General died Jan. 17, 1822.

:
CORNWALLIS, SIR WILLIAM (1744-

1819)
COTES, SARA JEANETTE ( ? - )
Born in Canada daughter of Charles

of Charles, first Earl Cornwallis
:
Son :
engaged con- Duncan, merchant married Everard

entered the Navy, i755
:
=
Cotes, Press Correspondent with Govern-

stantly during his service, in N. America,
the Mediterranean, W. Indies, etc., until,
ment of India, Simla was on the staff of :
Washington Post, Toronto Globe, and

in 1789, he went out to India as naval C. in
Montreal Star. Author of A Social
€. : in 1 79 1, when there was war against
Departure (Letters from Japan), An
Tippoo, he insisted on searching French
ships for contraband of war, and, when
American Girl in London, The Simple
Adventures of a Mem-Sahib, The Story of
war against France broke out, he seized
French ships, Chandernagore and Pondi-
Sonny Sahib, On the other Side of the
Latch, Those Delightful Americans, His
cherry: returned to England, i794» and
! saw fiurther service in the Channel and Honour and a Lady, etc., etc.
I
the W. Indies G.C.B. died July 5. 1819-
: :
COTTON, SIR ARTHUR THOMAS
(1803-1899)
CORRIE, THE RIGHT REV. DANIEL IrrigationEngineer son of Henry :
(1777-1837) Calverley Cotton born May 15, 1803 : :
educated at Addiscombe entered the :
Bishop : son of John Corrie : born Madras Engineers, arriving there 1821 :
April, 1777 educated privately, at Clare

: in the first Burmese war, 1825-6 led :
Hall, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge (Ex- storming parties from 1828 employed :
hibitioner) ordained, 1802

: went to Cal- : upon irrigation works in Southern India,
"Cutta as a Bengal chaplain, 1806 appointed : in the Cavery, Coleroon, Godavery and
to various chaplaincies up-country, and did Krishna rivers, making anicuts (dams)
mission work also was Senior Chaplain : on the Coleroon (1835-6), for the irriga-
in Calcutta, 1817 Archdeacon in 1823
: : tion of the Tanjore, Trichinopoly, and
thrice, as Commissary, carried on the South Arcot Districts the anient on the :
administration of the diocese on the Godavery, below *Rajamimdry, for the

deaths of Bishops was the first Bishop: irrigation of the Godavery district, 1847-
•of Madras from 1835 to his death on Feb. 52 : he projected the anient on the
5, 1837 :was LL.D. Bishop Corrie's ; Krishna, which other officers carried out.
Grammar School in Madras, and his These works have been found invaluable
•statue in the Cathedral there
perpetuate in improving the condition of the people
his memory. He was a friend of Charles and the food supply, and averting famine,
Simeon and Henry Martyn at Cambridge. besides being very successful financially :
s "

other smaller works have followed them. assisting missionary work and other
Chief Engineer, 1852 Commandant of : Christian developments. His capacity
Engineers, 1856 he was knighted in
: as an administrator, organizer and educator
1861, made K.C.S.I. in 1866 retired in : was acknowledged. He made the long
1862, and continued to advocate irrigation tours required by the size of his metropo-
and canals as preferable to railway com- litan charge and the paucity of Bishops.
munication. He had a controversy with Returning from one of them, he was
Sir Proby Cautley {q.v.) about the latter' drowned at Kushtia on the Gorai River in
Ganges Canal. He was admittedly the Bengal, on Oct. 6, 1866, while re-embark-
greatest Indian authority of his age on the ing on a steamer. He lost his footing on
subject of irrigation he founded, it has
: a badly constructed platform, fell into the
been said, a School of Indian Hydraulic river and disappeared. His loss was
Engineering in the officers trained under regarded as a public calamity, which the
him :General in 1877 died July 24, : Government officially announced.
1899 wrote a book on Public Works in
:
India. COTTON, SIR HENRY JOHN STED-

MAN (1845- )
COTTON, SIR GEORGE (1842-1905)

I.C.S. son of J. J. Cotton, Madras
:
Born in Ireland, 1842 educated in : Civil Service born Sep. 13, 1845
: edu- :
England went to Bombay in 1863, as

: cated at Magdalen College School, Brighton
Manager of East Indian Cotton Agency. College, and King's College, London :
In partnership with Mr. James Greaves entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1867 :
commenced the firm of Greaves, Cotton held numerous appointments until he be-
& Co., Bombay, and James Greaves & came Secretary to the Bengal Government,
Co., Manchester Fellow of the Bombay
: Revenue Department, 1888; Secretary in
University, Chairman of the Municipal the Financial Department, 1889 Chief ;
Corporation, and Sheriff of Bombay in Secretary, 189 1-6; acting Home Secretary
1897 knighted in 1897
: died Feb. 5, : to the Government of India, 1896 Chief :
1905. Commissioner of Assam, 1 896-1902, when

he retired: K.C.S.I., 1902 has since sought
:
COTTON, RIGHT REV. DR. GEORGE to influence the public mind by his letters
EDWARD LYNCH (1813-1866) to the Times in opposition to Lord Curzon's
policy in Tibet author of Neiv India, or
:
Bishop of Calcutta and Metropolitan of

India in Transition, besides official publi-
India and Ceylon son of Captain T.
:
cations.
Cotton born Oct. 29, 18 13, his father
:
dying about the same time educated at :

COTTON, JAMES SUTHERLAND
Westminster, and Trinity College, Cam- (1847- )
bridge took his degree in 1836 as a Senior
:
Son of J. J. Cotton, Madras Civil Ser-

Optime in mathematics, and eighth in the
vice born July 17, 1847 educated at :
appointed in 1837 by
:
Classical Tripos :
Dr. Arnold to a mastership at Rugby :

Magdalen College School, Brighton College,
Winchester, and Trinity College, Oxford
became Fellow of Trinity left Rugby in :
(Scholar) First Class in Moderations and

1852 to become Head Master of Marl-
Final Classical School was Editor of the
:
borough College, where he effected numer-
ous improvements consecrated Bishop
:
Academy is now employed as editor in
:
England of the forthcoming revised

of Calcutta on May 13, 1858 reached :
edition of the Imperial Gazetteer of India :

Calcutta that year. He acquired universal
author of India (Citizen Series), Mount-
confidence and respect besides influence
stuart Elphinstone (" Rulers of India
with the Government, so that he was able
Series), Decennial Report on the Moral and
to do much for the Church of England and
Material Progress of India, 1885 Quin-
for Anglo-Indian education. He succeed- :
qennial Report on Education in India, 1898.

ed in establishing schools at the chief hill-
stations for the education of Anglo-Indian
COTTON, JOHN (1783-1860)
and Eurasian children, whose parents
could not afford to send them to England. I.C.S. : went to Madras : many years
He maintained his position and principles Collector Tanjore ofafter retirement:
as Bishop of the Church of England, while from India he was Director of the E.I~
Co., 1833-53 : Chairman of the Court, 9 K.C.B., 1838
: at Ghazni left Kabul : :
1843 : died i860. in 1839 for another command G.C.B., :
1840 Lt-General, 1841 C. in C. at

COTTON, JOSEPH (1745-1825)
:
Bombay, April, 1847, to Dec. 1850

:
Son Nathaniel Cotton

of Dr. born :
General, 1854 Colonel of the 98th foot :
:
March entered the Royal Navy

7, 1745 :
and later of the 32nd foot died May 4, :
in 1760, which he left for the E.I. Co.'s i860.

marine service commanded an East :
Indiaman in two voyages made his for- :

COUCH, SIR RICHARD (1817- )
tune and retired was Deputy Master of :
Son Richard Couch

of born July 11, :
the Trinity House for 20 years, and
1817 educated privately
: called to the :
Director of the E. I. Co. from 1795 to 1823,
bar from the Middle Temple, 1841
and of the E.I. Docks Company died :
:
Recorder of Bedford, 1858-62 Puisne :

Jan. 26, 1825.
Judge of the High Court, Bombay, 1862- 6:
COTTON, SIR SYDNEY (1792-1874) Chief Justice, 1866-70: Chief Justice
of Bengal, at Calcutta, 1870-5 presided :
Son of Henry Calverley Cotton, and
at the trial of the Gaekwar of Baroda,
brother of Sir Arthur T. Cotton {q.v.) born :
arrived in India in a regi-

1875 Member of the Judicial Committee
:
Dec. 2, 1792 :
of the Privy Council, 1881-1901 Privy :

ment of Dragoons, 1810 served in the :
Councillor, 1875,
Madras, Bombay, and Bengal Presiden-
cies for many years in the Pindari war, :
1817-8 in Burma, 1828 in Sind, under

: :
COUGHLAN, CORNELIUS (1828- )
Sir C. Napier, 1842-3 in the Carnatic : Son of Edward Coughlan : born June,
and Mysore on the Staff in Madras and
: 1828 educated at Eyrecourt, Co. Gal-
:
Bangalore commanded in various sta-

: way served as Private, Corporal, Ser-
:
tions and was A.D.C. to Lord Combermere geant, Colour-Sergeant and Serg-Major
and Military Secretary commanded on : in the 75th regt. for 21 years and as Serg- :
the N.W. frontier in 1853, in the Kohat Major in the Connaught Rangers for 21
Pass, against the Afridis and, later, the years was present at the siege of Delhi
:
Mohmands was, in the mutiny, Brig-

: (when he won his V.C. for several acts of
General at Peshawar and, owing to his bravery), and relief of Lucknow.
foresight and decision, there was no serious
disturbance there " the right man for the
— COUPER, SIR GEORGE EBENEZBR
place " commanded an expedition against
:
WILSON, BARONET (1824- )
the fanatical colony of Sitana Maj- :
I.C.S. Colonel Sir George

: son of
General and K.C.B., 1858 commanded :
Couper, Bart., Comptroller of the House-

the N.W. district in England Lt-General, :
hold of H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent :

1866 :Governor of Chelsea Hospital,
born 1824 educated at Sandhurst and
:
1872 G.C.B., 1873

: died Feb. 20, 1874 : :
Haileybury entered the Bengal Civil

:
he was " a thorough soldier, an ofi&cer of

Service in- 1846 joined the Panjab Com- :
unuadal energy and activity " he wrote :
mission in 1849 served in the Indian :
Nii4 Years on the N.W. Frontier, 1854-63,

mutiny, through the siege of Lucknow
andlon The Central Asian Question.
under Sir Henry Lawrence, and after his
COWON, SIR WILLOUGHBY (1783- death under Brig-General Inglis and Sir
1860) J ames Outram Chief Commissioner in :
Oudh, 1871-6 Lieutenant-Governor :
Son of Admiral Rowland Cotton cousin :
of the N.W. Provinces, 1876 : retured

of Lord Combermere born in 1783 : :
1882 : C.B. : K.C.S.I. : CLE.
educated at Rugby (where he led a re-
bellion) entered the Guards, 1798 served
COURT, CLAUDE AUGUSTE
: :
(1793- ? )
in Hanover, 1805: Copenhagen, 1807;
in the Peninsula, 1809-14 went to India : General born Sep. 26, i793
: educated '
in 1821 commanded a Brigade in the

: at the Ecole Poly technique, Paris, 1812-3 :
first Burmese war, 1825-6 Maj -General : entered the French Army, 181 3: saw
and K.C.H., 1830 commanded in : active service, 181 3-5 left the Army, :
Jamaica, 1829-34 commanded the Bengal "• 1818 served in Persia, and joined Ranjit
:
Division of the Army of the Indus, 1838- Singh's forces, with Avitabile {q.v.) in
:)
:

1827 : improved Ranjit's Sikh Artillery drama, etc., in the Westminster Review,
greatly : paid much
attention to archaeo- also in the Asiatic Journal, Journal of
logy and coins after Ranjit's death, the
: Philology, Gentleman's Magazine, J.A.S.
Sikh troops attacked Court, who was pro- Bengal, Calcutta Review : on Prakrit
tected by Ventura {q.v.) retired from : Grammar translated and edited many
:
Lahore to France. Sanskrit both at Calcutta and

works,
Cambridge knew also modern languages,
:
COURTIN, JACQUES IGNACE ( ? - ? including Welsh, and the classics D.C.L., :
Son Franpois Courtin, Chevalier

of 1896 received the Gold Medal of the
:
Chief of the French Factory at Dacca :

Royal Asiatic Society, 1898 died Feb. 9, :
received for two months the members of 1903.

the English Factory at Dacca, when it was
seized by the Nawab of Dacca, after the COWLEY, HENRY WELLESLEY,
capture of Calcutta by the Nawab Surajud- FIRST BARON (1773-1847)
daula, 1756 and sent them to the English
:
Born Jan. youngest son of
20, 1773 :
at Fulta, 1756 he left Dacca, with 35

:
the Earl of Mornington
first brother of :
boats, on June 22, i757. and wandered Marquess Wellesley [q.v.), and Duke of
about the Rangpur, Dinajpur,
districts of
Wellington {q.v.) served in the Army, :
Jalpaiguri: received an Embassy from the before going as Secretary of legation to

King of Tibet fought with the Faujdar of
:
Stockholm, 1792 Private Secretary to :
Rangpur arrived at Murshidabad, March

:
his Marquess Wellesley,
brother. when
10, to surrender to the English
1758, :
Governor-General, 1798-1801 a : Com-
allowed by Clive to go to Chandernagore missioner for the settlement of Mysore
and Pondicherry Member of the Supreme :
after its capture, 1799 sent to England to :
Council there in the capitulation there,

:
explain the war with Tippoo in 1 799-1 800 :
Jan. 1 761 went to France, and probably

:
sent on a mission to Oudh, negotiated
became the Conseiller au Conseil des treaty for cession of certain districts by
Indes. the Nawab Lieutenant-Governor of the
:
ceded of Oudh, 1801-3

districts
COWELL, EDWARD BYLES (1826- left :
India, 1803 M.P. for Eye, 1807-9

: :
1903)
Secretary to the Treasury, 1808-9 P-C., =
Born Jan. 23, 1826

son of Charles :
1809 Secretary to Embassy to Spain,
:
Cowell : educated at
Ipswich early :
1809, and Ambassador, 181 1-22 knighted :
attracted to Sir W. Jones' works studied :

1812 G.C.B., 1815
: Ambassador to :
Persian entered
: a merchant's office Vienna, 1823-31 to Paris, 1841-6 made
: :
went to Magdalen Hall, Oxford : first Baron Cowley, 1828 died April 27, :
class, 1854 studied from 1853, under

:
1847.
H. H. Wilson (q.v.) joined the Education :
Department and became Professor of COX, CHARLES VYVYAN (1819- )

History and Political Economy at the
Presidency College, Calcutta, 1856 also :
Maj -General Rev. John
: son of the
Cox, Rector of Cheddington and Vicar of
Principal of the Sanskrit College, in 1858 :
left India, 1864 was the first Professor :

Stockland born Sep. 24, 1819
: educated :
at King's School, Sherborne, and ^Military

of Sanskrit at Cambridge, 1867 Fellow :
of Corpus Christi * College, Cambridge :

Academy, Addiscombe entered the :
LL.D. of Edinburgh D.C.L. of Oxford. :

Bengal Artillery, 1838 served in the :
After he was elected Professor of Sanskrit, Gwalior campaign, 1843-4 Satlaj cam- =
paign, 1845-6 present at the battles of

the study of Oriental languages increased :
at Cambridge the Semitic Languages

:
Mudki, Firozshahr and Sobraon Pan jab :
Tripos was established, 1878 the Indian :

campaign, 1848-9 present at battles of :
Languages Tripos, 1903 the Chenab, Chilianwala and Gujarat

the Oriental :
:
Languages Tripos, 1895 a Board of :

throughout the Indian mutiny, 1857 :
retired in 1872 C.B. in 1871.

Oriental studies was formed, and a Board :
of I.C.vS. studies he taught Sanskrit, :
Indian philosophy, comparative philology, COX, SIR EDMUND C, FIFTEENTH

Persian, Pali, Zend, etc. his publications :
BARONET (1856- )
were numerous. From early days, he Son of the 14th Baronet : born 1856 :
wrote on Persian poetry, the Hindu educated at Marlborough and Trinity

:

College, Cambridge
appointed Assistant : Secretary for the Home Department,
Inspr-General of Police in Bombay, 1877 : 1858-9, Secretary, 1867-8 Secretary for :
author of Skort History of the Bombay War, 1874-8 Secretary of State for :
Presidency, Tales of Ancient India. India, March 30, 1878, to April 28, 1880 :
President of the Council, 1885 and 1886-

COX, PERCY ZACHARIAH (1864- )
92 G.C.S.L
: P.C. D.C.L. LL.D. : : : :
Major son of Arthur Cox

: born Nov. : D.L. J. P.
:
20, 1864 educated at Harrow and Sand-

:
hurst joined the Army in 1884, and the

:
CRAWFORD, SIR THOMAS (1824-1895)
Indian Staff Corps in 1889 employed : Son of George Crawford educated at :
in the Political Department at Zaila, Edinburgh M.D. entered the Army

: :
Somali coast, 1893 Berbera, 1894-5 : : Medical Service, 1848 in the Burmese :
H.B.M.'s Consul and Political Agent, war, 1852-3, at the capture of Rangoon
Muscat, since 1899 CLE. in 1902 : : and Bassein, and other actions served in :
F.R.G.S. F.Z.S. : the Crimea P.M.O. in the N. Mahratta

:
country and the Dekkan in 1857-8 :
COXHEAD, JAMES ALFRED (1851- ) Superintending Surgeon of the Sirhind

Colonelborn 185 1 son of John Cox-
: :
circle head of the A. M.D. in Ireland
: :
head educated at Merchant Taylors,

:
Surgeon-General in India, in the second
Henley, and R.M.A., Woolwich entered :
Afghan war Director-General of the:
the Royal Artillery, 1872 was Private :

Army Medical Service, 1882-9 K.C.B., '•
Secretary and A.D.C. to Sir Henry Nor- 1885 LL.D., Edinburgh

: died Oct. 12, :
man when Governor of Jamaica, 1883-7 :

1895.
served at the Malakand Pass, 1895, and
relief of Chitral commanded the R.A. :
CRAWFURD, JOHN (1783-1868)
Indian Contingent in S. Africa till relief of Son Samuel Crawfurd born Aug. 13,
of :
Ladysmith C.B. in 1900. : 1783 educated at Bowmore, and in

:
medicine at Edinburgh from 1803, :
CRAIG, SIR JAMES HENRY (1748-1812) served as an Army medical officer, for 5
Son of Henry Craig born 1748 entered : :
years, chiefly in Upper India transferred :
the 30th regt. at 15, completed his military to Penang studied the Malays
: was :
education on the Continent served in N. :

with Lord Minto in the expedition to
America, 1774-81, was at Bunker's Hill Java, 181 1 employed in diplomatic
:
and other actions Adjutant-General in :

offices wrote a History of
there, 181 1-7 :
the Netherlands, 1794 Maj -General :

the Indian Archipelago, 1820 sent, in :
commanded a force to capture the Cape 1 82 1, as Envoy to Siam and Cochin China :
of Good Hope on the arrival of Sir :

administered the Government of Singa-
Alured Clarke's force from India the pore, 1823-6 Commissioner of Pegu, :
Dutch surrendered Craig commanded at :

1826 Envoy to the Court of Ava
: re- :
the Cape, 1795-7 K.C.B., 1797 com- : :

tired to England, 1827 wrote narratives :
manded the Division at Benares, 1797- of his missions, A Grammar and Dictionary
1802, in a difficult time, during the mas- of the Malay Language, 1852 A Descrip- :
sacre there Lt-General, 1801 command-

: :
tive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and
adjacent Countries, 1856 also, papers on
ed in Italy and Sicily, 1805-6 Governor- :
:
Xjeneral of Canada, 1 807-11 General, :

ethnology for scientific journals took an :
1812 died Jan. 12, 1812.

:
active part in Geographical and Ethnologi-
cal Societies was an unrivalled authority
:
CRANBROOK, GATHORNE GA- on the Eastern Archipelago died May 11, :
THORNE-HARDY, FIRST EARL OF

(1814- )
Born Oct. i, 1814 son of John Hardy, :

CREALOCK, HENRY HOPE (1831-
1891)
M.P. educated at Shrewsbury and
:
Oriel College, Oxford Hon. Fellow of : Son of William Arthur Crealock born :
Oriel called to the bar at the Inner Tem-

: March 31, 1831 educated at Rugby
:
ple, 1840 M.P. for Leominster, 1856-65

: : entered the Army in the 90th regt., 1848
for Oxford University, 1865-78 made a : served in the Crimea, 1854-5 D.A.Q.M.G. :
Viscount, 1878 : an Earl, 1892 : Under and in China, 1857-8 was in the Indian :
:: :
lOO DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

mutiny campaigns of 1858-9, on the staff CROOKE, WILLIAM (1848- )
of Sir R. MansfieldW. present at Bareli :

I.C.S. 1848
: born Aug.
educated 6, :
and Shahjahanpur served again in China, :

at the Grammar School, Tipperary, and at
Military Secretary to the Earl of Elgin, Trinity College, Dublin arrived in India, :
i860 at St. Petersburg and Vienna

:
1871 served in the N.W.P. and Oudh :
:
and commanded a Division in Zululand, Magistrate and Collector retired, 1896 : :
1879 C.M.G. was a Lt-Generalin 1884

: : :
author of Rural and Agricultural Glossary,
died May 31, 1891 he was an excellent :
N.W.P. and Oudh, 1888 an Ethno- :
artist and made many drawings of Indian graphical Handbook for the N.W.P. and
and Chinese warfare and scenery. Oudh, 1890 The N.W.P. of India, their
:
History, etc., 1897 The Popular Religion :
CROFT, SIR ALFRED WOODLEY and Folklore of Northern India, 1896 and :
(1841- )
a Gazetteer of Jalesar The Tribes and :
Son of C. H. Croft : born Feb. 7, 1841 : Castes of the N.W.P. and Oudh, 1896 :
educated at Mannamead School, Ply- also of a revised edition of Burnell's and

mouth, and Exeter College, Oxford Yule's Hobson-Jobson, and numerous
entered the Bengal Educational Depart- papers in the Journal of the Anthropological
ment, 1866 Director of Public Instruction
: Institute and Folklore Society.
in Bengal, 1877-97 Member of the :
Education Commission, 1882-3 Member •

CROSS, JOHN KYNASTON (1832-1887)
of the Bengal Legislative Council, 1887- Son of Thomas Cross head of the :
92 : President of the Asiatic Society of Firm of Crosses, Winkworth & Co. :
Bengal, 1892-3 Vice-Chancellor of the :

Under Secretary of State for India, Jan.,
Calcutta University, 1894-6 Hon. :
1883 to June, 1885 died March 20, 1887. :
LL.D., 1897 K.C.I.E., 1887. :
CROSS, RICHARD ASSHETON, FIRST

CROMER, EVELYN BARING, FIRST VISCOUNT (1823- )
EARL (1841- ) Born May 30, 1823 : son of William

Son of Henry Baring, M.P. : born Cross : Rugby and Trinity
educated at
Feb. 841
26, educated at Ordnance
1 :
College, Cambridge called to the bar at :
School, Carshalton, and R.M.A., Wool- the Inner Temple, 1849 M.P. for Preston, :
wich entered the

: Rojâl Artillery, 1857-62, and S. Lancashire, 1868-86
1858 Major in 1876 Private Secretary
: :
Home Secretary, 1874-80 and 1885-6 :
to Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for India, Aug. 4, 1886,
1872-6 Financial :Member of the to Aug. 19, 1892 Lord Privy Seal, :
Supreme Council of the Governor-General, 1895-1900 a Viscount, 18S6

: made :
1880-3 has since been employed in

' P.C. G.C.S.L, 1892
: D.C. L. LL.D., : :
Egypt, and is now Minister Plenipoten- Cambridge, 1878 G.C.B. 1880 F.R.S. : , : :
tiary in the Diplomatic Service Agent :

author of legal works.
and Consul General in Egypt since 1883
P.C. :G.C.B. G.C.M.G. K.C.S.I. : :
CROSTHWAITE, SIR CHARLES
CLE. Baron, 1892
: Viscount, 1898 : HAWKES TODD (1836- )
Earl, 1901. I.C.S. son of Rev. John Clarke Cros-

:
thwaite born Dec. 25, 1835 educated at

: :
CROMMELIN, CHARLES ( ? - ? ) Merchant Taylors' and St. John's College,

Governor Marc Antoine Crom- : son of Oxford entered the Bengal Civil Service,
:
melin, of a Huguenot family joined the : 1857 served chiefly

: the N.W.P. m :
E. I. Co.'s service in Bombay, 1732 : Chief Commissioner of British Burma,

Governor of Bombay, 1760-7 returned : 1883-4 Chief Commissioner of Central
'•
to England, had great losses in trade, Provinces, 1885-6 Chief Commissioner :
returned to India, 1772, as a free mer- of Burma, 1887-90 Member of the :
chant was residing at Canton, 1777

: : Governor - General's Supreme Council,
was British Consul at Goa, 1784 it has : 1890-1, and in 1892 Lieutenant-Governor :
been suggested that this was the Charles of N.W.P. and Oudh, 1892-5 Member :
Cromelin {sic) who died Dec. 25, 1788, aged of the Council of India, 1895-1905 :
81, and was buried at the old English author of Notes on the N.W. Provinces of
Cemetery, Kalkapur, Murshidabad. India, 1870: K.C.S.I., in 1888.
::
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY lOI
CROSTHWAITE, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH Buddhist monastery 1830 reached till :
(1841- ) Calcutta, published a

April, 1831 :
I.C.S. son of Rev. JohnC Crosthwaite

: :
Tibetan grammar and dictionary, vocabu-
born Jan. 17, 1841 educated at Merchant :
lary, etc. : made Honorary Member of
Taylors and Brasenose College, Oxford :
the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1834
entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1863 :
studied Sanskrit, and was appointed
served chiefly in the N.W.P. : was Judi- Librarian of the Society travelled, :
cial Commissioner of Burma and Central 1836-7, to study Oriental languages, to

Provinces Agent to the Governor-
:
Jalpaiguri and Titalya at Calcutta 1837- :
General in Central India and in Rajputana: 42 started for Lhasa in 1842

: reached :
called to the bar from the Middle Temple, Darjeeling, March 24 died April 11 : :
1868 : K.C.S.I. in 1897. and was buried there "an indefatigable :
and unpresuming student " a scholar of

CROWE, SIR JOSEPH ARCHER (1825- extreme modesty knew 17 languages, :
1896) ancient and modern.

Journalist, art-critic, and diplomatist :
son of Eyre Evans Crowe born Oct. 20, :

CUBBON, SIR MARK (1785-1861)
1825 artist of Illustrated London News
: Born Sep. 8, 1785 went : to India in
in the Crimea present at the engage-
: the Madras Infantry in 1800 : Captain in
ments appointed Superintendent of the
: 1816 in the Commissariat Department
:
" Sir Jamsetji Jijihbai's School of Design " in the Pindari war, 1817-8, and in
at Bombay, 1857 Editor, successively,
: Madras. When the people of Mysore
of the Bombay Gazette and Bombay Stand- rebelled, in 1831, against the oppression
ard, and correspondent of the Daily News and bad government of their Hindu
and Times during the mutiny Secretary : Raja, Lt-Colonel Cubbon was a member
of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce : of the Commission of Enquiry after :
left India owing to ill-health, 1859 : which the Government of India assumed
Times' correspondent in Italian war of the administration of the province and
1859 :present at Solferino appointed : Cubbon was made Commissioner, first
Consul- General for Saxony, i860 entered : joint, and in 1834 sole, of Mysore and :
diplomatic service, 1880 Commercial : soon afterwards of Coorg also this post :
Attache for Europe, 1 882-1 895 joint : he held for 27 years, governing the pro-
author with Cavalcasella of Histories of vince despotically but successfully, through
Flemish and Italian Painters, Lives of native agency, and exercising a profuse
Titian and Raphael published a volume : hospitality Lt-General, 1852
:
C.B., :
of Reminiscences died Sep. 6, 1896. : 1856 K.C.B., 1859. He never married

:
or left India until he retired in 1861, after

CSOMA, DE KOROS, ALEXANDER 60 years' service in India, when he died at
(1784-1842) Suez, on April 23. His equestrian statue
is in the Cubbon Park at Bangalore when :
Traveller and student of philology son

unveiled, it had been daubed with the
:
of Andrew Csoma born April 4, 1784,

:
three Brahmanical marks on the fore-
at Koros in Transylvania educated, :
head.
1815-8, at the College of Novo Enyed :
Doctor of Medicine at Gottingen. To

ascertain the origin of his countrjonen,
CUBITT, WILLIAM GEORGE (1835-
1903)
the Hungarians, whose primitive seat he
expected to discover in the heart of Cen- Colonelson of Major W. Cubitt of the
:
tral Asia, he left Bucharest, Jan. i, 1820 : Bengal Army: educated at Laleham
travelled to Constantinople, Alexandria, joined the 13th Bengal N.I., 1853 ^
Syria, Bagdad, Teheran, Mashad, Bokhara, served in the Sonthal campaign, 1855 :
Kabul, Lahore, Kashmir, Leh studied : in the Dafla expedition, 1874-5 Afghan :
Tibetan thoroughly in monasteries in war, 1878-80 Akha expedition, 1883-4

:
:
Ladak, chiefly at Yangla, in Zanskar, Burmese expedition, 1886-7 in the ••
1823-6 was at Sabathu, 1824-5

: al- = mutiny won the Victoria Cross at Chinhut
lowed Rs. 50 a month by the Government on June 30, 1857, for saving the lives of
of India made a third journey to Kanum
: three men at the risk of his own in the :
in Kunawar, studying Tibetan at a defence of the Residency at Lucknow :

: ::

wounded : D.S.O. for his services in on Ladak, The Bhilsa Topes, The Ancient
Burma : retired 1892 : died Jan. 25, 1903. Geography of India, The Buddhist Period,
Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, The
CUNINGHAM, SIR WILLIAM JOHN Stupa of Bharhat, The Book of Indian
(1848- )
Eras, Mahahodhi. After retirement, he
paid much attention to numismatics, on
I.C.S. : 1848 born Nov.
son of 20, :
which he was an eminent authority

Alexander Cuningham educated at :
parted with his coins at cost price to the

Edinburgh Academy and privately went :
British Museum died Nov. 28, 1893. :
out to Bombay, 1870 served as Assistant :
to the Chief Commissioner of Mysore :
Under Secretary to the Government of CUNNINGHAM, FRANCIS (1820-1875)

India, Foreign Department, 1885 : Secre-
Son of Allan Cunningham, and brother
tary in the Foreign Department, 1894-
K.C.S.I., 1897.
of Alexander {q.v.)
Sir born 1820 : :
1901 C.S.I. 1894
: , :
educated at Addiscombe joined the :
CUNNINGHAM, SIR ALEXANDER Madras Army, 1838 was distinguished as :
FREDERICK DOUGLAS (1862- an engineer in the defence of Jalalabad,

)
1842 served in the Civil Commission in
:
I.C.S. son of Sir Alexander Cunning-

:
Mysore under Sir Mark Cubbon, and re-
ham, K.C.I.E.,C.S.I, {q.v.) educated at :
tired in 1 861. Marlowe, He edited
Kensington Grammar School and King's Massinger and Ben Jonson, by which he
College, London
went to the Panjab in :
is best known also wrote for the Saturday
:
1872 : in the Khyber,

Political officer
Review he died Dec. 3, 1875.
:
1879 Under Secretary to the Panjab

:
Government, 1884 Commissioner and :
Superintendent of the Peshawar Division, CUNNINGHAM, SIR HENRY STEW-

1892, and from 1894 K.C.I.E., 1901 : :
ART (1832- )
retired. Born 1832 son of Rev. J. W. Cunning-

:
ham, Vicar of Harrow educated at :
CUNNINGHAM, SIR ALEXANDER Harrow and Trinity College, Oxford

(1814-1893) called to the bar, 1859 Advocate-General :
Son of Allan Cunningham : born Jan. in Madras, 1872 Judge of the Calcutta :
23, 1814 educated at Christ's Hospital

:
High Court, 1877-87 Member of the :
and Addiscombe obtained an Indian :

Indian Famine Commission, 1878-9 :
cadetship, through Sir Walter Scott :

author of The Chronicles of Dustypore,
reached India in June, 1833 A.D.C. to :
The Heriots, The CcBruleans, Sybilla, and
Lord Auckland, 1836 Executive Engin- :
other novels also Earl Canning (" Rulers
:
eer to the King of Oudh, 1840 engaged : of India " series). He married in 1877 a
in^suppressing the rebellion in Bundelkund : daughter of Lord Lawrence K.C.I.E. in :
was at Punniar, Dec. 19, 1843 : Executive 1889.

Engineer at Gwalior, 1844-5 : was in the
first Sikh war, 1846, as field engineer :
CUNNINGHAM, JAMES MACNABB
occupied Kangra and Kulu demarcated :
(1829-1905)
boundaries was at Chilian wal a and
:
Gujarat in the second Sikh war, 1848-9 : Educated at Edinburgh University

Chief Engineer in Burma, 1856-8 and in : M.D. entered the Bengal Medical Ser-
:
the N.W.P., 1858-61 retired from the : vice, Secretary to the Sanitary
185 1 :
Army as Maj-General in 1861 he v/as : Commissioner, 1866 Professor of Hy- :
then made the first Archseological Sur- giene, Calcutta Medical College, 1866 :
veyor to the Government of India, 1 861-5 '•

Sanitary Commissioner, Bengal, 1869 :
the department was abolished in 1865, Sanitary Commissioner with the Govern-
but revived in 1870, with Cunningham ment of India, 1875-85, and Surgeon-
as Director he held the post until he
: General, 1880-5 retired, 1885 Member : :
retired in 1885 C.S.I. CLE. and of the Army Sanitary Committee, 1891-
—
: : :
K.C.I.E. in 1887. Apart from his official 96 author of Cholera what can the
:
reports of his annual tours and his occa- State do to Prevent it ? represented the
sional contributions to the Asiatic Society Government of India at the Paris Inter-
of Bengal's journals, he wrote, inter alia. national Sanitary Congress, 1894 C.S.I., :
:: :
1885 Honorary Surgeon to the Queen,

:
CURETON, CHARLES ROBERT ri789-
1888: died June 26, 1905. 1848)
CUNNINGHAM, JOSEPH DAVEY Brig-General born in 1789 : entered :
(1812-1851) the Shropshire Militia, 1806 disguised :
as a sailor, he fled from creditors, and

Son of Allan Cunningham and brother
enlisted in a dragoon regiment in 1808 :
of SirAlexander {q.v.) born June 9, 1812 : :
served in the Peninsula, was in many
educated at private schools and at Addis-
actions, Talavera, Badajos, Salamanca,
combe, where his career was very dis-
Madrid, Vittoria, etc.: gazetted as Ensign,
tinguished Sir Walter Scott obtained a
:
1814 worked up to Lt-Colonel in 1846

:
cadetship for him he went to Chatham :
:
went to India in 1822 was at the siege

and to India in the Bengal Engineers in :
of Bhartpur, Jan. 19, 1826 was in the :

1834 appointed assistant to Colonel
:
Afghan war, 1839, under Sir J. Keane,

Claud Wade {q.v.), the Agent on the Sikh
at Ghazni, July 23, 1839, and the occupa-
frontier fortified Firozpur, 1837
: was :
for 8 years in political employ

tion of Kabul : was at Maharajpur on
: at the
Dec. 29, 1843 : C.B., 1844 in the Satlaj
:
interview with Ranjit Singh, in the
campaign was under Sir Harry Smith :
Khyber, at Ludiana, at Peshawar, with
the Amir Dost Muhammad at Jammu,
commanded the cavalry at Aliwal, and a
Brigade of cavalry at Sobraon, gaining
agent at Bahawalpur Captain, etc. :
the highest praise as a cavalry commander

1845 in the first Sikh war was at Badiwal,
:
made A.D.C. to the Queen and Adjutant- :

Aliwal, and Sobraon : was Political
General to the Queen's forces in India,
Agent at 1846 Bhopal,
published the :
1846 :in the second Sikh war he was

History of the Sikhs. This work, though
killed at Ramnagar, Nov. 22, 1848.
favourably received in general, gave
offence to some of Cunningham's superiors,
as he stated that in the Sikh war two of
the Sikh generals were bought this was :
CURETON, EDWARD BURGOYNE
strenuously denied by high officers the : (1822-1894)
result to Cunningham was the loss of his
political appointment and relegation to Born May, 1822 son of Brig-General
:
ordinary duty, on the ground of having C. R. Cureton (q.v.) Ensign, 13th foot,
:
used in his History information confiden- 1839 :in the i6th Lancers in the battle
tially known to him in his official capacity. of Maharajpur, Dec. 29, 1843 at Mudki, :
He died at Umbala, Feb. 28, 185 1. Dec. 18, 1845 at Sobraon, Feb. 10, 1846 :
:
in the Kafir war, 185 1-3 in the Crimea :
from July, 1855: Lt-General retired, :
CURETON, SIR CHARLES (1826-1891) 1881 died Feb. 9, 1894.

:
Son Charles Robert Cureton

of bom :
Nov. 1826
25, joined the E.I. Co.'s
:
Army, 1843 eventually became General

:
CURRIE, BERTRAM WODEHOUSE
in 1888 served in the first Sikh war, was
:
(1827-1896)
at Aliwal, Jan. 28, 1846 in the Panjab :
campaign, 1848-9, was A.D.C. to his Born 1827 son of Raikes Currie
:
father and in the N.W. frontier opera-

: educated at Eton: entered his father's
tions of 1849-52 and i860 helped to : banking business, which, in 1864, was
subdue the Sonthal rebellion, 1856 in : amalgamated and became Gl^m, Mills,
the Indian mutiny he raised and com- Currie& Co. in Dec. 1880, was ap-
:
manded Cvureton's
of Multani regiment pointed a Member of the Council of India,
native cavalry, was present at an action re-appointed 1890, served till 1895 in :
against Sealkot rebels at Trimmu Ghat, 1892, represented England at the Inter-
and a number of actions in 1858-9, show- national monetary conference at Brussels :
ing great personal bravery in charge of : in 1893 was member of Lord Herschell's
Intelligence Department in Rohilkund Committee, which decided on closing the
and Oudh, 1858-9 : commanded the Indian Mints to the free coinage of silver :
Oudh Division of the Bengal Army, was on other financ ial Commissions
1879-S4 : C.B., 1869 : K.C.B., 1891 : initiated in 1895 the Gold Standard Defence
died July 11, 1891. Association died Dec. 29, 1896.
:
: :
I04 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

CURRIE, SIR FREDERICK, M.P. for Southport Division, 1886-98
BARONET (1799-1875) published Russia in Central Asia, 1889 :
Persia and the Persian Question, 1892 :
I.C.S. son of Mark Currie born Feb. 3,

Problems of the Far East, 1894
:
:
Viceroy :
1799 educated at Charterhouse and

:
and Governor-General of India from Jan.
Haileybury reached India, 1820 : was :
paid much atten-
6, 1899, to April, 1904 :
a Judge of the Sadr Adalat (court) in the

tion to the control and defence of the
N.W.P., 1840 Foreign Secretary to the
frontiers of India, changing the policy on
:
Government of India, 1842 with Sir :

the N.W. frontier created a Chief :
Henry Hardinge in the first Sikh war, Commissionership of the Trans-Indus

1845-6, and, after Sobraon, drew up the
districts enforced the blockade of Wazir-
:
treaty with the Sikhs made Baronet in :

istan :showed distrust of Russian
Jan. 1847 officiated as Member of the
objects and Russian methods
:
visited the :
Supreme Council, April, 1847 to Jan. Persian gulf, with a view to prevention of
1848 : resigned his seat, and succeeded
any enroachment on British interest, to
Sir Henry Lawrence as Resident at Lahore
increase trade and maintain sphere of
in 1848 accepted the resignation of
:
influence in Persia despatched Tibet :
Mulraj, the Governor of Multan con- :

mission to carry out Anglo-Chinese con-
firmed as Member of Supreme Council,
vention of 1890 and trade regulations of
resuming his seat, March, 1849 retired :
1893, and check Russian influence in

in 1853 was elected a Director of the
:
the mission leading to war with
Tibet :
E.I. Co. in 1854, Chairman, 1857 Member :

Tibet and the treaty of Lhasa, Sep. 1904 :
of the Council of India from 1858 D.C.L., :

examined into every branch of the admin-
Oxford in 1866 died Sep. 11, 1875.
to introduce improvements
:
istration, :
" has not always been a popular policy "

it :
CURWEN, HENRY (1845-1892) appointed several Commissions, on the

Universities, to reform Higher Education,
Journalist and writer : born in 1845 :
Henry on Irrigation, on the Police had to deal :

son of Curwen : educated at
Rossall followed
with a famine in Bombay aimed at :
: career in a literary
London until he went to India in 1876, improving relations with the native Chiefs,
as Assistant-Editor of the Times of India, and the character of their rule reformed :
Bombay, of which he became Editor in the four Chiefs' colleges founded the :
1880 and joint-proprietor in 1889 Imperial Cadet Corps settled the ques- :
died :
tion of the Berars set on foot the Vic-

:
on board ship, Feb. 22, 1892, on his way
toria Memorial Hall, obtaining large sub-
homewards wrote several novels, and
:
scriptions from wealthy natives held the :

translations of French poetry, and con-
tributed articles to periodical literature Delhi Coronation Darbar of Dec. 1902-
:
described his tour in the famine districts J an. 1903 reduced Lower Bengal by three
:
Divisions, adding them to Assam to make

of 1876-7: under his editorship the Times
a new Lieutenant -Governorship had large :
of India was well conducted and favour-

financial surpluses, twice reduced the Salt
ably regarded.
Tax, and removed the Income Tax on the
lowest incomes passed some important
CURZON OF KEDLESTON, GEORGE :
legislative measures, such as the Universi-

NATHANIEL, FIRST BARON Act, the Oflicial Secrets Act, the
ties
(1859- )
Indian Mines Act, the Ancient Monuments
Viceroy and Governor-General : born Preservation Act, the Co-operative Credit
Jan. II, 1859, son of Rev. fourth Baron Societies' Act G.M.S.I., G.M.I.E., P.C,
:
Scarsdale educated at Eton and Balliol

:
F.R.S., J.P., D.C.L. re-appointed Viceroy :
College, Oxford President of the Union :

and Governor-General in 1904 returned :
Society, 1880 : Fellow of All Souls' College, to India, Dec. 1904 Lord Warden of the :
1883 :gained the Arnold Essay Prize, Cinque Ports, 1903-4 in Aug., 1905, re- =
1884 Assistant Private Secretary to the

: signed the Viceroyalty on a point arising
Marquis of Salisbury, 1885 Under Secre- :
out of an adverse decision of the Cabinet
tary of State for India, 1891-2 for : on a difference of opinion between the
Foreign Affairs, 1895-8 travelled in :
C. in C. (Lord Kitchener) and the rest of
Central Asia, Persia, Afghanistan, the the Government of India regarding mili-
Pamirs, Siam, Indo-China, the Korea tary affairs in India.
: :
OUST, ROBERT NEEDHAM (1821 man of letters and antiquarian research :
Vice-President of the R.A.S., Bombay,

I.C.S. son of Hon. and Rev. H. C-
:
1892 : Knight of several foreign orders :
Cust, brother of Earl Brownlow born read many valuable papers on history,
:
Feb. 24, 1821 educated at Eton and

:
archaeology, languages, numismatics be-
:
fore the R.A.S. also wrote largely a : :
Service, 1843, and retired in 1867 served :

history of Chaul and Bassein, and the
in the N.W.P. and Panjab present at :
Origin of Bombay, 1900 on the subject :
the battles of Mudki and Firozshahr,

of Buddha's Tooth a man of great cul- :
1845, and Sobraon, 1846 called to the :

ture and a keen numismatist his collection :
bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1855 took part

of Indian coins, said to number 15,000,
:
in the settlement of the Panjab after the

was considered one of the finest in the
mutiny, 1858 : Home Secretary to the
world, and was valued at several lakhs of
Government of India, 1864-5 is now :
rupees he died July 3, 1900.
:
Hon. Secretary of the Royal Asiatic

Society, and has published many books D'AGUILAR, SIR CHARLES
on the religions and languages of the world, LAWRENCE (1821- )
the two last being Five Essays on Religious

Born 1821 son of Lt-General Sir
:
Conceptions, 1897, and Life Memoir,

George D'Aguilar, K.C.B. educated at :
1899: LL.D. of Edinburgh, 1885. '

R.M.A., Woolwich entered the Royal :
Artillery, 1838 Military Secretary to the:
D'ACHE, COMTE'(1700? or 1716?- Commander of the China Forces, 1843-8 :
1775) served in the Crimea and in the Indian

Vice- Admiral served with distinction,
:
mutiny General commanding Woolwich
:
but without important command, up to District, 1874-9 Lt-General, 1877 ' :
Col. Commandant R.H.A. G.C.B., 1887.

1757. when he was made Commander of
:
the French Naval forces in Indian seas :
reached the Coromandel coast, April,

D'AGUILAR, SIR GEORGE CHARLES
(1784-1855)
1758, commanding the squadron which
took Lally's expedition to India beaten, : Son of Capt. Joseph D'Aguilar : born
off Negapatam., by the English Fleet Jan. 1784 : joined the 86th regt. in
under Admiral Pocock declined to co- : India, 1799 : served in the Mahratta war
operate with Lally against Madras of 1803-5 at Bhartpur in 1806 under
:
again defeated off Tranquebar, Aug. i, Lord Lake to England in 1809 : in the :
1758 sailed for the Isle of France took

: : Walcheren expedition in Sicily on a : :
for his fleet a million francs, intended for special mission to Constantinople : in
Pondicherry returned after a year from
: Spain in Flanders
: C.B. in 1834 com- : :
Isle of France defeated off Fort St.

: manded in China, and in 1847 Canton
David, Sep. 10, i759, ^Y Pocock went : submitted to him K.C.B. in 1851 Lt- : :
to Pondicherry, but abandoned it Sep. General died May 21, 1855

:
wrote :
17, and never returned, staying at the Isle military manuals and treatises.
of France thus, inefficient and constantly
:
defeated, he lost in a few months the

DALGLEISH, ANDREW ( ? -1888)
French cause in South India the com- : An energetic pioneer of trade : for
merce of the Compagnie des Indes was years he journeyed for commercial pur-
irretrievably destroyed on his return to : poses between Kashmir and Yarkand
France, he received promotion in the joined a Central Asian Trading Company :
Navy and honours, without restoring his went with a party to Yarkand, and after-
reputationby any distinguished action : wards made frequent journeys to Kashgar :
became an accuser of Lally died, 1775. : in 1883 he had a free passport from the
Chinese to enter Chinese Turkistan went :
as Turkish interpreter with A. D. Carey

DA CUNHA, J. GERSON (1842-1900)
(q.v.) in 1885 from Kashmir round Chinese
Doctor born in Arpora, Goa claimed
: :
Turkistan and along the frontier of Tibet
to belong to a family of Brahman converts was killed near the Karakoram, en route to
to Christianity: educated at Goa, Yarkand, by a Kakar Pathan in 1888 :
Bombay, and in Europe

returned to :
his map specially acknowledged by the
Bombay as a medical practitioner a : Geographical Society.
: ;
io6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

DALHOFF, RIGHT REV. THEODORE, 1846, by Lord John Russell, who ap-
D.D. (1837- ) pointed him Governor-General of India
in 1847 assumed office, Jan. 12, 1848.
Second Catholic Archbishop of Bom-
:
After the rebellion of Mulraj at Multan,

bay : a German, born in Westphalia,
the second Sikh war broke out Dal- :
April 20, 1837 entered the Society of :
housie went up to the Panjab-Satlaj

Jesus, April 14, 1859 arrived in India, :
frontier and supervised the operations :
Jan. 28, 1866 ordained priest, Dec. 25,

:
1868
annexed the Panjab in March, 1849 was :
held several posts of Superiorship

:
at Bandora, St. Xavier's College, Bombay,

made a Marquis made Sir Henry
:
Lawrence President of the Board of Ad-

and St. Vincent's High School, Poona :
ministration, and, in 1853, made Sir

as Vicar-General, on the death of Arch-
bishop Porter, administered the diocese :
John Lawrence Chief Commissioner of
the Panjab his controversy with Sir
:
Archbishop of Bombay, Dec. 6, 1891 :
C. J. Napier, the C. in C, regarding cer-

consecrated in Bombay Cathedral, Jan.
tain new regulations affecting the grant
31, 1892 in 1891 visited Europe, and
:
to the Sepoys of compensation for dear-

again in 1895 ; built the Church of the
ness of provisions, led to the latter's
Holy Name, Bombay (opened Jan. 15,
resignation. Dalhousie's internal adminis-
1905), with Archiepiscopal Residence and
tration of the country was thorough and
Convent School attached : is proprietor
comprehensive he introduced and laid
:
of the BombayExaminer (now Catholic
called the Examiner), a weekly religious
down a system for the construction of
railways joined the provinces by tele-
paper of wide circulation, nov/ in its ;
graphs organized the imperial postal

still at work in his 69th
;
fifty-fifth year :
year.
system created the Departments of Public
;
works. Jails, Forests, Survey, and Edu-

DALHOUSIE, GEORGE RAMSAY, cation; dealt with the strength and com-
NINTH EARL OF (1770-1838) position of the Army in India reorganized ;
and expanded the Legislative Council

General son of the eighth Earl born in
: :
created a separate Lieutenant-Governor-
1770, entered the Army in the Dragoon ship of Lower Bengal (to relieve the
Guards in 1789, was in several regiments Governor-General of his direct personal
became Maj-General in 1805, Lt-General, charge of that Province) he declared :
1813 G.C.B.
: General, 1830 served
: :
war on the King of Burma in 1852, and
at Martinique, 1792 in the Irish rebellion :
supervised it himself, visiting the country
of 1798 in Holland, Egypt, the Peninsula
:
and annexing Pegu made treaties with
:
and France created Baron Dalhousie in

:
the Khan of Kelat and Amir of Afghanis-
the Peerage of the United Kingdom in
tan :the Berars were assigned for the
Aug. 181 5 Lt-Governor of Nova Scotia,
:
payment of the Hyderabad debts. Dal-
1816 Captain-General and Governor of
:
housie has been blamed for the annexation
Canada, Nova Scotia, etc., 1819-28 and :
of Satara, Nagpur, Tanjore, Jhansi,
commanded the forces from 1819 was :
Oudh, for reducing the title of the Nawab
C. in C. in the East Indies, 1829-32 :
of the Carnatic to Prince of Arcot, for
father of the first Marquis of Dalhousie
terminating the ex-Peshwa's pension
{q.v.) died March 21, 1838.
the fact is, that where annexations were
:
effected, according to the doctrine of

DALHOUSIE, JAMES ANDREW lapse, i.e. on the failure of natural heirs,
BROWN-RAMSAY, FIRST MAR- that policy was not Dalhousie's, but a
QUIS OF (1812-1860) policy which had been previously declared
Governor-General third son of the : and acted upon and was, in each case,
ninth Earl, C. in C. in India [q-v.) born : sanctioned by higher authority in the :
April 22, 1812 educated at Harrow and

: case of Oudh, he personally was opposed
Christ Church, Oxford M.P. for Hadding- : to annexation, but his Council advocated
tonshire, 1837 succeeded his father, : it and the authorities in England ordered
March, 1838 Vice-President of the Board
: it, on account of the continued malad-
of Trade in Peel's administration, 1843 : ministration by the King, after repeated
Privy Councillor, 1843 President of the : warnings Dalhousie restricted the ap-
:
Board and in the Cabinet, 1845 declined : plication of the doctrine of lapse to cases
a seat in the Cabinet offered him in July, of Hindu dependent states. He was also
blamed for weakening

European the besides papers on Ireland and France,
Army in India : had protested
in fact, he and on Trade between India and Europe,
against reduction of the EngUsh Army in in which he advocated a greater freedom
India for the Crimean and Persian wars, and liberality in trade between the
and had given full attention to military countries : died Jan. 14, 1833.
affairs he abolished numerous Boards
:
and established responsible Departments DALLAS, SIR THOMAS ? -1839) (
in their places his despatches were not

:
Was a cavalry officer in the Carnatic,
attended to at the India House, and he and under Colonel Arthur Wellesley, and
was never able to defend himself and his at the siege of Seringapatam distin- :
administration. He suffered from ill- guished himself : K.C.B. died Aug. 12,
:
health, during the prolongation of his ap-

1839.
pointment in India, and was too ill after
on Feb. 29, 1856, to defend
his retirement,
DALRYMPLE, ALEXANDER
his policy and the English Governments
:
(1737-1808)
failed to support him. Thus the out-
break of the mutiny was unjustly attri- Son James Dalrymple, Bart. born
of Sir :
buted to his alleged policy in respect of July 24, 1737 went out to Madras in the
:
E.I. Co.'s Civil service, in May, 1753 '•
annexation, neglect of military matters,

and the reduced strength of the English Lord Pigot, to whom he had been reco-
Army in India. His assailants have been mended, put him into the Secretariat and
amply refuted by his later biographers, taught him to write the historian Orme :
also befriended him he became Deputy

especially in Sir W. Lee Warner's
Life of
:
The Secretary in 1759-62 he made a voyage

the Marquis
:
of Dalhousie, 1904.
to the Eastern Archipelago in the interest
death, from exhaustion after sea-sickness,
of commerce after returning to Madras
of Lady Dalhousie in 1853, in sight of
:
England, affected him deeply. Always he sailed again to the islands and reached
a very hard worker, he sought distraction
Canton in 1764. He returned to England
in 1765 to push his schemes of extending
in " work, work,"' and in his public duties.
His final minute of Feb. 28, 1856, contains commerce to the East, but received no
a summary of his administration. He was encouragement failed to obtain the :
masterful in character and impatient of command of an expedition to observe the

opposition. " In the three words, con- transit of Venus in 1769 : then turned his
attention to geography and hydrography,
quest, consolidation and development,
his work may be summed up " (Sir
and published a Chart of the Bay of
W. W. Hunter). He stands out as " the Bengal in 1772 appointed Member of :
" Council in Madras, 1775, but in 2 years was

great Proconsul of modern times. After
recalled on an unfounded charge of mis-
retirement he held no office but that of
conduct in 1779 made hydrographer
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 1852-60. :
to the E.I. Co., and in 1795 also to the

He died Dec. 19, i860. His statue is in
Calcutta, where the Dalhousie Institute
Admiralty dismissed from this appoint-
:
was erected in his memory. ment in May, 1808: died of vexation,

June, 19, 1808 published a number of :
DALLAS, SIR GEORGE, BARONET works, chiefly on voyages, charts, his-

(1758-1833) torical and political papers, including
the Oriental Repertory, 179 1-4.
Son Robert Dallas born April 6, 1758
of : :
educated at Geneva entered the E. I. Co.'s

:
was noticed by
civil service at eighteen,
DALRYMPLE, JAMES ( ? -1800)
Warren Hastings, appointed Collector of Commanded the 29th battalion in
Rajshahi returned to England for ill-
: Madras, 1788 at the storming of Gurrum-
:
health, 1788: deputed by Calcutta resi- condah in Nov. 1791 took Raichur for :
dents to present a petition against Pitt's the Nizam from insurgents, March, 1796 :
East India Bill made a Baronet in

: in the Nizam's contingent under General
1798 :M.P., 1800-2, for Newport wrote : A. Wellesley, 1799 in the assault of :
a poem The India Guide a pamphlet in : Seringapatam, May 4, 1799 after the :
vindication of Warren Hastings, 1789 : capture commanded the Hyderabad Sub-

a vindication of the Marquis Wellesley's sidiary Force took several forts from
:
wars in Hindustan and the Dekkan, 1806, Dhoondia Waugh, the freebooter, and
::
io8 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

defeated him, Aug. 17, 1799, at Shikarpur, Regent of Mysore), and Morari Rao the
expelling him from Mysore died, much : Mahratta defended it with great skill
:
regretted by General Wellesley, at Hydera- and coiurage against famine, treachery,

bad, Dec, 1800. blockade and the French also relieved :
by Major Stringer Lawrence, May, 6,

DALRYMPLE. WILLIAM LISTON 1753, and again Sep. 21 resigned the :
(1816- )
E.I. Co.'s service March i, i754. and re-
Born June 29, 1845 : educated at High turned to England died July 11, 181 1.:
School, Edinburgh, Wimbledon and Sand-

hurst joined 44th regt., 1863, and 88th
: D'ALVIELLA, COUNT GOBLET
Connaught Rangers, 1864 passed Staff : (1846- )
College, 1873 served at Ashanti, Ber-

:
Born Aug. 10, 1846 : educated at
muda, D.A.A., and Q.M.G., Northern Brusselsand Paris LL.D. of the Univer- :
District A.A.G., Colonial Forces, South

:
sity of Glasgow Hibbert Lecturer at
:
Africa, 1878 Brig-Major :S. Africa Oxford, 1891 accompanied H.M. King
:
Field Force, 1879 Military Secretary to :

Edward VII, then H.R.H. the Prince of
Lord Lytton when Viceroy of India, 1880 :
Wales, on his Indian tour in 1875-6 :
A.Q.M.G. of India, 1883-4 D.Q.M.G., :

Author of Inde et Himalaye, 1877 Cdn- :
India, 189 1-3 Brig-General. :India, temporary Evolution of Religious Thought

1893-8 C.B., 1893
: retired. :
in England, America and India, 1885 :
Ce que VInde doit a la Grece, 1897, etc.

DALTON, EDWARD TUITE (1816-1880)
Entered the Army, 1835 in expedi- :
DALY, SIR HENRY DERMOT (1821-
tions against frontier tribes of Assam, 1896)
1839-40, and 1842 commanded an :
Francis Dermot
expedition and captured the Mishmi chief
Son of Lt-Colonel
Daly born Oct. 25, 1821 joined the :
who had murdered the French missionaries :
Kirk and Bourry on the Tibetan frontier :

first Bombay European regt. in 1840,
became Adjutant, was present at the
Commissioner of Chota Nagpur in 1858 :
fighting at Multan in 1848, in the second

with the Field Force against the Palamau
Sikh war, at Gujarat on Feb. 22, 1849,
rebels, and in 1858-9 against the Singbhum
insurgents
and in the pursuit of the Sikhs in 1849 :
C.S.L :Maj-General, 1877 : =
he raised the first Panjab Cavalry and saw

died Dec. 30, 1880 wrote The Descriptive :
service on the frontier, against the Afridis,

Ethnology of Bengal, 1872.
and under Sir Colin Campbell in 1852.
DALTON, JOHN (1725-1811) In the mutiny he commanded the Guides'
Cavalry in their march of 580 miles in 22
Son of Capt. James Dalton of the 6th
was at the
days from Mardan to Delhi :
regt. born 1725 appointed to Hanmer's

siege of Delhi, at the capture of Lucknow
: :
Marine regt., 1741 2nd Lt. of Marines

in March, 1858, and in the Oudh campaign
:
:
on the Preston, 1743 to Fort St. David, '
in 861 he commanded the Central India

1
1745 the French took Madras, 1746
Horse, and in 1871 was made Agent to the
: :
the Marine regts. being reduced at the

Governor-General for Central India
peace with France, Dalton joined the
K.C.B., 1875 CLE., 1880 General
: :
Independent Companies under Admiral

in 1888 G.C.O., 1889
: retired in 1882 : :
Boscawen {q.v.) became a Captain in :
died July 21, 1895.

the E.I. Co.'s service in the expedition :
to Devikota, 1749 Muhammad Ali, son

of Anwaruddin, late Nawab of the Car-
'•
DALY, HUGH (1860- )
natic, fled on his father's death to Trichino- Born i860 son of Sir H.D. Daly {q.v.)
: :
poly and applied to the English for help : entered Gloucestershire regt. 1881 joined :
Dalton was in the force sent to his aid : the Indian Staff Corps Captain, 1892 : :
was in the retreat at Volkonda, June, 19, served in Burmese expedition, 1886-7 =
1751 at Wootatoor and at Kistnavaram

: : Superintendent of the Northern Shan
in the fighting on behalf of Muhammad States, 1888 CLE. Assistant, and,
: :
Ali against Chanda Sahib {q.v.) near later, Deputy-Secretary to the Govern-
Trichinopoly Dalton made Commandant
: ment of India, Foreign Department
there, Jime, 15, 1752, to keep it for Major and C.S.L, 1903 Agent to the :
Muhammad Ali against the Dalwai (the Governor-General for Central India, 1905-
:
DALYELL, SIR ROBERT ANSTRU- and some country ships in 1804, homeward
THER (1831-1890) bound from Canton, he fell in with a
I.C.S. born Oct. 1831 son of Colonel French squadron off Pulo Aor, near the
: 7, :
S. end of the straits of Malacca, and by his

John Dalyell educated at Cheltenham :
skill and boldness deceived them and

and Haileybury went to Madras in Jan., : put
1851 became Secretary to the Board of
:
them to flight on Feb. 15, saving his own
Revenue in 1867, Secretary to Govern- fleet and its valuable cargo. He was
ment, Revenue Department, in 1868 knighted and pensioned by the E. I. Co. :
Member of the died March 25, 1827.

Chief 1870
Secretary, :
Board of Revenue, 1873 made a special :

DANE, SIR LOUIS WILLIAM
report on the Excise administration in
(1856- )
1874 Chief Commissioner of Mysore in
:
1875-6, and additional Member of the I.C.S. : born March 21, 1856 son of :
Governor-General's Legislative Council, Richard Martin Dane, M.D., C.B. :

1873-7 retired : from India, 1877 : arrived in India, 1876 served in the :
Member of the Council of India, 1877-87 : Panjab Private Secretary to the Lieuten-
:
C.S.I. in 1879
, K.C.I.E., 1887 LL.D. : : ant-Governor, 1S79-82 Officiating Regis- :
of St. Andrews, 1885 died Jan. 18, 1890. : trar of the Chief Court, 1886 Settle- :
ment Gurdaspur, 1887

Officer, Deputy :
Commissioner, Peshawar, 1892

DAMANT, GUYBON HENRY (1846-1879) Chief :
Secretary to the Panjab Government, 1898:

I.C.S, : born May 9, 1846 : educated Resident in Kashmir, 1901 Foreign :
at St. Paul's School, London, and Christ's Secretary to the Government of India^
College, Cambridge Scholar and Ex- :
1903 C.S.L, 1904
: Head of the^Mission :
hibitioner went out to Bengal, 1869

: :
to Kabifl, 1904-5, to negotiate a" Treaty
served in Cachar, Assam, and on special with the Amir of Afghanistan made :
duty to Manipur, 1876 was Deputy :

K.C.I.E. on his return.
Commissioner of the Garo Hills, 1877, and
Political Agent in the Naga Hills, Assam, DANIELL, THOMAS (1749-1840)
1878 :on his way to Khonoma, to seize
Painterson of an innkeeper born in
some ammunition which the Nagas had : :
stored, was killed by them, Oct. 14, 1879 :

1749 was in India painting for ten years^
=
took keen interest in literature and from 1784, with his nephew William (q.v.),
philology wrote on folk-lore, and the
:
and published his pictures brought out :
Manipuri language in the J.A.S.B., their Oriental Scenery in 1808 Royal :
and the Indian Antiquary: Academician in 1799 F.R.S., F.R.A.S., :

J.R.A.S.,
most of the MSS. of his Manipur Dic- and F.S.A. exhibited his pictures at
:
the Academy and at the British Institute

tionary were destroyed by the Nagas in the
:
published other collections of pictures 1

stockade at Kohima.
died March 19, 1840.
D AMPIER, HENRY LUCIUS (1828- )

DANIELL, WILLIAM (
1837)
I.C.S. : born 1828 : son of W. Dampier,
I.C.S. : educated at
entered the Eton : Artist, R.A 14 accompanied his
: at
B.C.S., 1848 Member of the Orissa famine : uncle, Thomas Daniell (q.v.), also an artist,
Commission, 1 867: Secretary to the Govern- to India : in 10 years they travelled many
ment of Bengal : officiating Home Secre- thousand, miles, from Cape Comorin to
tary to the Government of India, 1872 : Srinagar, and on their return published
Member Bengal Legislative Council,
of Oriental Scenery, in 6 volumes, completed
1867-84 Member of the Board of Rev-
:
in 1808. He
exhibited largely at the
enue, 1877 President of Rent Law : Academy and
the British Institute r
Commission, 1881 retired, 1884 CLE. : : published also A Picturesque Voyage to
India, Zoography, The Panorama of
DANCE, SIR NATHANIEL (1748-1827) Madras, 1832, the City of Lucknow, and
Son of James Dance: born June 20, the Oriental Annual, besides other pic-
1748, entered the E. Co's naval service, I.
tures of British scenery. He was made a
1759 was in command of a ship in 1787.
'•
Royal Academician in 1822 died Aug. i6>. :
As Commodore of a fleet of 16 Indiamen 1837. 1 ,

::
no DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

DANVERS, FREDERICK CHARLES influence was chiefly felt in questions
( ? - ) affecting landed property died Dec. 17, :
Educated at Merchant Taylors' School 1898.

and King's College, London joined the :
East India House as a writer, 1853 and :

DARBHANGA, MAHARAJA BAHADUR
the India Office, 1858 Registrar and :
SIR RAMESWAR SINGH OF
Superintendent of Records, 1884 deputed :
(1860- )
to Lisbon, 189 1-2, to examine the Portu- Born Jan. 16, i860 younger son of :
guese records relating to India, and to the Maharaja Maheswar Singh educated at :
Hague, 1893-4 wrote extensively on

: the Queen's College, Benares, and at
Indian questions, including public works, home by Chester Macnaghten (q.v.) in :
famines, coal, statistics, agriculture, on 1878 was appointed by Lord Lytton to the
Chiefs, Agents, and Governors of Bengal, Statutory Civil Service served as Assist- :
1888 The India Ofice Records, 1889

: : ant Magistrate of Darbhanga, Chapra
on the Portuguese records and A History and Bhagalpur resigned in 1885
: was :
of the Portuguese in India, 1894. created Raja Bahadur, of Bachaur in :
1888 was appointed a Member of the

DANVERS, SIR JULAND (1826-1902)
Bengal Legislative Council, as representa-
Born March 19, 1826: son of Frederick tive of the landowners of Bengal and
Dawes Danvers educated at King's :
Bihar succeeded to the Darbhanga Raj
:
College, London
entered the E.I. Co.'s :
on the death of his elder brother, Maharaja
home service, 1842 Private Secretary :
Sir Lachmeswar Singh, on Dec. 17, 1898 :
to two Chairmen of the Court, 1848-53 :

made Maharaja Bahadur in 1899 and :
on the transfer of India to the Crown, 1904 was elected by the non-official mem-
Danvers became, at the India Office, Secre- bers of the Bengal Legislative Council as
tary in the Railway and Telegraph Depart- their representative in the Governor-
ment, and Deputy Director of Indian General's Legislative Council President :
Railways, 1858-61 Government Director :

of several Landowners' Associations :
of Indian Railways, 1861-92 Secretary in :

Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal, 1900 in 1902 :
the Public Works, Railway and Telegraph made K.C.I.E., and appointed a member
Departments, 1880-92 visited India, :
of the Police Commission.
1875-6 wrote the annual official reports
:
on Indian railways presented to Parlia- DARMESTETER, JAMES (1849-1894)

ment, 1859-82 was constantly examined
:
before Parliamentary Committees on Rail- Born March 28, 1849, in Alsace, of a poor
way and Finance questions K.C.S.I., :
Jewish family son of Cerf, and brother
:
1886: retired 1892 of Arsene, Darmesteter delicate, puny, :

died Oct. 18, 1902. :
and almost deformed educated at the :
DARBHANGA, MAHARAJA Lycee Condorcet, Paris Doctor in :
BAHADUR SIR LACHMESWAR Letters, 1877 devoted himself to Oriental

:
SINGH, OF (1856-1898) scholarship and literature became the :
Elder son of Maharaja Maheswar Singh greatest authority of his time on Zoro-
of Darbhanga born 1856 educated by
: : astrian literatiure appointed x\ssistant-
:
an English tutor, Chester Macnaghten Professorof Zend at the Ecole des Hautes
{q.v.) : occupied, as head of the Maithili Etudes, 1877 and in 1892, Director
:
BrahminSj a Hindu of Hindus, and the was appointed Professor of Persian at the
possessor of very large estates in Bihar, a College de France, 1885, and Secretary
very important position in Bihar and Ben- of the Societe Asiatique wrote Etudes :
gal: sincerely devoted to religion largely : Iraniennes, 1883, and on the language and
directed the management of his property literature of ancient Persia travelled in :
and effected great improvements made : India, to study his subjects locally resid- :
Maharaja Bahadur and K.C.I.E. a Mem- : ing there, Feb. 1886— Feb. 1887, chiefly
ber of both the Legislative Councils of at Bombay, Peshawar and Hazara
Bengal and the Governor-General con- : wrote Letters sur ITnde, 1888, The Popular
tributed handsomely to all objects of Songs of the Afghans, with an introduction
charity, medical aid, educational endow- on their language, history and literature,
ments and objects of general public 1890 ;a complete translation, 1892-3,
utility as President of the British Indian
: of the Zendavesta, published in the
and other Landowners' Associations, his Sacred Books of the East and Selected :
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY III
Essays, published 1S95 : was an Editor which Sirdar Muhammad Ali Khan,
of the Revue Critique, and, later, of the eldest son of Shir Ali, was killed. Daud
Revue de Paris wrote in them, and in the
: Shah showed great bravery during a
Journal des Debals, critical notices of campaign at Khost and was raised to the
books and Oriental essays wrote on the rank of General: he defeated
:
Abdur
mythology of the Avesta, 1875 Ormuzd : Rahman's forces in Turkistan, and settled
et Ahriman, iSyy Essais Orientaux, 1883
: : the country in Shir All's name, but, having
also on the History of the Jewish People, quarrelled with General Muhammad Alam,
in the Nouvelle Revue and the Prophets : he was recalled to Kabul and imprisoned
of Israel, 1892 : died at Maisons-Lafitte, by Shir Ali. Soon released, he acted as
Oct. 19, 1894. Commander-in-Chief when Yakub Khan
rebelled against his father Shir Ali, and
DAS, SARAT CHANDRA, RAI BAHA- when General Faramurz Khan, command-
DUR (1849- )
ing the Amir's forces, was killed by Aslam
Khan, son of Amir Dost Muhammad.
Born July 18, 1849 educated at :
Upon Yakub's second rebellion, an army

Chittagong and the Calcutta Presidency
was sent to Herat in which Daud Shah
College and in that College's Engineering
:
was given a command, but Shir Ali,

Department in 1874 was appointed
:
finding no General at Kabul, recalled him

Head Master of the Bhutia boarding
and entrusted him with all army affairs
school at Darjeeling began to study :
at the capital. In Jan. 1879, when Shir

Tibetan from Lama Ugyen Gyatso, a
Ali fled to Turkistan, after the capture
teacher there in 1878 the latter, on a
:
of Ali Masjid and the Peiwar Kotal by

visit to Tashi Lhumpo (Teshu Lumbo)
in Tibet, obtained an invitation and pass- Daud Shah was left
the British troops,
at Kabul with Yakub Khan and accom-
port for Sarat Chandra to visit Lhasa :
panied him to meet Sir S. Browne at
in June, 1879, they started together to
visit Lhasa with a servant returned after
Gandamak. He was Yakub's Comman-
:
der-in-Chief at the time of the massacre of

six months from Tashi Lhumpo to Dar-
Sir Louis Cavagnari in Sep. 1879, and
jeeling in Nov. 1881, they again went
:
Yakub's flight to the British camp.

to Tashi Lhumpo, and on to Lhasa :
During Sir F. Roberts' tenure of Sherpur,

wrote his Narrative of a Journey to Lhasa,
at Kabul, Daud Shah was arrested about
and Narrative of a Journey round Lake
Dec. 18, 1879, and deported to India
Palti (Yamdok), and in Lhokha, Yarlung :
died at Rawul Pindi, Dec. 25, 1897.

and Sakya in 1884 Sarat accompanied
:
Colman Macaulay (q.v.) to the Lachen

Valley in Sikhim, and in 1885 went with DAVIDS, T. W. RHYS (1843- )
him to Pekin: made CLE., Jan. 1886 : LL.D., Ph.D. born May 12, 1843
: :
received a reward from the Royal Geo- son of Rev. T. W. Davids educated at :
graphial Society, 1887 founded the : Brighton School and Breslau University :
Buddhist Text Book Society, 1892 made : entered Ceylon Civil Service, 1866 :
Rai Bahadur, 1896 the Royal Geo- : barrister, Middle Temple, 1877 delivered :
graphical Society published His Travels Hibbert Lectures, 1881 author of

:
in Tibet, in 1899 completed his Tibetan-

: Buddhism, 1878 Buddhism, its History
;
English Dictionary in 1902 from Sep. : and Literature, 1896 Buddhist India,
:
1 88 1 served the Government of Bengal 1902, and numerous other works connected
as Tibetan translator retired from service : with Buddhist Texts, etc. Secretary and
:
July, 1904: engaged in compiling a Sans- Librarian, Royal Asiatic Society Pro- :
krit-English dictionary. fessor of Pali and Buddhist Literatmre,

University College, London.
DAUD SHAH ( ? -1897)
Of the Lahkan Kheyl, a branch of a
DAVIDSON, ARTHUR ( ? - )
tribe of the Ghilzais : at the age of 20 Colonel son of W. Davidson

: edu- :
Army of Amir Dost Muham-

he joined the cated privately at Petersham joined the :
mad Khan and became Akbar Khan's 6oth Rifles, 1876 served in Afghan war,
:
orderly officer. Shir Ali made him 1878-80 : at Kandahar and Ahmad
captain for services rendered at the Kheyl : A.D.C. to Sir Donald Stewart at
battle of Kajhbaz on June 6, 1865, in Kabul : A.D.C. to Sir John Ross in Sir F.
: :

Roberts' march from Kabul to Kandahar 1902, including relief of Ladysmith :
and the battle there: served in Marri expedi- Brevet Lt-Colonel, and D.S.O.
tion under General Macgregor in Boer war :
with Natal Field Force, 1881, and in DAVIES, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1824
Egyptian war, 1882 present at Tel-el- : -1902)
Kebir served under Sir Charles Warren
:
I.CS. son of Sir David Davies,
:
in Bechuanaland, 18S4 A.D.C. to H.R.H. :

K.C.H., Physician to William IV :
The Duke of Cambridge, 1890-5 Equerry :
educated at Charterhouse and Haileybury,
in Waiting to Queen Victoria, 1896-1901, 1 841 -3 went to the N.W.P. in the Civil
:
and to the King C.B. in 1902 C.V.O. : :

Service, 1844 in the mutiny, served with
:
m
the troops in the Benares Division was :
DAVIDSON, CUTHBERT (1810-1862)

besieged at Azimghar, while Magistrate :
born May 24, 1810

Colonel : son of : was in the pursuit of Kooer Singh :
Sir David Davidson educated privately : Secretary to the Panjab Government, 1859:
and at Edinburgh went to India as a : Financial Commissioner in Oudh, 1864 :
military cadet, 1826 joined the 16th : Chief Commissioner of Oudh, 1865-71 :
N.I. A.D.C. to Lord W. Bentinck in Ma-

: Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab, Jan.,
dras in 1836, joined Sir R. Grant's Staff,
: 1871, to April, 1877 K.C.S.1. 1874 CLE. : :
when Governor of Bombay commanded a : 1877 Member of the Council of India,

:
regiment of the Nizam's cavalry first : March, 1885-95 died Aug. 23, 1902. :
Assistant at Hyderabad under General

Low and General Eraser Resident at :
DAVIES, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE
Baroda for 3 years Resident at Hydera- :
(1828-1898)
bad, 1857-62 : helped to bring Sir Salar
Maj-General son of Dr. S. Davies : :
Jang into office as Prime Minister in :
educated at London University College

the formidable attack on the Residency,
School entered the Bengal Army, 1839
: :
July 17, 1857 his life was attempted in :

served on the Peshawar frontier under
the Nizam's Darbar, March 15, 1859
Sir Colin Campbell appointed Assistant :
C.B. after the mutiny distinguished for :

Commissioner in the Panjab Financial :
his courage, composmre and resolution :
Commissioner, 1883 Member of the :
died Aug. 2, 1862.

Governor-General's Legislative Council
as Commissioner of Delhi was President of
DAVIDSON, JOHN (1845- )
the Executive Committee of the Imperial
Colonel son of Alexander Davidson,
:
Assemblage, 1877 C.S.I. retired, 1887 : : :
M.D. born 1845

: educated at Winches- :
K.C.S.I. : died June 12, 1898.
ter :entered the Army, 1863 joined :
the Panjab Cavalry, 1866 A.A.G. Pan- :

DAVIS, GEORGE M'BRIDE (1846- )
jab Frontier Force, 1875 served in :
Born March -29, 1846 son of Dr. W. A. :

the Jowaki-Afridi expedition, 1877-8 :
Davis educated at Queen's College,

:
D.A.Q.M.G., Afghan campaign, 1878-9 :
Belfast entered Bengal Medical Service,

:
A.Q.M.G., Waziri expedition, 1880 :
1869, and became Surgeon-Colonel, 1897

Military Secretary, Panjab Government,
:
served in Mahsud-Waziri expedition,

1885-6 Colonel on Staff, Chitral, 1896-8
: :
1881 : Miranzai expedition, 1891 Hazara :
C.B. Author of Notes on Bashgalt-Kafir

:
expedition, 1891 as P.M.O. in Waziristan :
Language, 1902.
expedition, 1894-5 as P.M.O. in Tirah :
DAVIES, THOMAS ARTHUR HARK- expedition, 1897-8 was present at :
NESS (1857- )
Dargai in China expedition, 1901
: :
C.B. in 1898, and D.S.O., 1895 is Princi- :
Born Nov. 1857 son of Ma j -General

29, :
Panjab Frontier
pal Medical Officer,
Horatio Nelson Davies educated at :
Force.
Wellington College joined the Devon :
Regt., 1876 served asD.A.A.G. in Burma,

:
DAVIS, SAMUEL (1760-1819)
1894-7 in the Afghan war, 1880
: the :
Wuntho expedition in Burma, 1892 : Went to Bengal as an officer of En-

commanded the Kachen Hills expedition in gineers was an excellent artist accom-
: :
Burma, 1893 in the Tirah expedition, : panied Turner's Embassy to Tibet in

1897, and in the South African war, 1899- 1783, but he himself did not advance
:
beyond Bhutan he was afterwards : fisheries his last appointment was as

:
admitted to the E.I. Co.'s civil service : Inspr-General of Fisheries in India, where
was District Judge and Agent to the he was recognized as the chief authority
Governor-General at Benares and had an on Indian fishes and piscicultvure. After
observatory there as a mathematician : his retirement, he pursued his studies in
and astronomer, he identified astronomical the same subject, gaining medals at
references in Sanskrit works. When several exhibitions between 1875 and 1883.
Wazir Ali, the deposed Nawab of Oudh, He was made CLE. in 1885 LL.D. of :
revolted in Jan., 1799, and murdered Edinburgh in 1889 F.Z.S., and F.L.S. :
Mr. Cherry, then the Governor-General's was Indian Commissioner at the Fisheries
Agent, he afterwards, with a crowd of Exhibition, 1883. Collections made by
followers, attacked Davis, who, on Jan. him are at Calcutta, Cambridge, London,
14, 1799, successfully defended himself etc. He wrote extensively on Fish and
and his family, standing at the top of a Fisheries, in separate works and in con-
staircase, pike in hand, until rescued by tributions to the Journals of learned
British troopers. Davis became a Direc- Societies v^Tote The Fishes of India, The
:
tor of the E. I. Co., from 1810 to 1819, and Fishes of Malabar, The British and Irish
wrote the well-known Fifth Report on the SalmonidcB, The Fishes of the Andaman
Permanent Settlement F.R.S. died : : and Nicobar Islands, The Fishes of the
June 16, 1819. Nilgiri Hills and Wynaad, The Fishes of
Great Britain and Ireland : also. The Land
DAVISON, SIR HENRY ( ? -1860) of the Perumals, 1863 Tropical Fevers, :
Was a Puisne Judge of the Supreme etc. : died July 10, 1889.
Court, Madras, Dec. 1856 succeeded :
Sir W. Yardley
as Chief Justice, Bombay,
DE, REV. LAL BEHARI (1826-1894)
in April, 1858 transferred in April-May,
: Educated at the General Assembly's
1859, to be Chief Justice, Madras, in suc- Institution, under the Rev. Dr. Duff at :
cession to Sir C. Rawlinson : died at 17 was converted to Christianity in :
Ootacamund, Nov. 3 or 4, i860. 1 85 1 authorized to preach, and ordained

in 1855 in 1857 he gave up preaching,
:
DAWKINS, SIR CLINTON EDWARD and entered the Bengal Educational

(1859- ) Department spent most of his career
:
at Hughli as Professor of History and

Born 1859 son of C. G. A. Dawkins of
:
the Foreign Office: educated at Cheltenham

English Literature he retired in his 63rd
:
year died about Oct., 1894 he wrote

and Balliol College, Oxford entered the :
: :
against Vedantism and the preaching of

India Office, 1884 Private Secretary to
:
Lord Cross, Secretary of State, 1886, and Keshab Chandra Sen {q.v.), and conducted
a Joiurnal to diffuse Christianity. His
to Mr. Goschen, Chancellor of Exchequer,
novel, Gobinda Samanta, a tale of peasant
1889 Under Secretary of State for
:
life in Bengal, and other writings, attracted

Finance in Egypt, 1895 Financial Mem- :
considerable attention wrote also Re- :

ber of the Supreme Council in India,
miniscences of Dr. Duff, 1879.
1 899-1 900 Partner in Messrs. J. S.
:
Morgan & Co. author of Appendix to:
Milner's England in Egypt C.B. in 1901, :

DEALTRY, THE RIGHT REV.
and K.C.B., 1902.
THOMAS, D.D. (1796-1861)
Bishop : born of poor parents in York-
DAY, FRANCIS (1829-1889) shire in 1796 went up to St. Catherine's
:
Son of WilHam Day born March : 2, Hall, Cambridge, as a pensioner in 1825 :

1829 educated at Shrewsbury and St.
: first class in the Law Class List, 1827-8 :
George's Hospital, London joined the : LL.B. in 1829 after being ordained,
:
E.I. Co.'s Medical Service at Madras, was a curate at Cambridge and came under
1852 served in the Burmese war of 1852-
: the influence of the Rev. C. Simeon, who
54 Surgeon-Major in 1872
: Deputy : obtained for him a chaplaincy in the
Surgeon-General in 1876, when he retired. Bengal Establishment. Reaching Cal-
An eminent naturalist Ichthyology was : cutta in 1829, he was appointed to the old
the real work of his life he investigated, : Mission church, and remained in charge of
for Government, the condition of Indian it till 1835, when he was made Archdeacon
I
::

of Calcutta: held the post till his DEB, RAJA BINAYA KRISHNA
departure to England in 1848. He was (1866- )
there offered the Bishopric of Madras, was Of the Sovabazar Raj family (Kaisthya):
consecrated, became D.D., and returned great-grandson of Maharaja Naba Krishna
to Madras as Bishop in Feb., 1850. In Bahadur (of the time of Clive and Warren
the latter years of Bishop Wilson, who Hastings) and son of Maharaja Komul
:
died 1858, Dealtry did much of his touring Krishna Deb, landowner in the Tippera
and visitation work in Upper India was :
district born Aug. 15, 1866
: educated :
an active and liberal supporter of Missions privately holds various honorary ap-
:
and Missionaries died March 4, 1861. :

pointments in Calcutta, Municipal Com-
missioner, Member of the District Board,
DEANE, HAROLD ARTHUR (1854- )
24 Parganas, Governor of the Mayo
born April i, 1854
Lt-Colonel son
: : Hospital, etc. made a Raja in 1895 for
:
of Rev. Henry Deane educated at Ips- : loyal services : given the silver Kaisar-i-
wich Grammar School entered the : Hind medal, 1902 has founded and
:
English Army, 1874, and the Indian Staff maintains a number of schools, dispen-
Corps, 1877 served in the Afghan war,
: saries and other charitable institutions :
1879-80 District
: Superintendent of promoted philanthropic objects and sport-
Police, Andamans, 1880-5 entered the : ing clubs has written Agra Reflections
:
Pan jab Commission and served as Assis- and the Early History and Growth of Cal-
tant and Deputy Commissioner till 1895 : cutta, and had a memoir written of Mahara-
Chief Political Officer with Chitral Relief ja Naba Krishna has initiated the Hindu
:
Force Political Agent at Malakand

: sea-voyage movement, founded the Sova-
Political Resident in Kashmir, 1900-1 : bazar Benevolent Society, and encouraged
Chief Commissioner and Agent to the literary institutions and journalistic enter-
Governor-General, N.W. Frontier Pro- prises.
vince, 1901 C.S.I. 1896. : ,
DEB, RAJA BAHADUR KALI

DEANE, THOMAS (1841- KRISHNA (1808-1874)
Colonel born May 12, 1841

: : son of Second son of Raja Raj Krishna of
Sir Thomas Deane educated privately : :
Sovabazar, and grandson of Raja Naba
joined the Indian Army, 1862, in Madras Krishna, the Diwan of Lord Clive was :
Cavalry attached to 21st Hussars,

:
made Raja Bahadur in 1833 from 1867 :
1863-9 Viceroy's Bodyguard,

: 1869 : was the leader of Hindu Society and in
Military Secretariat, Government of India, the van of all movements on behalf of
1877 :Staff Officer to the Controller the native community Fellow of the :
General, Supply and Transport, Afghan Calcutta University: J.P. and Vice- :
war, 1879 Director Army Remount

:
President of the British Indian Associa-
Department, 1887-8 and again 1889-98 : : tion : sincerely advocated female educa-
on special service in S. Africa, 1900-1 : tion :died at Benares on April 11, 1874.
Agent in England for Government of
India Army Studs : C.B. in 1897. DEB, MAHARAJA^ BAHADUR, SIR
NARENDRA KRISHNA (1822-1903)
DEASY, HENRY HUGH PETER Born Oct. son of Raja Raj
10, 1822 :
(1866- ) Krishna Bahadur, and grandson of

Born 1866 son of Right Hon. Richard : Maharaja Naba Krishna Bahadur, of the
Deasy, Lord Justice of Appeal (Ireland) : Sovabazar family educated at the Hindu :
educated at Bournemouth and Dublin : College was, for a short time, in Govern-
:
joined the i6th Lancers, 1888, and resigned ment service was a Municipal Com-
:
his commission, 1897 explored Western : missioner of Calcutta, and Justice of the
Tibet, 1896 : received the Founders' Peace Honorary Magistrate several times
: :
Gold Medal from the Royal Geographical President and Vice-President of the
Society for exploring and survey work in British Indian Association Fellow of the :
Central Asia for nearly three years Calcutta University made Raja, 1875 : :
created a record In motoring, by driving Member of the Governor-General's Legisla-

450 miles in 21 hours author of In Tibet : tive Council Maharaja, 1877
: and :
and Chinese Turkistan, 1901. K.C.I.E., in 1888: Maharaja Bahadur,

s
::
i8g2 : held a number of minor honorary army, and, during Sindia's absence in the
offices : died March 20, 1903. Dekkan, defeated Holkar at Lakhairi in
Sep. 1793- On Sindia's death, in 1794, De
DEB, SIR RADHA KANTA, RAJA Boigne continued to serve his successor,
BAHADUR (1784-1867) Daulat Rao Sindia. He resigned his
Born in Calcutta, March II, 1784, son of command in Dec. 1795, on account of ill-
RajaGopi Mohan Deb, and great grandson of health. He had a house at Ahghar from
Munshi, afterwards Maharaja, Naba Krish- 1783 until he left India in Sep. 1796.
na Deb, Persian Secretary and Diwan to He lived at first near London, and then
Lord Clive received his English education
: went to Paris. It was alleged that he
at Cumming's Calcutta Academy studied : advised and assisted Napoleon Bonaparte
Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian his life was : in his designs against the Enghsh in India.
devoted to cultivating and disseminating This has been completely contradicted
knowledge was the first modern Hindu
: by his grandson De Boigne during his
:
to advocate home female education, career in India maintained friendly rela-

zealously established native schools, and tions with the E. I. Co. In 1803, he
compiled in 36 years a comprehensive settled at Buisson, at Chambery, applying
Sanskrit dictionary, which was acknow- his wealth to benevolent and patriotic
ledged by learned European Societies, and purposes, to which he gave 3,678,000
by Queen Victoria with a medal. In francs. Honours were heaped upon him :
religion he was rigidly conservative and he was held in the greatest respect. He
strictly orthodox, while devoted to the died June 21, 1830, leaving 20 millions of
cause of education wrote a Bengali : francs.
reader. He was a Director of the Hindu
College Secretary of the School-book
:
DE BRATH ERNEST, (1858-
Society, established in 1818: prominently Born Dec. 12, 1858 : son of Felix
connected with the Government Sanskrit de Brath educated privately joined the
: :
College, and the Bengal Asiatic Society Buffs, 1876, and the Indian Staff Corps,
Honorary Magistrate and Justice of the 1879 served in the Afghan war, 1879-80
: :
Peace for Calcutta in 1855 President of : Mahsud-Waziri expedition, 1881 Hazara :
the British Indian Association from 1851 expedition, 1891 Dongola expedition, ;
until his death at Brindaban on April 19, 1896, as Brig-Major at Suakin Brevet- :
1867 Raja Bahadur on July 10, 1837, and

: Lt-Colonel Colonel,
: 1899 in the :
'
K.C.S.I. in 1866 was an active supporter

: Military Secretariat since 1892 Secre- :
of all public movements. tary Military Department, Government

of India, since 1902 CLE. in 1903 : :
DE BOIGNE, BENOIT, COUNT (1751- Maj-General: C.B.

1830)
A Savoyard: born at Chambery on DELAFOSSE, HENRY GEORGE (1835-
1905)
March entered the French Army
8, 175 1 :
at 17: left it in 5 years for the Russian Son of Major Henry Delafosse, C.B. :
service, and was taken prisoner at Tenedos. born 1835 educated at Addiscombe
: :
Being released, he, travelling via Alexan- entered the Army, 1854, and became a
dria, Cairo, and Suez, joined the 6th Maj-General, 1887 : served in Indian
Madras N.I. in the E.jl. Co.'s service in mutiny : at Cawnpur, as Lieutenant
was
1778, at Madras. Fancying himself neg- in the 53rd N.I. : and served with the
lected, he resigned, and, abandoning his Artillery in the siege there on June 22, :
intention of making a journey overland 1 85 7, showed great bravery in extinguishing

to Europe, joined Madhava Rao Sindia, the flames of a burning ammunition
who made great use of him to train his wagon, which was under severe fire and :
troops and loaded him with wealth. He was one of the four men who escaped in a
left Sindia in 1789, and entered into boat from the massacre of Evuropeans at the
trade, but rejoined Sindia in 1790 with Sati Chaura Ghat on June 27, 1857 in :
greater powers, and on higher terms Havelock's relief of Lucknow, and the
won for him the battles of Patau, June 20, retaking of Cawnpur in the Sikhim :
1790, and Merta in Sep. 1790, defeating expedition, 1861 in the Umbeyla cam-
:
mixed forces of Pathans, Rajputs, Moguls, paign, 1863 C.B., 1887 : : retired, 1887 :
etc. He became C. in C. of Sindia' died Feb. 10, 1905.

:: ::
ii6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

DE LAUNEY, EUSTACE BENEDICT 1807, settled at Neuchatel, died there,
(1715-1777) March 30, 181 3 : the regiment was dis-
banded in 1816, after 14 years' service
A Flemish soldier of fortune, in the under the Dutch, 21 years' under the
service of Martanda Varma of Travancore :
English.
he built the Travancore lines which were
captured by Tippoo in 1790 also the :
DEMPSTER, FRANCIS ERSKINE
fort of Udayagiri, 38 miles S.E. of Trivan- (1858- )
drum : remembered among the natives

Born July 9, 1858 son of Capt. H. L. :
as Istach (Eustache),the Valiya Kappithan,

Dempster educated at Edinburgh Aca-
:
or great captain died i777> buried at

:
demy, the Institution and University,
Udayagiri.
and at Cooper's Hill College jomed the :
DE MEURON, CHARLES DANIELL Indian Telegraph Department, 1878 :
(1738-1806) served in the Afghan war, 1879-80

Chin-Lushai expedition, 1889 Chitral :
Maj -General son of de Theodore

:
expedition, 1895 CLE. 1896 Super- : :
Meuron, justicier born 1738: May 6, :
intendent of the Indian Government

at 17 fought in a body of Swiss Marines
Telegraphs.
for the French, against the English at
Rochefort in i757» on the Florissant
:
DENING, LEWIS (1848- )
nearly escaped capture by the English :
Captain
Entered the Army, 1867, and became
joined the Swiss Guards, 1763 :
Lt-Colonel, 1893 served in Afghan :
and Colonel, 1768 as proprietary colonel :
war, 1878-9 Burmese expedition, 1886-

:
raised in 1781 the Neuchatel regiment de
88 Dongola expedition, 1896, and N.W.
:
Meuron, 1,020 strong, for the Dutch E.I.

Frontier, 1897 D.S.O. 1887, and C.B.
:
Co. reached the Cape, Jan. 1782
: sent :
1903 Colonel on StalBf, commanding 2nd

:
on to Ceylon to reinforce Suffrein to :
Class District in India since 1903.

Cuddalore, June 1783 retmmed to :
Ceylon and the Cape, and again Ceylon,

where he, then Colonel, left the regiment, DENISON, SIR WILLIAM THOMAS
of which the Commanding Officer was his
(1804-1871)
brother Pierre Frederich {q.v.) in 1795, :
Governor, and Colonel son of John :
C. D. de Meuron after prolonged negotia- Denison born May 3, 1804

: educated :
tions ceded the regiment to England at Sunbury, Eton, and the R.M.A.,
the transfer was ratified at Madras, 1797 : Woolwich joined the R.E. in 1826
:
de Meuron went to England, 1797, and made the Rideau Canal in Canada, 1827-
was occupied in recruiting, and in the 31 employed at Woolwich, Chatham,
:
negotiations for completing the transfer, on inspection at Bermuda till 1847, when,
1798 was made a British Maj -General
: as Captain R.E. he went to Van Diemen's
retired died at Neuchatel April 6, 1806.
: Land as Lieutenant-Governor, and was
knighted. From 1854 to 1861 he was
DE MEURON, PIERRE FREDRICK Governor of New South Wales and titular
(1746-1813)
Governor-General of Australia K.C.B., :
Brother of C. D. {q.v.) born 1746 : : 1856 Governor of Madras from Feb.

:
commanded the regiment de Meuron under 1861 held strong views on military
:
the Dutch in Ceylon when the English : questions, and did not conceal his unfa-
invaded Ceylon in August, 1795, several vourable estimate of the character of the
detachments of the regiment were defeat- natives of India was opposed to their :
ed : that under P. F. de Meuron held admission into the Legislative Councils

out on its cession to England, in 1795, it
: and to the establishment of subordinate
embarked for Tuticorin where de Meuron : Legislative Councils at all his previous :
was made, by Lord Hobart, Military experience made him an authority on

Governor of Ceylon, 1797-8 commanded : public works, roads, railways, etc. While
the troops there till 1799 then command- : Governor of Madras he was summoned'.to
ed at Vellore, and Arnee, while the regi- Calcutta on Lord Elgin's death and acted
ment was in the Mysore campaign of 1799 : as Viceroy and Governor-General from
took the regiment from Vellore to Madras, Dec. 2, 1863, until Sir John Lawrence
1 80 1, and left for London he retired. : assumed charge on Jan. 12, 1864. Dur-
:::
ing this time, he arranged for the con- to Bombay, managing for 6 years a new
tinuation of the Umbeyla campaign St. Xavier's there to Belgium thence : :
against the Sitana stronghold of Hindu- led the "Zambesi" Jesuit Mission to S.
stani fanatics.considering that a retirement Africa, 1879 crushed in an accident, :
from the expedition would be unwise : 1882 to Belgium, 1883

: returned to :
went home from Madras in March, 1866 : India, Jan. 1888, to be the Rector of St.
died Jan. 19, 1871 wrote Varieties of : Joseph's Seminary at Darjeeling erected :
Viceregal Life and essays on social and the St. Joseph's College at North Point
educational subjects. there, and was its Superior till his death.
May 26, 1900.
DENNEHY, SIR THOMAS (1829- )
Served in Sonthal campaign, 1855-6

DERBY, EDWARD HENRY STAN-
;
LEY, FIFTEENTH EARL OF
Indian mutiny, 1857-8 Political Agent, :
(1826-1893)
Dholpur, Rajputana, 1879-85 extra :
Groom in Waiting to Queen Victoria, Son of fourteenth Earl of Derby, thrice

1888, and to H.M. the King, 1901 :
Prime Minister born Jtily, 1826 edu- : :
K.C.I.E., 1896. cated at Rugby and Trinity College,

Cambridge M.P. for King's Lynn, 1848
: :
DENNIE, WILLIAM HENRY (1785?- travelled widely in N. and S. America :
1842) visited India, 185 1-2 Under Secy, for the :
Colonies, 1852 : Secretary for the Colonies,

Born about 1785 son of Henry Den- :
nie joined the 22nd regt., 1802, in India

1858 was in charge of the Bill for trans-
:
: :
ferring in 1858 the Government of India

served in Lord Lake's campaigns, 1804-5 :
from the E. I. Company to the Queen :

at the taking of the Mauritius, 1810 in :
the 13th regt. in the first Burmese war

Secretary of State for India from Sep. 2,
Brevet- Lt-Colonel C.B. in the Afghan : :
1858, to June 18, 1859 made Foreign :
war, 1838-9 commanded a Brigade :

Secretary became Earl in 1869
: again :
led the storming party at Ghazni: to

Foreign Secretary resigned, March, :
Kabul: defeated part of Dost Muham- 1878 Colonial Secretary in Mr. Glad-
:
mad's army at Bameean, Sep. 18, 1840 stone's Government presided over Royal :
after which the Dost surrendered: went

Commissions died April 21, 1893. :
with Sir R. Sale's force from Kabul to

Jalalabad, 1841 in the siege there, Nov. :
DE RENZY, SIR ANNESLEY CHARLES
1841-April 1842 commanded after Sale :
CASTRIOT (1829- )
was wounded was fatally wounded in a : Born May 6, 1829 son of Thomas De :
sortie on April 6, 1842 was A.D.C. to : Renzy : educated

at Trinity College,
the Queen his services inadequately
: Dublin entered the Bengal
: Medical
recognized wrote a Narrative of Cam-
: Service, 1851 present at the capture of :
Paigns in Sind, Beluchistan, and Afghanis- Rangoon, 1852 served in the mutiny, :
tan, published 1843. 1857-8 siege and capture of Lucknow,

:
1858 Naga campaign and capture of

:
DEPELCHIN, FATHER HENRY, S.J. Khonoma, 1879, as P.M.O. First Sanitary :
(1822-1900) Commissioner of the Panjab Surgeon-Gen- :
Born at Russeignies, in Belgium, Jan. eral retired, 1882

: was made a K.C.B. :
28, 1822 entered the Society of Jesus,

:
1902 author of several Sanitary Reports.
:
1842 educated at Belgium Colleges for

:
5 years : ordained : took his last vows, DEROZIO, HENRY LOUIS VIVIAN
Oct. 1859 (1809-1831)
reached Calcutta, Nov. 1859,
:
with a small pioneer Jesuit mission and Eurasian poet and teacher born in :
leopened St. Xavier's College, Jan. 16, Calcutta, April 10, 1809 son of Francis :
i860 was military chaplain at Fort

: Derozio, a Calcutta merchant educated :
William, 1860-4 when he returned to : at Drummond's Academy in Dharmtala :
St. Xavier's as Superior, raised the

: left school at14 for commercial work,
number of pupils from 100 to 500 re- : which he gave up, joining an uncle in
signed the Rectorship' of St. Xavier's, indigo at Bhagalpur. At 18 he published
Oct. 1871 went to take charge of the
: a volume of poems and obtained a teacher-
Mission at Midnapur, but was transferred ship at the Hindu College was very :
Ill DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
successful as a teacher of philosophy, but of Indian philosophy (1873). Since his
lost hisappointment, though the charges return from Russia, and residence in
against him, of propagating atheism and Berlin, from 1881 to 1889, this has been
encouraging disobedience, failed still : his main work taught philosophy at :
continued to exercise great influence over Berlin University, first as Privat-docent,

his former pupils, many of whom became then as Professor since 1889, Ordinary :
distinguished men contributed to journa-

: Professor of Philosophy at the University
lism and established a newspaper, the of Kiel has travelled much in various
:
East Indian. His name is still revered in parts of the world over the greater :
his community as a great teacher. He part of India, 1892-3. In 1904, the

died of cholera, Dec. 23, 1831 he wrote : Order of the Red Eagle, 4th Class, was
the Fakif of Jungheera and other poems. conferred upon him. Among his chief
works may be mentioned Das System :
DE SALIS, RODOLPH (1811-1880) des Veddnta, 1883 Die Sutras des Vedanta,
:
son of Jerome, Count de

Lt. -General :
1887 : On the Philosophy of the Vedanta
Salis born May, 181 1
: entered the :
in its relations to Occidental Metaphysics,
Army in 1830 Lt-Colonel, 1854 served
: :
Bombay, 1893 ; Sechzig Upanishads des
with the 8th Hussars in Turkey and the Veda, 1897 : Geschichie der Philosophie
Crimea, in all the battles commanded :
(I and II on the Vedic Hymns and
the regt. in the mutiny, in Rajputana Upanishads III-VI in preparation),
:
1894, 1899 " Outlines of Indian Philo-

and Central India, present at Kotah, :
Chandairi, Kotahkasarai, Gwalior, Powri, sophy," in the Indian Antiquary, 1902 :

and several other engagements C.B., :
Erinnerungen an Indien, 1904.
1861 Lt-General, 1877
: died March 13, :
1880. DEVIS, ARTHUR WILLIAM (1763-

1822)
DE SOUZA, SIR WALTER EUGENE Son of an artist born Aug. 10, 1763 : :
(1846-1897) at the age of 20 appointed by the E. I. Co.

Son of Laurence de Souza educated :
draughtsman to an expedition : wrecked
at Downside College, Somerset Consul :
in the Antelope went to Macao and :
for Portugal at Calcutta, 1870-8, Consul Canton, and arrived in Calcutta about
General, 1878-84 Member for West-:
1791 returned
: to England, 1795 :
minster on the London County Council, painted a picture of " Cornwallis receiving
the two sons of Tippoo Sahib as Hostages
"
1895 very philanthropic and munificent
:
in his benefactions to charities, for which for the treaty of 17^2 painted 30 pictures- :
he was knighted, 1879 Count of the :

of Indian subjects also the death of :
Roman Empire, and held other foreign Nelson in the Victory exhibited 65 pic- :
distinctions died April 13, 1897.

:
tures in the Academy, 1 779-1 821 died :
Feb. IT, 1822.

DEUSSEN, PAUL (1845-
DEVONSHIRE, SPENCER COMPTON
Born Jan. 7, 1845, at Oberdreis near CAVENDISH, EIGHTH DUKE
Coblenz son of Adam Deussen, pastor
:
:'
OF (1833- )
educated at Schulpforta near Naumburg :
studied at Bonn, Tiibingen and Berlin :

Born July 1833 succeeded his23, :
father in the title, 1891 educated at :

Sanskrit under Lassen and Gildemeister,
classical philology, theology Phil. Dr. :
Trinity College, Cambridge M.P from :
1857 held a number of appointments

teacher at the Gym-
:
at Marburg, 1869 :
in the Governments since 1862 as Mar- :
nasiums at Minden and Marburg, 1869-72,

quis of Hartington was Secretary of State
and tutor in Russian families at Geneva,
for India from April, 1880, to Dec. 1882 :
Aix-la-Chapelle, and Terny in Russia,
K.G. P.C. D.C.L.
: LL.D. : :
1872-80 taught philosophy (the sub-
:
ject to which he was chiefly devoted) and

Sanskrit, as Privat-docent at the Univer-
DEY, RAJ KRISHNA ( ? -1840)
sity of Geneva and philosophy at the
: Doctor : was the first Hindu who used
Polytechnical School at Aix-la-Chapelle, a dissecting knife, and was regarded^
1875-9. While at Geneva, his resolution therefore, as the leader of a reformation
was made to devote his life to the study in medical science among his countrymen :
:::
educated at the Hindu College, 1833-7, gallantry in an attack on Dec. 13, 1879 :
and at the Medical College, Calcutta, in the Kabul- Kandahar march and sub-
where he took his degree, 1838 accepted : sequent battle with his regt. in theBoer
:
service in the N.W.P., and placed in war: killed at Ladysmith, Jan. 6, 1900,
charge of the Delhi Dispensary, Aug., while commanding the 2nd battalion.
1839 : died 1840.
DICKENS, WILLIAM POPHAM
DEY, RAM DULAL (1759-1825) (1834- )
Born nearDum Dum, 1759 employed :

Colonel born March 19, 1834
: son of :
in a subordinate capacity in mercantile Stephen Dickens, M.D.,D.I.G.of Hospitals,

work, as a bill-collector, and a Sarkar of Bengal educated at Blundell's, Twerton,
:
ships one day, on behalf of his master,

:
Charterhouse and Addiscombe entered :
he bid at an auction for a lost ship, and the Madras Army, 1853 joined the Madras :
bought it for Rs. 14,000 he immediately :

Staff Corps: Lt-Colonel, 1879: Brevet-
was offered one lakh more for the same Colonel, 1883 Colonel-Commandant, 3rd
:
ship his master gave one lakh to Ram

:
Madras L.I., 1884 served in the Burmese :
Dulal, who, with this capital, started expedition in command of the Toungoo
business, and acquired immense wealth :
and Ningyan (Pyinmana) column, 1885-7 :
died in Calcutta, in 1825, leaving property D.S.O., 1887 C.B., 1891 on the un-
: :
of fabulous amount remembered as the :

employed Supernumerary List.
Bengali millionaire.
DICKINSON, JOHN (1815-1876)
DICK, GEORGE (1739-1818)
Born Dec. 28, 1815 educated at Eton: :
Entered the E. I. Co.'s service in 1759 :
son of a papermaker entered no pro- :
was Accountant and Director of the Com-

fession, but took up an independent line
pany'sBank rose to be the Governor of
:
wrote letters on
as a reformer of India :
Bombay, 1792-5 never left Bombay but :
the cotton and roads of Western India,

once for a trip to Bankot : died May 9,
became Honorary [Secretary of
1851 :
1818.
the " Indian Reform Society," formed
DICK, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1785- in 1853, and was made its Chaurman on
1846) John Bright's resignation of that office
in 1861 maintained a correspondence
:
Born about 1785, his father being in
with the Maharaja Holkar of Indore
the E. I.] Co.'s medical service entered the :
wrote India, its Government under a

75th regt. in 1800 served in Sicily, Egypt, :
Bureaucracy, in 1852, and Dhar not re-

the Peninsula, being present at several
stored, in1864, besides other pamphlets
battles C.B., 1814
: in Flanders at : :
and papers on Indian subjects died :
Waterloo K.C.H. in 1832: Maj-General, :
Nov. 23, 1876.

1837 K.C.B. in 1838
: commanded a :
Division in Madras, 1838, and acting C. in

DIGBY, WILLIAM (1849-1904)
C. there, 1 841-2 commanded a Division :
in Bengal, and an infantry Division in the Son William Digby

of born May i, :
first Sikh war : was killed at Sobraon, 1849 :educated privately became a :
Feb. 10, 1846, by one of the last shots of journalist in 1868 in England in Ceylon, :
the day. 1871-6 Editor of Madras Times, 1877-9

:
:
wrote some interesting articles on old

DICK-CUNYNGHAM, WILLIAM Madrasis returned to England became
: :
HENRY (1851-1900) Secretary of National Liberal Club in

Lt-Colonel : son of Sir William Hanmer 1887 connected with the Indian National
:
Dick-Cunyngham, Bart. entered the : Congress Editor of India, 1890-2

:
:
92nd Highlanders, 1872 Lt-Colonel, : Secretary of Famine Fund for Southern

1897, in the Gordon Highlanders in the : India, for which £800,000 were subscribed
Afghan war, 1879-80, in Sir Donald contested two Parliamentary seats without
Stewart's advance to Kandahar in the : success author of The Famine Cam-
:
Thai Chotiali force in the Kuram Valley : paign in Southern India, 1876-8 Indian ;
Field Force under Sir F. Roberts at : Problems for English Consideration India ;
Ali Khel at Charasia in the operations

: : for the Indians Prosperous British India,
;
round Kabul, 1879 gained the V.C. for : 1901 ; Life of Sir Arthur Cotton, etc. etc.
: ::
I20 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY

became a partner in Hutchinson & Co., DOBSON, GEORGE EDWARD (1848-
East India Merchants, 1888 CLE. for : 1895)
his honorary services in India in connexion
Doctor and Zoologist born Sep. :
4,
with the Famine Relief Funds, 1877-9 '
1848 son of Parke Dobson educated

: : at
died Sep. 24, 1904. Enniskillen and Trinity College, Dublin,
where he graduated with distinction
DIKSHIT, PANDIT SANKARA BAL- entered the A.M.D. in 1868 was F.L.S. :
KRISHNA ( ? -1898) F.R.S. F-.Z.S.

: conducted investigations
:
A member of the Bombay Educational and became the chief author on chiroptera
Department, and a well-known contri- and insectivora studied Indian bats, :
butor to the Indian A ntiquary considered :

and wrote papers about them in the
by archaeologists as an authority on the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,
astronomical and chronological systems and other scientific journals wrote a :
of the Hindus the verification of the :

catalogue of chiroptera for the British
dates in ancient Hindu records was his Museum, and was in charge of the Museum
principal subject was the first to point :
at Netley wrote also in the Encydopadia
:
out the right method of studying the Britannica, and on zoology and anatomy :
question collaborated with R. Sewell

:
retired in 1888 died Nov. 26, 1895. :
iq.v.) in the preparation of the Indian

Calendar, published in 1896 died of :
DODGSON, SIR DAVID SCOTT (1822-
fever, 1898 an enthusiastic and disin-
:
1898)
terested worker, and a winning person- Son of the Rev. J. Dodgson entered :
ality. the Array, 1838 in the Bengal Infantry : :
became General, 1888 in the Jodhpm: :
DILLON, GEORGE FREDERICK campaign, 1839 in the Afghan war under :
HORACE ( ? - ) General Pollock, 1842, from the Khyber

to Kabul in the Satlaj campaign, 1846,
:
Entered the Indian Army, 1882 :
at Badiwal and Aliwal Brig-Major at :

served in Burma, 1886-7 Lushai expedi- :
Benares when the native troops mutinied,

tion, 1889 Waziristan Field Force,
:
June, 4, 1857 A.A.G. with Havelock's

:
1894-5 N.W. Frontier, 1897

: in the :
force, at the first relief of Lucknow and

Buner Field Force Commandant 26th :
subsequent defence, until Sir Colin Camp-

Bengal Infantry C.B., 1903. :
bell's relief in the occupation of the

:
Alambagh and at the capture of Lucknow,

DILLON, SIR MARTIN ANDREW 1858 :C.B. K.C.B. 1896 died May 26,
: :
(1826- )
1898.
General born 1826 entered the Army,
: :
1843 served in Panjab, 1848-9

: Kohat : DODSON, REV. THOMAS HATHA-
Pass, 1850 Crimea, 1856 Indian mutiny,
: : WAY (1862-
1857-9 China, i860 Abyssinia, 1867-8
: : :
Born May 11, 1862 son of George :
Brig-Major,Nipal Frontier A.A.G., China: :

Dodson educated at Merchant Taylors
:
Military Secretary, Bombay Military :

and Exeter College, Oxford graduated :
Secretary, Abyssinia Military Secretary :

in 1885 ordained Deacon, 1885, and
:
to Lord Napier of Magdala when C. in C,

Priest, 1888 Fellow and Tutor of St.
:
India : commanded the Lucknow and

Augustine's College, Canterbury, 1887-8 :
Rawul Pindi Divisions, 1884-8 K.C.B., :

went out in 1889 to be Principal of S.P.G.
1887 and G.C.B., 1902 C.S.I, and A.D.C.
: : :
College, Trichinopoly, where he rebuilt the
to the Queen.
greater part of the College Fellow of :
the Madras University, 1892 retired, :
DIXON, SIR HENRY GREY (1850- )

1896, from ill-health author of several :
Born Aug. 14, 1850 son of Colonel : pamphlets on missionary work.

John Dixon educated at Bridgeman's
:
and Woolwich joined 25th regt., 1868 : :

D'OLDENBURG, SERGE (1863- )
served in the Afghan war, 1878-80 Born Sep. 1863 son of Theodore
14, :
Chitral, 1895 : 1897-8C.B.

S. : Tirah, : d' Oldenburg, General in the Russian Army:
Africa, 1901-2 Brig-General on
: K.C.B. : educated at the Warsaw Gymnasium,
StafiE : A.D.C. to H.M. the King, 1901. and at the Faculty of Oriental Languages,
s
:::
St. Petersburg where he was Private

; 1878-80 C.B. in 1872, and K.C.B. in
:
Docent Sanskrit
of from 1889, and 1898 Lt-General, 1887
: died vSep. 29, :
afterwards Professor till 1899 Member of : 1903.

the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1900
Perpetual Secretary of the Academy, 1904 DORIN, JOSEPH ALEXANDER (1802-
Cand. Faculty Oriental Languages, 1885 1872)
Mag. Sanskrit Literature, 1894 since :
I.C.S.son of a merchant born Sep. 15,
: :
1898 Hon. Secy, of the Oriental 1802 educated at Henley and Hailey-
:
Section of the Russian Imperial Archaeo- bury reached India in 1821, and joined
:
logical Society Member of Council of

:
the Financial Department, in which he
the R.I. Geographical Society Member :
continued throughout his career, never
of the Russian Committee for the Explora-
leaving Calcutta was Secretary to the :
tion of Central Asia has written on :

Bank of Bengal, 1829 Deputy Account- :
Buddhism, Indian Art, Comparative ant -General and reorganized the Indian
:
Literature edits the Bibliotheca Budd-

:
finances the first Financial Secretary in
:
hica for the Imperial Academy.

Jan. 1843 Member of the Supreme
:
Council from May 10, 1853, to May i,

DONALD, DOUGLAS (1865- )
1858 partly under Dalhousie, partly
:
Born Nov. 19, 1865 son of C. J. S. : under Canning. Against Lord Dalhousie'
Donald, Panjab Provincial Civil Service : views, he, as President in Council, advo-
educated at Bishop Cotton's School, cated the annexation of Oudh, which was
Simla joined the Panjab Police Force,
: carried out. In the mutiny, he urged the
1888 : appointed Commandant B.M. adoption of severe military measures, being
Police, Kohat, 1890 served under Sir : one of the first to realize the character
William Lockhart in the Miranzai expedi- of the revolt. His " hospitable establish-
tion, 1891 with Colonel Haughton, 36th
: ment " was remembered for many years.
Sikhs, during the attack on Samana After retirement, his name was more than
posts, and subsequently in the Tirah once considered for a seat in the Council
Field Force went to the Khyber, 1898,
: of India, but he never obtained it died :
and to Kohat, 1899. Author of Note on Dec. 22, 1872.

Adan Kheyl Afridis CLE., 1903. :
DORMER, HON. SIR JAMES CHARLE-

DONKIN, SIR RUFANE SHAW (1773- MAGNE (1834-1893)
1841)
Lt-General son of nth Baron Dormer : :
Son General Robert Donkin

of born :
born 1834 entered the 13th regt., 1853
: :
1773 educated at Westminster entered

: :
in the Crimea in the mutiny, at the relief
:
the Army in 1778 Lieutenant, 1779 : :

of Azimghar,in the campaignin Gorakhpur:
Captain, 1793 served in the West Indies,
:
A.D.C. to Sir Colin Campbell in Oudh :
at Copenhagen, in Sicily and the Peninsula, and Trans-Gogra campaign Brevet- :
and, as Maj -General in 181 1, went out in Major went to China in i860 as A.A.G.
:
18 15 to Madras and Bengal, where he at the Taku forts and entry to Pekin :
commanded a Division in the Mahratta served on the Staff Colonel, 1875 in ; :
war of 1817-8, with skill K.C.B., 1818 : :

Egypt in 1882, as D.A.G. at Alexandria, :
acted as Governor of the Cape he became :

Tel-el- Kebir, Nile etc.: Maj -General :
G.C.H., F.R.S., F.R.G.S. was M.P. for : expedition, 1885 commanded the Nile :
Berwick and for Sandwich was Surveyor :

Field Force and the troops in Egypt,
:
of the Ordnance General, 1838 died : :

1887-90 C. in C. Madras, March 6, 1891 :
:
May I, 1841 was a student, and con-

:
C.B., 1881 K.C.B., 1889
:
mauled by a :
tributed literary papers to Journals. tiger, and died from the wounds. May 3,
1893.
DORAN, SIR JOHN (1824-1903)
Born Oct. i, 1824 entered the Bengal :
DORWARD, SIR ARTHUR ROBERT
Army, 1842 served in Satlaj campaign,
:
FORD ? ( )
1845-6 Hazara expedition, 1852-3

: : Entered the Royal Engineers, 1868
Oudh campaign, 1858-9 China war, : served in the Afghan war, 1878-80 :
i860 Lushai expedition, 1871-2 Jowaki-

: : Burmese expedition, 1885-8, when he
Afridi expedition, 1877-8 Afghan war. : was made Brevet-Major and D.S.O.
: :: ,

commanded R.E. in Jamaica, 1897-9 DOVETON, SIR JOHN (1768-1847)
commanded British troops in Chinese Son of Frederick Doveton born 1768 : :
expedition, 1900, until arrival of Indian
entered the Madras Cavalry in 1785
contingent was present at action of
:
served against Tippoo, both in Cornwallis'
Tientsin Commissioner at Wei-hai-wei,
:
campaign of 1791-2 and in Harris' of 1799,
1899-1901 : commanded troops at Shang- and in the pursuit of the bandit Dhoondia
hai, 1902 commanding troops Straits
:
Waugh, under Colonel Wellesley com- :
Settlements since 1903 K.C.B. in 1900. :

manded the Hyderabad Contingent in
1 8 14, which was utilized in the Pindari
DOUGLAS, RIGHT REV. HENRY war of 1 8 17. After the battle of vSitabaldi
ALEXANDER, D.D. (1821-1875) in Nov., 1817, Doveton marched to Nagpur
to assist the Resident, Jenkins, against
Born Feb. 22, 1821 son of Henry :
Alexander Douglas, who was brother of the Appa Sahib, the Bhonsla Raja. Appa
surrendered, and his troops, after a fight,
sixth Marquis of Queensberry educated :
at Glasgow University and Balliol College,

abandoned Nagpur to Doveton, who was
Oxford ordained, after taking his degree,
:
made C.B. in 1818 and K.C.B. in 1819 :
in 1845 Dean of Capetown in 1845

: :
retired, 1820 Lt-General and G.C.B.
:
appointed Bishop of Bombay, 1868 died :

1837 died at Madras, Nov. 7, 1847.
:
in London, Dec. 13, 1875.

DOVETON, SIR JOHN (1783-1857)
DOUGLAS, JAMES (1826-1904) Son of Sir William Webber Doveton :
Born June 1826

4,son of William
:
born 1783 : to Madras in the E.I. Co.'s
Douglas : educated at Sorbie Parish military service, 1798 A.D.C. to the :
School and privately in Edinburgh went :

Marquis Wellesley, while Governor-Gene-
to Karachi in 1864 as Agent of the Char- ral: saw service in the campaign of i799-
tered Bank of India, Australia and China :
1803, against the Mahrattas, and in 1817 :
Agent in Bombay, 1865-72 Exchange :

commanded a Division in the Nizam's
and bullion broker, 1 873-1901 Sheriff :
Army commanded a Division in Madras,
:
of Bombay, 1893 and 1902 Fellow of :

1833 :K.C.B., 1838 General, 1854:
the Bombay University, 1895 devoted :

died Sep. 23, 1857.
his leisure to researches : retired in 1902 :
was author of Bombay and Western India, DOVETON, JOHN (1800 ?-1853)
1893 Glimpses of Old Bombay, 1900
; and :
wrote, in the local press, articles on the Educated as an orphan at a charity

archseology and history of W. India :
school in Madras entered the Nizam of
:
died Aug. 3, 1904. Hyderabad's Army in 1817 rose to be :
Captain Commandant. On inheriting an

DOUGLAS, SIR THOMAS MONTEATH uncle's fortune, he resigned his commission,
(1787-1868) and retired to London died on Oct. 15, :
1853. Being an Eurasian, he bequeathed

Son of Thomas Monteath born 1787 : :
nearly £50,000 to be divided between the
entered the E. I. Co.'s Bengal Army in 1806: Parental Academy at Calcutta, which
served in the Bundelkund campaigns, was thereupon called the Doveton College,
1809-10 in the Nipal war of 1815, the
:
and the Doveton College at Madras.
Pindari war of 1818, the Merwarra cam-
paign of 1820, at the seige of Bhartpur,
1826 : Lt-Colonel, 1834 commanded his :
DOW, ALEXANDER ( ? -1779)
regiment in the forcing of the Khyber and Born Perthshire
in having reached
:
the capture of Kabul, 1838 C.B. in the : : Bencoolen as a sailor, he became Secretary
Khurd Kabul and Jagdalak actions: to the Governor entered the E. I. Co.'s
:
was second in command at Sale's defence mihtary service in 1760 Captain, 1764 :
of Jalalabad until it was reheved by Lt-Colonel, 1769 he published trans-

:
Pollock was in the subsequent campaign

: lations from the Persian in 1768 and
to Kabul A.D.C. to Queen Victoria left
: : produced, at Drury Lane, Zingis, a tragedy,
India about 1845 added the name of : 1769 Sethona, a tragedy, in 1774
; he :
Douglas to his own in 1851 K.C.B and : also wrote historical works on India.
General, 1865 died Oct., 1868. : Died at Bhaglapur, July 31, 1779.
:
DOWDESWELL, WILLIAM (1761- scenery and Indian life. He wrote The

1828) European in India, Antiquities of Dacca,
Son of the Right Honble. William Tom Raw the Griffin, and other works,
Dowdeswell born 1761 entered the
: :
with many illustrations.
Army, 1780 M.P. for Tewkesbury, :
1792 was in the campaign of 1793, at

:
DRAKE, ROGER ( ? - ? )
Valenciennes, and at Dunkirk Governor :

A noted ofi&cial in the
time of Lord Clive :
of the Bahamas, 1 797-1 802 Private :
arrived in Bengal, May 26, 1737 Presi- :
Secretary to Lord W. Bentinck, Governor dent of Council and Governor of Calcutta

of Madras, 1803 : commanded a Division from Aug. 8, 1752 to 1758 ho gave :
under Lord Lake against Bhartpur, and offence to Suraj-ud daula, the new Nawab
later the Cawnpur Division : acted as of Bengal, by a letter with regard to the
C. in C. in India in 1807 : soon left India :
strengthening of the fortifications of
Lt-General, 1810 retired 1811 became : :
Calcutta the attack on the City followed
: :
a collector of valuable prints died Dec. :

Drake escaped in the last boat that left
T, 1828. J
the Fort, 1756 his desertion of his post
:
brought reproach upon him, and J Z. .
DOWDESWELL, GEORGE (1765- Holwell {q.v.), who had stayed behind,

1852) was chosen to the command Drake was :
Son of George Dowdeswell, M.D. : in

dismissed from his post by the Directors,
the E. I. Co' .8 Civil Service became :
1757-
Secretary to the Government of India :
and Member of the Supreme Council, Dec. DRAPER, ELIZABETH (1744-1778)

1 8 14, to Jan. 1820 Vice-President of the : Daughter Major Sclater
of born at :
Council and Deputy-Governor of Bengal, Anjengo, April 5, 1744 educated in •
Oct. 1817, to July 1818 died Feb. 6, 1852. : England went to India, Dec. 1757: married
:
in July, 1758, Danielj Draper, of the E.I.

DOWSON, JOHN (1820-1881) Co.'s Civil Service, Secretary to Govern-
Born 1820 assistant to his uncle at the
: ment, 20years her senior. When in
Royal Asiatic Society tutor at Hailey- :
England 1766-7, she met Lawrence
in
bury Professor of Hindustani at Univer-
: Sterne, the humourist, who became
sity College, London, and Staff College, infatuated with her, addressing her as
Sandhurst, 1855-77 wrote a Hindustani :
" Bramine " in amorous letters, and writ-
Grammar edited Sir H. M. Elliot's His-
:
ing the Journal to Eliza for her. She
tory of India as told by its own ^Historians, returned to India in 1767, and saw Sterne
8 vols., 1867-77 and a Classical Dictionary :
no more lived with her husband at
:
of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geo- Tellicherry, Surat and Bombay, but
graphy, History and Literature, 1879 wrote :
unhappily, and, on Jan. 12, 1773, fled from
also for the Encyclopcsdia Britannica, and his house at Mazagon, Bombay, with a
the Royal Asiatic Society, on Indian In- Naval officer, repairing to her uncle's at
scriptions and the Indian Alphabet died :
Rajamundry : retxurned to England in
Aug. 23, 1881. 1774. Sterne had died in 1768. She
published as Letters of Ycrick to Eliza,
DOYLY, SIR CHARLES, BARONET some of Sterne's letters to her, including
(1781-1845) her answers. She died Aug. 3, 1778, and
I.C.S.son of Sir John Hadley D'Oyly,
:
was buried in the Cathedral cloisters ;at
the sixth Baronet, Collector of Calcutta Bristol. Draper became a Member of
born in India, Sep. 18, 1781 educated in :
Council, at ^Bombay, and died Oct. 10, 1782.
England entered the E. I. Co.'s service at
:
Her name and story were recalled, 'by
15 Assistant Registrar of the Court of
:
L'Abbe Raynal, who had seen her in
Appeal, Calcutta, 1798 Collector of :
India, and by James Forbes in his Oriental
Dacca, 1808 Opium Agent in Bihar,
:
Memoirs, and some of her letters have been
1821 Commercial Resident at Patna,
:
preserved.
1831 Senior Member of the Board of
:
Customs, Salt and Opium, 1833 retired :

DRAPER, SIR WILLIAM (1721-1787)
1839 died Sep. 24, 1845. He is best

: Son of Ingleby Draper born 1721 : :
remembered for his pictures of Indian educated' at Eton and King's College,
: :

Cambridge Fellow joined the Army,
: : Gwalior campaign, at Punniar, 1843 in :
1744 at CuUoden
: in Flanders with the : the Satlaj and Panjab campaigns, 1845-6
ist Foot-Guards in 1757 as Lt-Colonel, : and 1848-9 at Sobraon, Ramnagar,
:
took the 79th to Madras in the siege : Chilianwala, Gujarat at the siege of :
of Fort St. George, 1757-9 : too to take

ill Delhi in the mutiny in the actions at :
command of the troops at Madras in Bulandshahr, Alighar, Agra at the :
T759» returned to England : in 1762 relief of Lucknow Brevets ofj Major and
:
commanded, from Madras, the expedition Lt-Colonel C.B.

: Lt-General, :1881 :
against the Spaniards at Manilla carried : K.C.B., 1893 died Aug. 7, 1900.
:
the place by assault Lieut-Governor of :
Great Yarmouth in 1765 Colonel of the :

DUBOIS, JEAN A. (1765-1848)
i6th foot knighted in 1766 : had a : Abbe : ordained at 27 in the diocese
literary controversy with " Junius," de- of Viviers, in 1792 escaped from the
:
fending the C. in C, the Marquis of Granby : massacres of the French Revolution, and,
Lt-General in 1777 Lieutenant-Governor : the same year, leaving France for mission
of Minorca in 1779 in the surrender of : work under the Missions Etrangeres,
Fort St. Philip in 1782 to the French and was first attached to the Pondicherry
Spaniards brought charges of miscon-
: mission : after Seringapatam, 1799, he
duct against Lt-General the Hon. James was invited to visit it, to reconvert the
Murray, the Governor, which he failed to forced perverts to Islam. He was 31
substantiate, so that he was commanded years in India, living entirely among the
to make an apology he died Jan. 8, 1787. : people from 17 to 18 years, chiefly in
Mysore, where he established, at Sathalli,
DREW, FREDERICK (1836-1891) an agricultural settlement of reconverted
Son of John Drew
11, 1836 : born Aug. :
Christians. His Description of the Char-
educated at the Royal School of Mines, and acter, Manners and Customs of the People
joined the Geological Survey in 1855. of India,and of their Institutions, Reltgious

He was employed by the Maharaja of and was stated to be " the most
Civil,
Kashmir, from 1862, to search for minerals correct, comprehensive and minute ac-
and supervise his forest administration, count extant in any European language
and was Governor of Ladak retired after :
of the Hindus " of S. India the Madras :
10 years. He was a science master at Government bought the MSS. from him
Eton, 1879-91, and died Oct. 28, 1891. in 1806 for 2,000 pagodas this was :
He wrote The Jammu and Kashmir translated in London in 18 16, and was
Frontiers, and The Northern Barrier of for long the only published edition :
India F.G.S. in 1858, and Member of its

:
meanwhile, in 18 15, the Abbe had revised
Council, 1874-6. ^ . r -.j'l '
'
* and amplified his work, but this was not
published until 1897. On returning to
DRUMMOND, HON. SIR EDMUND France in June, 1823, with a pension from
(1813-1895) the E.I. Co., he published Letters on the
State of Christianity in India, containing
I.C.S. : son of sixth Viscount Strath-
his conviction that the conversion of the
allan born 1813 educated at Eton and
Hindus was impossible. He became a
: :
Haileybury, 1830-1 went to Bengal in :

Director, and, from 1836 to 1839, Superior
1833 Account ant- General,
:
1856 :
of the Missions Etrangeres at Paris, where
Auditor-General, i860 Financial Secre- :
he died Feb. 17, 1848.
tary to the Government of India, 1862 :
Lieutenant-Governor of the N.W.P. 1863 DUFF, REV. DR. ALEXANDER (1806-

-8 :Member of the Council of India, 1878)
1875-85 K.C.I.E., 1887
: died Jan. 10. :
Missionary son of James Duff
: born :
1895. on April 1806 educated at Moulin,

25, :
Kirkmichael, Perth, St. Andrew's Univer-

DRYSDALE, SIR WILLIAM (1819-1900
sity, under Dr. Chalmers invited by the :
SonMajor James Drysdale educated

of : Committee of the General Assembly of
at the Militar}' Academy, Edinburgh the Church of Scotland on Foreign Missions
joined the 4th Dragoons, 1835 served : to become their first missionary to India
in the
9th Lancers, 1841-65 : in the he was ordained in 1829 and went out to
Afghan war, 1859-40 : at Ghazni : in the Calcutta in 1829-30 \\ he was twice ship-
::
wrecked on the voyage, near the Cape and Vienna, 1855 British Commissioner in
:
off Sagar island lost his library

: at : Syria in i860 to inquire into the massacres
Calcutta he declared his policy, to afiford, of Christians K.C.B. Under Secretary
: :
in the English language, education in- of State for India, 1864-6 Under Secre- :
separably combined with the Christian tary for War, 1866 Chancellor of the :
faith as its animating spirit the Duff : Duchy of Lancaster, 1868 Earl, 1871 : :
College was soon founded, and,proving very Governor General of Canada, 1872-8
successful, attracted a very large number Ambassador to St. Petersburg, 1879 :
of pupils, not without troubles on account Ambassador to Constantinople, 1881 :
of conversions. He received much help Special Commissioner to Egypt, 1882-3,

from Sir C. Trevelyan {q.v.) and from after Arabi's rebellion Viceroy and :
the decision of Government of March 7, Governor-General of India, 1884-8. He

1835, in favour of the promotion of did much, by his personal influence, tO'
European science and literature through allay the excitement and race feeling
English rather than the Oriental lan- which had arisen from the controversy
guages. During his visit home, 1834-40, over the " Ilbert Bill " in the time of his
for his health, he made speeches, collected predecessor he met the Amir Abdur
:
money, and laboured hard in organizing Rahman in darbar at Rawal Pindi, 1885 :
his mission he was D.D. of Aberdeen in

: Upper Burma was annexed on his advice :
1835. He was in India again from 1840 his administration was marked by firmness
to 1850, and from 1856 to 1863 made : and vigour underlying his tact and suavity:
extensive tours in the cause of missions : the Countess of Dufferin's Fund for the
was opposed to the Government policy medical relief of native women was estab-
in the mutiny assisted greatly in the
: lished: made Marquis in 1888, with the
establishment of the Calcutta University additional title of Ava : Ambassador to
in 1857, the shape it assumed, its educa- Rome, 1888-91 to Paris, 1891-6 his latter
: :
tional measures and examinations. When years were clouded b^ financial troubles
away from was made Moderator
India, he in connexion with a business enterprise
of the General Assembly of the Free of which he had insufficient knowledge to
Church in 1851 he travelled in the
: exercise control he retained the goodwill :
United States in 1854, and made constant of the shareholders and pubUc sympathy :
speeches, and was made LL.D., New he was K.P. G.C.B. G.C.S.I. G.C.M.G.
: : :
York he inspired the Government

: G.C.I.E. P.C. D.C.L.
: LL.D. F.R.S. : : : :
Education Despatch to India of 1854. President of the Geographical Society:

On his finally leaving Calcutta, memorials Rector of Edinburgh and St. Andrew's r
were erected to him. He travelled in Doctor of Oriental Learning, Panjab
South Africa in 1864. In 1867 he became University Lord Warden of the Cinque
:
the first Professor of Evangelistic Theology Ports, 1 89 1-5 wrote Letters from High :
at the Free Church College, Edinburgh. Latitudes, and on Irish questions also :
He was again Moderator of the General Speeches in India, 1890 : died Feb. I2^
Assembly in 1873. He wrote on India 1902.
and Indian Missions, and edited the
Calcutta Review, 1845-g, writing articles DUFFERIN AND AVA, HARRIET
in it, besides other publications chiefly GEORGINA, DOWAGER MAR-
CHIONESS OF ? -
connected with his mission work ( )
died :
Feb. 12, 1878. Eldest daughter of Archibald Rowan

Hamflton of Killyleagh Castle, County
DUFFERIN AND AVA, FREDERICK Down married Oct. 23, 1862, the (late)
:
TEMPLE HAMILTON-TEMPLE Marquis of Dufferin and Ava {q.v.),

BLACKWOOD, FIRST MAR- afterwards Governor-General and Viceroy
QUESS OF (1826-1902) of India when in India, she estabUshed the
:
Son of Price, firstBaron Dufferin, of National Association for supplying female

the Irish peerage, and of Helen Selina, medical aid to the women of India, with
grand-daughter of Richard Brinsley Sheri- the object of bringing European medical
dan born June 21, 1826
: educated at :
science within the reach of native women
Eton and Christ Church, Oxford Lord : of the higher castes, the money collected,
in Waiting, 1849-50 Peer of the United
:
being credited to "The Countess of
Kingdom, 1850 on a special mission to
:
Dufferin's Fund " : V.A. : C.I. : Grand
Cross of the Turkish Order of the Lion and near Kabul on Dec. 23, 1879 : he was an
Sun she has written Our Viceregal Life
: officer of high professional merit and
in India, 1890 : My
Canadian Journal, promise.
1891.
DUPLEIX, MARQUIS JOSEPH FRAN-
DUNCAN, DAVID (1839- ) CIS (1697-1764)
Born Nov. 5, 1839 son of David
:
Son French farmer-general, Director
of a
Duncan : educated at Edinburgh, Aber- of the Company of the Indies born Jan. :
deen and Berlin Universities Professor :

1697 : sent to sea made several voyages
:
•of Logic and Moral Philosophy in Madras

to America and India made First :
Presidency College, 1870-84 Principal :

Councillor and MiHtary Commissioner of
of Presidency College, 1884-92 Registrar, :
the Superior Council at Pondicherry in
University of Madras Director of Public
:
1720 : accumulated a fortune made :
Instruction, Madras, 1892-9 Vice-Chancel- :

Intendant, or Superintendent, of the
lor of Madras University, 1899 retired, :
factory at Chandernagore, 1730 develop- :
1899 author (with others) of Herbert

:
ed its coasting trade Governor of Pondi-
:
Spencer's Descriptive Sociology now :

cherry, 1 74 1, and Director-General of the
•engaged in writing Biography of Herbert French factories in India declared him- :
Spencer. self Nawab of the Mogul Empire and

Commander of 4,500 Horse when war :
DUNCAN, JONATHAN (1756-1811) with England broke out, i744» he sought

help from Anwaruddin, the Nawab .of
Governor: Indian Civilian: son of La Bourdonnais came to
the Carnatic :
Alexander Duncan: born May 15, 1756 :
his aid, from the Isle of France, and took

arrived at Calcutta in the E.I. Co.'s service great jealousy
Madras, Sep. 21, 1746 :
in 1772 made Resident and Superinten-

:
between him and Dupleix, who refused
dent at Benares, 1788;: suppressed scandals
to surrender Madras and defeated the
in the administration and infanticide :
Nawab's force at St. Thome : Dupleix

was Governor of Bombay for the unprece- violated the treaty with the English, by
dented time of 16 years from Dec. 27, retaining Madras, and by his treatment of
1795, to Aug. II, 1811, dying at Bombay :
them : his attack on Fort St. David

he recognized a very large number of the English attack under
failed, 1748 :
small chiefs as sovereign princes, a policy

Boscawen by land and sea on Pondicherry
which was not elsewhere adopted his :
Madras was restored
was unsuccessful :
time was synchronous with the later war

to the English in 1749, after the peace of
against Tippoo, the Mahratta wars, and
Aix-la-Chapelle. In the contests in South-
Baird's expedition to Egypt, the pacifica-
ern India, Dupleix, striving to found
tion of Gujarat and Kattiawar, in all of
French ascendency there, took the side
which he played a great part. He was
of Muzaffar Jang and Salabat Jang suc-
buried at Bombay, and a monument was
cessively against Nasir Jang for the
erected in his honour, with the inscription
Subadarship of the Dekkan,and of Chanda
" He'was a good man and a just," and a
Sahib against Anwaruddin and Muham-
scroll bearing the words "Infanticide
mad Ali successively for the Nawabship
abolished in Benares and Kattiawar."
of the Carnatic. By 175 1, Dupleix's
policy was, after a struggle, for a time
DUNDAS, JAMES (1842-1879)
successful. Muhammad Ali, at Trichino-
Son Dundas, Scotch judge
of 'George : poly, applied to the English for help.
born Sep. 12, 1842 educated at the : Stringer, Lawrence and Clive, going to
Edinburgh Academy and Addiscombe : his aid, defeated the French, Dupleix
went to India in the Royal Engineers, being badly served by his generals. He
March, 1862 became a Captain
: gained : acquired the Northern Sircars from the
his in the Bhutan expedition of
V.C. Nizam and, after Chanda's death, claimed
1864-5 for personal bravery in storming, to be, and was nominated, Nawab of the
under very trying conditions, a block- Carnatic was made a Marquis, 1752
: :
house, defended by 200 desperate men : his forces met with further reverses from
in the Afghan war of 1878-80, he and the English the French Ministers and
:
another officer were killed by an accident Company of the Indies objected to his
•on the occasion of the blowing up of a fort schemes and fighting, as being obstructive
to trade,and ruinously expensive they : after leave, as Private Secretary to Lord

insistedon peace, and recalled Dupleix, Ellenborough (Governor-General, 1842-4)
who was superseded by Godeheu, i754' was present at Maharajpur, became
ruined by him and left India, Oct. 14, Captain in 1843 was Commissioner of
:
1754 his claims, for private money ex-

: Tenasserim, 1844, until removed by Sir
pended, disregarded and unsatisfied his : Herbert Maddock, the President in Council,
services ignored he died in comparative
: in 1846 he obtained no redress in
:
poverty in France, Nov. 10, 1764 the : England. In the Sikh war, 1848-9,
greatest Frenchman in India the first : Durand was at Chilianwala and Gujarat :
to see how Europeans might rule in India Brevet-Major became Political Agent at
:
and employ native troops ambitious, : Gwalior and Bhopal successively wrote :
prescient, full of resource, will, and there largely for the Calcutta Review :
genius had great knowledge of native

: in 1856 was Inspecting-Engineer, Presi-
character inferior in the field of action,
: dency Circle, until Lord Canning made
and not a soldier he failed for want of : him Agent to the Governor-General for
support from France his statue was : Central India. In the mutiny he was
erected at Pondicherry in 1870. compelled, by the strength of the insurrec-
tion of Holkar's native troops at Indore,
DURAND, ALGERNON GEORGE to retire thence, fought several actions,
ARNOLD (1854- ) and reconquered Western Malwa C.B, :
Born March son of Maj- 31, 1854 :

and Brevet-Colonel deputed to England :
to represent the views of the Government

General Sir H. M. Durand, R.E. {q.v.) :
of India on the re-construction of the

entered the Army, 1872 served in :
Afghanistan, 1878-80 was A.D.C. to :

Army in India Member of the Council
:
Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India, 188 1-2 :

of India, 1859-61 Foreign Secretary to
:
British Agent at Gilgit, 1889-93 com- :

the Government of India, 1861-65 :
Military Member of the Governor-General's

manded troops in Hanza-Nagar expedition,
1891 : Military Secretary to the Earl of
Supreme Council, April 27, 1865, until he
Elgin, when Viceroy of India, 1894-9 ' became Lieutenant-Governor of the Pan-
author of The Making a Frontier, jab, June I, 1870 Maj -General and :
of
C.B., 1892
K.C.S.I. in 1867 he was accidentally
:
1899 : : C.I.E., 1897.
killed at Tonk on Jan. i, 1871, his howdah,
DURAND, SIR EDWARD LAW, on an elephant's back, being crushed

BARONET (1845- )
under the arch of a gateway Durand :
was thrown violently to the ground and

Born June 5, 1845 son of Sir H. M. :
picked up insensible he recovered con- :
Durand, R.E. (q.v.): educated at Bath, sciousness after several hours, but re-
Repton and Guildford entered 96th regt., :
mained paralyzed his spine had been —
1865 B.S.C., 1868: Assistant Commissioner
:
Afghan Boundary, 1884-6 Resident in

injvured— and passed away without pain.
:
No officer in India at the time had a
Nipal, 1888 retired, 1893, as Lt-Colonel
: :
greater reputation for ability, experience,
•created a Baronet, 1892 C.B. :
high principles, force of character he :
held strong views and expressed them

DURAND, SIR HENRY MARION (1812- strongly. The Secretary of State wrote
1871) " The life of such a man is an
of him :
Son of a cavalry officer : born Nov. 6, example to the Service, and her Majesty's
t8i2 educated at Leicester and Addis-
:
Government deeply deplore his death."
combe: entered the Bengal Engineers,
1828: went to India in 1829-30, in the
DURAND, SIR HENRY MORTIMER
same ship as Dr. A. Duff (q.v.) appointed :
(1850- )
to irrigation work in the N.W.P. it was :
proposed to make him Secretary of the X.C.S. born Feb. 14, 1850
: son of :
Board of Revenue, N.W.P., but instead Maj-General Sir H. M. Durand {q.v.) :
he went, in 1838, with the Army to Kabul educated at Blackheath School, and Eton
via Kandahar, and headed the party that House, Tunbridge barrister of Lincoln's :
blew open the Kabul gate of Ghazni, Inn, 1872 entered the Bengal Civil
:
July 23, 1839 : returned soon to India Service, 1873 : Political Secretary to Sir
from Kabiil : went out from England, F. Roberts in Kabul campaign, 1879 :
C.S.L, 1881 Foreign Secretary in India,
:
into the language. In 1862 he went to
1884-94 conducted the mission to Amir of
:
England, and was called to the bar prac- :
Afghanistan, 1893 Minister at Teheran, :

tised at the Calcutta bar from 1867, but
1 894- 1 900 Minister at Madrid, 1900-4
: : without any marked success. In literary
Minister at Washington, 1904 was made :
circles his memory is treasured he :
K.C.I.E., 1889; K.C.S.I. 1894; G.C.M.G., helped to promote a national drama and
1900 P.C., 1901
; wrote The Life of Maj- :
theatre produced some meritorious
:
General Sir H. M. Durand, and Helen dramas, farces and poems knew several :
Trevelyan. and European languages, besides

Oriental
Greek and Latin his improvidence and
DUTT, AKHOY KUMAR (1821-1886) failings ruined
:
a promising career : died

Born in the Burdwan District educated : in a charitable hospital, June 29, 1873.
in his village school, and at the Oriental
Seminary, Calcutta contributed to the :
DUTT, RAJENDRA (1818-1889)
Bengali Prabhakar editor of the Tattwa- :
Born in Calcutta,educated at 1818 :
hodhini Patrika, founded by Debendranath Drummond's School, and at the Hindu

Tagore {q-v.) in connexion with the Adi College joined the Calcutta Medical
:
Brahma Samaj first headmaster of the :

College, to be trained in medical science :
Calcutta Normal School was a pioneer :

after leaving the College, he opened a dis-
of Bengali prose wrote several works of : pensary at his own house and commenced
considerable merit and erudition his :
allopathic treatment, helped by Dr.
Religious Sects of India, in Bengali, is still Durga Charan Banerji in 1853, opened :
a standard work studied languages :

the Hindu Metropolitan College as a pro-
the first to publish essays in Bengali on test against the laxity displayed in the
scientific subjects has left a name as a :
Hindu College, and began to study
thinker and author of Bengali literatiure :
homoeopathy in 1857, started a business
:
died 1886. firm, Dutt, Linzu & Co., with Europeans

as partners, which failed in 1861 there- :
DUTT, CALICA DAS (1841- )

up(xi he established a homoeopathic
Born July 1841 son of Rai Goloke
3, : dispensary in 1864, Dr. Berigny came
:
Nath Dutt educated at Krishnagar

: to Calcutta, and with him began to spread
Collegiate School and Calcutta Presidency homoeopathic treatment in 1867 he :
College B.A., 1861

: B.L., 1861 served : : converted Dr. Mahendra Lai Sarkar
as a Munsif, Deputy Magistrate and iq.v.) to homoeopathy lost great wealth:
Deputy Collector, under the Bengal in business speculations was very gener- :
Government, and in 1869 was made ous : died June, 1889.

Diwan of the Cooch Behar State, where
he has remained ever since in 1883 be- :
DUTT, ROMESH CHUNDER
came member of the Cooch Behar State (1848- )
Council received the title of Rai Bahadur,

: I.C.S. born Aug. 13, 1848
: son of :
1891 and was made C.I.E., 1900.

: Isan Chunder Dutt educated at Hare's
:
School, Presidency College, Calcutta, and

DUTT, MICHAEL MADHUSUDAN University College, London passed the :
(1824-1873) Indian Civil Service Examination, 1869 :
Son of Raj Narayan Dutt, a pleader in joined the Civil Service, 1871 became a :
the Sadr Court born Jan. 25, 1824 : : Divisional Commissioner, 1894-5 re- :
educated in the Hindu College under tired in 1897 CLE., 1892 is a Fellow
: :
Derozio. When his father wished to of the Calcutta University and Barrister
marry him, he ran away to the Missionaries, of the Middle Temple has been Lecturer :
and on Feb. 9, 1843, was baptized as a on Indian History at University College,

Christian : remained at Bishop's College, London : author of a series of historical
Calcutta, for four years, 1843-7, and and social novels, and a translation of the
then went to Madras, where he lived in RigVeda and other Sanskrit religious works
great poverty returning to Calcutta,
: in Bengali, also of Civilisation in Ancient
1856, he became Interpreter in the Cal- India, Lays of Ancient India, Ramayana
cutta Police Court enjoyed considerable : and Mahabharata in English Verse,
reputation as a writer of Bengali blank Economic History of British India, 1757—
verse, which he created and introduced 1900, 2 vols., etc.
DUTT, SASI CHANDRA, RAI BAHA- 16, 1857 Capt., 1857: in 1864, Lt- :
DUR (1825-1886) Colonel and Chief Engineer, N.W.P. :
Born 1825 : educated at the Hindu died March 4, 1868, "a sacrihce to his
College entered the Government Treas-
:
devotion to his duty and his work " in the
ury as a clerk transferred to the Bengal
:
Canal Department he had a faculty for :
Secretariat, and eventually became its mechanical invention.

Registrar retired in 1873 made Rai
Bahadur
:
in 1884 he brought out in

:
:
DYCE, GEORGE HUGH COLES

(1846- )
England his works in ten volumes, includ-
ing a History of Bengal, Essays on Mis- Born 1846 entered the Indian Army, :
cellaneous SuhjectSf Great Wars of India, 1864, and became a Colonel in 1894 :
Colonel on the Staff at Firozpur, 1897-8

Half-Hours with Nature, Realities of :
Indian Life, The Times of Yore, The Wild Multan, 1898 Tochi Valley and Bannu, :
1 898-1900 Brig-General, : Allahabad,

Tribes of India, as well as his verses in
English died in 1886.
:
1900 D.A.G. Bengal, 1900-1
: served in :
Hazara campaign, 1868 Afghan war, :
DUTT, TORU (1856-1877) 1878-80 Mahsud-Waziri

: expedition,
1881 Burmese war, 1886-7
: Waziris-
Torulata Dutta, the youngest daughter tan expedition, 1894-5 and Chitral :
of Govinda Chandra Dutt, a native Relief, 1895 C.B., 1896. :
Christian convert born at Calcutta in :
1856 she and her elder sister, Aru, were

:
DYCE-SOMBRE, DAVID OCHTER-
taken to England by their father for LONY (1808-1851)
education, 1869-73 studied French at :
Born at Sardhana in 1808 great- :
Nice, and English thoroughly attended :

grandson of Walter Reinhard, called
lectures at Cambridge and St. Leonards :
Sombre (Samru) for his sombre appearance:
on their return to Calcutta, Torn Dutt his father, G. A. Dyce, commanded the
studied Sanskrit and French, and began to Begam Sombre's, or Samru's, troops
contribute poetical compositions and essays D. O. Dyce inherited a great fortune from
to local magazines, especially to the Bengal the Begam on her death in 1836 he had :
Magazine. In 1874 Aru died of consump- become a Roman Catholic and been made
tion. In 1876 Torn published a collection Chevalier of the Order of Christ. He
of her lyrics translatedfrom the French, reached England in 1839, and made a
A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields, showing figure in society married the daughter :
considerable acquaintance with French of Lord St. Vincent M.P. for Sunbury, :
and English literature, very favourably 1841-2, but was unseated for bribery.
reviewed in the English and French Press. He was treated as a lunatic and declared
She also died of consumption on Aug. 30, by a Commission to be of unsound mind :
1877 the sisters were good musicians
: :
escaped from his keeper and went to
neither of them married. Besides her France in 1843, where, in 1849, he wrote
ballads and legends of Hindustan, poems a contention against the allegations of
and translations, Toru left the MS. of a his lunacy tried to have the decision
:
French novel entitled Le lournal de set aside, but died in London on July i,
Mdlle. D'Arvers. 1851 : his will gave rise to much litiga-
tion.
DYAS, JOSEPH HENRY (1824-1868)
Born April 7, 1824 son of Capt.
EARDLEY-WILMOT, REVELL
:
Joseph Dyas of the 51st K.O.L.I. edu- :

(1842- )
cated at Delgany, Dungannon, Addis-
combe entered the Bengal Engineers
: : Born Aug. son of Sir J. E. 29, 1842 :
went to India, 1845 just too late for : Eardley-Wilmot, Bart. educated at :
Sobraon with the Army to Lahore

: at : Winchester entered the Army, i860
: :
the taking of the fort of Kangra, 1846 : Brevet- Lt -Colonel, 1881 Maj -General, :
Assistant Superintendent of the W. 1895 served in the Bhutan expedition,

:
Janma Canal prepared and worked on: 1864-5 (wounded) Jowaki expedition as :
the Bari Doab Canal project from 1850 : A.D.C. Kabul war, 1878-89
:
attack :
Director of Canals at Madhupur, 1856 : of Ali Masjid, Charasia, and taking of

in the mutiny was at Trimmu Ghat, July Kabul : C.B.
K
ISO DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
EARLE, SIR HENRY, THIRD the History of the Pars's and a Sindi
BARONET (1854- ) vocabulary about 1842 he gave up
:
India, through ill-health studied at :

Born Aug. 15, 1854 educated at Eton :
Frankfort and translated Bopp's Com-

and Trinity College, Oxford entered the :
parative Grammar noticed by H. H.

Army served in Jowaki campaign,
:
:
Egyptian Wilson iq.v.), and appointed Professor of

1877: Afghan war, 1878-80 :
Hindustani at the E.I. College, Haileybury,

war, 1883 Burma war, 1886-7 Tirah,
: :
1845 : F.R.S., 1851 Assistant Political :

1897-8 (severely wounded) South Africa, :
Secretary at the India Office, 1859 •

1899-1900 (severely wounded) D.S.O. :
called to the bar. Middle Temple, i860 :

for services in Burma.
Secretary of Legation at Teheran to the
EARLE, WILLIAM (1833-1886) Court of Persia, 1860-3 published The '•
Journal of a Diplomatist Commissioner

Son of Sir Hardman Earle, Bart., bom for arranging a Venezuelan loan, 1864 and
:
May 183318,educated at Winchester : :
1867 : Private Secretary to Lord Cran-

entered the 49th regt., in 1851 served :
borne (afterwards Marquis of Salisbury)

with it through the Crimea, exchanged
when Secretary of State for India, July,
into the Grenadier Guards in 1857 :
1866, to March, 1867 C.B. M.P. for

: :
served at Gibraltar in Nova Scotia, ;

Penrhyn and Falmouth, 1868-74 M.A., :
as Military Secretary to the General in N.

Oxford, 1875 translated the Gulisian,
:
America Colonel was Military Secretary

: :
the Anwar-i-Suhaili, Prem Sagar, Bagh-o-

to Lord Northbrook when Viceroy and
Bahar, and other works in Oriental lan-
Governor-General, 1872-76 C.S.I. , 1876 : :
guages made several journeys to India

: :
in Egypt in 1882 in 'command at Alexan- :
wrote a Hindustani grammar, Murray's

dria C.B.
: and in 1884-85, as Maj-:
Handbooks for India, accounts of his

General, commanded the Nile column
experiences in Sind, Persia, and Venezuela,
destined for Khartoum. In an attack
and the Kaisarnama-i-Hind (an account
on Arabs, entrenched at Kirbekan, he was
of the native states, etc.), and articles in
shot in the forehead and killed, on Feb.
the Encyclopcedia Britannica was F.S.A. • :
10, 1885.
died July 16, 1883.
EAST, SIR EDWARD HYDE
BARONET (1764-1847) EASTWICK, ROBERT WILLIAM
(1772-1865)
Born in Jamaica, Sep. g, 1764 : called
to the bar from the Inner Temple, 1786 : Captain born June 25, 1772 educated
: :
M.P. for Great Malvern published the :

at Merchant Taylors' school went to :
Term Reports of cases in the King's Bench sea, 1784, in the merchantêrvice pressed :
for many years, and a work on the Criminal into the Navy, 1790 soon left it entered : :
Law Chief Justice of Bengal from 18 13

: the E.I. Co.'s marine service, 1792 went :
to 821
1 knighted on appointment
: took : to Bombay joined the Indian Service
: :
a leading part in the establishment of the sailed everywhere in Eastern waters :
Hindu CoUege at Calcutta made a : commanded a ship in 1793 owned and :
Baronet in 1823 M.P. for Winchester, : commanded the Endeavour, which was
1823-30 member of the Judicial Com-
: captured by a French frigate, La Forte,
mittee of the Privy Council, 1833 member :
1799, and rescued by the English man-of-
of Council of the Royal Asiatic Society : war. La Syhille, on March i, 1799 his :
F.R.S. bencher of the Inner Temple

: :
own ship lost to him : sailed to Bussora,
died Jan. 8, 1847. Sumatra, New
Holland, Sydney, Norfolk
Island, Buenos Ayres, Monte
China,
EASTWICK, EDWARD BACKHOUSE Video, to England several times ship- :
(1814-1883) wrecked, and went through numerous

Born 1 814 son of Capt. Robert William : adventures finished his active career in
:
Eastwick educated at Charterhouse

: 1825 lost his sight in 1832, and was
:
and Merton College, Oxford Postmaster : : blind for 33 years till his death on Dec. 31,
joined a Bombay N.I. regt., 1836 early : 1865 " a skilful and fearless sailor *'
: :
devoted himself to Oriental languages : father of Captain W. J. E. {q.v.) and of

served in the Political Department in E. B. E., [q.v.) his life is recorded in A
:
Kattiawar and Sind : did literary work, on Master Mariner, by H. Compton, 1891.
EASTWICK, WILLIAM JOSEPH EDEN, HON. EMILY (1797-1869)
(1808-1889)
Daughter of the first Baron Auckland,
Captain born 1808 : son of Capt. : sister of the second Baron, first Earl {q.v.),
Robert William Eastwick educated at : whom she accompanied to India, while
Winchester went to India in the Bombay
: Governor-General, from 1836 to 1842:
Army, 1826 served in the Kolapur and
: born March 3, 1797: she published
S. Mahratta country in the Political : Portraits of the People and Princes of India,
Department Assistant to Sir H. Pottinger
: 1844, and Up the Country, 1866, and two
in Sind negotiated a treaty with the
: volumes of her Letters from India were
Amirs of Hyderabad, 1839 secured the : published in 1872 by her niece, Eleanor
freedom of the Indus to commercial Eden. She also wrote the novels The
enterprise in the first Afghan war
: Semi-detached House, and The Semi-attached
obtained supplies for Nott at Kandahar, Couple. Her writings contain an interest-
1841 to England, 1841, and did not
: ing account of the social and domestic life
return to India Director of the E.I. : of a Governor-General and his household.
Co., 1846 Deputy Chairman, 1858
: : She died Aug. 5, 1869.
Member of the Council of India, Sep. 21,
1858: retired, 1868: died Feb. 24, 1889. EDGAR, SIR JOHN WARE (1839-1902)
I.C.S. : born Sep. 16, 1839 : arrived
EDEN, THE HON. SIR ASHLEY in India, in the Indian Civil Service,
(1831-1887) in Feb. 1862 did good service in Cachar
:
in connexion with the raids of the Lushai

Indian Civil son Service : third tribes, and
accompanied the Lushai
of the third Lord Auckland, Bishop of expedition of 1871-2, as Political Officer
Bath and nephew of the
and Wells, to the Northern Column as Deputy :
Governor-General Lord 'Auckland bom :

Commissioner of Darjeeling he paid much
on Nov. 13, 1831 educated at Rugby, :
attention to Sikhim, Buddhism, and
Winchester, and Haileybury arrived in :
Tibet frontier questions President of the
:
India in 1S52 distinguished himself in

:
Bengal Excise Commission, 1881-3 :
the Sonthal insurrection, 1855 Secretary :

Chief Secretary to the Government of
to the Bengal Government from 1862-71, Bengal, 1887-91 Member of the
:
and in the Bengal Legislative Council Governor-General's Legislative Council,

employed to make a treaty with the Raja Jan., 1892 retired in April, 1892 C.S.I, in
: :
of Sikhim and as envoy to Bhutan

in 1861, 1872, and K.C.I.E. in May, 1889 died :
in 1863-4, where he was subjected to gross at Florence on June 4, 1902 devoted :
indignities, and compelled to sign a treaty himself in his later years to historical
which the British Government repudiated studies, chiefly on subjects connected
and declared w^r on Bhutan. Eden was with Northern Buddhism and modern
Chief Commissioner of British Burma, Latin Christianity.
1871-7, acting, in 1875, as Member of
the Supreme Council. He was Lieutenant- EDGE, SIR JOHN (1841- )
Governor of Bengal, 1877 to 1882, and
President of the Army Commission for Born July 28, 1841 son of Benjamin :
some months in 1879. In Bengal he Booker Edge, of Clonbrook educated :
exhibited such capacity, and attained at Trinity College, Dublin joined the :
Irish bar, 1864, and the English bar, from

such success in his administration, that
•
his retirement was universally deplored,

the Middle Temple, 1866: Chief Justice
and a statue erected in his honour in Cal- of High Court, N.W.P., 1886-98 Bencher :
cutta. He was in the Council of India of Middle Temple, 1898 Member of the :
from 1882 till his death on July 8, 1887. Council of India, 1898.
He was made C.S.I, in 1874, and K.C.S.I.
in 1878.Though last in his term at EDMONSTONE, SIR GEORGE
Haileybury, he was one of the ablest FREDERICK (1813-1864)
officers of modern times his common : son of Neil Benjamin'Edmonstone
I.C.S. :
sense and penetration were combined {q.v.) born April, 1813
: educated at :
with fearlessness and force in the statement Hailebyury, 1829-31 went to the N.W.P.
:
•of his views. in 1831 after the Satlaj campaign of

:
1845-6 was Commissioner of the Cis- thanks of Parliament and a special gold
Stalaj States : Financial Commissioner medal from the Court of Directors D.C.L. :
in the Panjab, 1853 Foreign Secretary : of Oxford after holding charge of the
:
to the Government of India, 1855, and Jalandhar and Hazara districts, he was
during the mutiny : Lieutenant-Governor in 1853 made Commissioner of Peshawar.
of the N.W.P., Jan. 19, 1859, to Feb. 27, He proposed to Government to make a
1863 : K.C.B., Dec, 1863 : died Sep. 24, treaty with Dost Muhammad, the Amir
1864. of Afghanistan with Lord Dalhousie's
:
approval, but after some doubts on Sir

EDMONSTONE, NEIL BENJAMIN John Lawrence's part, treaties were made
(1765-1841) with the Amir in March, 1855, and 1857,
I.C.S. born Dec. 6, 1765 son of Sir
: :
really the work of Edwardes. The Amir
Archibald Edmonstone, Bart., M.P. went :
and the Afghans remained quiet dmring
to Calcutta in the Civil Service, 1783 :
the mutiny of 1857. On its outbreak,
appointed early to the Secretariat, and Edwardes suggested the formation of a
became Persian translator to Government movable column for the Panjab he was :
Private Secretary to the acting Governor- told by Lord Canning to " hold on to
General, Sir Alured Clarke (q.v.) in April, Peshawar." He zealously, at this time
1798 and Sir G. H. Barlow (q.v.) in Feb.
: and after, advocated the adoption of a
1807 with Lord Wellesley in Madras
:
more Christianizing policy in the govern-
for the campaign against Tippoo Secre- :
ment of India. While on fiurlough he was
tary in 1 801 to the Government of India made K.C.B. in i860 LL.D. of Cam-
:
in the Foreign Department: Chief Secretary bridge Commissioner of Umbala, 1862-5

: :
to Government, 1809 Member of the :

and then left India for his health K.C.S.I. :
Supreme Council, Oct. 30, 1812, to Jan. 17, in 1866 : he took much interest in mission
1818 became in 1820 a Director of the
:
work in his retirement, and wrote part
E.I. Co. died May 4, 1841.
:
of the life of Sir Henry Lawrence died :
Dec. 23, 1868 : a memorial was erected

EDWARDES, SIR HERBERT BEN- to him in Westminster Abbey. He wrote
JAMIN (1819-1868)
also A Year on the Panjab Frontier in
Maj-General : son of the Rev. B. 1848-9. He has been described as one of
Edwardes born Nov. 12, 1819 educated
: : the most remarkable men that the
at Richmond and King's College, London, Indian Army has ever produced. His
where he distinguished himself in the bravery and brilliancy were universally
debating society obtained an Indian
: recognized. Sir John Lawrence wrote of
cadetship from Sir R. Jenkins {q.v.) : him as a " born ruler of men."
reached India in .1841 sent to the Panjab. :
Early in his career he published " Brahmini EDWARDES, SIR STANLEY DE

Bull's Letters in India to his cousin John BURG (1840- )
Bull in England " in the Delhi Gazette,

and Born March 1840 son of Capt.
29, :
criticising the military political

George Harris Edwardes, Bengal Army
system. He was A.D.C. to Sir Hugh :
educated at Mount Radford School,

Gough Mudki and Sobraon in 1845-6
at :
Exeter entered the Bombay Army, 1857,

:
after which Sir Henry Lawrence, Resident

and became Colonel, 1876 Maj-General, :
at Lahore, took him as an Assistant.

1885 : Lt-General, 1886, and General,
Edwardes, in 1847, pacified the district of
1896 : served during Indian mutiny in
Bannu, levelled 400 forts, and initiated
pursuit of Tantia Topi, 1858 D.A.Q.M.G.
civilization. On
murder of Vans the
:
Abyssinian expedition, 1868 Chief :
Agnew and Anderson at Multan and the

Director of Transport, Afghan campaign,
rebellion of Mulraj in April, 1848, Edwardes
1879-80 commanded Quetta District,
:
collected a force of tribesmen and, with
1881-4 N. Division, Bombay Army,
the aid of the Nawab of Bahawalpur, and
;
1887-9 :K.C.B., 1898.

Colonel Van Cortlandt of the Sikh service,
attacked Mulraj and the rebels, defeating
them at Kineyri and Sadusain, maintain- EDWARDS, SIR JAMES BEVAN
ing the war for months until General (18.34- )
Whish arrived and took Multan. He was Born 1834: educated at R.M.A., Wool-
made Brevet -Major and C.B. received the : wich entered the Royal Engineers, 1852^
:
and became General, 1891 served in : ously restored order in the city and district.
Crimean war Indian mutiny China, 1864
: : Commissioner of Umritsar, 1859, and of
Suakim expedition, 1885 Commandant : Rawul Pindi, 1868 retired, 1872 wrote : :
of School of Military Engineering, 1885-8 Journal of a Tour through Spiti, 1864

commanded the troops in China, 1889-90 died Jan. 17, 1893.
M.P. for Hythe, 1895-9 C.B., 1877 :
K.C.M.G., 1891. EGERTON, SIR ROBERT EYLES

(1827- )
EDWARDS, JOHN BURNARD I.C.S.son of William Egerton bom

: :
(1857- ) 1827 educated at Exeter College, Oxford

:
Born May 6, 1857 son of R. M. Edwards, :

and Haileybury, 1847-9 served in India, :
B.C.S.: educated at Haileybury and 1849-82 Deputy Commissioner of Lahore

:
Sandhurst entered the Army 1878, and

:
in the mutiny Commissioner of Nagpur,
:
became Major 1898 served in Afghan : 1869 Financial Commissioner of the

:
war, 1878-80, Chitral Relief Force, 1895 Panjab, 1871 Member of the Governor-
:
in charge of Gwalior Imperial Service General's Legislative Coimcil, 1 871-4

Transport Corps D.S.O. Inspecting
: :
Lieutenant Governor of the Panjab, 1778-
Officer of Imperial Service Cavalry in 82 K.C.S.I., 1879
: CLE. J. P. D.L. : : :
Central India, 189 1-6 second in command :
ist regt. Central India Horse. ELERS, GEORGE (1777-1842)

Partly of German parentage
obtained :
EGERTON, CHARLES CHANDLER a commission in the 12th regt. arrived :
(1798-1885) in Madras, 1797 served against Tippoo,

:
Born April,
1798 his father was a :
but was ill at Vellore during the siege of
clergyman educated for the medical pro-
:
Seringapatam accompanied Col. Welles-
:
fession at St. Thomas' and Guy's hospitals :

ley to Coorg and stayed with him at Ser-
F.C.S., 1819 entered the E. I. Co.'s medical
:
ingapatam as his guest for three months.
service in 1823 as an oculist to deal with His Memoirs were edited from the orginal
a special epidemic: oculist at the Eye MS. by Lord Monson and George Leveson-
Hospital, and first Surgeon at the Medical Gower and published in 1903.
College Hospital, Calcutta left India :
ELGIN AND KINCARDINE, JAMES
1847 died May, 1885.
:
BRUCE, EIGHTH EARL OF
(1811-1863)
EGERTON, SIR CHARLES COMYN
(1848- (Twelfth Earl of Kincardine) bom July :
)
20, 181 1 educated at Eton and Christ
:
Born 1848 educated at Rossall
:
Church, Oxford Fellow of Merton College,
:
entered the Army, 1867, and became
1832 M.P. for Southampton, 1841 suc-
: :
Colonel, 1895 served in the Afghan war,
was made
:
ceeded his father in 1841 :
1879-80 Hazara expedition,

: 1888 :
Governor of Jamaica, 1842, and, in 1846,
Miranzai expedition severely wounded : :
Governor-General of Canada an appoint- —
Brevet- Lt -Colonel, and D.S.O.
tan Field Force, 1894-5 C.B.
Waziris-
Dongola :
:
ment fraught with difficulties which he —
for his services he was
:
retained till 1854 :
expedition commanded Tochi Field

:
raised to the English peerage. In 1857
Force, 1897-8: K.C.B., 1903: commanded
he was sent to China as special envoy : on
the Somaliland Force from 1903. ,
j .,
his way there, he, at Lord Canning's re-

quest, diverted to India, troops intended
EGERTON, PHILIP HENRY ( 1824-1893) for China, which were urgently required
I.C.S. son of William Egerton (of the
: for the suppression of the Indian mutiny.
B.C.S., 1792-1820) born Aug. 9, 1824 : : He made the Tientsin Treaty with China,
educated at the Naval and Military securing several important objects. In
Academy, Edinburgh R.M. College, Sand- : 1859 he became Postmater-General in Lord
hurst, and Haileybury, 1840-2 went to : Palmerston's Government. In i860 he
India, 1842 served in the N.W.P. to
: was again sent to China to obtain the
1850 Magte-Colh:. of Delhi, 1855-9, but
: ratification of the Tientsin treaty, which
was on leave during the siege in 1857 and had not been carried out. He destroyed
could not rejoin till Oct., when he vigor- the Summer Palace, as a pimishment for
Chinese treachery and the murder of fessor of Physics, Presidency College, Cal-
Englishmen. In Jan., 1862, he went to cutta Meteorological Reporter to Govern-
:
India as Viceroy, arriving at Calcutta ment of Bengal, 1874-86 Meteorological :
in March. After spending the summer at Reporter to Government of India, 1886-

Simla in 1863, he proceeded on tour in 1904 Director-General of Indian Obser-
:
Upper India. He died of heart complaint, vations since 1899 CLE., 1897 K.C.I.E., : :
brought on by over-exertion, at Dharmsala 1903 :retired 1904.

on Nov. 20, 1863, and was there buried.
ELIOTT, SIR DANIEL (1798-1872)
ELGIN AND KINCARDINE, VICTOR
ALEXANDER BRUCE, NINTH I.C.S. son of Sir WilHam Eliott born
: :
EARL OF (1849- )
March educated at the Edinburgh
3, 1798 :
Academy and at Haileybury went out :
Born May 16, 1849 son of eighth Earl :

to Madras in 1817 Secretary to the :
iq.v.), who was

Plenipotentiary to China,
Board of Revenue, 1827 Member of. the :
and Viceroy of India, 1862-3 educated at '

Board, 1836 was the Madras Member of
:
Eton and Balliol College, Oxford : First

the Indian Law Commission in 1838 :
Commissioner of Works, 1886 Viceroy :

Member of Council, Madras, 1848 to
and Governor-General of India, 1894-9 :
President of various Boards in
1853 :
Chairman of the Royal Commission to Madras, 1850 Madras Member of the :
investigate the conduct of the S. African

Legislative Council of India, 1854-9 •
campaign and of the inquiry into the dis-

:
K.CS.I. in May 1867: died Oct. 30, 1872.
putes between the Scotch Churches : K.G.
G.C.S.I. : G.C.I.E. : P.C. : LL.D. of St.
Andrew's. ELIOTT-LOCKHART, PERCY CLARE
(1867- )
ELIAS, NEY (1844-1897) Born Sep. 1867 son of Col. W. 21, :
Son of Ney
born Feb. 10, 1844
Elias : :
Eliott -Lockhart, R.A. educated at Bath : :
educated London, Paris, Dresden

at joined ist West India regt., 1887, and
F.R.G.S., 1865 went to Shanghai in a
:
Indian Staff Corps, 1890 served in :
merchant's firm in 1866 led an expedition :

Waziristan expedition, 1894-5 Chitral, :
in 1868 to examine the channels of the 1895 :N.W. frontier, 1897-8, defence of
Hoang-ho river in 1872 crossed the
:
Malakand, operations in Bajaur, Mohmand
Gobi desert, nearly 5,000 miles from the and Buner D.S.O author of A Frontier
: :
Great Wall to Nijni Novgorod gold :

Campaign Captain in Queen's Own Corps
:
medal of the R.G.S., 1873 joined the :

of Guides.
Indian Foreign Office, 1874 : served at
Mandalay and in Ladak travelled over :
ELLENBOROUGH, EDWARD LAW,
the Karakorum to Yarkand, 1879 and :
FIRST EARL OF (1790-1871)
Kashgar, 1885 from Yarkand to the
:
Governor-General son of Edward, :
Pamirs and the Oxus, 1885 Badakshan, :

Baron Ellenborough, Lord Chief Justice
Balkh, Chitral, N. Afghanistan was in :
of England born Sep. 8, 1790 educated
: :
Sikhim, 1888-9 in the Shan States, 1889

:
at Eton and St. John's College, Cambridge :
-90 Agent at Mashad and Consul-Gen-
:
M.P. for St. Michael's, Cornwall, 1813 :
eral retired from the service, 1896.

: He was Lord Privy Seal, 1828 President of :
had gained a great knowledge of the the Board of Control, from 1828 to 1830,
countries of Central Asia and wrote :
from Dec, 1834 to April, 1835, and for a
several reports on his journeys he died :
third time in Sep.-Oct., 1841. He, in 1832,
suddenly. May 31, 1897. He declined, in sent Alexander Burnes (q.v.) to Lahore,
1888, to receive the CLE. decoration. and on to Central Asia was for a forward :
policy and for the transfer of the Govern-

ELIOT, SIR JOHN (1839- )
ment of India to the Crown. In Oct., 1841,
Educated at St. John's College, Cam- he was nominated to be Governor-General,
bridge (2nd Wrangler and ist Smith's and held the appointment from Feb. 28,
Prizeman) Fellow of St. John's College,
: 1842, to June 15, 1844. He desired a
1869-70 Professor
: of Mathematics, peace policy, but was never free of war.
Rurki Engineering College, 1869-72 Muir : He pushed on the Chinese war and brought
Central College, Allahabad, 1872-4 Pro- : it to a conclusion successfully. He desired
135
to withdraw from interference with ELLES,
Afghanistan, after rescuing the Kabul
SIR WILLIAM KIDSTON
(1837-1896)
captives and restoring British prestige, and
Son of Malcolm Elles educated at
eventually sanctioned Sir W. Nott's with- J. :
Sandhurst entered the 54th regt. served

drawal from Kandahar vtd Ghazni, Kabul :
and Peshawar. Pollock's Army of retri

m the Crimea, 1854-5 in the mutiny, •'
:
1857-8, at battle of Cawnpur, defeat of

bution forced its way through the Khyber
Gwalior contingent, capture of Lucknow,
to Kabul, and Afghanistan was evacuated
Hazara campaign Black Mountain expe-
in 'Ôct-Nov.,si842. Ellenborough's bom- :
dition, 1868 Burmese war, 1886-7 C.B.

:
bastic proclamation, on the recovery of the :
A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1881-90: com-

gates of Somnath from Ghazni, exposed
him to ridicule. The troops retiring from
manded in the Hazara expedition, 1891
K.C.B. commanded ist class district,
Kabul were received at Firozpur with :
Bengal, 1 890-5 in command of the Bengal

exaggerated pomp. He annexed Sind, :
Army, 1895 Lt-General, 1895 died at

by means of Sir Charles Napier's victories,
:
:
Naini Tal, Aug. 5, 1896.

in 1842, though the justification for this
act has been seriously questioned. He
interfered in the affairs of the Gwalior ELLIOT, EDWARD
KING (18II-1865)
State, where the Army had rebelled and Lt-Colonel entered the Army, 1829 : :
expelled the regent Mama Sahib he was :

joined the 43rd N.I. served in the first :
present at the battle of Maharajpur, Dec. Afghan war was Assistant to Sir H. C :
28, 1843 a fresh treaty was made with

:
Rawlinson in a political capacity at Kanda-
the State. Being disrespectful and out of har was Deputy Commissioner of Sagar
:
:
control, he was recalled by the Court ©f Judicial Commissioner at Nagpur Chief :
Directors in June, 1844, against the views Commissioner of the Central Provinces :
of the Cabinet was created an Earl:

Agent of the Governor-General for Rajpu-
in 1846 he was made First Lord of the tana: died at Nasirabad, Oct. 11, 1865.
Admiralty, and in 1858, Feb. to June, was ELLIOT, SIR EDWARD LOCKE
again President of the Board of Control. (1850- )
In this capacity, he addressed a despatch
to Lord Canning regarding the latter's Bom 1850 son of Colonel
Jan. 28, :
Oudh proclamation, which the Cabinet Edward King Elliot entered the Army, :
disavowed, and EUenborough had to resign 1868 and the Indian Staff Corps became
: :
his office. During his Indian career,

Colonel, 1898 served in the Afghan war, :
he
preferred the military to political officers, 1878-9 Burmese expedition, 1886-7
:
'•
and was unpopular with the civilians. D.S.O. Dongola expeditionary force,
:
His ability and eloquence were brilliant, 1896 C.B.

: Inspr-General of Cavalry
:
but his other qualities detracted from his in India, 1898 in South Africa, 1901-2 : :
K.C.B., 1902 Maj-General. :

practical usefulness in high office. He
died Dec. 22, 1871.
ELLIOT, SIR HENRY MIERS (1808-
ELLES, SIR EDMUND ROCHE 1853)
(1848- ) I.C.S.son of John Elliot
: born March :
Born June 1848 son of Malcolm

9, : I, 1808 educated at Winchester gained
: :
Jamieson Elles educated privately and

: his appointment to the E.I. Co.'s Civil
at Woolwich entered the Royal Artil-
: Service by open competition, 1826 served :
lery, 1867 Colonel, 189 1

: Ma j -General, : in the N.W.P. Secretary to the Board :
1900 in the Lushai expedition, 1871-2

: : of Revenue Foreign Secretary to the
:
D.A.Q.M.G. of the Indian contingent to Government of India, 1847 accompanied :
Egypt, 1882 A.Q.M.G. Hazara expedition,

: Lord Hardinge and Lord Dalhousie to the
1888 in the Indian Frontier expedition,
: Panjab negotiated the treaty with the
:
1897 commanded the Peshawar District,

: Sikhs, 1849 K.C.B brought out the
: :
1895-1900 Adjutant-General, 1900-1

: : first volume of a Bibliographical Index to
second in command of Sir M. Durand's the Historians of Muhammadan India, his
mission to Kabul, 1893 Military Member : materials for The History of India, as
of Supreme Council, April 11, 1901-5 : told by its own Historians, were edited after
C.B., 1893 K.C.B., 1898
: K.C.I. E., : his death by Professor JohnDowson (q.v.)
1903. and Sir E. C. Bayley, iq.v.) his Memoirs :
of the History, Folklore, and Distribution of Lord Harris' ill-health took much :
the Races of the N.W.P. were edited by interest in education and supported
Mr, J. Beames {,q.v.) he died at the Cape : Christian missions acquired much know- :
of Good Hope on his way home, Dec. 20, ledge of archaeology, natural history,
1853. A mural tablet in St. Paul's Cathe- numismatics, and Indian history : wrote
dral, at Calcutta, testifies to his remark- for scientific Journals on the above sub-
able abilities and attainments, his manly jects : notably on coins and Hindu inscrip-
rectitude of conduct, his gentle disposition tions : assisted Darwin and Owen in their
and noble qualities. He (like Augustus researches : his collection of Buddhist
Cleveland) {^.i'.) was called by Sir W. W. marbles from Amravati is in the British
Hunter the duke decus of the Bengal Civil Museum a member of many learned
:
Service. Societies K.C.S.I. in 1866

: F.R.S., 1877 : :
LL.D. of Edinbvirgh, 1878 became blind, :
ELLIOT, HUGH (1752-1830) and died March i, 1887.
Governor son of Sir Gilbert Elliot,

:
M.P. born April 6, 1752

: educated :
ELLIOTT, CHARLES (1776? -1856)
privately, at Paris, and Christ Church, Voluntarily passed through the college
Oxford at a military school abroad
: of Fort William judge of Fatehghar at :
served with the Russian Army against the 30 : judge of Bareli Court of Appeal :
Turks, 1772 Minister at Munich, i773-

: Judge of the Sadr Court at Calcutta, 1821 :
6 Envoy and Minister to Prussia, 1777 at

: : in 1822, to Delhi as Senior Member of the
Copenhagen, 1782-91 on a secret mission : Board, N.W.P and A.G.G. at the Court
:
to Paris, 1791 Minister at Dresden until

: of the Great Mogul returned to England, :
1803 at Naples, 1803

: recalled thence : : 1826 published a translation of the Life
:
Governor of the Leeward Islands, 1809-13 : of the Great Mogul: F.R.S. F.R.A.S. : :
P.C. Governor of Madras, Sep. 16, 1814,

: died May 4, 1856.
to June 10, 1820 died Dec. 10, 1830 : :
buried in Westminster Abbey. ELLIOTT, SIR CHARLES ALFRED

(1835- )
ELLIOT, SIR WALTER (1803-1887) son of the Rev. H. V. Elliott of

I.C.S. :
I.C.S. Jan. 16, 1803

: born son of : Brighton born Dec. 1835 : educated :
James educated privately

Elliot at: : at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge :
Doncaster and Haileybury went to : after open competition, arrived in India

Madras in 1820 specially rewarded for : in Nov. 1856 served in the N.W.P., Oudh
:
remarkable proficiency in Tamil and and Central Provinces was Secretary :
Hindustani at 20 served in the S. Mah- : to the N.W.P. Government, 1870-7

ratta country, until 1833 was a keen : Famine Commissioner, Mysore, 1877
sportsman and adventvurous with big game C.S.I. 1878
, Secretary to the Famine
:
in the insurrection of Kittur, 1824, when Commission (Sir Richard Strachey's), 1878
several officers were killed, he and another Census Commissioner, 1880 Chief Com- :
officer, Stevenson, were prisoners of the missioner of Assam, 1881 President of :
rebels for six weeks in 1843, made an : the Committee for the retrenchment of
adventurous journey to Mocha, Red Sea public expenditure, 1886: Member of the
coast of Abyssinia, Egypt and Palestine : Supreme Council, 1887-90 Lieutenant- :
Private Secretary to Lord Elphinstone, Governor of Bengal, 1890-5. He wrote

Governor of Madras, 1837-42 Member : the Chronicles of Unao, the Reports of the
of the Board of Revenue, but was sent in Mysore famine, and of the Famine, and
1845 to inquire into the maladministration Finance Commissions. Since his retire-
of Guntur appointed Commissioner of
: ment, in 1895, he has been Finance Member
the whole of the Northern Sircars till Dec. of the London School Board, and Mem-
1854, when he became a Member of Council, ber of the Educational Committee of the
Madras, till Dec. 1859. As Senior Member London County Council. Throughout his
of Council, he contributed greatly by his career. Sir Charles ElHott has laboured with
steadfast calmness, during the temporary great energy and ability in his various
absence of Lord Harris, to the preservation charges, and made a reputation as an
of peace and order in the Presidency also, : expert in Settlement, Famine, Finance,
in 1858, carried on the Government during and Education.
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY T^37
ELLIOTT, SIR WILLIAM HENRY ELLIS, ROBERT STAUNTON (1825-

(1792-1874) 1877)
Son of Capt. John Elliott, R.N. : born I.C.S. went out to Madras in 1844 was
: :
in 1792, entered the 51st regt. in 1809, Deputy Commissioner of Nagpur and Super-
remained in it until 1852 served in the :
intendent of Police in the mutiny C.B. : :
Peninsula, was at Waterloo, at Cambrai, was Chief Secretary to the Madras Govern-
in the Ionian Islands, Australia, Van ment, 1870 Member of Council at Madras,
:
Diemen's Land, New Zealand, Bangalore :

1872-7 :retired Member of the Council :
in 1852, he commanded the Madras of India in 1877 died Oct. 9, 1877. :
Brigade in the Burmese war, under Gen-

eral Godwin was at the capture of Ran-
: ELPHINSTONE, JOHN, THIRTEENTH
goon and the storming of the Shwe-Dagon BARON (1807-1860)
pagoda in April, 1852 in the capture of :
Governor and Lt-General : son of :
Donabew : C.B. and Commandant at

John, twelfth Lord Elphinstone born :
Rangoon, where he detected and defeated June 23, 1807 succeeded his father in :
a plot to kill all the English in that city :

1813 : entered the Royal Horse Guards
Maj-General in 1857 K.C.B. in 1862 : :
in 1826 was a Lord-in-waiting, 1835-7
: :
G.C.B. in 1870 General in 1871

: : died G.C.H. in 1836 Governor of Madras :
on Feb. 27, 1874. from March 1837, to Sep. 1842, during an

uneventful period : encouraged the prac-
tice of resorting to the Nilgiri hills for the
ELLIS, SIR BARROW HERBERT hot weather travelled in Kashmir and
:
(1823-1887)
Upper India returned to England in
:
I.C.S. : born Jan.

1823: son of S. 24, 1845 : Lord-in-waiting again Governor :
Herbert Ellis, a leading member of the of Bombay, Dec. 1853, to May, i860, during
Jewish community educated at Univer- : the mutiny, in which he showed his
sity College School, London University, capacity for administration, suppressing
and Haileybury went to Bombay in 1843
: : all risings and annihilating a conspiracy
served in Sind from 1851-58, acting for in Bombay. He afforded great assistance
some time as Chief Commissioner during to the Government of India by sparing
Sir Bartle Frere's absence was Chief : troops from Bombay for the disaffected
Secretary to the Bombay Government parts of the country G.C.B. in 1858 : :
and Member of Council, Bombay, 1865- raised to the Peerage of the United King-
70 Member of the Supreme Council of
: dom, 1859 died July 19, i860.
:
the Governor-General, 1869-75 K. C.S.I, :
in Oct. 1875, and Member of the Council ELPHINSTONE, MOUNTSTUART

of India, 1875-85 after his retirement he
: (1779-1859)
was an authority among his co-religionists, Governor : I.C.S. : son of John, eleventh
and a Member and Vice-President of the Baron Elphinstone born Oct. 6, i779 : -
Royal Asiatic Society died June 20, 1887. :

educated at the High School, Edinburgh,
and at Kensington went out to Bengal :
ELLIS, FRANCIS WHYTE ( ? -1819) as a "writer" in the E.I. Co.'s service in

1795 '
stationed at Benares, he had to
I.C.S. Oriental linguist
: joined at :
ride for his life when European officers,
Madras Secretary to the Board
in 1796 :
including Cherry, the Agent to the Gover-
of Revenue, 1802 Collector of Madras,
:
nor-General, were massacred there in
1810 died of cholera at Ramnad, March
:
Jan. i799» Wazir Ah, the Ex-
by order of
JO, 1 8 19. He was an excellent Tamil and Nawab of he was ap-
Oudh. In 1801
Sanskrit scholar published a commentary
:
pointed Assistant to Sir Barry Close, the
and translation of The Sacred Kiirral, and Resident at the court of Baji Rao, the
exposed the forgery of Sanskrit MSS. at Peshwa at Poona : at the battles of
Pondicherry by Jesuit missionaries he :
Assaye and Argaum, he was on the Staff
wrote papers on the Tamil, Telugu and of Colonel Arthur Wellesley, who told
Malayalam languages, and was an him that he ought to have been a soldier.
expert authority on " Mirasi right ": and He was Resident at Nagpur from 1804 to
on information regarding the Madras 1808 : was sent as Envoy to Kabul, with
Presidency. a view to establish English influence there
against the supposed French designs on ELPHINSTONE, WILLIAM GEORGE
India Shah Shuja received him at
:
KEITH (1782-1842)
Peshawar on March 5, 1809 the negotia- :
tions produced little result, as Shah Shuja Maj-General son of Hon. William
:
was himself ejected from Afghanistan in FuUerton Elphinstone, Director of the

E.I. Co. entered the Army, 1804, in the
:
1809. Elphinstone was appointed Resi-
24th foot served with distinction in
:
dent at Poona in 1811. In 1815 he
various parts of the world Lt-Colonel
insisted on the surrender of Trimbakji
:
of the 33rd foot in 1813, and served with

Danglia, the Peshwa's minister, for the
murder of Gungadhar Sastri, the minister it at Waterloo made C.B. A.D.C. to
: :
and envoy of the Gaekwar of Baroda, at George IV. 1825 became Maj-General, :
Poona. In 18 17 Elphinstone concluded 1837 commanded the Benares Division,

:
the treaty dated June 13, of Poona, as 1839-41, when, in the first Afghan war,
he succeeded Sir Willoughby Cotton as
dictated to the Peshwa, who, however,
continued to intrigue. Elphinstone was,
Commander in Chief at Kabul, towards
the close of 1841, and, on the murder of
for a time, superseded by Sir T. Hislop,
the General commanding the Army col-
Sir W. Macnaghten, on December 23,
1841, failed entirely, through old age and
lected against the Pindaris the Peshwa
:
ill-health, to take measures for the safety

eventually attacked the British force at
Kirki on Nov. 5, 18 17, and was defeated :
of the force. During the disastrous retreat
of the Army from Kabul, in Jan. 1842, he
Elphinstone's residence at Poona, library,
surrendered as a hostage of Akbar Khan :
and papers were all burnt he himself :
showed great skill and military courage :

and died of dysentery at Tezin on April
he annexed the Peshwa's territory, as 23, 1842.
ordered, and administered it, interfer-
ing as little as possible with native usages.
ELSMIE, GEORGE ROBERT (1838- )
He was Governor of Bombay from Nov. I.C.S. : Born Oct. son of 31, 1838 :
1 8 19, to Nov. 1827 : instituted legislative George Elsmie educated at Marischal

:
and had a code of Regula-

judicial reforms, College and University, Aberdeen, and
tions drawn up, and advanced popular Haileybury joined the Bengal Civil
:
education. The Elphinstone College was Service, 1858 Judge, Chief Court, Pan-
:
founded in his honour. He travelled in jab, 1878-85 Financial Commissioner,

:
Europe, 1827-9, and led a retired life : Panjab, 1887-93 Member of the Governor- :
twice refused the offer of the Governor- General's Legislative Council, 1888-93 :
Generalship of India, and declined the Vice-Chancellor, Panjab University, 1885-

Under Secretaryship of the Board of 7. Author of Epitome of Kabul Corre-
Control and a special mission to Canada. spondence, 1864 ;Notes on Peshawar Crime,
He wrote An Account of the Kingdom of 1884; Lumsden of the Guides, 1899; Field
Caubul and its Dependencies in Persia, Marshal Sir Donald Stewart, 1903 C.S.I. :
Tartary and India, 1815 his History of

: 1893.
India, 1841, for which he was called
the Tacitus of modern historians and :
EMPSON, WILLIAM (1791-1852)
The Rise of British Power in the East, Born in 1791 educated at Winchester:
edited in 1887 by Sir E. Colebrooke. He and Trinity College, Cambridge B.A., :
was not ambitious, occupied his time 1812 between 1823 and 1849 wrote
:
with study, and maintained his interest largely for the Edinburgh Review, " a
in Indian affairs, being regarded as the valued contributor on political, legal, and
Nestor of Indian statesmanship. He was literary subjects " he edited the Review :
a Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic from 1849 to 1852. His friendship with
Society. He combined through life a Dr. Arnold, begun at Winchester, con-
keenness for field sports with his love of tinued through life. He was appointed
books and the despatch of public business. in 1824 Professor of Polity and the Laws
Bishop Heber wrote of him, " Of Mr. of England at the E.I. Co.'s College,
Elphinstone everybody spoke highly " : Haileybury. His lectures, especially those
no Indian civilian has gained a greater on general jurisprudence and Indian law,
name as a statesman and a ruler. He were much appreciated by the better
died Nov. 20, 1859 a statue was erected
: students. He was much liked by his
in St. Paul's Cathedral in his honour. pupils, over whom he had considerable
influence. "
To form the mind of those 1843-6, to Sir G.
Arthur, Governor of
young men, many of whom, as magistrates Bombay Secretary to Government of
:
and judges, were to affect the interests of Bombay in the General and Judicial
thousands and millions, was to him a Department, 1854 first Director of Public
:
duty of a solemn, or rather of a sacred, Instruction in W. India, 1855-9 Addi- •
kind." He died Dec. 10, 1852. tional Member of the Governor-General's

Legislative Council, i860 Vice-Chancellor :
ENGLAND, SIR RICHARD (1793-1883) of the Calcutta University Judge of :
the Bombay High Court, 1862-3 Member *•
of Lt-General Richard England

Son :
of Council, Bombay, Oct. 1865, to May
born in 1793 educated at Winchester :
1867 : retured, 1867 : died June 5, 1893.
and the Royal Military College, Marlow
entered the Army in 1808 : served in the ERSKINE, WILLIAM (1773-1852)
Walcheren expedition, Sicily, Canada, at Son David Erskine
of bom Nov. 8, :
the Cape as Brig. -General, in the Kafir educated at the Royal High School
1773 :
war, 1836-7 went to Belgaum in 1839:

:
and Edinburgh University was a lawyer's :
commanded a Bombay Division in 1841 :

apprentice, 1792-9 went to India in:
after a repulse at Haikalzai on March 28,

1803-4 with Sir James Mackintosh at :
1842, he joined General Nott at Kandahar, Bombay he became clerk to the Small
and in the defeat of Akbar Khan at the Cause Court, a stipendiary magistrate.
Kojak in the retirement in 1842 from
:
Secretary and Vice-President to the
Kandahar, he commanded tho force
through the Bolan into Sind but his
—
Literary Society to which he contributed
:
numerous articles on the Parsis, their
operations were generally wanting in language, religion and literature, and on
success K.C.B. in 1843
: commanded a :
the Buddhists, etc. became Master in :
Division in the Crimea in 1854-5, and Equity in the Recorder's Court in 1820 :
was at Alma, Inkerman, the Redan, and was a Member of Mountstuart Elphin-
distinguished himself G.C.B., 1856 :
stone's Committee for framing the Bom-
General, 1863 retired, 1877 died Jan.
: :
bay code of Regulations he left India in :
19, 1883. 1823, having lost his legal offices on a

charge of defalcations in 1826 he pub- :
ENGLISH, FREDERICK (1816-1878)

lished his translation of Babar's autobio-
Maj -General : entered the Army in graphical memoirs from a Persian version,
1833 : in the mutiny, with a wing of the with a full commentary, a standard work.
53rd regt., defeated
1,000 mutineers, He was Provost of St. Andrew's, 1836-9 :
chiefly of the battalion C.B.Ramghar : : died at Edinburgh, May 20, 1852 wrote :
cleared Bihar and defeated mutineers at History of India under Babar and Hum-
Gopalganj in a number of other actions
: : ayun, edited by his son, 1854.
commanded the 53rd at the siege and
capture of Lucknow at Faizabad and :
ESDAILE, JAMES (1808-1859)
Tulsipur Maj-General, 1864
: died Nov. :
Son born Feb. 6,
of Rev. Dr. Esdaile :
5, 1878. 1808 graduated as M.D. at Edinburgh

:
in 1830 reached Calcutta in the E.I.

:
ERSKINE, HENRY NAPIER BRUCE Co.'s medical service in 1831 in charge :
(1832-1893) of the Hughli hospital in 1838 devoted :
himself to the study of mesmerism and

I.C.S. : son of William Erskine iq.v.) :
performed some surgical operations by

born 1832 arrived at Bombay, 1853
: :
its aid as an anaesthetic with remarkable

Commissioner of the Northern Division,
success his experiments were scientifi-
:
1877-9 Commissioner in Sind, 1879-
'
cally investigated, and he was made

87 : died Dec. 4, 1893.
Superintendent of a small hospital for
mesmerism in 1846, and Presidency
ERSKINE, JAMES CLAUDIUS (1821-
Surgeon. DisUking India, he retired in
1893) wrote Mesmerism in India and its
1851 :
I. son of William Erskine (q.v.)

C.S. : : Practical Application in Surgery and
born May 20, 1821 educated at : Medicine, Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoy-
St. Andrew's and Haileybury went to : ance and other medical works died J an. :
Bombay, 1840 was Private Secretary, : 10, 1859.

ETHE, G. HERMANN (1844- ) studied the English ordnance survey
Born Feb. 13, 1844 grandson of Karl :
was appointed by the Court of Directors
Laphe to be Surveyor General of India, 1830 :
educated at Greifswald and
:
also engaged in measurements of the great

Leipzig Universities came to Oxford in :
1872 to complete Catalogue of Persian, Arc of Meridian of India, 21 degrees in

Turkish, Hindustani and Pashtu MSS., length, from Cape Comorin to the Northern
in Bodleian Library, and to compile frontier, 1832-41 : Lt-Colonel, 1838 :
Catalogue of Arabic MSS. retired in 1843 published in 1847 an :
catalogued :
Persian MSS. in India Ofifice Library account of his work on the great Meri-
Public Examiner for Honours School of dional Arc of India between two base
Oriental Languages, Oxford, 1887-9, and
lines Member of the Council of the Royal
:
since 1893 Professor of German and

:
and Geographical Societies Fellow of the :
Oriental Languages, University College,

Astronomical and Royal Asiatic Societies :
C.B. and knighted in 1861 died Dec. i, :

Aberystwyth, since 1875. :
1866 Mount Everest, 29,002 feet high, in

:
the Himalayas on the borders of Nipal and

EVANS, SIR GRIFFITH HUMPHREY Tibet, the highest known mountain in the
PUGH (1840-1902) world, was named after him.
Son of John Evans, of Lovesgrove
born Jan. 13, 1840 educated at Bradfield
: EWALD, GEORGE HEINRICH
and Lincoln College, Oxford (Scholar) : AUGUST (1803-1875)
called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn,
Born at Gottingen, Nov. 1803 a :
1867 :joined the bar of the High Court,

celebrated Oriental scholar educated at :
Calcutta Member of the Governor-

:
Gottingen University at 20 was a Pro- :
General's Legislative Council, 1877 to

fessor at the College of Wolfenbuttel
1899 :K.C.I.E. in 1892 acting Advocate :
held the Chairs of Philosophy and Oriental
General and Member of the Bengal Legis-
languages and theology at Gottingen :
lative Council, 1895 he took a promin-:

when suspended, for political reasons,
ent part, on behalf of the public, in the
in 1837, he came to England, but returned
arrangements for composing the contro-
to Gottingen became a member of the
:
versy over the " Ilbert Bill " in 1883

German Parliament author of many
:
:
died Feb. 6, 1902.

criticalworks, especially on the Hebrew
language and Biblical history died 1875. :
EVANS, SIR WILLIAM DAVID (1767-

1821) EWART, SIR JOHN ALEXANDER
Son John Evans
of born May 25, : (1821-1904)
1767 educated at Harrow
: an attorney :
Born June 11, 1821 son of Lt-General :
from 1789 to 1794, when he was called to John Frederick Ewart, C.B. educated :
the bar from Gray's Inn wrote on legal :

Sandhmrst
at joined the 35th regt., :
and political questions was a stipendiary :

1838 exchanged to 93rd Highlanders,
:
magistrate at Manchester, 1813 Vice- :

served in Crimea and Indian
1848 :
Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lan- mutiny at Alma, Balaclava, Inker-

:
caster, 1815 in 1819 he became Recorder

:
man and siege of Sebastopol at relief :
of Bombay and was knighted but died :

of Lucknow : commanded the leading
there Dec. 5, 1821.
party of stormers at the assault of the
Sikandarbagh severely wounded lost
: :
EVEREST, SIR GEORGE (1790-1866) his left arm by a cannon-ball at Cawnpur

Surveyor-General of India born July : in Dec. 1857 C.B. Lt-Colonel of 93rd
: :
4, 1790 son of Tristram Everest

: edu- : Highlanders, 1858 commanded 78th :
cated at Great Marlow and Woolwich : Highlanders, 1859-64 A.D.C. to Queen :
went to India in 1806 to the Bengal Victoria Maj -General, 1872 Lt-General,
: :
Artillery : selected by Sir Stamford 1877 :commanded the Allahabad Divi-

Raffles to survey Java, 18 13-5 Chief : sion in India, 1877-80 General, 1884 : :
Assistant of the Great Trigonometrical K.C.B., 1887 recommended for the V.C.
: :
Survey, 1817 succeeded Colonel Lambton

: died June 18, 1904 author of A few :
as Superintendent of the Great Trigono- Remarks about the British Army, and The
metrical Survey, 1823 F.R.S., 1827 : : Story of a Soldier's Life.
EWART, SIR JOSEPH (1831- ) on his way up country in July, he heard
Born 1831 son of Andrew Ewart at Baxar of the siege of Arrah,
: that is, of
educated privately entered the E.I. :
some Government officers being besieged
Co.'s medical service, 1854 served in the :
there by mutineers after severe fighting :
Mewar Bheel Corps in the Indian mutiny :

he effected their relief, and defeated Kooer
Professor of Medicine, Calcutta retired :
Singh of Jagdishpur, all on his own
as Deputy Surgeon-General, 1879. Author responsibility he was recommended for :
of several works relating to Indian Sanita- the Victoria Cross was at the reUef of :
tion, Pathology and Snake Poisoning Lucknow in Sep. 1857, commanded the
Mayor of Brighton, 189 1-4 Knight :
Artillery at the Alambagh : at the capture
Bachelor, 1895. of Lucknow in March, 1858 : C.B.
and
Lt-Colonel : Superintendent of the Isha-
EWER, WALTER (1784-1863) pur Powder Factory: on the Army
I.C.S.: son of a Governor of the settlement Amalgamation Commission, and Inspr-
General of Ordnance, 1862
( at Bencoolen privately educated
:
the Bengal Civil Service in 1803

joined
distin- :
:
1863 K.C.S.I., 1867

:
retired,
in the Franco-
Prussian war he organized an ambulance
:
:
guished at the College of Fort William :
employed at Rajshahi, at Amboyna, service for the sick and wounded died :
again at Rajshahi, 1816 Superintendent :

Sep. 22, 1881 had great qualities as an :
of Police in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, officer, in literature, and in private life.
and the conquered and ceded Provinces

EXMOUTH, EDWARD PELLEW,
for 10 years Judge of the Sadr Court,
:
FIRST VISCOUNT (1757-1833)
N.W.P., until he resigned in 1839-40
well versed in music and astronomy :
Son of Samuel Pellew
born April 19, :
read the inscriptions on the Kutb at Delhi 1757 educated at Truro

: entered the :
Navy, 1770 served with great gallantry

I in 1822 through his telescope
F.R.S.
F.R.G.S.
died in London, Jan. 5, 1863.
:
: :
in various parts of the world

:
and was
made a Baronet in 1796 M.P. for Barn- :
:
EYRE, HENRY (1834- )

staple, 1802 Naval C. in C. in the East
:
Born Feb. 4, 1834 son of Rev. C. W. Indies in 1804, and Rear Admiral de- :
:
Eyre : educated at Harrow and Christ stroyed the Dutch ships of war, 1807
Church, Oxford enforced strict discipline, and reduced the
joined 2nd Battalion
:
Rifle Brigade, 1855 present at siege and:

amount of punishment Vice Admiral,. :
fall ofSebastopol 1808, returned to England C. in C. in

A.D.C. to Lt-General,
:
:
Sir W. Eyre, 1855

the North Sea, 1810 in the Mediter- :
served with Rifle :
Brigade through the Indian mutiny, ranean, 181 1 at Plymouth, 1817-21 : :
1857-8 present at taking of Lucknow,

:
made a Peer, 1814 K.C.B. and G.C.B., :
siege of Kalpi, etc. commanded 4th :

1815 :bombarded Algiers, 1816 died :
Notts R.V., 1865-92 C.B., 1897. :

Jan. 23, 1833.
EYRE, SIR VINCENT (1811-1881)

FABRICIUS, REV. JOHN PHILIP
General: son of Capt. Henry Eyre: (1714-1791)
born Jan. 22, 1811 educated at Norwich
: Danish Missionary native of Frank- :
Grammar School, at Addiscombe and fort-on-the-Maine graduate of Halle a : :
joined the Bengal Artillery, 1828 : was, Lutheran arrived in India, 1740
: went :
in 1839, Commissary of Ordnance to the to Madras in service of S.P.C.K., 1742 :
Kabul Field Force took ordnance stores

: assisted at the English Church when re-
to Kabul in 1840 after the rising in
: quired when Fort St. George surrendered
:
Nov. 1 84 1, Eyre and his family started, to the French, 1746, he took refuge at the
in Jan. 1842, for India, but were detained Dutch settlement at Pulicat and again,, :
by Akbar Khan as hostages

he pub- : when Count Lally and his army appeared
lished a journal of his 9 months' captivity, in Dec. 1758 returned, on the raising of
:
which terminated on Sep. 21, 1842 he : the siege, to Vepery plundered by the :
returned to India with Pollock's force : Muhammadans ministered at Vellore, :
commanded the Artillery of the Gwalior 1772-3 up to 1780, greatly trusted by

:
contingent, 1844 was at Thayetmyo in

: Government and the people mismanaged :
Burma in 1857, but was recalled" to India : the fimds imprisoned for debt for iS
:
months, 1787-9 relieved by Gericke : commenced the publication of the Fauna
iq.v.) 1788, as head of the Vepery
in Antigua Sivalensis. From 1848 to 1855 he
Mission and school died there, 1791 a : '•
was, on Dr. Wallich's death. Superinten-
Tamil scholar partly translated the
: dent of the Botanic Garden at Sibpur,
New Testament into Tamil compiled a : Howrah, opposite to Calcutta Professor :
Tamil Dictionary, and wrote Lyrics in of Botany in the Calcutta Medical College :
Tamil. and adviser of the Government of India

on vegetable products: wrote on teak,
FAGAN, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE cinchona, fossils, etc. : after retirement,
FORBES ( ? ,- ) he continued his studies in palaeontology,
Educatedat Harrow joined the Army, :
fossil mammals and pre-historic man:
1875 Lt-Colonel, 1901
: served in the :
visited museums, served on a Royal Com-
Afghan war, 1879-80 Asst. Dist. Super- :
mission on the sanitary condition of
India, writing papers on his own subjects :
intendent of Police, Panjab, 1885 Assist- :
ant Resident, Hyderabad, 1892 Assistant :

F.R.S. 1845 in : Vice-President of the
Political Agent, Bussora, 1897 Political :
Royal Society : he died Jan. 31, 1865.
Agent, Muscat, 1898, Kotah, 1900 :
A selection of his palaeontological papers
Political Agent, Ulwar, Rajputana, since

was published under the editorship of Dr.
Murchison.
1901.
FALCONER, FORBES (1805-1853)

FALKLAND, LUCIUS BENTINCK
GARY, TENTH VISCOUNT
Born Sep. 10, 1805 son of Gilbert :
, (1803-1884)
Falconer : educated at Marischal College,
Aberdeen : early studied Oriental lan- Son Lord of the
of the ninth Viscount :
guages, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian at

Bedchamber to King William IV, 1830,
Aberdeen, at Paris for 5 years, and at and to Queen Victoria, 1839 representa- :
German Universities Professor of Oriental :

tive Peer of Scotland, 183 1-2 : made a
Languages at University College, London :
Peer of the United Kingdom : Lord-in-
translated from the Bostan, and two Waiting, 1837-9 Governor of Nova :
poems of J ami, and other poets : pub- Scotia, 1840-f Captain of the Yeomen of
•
lished a Persian Grammar : M.R.A.S., the Guard, 1846-8 Governor of Bom- :
London and Paris died Nov. bay, 1848-53 G.C.H., 1831 P.C,: :
: 7, 1853.
1837 died at Montpelier, France, March
:
FALCONER, HUGH (1808-1865) 12, 1884.
Botanist son of David Falconer

:
FALLON, S. W. (1817-1880)
born Feb. 29, 1808 educated at Forres :
and Aberdeen University M.D. of :

Born at Calcutta, 1817 : entered the
Edinburgh in 1829 studied geology and :
Bengal Education Department in his 20th
Indian fossils joined the E.I. Co.'s
:
year was Inspector of Schools in 1857,
: :
medical service in Bengal, 1830 suc- :

published a Hindustani-English Law and
ceeded Dr. Roylein 1832 as Superintendent Commercial Dictionary Phil. Dr. of :
of the Botanic Gardens, Saharanpur :

Halle published, 1875-9, his Hindustani-
:
made, with other officers, important dis- English Dictionary, illustrated from Hin-
coveries of fossils, mammals and reptiles dustani literature and folklore and part :
in the Sivalik hills served on the Tea :

of an English-Hindustani Dictionary
Commission of 1834, and superintended retired, 1875 resided at Delhi
: to :
the manufacture of the first Indian tea :

England, 1880 died Oct. 3, 1880. :
he travelled in 1837-8 to Kashmir and

Beluchistan, and in the Astor Valley dis-
FANE, SIR HENRY (1778-1840)
covered assafaetida contributed many : General born Nov. 26, 1778
: son of :
plants and fruit trees from Kashmir to Hon. Henry Fane, and grandson of the
Saharanpur while in England, 1843-
: eighth Earl of Westmoreland entered :
7, he wrote on geology, fossils and the Dragoon Guards, 1792 M.P. for Lyme :
botany, his botanical collections and work Regis, then a family borough, 1796-1818 :
being subsequently utilized was engaged : Lt-Colonel, i797 A.D.C. to George III. : :
on the arrangement and exhibition of saw much service, chiefly in cavalry com-
Indian fossils in the British Museum he : mands, through the Peninsular campaign :
K.C.B. Lt-General,
: 1819 G.C.B., : the Government gunpowder factory at
1825 Master-General of the Ordnance and
: Pulta made Superintendent of the factory,
:
M.P. for Sandwich, 1829 General, 1837 : : and, later, sole contractor thus acquired :
C. in C. in India, 1835-9 objected so : a fortune returned to England, and be-

:
strongly to the policy of the first Afghan came partner in the agency house, Basset,
war that he resigned his appointment, but Farquhar & Co., and in Whitbread's
his resignation was not accepted his : Brewery, He was a curious mixture of
health failing, he resigned again in 1839, penuriousness and largeness in expendi-
and died on the voyage home, off the ture at his pleasure bought Fonthill Abbey :
Azores, on March 24, 1840. in 1822 for ;f 330,000 he was a good :
scholar, excellent in the sciences, and

FANE, WALTER (1828-1885) greatly admired the Brahmanical system :
Son of Rev. Edward Fane born 1828 : :

died July 6, 1826, leaving a million and a
Army, 1845 in the Pan jab half.
entered the :
Irregular Cavalry, 1849-57 in several :

FAUSBOLL, MICHAEL VIGGO
N.W. frontier expeditions in the pursuit :
(1821- )
and capture of Tantia Topi, 1859 Cap- :
in the Madras Staff Corps

Son of Rev. Christian Nissen FausboU :
tain, i860 : :
raised a regiment of
born Sep. 22, 1821, in Jutland educated :
Colonel, 1875 :
irregular cavalry for the China war, i860 :

at a Latin Grammar School, Aarhus, 1834
-8 and at Copenhagen University from
at the Peiho forts commanded " Fane's :
:
1838, studying Oriental languages under

Horse " at Sinho, Chinkiawhaw, and the
Maj-General, N. L. Westergaard {q.v.) University :
capture of Pekin C.B. : :
Gold Medallist, 1843 Assistant Librarian :
1879 : died June 16, 1885.

at the University Library, Copenhagen,
FANSHAWE, SIR ARTHUR UPTON 1861-78 Professor of Indian Philology
:
(1848- )
and Sanskrit at that University, 1 878-1 902 :
Member of Royal Danish Society of Sciences,

I.C.S. son of Rev. J.
: Fanshawe :
Bopp's Prizeman, 1888 Hon.
1876 : :
educated at Repton entered the Bengal

M.R.A.S. 1890 Commander of the Order of
:
:
Civil Service, 1871 served in the Central :

Dannebrog, and possessor of the Silver Cross
Provinces Postmaster General, Bombay,
of that Order founded the study of Pali in
:
:
1882 Officiating Secretary in the Finance

:
Europe, and was called the " Father of
and Commerce Department to the Govern- Pali study " has published the Dhammap-
:
ment of India, 1888 Director-General :

adani, 1855 the Suttanipata, 1-2, 1885-
:
of the Post Office, India, 1889 C.S.I., :

an Indian
94 the Jataka, 1-7, 1877-97
: :
1896 K.C.I.E., 1903.

:
Mythology according to the Mahabharata,
1902.
FARRUKHABAD, AHMAD KHAN
BANGASH, NAWAB OF FAWCETT, HENRY (1833-1884)
( ? -1771) born Aug.
Son of William Fawcett, J.P. :
Son of Muhammad Khan Bangash, 26, 1833 educated at Alderbury, Queen-

:
ISTawab : collected a force of Afghans and wood, King's College, London, Peterhouse
defeated and slew the Deputy of the Wazir and Trinity Hall, Cambridge seventh :
Safdar Jang, who had confiscated terri- Wrangler and Fellow, 1856 totally lost :
tories belonging to his family, 1750 '•
his sight by an accident out shooting, Sep.

the Wazir called in the Mahrattas, which 1858 wrote a Manual of Political Economy,
:
led to his ultimate ruin reigned till his : and frequently on political and economic
death in Nov. 1771. subjects elected Professor of Pol. Econy.
:
at Cambridge, 1863 M.P. for Brighton, :
FARQUHAR, JOHN (1761-1826) 1865 and 1868 for Hackney, 1874 and :
Born in 175 1 of poor parents in Scot- 1880 adopted, as a Radical member, an

:
land went to Bombay in the E.I. Co.'s

:
independent line in public measures for :
military service incapacitated for active : his marked interest in Indian affairs he
service by a wound transferred to Bengal :
was known as the " Member for India " :
became a free merchant and learnt dwelling on the poverty of India, he

chemistry. Lord Cornwallis employed strenuously advocated economy, justice
Jhim to inquire into the circumstances of to the Indian revenues, and the native
interests. Thus, he opposed the charging the Duke of Edinburgh on his Indian tour,
of the Ball to the Sultan (1867) upon Indian 1869-70, and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
revenues by his persistence the Com-
: on his Indian tour, 1875-6 author of :
mittees on Indian finance were appointed The Thanatophidia of India of many :
1 871-4 he spoke fully and forcibly on

: medical works on Tropical Diseases
Indian budgets was a member of the : Life of Sir Ranald Martin, C.B., Recol-
Committee on Indian Public Works, 1878 : lections of My Life, etc. : K.C.S.I. : first
opposed the Malta expedition, 1878, and Baronet, 1896 Physician Extraordinary :
the debit of any of the charge to India : to H.M. the King since 1901 F.R.C.P. : :
opposed the Afghan war, 1878-80 wrote : F.R.S. : LL.D., Edinburgh Member of :
on Indian Finance in the Nineteenth many foreign Medical Academies and :
Century, 1879 his views, though con- : President and Member of Medical Societies
tested at the time, since generally accepted in England.
his knowledge and character gained him
great respect and influence in Indian FEER, HENRI LEON (1830-1902)
affairs as Postmaster-General, from
:
Born at Rouen, Nov. 22, 1830 : Pro-
1880, effected many administrative im-
fessor of Tibetan, 1864, at the Bibliotheque
provements P.C. F.R.S., 1882 : D.C.L. : :
Nationale, Paris, and at the £cole des
Oxford, 1881: Doctor of Political Economy,
Langues Orientales, 1865 : Lecturer in
Wurzburg, 1882 : a corresponding member Tibetan and Mongol at the College de
of the Institute of France, LL.D. 1884 :
France, 1869 Librarian of the MSS. :
and Lord Rector Glasgow University, of

Department of the National Library,
1883 : died at Cambridge, Nov. 6, 1884 :
Paris, 1872 and, later, Conservateur- :
a national monument to him placed in

Ad joint wrote in the learned French
:
Westminster Abbey. Reviews knew Tibetan, Mongol, Sanskrit

:
and Pali translated from Tibetan was

: :
FAY, MRS. ? -1817) ( learned in Buddhist literature by his :
Wife of Anthony Fay, a barrister of translations, made known the Buddhist

Lincoln's Inn, who went to India to literature of Nipal and Tibet wrote for :
practise in the courts of Calcutta they : the Grande Encyclopedie and the lournal
travelled via Egypt and the Red Sea : Asiatique edited Pali texts
: wrote :
their ship touched at Calicut, where they Textes tires du Kandjour : translated from
were seized by Hyder All's officers and the Tibetan Etudes Buddhiques, 1871-85 :
:
imprisoned for 15 weeks, suffering hard- Le Thibet, pays, peuple, et religion, 1886 :
ships and privations they escaped and : edited the Samyutta-Nikaya for the Pali
reached Madras in 1779-80, and proceeded Text Society Member of the Societe :
to Calcutta. She published an account Asiatique from 1856, of its Council, 1869 :
of her travels from England to Calcutta, died March, 10, 1902.
Original Letters from India, Calcutta, 18 17,
dying there during their publication. FENDALL, JOHN (1762 ? -1825)
I.C.S. : to India as
a writer in 1777
FAYRER, SIR JOSEPH, BARONET became a Puisne Judge of the Sa-ir Court
(1824- ) Sep. 9, 1817 Chief Judge, 1819 Member: :
Born Dec. 1824

6, son of Commander: of the Supreme Council, May 20, 1820 ::
Robert J. Fayrer, R.N. educated at : died Nov. 10. 1825.

King's College, London and Edinburgh :
FENWICK, GEORGE ROE ( ? -

M.D., 1859 entered the Bengal medical
:
served in the first Burmese 1904)

service, 1850 :
war, throughout the Indian mutiny, and Major served in the Crimea to India
: :
defence of Lucknow, where he was Re- as a Captain with his regt., the 93rd High-
sidency Surgeon from Aug. 1853 and : landers contributed to the Englishman
:
Civil Surgeon Professor, Medical College,

: in Calcutta joined its staff as Assistant
:
Calcutta Surgeon-General
: Fellow of : Editor and Editor, on retiring from the
the Calcutta University President of the : Army Major in the Calcutta Volunteer
:
Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1867 C.S.I., : Corps, which he resuscitated went to :
1867 :President, Medical Board, India Simla, and founded the Civil and Military
Office, 1874-95 accompanied H.R.H. : Gazette as a weekly paper became its- :
Editor when was issued as a daily paper

it Inkerman (wounded) and siege of Sebasto-
at Lahore left India and joined the
: pol M.P. for A>Trshu:e, 1854, 1857, 1865
:
Broad Arrow in England, becoming its retired from the Army, 1856 Under :
Editor : died in 1904. Secretary of State for India, 1866-7

Under Secretary in the Home Department
FERGUSSON, JAMES (1808-1886) 1867-8 : Governor of 1868 S. Australia,
born
of New Zealand, 1873-5 of Bombay :
Son of Dr. William Fergusson :

1880-5 : Under Secretary of State
Jan. 22, 1808 : educated at the Edinburgh
Foreign Office, 1886-91 Postmaster :
High School, and privately went to India, :
General, 189 1-2 : P.C. G.C.S.I.: K.C.M.G.

:
at first into business at Calcutta and in ten :

CLE.: LL.D.
years at his indigo factory made sufficient to
retire upon : lost some of his money after-
wards travelled largely in India to study
:
FIELD, SIR JOHN (1821-1899)
styles of Architecture, 1835-42 finally : General entered the Army, 1839
: :
left India in 1845 joined the Royal : joined the 6th N.I. in 1840 served in the :
Asiatic Society, 1840, and became a Vice- Afghan and Sind campaigns, 184 1-4: on
President was General Manager of the
: the Bolan, Quetta, Kandahar line, and at
Crystal Palace Company, 1856-8 a : Haikalzai in the mutiny of 1857 pro-
:
member in 1857 of the Royal Commission tected Poona with his native regt. at the :
on the defences of the United Kingdom : capture of Dwarka in Abyssinia 1867-8 :
Secretary to the First Commissioner of commanded the advance Brigade at cap- :
Public Works in 1869, and was later de- ture of Magdala C.B. A.D.C. to Queen : :
signated " Inspector of Public Buildings Victoria Maj-General, 1879

: Judge Advo- :
and Monuments." He wrote " Pictur- cate-General of the Bombay Army :K.C.B.,
esque Illustrations of Ancient Architecture 1887 died April 16, 1899.
:
in Hindostan; The Rock-cut Temples of

India a number of valuable papers in the
; FILOSE, JEAN BAPTISTE 1775-1 84t3) (
Transactions of the Royal Institute of Colonel son of Michael Filose {q.v.) :

:
British Architects ; Historical Enquiry An born at Faizabad, March, 1775 educated :
into the True Principles of Beauty in Art, served under the Mogul
at Calcutta :
on anew system of substituting earthworks

Emperor at Delhi adopted by a French- :
for masonry on the topo-

in fortification,
man, La Fontaine : entitled Itmaduddaula
graphy of Jerusalem; Handbook of a
by the Emperor took service under :
Architecture; A History of the Modern Daulat Rao Sindia kept under arrest by :
Styles Architecture:
of A History of Perron {q.v.) defeated by the British :
Architecture in all Countries History

in the Mahrattawar of 1803 employed in
;
:
of Indian and Eastern Architecture,

reducing refractory chiefs in Bundelkund,
Tree and Serpent Worship, The Parthenon, Malwa, etc., for Sindia again arrested :
etc. etc., besides other works on Architec- constantly engaged in

for 18 months :
ture and connected subjects. It was said

fighting with Rajputs and Bundelas for
of him that he invested the historical study Sindia troops constantly mutinous
: his
of Architectmre, particularly Indian pay again under arrest for
for arrears of :
Architecture, with a new interest. He of his

7 years, restored in 1824, deprived
received the gold medal for Architecture command in 1843 ordered by Tara Bai :
from the Institute of British Architects, to take command of the Army at Chanda
and was often consulted on architectural against the English defeated trans- : :
questions. He wasD.C.L. F.R.S F.G.S. : :

ferred his offices to his grandson, Peter :
LL.D : died Jan. 9, 1886. died May 2, 1864 his grandson. Sir :
etc.,
SIXTH Michael Filose, employed as architect,
FERGUSSON, SIR JAMES.
at Gwalior.
BARONET (1832- )
Born 1832 son of Sir James Fergusson,

:
MICHAEL -after
FILOSE, ?
fifth Baronet educated at Rugby and :
1797)
University College, Oxford succeeded as :
Colonel a Neapolitan adventurer :

Baronet, 1849 entered the Grenadier :
:
in the French Army at Madras reached

:
Guards, 1851 Lieut, and Captain, 1854 :
:
Calcutta about 1770 served the Nawab

served in the Crimean war. Alma and
:
L
of Oudh, the Rana of Gohud, and com- return, after an absence of twelve years,
manded a regt. under Madhava Rao they settled at Bombay Firuz Mulla, :
Sindia in 1707. Nana Farnavis,

(q.v.) i himself a Parsi priest, of the Kadmi sect
when on a visit to Daulat Rao Sindia, was from 1794, and great student of Oriental
taken prisoner whether by Filose's
: language, was induced by Jonathan Dun-
treachery or not, has been disputed he : can iq.v.) to write the Persian poem George
decamped to Bombay, set out for Europe, Nama, a history of India from its dis-
and died. covery by the Portuguese and of the
English in India to 1819 this was an epic :
FIRMINGER, REV. THOMAS AUGUS- poem, called after George III., and dedi-
TUS (1812-1884) cated to Queen Victoria he was a great :
Born in London son of in 1812 :

collector of Persian and Arabic MSS.
Dr. Thomas Firminger, who prepared pubUshed in 1818, the Desatir, a very
candidates for Haileybury educated at :
ancient religious Persian work: assisted
Pembroke College, Cambridge took his :
the foundation of the Bombay Samachar
in 1822, and wrote largely in it led a
degree, 1837 appointed Chaplain of the
:
:
retired and ascetic life, devoted to his

E.I. Co., 1846 served at Sagar, at Firoz-
:
pur, during the second Sikh war toured in :

studies much sought by scholars, English
:
India from 1854, made many drawings :

and Asiatic, and held in the highest re-
had two pictures in the Royal Academy :
spect he wrote also on the advantages of
;
Chaplain at Howrah, 1857 and at :

vaccination on his death, on Oct. 8, 1830,
:
Chinsura, 1859 published his Manual

:
his collection was left as a gift in the charge
in the of the Elders of the Kadmi Zoroastrians :
of Gardening for India, 1863 :
Bhutan expedition, 1864-5 retired, 1868 = :

it now formsthe Mulla Firuz Library in
died Jan. 18, 1884. Bombay the Madrasa bearing his name
:
was founded in 1854, for the instruction of

FIROZ SHAH ( ? - ? ) Zoroastrians in their sacred lore.
Son of Mirza Nazim (who was grandson

FISHER, THOMAS a772-1836)
of Shah Alam) and of Abadi Begam,
cousin of Akbar Shah, King of Delhi : Sonof Thomas Fisher entered the :
educated by Mirza Illahibaksh, who E. India House, 1786, as a clerk searcher :
married his mother went to Mecca with : of records there, 1816-34 died July 20, •
her in 1855 returned to Bombay after

: 1836 had considerable talent for drawing,
:
the mutiny broke out became leader of : and was a distinguished antiquary made :
the rebels at Mandiswar driven from there : drawings of monumental remains, anti-
by Colonel (Sir H. M.) Durand in Nov. quities and collections was F.S.A. of :
1857 went to Rohilkund with his force

: : Perth and London for nearly 50 years :
beaten thence by Sir Colin Campbell contributed to the Gentleman's Magazine,

entered Oudh tried to join Tantia Topi in
: writing for it long biographical memoirs
Central India defeated by General (Lord)
: of eminent men who had distinguished
Napier at Ranod, Dec. 17, 1858 fled, : themselves in India also wrote for the :
and joined Tantia Topi the rebels were : Asiatic Journal, the Congregational Maga-
broken up and dispersed Firoz Shah hid : zine worked in the cause of anti-slavery,
••
in the Sironj jungles he escaped in dis- : and was a Director of the London Mission-
guise as a pilgrim to Karbela and lived ary Society, in which his knowledge of the
there many years was one of the leading
: East was valuable died 1836. :
and irreconcilable insurgents in the mutiny.

FITZ CLARENCE, LORD FREDERICK
FIRUZ MULLA BIN KAWOOS (1799-1854)
(1758-1830)
Born Dec. 9, 1799: son of William IV
Native of Broach, born 1758 son of : and Mrs. Jordan entered the Army, :
Mulla Kawoos, a priest of the Parsis of 1814 given the rank of a son of a Mar-
:
Bombay when 10 years old, accom-

: quess, 1831 G.C.H., 1831 :Military :
panied his father on a journey to Per- Governor of Portsmouth, 1840 Lt- :
sia ; they carried with them letters General, 1851 Colonel of 36th regt.,
:
from the Indian Zoroastrians for the 1851 C. in C, Bombay,

: Nov. 1852 died :
solving of religious questions : on their Oct. 30, 1854.

FITZGERALD, CHARLES JOHN^ for Clare County, 181 8for boroughs in :
OSWALD (1840- ) ^%M Cornwall, 1829-30 Lord of the Treasury, :
and Privy Councillor in Ireland and

Born June 1840 son of General 6, :
England : EnvoyExtraordinary to Sweden,
J ames Fitzgerald educated at Edinburgh :
1820-3 President of the Board of Trade,

:
Academy joined the Indian Army, 1857

: :
1828 : acceded to his mother's Irish
served in the mutiny Adjutant of Central :
Peerage, 1832 made an English Peer,

:
India Horse, i860 Adjutant 3rd Cavalry :
1835 :President of the Board of Control,

Hyderabad Contingent, 1862 commanded :
1 841-3 F.S.A. and President of the Royal
:
3rd H.C. Cavalry in Afghan campaign,

Asiatic Society died May 11, 1843.
:
1880 Political A.D.C. to Secretary of
:
State for India, 1882 commanded his :

FITZPATRICK, SIR DENNIS
regiment in the Burma campaign, 1886-8 :
(1837- )
C.B., 1887.
I.C.S. born 1837 educated at Trinity
: :
College, Dublin entered the Indian Civil

FITZGERALD, SIR GERALD :
Service called to the bar from the Inner

:
(1833- )
Temple acted as Judge of the Pan jab
:
Son of Fitzgerald, Galway

Francis Chief Court, 1876-7 was Secretary to :
educated at S. Mary's College, Galway, and the Government of India in the Legislative
in France began life as a clerk in the War
:
Department, 1877-85 Secretary in the :
Office, 1856, and became Assistant Comp- Home Department, 1885: acting Chief Com-
troller-General of India, 1869 Account- :
missioner of the Central Provinces. 1885-
ant-General of Madras, 1871; Burma,i873 :
87 : Acting Resident in Mysore Chief :
served under the Egyptian Government, Commissioner oft Assam: Resident at

1877-84 Accountant-General of the
:
Hyderabad Lieutenant-Governor of the
:
Navy, xS8s K.C.M.G., 1885.

:
Panjab, 1892-7 Member of the Council:
of India since 1897 K.C.S.I., 1890. :
FITZGERALD, SIR WILLIAM GER-

ALD SEYMOUR VESEY (1841- ) FLEET, JOHN FAITHFULL (1847- )
Born 1841 : son of Right Hon. Sir I.C.S. educated at Merchant Taylors
:
William R. S. Vesey Fitzgerald, Governor and University College, London went :
of Bombay : educated at Harrow and out to Bombay, 1867 epigraphist to :
Oriel College, Oxford Political A.D.C.

:
the Government of India, 1883 :
to the Secretary of State for India, 1874 :

Commissioner in Bombay, Central and
K.C.I.E., 1887: C.S.I., 1887. Southern Divisions, and Commissioner
of Customs CLE., 1884 retired, 1897
: : :
FITZGERALD, SIR WILLIAM Hon. Ph.D. of Gottingen, 1892 author :
ROBERT SEYMOUR VESEY (1818-1885) of Gupta Inscriptions : Dynasties of the

Governor son of William, second
; Kanarese Districts : and numerous contri-
Baron Fitzgerald and Vesey born 1818 : : butions to the Indian Antiquary, the
educated at Oriel College, Oxford Archceological Reports of W. India, the
Newdigate Prize, 1835 B.A., 1837 : : Epigraphia Indica joint proprietor and :
called to the bar, from Lincoln's Inn, 1839 : Editor of the Indian Antiquary, 1885-91.
M. P. for Horsham, 1852-65 Under Secre- :
tary for Foreign Affairs, 1858-9 was :

FLETCHER, SIR HENRY, BARONET
Governor of Bombay from March 6, 1867, (1727-1807)
to May 6, 1872 Privy Councillor, 1866 : :
Born 1727 : commanded two vessels
K.C.S.I. in 1867 G.C.S.I. in 1868 again : :
of the E.I. Co. : after good service and
M.P. for Horsham, 1874-5 Chief :
retirement, he became Director of the
Charity Commissioner, 1875 D.C.L. of :
E.I. Co. for 18 years, and Chairman of the
Oxford : died June 28, 1885. Court in 1782 and 1783 M.P. for Cum- :
berland, 1768-1806 Baronet, 1782 in : :
FITZGERALD AND VESEY, WILLIAM Fox's India Bill, which was not carried,
VESEY, LORD (1783-1843) he was nominated one of the 7 Commis-
Born 1783 son of Rt. Hon. James : sioners for the affairs of Asia stated his :
Fitzgerald educated at Christ Church,

: opinion in Parliament that it would have
Oxford M.P. for Ennis, 1898 and 1831
: : been better for England and Europe if the
East Indies had never been discovered ; 1838 : educated at Aberdeen and Edin-
but that India, having once been acquired, burgh : enlisted in the Royal Dragoons,
must never be given up died March 25, : 1857 : left the Army in 1867 wrote on :
1807. military public Press

life in after
the :
conducting a weekly journal, 1867-71,

made his reputation as a war correspondent
FLETCHER, SIR ROBERT ( ? -1776) for the Daily News, in the Franco- Prussian
When a Lieutenant in the Madras Army, war, 1870-1 the Russo-Turkish war
:
he was summarily dismissed for wTiting of 1877 the Zulu war, 1879-80
: and :
an insolent letter to Government, but other wars in India as a special corre-

:
apologized and was reinstated at Coote's spondent in the Bengal-Bihar famine of

intercession served in the war, 1 760-1
: :
1874, where —
as Sir R. Temple wrote, "he
sent to reconnoitre the French settlements pourtrayed with graphic force and absolute
at Bourbon and in the Mauritius in the : fidelity, for the information of the English
Manilla expedition, 1762 transferred to : public, the mortal peril to which the people
Bengal as Major, 1763 Brigadier, 1766
: :
were exposed, and from which they could
fomented and encouraged the mutiny of be rescued only by the utmost exertions
oflacers against the withdrawal of extra of the Government " during the visit : —
hatta, 1766 cashiered
: restored to : : of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales to India,
Madras as Colonel, i77i C. in C. Madras, : 1875-6, during the Afghan War, 1878-9,
1772 being obstructive, was sent to com-
: and went to Mandalay, to have
mand at Trichinopoly, i773 pleaded '•
interviews with King Theebaw. He
privilege as M.P. and claimed to return to visited the United States and Australia
England, which was allowed returned to : as a lecturer and correspondent. Besides
Madras as C. in C. i775 was arrested by = his works on wars in other countries, and
Lord Pigot's order, Aug. 23, 1776, for caus- on other distinguished soldiers, he wrote
ing mutiny among the troops implicated : The Aff^han Wars of 1839 and 1879 Have- ;
in the arrest of Lord Pigot, Aug. 25, 1776 : lock, and Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde
died on his way to Mauritius, Dec. 1776. {" Men of Action " series), and on certain
distinguished officers in The Soldiers I
FLOYD, SIR JOHN, BARONET have Known died March 30, 1900.
:
(1748-1818)
Son John Floyd
of Capt. born Feb. :
FORBES, ARTHUR (1843- )
22, 1748 entered the Army as Cornet in

: I.C.S. son of Rev. E. Forbes, D.D.
:
Elliot's Light Dragoons in 1760 was riding : educated at Sedburgh and St. John's
master in 1763 to his regt.,the 15th Hussars: College,Cambridge steered the Cambridge :
went to India in 178 1-2, as Lt-Colonel of Eight against Oxford in 1866 and 1867 :
the 19th Light Dragoons greatly distin- : went to Bengal in the Indian Civil Service,
guished-himself as a cavalry commander on 1867 :Deputy Commissioner in Assam,
the Coromandel coast in Cornwallis' cam- 1875 Officiating Commissioner of Excise,
:
paign of i7Q 1-2, especially at Sattimanga- Bengal, 1890 Commissioner of Dacca,

:
lum, 1790, and afterwards against Tippoo 1891 :Patna, 1892-6 Chota Nagpur, :
was at Bangalore, and Arikera, in 1791 : 1896-1902 : C.S.I., 1895.

at Seringapatam, 1792 at the capture of
:
Bangalore, 1793 Maj-General, 1794 in

: : FORBES, SIR CHARLES, BARONET
the second war with Tippoo, commanded (1774-1849)
the cavalry under General Harris was :
Son George Forbes

of the Rev. born :
at Malavilli, and commanded the covering

in 1774 educated at Aberdeen University
:
Army during the siege of Seringapatam, (afterwards Lord Rector) went out to :
1799 returned to England in 1800 held

: :
India and was for many years head of the
command in Ireland General, 1812
: :
firm of Forbes & Co., of Bombay on :
Governor of Gravesend and Tilbury :

returning to England he became M.P. for
Baronet, 1816 died Jan, 10. 1818.
:
Beverley, 1812-18, and represented

Malmesbury, 1818-32 when he left India :
FORBES, ARCHIBALD (1838-1900) the natives gave him a service of plate :
The famous war correspondent : son of and, 27 years after he had left Bombay,
the Rev. Lewis^William Forbes : born his statue by Sir F. Chantrey was placed
in the Bombay Town Hall he had a high : Field Force in Sind in 1843 at the battle :
reputation in the commerical world, and of Hyderabad in the Persian 'expedi-:
had done much to develop the country, tionary force, 1856-7, at the assault and
and raise the status of the natives he : capture of the fort of Reshire of the :
steadily demanded justice for India in surrender of Bushire at Barazjan and :
Parliament and the Court of Proprietors in action of Khushab (severely wounded)

of the E.I. Co. became Forbes of Newe
: : Brevet-Major C.B. : with the Central
:
made Baronet in 1823 died Nov. 20, 1849. : Indian Field Force from capture of Jhansi
and siege of Ratghar to the fall of Kalpi
FORBES, DAVID (1777 P-1849) Brevet-Colonel present at the battle of
:
Solferino with the staff of the King of

Son a Scottish minister, joined
of
the 78th Highlanders, 1790: served Italy commanded a Division of the Bom-
:
in the Netherlands, at Quiberon and

bay Army, 1876-81 K.C.B., 1881 : :
Belle Isle went to India in 1796

: :
appointed Hon. Col. 33rd Queen's Own
escorted Sir John Shore to Lucknow Light Cavalry, 1904 G.C.B. :
in 1798 to depose Wazir Ali {q.v.) :
in the Mahratta campaign of 1803 at :

FORBES, GORDON SULLIVAN
(1820-1893)
Ahmadnagar, etc. in the Java expedition :
of 1811-13 under Sir S. Auchmuty, led the I.C.S. : born March

29, 1820 son of :
assaults at Waltevreede and Cornells Gordon Forbes, B.C.S. educated at :
was at Probolingo (in Java) in 1813 : Cheam and Haileybury, 1836-8 went :
Lt-Colonel, 1814 returned home in 1817,

: to Madras, 1838 was Collector of Ganjam, :
the only officer of forty-two who had gone 1858-67. and did good work in the famine
out : C.B., 1838 Maj-General, 1846 : : relief operations, 1866-7 Member of the :
died March 29, 1849. Board of Revenue, Madras, and Additional

Member of the Governor-General's Legis-
FORBES, DUNCAN (1798-1868) lative Council retired, 1874 died April
: :
26, 1893 wrote Wild Life in Canara,

:
Born April 28, 1798, of poor parents :
a work on Natural History and Sport

became a village schoolmaster went to :
helped to found a charity in Madras for

Perth Grammar School, 181 8 M.A. of St. :
the relief of destitute Europeans in India.

Andrew's in 1823, and LL.D. in 1847: taught
in Calcutta, at the Calcutta Academy,
1823-6 became assistant teacher of
:
FORBES, JAMES (1749-1819)
Hindustani in London, 1826 Professor : I.C.S. : 1749 went out to
born in :
of Oriental languages at King's College, Bombay in 1765 was Private Secretary :
London, taking pupils, 1837-61 made a : to Col. Keating in 1775 and Chaplain of the
•catalogue of the Persian MSS. at the force in the expedition to assist Raghoba :
British Museum, 1849-55 wrote a History = held minor charges in India, but made a
of Chess, including its invention in India : competency and left India in 1784* with
also a number of works, grammars, 150 volumes of materials, including draw-
dictionaries, manuals in Oriental languages, ings, of Indian subjects after the rupture :
Arabic, Persian, Hindustani, Bengali so : of the Peace of Amiens he was detained in

that his name, though he made no claim France till 1804, when he returned to
to profound scholarship, is well known to England published his Oriental Memoirs,
:
students Member of the Royal Asiatic

: in four volumes, 181 3-5 F.R.S. and •
Society died Aug. 17, 1868.

: F.S.A Montalembert, the historian, was
:
his grandson died Aug. i, 18 19.

:
FORBES, SIR JOHN (1817- )
Of Inverarnan, Aberdeenshire born :

FORCHHAMMER, EMMANUEL
(1851-1890)
June 10, 1817 entered 3rd Bombay
:
Light Cavalry (now 33rd Queen's Own Born March12, 1851, in Switerzland
Light Cavalry), 1835 became Colonel, : son of a Protestant pastor: educated at
1864 General, 1886
: served in the field : home and New Orleans studied medicine, :
Force in Sind at the siege of the Kojak

: : graduated. Doctor Assistant Surgeon at :
in Âfghanistan, 1 841-2, including the a hospital turned to languages travelled

: :
advance on Kandahar, Ghazni and Kabul, among American Indian tribes to Europe, :
action at Guine, under Genl. Nott in the : 1875, to Leipzig : studied Sanskrit, Pali,
ISO DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
Tibetan, Chinese, Arabic appointed, : Consulting Engineer in Bombay and
T879,*Professor of Pali at the Government other parts of India was for 7 years :
High School, Rangoon investigated the : Consulting Engineer to the Bombay

sacred and vernacular literature of Burma Municipality constructed the first wet-
:
catalogued Pali MSS., and wrote on Bur- dock, the Sassoon dock at Colaba, Bombay :
mese la^v edited the Tripitaka, or Budd-

: engaged on the water-supply and drainage
hist Canon besides his educational work,
: of Bombay M.I.C.E.
: retired, after :
studied other Burmese vernaculars, Shan, about 30 years in India, soon after 1880 :
Karen, etc. wrote on Indo-Chinese lan- : died about 1883-5.

guages and Burmese dialects employed on :
archaeological investigations and decipher- FORDE, FRANCIS ( ? -1770)

ment of ancient inscriptions made an :
Colonel son :of Matthew Forde
archaeological survey of Arakan surveyed :
Captain in the 39th regt., 1746 Major, :
the temple ruins of Pagan, 1888 collected :

was repulsed in an attack on
1755 :
a quantity of MSS., etc. did good work as :

Nellore, May, 1757 joined the E.I. Co.'s
:
antiquarian and philologist in Burma Army in Bengal, 1758, as second to Clive :
died April 26, 1890. sent by Clive in Oct. 1758, with 500
Europeans and 2,000 sepoys to Vizagapa-
FORD, ARTHUR (1834-
tam, to create a diversion against the
Bom Aug. 15, 1834 son of Arthiu: : French in the Northern Sircars defeated :
Ford educated at Grosvenor College,

: the Marquis de Conflans (who had replaced
Bath, and St. John's College, Cambridge : Bussy) at Condore, Dec. 1758 took :
entered R.A., 1855 Lt-Colonel, 1881 : : Rajamundry and Masulipatam in April,

Colonel retired, 1883
: served in the :
1759 : thus gaining the N. Sircars and
Indian mutiny, 1857-8 relief, siege and : expelling the French defeated the Dutch
:
capture of Lucknow wounded Assistant : : at Chinsura went to England with

:
Director of Artillery studies at Woolwich, Clive, who was his friend and, on his :
1870-3 Inspector of Explosives, Home

: recommendation,was one of the Commission
Office, 1873-99 : C.B., 1895. of three (with Vansittart and Seraf ton) sent
from England in 1769 to overhaul the
FORD, WILLIAM (1821-1905) Bengal administration after touching :
at the Cape in Dec. 1769, their vessel was

I.C.S. born Nov. 29, 1821
: son of :
lost at sea.
Sir Francis Ford, Bart. educated at :
Haileybury entered the Bengal Civil :
Service, 1843 served in the Indian :

FORDYCE, SIR JOHN ( ? -1877)
mutiny, in the Gurgaon district saved a : Lt-General entered the Bengal Artil-
:
number of Christian fugitives present : lery in 1822 was in the first Burmese
:
at the siege of Delhi; saw service with war, at the capture of Arakan in the :
General Showers Commissioner of Mul- : Satlaj campaign of 1845-6 at Firozshahr :
tan, 1862 Agent at Bahawalpur, 1866,

: and Sobraon in the advance on Lahore
: :
where he suppressed a mutiny C.S.I., : in the Panjab campaign of 1848-9, at

1866 author of several novels, of which
: Chilianwala and Gujarat, in the pursuit of
the latest is Prince Baber and his Wives : the Sikhs, and of the Afghans to the
wrote also A Viceroy of India (Lord Khyber commanded the Artillery in the
:
Lawrence) died June 18, 1905. ; Yusafzai country in 1849 and at the forcing
of the Kohat Pass in 1850 by Sir C.
FORDE, ARTHUR W. (P-1883-5 ?) Napier Colonel Commandant,
: 1873 :
K.C.B., 1877.
Was engaged on the construction of
Irish railways: went to India, 1855, as
Chief Engineer of the B.B. and C.I. FORJETT, CHARLES ( ? -1890)
Railways advocated the light railway
: Deputy, and, later, the Commissioner
system for purely agricultural districts, of Police, Bombay, from 1855, and
with tramways and feeder lines wrote : President of the Board, or Chief Municipal
a pamphlet ^^ 10,000 miles against 5,000,'^ Commissioner of Bombay his energetic :
and lectured in Bombay on " Railway action, in Sep. 1857, stopped a contem-
Extension in India, with special reference plated sepoy outbreak and saved Bom-
to the export of wheat " : practised as bay :his high character, knowledge of
the natives and fitness for his position ship from 1762 made fifteen voyages :
generally admitted much trusted by :

from India to the East, and four from
Lord Elphinstone, the Governor of Bom- England to India he formed a settlement :
bay :was presented with purses on in 1770 at Balambangan, and in 1774-6

retirement, and received an extra pension :
explored in New Guinea, the Sulu Archi-
regarded himself as slighted, being unde- pelago, the Moluccas, etc., and wrote an
corated died Jan. 27, 1890
:
wrote Our account of his voyages
:
employed by :
Real Danger in India, 1877. Warren Hastings to obtain news of the

FORLONG, JAMES GEORGE RORKE French fleet which had escaped the
(1824-1904) English ships; he found it atAchin, and
the information was very valuable.
Maj -General born Nov. 1824 edu-
cated as an p:ngineer
: :
He made a voyage " from Bengal to
joined the Indian :
Army, 1843 in the S. Mahratta Company, Quedah " in 1783, and a voyage " from
:
Calcutta to the Mergui Archipelago,"

1845-6 in the Madras Army, 1847
:
in :
1790, discovering the Forrest Strait

the second Burmese war, 1852 after the :
:
besides other papers, he wrote a Treatise

annexation, was head of the P.W.D.
on the Monsoons in East India, 1782 :
there travelled widely, 1858-9
: on :
died about 1802.
special public works, inquiries and con-
struction of prisons in the Andamans
Superintending
:
FORSTER, GEORGE ( ? -1792)
Engineer in Bengal,
N.W.P., Rajputana, 1861-71 Secretary :
In the E.I. Co.'s Civil Service, in 1782 :
and Chief Engineer, Oudh, 1872-7 he travelled from India through Kashmir,
retired wrote largely in periodicals on
:
Afghanistan, Herat, Persia, by the Caspian
religions, archaeology, philology wrote :
Sea to Russia wrote A Journey from
:
the Rivers of Life, or the Faiths of Mankind Bengal to England, through the Northern
in all Lands, 1883 Short Studies in the ;
Part of India, Kashmir, Afghanistan, and
Science of Comparative Religions, embracing Persia, and into Russia by the Caspian
all the Religions of Asia a student of :
Sea, 1798 also Sketches of the Mythology
:
exploration, thought, and research in and Customs of the Hindus : in 1792, he

Oriental subjects well versed in Indian :
died at Nagpur, on an embassy to the
religions and folklore of the East died :
Mahrattas.
March 29, 1904.
FORSTER, HENRY (1793-1862)
FORREST, GEORGE WILLIAM
(1846- Son of Henry
Forster {q.v.), of Pitts
)
the E.I. Co.'s Civil Service entered the
Born Jan. 1846 son of Capt. George
8, :
:
Forrest, V.C.
Mahratta Army, but joined " Skinner's
educated privately and at
:
Horse" in 1816: was second in com-

St. John's College, Cambridge appointed :
to Bombay Educational Department, mand in 1822 was in the Pindari cam-

:
paign, and at Mahidpur about 1834 he :

1872 Census Commissioner at Bombay,
:
raised the Shekhawati Brigade and won

1882 on special duty in connexion with
:
Bombay Records, 1884-8 Professor of several engagements against insurgents

:
English History,
in Rajputana was in the Satlaj campaign
:
Elphinstone College,
of 1845-6 with his Brigade made C.B. and
1887 Director of Bombay Records, 1888
:
:
Colonel in the Queen's Army in 1854.

:
Assistant Secretary to the Government of

India In the mutiny his Shekhawati battalion
Director of Government of India
:
Records, 1894-1900 was deputed to reduce the rebel 34th

C.I.E., 1899 wrote : :
N.I., in Chota Nagpur died in Calcutta, :

articles on "The Deforestation India" of
Oct. 9, 1862.
in the Bombay Gazette :author of
various Selections from State Papers
The Administration of Warren Hastings,
:
FORSTER, HENRY PITTS ( 1766 ?-1816)
The Administration of Lord Lansdowne, In the E.I. Co.'s Bengal Civil Service,
Sepoy Generals, Cities of India, History joined in 1783 Registrar of the Sadr
:
of the Indian Mutiny, etc. F.R.G.S. :

DiwaniA dalat of the Twenty-four Parganas,
1794 : pubUshed the first English-Bengali
FORREST, THOMAS (1729 ?-1802 ?) vocabulary in 1799-1802, and, largely
Midshipman, R.N., in 1745 : in the E.I. through his efforts, Bengali became the
Co.'s service after 1748 : commanded a official as well as the literary language of
Bengal studied Sanskrit, and laboriously
: punishing the rebels, after the fall of
translated a native grammar became : Delhi: Secretary to the Chief Commis-
master of the Calcutta Mint died in :
sioner of Oudh C.B. went to Leh in
: :
India, Sep. lo, 1815, 1867 to promote trade with Turkistan :
established the Palampmr fair sent to :
FORSYTH, JAMES (1838-1871) Russia on diplomatic mission obtained :
from the Russian Government an acknow-

Born in 1838 took his M.A. degree : :
ledgment that certain disputed terri-
went to India as acting Conservator of
tories belonged to the Amir of Afghanistan
Forests served in the Central Provinces
:
went in 1870 to Yarkand in 1872, lost :
as Deputy Commissioner of Nimar

his appointment as Commissioner of
joined the Staff Corps was a keen :
Umbala for supporting his subordinate's
sportsman wrote The Sporting Rifle and
measures in putting down the Kooka
:
its Projectiles, 1863 made a long tour in :

outbreak at Malair Kotla led a mission :
the Central Provinces, 1862-4, and wrote

to Kashgar, 1873-4 K.C.S.I. in 1874
: :
The Highlands of Central India : Notes

Additional Member of the Governor-
on their Forests and Wild Tribes, Natural
General's Legislative Council, 1874 En- :
History and Sports, which appeared in

voy to Burma in 1875 obtained an :
1871, after his death on May i, 1871.

agreement to the independence of the
Karenni states retired in 1877 died
FORSYTH, SIR JOHN (1799-1883)
: :
Dec. 17, 1886.

Principal Inspr-General in H.M.S.
Indian Medical Department, Bengal
Honorary Physician to Queen Victoria
FORTESCUE, THOMAS (1784-1872)
:
died Jan. 14, 1883 C.B., 1862 K.C.S.I.,

: :
I.C.S. 1784
: born
son of Gerald :
1881. Fortescue, Secretary to his cousin Henry

Wellesley (1773-1847 Baron Cowley, :
FORSYTH, REV. NATHANIEL (1769- 1828), youngest brother of the Marquess

1816) Wellesley, who was Lieutenant-Governor
of the ceded Province of Oudh from Nov.
Born 1769 in Dumfriesshire educated :
1 801 to 1803, when he quitted India

at Glasgow, and at the Divinity Hall, :
under the Rev. Professor G. Lawson, of Fortescue was Commissioner at Delhi,

the New Burgher Associate Synod 1803 died Sep. 7, 1872.
:
be- :
came a tutor at an academy, Islington, and

a candidate for missionary work arrived :
FORTESCUE, ROBERT (1813-1880)
in Bengal, Dec. 1798, as the first missionary Born Sep. 1813 educated at the
16, :
sent out by the London Missionary Edrom Parish School became a Super- :
Society allowed to preach in Dr. Dun-

: intendent in the Royal Horticultural
widdie's lecture-room in CossitoUa, Cal- Society's garden at Chiswick visited :
cutta also at the General Hospital and

: China, Java, Manilla, 1842-6, as collector :
the Fort held charge of the Settlement

: to China again in 1848, to collect tea
Church at Chinsura, and managed a plants and seeds for the E.I. Co. in :
large school there, 1805 he and Dr. : 1 85 1 introduced many of them into the
Carey opened the Lai Bazar Chapel, Jan. N.W.P. wrote a Report on the Tea
:
I, 1809 died at Chandernagore, Feb.

: Plantations the N.W.P., and Two
in
II, 1816. Visits to the Tea Countries of China, and
the British Plantations in the Himalayas,
FORSYTH, SIR THOMAS DOUGLAS 1853 also visited Formosa, and wrote
:
(1827-1886) other accounts of his travels in the Far

I.C.S.son of Thomas Forsyth, mer-
:
East : died April 13, 1880.
chant born Oct. 7, 1827
: educated at :
Sherborne, Rugby and Haileybury ar- :

FOSTER, SIR CHARLES JOHN
rived at Calcutta, 1848 went to the :
(1818-1896)
Panjab, after the annexation of 1849 : Son of Edward
Foster entered the :
at the outbreak of the mutiny was Deputy Army, 1836

served with the i6th
:
Commissioner of Umballa reported on : Lancers in the Afghan war, 1841-2, under

the disaffection, and controlled the Sikh Sir J. Keane at Ghazni at Maharajpur,
: :
States was a Special Commissioner for

:
1843 : and in the Satlaj campaign, 1846 :
at Badiwal, Aliwal and Sobraon Captain, :
Westminster, 1780: held office in the
1847 General, 1885
: Member of the :
Government, 1770-2: 1772-4: attacked
Council of India, 1878-88 C.B., 1877 : : Lord Clive in Parliament, 1773 Foreign ;
Colonel of the 21st Hussars, 1872-6, and Secretary, 1782-3, 1806 Fox introduced :
of the i6th Lancers, 1886 K.C.B., 1893 : : into Parliament, Nov. 18, 1783, his Bills,
died Feb. 11, 1896. prepared with Burke's aid, for the better
Government of India by the first Bill,
FOSTER, WILLIAM (1863- ) he proposed to establish a Board of
:
7
Born Nov.19, 1863 son of William : Commissioners to hold office for 4 years
Foster educated at Cooper's Grammar
: and have absolute control over the
School and London University joined : patronage and Government of India
the India Office, 1882 edited India : with a Board of 8 Assistant Councillors
Office List, 1891-5 Assistant to the : to administer the commercial affairs of
Registrar and Superintendent of Records, the E.I. Co. by the second Bill, restric-
:
1 901 Hon.
: Secretary to the Hakluyt tions were imposed upon the free action
Society, 1 893-1 902 has edited several : of the Governor-General. The first Bill
old records, including The Embassy of passed the House of Commons, but was
Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great rejected by the House of Lor'ds, by the
Mogul, 1615-19, and, with Sir G. Bird- King's influence, Dec. 17, 1783 the :
wood, The First Letter-hook of the East second Bill made no progress. When his
India Company, 1600-19. party attacked Warren Hastings, 1786,
Fox spoke for the Rohilla charge, and
FOULIS, SIR EDWARD (1768-1843) June 13, brought forward the Benares
Arrived in India, 1789 in the 3rd :
charge, which he carried spoke in :
Cavalry in Mysore under Cornwallis, favour of the charge relating to the Begams
1791-2 at sieges of Bangalore, Savandrug,
:
of Oudh, 1787 took a leading part in
:
Seringapatam, Pondicherry in the My- :

settling the articles of impeachment of
sore war under General Harris, 1788-91, Hastings was a manager of the trial
:
at Malavilli and Seringapatam under :

again led the Benares charge in the trial,
Col. A. Wellesley, against Dhoondia 1788 spoke against the abatement of the
:
Waugh, saw much active service Re- :

impeachment by the dissolution of Par-
mount agent for Madras cavalry, 1807 :
liament, 1789 : died Sep. 13, 1806.
commanded Light Cavalry, 1815 in :
Pindari war, 1817 commanded at Arcot,

: FOX, HENRY WATSON (1817-1848)
1819 held various cavalry commands
: :
Missionary son of George Townshend
:
Maj-General, 1837 K.C.B. died April

: :
Fox born 1817 educated at Rugby and
: :
12, 1843. Wadham Oxford

College, ordained, :
1840 to Madras in 1841 as a missionary

:
FOWLER, SIR HENRY HARTLEY of the Church Missionary Society worked :
(1830- )
at Masulipatam : visited the Nilgiris,
Born May 1830 educated Travancore, Tinnivelly became Assistant :

16, : at
Woodhouse Grove School, and St. Saviour's Secretary to the Society died at Durham, :
Grammar School Mayor of Wolver-:

Oct. 14, 1848 wrote Chapters on Mis-
:
hampton, 1863 M.P. for Wolverhampton

:
sions in South India.
since 1880 Under Secretary, Home
:
Department, 1884-5 Financial Secretary = FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (1740-1818)

to the Treasury, 1886 President of the :
Son of the Rev. PhiUp Francis born :
Local Government Board, 1892-4 Secre- :

Oct. 22, 1740 : educated at Dublin and
tary of State for India, March 10, 1894,
St. Paul's School became a junior clerk :
to July 5, 1895 G.C.S.I., 1895

: P.C. : :
in the Secretary of State's office Secre- :
D.L.
tary to General E. Bligh and at the capture
of Cherbourg in 1758 Secretary to Lord :
FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)

KinnouU's Embassy at Lisbon, 1760
Third son of Henry Fox, Lord Holland : amanuensis to Pitt, 176 1-2 clerk at the :
born Jan. 24, 1749 educated at Wands- : War Office, 1762 resigned in March, :
worth, Eton and Hertford College, Oxford, 1772, for some unexplained reason.
1764-6 M.P. for Midhurst, 1768
: for : Dmring those years, " Junius' letters
appeared, which for many grounds have Co.'s Bengal N.I., 1783 : Lt-Colonel,
been attributed to Francis. Their iden- 1814 : regulating oiBcer, Bhagalpur,
tity, first suggested by Taylor in 1813, 1815 retired in India, 1825
: travelled :
1816, may be considered to have been in Persia in 1786 published his journal : :
established. After the passing of the wrote The History of the Reign of Shah-
Regulating Act of 1773 for India, Francis Aulam, the present Emperor of Hindustan,
was appointed a member of the new 1798 Inquiry concerning the Site of the
:
Supreme Council in India. He and his Ancient Palibothra, 1815-22 besides :
colleagues, Clavering and Monson, arrived translations, literary papers, contributions

at Calcutta on Oct. 19, 1774 these three
= to Asiatic Researches, etc. Member of :
opposed Warren Hastings, the Governor- the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and Member
General, and Harwell iq.v.), the remaining of Council and Librarian of the Royal
Member of the Supreme Council being : Asiatic Society: died in India, April 12,
a majority, they had great power. 1839.
Francis took the side of Nuncomar {q.v.),
after the latter had accused Hastings of FRANKLIN, SIR BENJAMIN
corruption. Nuncomar was hanged for (1844- )
forgery on Aug. 5, 1775. The death of

Educated at University College, London,
Monson, on Sep. 25, i77f» gave Hastings and Paris entered the Indian Medical
:
the casting vote. Barwell left India in

Service, 1869 Civil Surgeon, Simla, :
March, 1780 Francis resumed his opposi-

:
1881-6 Inspr-General
: of Hospitals,
tion to Hastings, who wrote a minute
N.W.P., 1899 and Panjab, 1900-1 : :
accusing Francis of faithlessness and

Director-General, Indian Medical Service :
breach of trust and honour. Francis

CLE., 1898 K.C.I. E., 1903. :
challenged him, and a duel took place on

Aug. 17, 1780, in which Francis was FRANKS, SIR JOHN (1770-1852)
badly wounded. He left India in Dec.
1780. In 1778 Francis was defendant Son of Thomas Franks
born in 1770 : :
in a crim. con. charge brought against took his degree at Trinity College, Dublin :
him by G. F. Grand of the Indian Civil called to the Irish bar, 1792 appointed :
in 1825 a Judge of the Supreme Court,

Service. Francis was sentenced by Impey
to pay 50,000 rupees damages. He Calcutta, and knighted retired for his :
retired with a large fortune, but was very health in 1834 died Jan. 11, 1852. :
coldly received in England, except at

Court. He became M.P. for Yarmouth, FRANKS, SIR THOMAS HARTE
(1808-1862)
1784 : assisted Burke in preparing the
charges against Hastings, but was not Son of Franks
William
born 1808 : :
accepted as a manager of the impeach- entered the loth regt. in 1825 Lt- :
ment. M.P. for Bletchingley, 1790; for Colonel, 1845 to India in 1842 in the: :
Appleby, 1802 K.C.B. in Oct. 1806

: : first Sikh war, 1845-6 was at Sobraon, :
made an elaborate speech on India in wounded C.B, in the Panjab campaign

: :
April, 1805 he hoped to be Governor-

: of 1848-9, was at the siege of Multan,
General of India, but failed to obtain it Surajkund, and at Gujarat Colonel, :
from Fox, with whom he quarrelled he : 1854 commanded the Jalandhar Brigade,
:
died Dec. 22, 1818. It is said that he 1855 in the mutiny, as Brig-General,
:
made many anonymous contributions to marched across the Oudh, and frontier of
the Press his capacity, industry, coxurage,
: joined with Jang Bahadur of Nipal
and certain good principles in his character defeated the rebels, Banda Husain, at
have to be set against his malignity, Chanda, and Mehndi Husain Nazim at
vindictiveness, and unscrupulous conduct : Hamirpur in Feb. 1858, but failed to take
his life and career have been minutely Daurara fort joined Sir Colin Campbell
:
investigated. at the capture of Lucknow, March, 1858 :
Maj-General and K.C.B. 1858 returned , :
to England died Feb. 5, 1862.

:
FRANCKLIN, WILLIAM (1763-18.39)
Son of Thomas Francklin born 1763

: :
FRASER, ALEXANDER (1824-1898)
educated Westminster and Trinity
at General son of James Eraser
: edu- :
College, Cambridge entered the E.I.

: cated at Addiscombe entered the Indian :
Engineers, 1843 in the Satlaj cam- : as a factor in the E.I. Co.'s service rose :
paign, 1845-6 and the Panjab campaign, : to be a Member of Council at Surat,

1848-9 in the Burmese war, 1852-3
: : where he stayed six years he brought to :
employed on the construction of light- England some 200 Sanskrit and Zend
houses on the coast of Burma Chief : MSS., the first " collection " brought
Engineer in the N.W.P., 1873-9 Member • to Europe, which are now in the Bodleian
of the Supreme Council, March-June, Library at Oxford he had formed plans :
1880: C.B. died June 11, 1898. : of working in Zend and Sanskrit, but
died early, Jan. 21, 1754.
FRASER, SIR ANDREW HENDER-
SON LEITH (1848- ) FRASER, JAMES BAILLIE (1783-1856)
: son of : Born June 1783 son of Edward11, :
Rev. A. G. Fraser, D.D. educated at : Satchell Fraser with his brother William :
Edinburgh Academy and University iq.v.), and an escort, explored the Hima-
entered the Indian Civil Service, 1871 : layas in 1 815, to the sources of the Jamna
served in the Central Provinces Officiat- : and Ganges in 1821, he accompanied
:
ing Secretary to the Government of India, Dr. Jukes to Persia, to Mashad, Kurdistan
Home Department, 1898-9 Chief Com- : and Tabriz in 1833-4, on a diplomatic
:
missioner of Central Provinces, 1899 : mission to Persia, he rode from Semlin to

President of the Indian Police Commis- Constantinople, and from Stamboul to
sion, 1902-3 Lieutenant-Governor of : Teheran attended on the Persian Princes
:
Bengal since Nov. 1903 C.S.I. 1897 : , : on their visit to England, 1835-6 wrote :
K.C.S.I., 1903. narratives of his travels in Persia and

connected countries, and some works of
FRASER, SIR CHARLES CRAWFURD fiction also the Military Memoir of Lt-
:
(1829-1895) Colonel lames Skinner: C.B., 1851 was :
Son also an amateur artist died Jan. 1856. :

of Lt -Colonel Sir James John
Fraser, Bart. joined the nth Hussars : :
served with the 7th Hussars at the siege

FRASER, JAMES STUART (178.3-1869)
and capture of Delhi, 1857 Brevet- : Son Colonel Charles Fraser

of born :
Major gained the V.C. on Dec. 31, 1858,

: July I, 1783 educated at Ham and :
for rescuing, while under sharp fire, an Glasgow University joined the Madras :
officer and some men from drowning in N.I., 1800 escorted the Mysore Princes
:
the river Rapti in the Abyssinian : to Bengal, 1807 A.D.C. to Sir G. Barlow, :
expedition, 1867-8 at capture of Mag- : when Governor of Madras Private :
dala C.B.
: A.D.C. to the C. in C. 1873-
: Secretary, 1810 Deputy Commissary in :
80 : Inspr-General of Cavalry, 1879-84 : the Madras expedition to Mamritius,

Maj-General K.C.B. M.P. for N.: : 1810 :Military Secretary to the Governor
Lambeth, 1885-92 died June 7, 1895. : of Madras, 1813 Commandant at :
Pondicherry, 1816 Commissioner for :
FRASER, HUGH ( ? -1858) the restitution of French and Dutch

Of the Bengal Engineers Chief En- :
possessions, 1816-7, having great know-
ledge of the French language Secretary
gineer at Agra when the mutiny of 1857
:
broke out C.B. Colonel

: made Chief : :
to Government in the Military Department,
Commissioner for Agra and its dependen- 1834 :in several actions in Coorg Resi- :
cies, Sep. 30, 1857, to Feb. 9, 1858 acted :

dent in Mysore, and Chief Commissioner
with energy died at Mussoorie, Aug. 12,
:
of Coorg Resident at Travancore and
:
1858. Cochin, 1836 Resident at Hyderabad

:
from Sep. 1838, to Dec. 1852 resigned :
FRASER, JAMES (1713-1754) his appointment because of strained

relations with Lord Dalhousie Lt- :
Born 1713 son of Alexander Fraser of :

died
General, 185 1 General, 1862 : :
Reelick went to India, to Surat

: re- :
sided there, 1730-40

Aug. 22, 1869.
learnt Sanskrit :
and Zend returning to England for

FRASER, WILLIAM
:
(1784-1836)
about two years, he wrote a history of
Nadir Shah, the King of Persia, who I.C.S. : son of Edward Satchell Fraser,
invaded India Fraser returned to India : brother of James Baillie Fraser {q.v.) :
went to Bengal in 1799 Secretary to Sir : a good linguist, and distinguished 'as an
D. Ochterlony at Delhi, 1805 Secretary : evangelist.
to Mountstuart Elphinstone (?.u.) on his
FRERE, SIR HENRY BARTLE
mission to Kabul Political Agent to
General Martindell's Army, 1815 travelled
:
:
EDWARD, BARONET (1815-1884)
with his brother to the Himalayas settled : Governor I.C.S. sixth son of Edward
: :
Garhwal, 1819 Member of the Board of

: Frere, and nephew of John Hookham
Revenue, N.W.P., 1826: Resident at Frere born March 29, 1815, educated at
:
Delhi, 1830-5 shot dead, on March 22,

: Bath and Haileybury went to India in :
1835, while riding at Delhi, by Kareem 1834, by the overland route, making his
Khan, at the instigation of Shams-ud-din, way with difficulty via Cairo, Kosseir,
Nawab of Firozpur : both of them were Jeddah, Mocha, and a pilgrim vessel to
Bombay Assistant Revenue Commis-
:
sioner for some years to H. E. Goldsmid

PRASER-TYTLER, SIR JAMES MAC- {q.v.) in investigating land assessments :
LEOD BANNATYNE (1821- ) Private Secretary to Sir G. Arthur, Gover-

nor of Bombay, 1842 Resident at Satara, :
Born 1821 entered the Bengal Army

:
1846 on the annexation of Satara in
:
1841, and became General, 1877 served :
1848-9 (to which he was opposed), Frere

in the Afghan campaign, 1842, (severely
was appointed Commissioner Chief :
wounded, Khyber Pass), A.D.C. to Lord

Commissioner in Sind, 1850-9 greatly :
Gough, Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 at the :
advanced the Province in every way,

battles of Mudki, Firozshahr, Sobraon
conciliated the Amirs, improved Karachi
in the Panjab campaign, 1848-9, at
harbour, developed institutions, controlled
Chilian wala and Gujarat Indian mutiny,
in the mutiny
:
the frontier and the tribes :
1857 at the relief of Lucknow severely

: :
he nearly denuded Sind of troops to help

wounded Bhutan campaign, 1864-5 C.B., :
the Panjab and South Mahratta country :
1857 K.C.B., 1867.

:
repressed attempts at mutiny, and kept

FRAZER, ROBERT WATSON Sind quiet and loyal his great services :
(1854- were highly valued in England and India :
)
K.C.B. in 1859 Member of the Governor-
:
l.CS. born 1854

: educated at Rath- :
General's Supreme Council from Dec. 1859,
mines school, Kingstown school and to April, 1862 helped greatly in the
:
Trinity College, Dublin entered the Ma- :

restoration of financial equilibrium and in
dras Civil Service, 1877, but retired, 1886; the establishment of Legislative Councils :
invalided in consequence of fever con- Governor of Bombay from April, 1862, to

tracted in the Rumpa rebellion. Lecturer, advanced education, built
March, 1867 :
University Extension, on Indian Architec- colleges, pushed on railways, established

ture : Principal Librarian and Secretary the Bombay municipality, demolished the
of London Institution Lecturer in Tamil old ramparts of the town, initiated female
:
and Telegu, University College. Author education. Over-trading, speculation, and

of British India ("Story of the Nations"
the restoration of peace in America
series), A Literary History of India, 1898.
(causing a fall in cotton) brought on a
commercial crisis, in which the Bank of
FRENCH, RIGHT REV. THOMAS Bombay was involved Frere' s policy :
VALPY (1825-1891) during this period was the subject of

Bishop son of the Rev. Peter
: French : unfavourable criticism. He was Member
born Jan. i, 1825 educated at : Reading of the Council of India, 1867-77 G.C.S.I. =
and Burton Grammar schools, Rugby, D.C.L. President of the Geographical and
:
and University College, Oxford Fellow, : Asiatic Societies sent to Zanzibar, in :
there, 1848 ordained, 1848

: Principal of : 1872, to negotiate a treaty for the sup-
St. John's College, Agra, 1850 founded : pression of the slave-trade P.C LL.D. : : :
Reynell Taylor's Derajat mission, 1861 : accompanied H.R.H. the Prince of Wales^-
Vicar of Cheltenham, 1865-9 founded = in his Indian tour, 1875-6 Baronet and :
the divinity school at Lahore, 1869 first : G.C.B. appointed, in 1887, Governor
:
Bishop of Lahore, Dec. 1877 D.D. of : of the Cape and High Commissioner in
Oxford resigned in 1887 died at Muscat,
: : S. Africa brought a war with the Kafirs
:
as a missionary there. May 14, 1891 was : to conclusion, 1878 became engaged in :
the Zulu war, 1879 and in troubles : Council, 1894-5 : Lieutenant-Governor of

regarding the Transvaal with the Boers : Burma, 1897-1903 : K.C.S.I., 1895.
the English Government recalled Frere in
1880 for his conduct in relation to the FULLARTON, WILLIAM (1754-1808)
Zulu war and alleged disregard of orders :
Colonel son of William Fullerton
:
he defended himself on his retturn to born 1754 educated at Edinbiurgh

:
England he advocated a forward policy

: University raised a Scotch regt. and
:
with regard to Afghanistan died May :

gazetted Commandant of the 98th in
29, 1884 buried in St. Paul's Cathedral
: 1780 went to India
: engaged near :
his statue erected on the Thames Embank- Madras, in the second Mysore war with
ment he was an eminent public servant,
: Hyder Ali, 1780-2 at the suppression :
combining strong character under a kindly of the KoUars of Madras, and capture of
and courteous demeanour and was : Dindigul commanded the troops south
:
earnest in his religious views. He wrote of the Coleroon, 1783 took Dharapuram, :
a number of papers on the questions of the Palghat and Coimbatore showed military :
day, connected with India also a memoir :

ability returned to England on the
:
of his uncle above-named. peace wrote his View 0/ Englii,h Interests

:
in India, xySy F.R.S. of London and :
FRERE, WILLIAM EDWARD Edinburgh raised the 23rd Dragoons

: :
(1811-1880) M.P., 1787-1803 appointed first Com- :
third son missioner for Trinidad tried his colleague,.

I.C.S. : born June 6, 1811 :
:
of Edward Frere and brother of Sir :

Col. Thomas Picton, for torturing a.
Spanish girl died Feb. 13, 1808.
H. B .E. Frere {q.v.) educated at Swansea :
:
and Haileybury went to Bombay, 1830 : :
Judge of Dharwar, and of the Sadr Court :

FULLER, JOSEPH BAMFYLDE
Member of Council, Bombay, 1860-5 :
(1854 - )
retired travelled round the world

: son of Rev. J. Fuller educated"
I.C.S. : :
Commissioner to inquire into the health at Marlborough entered the Indian :
of the coolies in Demerara, 1870 in ; Civil Service, 1875 Commissioner of :
Mauritius, 1872 : C.M.G., 1875 : died Settlements C.P., 1885 Secretary to :
March 23, 1880. Govt, of India, Revenue and Agriculture

Department, igoi-2 Chief Commissioner :
FREYER, P. JOHNSTON ( ? - ) of Assam, from April, 1902 CLE., 1892 : :
Educated at Erasmus Smith's College, C.S.I. 1902

, Lieutenant-Governor of East-
:
Gal way Royal University of Ireland, ern Bengal and Assam, 1905.
;
Steeven's Hospital, Dublin, and Paris

entered the Indian medical service, 1875 :
FURDUNJI, NAOROJI (1817-1885)
held civil and military appointments Born Broach edu-
in March, 18 17, at :
Medical officer to the Lieutenant-Governor, cated at the Native Education Society's

N.W.P and subsequently to H.H. the
: school at Bombay, where he afterwards
Nawab of Rampur, who gave him, on became a teacher Assistant Professor of :
recovery from an illness, a very large fee the Elphinstone Institution and leader
for his services : practises since retire- of the " Young Bombay " Party was :
ment in London : Surgeon to St. Peter's chiefly instrumental in estabUshing the

Hospital for Stone. first girls' school, native library, literary
society, debating club, poHtical associa-
FRYER, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM body for improving the condition of
tion,
RICHARDS (1845- ) women, institution for religious and
I.C.S. son of F. W. Fryer
:
entered :
social reforms, law association and the
the Bengal Civil Service, 1864 called to :
first educational periodicals. In 1836,
he was appointed Native Secretary
the bar from the Middle Temple, 1880 :
Cojumissioner, Central Division, Upper and Translator to Sir Alexander Biurnes

Burma, 1886 Financial Commissioner,
:
{q.v.)at Kabul, but returned to Bombay
Burma, 1888 Acting Chief Commissioner
:
before the Afghan war broke out. In
of Burma, 1892-4 Officiating Financial :
1845 he was appointed Interpreter of the
Commissioner, Panjab Additional Mem- :
High Court of Bombay, and retired in
ber of the Governor-General's Legislative 1864, devoting the rest of his hfe to im-
proving the condition of the people. He C.S.I died June 17, 1892: wrote
: Burma
laboured to obtain the passing of the Past and Present, 1878.
Parsi Matrimonial and Succession Act.
He visited England on three occasions,
lectured before the East India Association, GALBRAITH, SIR WILLIAM
and gained the high opinion of many (1837- )
prominent Englishmen : an influential

Born 1837 son of Rev. John Galbraith
of the Municipality of Bombay:
:
member
of Tuam entered the 85th regt., 1855 :
CLE. in 1884 : died Sep. 22, 1885.
:
Maj-
Lt-Colonel, 1879 Colonel, 1883 : :
FURSE, GEORGE ARMAND (1834- )

General, 1893 served in Afghan war as :
A.A.G., 1878-80 Hazara expedition, :
Colonel born Aug. 21, 1834

: son of :
1888 A.A.G. and Q.M.G. Ireland, 1882-6

:
William Henry Furse educated privately :
commanded 2nd class District India,

and abroad joined 42nd Highlanders,
:
1886-90 Adjutant-General in India,

:
1855 served in the Crimea and the Indian

:
1890-5 commanded Quetta District,

:
mutiny present at siege of Lucknow on

: ;
1895-9 retired, 1899

: K.C.B. 1897. : ,
special service to Ashanti, 1873-4 A.D.C.
:
'-
to C. in C. Bombay, 1874-8 A.A.G.,

GALLOWAY, SIR ARCHIBALD
:
Soudan expedition, 1884-5 C.B., 1887 : :
(1780?-18oO)
author of several works on military trans-
sport and adtninistration. Maj-General: son of James Galloway:
joined the 14th Bengal N.I. in iSoo
FYERS, SIR WILLIAM AUGUSTUS served in several regiments Colonel of :
(1816-1895) the 58th N.I. in 1836 was in the defence :
General joined the Army, 1834 at the

: :
of Delhi and at the siege of Bhartpur :
capture of Karachi Captain in the 40th :

member the Military Board
of C.B., :
regt. in the Afghan war, 1 841-2, under 1838: K.C.B., 1848: Chairman of the
Nott at Kandahar and Kabul, and in the Court of Directors of the E. I. Co., 1849 :
return to India in the Crimea in the : :

died April 6, 1850 wrote several works on :
naiutiny, commanded a battalion at Cawn- India, among them on Muhammadan Law :
pur : at the capture of Lucknow died :

Observations on the Law and Constitution
Nov. 10, 1895 K.C.B. : of India, 1825 Notes on the Siege of Delhi ;
in 1804, etc. on Sieges in India and on the

;
FYLER, LAWRENCE (1809-1873) Government of India, 1832.

Maj-General : served in the i6th Lancers
in the first Afghan war was at Maharaj- :
GALLWEY, SIR THOMAS JOSEPH
pur, 1843 in the Satlaj campaign of
:
(1852- )
1845-6 at Badiwal and Aliwal (severely

: Born April 1852 son of Henry 14, :
wounded) with the 3rd Lancers in the

: Gallwey educated at Stonyhurst and
:
Panjab campaign, 1848-9 in the Crimea : Royal University, Ireland entered the :
with the 12th Lancers: retired i860 C.B., : Army Medical Department, 1874 and :
1869 died Sep. 21, 1873.

: became Colonel, 1898 served in the :
Afghan war, 1878-80 the Egyptian :
FYTCHE, ALBERT (1820-1892) expedition, 1882 Kassassin and Tel-el- ;
Born 1820 son of John Fytche edu-: : Kebir, the Soudan expedition, 1884-5 ;
cated at Rugby and Addiscombe joined : Dongola expedition, 1896 C.B. Nile ex- : :
the Bengal Army, 1839 served in Arakan : pedition, 1897-8 P.M.O., South Africa, :
against the Wallengs, 1841 entered the : 1899-1901 K.C.M.G. P.M.O., India, since
: :
Arakan Commission, 1845 in the Panjab : 1902.

campaign, 1848-9 at Chilianwala and :
Gvurajat severely wounded

: Deputy :
GAMBIER, SIR EDWARD JOHN
(1794-1879)
Commissioner of Bassein, 1853 constantly :
engaged against the Burmese Commis- : Son of Samuel Gambler, nephew of

sioner of Tenasserim, 1857 Chief Com- : Baron Gambler: born in 1794 educated :
missioner of British Burma, March, 1867- at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge :
March, 1871 negotiated a Treaty with

: Fellow called to the bar at Lincoln's
:
the King of Burma : Maj-General, 1868 : Inn, 1822 a municipal corporation Com-
:
raissioner, Recorder of Prince of
1833 : left America, 1812 travelled to Lisbon,
:
Wales^ Island, and knighted 1834 Puisne : Madrid, Cairo, Trebizond, Astrakhan,
Judge of the Madras Supreme Court, 1836 : Astrabad, Herat (1819), to near Khiva,
Chief Justice, 1842 retired in 1849 died : : Astrakhan, across the Caspian and Aral
;May 31, 1879. Seas, near Uratube, Kunduz, Anderab, to
Afghanistan took service under Habi-
:
GAMBLE, JAMES SYKES (1847- )

bulla Khan, nephew of the Amir Dost
Born July 2, 1847, son of Harpur Muhammad (q.v.), engaged in the fights
Gamble, M.D. : educated at Royal Naval tween them after HabibuUa's flight in
:
School, New Magdalen College,

Cross ; 1826, Gardner wandered, through Kafir-
Oxford and at Nancy, France
; entered : istan, Badakshan, Shighnan, among
the Indian Forest Department, 1871, and the Kirghiz, to Yarkand, Leh, Srinagar,
rose to be Conservator of Forests, N.W.P., Gilgit, Chitral, Kabul, Kandahar (1830),
and Oudh, and Director of Imperial Forest Girishk (imprisioned for 9 months), to
School, Dehra Dun author of A Manual : Kabul, to Dost Muhammad, to Bajour,
of Indian Timbers, 1881 The Bamboos of ;
Peshawar, Lahore (1832), where he joined
British India, 1885 : C.I.E., 1899 : F.R.S. : Ranjit Singh's service, as Colonel of
F.L.S. Artillery engaged in campaigns, in
:
Bannu, against the Afghans (1835), etc. :
GARCIN DE TASSY, JOSEPH HELIO- commanded the Jammu artillery after :
DORE (1794-1878) Ranjit Singh's death (1839), Gardner

shared in the fighting about the succession
French Oriental scholar born Jan. 25, :
and was at Lahore when the first Sikh war

1794 studied Oriental languages under
:
against the British was declared but

Baron Silvestre de Sacy published a work :
:
was given no active part in either Sikh war

on Oriental literature, 1822, in which year :
was exiled from Lahore entered Golab

he was Secretary of the Societe Asiatique, :
Singh's service in Jammu-Kashmir (1846),

then established the first Professor of
:
and remained there till he died at Jammu,

Hindustani at the special school of Oriental
Jan. 22, 1877 buried at Sealkot
: in his :
languages, 1828 he wrote a History of
:
old age was visited by high officers.

Hindi Hindustani Literature, and
and
Hindustani Authors and their Works, the GARDNER, WILLIAM (1821-1897)
Rudiments of Hindustani and Hindi,
Allegories, Poetic Recitations and Popular
Quartermaster-Sergeant entered the :
Songs of Arabic, Persian, Hindustani and 42nd Royal Highlanders, 1841, served
Turkish edited Sir W. Jones' Persian
:
through the Crimea, and through the
Grammar in 1845, and translated El-
mutiny :present at the siege of Delhi,
the capture of Lucknow and the action at
Attar's Language of Birds wrote a num- :
Bareli, where he gained the V.C. for saving

"ber of annual progress reports on the whole
'field on the Muham-
of Indian literature :
the life of Colonel Cameron when attacked
madan on Islam d'apres le Coran,
religion,
by three Ghazis at once, of whom he killed
two retired 1862, and became a drill
1874: on the Rhetoric and Prosody of the
:
instructor of Volunteers died Oct. 1897,

Muslim Nations, and on the religious :
Poetry of the Persians in 1854-5 he :
translated the poet Wall, and The A dven- GARDNER, WILLIAM LINNÛS
Kamrup (1770-1835)
iures of contributed largely to :
the Journals of the Societe Asiatique was :

Son of Major Valentine Gardner, and
a member of the Royal Asiatic Society nephew of the first Lord Gardner entered :
and of the French Institute from 1838 :

the British Army in the 89th foot in 1783.
received the Cross of the Legion of Honour, and, passing through several regiments,
1837 died at Paris, Sep. 3, 1878.
:
was Captain in the 30th foot in 1794,
which he left, to join, in 1798, Maharaja
GARDNER, ALEXANDER HAUGH-
J aswant Rao Holkar of Indore, raising and
TON (1785-1877) commanding a Brigade of Infantry for
Adventurer Colonel :born 1785, in : him. married a Princess of Cambay.
He
N. America, son of a Doctor, a Scotch Holkar accusing Gardner of treachery, the
emigrant educated for 9 years at St.
: latter would have killed the Maharaja, but
Xavier, Mexico was 5 years in Ireland
: : was prevented. He then entered the
i6o DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
service of Amrit Rao at Poona. Leaving ment retained his interest in Indian
such adventurous employment, he joined questions wrote A few Plain Truths about
:
Lord Lake in 1804, and raised and com- India died March 23, 1903.
:
manded a regiment of irregular horse

under him and Sir David Ochterlony in GARVOCK, SIR JOHN ( ? 1878)
Nipal and Rajputana local Lt-Colonel, :
General entered the Army, 1835
: :
1819 his regiment, " Gardner's Horse,"

:
Brig-Major in Sir Harry Smith's Division
became the 2nd Bengal Cavalry. He in the Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 at all the :
settled at Khasganj, N.W.P. died July 29, :

battles on his Staff in the Boer war, 1848,
:
1835. and Kafir war, 1850-2 Q.M.G. in Ceylon : :
Brigadier at Dover commanded the :
GARNETT, ARTHUR WILUAM Peshawar Division succeeded Sir N. :
(1829-1861) Chamberlain in command in the Umbeyla

Son of William Garnett born June i, : campaign, 1863 K.C.B. commanded the : :

: went to : N. district in England, 1866-71 the S. :
India in the Bengal Engineers, 1848 in : district, 1877-8 G.C.B., 1875 died Nov. : :
the siege of Multan in 1848 held the : 10, 1878.

Chenab fords at Gujarat, 1849 :j was in
the pursuit of the Sikhs served in Kohat :
GASELEE, SIR ALFRED (1843- )
in 1850 reconstructed the fort there, and

:
Born June 3, 1843 entered the Indian :
made " Fort Garnett *' and other defensive Army, 1863, and became Colonel, 1893 :
positions and roads on the Afghan frontier :

Brig-General, N.W. Frontier, 1898 : served
engaged in frontier expeditions, and kept in Aybssinian Bizoti expedition, 1868 :
the frontier quiet in the mutiny in the :

expedition, 1869 Jowaki-Afridi expedi- :
P.W.D. Secretariat died in 1861 in :

tion, 1877-8 Afghan war, 1878-80 : :
Calcutta Colonel. :
Kandahar Brevet-Major Zhob Valley,
: :
1884 Hazara, 1891 C.B., 1891

: Isaza, : :
GARSTIN, JOHN (1756-1820) 1892 Waziristan, 1894-5

: Tirah expedi- :
tion, commanding 2nd Brigade, 1897-8 :

Maj -General born 1756 educated for
: :
K.C.B. 1898: Officiating Q.M.G. India,
,
the Army
given a commission, by
:
commanding 2nd class District,
1898 :
George III, in the Engineers the first of :
1 898-1901 commanded British Forces

:
his family to go out to India rose to be :
in China, 1900 Maj-General G.C.I. E., : :
Maj -General of his Corps Surveyor- :
1901.
General of Bengal, and Chief Engineer :
chiefly employed in the construction of GATACRE, JOHN (1841- )
civil works, especially the large " Golah

"
Son of Edward Lloyd Gatacre : born
at Bankipur, intended as a granary in case
1841 : educated privately : joined the
of famine : was also the architect of Bombay Army, 1857, and Bombay Staff
Government House, Calcutta " Garstin's
Corps, 1866 commanded his regt., 1884-
:
:
Place " in that city still preserves his

91 Brig-General
: at Nagpur, 1891-6 :
name translated Paul Frisi's Rivers and

:
Maj-General, 1897 served in the Indian :
Torrents from the Italian, 1818 the work :

mutiny at Khandesh, 1858 China war, :
is dedicated to Warren Hastings, his

i860 Afghan war, 1879-80
: Burmese :
friend and patron died Feb. 16, 1820 : :

expedition, 1886-8 C.B. 1887. :
and was buried at Calcutta.

GATACRE, SIR WILLIAM FORBES
GARTH, SIR RICHARD (1820-1903) (1843- )
Son of the Rev. Richard

born Garth : Born 1843 entered the Army, 1862 : :
March 11, 1820 educated at Eton and : Staff College, 1874 served in the Hazara :
Christ Church, Oxford he was Captain : expedition as D.A.G. and D. Q.M.G., 1888 :
of the Oxford cricket eleven in 1840 and D.S.O. Burma, 1889: Chitral, 1895 : :
1841: called to the bar, at Lincoln's Inn, in C.B. Soudan, 1898

: K.C.B. President : :
1847 was Q.C. and a Bencher in 1866

: : of the Plague Committee, Bombay, 1897 :
was Conservative M.P. for Guildford, commanded 3rd Division in S. Africa,

1866-8 and Chief Justice of Bengal from
: 1 899-1900 : Maj-General commanding
1875 to 1886 knighted in 1875 made a
: : the loth Division, 4th Army Corps, at
Privy Councillor, 1889 after his retire- : Colchester till 1904.
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY i6i
GAURISHANKAR UDAYASHANKAR GENTIL, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH

(1805-1891) (1726-1799)
Born Aug. 21, 1805 entered the service : Born at Bagnols, June 25, 1726: of
of the Bhaunagar State in 1822 was : noble family : in 1752 went out to India
employed in various political and revenue as officer in an Infantry regt. : served
duties became Assistant Diwan in 1839,
: with distinction under Dupleix, Law of
and Diwan in 1846 introducing many : Lauriston, Lally, etc. After the collapse
judicial, and revenue reforms, and asserted of the French power in India and the
the State's rights against its neighbours :
surrender of Pondicherry to the English,
developed its port, commerce, roads, etc. in 1761, Gentil served for a time under
appointed Joint Administrator of the State Mir Kasim, Nawab of Bengal, then under
during a minority C.S.I, in 1877 retired : : Shuja-ud-daula, Nawab of Oudh, who
from the service of the State in 1879 in :
loaded him with honours was most :
1886, became a Sanyasi, i.e. ascetic, generous in helping less fortunate fellow
renouncing the world known as Swami : countrymen, and enrolled a body of them
Satchidanund Saras vati died Dec. i, :
to serve under the Nawab after the :
1891. defeat of the Nawab at Baxar, Gentil

helped to negotiate peace between him
GAWLER, JOHN COX ? -1882) and the English after Shuja-ud-daula's :
(
death in i775. Gentil was compelled by
Colonel served with the 73rd regt. in
:
the English to leave, and in 1778 returned
the Kafir war, 1850-3 in the engage- :
to France appointed Colonel of Infantry
: :
ments district adjutant of Natal at the
:
was already Chevalier of St. Louis, 1771 :
end of the war in the Indian mutiny,

:
died in poverty, having lost his pension
towards the end in 1 860-1 commanded :
at the Revolution, at Bagnols, Feb. 15,
as Brigadier a considerable Field Force author of Memoires sur Vlndoustan,
1799 •
against the Raja of Sikhim took the Raja's :

Histoire des Radjahs de VHindoustan^
residence, and forced him to accept the etc. his collection of Persian MSS.
: is in
treaty dictated to him penetrated to the :
the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
Tibet frontier Keeper of H.M.'s regalia
:
at the Tower of London died July 31, :
1882.
GERARD, ALEXANDER (1792-1839)
Son of Gilbert Gerard, D.D. and
GEARY, GRATTAN ( ? -1900) brother of James Gilbert {q.v.) and
Patrick [q.v.) born Feb. 17, 1792 :
Editor of the Times of India and :

joined the Bengal N.I. in 1808 employed :
subsequently acquired the Bombay Gazette :
in siurvey work in 1812-7 and after, and

took a prominent part in Bombay muni-
1825-7 ascended great heights in the
:
cipal affairs and was at one time Chairman
Himalayas and penetrated into Tibet
of the Corporation wrote Through :
in 1 82 1, he ascended the Charang Pass,
Asiatic Turkey : a Narrative of a lourney
over 17,000 ft. the Keeobrang Pass, over
;
from Bombay to the Bosphorus, 1878 :
18,000 ft. and Mount Tahigung, over

,
an able and indefatigable worker^;
writer,
22,000 ft. travelled from Sabathu to
;
exerted no little influence on public events
Shipki in Chinese Tartary, and from
in India : died Sep. 1900.
Shipki to Chinese Tibet, and wrote an
account of his attempt to penetrate to
GELL, RIGHT REV. FREDERICK the lake Mansarowar he retired early :
(1810-1902) from ill-health, in 1836 died Dec. 15, :
Son of Rev. PhiHp Ge'i educated al :

1839.
Trinity College, Cambridge Scholar : :
Bell University Scholar Fellow of Christ's :

GERARD, JAMES GILBERT (1796-
College, 1843 1835)
ordained, 1843
: lecturer :
and tutor Cambridge Preacher at Chapel

: Son of Gilbert Gerard, D.D. bom :
Royal, Whitehall Domestic Chaplain to :

1795 :entered the E.I. Co.'s Bengal
Bishop of London (Dr. Tait) Bishop of : medical service in 1814 accompanied :
Madras, 1861-9^ when he retired died : his brother Alexander in his Himalayan
at Coonoor, March 25, 1902 D.D. : travels: in 1831 went with (Sir Alexander)
1 62 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
Burnes {q.v.) to Bokhara, though in bad Cuddalore, he interceded, to prevent
health detained by illness at Mashad
: destruction of British life and property :
and Herat, and died, worn out, at Sabathu, on its capture, in 1782, he removed to
March 31, 1835. His scientific accuracy Negapatam he took charge of the
till
was valuable in connexion with the Vepery Mission, 1788, whence he visited
geographical information acquired by the other stations appointed Dutch trans-
:
expedition. lator, 1792 Naval Chaplain of H.M.S.

:
Victorious and of the Naval Hospital at

GERARD, SIR MONTAGU GILBERT Vepery, 1 796-1 803 Chaplain and Secre- :
(1843-1905) tary of the Female Orphan Asylum,

General born 1843 son of Colonel
: :
Madras, 1788-1803 fortunate in his :
speculations with the Mission balances,

Archibald Gerard educated at Stony- :
and died rich, leaving a considerable sum

hurst entered the R.A., 1864, and
:
to the Vepery Mission in personal :

Bengal vStaff Corps, 1870 Central India :
character stood high with the Govern-

Horse, 1870-95 served in Abyssinia, :
1868 Brig-Major in the Afghan war,

:
ment died on a visit to Vellore, 1803.
:
1878-80 in the advance to Kabul: in the

:
Kabul- Kandahar march and battle of GHOSE, CHUNDER MADHAB

Kandahar Brevets Major and : Lt- (1838- )
Colonel in the campaign in Egypt,

: Son of Rai Persad Bahadur Durga
1882, as D.A.A. and Q.M.G. at Tel-el- : Ghose, Deputy Collector born Feb. 26, :
Kebir C.B. on Secret Service in Persia,

: : 1838 educated at the Hindu and Presi-
:
1881-2, and 1885 Military Attache, St. : dency Colleges passed the Pleadership
:
Petersburg, 1892-3 Commissioner for : examination, 1859 was Government :
Delimitation of Pamir Boundary, 1895 ; Pleader at Burdwan, 1860-2 practised as :
General commanding Hyderabad Con- pleader in the Sadr Court, 1862, and as
tingent, 1896-9 commanding Oudh : Vakil of the High Court from 1862, attain-
District, 1899 C.S.I., 1896 K.C.S.I., : : ing a prominent position Member of the :
1897 K.C.B., 1902

: attached to the : Bengal Legislative Council, 1883-5 Fel- :
Russian Forces in Manchuria, 1904-5 low of the Calcutta University, 1885 :
died of pneumonia at Irkutsk, July, 1905 : President of the Board of Examiners for
wrote Leaves from the Diaries of a Soldier Pleaders, 1892 Puisne Judge of the
:
and Sportsman during Twenty Years' Service Calcutta High Court, from Jan. 12, 1885 :
in India, Afghanistan, Egypt, and Other Fellow of the Calcutta University and
Countries, 1865-85. President of the Faculty of Law has :
established charitable institutions in his

native village is President of the Bengal
GERARD, PATRICK (1794-1848)
:
Kayastha Sabha.
Son of Gilbert Gerard, D.D., and
brother of Alexander and James Gilbert
born June
GHOSE, GRISH CHANDRA,
11, 1794 entered the Bengal :
(1829-1869)
N.I., in 1812 Captain, 1828 invalided, : :
1832 died Oct. 4, 1848

: recorded obser- :
Born 1829 educated at the Oriental
:
vations on the climate of Sabathu and Seminary established a weekly paper.

:
Kotghar, and wrote on meteorology, and The Bengal Recorder, in 1849 in 1850 :
the Himalayas and their mineral pro- entered Military Pay Examiners'
the
ducts, in scientific journals. office, of which he ultimately became the
Registrar, drawing a salary of Rs. 350 a
month. The B ngal Recorder was con-
GERICKE, REV. CHRISTIAN WIL-
verted into the Hindu Patriot in 1853,
HELM (1742-1803)
and Haris Chandra Mukerji became its
A devoted Danish missionary and principal editor, but Grish
Chandra con-
evangelist native of Colberg in Pomer-
: tinued his crnnexion with the paper as
ania : graduate of Halle reached : a contributjr. In 1859, he and his
Tranquebar, 1767 to Cuddalore, 1767, : brother were introduced into the Dalhousie
joining the S.P.C.K. and Hutteman Institute fo ; their literary attainments :
there assisted at Trichinopoly

: during : in 1861, fhe Bengalee newspaper was
the attack by Mysoreans and French on started, and Grish Chandra accepted the
editorship in addition to his own official against the open competitive examinations
duties in 1868 he published a Life of
: for the Indian Civil Service. In 1885, he
Ram Dulal Dey (^.u.) the Bengali million- was sent to England as delegate from
aire :died suddenly in Sep. 1869. Bengal, to speak on Indian questions :
visited England again in 1887, 1890, 1895,

GHOSE, KARA CHANDRA (1808-1868) sometimes with his family. As a barrister,
Educated at the Hindu College under he was engaged in several notable cases,
David Hare {q.v.), and Derozio {q.v.):w3iS and achieved great success. He became,
appointed a Munsif in 1832 and rose high in 1873, Secretary of the Bethune College,
in the native judicial service. In 1852 he and, as a member of the National Con-
was made junior Magistrate of Calcutta, gress, was a strong advocate for the
and in 1854 a Judge of the Small Cause separation of judicial and executive
Court held the post till his death in
:
functions of District Officers Fellow of :
1868. His bust, in marble, was placed in the Calcutta University died Oct. 17, :
the main entrance of the Court. 1896.
GHOSE, KASI PRASAD (1809-1873) GHOSE, RAM GOPAL (1815-1868)

Born Aug. 1809 admitted as a free
:
Son of a petty shopkeeper born Oct. :
scholar in the Hindu College, Oct. 1821 :

1815 : educated at the Hindu College in
in Dec. 1828, reviewed MilVs History of
Calcutta. He early entered on a mercan-
tile career, and after gaining experience,
British India at the request of Prof. H. H.
first as banian and later as partner in a
Wilson for the Government Gazette and
the Asiatic lournal in 1829 left the :
European firm, he, with his acquired
Hindu in 1831, published his first
College :
capital,opened a firm under the name of
volume, Shairand other Poems in 1834 pub- R. G. Ghose & Co., with a branch at
:
lished, anonymously, his Memoir of Native Akyab. He was a very active member
of the Bengal Chamber of Commerce.
Indian Dynasties, which had previously
appeared in D. L. Richardson's Literary In 1849 he was offered the post of Second
Gazette in 1840, Richardson included
;
Judge of the Calcutta Small Cause Court,
but declined it. He was one of the earliest
some of his poetical compositions in his
" politicians " in Bengal, taking part in
Selections from the British Poets in :
Nov. 1846, he established the all politicalmovements,'and was connected

weekly
with several literary and self -improvement
journal, The Hindu Intelligencer, which
he discontinued in 1857 on the passing of
associations. He brought out one or
" The Gagging Act " by Lord Canning in two newspapers, and attempted to rouse
:
the sympathy of the British public with

1838, the Dharma Sabha was founded :
he opposed all social reforms was a :

Indian grievances was a recognized
:
leader of the Native community, as a

Justice of the Peace of the City of Calcutta,
reformer, a patriot, an eloquent speaker,
and Honorary Presidency Magistrate
died Nov. 11, 1873.
and in force of character, and did much
to advance native society through his :
GHOSE, MAN MOHAN (1844-1896) exertions a statue was erected to David

Hare took a leading part in defence of
:
Lawyer born March, 1844 a member

: :
what were termed " The Black Acts " in
of an old Kayastha family in Bikrampur,
1849 : took great interest in education,
in the district of Dacca son of Ram :
and was one of the first to send his daugh-
Lochan Ghose, a Subordinate Judge and was a Fellow
ter to the Bethune School :
friend of Raja Rammohan Roy, with

of the University, and of various Societies :
whose views he sympathized educated :

Hony. Magistrate and J. P. for Calcutta :
at the Krishnagar Collegiate School and

appointed by Government a member of
the Presidency College, Calcutta. In several committees on the Council of
:
1 861,he founded the Indian Mirror, then

Education, 1848-55: Member of the
issued fortnightly in 1862, he went to
:
Bengal Legislative Council, 1862-4 died :
England and stood for the Indian Civil

Jan. 25, 1868.
Service Examination in 1864 and 1865,
but without success in 1866, he was :
GHULAM HASSAN KHAN, NAWAB
called to the bar, and in 1867 joined the SIR ( ? -1881)
Calcutta High Court as the first Indian An Alizai Pathan : son of Ashik Mu-
barrister : delivered a series of lectures hammad Khan, ruler of the Tonk sub-
division of Dera Ismail Khan under of the Madras Army : the Satr, or Siyar-
Ranjit Singh : offered his services to ul-mutakherin (its usual name) has been
Government distinguished himself by
: highly regarded by great authorities.
capturing Fort Laki when held by Sikh
rebels in 1848, and frustrated the advance GIB, SIR WILLIAM ANTHONY
of the rebel garrison of Bannu to Multan (1827- )
aided Reynell Taylor {q.v.) at Bannu, Born Jan. 9, 1827: son of Colin Gib,
1 85 1-7 in 1857-8 as native commandant
:
R.N. educated privately joined Madras
: :
took to Lahore the Multan' horse, 2,000 Army, 1843 served in Khandesh, 1844,
:
strong, which he had raised under :

and Indian mutiny, 1857-9 commanded :
Colonel Cureton, C.B., led them in 15 the 25th expeditionary

regt. M.I. in
general actions for five years after the :
force to Malta, a1878 : commanded
mutiny, 1859-64, was Envoy at Kabul Brigade in Afghan war,
1879-80, and
and accompanied the Afghan army to troops in action of Mazina C.B. held : :
Herat Nawab, 1863

: C.S.I., 1868 : :
various civil and military appointments
commanded the Bahawalpur Army, 1868 :
in India, including the command of the
on the Staff of H.R.H. the Prince of ist class District of Sikandarabad
Wales, 1875-6 was sent in advance to :
General : K.C.B., 1897.
the Amir of Kabul in 1878 was a trusted :
and honoured counsellor during the GIBBS, JAMES (1825-1886)

campaigns of 1878-80 at Kandahar and
Kabul was made hereditary Nawab
:
I.C.S. born 1825 son of Right Hon.
: :
Michael Gibbs, Lord Mayor, 1845 edu-

and K.C.S.I. and given jagirs : was :
cated at Merchant Taylors' and Hailey-

officially declared to be " a gallant soldier,
bury, 1844-6 called to the bar at the
an able counsellor and a chivalrous :
gentleman " died 1881. :

Inner Temple, 1864 went to Bombay :
in the Civil Service, 1846 Judicial :
GHULAM HUSSEIN KHAN TABA- Assistant to the Commissioner in Sind :
TABA, SYAD ? - ? ( ) Special Commissioner for Income Tax,

i860 President of the Income Tax
Muhammadan nobleman his maternal :
:
Commission : Judge of Poona, 1864 :

ancestors were Syads Zainul-abidin :
Puisne Judge of the High Court, Bombay :

was his maternal grandfather related, :
President of the Asiatic Society, Bombay :

as a cousin, to Aliverdi of Bihar son of :
Member of Council, Bombay, April, 1874,
Hidayat Ali Khan, a Deputy Governor
of Bihar born at Shahjahanabad
to April, 1879 Member of the Supreme :
: Mir :
Council, May, 1880, to May, 1885 Vice-

Munshi, or Secretary, of the Mogul Em-
:
Chancellor of the Bombay University,

peror resided at the Court of the Nawab
:
1870-9 died Oct. 30, 1886

: C.S.I. : :
of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa representa- :
tive of Mir Kasim [q.v.) at Calcutta, until

CLE.
removed served under the British
:
befriended by General Goddard, Resident

:
GIBBS, SIR SAMUEL ( ? -1815)

at Chunarghar entered, with permission, : Joined the 102nd foot in 1783 served :
the Nawab of Oudh's service for a time :

in Canada,at Gibraltar, the Mediterranean,
left it wrote the Siyar-almuta' akhkhirin,
: at Ostend, in the W. Indies, 1799 com- :
a " Review of Modern Times," i.e. " The manded the 59th at the Cape, 1805-6 :
Manners of the Moderns, the Chronicle of and in the Travancore war, 1808-9 :
the Decay Mogul Empire and of the was in the expedition of 181 1 under Sir S.
Muhammadan Domination of India, during Auchmuty to Java distinguished him- :
the reigns of the seven last emperors of self at Fort Cornells, and led the final
:
Hindustan, written in Persian, showing attack on the Dutch General Janssens :
the progress of the English in Bengal up then left India in Holland, in 18 12 in : :
to 1780 A.D. " translated by M. Raymond : the United States, in the attack on New
{q.v.), a French Creole, who assumed the Orleans severely wounded, and died
:
name of Haji Mustapha published in : Jan. 9, 1815 K.C.B. Maj-General.

: :
1789 dedicated to Warren Hastings

: it :
was lost at sea on the way to England a :

GIBSON, ALEXANDER (1800-1867)
subsequent edition of about one-sixth of Born Oct. 24, 1800 M.D. : of Edinburgh :
the work was issued by General J. Briggs went to India in the E.I. Co.'s medical
service in 1825 served in the Indian : who surrendered to him at Hoormuck

navy vaccinator for the Dekkan and
: and Rawul Pindi, the Afghans flying to
Khandesh, 1836 studied botany and : the Khyber G.C.B. Baronet in 1851 :
: :
agriculture Superintendent of the Dapuri

: Military Member of the Supreme Council,
botanic garden near Poona, 1838-67 : Dec. 1852, to Feb. 1853 he was a famous :
aimed at introducing new trees and plants sportsman, and paid much attention to
and drugs Conservator of Forests,
: horse-racing died May 12, 1853.
:
Bombay, 1847-60 F.L.S., 1853 wrote : :
on Bombay Forests and Flora died Jan. :

GILCHRIST, JOHN BORTHWICK
16, 1867. (1759-1841)
GIDHOUR, MAHARAJA SIR JAI Born in 1759 : educated at Heriot's

Hospital, Edinburgh to Calcutta in the
MANGAL SINGH BAHADUR, :
OF ? -1889) E.I. medical service, 1794

Co.'s was :
(
the first to reduce to a system the lan-
During the Sonthal he rebellion, 1855, guage, then unsettled, called Hindustani
rendered valuable service to the Govern- published a dictionary and grammar in
ment, for which he received rewards it, and popularized its study he was :
during the Sepoy mutiny he helped the also well versed in Sanskrit and Persian :
Government greatly in the protection of the Marquis Wellesley made him Principal
Bihar, and was made " Maharaja Baha- of the College of Fort William at Calcutta
dur," and K.C.S.I. a jagir was granted :
in 1800 he supervised the preparation
:
to him in 1864 during the Bengal famine :

of works in Hindu and Urdu by native
of 1874 he gave great assistance, and the scholars, and himself wTote chiefly on
title of " Maharaja " was extended to his those languages left India in : 1804
son in 1877, at the Delhi Imperial
:
LL.D. of Edinburgh acted as Oriental :
Assemblage, this title was made hereditary Professor at Haileybury, Feb. to May,
in his family he died in 1889 grand-
: :
: taught privately :
father of Maharaja Sir Ravaneshwar in Oriental languages, 181 6-8 Professor :
Singh iq.v.). of Hindustani at the Oriental Institution,

1818-26: his method of obtaining re-
GIDHOUR, MAHARAJA SIR RAVANE- muneration for his teaching, by the sale
SHAR PRASAD SINGH BAHA- of his works, was irregular, and he turned
DUR, OF (1860- : to abusing his employers. After giving
Member Bengal Legislative Council,
of up his Professorship, he taught Hin- still
1893-5, and 1895-7 and 1901 title of :

dustani for a time died in Paris, Jan. 9, :
Maharaja made hereditary, 1877 K.C.I.E. :

1841 a scholarship in his name was
:
1895. founded in Calcutta.
GILBERT, SIR WALTER RALEIGH, GILDEMEISTER, JOHANNES GUS-

BARONET (1785-1853) TAV (1812-1890)
Son Rev. Edmund Gilbert
of born : Born July 20, 1812, at Klein Siemen in
1785 joined the 15th Bengal N.I, in
: Mecklenburg: studied theology and
1 801 present at the actions at Alighar,
: Oriental languages at Gottingen and
Delhi, Agra, Laswari in 1803, at Deeg Boon Sanskrit under Schlegel and Las-
:
and Lake's unsuccessful attacks on sen : Privat-docent at Bonn, 1839, for

Bhartpur Commandant of the Calcutta
: Oriental languages and literature Extra- :
native militia, 1815 Superintendent of : ordinary Professor at Bonn, 1844 Pro- :
the Mysore Princes, 1816, and on Lord fessor, in 1845, of theology and Oriental
Hastings' Staff: A.G.G. on the S.W. literature at the University of Marburg
frontier, 1822 Colonel of the ist Euro-
: also Librarian there for ten years: Professor
pean Fusiliers, 1832 Maj -General, 1841 : : of Oriental languages and literature at
Lt-General, 185 1 commanded a Division : Bonn, 1859, retaining this post till his
in the first Sikh war at Mudki, Firozshahr, death, on March 11, 1890. A contro-
and Sobraon K.C.B., 1846 and in the
: : versialist as well as a scholar : of wide and
Panjab campaign at Chilianwala and : varied interests and learning : thorough
Gujarat after the last-named battle he
: and conscientious in all his work a great :
commanded in the pursuit of the Sikhs, teacher and noted librarian yet has left :
no great monument of his industry behind Newmarket : joined the 3rd Irish Horse
him. Among his works on Indian sub- in 1783 was acquitted on a verdict of
:
jects are Die falsche Sanskrit-philologie,

:
" justifiable homicide," after shooting a
1840 ; Bihliothecac Sanskritae specimen, man in a duel: went to Jamaica, 1792:
1847 ; a new edition of Lassen's Antho- recovered from yellow fever to St. :
logia Sanskritica, 1865 ; one of the founders Domingo fired on while swimming with
:
of the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesell- a flag of truce Adjutant-General at St.

:
schaft. Domingo, 1796 personally killed six out :
of eight men attacking him received a :
GILL, ROBERT ( ? -1876)

sword of honoiu: from the Jamaica House
Major antiquary, artist and sports-
: of Assembly tried by court martial at
:
man entered the Indian Army in 1842

: : Colchester, 1804 honourably acquitted : :
his regimental service was apparently stationed at Arcot in Madras from there, :
uneventful he is remembered for his work,

: 14 miles off, rescued the survivors of the
as follows. In 1844, the Court of Direc- 69th foot from the mutineers at Vellore,
tors of the E.I. Co. ordered that copies July 10, 1806 commanded the cavalry
:
should be made of the frescoes in the against Ranjit Singh in 1809 command- :
Buddhist excavations at Ajanta Gill : ant at Bangalore commanded the :
was appointed about 1844-6 to the work, Mysore Division was Brig-General in :
and spent the remainder of his life, about 181 1 :commanded the advance of Sir S.
thirty years, at Ajanta, doing it living : Auchmuty's expedition to Java led the :
in the sarai in which Colonel (Sir) Arthur attack at Cornells left in command at :
Wellesley (q.v.) had quarters after Assaye. Java : deposed the Sultan of Palimbang
With great labour. Gill, working in feverish in Sumatra defeated Javanese chiefs
:
jungle, and in dark recesses (haunted by at Yodhyakarta Maj-General, 1812 : :
wild animals), copied in full size and oils left Java : commanded at Meerut : and a
the principal frescoes, about thirty in Division in the Nipal war killed, leading :
number, and sent them to England, about an attack on Fort Kalanga, near Deyra
1855. Of these paintings, twenty-five, Doon, Oct. 31, 1814 but named as :
exhibited at the Crystal Palace, were burnt K.C.B. on Jan. i, 1815 a monument to :
in 1866 five at the India office escaped

: : him by Chantrey in St. Paul's Cathedral.
some of those burnt had been copied by His military actions were all distinguished
George Scharf to illustrate the works of by his reckless courage he was also a :
Mrs. Manning. The Ajanta frescoes were keen sportsman.

again copied, under Government orders,
in 1872-85 by Mr. John Griffiths, Princi-
GIRAUD, HERBERT JOHN (1817-1888)
pal of the Bombay School of Art and the :
Son John Thomas Giraud
of born :
results were published, 1896. Other April 14, 1817 took his M.D. degree at
:
drawings by Gill, i.e., of ground plans of Edinburgh University, 1840 entered the :
the caves, and architectural details, are E.I. Co.'s Bombay

Medical Service, 1842 :
still preserved he was also an expert

:
Professor of Chemistry and Botany, and
photographer, as shown in his two books, afterwards Principal of the Grant Medical
viz. The Rock-cut Temples of India, illus- College, Bombay : Principal of Sir
trated by his 74 photographs, 1864 and :
Jamsetji Jijibhai's Hospital Chemical :
One Hundred Stereoscopic Illustrations of Analyst to the Bombay Government :
Architecture and Natural History in W. Deputy Inspr-General of the Army Medi-

India, 1864, both books with descriptions cal Service Fellow of the Bombay
:
by J. Fergusson {q.v.). Gill, as a sportsman, University Surgeon on the Staff of

:
killed above 150mostly on foot, tigers, several Governors of Bombay stated to :
his name being well knownfor his prowess have been the first to introduce the study
for nearly half a century he died while :
of chemistry and botany into W. India :
being conveyed, very ill, from Ajanta to wrote papers on chemical and botanical
Bhosawal, where he was buried. subjects, including toxicology, for scienti-
fic journals retired, 1867
: died Jan. 12, :
GILLESPIE, SIR ROBERT ROLLO 1888.

(1766-1814) GLADWIN, FRANCIS ( ? -1813?)
Of an old Scottish family born Jan. 21, : Was Bengal Army
in the encouraged :
1766 educated at Kensington and near

: by Warren Hastings in his studies in
Oriental literature : translated a portion of Commissioner of the Land-Tax : died

of Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari, 1783-6 April 23, 1866, and the title became
member of the Asiatic Society of Ben- extinct. ;
gal published a History of Hindustan,

:
1788 a number
: of translations of GOBLET D'ALVIELLA, COUNT
Persian writers, including the Gulistan :
EUGENE (1846- )
a Persian-Hindustani-English dictionary, Born Aug. 10, 1846, at Brussels son :
1809 was first Professor of Persian at

: of Count Louis Goblet d'Alviella, member
the College of Fort William, 1801 Col- :
of the Belgian House of Representatives :
lector of Customs at Patna, 1802 Com- :

educated at Brussels and Paris took :
missary resident at Patna, 1808 he died :

the degrees of D.Polit.Science, D.LL. and
about 1813. D.Phil., at Brussels : called to the bar :
became a member
the Provincial of
GLEIG, REV. GEORGE ROBERT Council of Brabant, 1872 managed, :
(1796-1888) 1874-92, the Revue de Belgique : in 1875,

accompanied H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
Born April 1796: son of Bishop
20,
to India, as special correspondent of the
George Gleig educated at Glasgow and
:
Independence Beige afterwards visited :

Balliol Oxford
College, entered the :
Sikhim and the Buddhist monasteries on
Army, 1812 served in the Peninsula and
:
the Tibet frontier sat in the Belgian :
America took his degree, 1819
: or- :
House of Representatives, 1878-84
dained, 1820 Chaplain of Chelsea
:
member of the Senate, 1892 Secretary :
Hospital, 1834 Chaplain-General of the
:
of the Senate since 1900 appointed :
Forces, 1844-75 died July 9, 1888 : :
Professor of the History of Religions in

wrote largely for Reviews and Magazines :
1884, and still occupies this post Hibbert :
also, among other works. The Life of Sir
Lecturer at Oxford and London, 1891 :
Thomas Munro, The History of India,

1896-8, Rector of the University of
Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan, Lives of
" Lord Clive," and " Warren Hastings.'^ Brussels : 1897, elected President of the
Royal Academy of Belgium Senator of :
Belgium, 1894 Secretary of the Senate

:
GLENELG, CHARLES GRANT, BARON since 1900 author of works dealing

:
(1778-1866) with both the ancient civilization and the

Son of Charles
(q.v.) born Oct. Grant :
modern development of India under
26, 1778, at Kidderpur,Bengal came to :
British rule Inde et Himalaya ; Souvenirs
:
England, 1790 educated at Magdalen :

de Voyage, \^77, 1880 ; UHistoire re-
College, Cambridge Fellow won Claud- : :
ligieuse chez les Anglais, les Americains, et
ius Buchanan's {q.v.) University Prize les Hindous, 1884 La Migration des ;
poem on "The Restoration of Learning in Symboles, 1891 ; Ce que VInde doit a la

the East " called to the bar at Lincoln's
:
Grece, 1897 : and numerous articles on
Inn, Jan. 30, 1807 M.P. from 18 11-35 :
the people and religions of India in the
for Inverness and the county Lord of :
Revue de Belgique, Revue des Deux Mondes,
the Treasury, 1813 Chief Secretary for :
etc. :M.R.A.S. LL.D. of the University :
Ireland, 1819-23 and Privy Councillor : :

of Glasgow, 1901.
Vice-President of the Board of Trade,
1823-7 President of the Board, and
:
GODDARD, THOMAS (1740P-1783)
Treasurer of the Navy, 1827-8 President : Grandson of Thomas Goddard, Canon
of the Board of Control from Nov. 22, of Windsor at Madras with his regiment
:
1830, to Dec. 15, 1834. It devolved on under Coote, 1 75 9-61 at the capture of :
him to carry the Bill, in 1833, for the Pondicherry, Jan. 16, 1761 in the 84th :
renewal of the E.I. Co.'s charter the : regt. in the Bengal campaign, 1763 -
Company retained its political status, but joined the Bengal Army raised " God- :
its property was vested in the Crown : dard's battalion " of sepoys at Murshida-
the Bishopric in India was increased. He bad in 1764 served in quelling the
:
was Secretary for the Colonies, 1835-9 : mutiny at Patna, 1766 at capture of :
.made a peer in 1835 abolished West : Burrareah, near Chapra, 1770 and :
Indian Slavery his policy in Canada

: against the Mahrattas in Rohilkund, 1772 :
was attacked on all sides, and he resigned in command at Berhampur, 1774 and '•
in 1839, receiving a pension and the office of the contingent at Lucknow, 1776 com- :
manded, in succession to Colonel Leslie, Force in the second Burmese war, 1852-3 :
the Bengal
contingent which marched captured Rangoon, April, 1852, Bassein
across India to aid the Bombay Army in May, Pegu in June commanded the :
against the Mahrattas, 1778-81 : took Sirhind Division died at Simla, Oct. 26,
:
Mhow Ahmadabad on Feb. 15, 1780

: : 1853, from the effects of the Burmese
defeated Sindia captured Bassein, Dec.
: campaigns made K.C.B., but died
:
II, 1780: threatened Poona Goddard : before the notification reached him.
was compelled to retreat treaty with :
Sindia, Oct. 1781 Brig-General ap- : :

GODWIN-AUSTEN, HENRY HAVER-
pointed C. in C. of the Bombay Army :
SHAM (1834- )
retired for ill-health died at sea, off the : Born July 1834 son of Robert A. C.
6, :
Land's End, July 7, 1783. Godwin-Austen, a distinguished geolo-

gist educated at Sandhurst
: entered :
GODEHEU, M. ( ? - ? ) the Army, 1851 went to India, 1852

: :
served in the second Burmese war and

Member Council at Chandernagore
of
and befriended by Dupleix while the Panjab entered the Trigonometrical
:
latter was the Intendant there, before

Survey of India, 1857 surveyed large :
tracts in the Himalayas on special

1741 Director of the Company of the
:
:
Indies in France sent out by the French :

duty with Bhutan Field Force, 1864
Ministry as Commissary of the French President of Section E (Geography) of
King, and Governor-General of the French British Association, 1883 author of On :
the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of

Settlements, to supersede Dupleix, con-
British India, 1882-99 contributed to '•
clude peace with the English, and examine

several scientific Journals on geology,
Dupleix's accounts reached Pondicherry, :
Aug. I, 1754 ruined Dupleix by rejecting

:
ethnology and natural history Lt- :
Colonel retired, 1877.

his claims for sums advanced from his
:
private means, and by his reports in :

GOETHALS, MOST REV. ARCH-
negotiating with Saunders, the English
BISHOP (1833-1901)
Governor at Madras, Godeheu reversed
Dupleix's policy, and gave up nearly all
Born 1833, Belgium of a family of
in :
wealth and influence had a distinguished

:
the points at issue, thus diminishing the
career in Europe was Count of the
:
French position in India left Pondi- :
cherry for France in Feb. 1755.

Roman Empire, and a Domestic Chaplain
to the Pope, before he went to Calcutta in
GODLEY, SIR JOHN ARTHUR 1878, to be, at first, Bishop like the :
(1847- other Vicariates and Prefects Apostolic in

)
India, he was subject to the Archbishop
Born June 11, 1847, son of J. R. God- at Goa from 1886, under the concordat
:
ley :educated at Rugby and Balliol between the Portuguese authorities at

College, Oxford Hertford, Ireland and:
Goa and the Vatican, he became Arch-
Eldon Law Scholar Fellow of Hertford :
bishop under the constitution issued by
College, 1874 Private Secretary to Mr.
:
the Pope, which converted the 16 Vicariates
Gladstone when Prime Minister, 1872- into regular dioceses and appointed him
4 and 1880-2 Commissioner of Inland
:
Archbishop by special proclamation.
Revenue, 1882-3 Under Secretary of :
He was thus, for 15 years, head of the
State for India since 1883 K.C.B., 1893. :
Roman Catholic Church in India, under
the direction of the Congregation of the
GODWIN, SIR HENRY THOMAS Propaganda at Rome he devoted his :
(1784-1853) energies and his wealth to the interests

Joined the 9th foot in 1799 served in ' of the See, especially in the development
Hanover in 1805 in the Peninsula, : of churches, convents and schools died :
1808 Brevet-Major and C.B.

: went to : at Calcutta, July 4, 1901 described as :
India as Lt-Colonel of the 41st, 1822 : a most distinguished prelate and true,
throughout the first Burmese war, 1824-6, devoted friend to India.
including capture of Rangoon and occupa-
tion of Martaban Ma j -General, 1846 : :
GOLDNEY, PHILIP (1802-1857)
commanded a Division in Bengal, 1850 : Son of Thomas Goldney born Nov. :
and held the Command-in-Chief of the 21, 1802 : educated privately entered :
the E.I. Co.'s Bengal Army, 1821 served : ment system of Western India, and
in Sind, from 1844 became Collector- : applied it, 1835-45 Private Secretary to :
Magistrate there in the expedition to

: Sir G. R. Clerk, Governor of Bombay,
the Trucki hills had great influence
: 1847-8 Secretary in the Revenue Depart-
:
over the Beluchis increased the area of: ment in 1848, and Chief Secretary, 1854.
canal cultivation commanded a Brigade
: He was the founder of a school of revenue
sent to annex Oudh in charge of the : officers who gave effect to the ryotwari
Faizabad Division, when the mutiny of system of direct tenure of the cultivators
1857 broke out fortified the town
: : from the Government as landlord the :
compelled to leave in boats killed at : system generally adopted in W. India :
Begamji, on the Gogra, 30 miles from Goldsmid died at Cairo, Jan. 3, 1855.
Faizabad, about Jime 9, 1857.
GOLDSTUCKER, THEODORE
GOLDNEY, THOMAS HOLLROW (1821-1872)
(1847- )
Born Jan. 18, 1821, at Konigsberg
Born Oct. 1847 son of Colonel
10, : educated at the University, Konigsberg,
Philip Goldney, Bengal Array educated : 1836, and at Bonn, studying Sanskrit
privately joined the English Army, and
: under Schlegel and Lassen, devoting him-
subsequently the Bengal StaEE Corps self chiefly to philosophy and Oriental
served in Sikhim expedition, 1888 ex- : languages stayed in Paris and Berlin, but
:
pedition to Dongola, 1896 N.W. Frontier : finally lived in England, 1850, when he was
of India, 1897, relief of Chakdara : Moh- appointed Professor of Sanskrit, Univer-
mand expedition, 1897-8 : C.B. : Colonel. sity College, London : held this post till
his death an authority on Sanskrit

:
GOLDSMID, SIR FREDERICK JOHN philology he wrote on Panini, his Place

:
(1818- ) in Sanskrit Literature, 1861 an unfinished ;
Maj-General son of Lionel P. Gold-

:
Dictionary, Sanskrit and English an ;
smid : educated at Paris and King's edition de luxe of the Mahabhashya, an

College, London entered the Madras
:
Indian Commentary on Panini's Grammar,
Army, 1839 served in China war, 1840-1
: :
published in 1874 by the Indian Govern-
in Eastern Crimea with Turkish troops, ment after Goldstiicker's death. He also
1855-6 on special missions and political

:
wrote for the English public, in various
employment under Bombay Government, Encyclopaedias, popular articles on Indian
1862-4 Director of Government Indo-
:
philosophy and mythology, published
European Telegraph, 1865-70 Colonel, :
after his death as Literary Remains, 1879 '•
1870 : Boundary Commissioner to settle founded the Society for the Publication of
Perso-Kelat frontier, and arbitrator in Sanskrit Texts in London, 1866 Member :
the Perso-Afghan Boundary settlement, of the Royal Asiatic Society and of its
Seistan, 1870-2 Maj-General,
: 1875 :
Council President of the Philological
:
British Commissioner on International Society, before which he read papers, but

Commission for Indian immigrants in would not publish them respected as an :
Reunion, 1877-80 British Controller of

:
authority on ancient Hindu literature
Daira vSanieh, Egypt, 1880-3 author of '-
and law, and consulted on the Hindu Law
Telegraph and Travel, 1874 James of Inheritance by the Government of
;
Oittram, a Biography, 1880, and contri- India :referred to also by scholars and
butor to Encyclopaedia Britannica C.B., :
statesmen, in Europe and India. His last
work was On the Deficiencies in the Present
1866 :K.C.S.I., 1871 F.R.G.S. :
Administration of Hindu Law : he died

GOLDSMID, HENRY EDWARD March 6, 1872.
(1812-1855)
Of the Bombay
Civil Service born :
GOLIGHTLY, ROBERT EDMUND
(1856- )
May 1812
9, son of Edward Goldsmid
: :
educated privately and at Haileybury Born Sep. 1856 son of Rev. Canon
15, :
went to the Bombay Presidency, 1832 : Golightly educated at Eton and Sand-
:
became assistant to the Revenue Com- hurst joined the Army, 1875
:
became :
missioner, Mr. Williamson, in 1835 : Captain, 1886 served at Kandahar and

:
devised the Revenue Survey and assess- Ghazni, 1878, and in march from Kandahar
I/O DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
to Kabul and battle of Ahmad Kheyl expedition Brevet-Major
: : un-employed
marched with Sir F. Roberts from Kabul supernumerary, 1896.
to Kandahar with King's Royal Rifles
:
in Boer campaign, 1880 : Adjutant, GOPAL, MADAN, RAI BAHADUR

1 88 1-5 : commanded Mounted Infantry ( ? -1901)
in Burma Field Force, 1886-7 D.S.O : :
Began his career as a pleader at Delhi :
A.A.G., Meerut, 1889 commanded ist :
called to the bar in 1887 practised at the :
Battalion Imperial Yeomanry in S. Lahore Chief Court, obtained a leading

Africa, 1 900-1 promoted Colonel in
:
position at the bar Fellow of the Pan jab :
Reserve of Officers.
University in 1888 leading member of the :
GOMM, SIR WILLIAM MAYNARD Senate :Rai Bahadur in 1896 member :
(1784-1875) of the Pan jab Legislative Council, in

1898, 1900, 1902 died at Delhi, Aug. 11,
:
Field-Marshal born Nov. 10, 1784 :
1904.
son of Lt-Colonel William Gomm Ensign :
and Lieutenant in the 9th regt. in 1794 :

GORDON, SIR BENJAMIN LUMSDEN
studied at Woolwich until 1799 served :
(1833- )
in Holland, 1799 at Ferrol, 1800 :
Hanover, 1805 in the Copenhagen:

Born July 8, 1833 educated at Edin- :
expedition, 1807 at Corunna on the : :

burgh Academy and Addiscombe joined :
Walcheren expedition, 1809 in the :

the Madras Artillery, 1852 served in the :
Peninsula, i8ro in many of the engage-:

Horse Artillery in the Indian mutiny :
ments Lt-Colonel
: K.C.B. in the : :
present at the relief of Lucknow, battle of
Coldstream Guards at Waterloo, Q.M.G. :
Cawnpur, etc. Lt-Colonel, 1875
: com- :
to Picton's Division Maj-General, 1837 : :

manded R.A. in Sir F. Roberts' advance
commanded the troops in, and Lieutenant- on Kabul at Charasia and Kabul
: C.B. :
Governor of, Jamaica, 1839-42 Governor :

commanded a Brigade in Madras, 1884-6
and C. in C. of the Mauritius, 1842-9 :
Maj-General in command in Lower Bmrma
Lt-General, 1846 disappointed of the :
commanded Burma District, 1889-91,
Commandership in Chief in India in 1849, when he retired : K.C.B. 1899.
after being told of his appointment, but,
on the resignation of Sir Charles Napier GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE
(who had been separately appointed), (1833-1885)
became C. in C. in India from Dec. 6, 1850 Maj-General, R.E. son of General :
to 1855 General in 1854 G.C.B. in 1859

: : :
H.W. Gordon of the Royal Artillery born :
Field-Marshal, 1868 Constable of the :

Jan. 18, 1833 : educated at Taunton and
Tower of London, 1872 D.C.L. and LL.D. : :
the R.M.A., Woolwich entered the Army :
died March 15, 1875. in 1852 served in the Crimea, China,

:
Egypt. His connexion with India was

GONDAL, THAKUR SAHIB OF curious and brief in May, 1880, he, being
:
(1865- )
then a Colonel, went to India as Private
Born Oct. 24, 1865 educated at the : Secretary to Lord Ripon, who was going
Rajkumar College, Rajkot, and Edin- out as Viceroy of India. They arrived in
burgh University Hon. LL.D. Edin., : Bombay on June i on the 3rd Gordon :
1887 M.B. and G.M. Edin. 1895

: D.C.L., : resigned his appointment, explaining that
Oxford, 1892 M.D. Edin., 1895
: F.R.C.P. : the duties were distasteful, that he saw
Edin., 1895 Fellow of the Bombay
: he could not hope to do anything really
University F.R.S.E., 1900
: K.C.I.E., : to the purpose in the face of vested interests,
1887 :G.C.I.E., 1897 author of A : and that his views were diametrically
Short History of Aryan Medical Science, opposed to those of the official classes.
Journal of a Visit to England. Some years later, he recommended the
strengthening of the British naval force on
GOODFELLOW, CHARLES AUGUS- the Indian station, and that our main
TUS ( ? - )
communication with India should be by
Entered Royal
Engineers, Bombay the Cape route. His services in Africa
1855 became Lt-General, 1892
: served : and elsewhere, and his death at Khartoum,
in the Indian mutiny, 1857-8 V.C : on Jan. 26, 1885, are matters of national
Kattiawar Field Force, 1859 Abyssinian : history.
GORDON, SIR JAMES DAVIDSON merchantman, and Commodore of the
(1835-1889) expedition to Egypt Peter was captured :
I.C.S. son of Evelyn Meadows Gordon

:
:
by the French in 1809, but escaped
born 1835 educated at Haileybury,
:
entered, 18 10, into the country service in
1852-4 joined the Civil Service in Lower
:
India served the E.I. Co. occasionally
:
Bengal, 1854 Private Secretary, Jan. 23, :

to 1824 obtained valuable contracts
:
1866, to Lord Lawrence, when Viceroy and from the E.I. Co. published, 18 16, a book :
Governor-General Judicial Commissioner :

about his adventures made two voyages :
of Mysore, 1873 Chief Commissioner of :

from Calcutta to Okhotsk in a schooner
Mysore, 1878, Resident, 1881 retired, :
of 65 tons, 18 17-8 travelled across :
1883 C.S.L, 1866

: K.C.S.L, 188I died :
:
Russia to Persia, 1820 arrested in 1827 by :
June 27, 1889. orders of the Assistant Collector of Madura :
imprisoned two months wrote various :
GORDON, SIR JOHN BURY, FIFTH works about his career, e.g. on his imprison-
BARONET (1779-1835) ment and escape, 1816 on his tour through :
Born in India, April Persia, 1820 on India, on the E.I. Co.

1779 son of Sir 6, ••
: :
John James Gordon entered the 22nd :

Christian Researches in Southern India,
Light Dragoons, 1813 Captain 13th :
1834 : and about China.
Light Dragoons, 1821 entered the :
Nizam's service, 1822 commanded the :

GORDON, SIR THOMAS EDWARD
force at capture of Fort Mohun and the :
(1832- )
Elichpur Horse (5th Nizam's Cavalry), Born Jan. 12, 1832 son of Captain :
1822 the 4th Nizam's Cavalry, 1826

:
: William Gordon educated at Edinburgh :
raised Gordon's Horse (since 30th Lancers): Military Academy entered the 4th regt., :
died at Madras, July 23, 1835, when the

1849 the Indian Stalf Corps, 1861
: and :
Baronetcy became extinct. became General, 1894 served in India, :
N.W. Frontier campaign, 1851 Indian :
GORDON, JOHN CHARLES mutiny, 1857-9 to Kashgar, as second

:
FREDERICK ? - ( ) in command of the Mission, with Sir T.

Entered the Army, 1869 became :
Douglas Forsyth, 1873 C.S.L, 1874 : :
Lt-Colonel, 1899 served in the Mahsud- : in the Afghan war, 1879-80 D.A.G. :
Waziri expedition and Egyptian war, Bengal, 1879-83 Military Attache in :
1882 N.W. Frontier in command of 6th

: Persia, 1889-93': K.C.I.E., 1893: K.C.B.,
Bengal Cavalry with the Kuran movable : 1900.
column Tirah expedition, 1897-8 CLE.,
: :
1897. GORDON, WILLIAM (1824-

Born Feb. 10, 1824 son of Adam :
GORDON, SIR JOHN JAMES HOOD Gordon of Cairnfiield educated at Addis- :
(1832- ) combe joined the Bengal Army, 1842

: :
Born Jan. 12, 1832 son of Captain :

served at siege of Multan as Field Engineer,
William Gordon entered the Army, : 1848-9 at battle of Gujarat, in command
:
1849, and became General, 1894 joined :

of a Company of Pioneers in the Indian :
the Indian Staff Corps, 1861 served in :

mutiny as Brig-Major and D.A.Q.M.G. :
the Indian mutiny, 1857-8 Jowaki- :

District Inspector of Musketry, 1860-2 :
Afridi expedition, 1877-8 Afghan war, :

Chief Inspector of Musketry, 1862-8 :
1878-9 : in command of the 29th Pan jab Brig-General, 1878 commanded three :
N.I., at Peiwac Kotal, etc. in the Mahsud-

:
Districts Maj -General, 1882
: retired, :
Waziri expedition, 1881 Burmese ex- : 1883 :CLE., 1878.

pedition, 1886-7 Assistant Military :
Secretary at the War Office, 1890-7 GORDON, WILLIAM EAGLESON

C.B., 1879 K.C.B., 1898 Member of the
: :
(1866- )
Council of India since 1897. Born May 4, 1866 son of W. E. Gordon, :
M.D. educated at Edinburgh University

: :
GORDON, PETER ( ? - ? )
joined the Gordon Highlanders, 1888 :
Merchant, missionary, traveller : his served in Chitral Relief expedition, 1895 :
father was domiciled in Calcutta as an Tirah expedition, 1897-8 adjutant of ist :
owner and commander of the Wellesley Battalion Gordon Highlanders throughout

the S. African campaign : dangerously in 1853) educated at Preston Grammar
:
wounded at Magersfontein : V.C. School and St. J ohn's College, Cambridge :
Fellow 3rd Wrangler, 1857

: called to :
GORE, ST. GEORGE CORBET the bar from the Inner Temple, 1865 :
(1849- ). Solicitor General, 1885-6 Undersecretary :
Colonel born at Paramatta, N.S.W.»

:
of State for India, 1886-91 Financial :
Feb. 24, 1849 : son of Rev. W. F. Gore: Secretary to the Treasury, 189 1-2 Vice- :
educated at Lancing and Woolwich President of the Council of Education,

joined the Royal Engineers, 1870 served : 1895-1902 M.P. for Cambridge and Chat-
:
in India, since 1872 joined the :

ham between 1866 and 1892 since then :
Survey Department in the Afghan war, :

M.P. for Cambridge University LL.D. : :
1879-80 present at
: Ahmad Kheyl F.R.S. K.C. author of The Maori
: :
Afghan Boundary Commission, 1884-6 King.

Brevet-Major Smrveyor-General of India,
:
1899-1904 C.S.I. : retired. :

GOUGH, SIR CHARLES JOHN
STANLEY (1832- )
GOREH, REV. NEHEMIAH GOREH
(1825-1895) Born Jan. 28, 1832 entered the 5th :
His original name was Nilkanta Sastri

Bengal European Cavalry, 1848 General, :
born near Jhansi, Feb. 8, 1825 1894 served in the Panjab campaign,
:
of a :
Mahratta Brahman family of hereditary 1848-9 Indian mutiny, 1857-8 Bhutan

: :
war, 1864-5 Afghan war, 1878-80, in com-

'•
Prime Ministers of the Peshwas educated :
at Benares in Sanskrit lore baptized :

mand of a Brigade, through the Khyber,
March 14, 1848, at Jaunpur: accompanied to Kabul K.C.B. 1881 : commanded :
Dulip Singh {q.v.) to England as his Hyderabad Contingent, 1881 and a :
Division of the Bengal Army, 1886-90 :

Sanskrit tutor attended theological
:
author of The Sikhs and the Sikhs War :

lectures at the Islington College of the
gained the V.C. for gallantry on four occa-
Church Missionary Society : returned to
sions in the mutiny in the first of them, at :
India, 1855 : entered Bishop's College,
Calcutta wrote on
Kharkowda, near Rohtak, on Aug. 15,
ordained,
: 1870 :
1857, saved his brother, who was wounded :

religious subjects wrote also the Rational
:
killed two of the enemy G.C.B., 1895. :

Refutation of the Hindu Philosophical
Systems : joined the mission of the
Scottish Episcopal Church to Chanda, in GOUGH, HUGH, FIRST VISCOUNT
the Central Provinces and the Cowley :
(1779-1869)
Fathers at Bombay, Poona and Indore :
Field-Marshal born Nov. 3, 1779 : :
died Oct. 29, 1895 helped to revise the: fourth son of George Gough entered the :
Hindi and Mahratti Prayer Book had :

Militia, 1793, the Army in 1794 Adjutant :
influencewith the Brahmans, Muham- of the 119th at fifteen with the 78th in :
madans and Parsis, and with Pandita 1895 at the capture of the Cape served in :
Ramabai. the W. Indies until 1803 in the Peninsula :
force, 1809, at Talavera, Barossa, Tarifa,

GORRESIO, COMMENDATORE Vittoria, Nivelle, twice severely wounded :
GASPARO (1808-1891)
knighted, 1815 Maj-General, 1830 : :
Born 1808 Professor of Sanskrit at

: K.C.B. 1831 , commanded the Mysore :
Turin made the first translation, into a

: Division of the Madras Army, 1857 sent :
European language, of the Ramayatia, to command at Canton, 1841 captured :
published at Paris, 1843-56 Librarian of :

the forts, penetrated 170 miles up the
the University of Turin the " father of :
Yang-tze-kiang, won several actions, con-
Sanskrit philology " of his time " Sena- :
cluded the treaty of Nankin, 1842 G.C.B. :
tore di Regno " for his literary merits :

and Baronet returned to Madras as :
appointed member of the French Academy C. in C. and became C. in C. in India,

died May, 1891. 1843 defeated Sindia's troops at Maharaj-
:
pur, Dec. 28, 1843 took the command in :
GORST, RIGHT HON. SIR JOHN person in the first Sikh war, 1845-6, and
ELDON (1835- )
won the battles of Mudki, Dec. 18, 1845 ;
Born 1835 son of Edward Chaddock

: Firozshahr, Dec. 21, and Sobraon, Feb. 10,
Gorst (who took the name of Lowndes 1846, Lord Hardinge, the Governor-
General, under his command

serving GOUGH, SIR JOHN BLOOMFIELD
made Baron Gough, of Ching-keangfoo (1804-1891)
in China, Maharajpur and the Satlaj in the
General : son of Very Rev. Thomas
East Indies commanded again in the
:
Bunbury Gough, and nephew of Lord
second Sikh war, 1848-9, and won the Gough born 1804
: entered the Army :
battles of Ramnagar, Nov, 22, 1846 through the R.M. College, 1820 Captain :
Chilianwala, Jan. 13, 1849. The result of in the 3rd Light Dragoons went to India :
Chilianwala was regarded as being so with his uncle on his Staff through all his :
indecisive that Sir Charles Napier was sent battles in China, Gwalior, the Satlaj and
out to supersede Gough, but, before his Panjab compaigns :commanded the
arrival. Gough had won Gujarat, Feb. 21, cavalry Brigade at Mudki and Firozshahr:
1849, the Sikhs being thoroughly defeated. severely wounded at Sobraon Colonel :
He retired in May, 1849 was madeViscount ;

A.D.C. to Queen Victoria C.B. Q.M.G. of : :
Gough of Gujarat and Limerick received :

the Queen's Troops in India: Colonel of
thanks of Parliament and a pension, and the Royal Scots Greys, 1864 K.C.B. 1867 : :
freedom of the City of London General in :

G.C.B., 1876 died Sep. 22, 1891. :
1854 sent in 1856 to Sebastopol to invest

:
Pelissier and others with the Order of the

GOUR, HARI SINGH (1868-
Bath :K.P. in 1857 P.C. in 1859 : :
)
K.C.S.T. in 1861 Field Marshal in 1862

: :
A Rajput
born Nov. 26, 1868, at :
he died March 2, 1869. He is said to have Sagar, C.P. educated at the High School
•
commanded in more general actions than there, at the Jabalpur College, at Hislop
any British officer in the century, the Duke College, Nagpur to England, 1889 : :
of Wellington excepted. He was very graduated at Cambridge in Moral Sciences

popular with the soldiers. and Law, 1892 called to the bar at the :
Inner Temple, 1892 returning to India, ;
he first entered the Central Provinces

GOUGH, SIR HUGH HENRY (1833- )
Commission resigned it for the bar : :
Born Nov. son of George

14, 1833 :
Secretary of the District Council at Raipur,.
Gough educated privately entered the
: :
1 897-1905 wrote on the Law of Transfer
: :
Bengal Army, 1853 in Hodson's Horse, :

M.A. LL.D. Dublin
: D.C.L a social : :
served throughout the Indian mutiny reformer and political speaker.

at siege of Delhi, relief and capture of
Lucknow : V.C. on Nov. 12, 1857, on the GOVER, CHARLES E. ( ? -1872)
advance to the relief of Lucknow : was
in Abyssinia : C.B. : Afghan campaign, Son of Thomas Gover : appointed
several times wounded : in command of Principal and Secretary of the Madras
the Cavalry Brigade on the Kabul- Kanda- Military Orphan Male Asylum at Egmore
har march General :Keeper of Crown :
in 1864 member of the Royal Asiatic
:
Jewels, 1898-1904 Lieutenant-Governor :

Society, 1868-72 also of the Society of :
of the Channel Islands, 1904 G.C.B., 1896 :

Arts and Fellow of the Anthropological
:
author of Old Memories, 1897. Society wrote on Indian Weights and

:
Measures, on Indian folk-lore, and a

collection of Essays, The Folk-songs of
GOUGH, HUGH SUTLEJ (1848- Southern India, 1872 died at Madras,. :
Born Feb. 1848 son of General Sir Sept. 20, 1872.

4, :
J. B. Gough educated at Royal Naval

:
School, Gosport, and Emmanuel College,

GOWER, SIR ERASMUS (1742-1814)
Cambridge served in R.N. 1862-5: entered

: Son of Abel Gower entered the Navy in :
loth Hussars, 1868 became Colonel, :

1755 served on various stations in N..
:
1888, and Maj-General, 1900 A.D.C. to : America, Jamaica, etc. in 1781 com- :
C. in C, India, 1876-81 served in Afghan : manded the Medea frigate in the E. Indies :
war, 1878-9 Egyptian campaign, 1884

: : captured the Vryheid, a Dutch ship, at
Bechuanaland expedition, 1884-5 com- : Cuddalore in 1783 and retook the Chaser :
manded 1 8th Hussars, 1889-93 Assistant : with despatches present in engagement :
A.G. for Cavalry, 1893-8 C.M.G., 1886 : : between Suffrein and Sir E.Hughes [q.v.)
C.B., 1899 Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey,
: off Cuddalore : in i792-4» with Lord.
1904. Macartney and his embassy to China:
commanded the Triumph and the Neptune :
GRAND, GEORGE FRANCOIS
Admiral in 1809 died June 21, 18 14.
:
(1748P-182I)
GRAHAM, JOHN (1805-1839) Native of Lausanne : educated there :
in early life sent to England obtained, :

Botanist : went
India in 1826 to
in 1766, a cadetship in Bengal Lieutenant,
appointed by Sir John Malcolm, then
:
1768 Captain in 1773 after furlough in

Governor of Bombay, to be Deputy Post-
: :
Europe, he was nominated to a writership

master-General of the Bombay Presidency :
in 1776 soon became Secretary to the

Superintendent of the Bombay
:
also
Botanic Garden to which he added many
:
Salt Committeeat Calcutta. On July 10,
was 1777, he married C. N. J. Worlee {q.v.), and,
plants, both exotic and indigenous :
1779* obtained 50,000 sicca rupees damages

printing a catalogue of Bombay plants
in an action at Calcutta against (Sir)
when he died, May 28, 1839.
Philip Francis, for crim. con. with his wife :
GRAHAM, THOMAS ? - )
divorced her later she went to Europe,
:
(
eventually marrying Talleyrand and
Entered the Bengal Artillery, 1858 :
figuring as Princesse de Benevento
became Maj -General, 1891 served in the :
Grand, in 1782, was Collector of Tirhut
Hazara expedition Afghan war, 1878-80 : :
and Hajipur, and promoted the indigo
Brevet-Lt-Colonel : Burma
expedition :
manufacture in Bihar to his own advantage.
in Command of the Sikhim expedition, In 1788 he was appointed Judge and
1888-9 : C.B. : Manipur, 1891. Magistrate at Patna, warned to give up
his indigo concerns, and finally removed
GRAND, CATHERINE NOEL JUDDE from the service. He returned to Europe,
(1762-1835) and in France, by the influence of his
Bornat Tranquebar, Nov. 21, 1762 : former wife with Talleyrand, obtained the
daughter of a Dane, M. Peter John Worlee, post of Privy Councillor of the Govern-
Chevalier de Saint Louis, Capitaine du ment of the Cape of Good Hope, from the
Port, of Chandernagore married July 10, : Batavian Republic in 1802 later, became :
i777» George Francois Grand, of the Indian Inspector of H.M.'s woods and lands there
Civil Service (formerly in the E.I. Co.'s under the British married again, and
:
military service), then Secretary to the died at the Cape in 1821.

Salt Committee and Head Assistant and
Examiner in the Secretary's office. In
GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER, BARONET
Feb. 1779, Grand brought an action against
(1826-1884)
(Sir) Philip Francis, then Member of the
Supreme Council, for criminal conversation Son Robert Innes Grant, seventh
of Sir
on Dec. 8, 1778, with the wife of the Baronet born Sep. 13, 1826
: educated :
plaintiff, and after trial before Impey, C.J., at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford :
and Chambers and Hyde, J J., obtained, Scholar played twice in the Harrow
:
on March 6, i779» a judgment in his Cricket Eleven against Eton and Win-
favour, and 50,000 sicca rupees as damages: chester Fellow of Oriel, 1849 became pri-
: :
and later a divorce from Mrs. Grand vate tutor succeeded as Baronet in 1856
: :
she lived at Hughli under Francis' published the Ethics of Aristotle in 1857 :
protection in 1779, and went to Europe went to Madras in 1859, as Inspector of

in 1780-1. She resided partly in France, Schools became Professor of History,
:
where she also obtained a divorce, and at the Elphinstone Institution, Madras,
partly in England, and about 1797 came in i860, and Principal in 1862 in 1863 :
under the notice of Talleyrand, the he became Vice-Chancellor of the Bombay

liaison leading to their marriage on Sep. University, till 1868 in 1865, Director :
10, 1802, which was forced on by the of Public Instruction in the Bombay
influence of Napoleon to allow the Foreign Presidency Member of the Legislative
:
Ambassadresses to visit her. They lived Council,Bombay, in 1868 made his mark :
at Neuilly, but were separated about 1815. on education in India became Principal :
After a sojourn in England, she returned of the Edinburgh University in 1868 :
to France, and lived at Auteuil : she died D.C.L. and LL.D. of Cambridge, Edin-
Dec. 10, 1835, and was buried at Mont burgh and Glasgow F.R.S. of Edinburgh
: :
Parnasse. wrote on Aristotle and Xenophon and

The Story of the University of Edinburgh : 1809. He was a prominent member of

on female education, endowed schools, and the Clapham sect and of the reUgious
articles in Reviews, etc. died suddenly : Societies, and had much influence in the
Nov. 30, 1884. selection of missionary chaplains for
India. He was Chairman of the Com-
GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823) missioners for the issue of Exchequer
Born April 174C, the date of the
16, Bills, and served on the Commission for
battle of Culloden, at which his father, the building of churches. He retired
Alexander, was severely wounded edu- : from Parliament in 1818, and died on
cated at Elgin apprenticed at Cromarty,
: Oct. 31, 1823 the E.I. Co. placed a
:
1758, and a clerk in London, 1763-67 : memorial of him in St. George's Church,
went to India in 1767 attended to the
: Bloomsbury. No one, at the time of
private trade of Richard Becher, the Charles Grant, laboured harder to raise
Resident at Murshidabad worked hard : the moral condition of India, its inhabi-
in the terrible Bengal famine of 1770 : tants and officials, or had greater influence
suffered from fever returned to Scotland,
: in the settlement of Indian affairs than
1 771-2 :and went out again as a " writer " he had, as Director of the E.I. Co. and as
to Bengal, in 1772-3 became a " factor,"
: M.P. he had remarkable moral courage,
:
and then Secretary to the Board of Trade a masterful hand, a determined will, and
at Calcutta in 178 1 commercial resident
: a hot temper under control.
at Malda, in charge of the silk filature :
the post was very lucrative Grant had :

GRANT, SIR CHARLES (1836-1903)
his accounts examined by Cornwallis, who Son Grant (q.v.)
of Sir Robert born in :
expressed a wish that all the Company's 1836 :educated at Harrow, Trinity
servants were equally scrupulous in : College, Cambridge, Haileybury went :
1787 he was made Fourth Member of the to India, 1858 served in the N.W.P.
:
Board of Trade, with the superintendence and Central Provinces Secretary to the :
of all the Company's trade in Bengal. Chief Commissioner, 1861 Commissioner, :
He supported mission work in Bengal. 1870 :compiled the Central Provinces

When the mission church (J. Z. Kier- Gazetteer: acted as Judicial Commissioner
nander's) in Calcutta was attached by and as Chief Commissioner in 1879 :
the Sheriff, Grant paid down 10,000 Member of the Governor-General's Legis-
rupees to save it, and assigned it to the lative Council, 1879-80 Acting Home :
Church Missionary Society. He retired Secretary, 1880 Foreign Secretary to the

:
in 1790. He wrote, in 1792, his Observa- Government of India, 1881-85 when :
tions on the State of Society among the he retired K.C.S.I., 1885

: died April :
Asiatic Subjects of Great Britain, advocating 12, 1903.

the cause of missions and education it :
was printed for Parliament in 181 3 he :

GRANT, CHARLES JAMES WILLIAM
wrote the despatch from England on the ( ? - )
Permanent Settlement of 1793 he :

Son of G. S. Grant
Lt-General D. :
became M.P. for Inverness in 1802, and educated privately and at Sandhurst :
for the county from 1804-18 he was :

joined the Army, 1882, and the Madras
Chairman of the Court of Directors in Staff Corps, 1884 A.D.C. to Lt-General :
1805, 1809, and 1815, and in Parliament Dormer, C. in C. in Madras, 1891 Offi- :
took a leading part in all discussions on ciating A.A.G., Madras District, 1897 :
the E.I. Co.'s affairs, such as the renewal served in the Burma expedition, 1886-7 :
of the Charter in 1813, the China trade, in Manipiu:, where he proceeded to assist-
missions, the Press, etc. he opposed the
:
ance of Chief Commissioner's defeated
Marquess Wellesley's warlike policy, and stormed and held Thobal, till re-
escort':
supported in 1808 the motion for his March 31-April 9, 1891
lieved, severely :
impeachment. In the new Charter he wounded Captain and Brevet-Major

:
obtained an annual grant for education in and V.C. second in command 32nd
:
India, the appointment of Bishops in Burma Infantry Frontier Force.

India, and greater freedom for missionary
work. He promoted the establishment
GRANT, HUGH GOUGH (1846-
of the E.I. Co.'s College at Hertford Born July 1845 : son of Field
23,
•Castle in 1806, moved to Haileybury in Marshal Sir Patrick Grant educated at :
Eton and Sandhurst served with the : Brigadier of the cavalry : at Badli-ka-
Seaforth Highlanders, 1863-95 in the sarai at the siege of Delhi
: : the relief of
Madras famine, 1877-8 Brig-Major : Lucknow Cawnpur commanded mov-
: :
during Afghan war, 1879-80, and in able columns and the trans-Gogra force :
Mahsud-Waziri expedition, 1881 served : K.C.B., 1858 : commanded in the second

in Black Mountain expedition, 1891 : Chinese war, 1 860-1 captured the Taku :
A.A.G., Panjab command, 1895-7 com- : forts and Pekin G.C.B. C. in C. at: :
manded Regimental Districts in Scot- Madras, Dec. i86i-May, 1865 Q.M.G. :
land retired C.B., 1900.

: : of the Army, 1865-70 in command at :
Aldershot, 1870, where he initiated the

GRANT, JAMES ( ?
autumn manoeuvres, and introduced
In the service of the E.I. Co. was :
many improvements he was strong in :
stationed in Bengal, 1784-9 selected by :

his religious views died March 7, 1875. :
the Government to superintend the native

management of the revenues found him- :
GRANT, JAMES WILLIAM (1788-1865)
self obliged to expose the abuses con- Born Aug. 12, 1788 son of Robert :
nected with the whole system of native Grant was in the E.I. Co.'s Civil Service,
:
agency appointed Chief Sarishtadar, or

: 1805-49 devoted himself to astronomy,
:
general superintendent of native revenue the microscope and other scientific pur-
accounts under the Board of Revenue, suits he made a granite observatory on
:
1786 his tract,

: An Inquiry into the the Elchies estates, and there had the
Nature of Zemindary Tenures in the " Trophy Telescope " he was F.R.A.S., :
Landed Property of Bengal, 1791 gives

the best account of the native revenue
— 1864 died Sep. 17, 1865.
:
system. GRANT, SIR JOHN PETER (1774-1848)

Son of William Grant, M.D. of London
GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827-
and Rothiemurchus born Sep. 21, 1774 : :
1892)
succeeded his uncle in the Rothiemurchus
The African born April 11, traveller :
estate in 1790 educated at Cambridge: :
1827 son of James Grant

: educated at :
read law at Edinburgh called to the bar :
Nairn and Aberdeen schools and at the from Lincoln's Inn, 1802 M.P. for :
Marischal College, Aberdeen joined the :

Great Grimsby and Tavistock went to :
8th Bengal N.I. in 1846 was present at :

Bombay in 1827 as a Puisne Judge of the
Multan and Gujarat Adjutant was : :
Supreme Court there knighted when : :
with the 78th Highlanders at the relief of the Bombay Government interfered to
Lucknow accompanied J. H. Speke on
:
prevent the execution of decrees of the
his African expedition, 1 861-4, including
Court, a rupture took place, and Grant
the discovery of the source of the Nile :
closed the Court in April, 1829 Lord :
received the Gold Medal of the Geographi- Ellenborough, at the Board of Control,
cal Society, 1864 C.B., 1866 in the: :
appointed a new Chief Justice, Sir J.
Intelligence Department in the Abyssinian Dewar, and a new Judge, writing that
expedition C.S.I. retired as Lt-Colonel,
: :
Grant " will be like a wild elephant led
1868 died Feb. 11, 1892
: wrote A Walk :
between two tame ones." Grant re-
across Africa, 1864 and in scientific :
signed his appointment, left Bombay in
Journals about his travels. Sep. 1830, and went over to Calcutta :
practised there at the bar, and became a

GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808-1875)
Puisne Judge, 1833-48, of the Calcutta
Son of Francis Grant born July 22, :
Supreme Court. He died May 17, 1848,
1808 educated at
: Edinburgh and on his voyage homewards : he wrote on
Hofwyl, Switzerland remained in the :
legal subjects.
9th Lancers from Colonel in 1826 to Maj-
General in 1858 Brig-Major to Lord :
GRANT, SIR JOHN PETER (1807-1893)
Saltoim in the first Chinese war, 1840-2 :
I.C.S. son of Sir John Peter Grant
:
C.B. :in the first Sikh war, 1845-6, includ- {q.v.):born Nov. 23, 1807 educated at :
ing Sobraon in the Panjab campaign of

: Eton, Edinburgh University, Haileybury :
1848-9, at Ramnagar, Chilianwala and went to India in 1828 served for four :
Gujarat Brevet-Lt-Colonel
: was at : years in the N.W.P. Secretary in 1832 :
Umbala when the mutiny broke out : to the Board of Revenue, Calcutta
served in the Government of India Secre- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
tariat was Superintendent of the Botanic
:
Field Marshal son of Major John

Garden Secretary to Lord Macaulay's
:
:
Grant, 97th foot born Sep. 11, 1804

Indian Law Commission, Private Secre- :
:
Ensign, 1820: joined the nth Bengal

tary to the Governor-General Commis- :
N.I. in Jan. 1821 rose to be General,
sioner for payment of the Maharaja of :
1870 Field Marshal, June, 1883 Goldstick

:
Mysore's debts inquired into the pro-
:
:
in Waiting to Queen Victoria, 1885 raised

ceedings for the suppression of meriah, or :
the Hariana Light Infantry,i836: organized

human sacrifices, in Ganjam from 1848 :
the N.W. Frontier Force in 1841 Deputy-

to 1852 he was Secretary to the Govern- :
Adjutant-General, 1843 in the Gwalior

ment of Bengal under the Governor- :
campaign at Maharajpur in the first Sikh

General and, in his absence, under the :
war was at Mudki,acting there as Adjutant-

Deputy Governor was Secretary to the :
General at Firozshahr, and Sobraon C.B.:

Government of India in the Home and ; :
Adjutant-General of the Bengal Army,

Foreign Departments, 1852-4 Member of :
1846 at Chilianwala and Gujarat Brevet-

:
the Governor- General's Supreme Council, :
Colonel and A.D.C. to Queen Victoria:

1854-9 and, for a portion of that time,
:
served against the N.W. frontier tribes

Lieutenant-Governor of the " Central " :
C. in C. of the Madras Army, 1856 K.C.B. :

Provinces during the mutiny Lieu- :
C. in C. in India, temporarily, in the
tenant-Governor of Bengal, 1859-62. As
mutiny, between General Anson {q.v.)
Member of Council he advocated annex-
and Lord Clyde {q.v.) retired in 1861 : :
ation of Oudh, which was carried, instead
G.C.B. C. in C. at Malta, 1867-72
:
of Lord Daihousie's less thorough scheme :
G.C.M.G., 1868 Governor of the Chelsea :

he passed an Act to legalize the marriage
Hospital, 1874-95 died March 28, 1895.
of Hindu widows. As Lieutenant- :
Governor, he had to deal with the

indigo disturbances incurring unpopu- — GRANT, SIR ROBERT (1779-1838)
larity with the planters in his determina- Governor second son of Charles Grant :
tion to do justice to the cultivators and — {q.v.) born in Bengal in 1779 went to
: :
with troubles from tribes on the frontier. England, 1790 educated at Magdalen :
In both these capacities he showed great College, Cambridge, Craven Scholar, 1799 »
ability, in writing, in speech, and in third wrangler. Chancellor's Medallist
action greatly trusted by Lords Dalhousie
: and Fellow : called to the bar at Lincoln's
and Canning K.C.B. in 1862. After the
: Inn, 1807 : M.P. for various constituencies
rebellion in Jamaica, in 1865, he was from 18 18 to 1834 advocated Jewish :
Governor of that island, 1866-73 the '• emancipation from civil disabiUties Judge :
whole administration was reformed by Advocate General, 1832 Governor of :
him, the finances re-organized, and sound Bombay from March 17, 1835 knighted :
political and fiscal principles applied by in 1834 and G.C.H. :died of apoplexy :
the light of his previous experience died : at Dapuri, July 9, 1838 wrote Sketch of the :
Jan. 6, 1893. History of the E.I. Co., from its First Foun-
dation to 1773 a View of the System :
and Merits of the East India College,

GRANT, MALCOLM (1762-1831) Haileyhury, and a volume of sacred poems,
which was edited by his brother. Lord
Joined the E.I. Co.'s Bombay Army in Glenelg. The Grant Medical College at
T777 served against the Mahrattas, i779»
: Bombay was erected as a memorial to
and with Goddard's {q.v.) force at Bassein, him.
in 1 780-1 in Malabar, until 1788, and
:
again from 1792 to 1798 commanded :

GRANT, SIR WILLIAM KEIR
against the Mahrattas, was in the capture (1772-1852)
of Mysore, under General James Stuart Son of Archibald Keir, I.C.S. : bom
at Mangalore, in Canara, and Jamalghar : in 1772 joined the 15 th King's Light
:
in the chief command in Malabar and Dragoons, 1792 served in Flanders, :
Canara, 1804 captured Savandrug

: 1794 :saved the German Emperor,
returned to England, 1807 Maj -General, : Francis II, at Villiers-en-Couche served :
1813 Lt-General, 1815 : died Sep. 28,

: in Germany and in Italy with the Rus-
:
1831. sian and Austrian armies, in several

N
battles Adjutant-General of the King's
: Notes of an Indian Journey, Memoir of
troops in Bengal, 1806 commanded the : Sir H. S. Maine, Note<; from a Diary, etc.,
advance on the Satlaj, 1810 against : etc. C.I.E., 1881
: G.C.S.I., 1886 F.R.S. : :
Amir Khan, the Pathan freebooter, in D.L.

1814 C. in C. in Java, 1815
: com- :
manded part of the Army of the Dekkan GRAVES, BENJAMIN CHAMNEY

against the Pindaris, 1817 also against :
(1845- )
Sawantwari and Cutch, 1819 defeated :

Born Feb. 2, 1845 : son of Henry
the piratical Arabs in the Persian Gulf in Graves : educated at Kingstown school
1819-20, and arranged for the complete and Woolwich : joined R.A., 1866, and
suppression of piracy assumed the : Indian Staff Corps, 1871 Brevet-Colonel, :
name of Keir Grant, instead of Grant 1897 served in Afghan war, 1879-80
: :
Keir K.C.B., 1822

: Lt-General, 1825 : :
commanded Garhwal Rifles, 1893-8
G.C.H., 1835 General, 1841
: died May 7, : served with Malakand Field Force, 1897,
1852. and in the N.W. Frontier campaign, 1897-
8 C.B.
GRANT-DUFF, JAMES CUNNINGHAM
:
(1789-1858) GREATHED, SIR EDWARD HARRIS

Son of John Grant and Margaret Duff (1812-1881)
born July 8, 1789 educated at Marischal
:
Son of Edward Greathed
born 1812 : :
College, Aberdeen joined the E.I. Co.'s

: educated at Westminster entered the :
military service at Bombay in 1805 was : Army, 1832 in the mutiny was with the
:
at the storming of Maliah, 1808 became :

8th regt. at the siege of Delhi and led the
Adjutant and Interpreter of his regiment regt. to the assault after its fall, was :
was Assistant to Mountstuart Elphinstone, placed in command of the column to

then Resident of Poona, who had a high open up the country between the Jamna
opinion of him as Captain, he served
: and the Ganges in the fighting at :
against the Peshwa, Baji Rao, when the Bulandshahr, Alighar and Agra com- :
latter was dethroned in 1818, and was manded a Brigade at Sir Colin Campbell's
then made Resident of Satara, administer- relief of Lucknow at the engagement :
ing the State in the Raja's name till before Cawnpur on Dec. 6, 1857 at :
1822, and making treaties with the Satara Khudaganj and the occupation of Fateh-
jagirdars. After five years he retired to ghar Colonel and C.B.
: D.C.L., 1859 : :
Scotland and brought out the History of K.C.B., 1865 commanded E. district in
:
the Mahrattas in 1826. He took the England, 1872-7 Brevet-General, 1880 : :
additional names of Duff and Cunningham died Nov. 19, 1881.

on succeeding to landed estates : died
Sep. 23, 1858. Sur M. E. Grant-Duff GREATHED, WILLIAM WILBER-
{q.v.), formerly Governor of Madras, is his
FORCE HARRIS (1826-1878)
son. Son of Edward Greathed born Dec. 21, :

: joined :
GRANT-DUFF, SIR MOUNTSTUART the Bengal Sappers and Miners at Meerut

ELPHINSTONE (1829- ^
in 1846 was in the siege and capture,
:
Born Feb. 21, 1829 son of James : Jan. 2, 1849, of Multan present at :
Cunningham Grant-Duff (q.v.) educated : Gujarat Consulting Engineer for Rail-

:
at Edinburgh University, The Grange, ways at'Allahabad, 1855-7 in the mutiny, :
Bishop Wearmouth, and Balliol College, he twice conveyed despatches from Agra
Oxford barrister of the Inner Temple
: : to Meerut through the mutineers was at :
M.P. forthe Elgin Burghs, 1857-81 Under : the siege of Delhi, directing the left
Secretary of State for India, 1868-74 : attack severely wounded
: was at :
and for the Colonies, 18 80-1 Privy : several engagements as Engineer of the
Councillor, 1880 Governor of Madras,
: Doab Field Force directed as Engineer :
1 88 1-6 advanced education and science

: : at the attack on Lucknow and its capture :
constructed the Marina at Madras Presi- : C.B. and Brevet-Major was A.D.C. to
: :
dent of the Royal Geographical Society, Sir R. Napier in China at the capture of :
1889-93 President of the Royal Historical

: Pekin Brevet-Lt-Colonel Assistant Mih-
: :
Society, 1892-9 Author of Studies : tary Secretary to the Horse Guards, 1861-
in European Politics, "Elgin Speeches, 5: Head of the Irrigation Department,
N.W.P., 1867-75 made the Agra and : Colonel in the Turkish Army : present at
Lower Ganges canals retired from India, : Balaclava and Inkerman and siege of
1876 died Dec. 29, 1878 Maj-General.
: : Sebastopol severely wounded Adjt-
: :
General of Turkish Bashi-Bazouks in Asia

GREAVES, SIR GEORGE RICHARDS Minor and Bulgaria A.A.G., Persian :
(1831- )
war, 1856-7 Indian mutiny, 1857-8 : :
Bom Nov. son of Capt. George 9, 1 83 1 : Political Agent in Beluchistan, 1859

Greaves, 6oth Rifles educated at Sand- : Officiating Chief Commissioner of Sind
hurst joined the 70th regt.
: served in : Political Superintendent of N.W. Frontier
the Indian mutiny New Zealand war, : of Sind, 1866-8 retired, 1874 K.C.S.I., : :
1860-6 Ashanti campaign, 1874

: Sou- : 1866 C.B.
: author of Papers on Defence :
dan, 1885 Chief Secretary and Com-

: of N.W. Frontier of India.
missioner, Cyprus, 1878 Adjutant-General :
in India, 1879 commanded a Division in : GREER, RICHARD TOWNSEND

India, 1886 C. in C, Bombay, 1890 : : (1854- )
resigned. 1893 became General, 1896, :

born Oct. 14, 1854 son of Rev.
I.C.S. : :
and retired K.C.M.G., 1881 K.C.B.,

: :
George Samuel Greer, Rector of BuUhal-
1885 G.C.B.
:
bert, CO. Down, Ireland educated at :
Kingstown school, co. Dublin Member :
GREEN, SIR EDWARD (1810-1891) of the Irish International Football Team :
Son of James Green educated at : went to Bengal, employed in 1877 :
Addiscombe entered the Indian Army,

: Assam : Deputy Commissioner of Sibsa-
1827 in the Afghan war, 1841-2
: saw : gar, and Sylhet : Assistant Secretary to
active service at Hyderabad, Sind, with the Commissioner, 1884
Chief Magte- :
the 22nd regt., in defence of the Residency CoUector of Tippera Deputy Commis- :
and at the battle of Hyderabad also as : sioner, Darjeeling, 1893-9 Inspr-General :
A.A.G. against the Cutchi Hill Tribes, of Police, Bengal, 1 899-1 900 Chairman :
1844-5 at the capture of Multan, at

: of the Calcutta Corporation since igoo :
Gujarat, and pursuit and surrender of the C.S.I. , 1904.

Sikhs Adjutant-General, Bombay, 1856-
:
60 : commanded a Division, 1862-5 :

GREY, SIR CHARLES EDWARD
died May 9, 1891 General K.C.B. : :
(1786-1865)
Son of R. W. Grey born 1785 edu- : :
GREEN, SIR GEORGE W. G. cated at University College, Oxford :
(1825-1891) Fellow of Oriel College called to the bar, :
General son of the Rev. G. W. G.

:
1811 Commissioner
: in Bankruptcy,
Green educated at Bridgnorth
: entered :
1817 Judge of the Supreme Court,
:
the Indian Army in 1841 served in Sind :

Madras, 1820 knighted Chief Justice, : :
and in the Panjab campaign of 1848-9 :

Bengal, 1 825-32 Commissioner to Canada, :
at Gujarat commanded the 2nd Panjab

:
1835-6 G.C.H. M.P. for Tynemouth,
: :
N.I., through the mutiny wounded at :

1838-41 Governor of Barbados, 1841-6 :
:
Governor of Jamaica, 1847-53 died :

the siege of Delhi at Sir Colin Campbell's :
relief of Lucknow, Nov. 1857 C.B., :

June I, 1865.
: died Nov. 27, :
1891 : K.C.B., 1877. GREY, SIR JOHN (1780P-1856)

Son of Charles Grey, and great-nephew
GREEN, SIR WILLIAM HENRY of the first Earl Grey joined the 75th :
RHODES (1823- )
foot in 1798 served in the war against :
Born May 31, 1823 : son of Vice- Tippoo at Malavilli and Seringapatam
:
:
Admiral Sir Andrew P. Green, K.C.B. : was in the Peninsula, at Ciudad Rodrigo :
educated at King's College, and Brussels : commanded a Division in Bengal, 1840-
entered the Indian Army, 1841, and 5 commanded against 12,000 Mahrattas
:
joined the Sind Irregular Horse, 1846 at Punniar and defeated them, Dec. 29,
served throughout the second Panjab 1843 K.C.B. : commanded a Division :
\
war, 1848-9 present at siege of Multan : in the Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 C. in C. and :
and battle Gujarat employed on of : Member of Council, Bombay, 1850-2

special diity during the Crimean war, as Lt-General, 1851 died Feb. 19, 1856. :
i8o DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
GREY, LEOPOLD JOHN HERBERT CLE., 1894 : Ph.D. (Halle) 1894 : D.
(1840- .
) Litt. of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1902 : Member
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and of the
Born July i, 1840: son of L. J. H.
Grey educated at Cheltenham
: joined :
Royal Asiatic Society, the Folklore, and
the Bengal Army, 1857 served with :
other Societies. His principal writings
are Introduction to the Maithili Lan-
Pan jab Frontier Force on the N.W.
guage, A Handbook to the Kaithi Character,
Frontier, 1857-62 Bhutan campaign, :
1865-6, as Political Officer Commissioner :

Seven Grammars of the Bihar i Dialects,
of Hissar Division, 1882 retired, 1894 : :
Bihar Peasant Life, The Modern Vernacular
Literature of Hindustan, Notes on Tulsi
re-employed as Superintendent of the
Bahawalpur Das, The Satsaiya of Bihar i. Essays on
State, 1899-1902 : C.S.I.,
Kashmiri Grammar, The Linguistic Survey
1877.
of India, The Languages of India : the
GREY, SIR WILLIAM (1818-1878) Chapters on Vernacular Languages and

Vernacular Literatures in the forthcoming
Born 1818 son of Edward Grey, Bishop
:
edition of the Imperial Gazetteer.
of Hereford, and grandson of first Earl
Grey was at Christ Church, Oxford, but
: GRIESBACH, CHARLES LUDOLF
left it to enter the War Office educated : (1847- )
at Haileybury went to India in 1840 : :

Born Dec. 1847 son of G. L. 11, :
Private Secretary to Sir Herbert Maddock, Griesbach of Zobelsberg educated at :
Deputy Governor of Bengal, 1845-7 Vienna University Member of ten :
served in the Bengal Secretariat, and in Scientific Societies joined the Royal :
the Secretariat of the Government of Fusiliers, 1874 and Geological Survey :
India, in the Home and Foreign Depart- of India, 1878 on special service during :
ments Secretary to the Bank of Bengal,

:
the Afghan war present at Maiwand, :
1 85 1-4 Secretary to the Government of

:
July 27, 1880 siege and battle of Kanda- :
Bengal, 1854-7: Director General of the Post har, 1880 Afghan Boundary Commission,
:
Office Secretary to the Home Depart-

:
1884-6 CLE. : on special duty with :
ment, 1859 Member of the Governor-

:
H.H. the Amir, in Afghanistan, 1888-9 :
General's Supreme Council, from April, Miranzai expedition, 1890-1 Burma, :
1862, to April, 1867 had considerable :

1892 S. Africa, 1896-7
: Director of the :
difference of opinion with Sir John Geological Survey of India retired. :
Lawrence, the Governor-General. When

discussions arose after the Orissa famine, GRIFFIES- WILLIAMS, SIR W. L.,
he opposed the proposed abolition of the BARONET (1800-1877)
Bengal Legislative Council, and, instead Son Sir George Griffies- Williams,
of
of any reduction in the status of the Bart. born in 1800
: entered the Indian :
Bengal Government, advocated its assimil- Army, 1819 served in the first Burmese
:
ation to the Governments of Madras and war, 1824-6 at the siege and storming
:
Bombay. He held strong opinions about of Punnullah and capture of Munnohur,

taxation, and his views did not agree 1844-5 in the second Burmese war,
:
with those of Lord Mayo K. C.S.I, in :

1852 became Baronet in 1870
: died :
1871 retired on March i, 1871

: Governor :
May 23, 1877.
of Jamaica, 1874-7 died May 15, 1878. :
GRIFFIN, SIR LEPEL HENRY

GRIERSON, GEORGE ABRAHAM (1840- )
(1851- )
I.C.S. born 1840 : joined the Civil :
I.C.S. Jan. 7, 1851

: born
son of : Service in the Panjab, i860 Chief Secre- :
George Abraham Grierson, LL.D., Queen's tary to the Panjab Government, 1870 :
Printer for Ireland educated at St. : Chief Political Officer in Afghanistan, 1880 :
Bee's School, Shrewsbury Trinity College, ; negotiated with Abdur Rahman {q.v.),
Dublin (Exhibitioner) went out to Ben- : who became Amir of Afghanistan Resi- :
gal, 1873 Inspector of Schools, Bihar,

: dent at Indore Agent to the Governor- :
1880 Additional Commissioner of Patna,

: General for Central India, 1881-8 retired, :
and Opium Agent, Bihar, 1896 in charge : 1889 Chairman of East India Associa-
:
of the Linguistic Survey with the Govern- tion author of The Panjab Chiefs, 1865 ;
:
ment of India, 1898-1902 : retired, 1902 : The Law of Inheritance in Chiefships,

DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY i8i
1869; The Rajas thePanjab, 1870; The of of the E.I. Co. the editorial work is said :
Great Republic, 1884 ; Famous Monu- to have been badly done: he had the
ments of Central India, 1888 Ranjit ; greatest reputation for his " achievements
Singh, 1894 founded the Asiatic Quarterly
:
as '
one of the most brilliant of Indian
Review in conjunction with D. Boulger : botanists " he published papers in
' :
K.C.S.I., 1881. scientific Journals.
GRIFFITH, RALPH THOMAS GROSE, JOHN HENRY (before

HOTCHKIN (1826- )
1760— after 1783)
Born May 25, 1826 son of Rev. R. C. :
A writer in the E.I. Co's service, son of
Griffith educated at Warminster, Up-
:
Francis Grose went out to Bombay in 1750::
pingham and Queen's College, Oxford in 1757 he published A Voyage to the East
University Boden Sanskrit Scholar As- :
Indies, of which there were subsequent
sistant Master, Marlborough, 1849-53 '•
editions and a French translation. He
Professor of Enghsh Literature, Benares was a Member of the Society of Arts.
College, 1854-62 Principal of Benares :
College, 1863-78 Director of Public :

GROTE, ARTHUR (1814-1886)
Instruction, N.W.P., and Oudh, 1878-85 :
I.C.S. son of George Grote,and brother of
:
retired, 1885 author of Specimens of

:
the historian, George Grote born Nov. :
Old Indian Poetry, 1852 The Birth of the ; 29, 1814 educated at Haileybury went
: :
War -God, 1853 Idylls from the Sanskrit, ;

to Bengal in 1833 rose to be Commis- :
1866 Scenes from the Ramayan, 1868

;
sioner and Member of the Board of Revenue,
The Ramayan of Valmiki, 1870-5 The ;
Calcutta, 1 861-8 was President of the :
Hymns of the Rig-veda, 1889-92 The ;

Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1859-62 and
Hymns of the Atharva-veda, 1895-6; The in 1865 left India, 1868
: a prominent :
Texts of the White Yajur-veda, 1899 :

member and a Vice-President of the Royal
founder and editor of the Pandit, a San- Asiatic Society wrote papers on Botany :
skrit journal, for eight years : CLE., and Natural History : F.L.S. and F.Z.S :
1885. died Dec. 4, 1886.
GRIFFITH, WILLIAM (1810-1845) GROVES, ANTHONY NORRIS

(1795-1853)
Son of Thomas Griffith born March :
4,
1810 studied medicine
: educated at :
Born 1795 educated at Lymington :
the University of London went to :

and Fulham learnt chemistry, dentistry
:
Madras in 1832, in the E.I. Co.'s medical and surgery resided at Plymouth and
:
service botanical member of an expedi-

:
became a founder of the sect of Plymouth
tion to Assam, 1835, in connexion with brethren : devoted himself to missionary
the search for, and discovery of, the tea work from 1829 went overland to :
plant explored between Sadiya and

:
Bagdad and taught Christianity there
Ava and from Assam to Ava and Ran-
:
from Bagdad to Bombay in 1833 stayed :
goon attached in 1837 to Pemberton's

:
in India till 1852, visiting England twice
embassy to Bhutan in 1839, accom- :
during that time. In India he visited the
panied the Army of the Indus to Kabul, missionary stations, chiefly on the west
and went beyond the Hindu Kush to coast and in the Madras Presidency
Khorasan on medical duties to Malacca
:
practised dentistry for a year in Madras :
in 1 841-2 made enormous and valuable

:
laboured steadily for years in his work of
collections of dried plants on his journeys evangelization his preaching was very :
:
they were distributed from Kew after successful died at Bristol, May 20, 1853.
:
his death he also made researches in

:
He wrote journals of his journey to Bagdad
Natural History and valuable collections :
and of his residence there.
acting Superintendent of the Botanic
Garden, near Calcutta, and Professor of GROWSE, FREDERIC SALMON
(1837-1893)
Botany at the Medical College, Calcutta :
again to Malacca in 1844, and died there, I.C.S. son of Robert Growse
: born :
Feb. 9, 1845 his valuable notes and

: 1837 educated at Oriel College, and
:
collected papers were published in nine Queen's College, Oxford (Scholar) went :
volumes after his death, at the expense to India to the N.W.P. in i860 served :
I 82 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
in Mathura and Bulandshahr : built a the post which bore his name, and was
Catholic Church at Mathura : wrote eminent among those who fought hard and
Mathura, a District Memoir, 1880 : and an laboured unceasingly." After the relief,
English translation of the Ramayana he was with Sir Colin Campbell at Cawnpur:
of Tulsi Das, 1883 (said to occupy the ill-health then compelled him to go to
place almost of a Bible among the people England. He was Judge of the Agra
of the N.W. Provinces) also Bulandshahr, : Chief Court, 1858-63 died May 6,;;i863 : :
1884 he ardently defended the purity

: wrote The Mutinies in Oudh.
of the vernacular Hindi, as opposed to the
official Hindustani Member of the : GUBERNATIS, COUNT ANGELO DE
Asiatic Society of Bengal : a learned (1840-
Oriental scholar and archaeologist: C.I.E., Born April 7» 1840, at Turin descended :
1879 retired 1890

: died May 19, 1893. :
from ancient family of Provence studied :
first at Turin in 1862, sent by the :
GRUNWEDEL, ALBERT (1856- )

Italian Government to continue his
Born at Munich, July 31, 1856 son of : philological studies in Berlin under Weber
Karl Grlinwedel, an artist educated at : and Bopp : appointed, 1863, Professor
the Max-Gymnasium at Munich, and later of Sanskrit and Comparative Literature
(1876-82) studied Archaeology, classical at the Institut des Etudes Superieures in
Philology, Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, at the Florence in 1881, King Himibert con-
:
Munich University Dr. chiefly known as : : firmed to him the title of Count, borne
a Tibetan scholar, and leading authority in formerly by his ancestors visited India :
the history of Indian (especially Buddhist) in 1885 and 1886, and on his return
art has been, since 1882, Assistant
: founded an Indian Museum, and an
Director of the Royal Museums at Berlin, Italian Society at Florence
Asiatic
and is Director of the Asiatic Section of appointed, 1890, to his present position.
the Berlin Ethnographical Museum Professor of Sanskrit and Italian Litera-
(1904) Corresponding Member of the
: ture at the University of Rome has :
Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences at travelled much, and is a prolific and

Munich (1900), and of the Oriental ; many-sided writer, poet, dramatist, author
Division of the Archaeological Society at of many works on Italian literature, and a
St. Petersburg (1901) his chief works : Sanskritist has written on the mythology
:
are Buddhistische Kunst in Indien, of the Vedas Le fonti vediche delV epopea,
:
1893, etc., translated into English in 1901 1867, etc. other works are
:
:
Piccola :
—
his Lepcha-English Dictionary, compiled enciclopedia Indiana, 1867 ; Letterattir
from General Mainwaring's MSS., 1898 :
Indiana, 1883 Storia dei : viaggiatori
Mythologie des Buddhismus in Tibet italiani nelle Indie, 1875 II ; Dio Indra
und der Mongolei, 1900. His Report on nel Rigveda Primi Venti Inni : del Rigveda
his archaeological laboiurs in Idikutsari (translated with notes) Drammi indiani, :
(Turfan), 1905, is the result of his travels in verse Zoological Mythology, etc.
:
:
(1902-3) in Chinese Turkistan (Turfan) in elected an honorary member of the Royal

the company of Dr. Huth. Asiatic Society, and of its branch in Bom-
bay, besides belonging to other learned
GUBBINS, MARTIN RICHARD Societies delegate of the Italian Govern-
:
(1812-1863) of
ment at International Congresses
I.C.S. educated at Haileybury, 1829-
:
Orientalists.
30 :went out to India in 1830 served in :
the N.W. P. and in Oudh on its annexation ^GUISE, JOHN CHRISTOPHER

in 1856, when he was made its Financial (1826-1895)
Commissioner. In the mutiny, he took
a leading part in the operations at Luck- Lt- General J. Guise, Bart. :
: son of Sir
now had charge of the Intelligence De-
:
born 1826 the Army, 1845 :
: entered
partment advocated various measures,
:
served in the Crimea with the 90th Light
some of which were adopted, and some, Infantry in the mutiny at siege and
:
such as the disarmament of the native capture of Lucknow led the attack on the :
troops, were not accepted by Sir H. Sikandrabagh V.C. for gallantry in :
Lawrence served throughout the siege

:
action on Nov. 16 and 17, 1857, at Luck-
of Lucknow " retrenched and completed
:
now C.B. died Feb. 5, 1895.
: :
GUNDERT, REV. HERMAN (1814-1893) GWALIOR, SIR JIAJI RAO SINDIA,

Born at Stuttgart, 1814 worked in the :
MAHARAJA OF (1835-1886)
Basel Evangelical Mission in Malabar and His real name was Bagirat Rao was :
Canara, 1839-63 at Tellicherry In-: :

adopted by his predecessor's (Jankoji)
spector of Government Schools in Malabar widow, Tara Bai grave distiirbances
:
and Canara, i860 a learned scholar :

broke out regarding the regency the:
wrote Malayalam grammar and other Regent, MamaSahib, the Maharaja's

books, including a dictionary and Bible father-in-law, was driven out. Lord
translations retured,
: 1865 Editorial :
Ellenborough sent an army to Gwalior,
Secretary and Principal of the Calver to whom the usvurper, Dada Khasgeewala,
Verlagsverein died 1893. :
surrendered. The State Army was
defeated at Maharajpur and Punniar on
Dec. 29, 1843, and a treaty made at
GUY, SIR PHILIP M. N. (1804-1878)
Gwalior in Jan. 1844, when Jiaji was
Son of Melmoth Guy : educated pri-
placed on the throne. He paid great
vately and at the Military College, Brussels attention to military affairs and the im-
entered the Army, 1824 was in the 5th :
provement of his army. During the
regt. for 37 years, commanding it for 10 :
mutiny, the Maharaja remained loyal to
in the mutiny, commanded the Dinapur the British, though the contingent force
district in 1857 in several engagements
: :
at Gwalior rebelled from Tantia Topi
:
commanded an Infantry Brigade under and the Rani of Jhansi, he fled to Agra,
Sir Hope Grant and at the Alambagh
:
but was re-established by Sir Hugh Rose
during and after the second relief of at Gwalior he was handsomely rewarded
:
Lucknow, and at its capture C.B. held : :

for his loyalty in the mutiny. Another
commands at Colchester, China and Jersey treaty was made with him in 1864. The
K.C.B., 1873 General, 1877 died March
: :
Fort at Gwalior was restored to him in
10, 1878.
1885 and the British cantonment at Morar
abandoned. He sat in 1875 as a member
of the Court to try the then Gaekwar of
GWALIOR, DAULAT RAO SINDIA,
Baroda for attempting to poison Colonel
MAHARAJA OF (1780-1827) R. Phayre. He entertained H.R.H. the
Succeeded his great uncle and adoptive Prince of Wales in 1876. He was a
father Madhava (Madhoji) Sindia {q.v.), in G.C.S.I and a General died June 20, 1886.
: :
1794: he organized a formidable army under

French plundered Poona,seized Ah-
officers,
madnagar
GWALIOR, MADHAVA (MADHOJI)
declined an alliance with the
:
British against an Afghan invasion was :

RAO SINDIA, MAHARAJA OF
(1730-1794)
defeated at Poona in 1802 by Jaswant Rao
Holkar. In 1803 he was allied with the Son ofRanoji Sindia, who, originally a
Raja of Berar to defeat the objects of the sUpper bearer of the Peshwa, rose to be an
Treaty of Bassein they were routed by : of&cer of rank Madhava was illegitimate,
:
General Arthur Wellesley at Assaye on the fourth of his five sons. He and his
Sep. 23, 1803, and at Argaum on Nov. brother Dattaji were present in the war
28, 1803 : he was forced to sign the Treaty of 1 75 1 against the French and at the
of Sirji Anjenguam, Dec. 30, 1803, and cede battle of Panipat, where the Peshwa was
territory Lord Lake also defeated his
: completely defeated by the Afghans under
forces at Alighar on Aug. 29, 1803, at Delhi Shuja, 1760-1 after this battle, which
:
and Agra, and Laswari on Nov. iat : vktually overthrew the Mahratta design
he submitted in 1805 Lord Comwallis in : to conquer the whole of India, Madhava
1805 restored Gohadand Gwalior to him. became ruler of Ujain, in succession to his
Daulat Rao continued to give trouble by father. In the following years, he was
the support he gave to the Pindaris and an ally of the Poona Regent Raghunath,
their depredations, and was compelled by or Raghoba, fighting against the Jats of
Lord Hastings to make another treaty in Bhartpur and against the Rohillas, annex-
1817 : as he failed in his engagements, ing the fort of Gwalior and generally con-
the fort of Asirghar was taken from him : soHdating his power. Intrigues at the Courts
he died March 21, 1827. of the Peshwa and of the Emperor of Delhi
against the British ended in the treaty of GWATKIN, FREDERICK STAPLETON
Salbai between the Peshwa and the British (1849- )
in 1782, and led Warren Hastings to

Born Jan. 30, 1849 : son of F. Gwatkin :
appreciate his talents so greatly that he left

educated at Rugby and Trinity College,
him virtually a free hand in the administra- M.A.
Cambridge : entered the Array, :
tion of Central India and Hindustan. He 1872, and Indian Staff Corps, 1875 served :
now came tobe recognized as anindependent in Afghanistan, Egypt, Soudan, Lushai

Prince, though nominally the vassal of the
Hills, Chin-Lushai Hills, Manipur, Chitral
Peshwa and the Delhi Emperor with the :
and Tirah Brevet -Major and Brevet-
:
aid of De Boigne, who entered his service

Lt-Colonel: D.A.A.G., Assam: Military
about this time, he soon made himself A.A.G.,
Secretary to C. in C. in India :
feared by his neighbours, but in his

Peshawar District Colonel on the Staff,
:
attempt to attack the Raja of Jaipur was

commanding Sialkot C.B., 1902. :
repulsed by a conspiracy of Rajput chiefs

and Ismail Beg, who defeated him. In
the revolt of Ghulam Kadir against the HADLEY, GEORGE ? -1798)
(
Emperor of Delhi, in 1788, Sindia took no
part, but, after Delhi was retaken, he Joined the E.I. Co.'s Bengal Army,
espoused the cause of the blind Emperor. 1763 retired, 1771
: wrote and published :
One of his first acts was to re-engage De grammatical treatises on Hindustani in

Boigne as Commander of his forces. He 1772 and 1796, and Persian, 1776, with
defeated Ismail Beg and the Rajputs in vocabularies : died Sep. 10, 1798.
i790» and entered the town of Ajmir. In HADOW, REGINALD CAMPBELL
1 79 1 he formed the famous alliance with
(1851- )
Lord Cornwallis against Tippoo, which
ended in the latter's defeatat Seringapatam. Son of Douglas Hadow
Patrick :
In 1794 he proceeded to Poona to invest educated at Cheltenham entered the :
the young Peshwa with the Vice-regency Army, 1870, and the Bengal Staff Corps,
of the Empire, and received from him the 1876 : became Brevet-Colonel, 1892 :
title of Deputy Vice-Regent. In his served during the Afghan war, 1878-80 :
absence, his territories were attacked by present at Ahmad Kheyl and Urzoo in the :
Ismail Beg and Holkar, who were both march from Kabul to Kandahar, and
defeated by De Boigne. Madhava Rao battle of Kandahar Soudan expedition, :
died suddenly at Poona on Feb. 12, 1794, 1885, present at Tofrek andTamai second :
and it is not improbable that he was the Miranzai expedition, 1891 Chitral relief, :
victim of foul play on the part of Nana 1895: D.S.O. Tirah expedition, 1897:
:
Farnavis, who was jealous of his influence. present at Dargai severely wounded at :
He early recognized the military power Khangarbur : commanded 15th Sikhs :
of the British, and did not oppose them retired.
for long. In his schemes of self-aggrandize- HAFFKINE, WALDEMAR MORDECAI

ment, he worked as the subordinate of WOLFF (1860- )
the Peshwa and the Delhi Emperor.

Born March i860 son of Aaron
15, :
Haffkine, Odessa educated at Berdiansk

:
GWALIOR, MAHARAJA SIR MADHO College (S. Russia) and Odessa University :
RAO SINDIA BAHADUR, OF engaged in research work at Zoological

(1876- ) Museum, Odessa, 1883-8 Assistant Pro- :
fessor of Physiology, Geneva, 1888-9 :
Born Oct. 20, 1876 : succeded to the assistant to Pasteur in Paris, 1889-93 '•
Raj, July 3, 1886 : Hon. Colonel British on bacteriological duty in India since
Army, 1898 went to China as Orderly
: 1893 : Director-in-Chief, Government
Officer to General Sir A. Gaselee, 1901, and Plague Research Laboratory, Bombay
provided the expedition with a hospital CLE. author of works of general Micro-
:
ship at his own expense G.C.S.I., 1895 : : biology, Cholera, Plague, etc.
went to England for the Coronation of
H.M. King Edward VII in 1902 Hon. :
HAFIZ RAHMAT KHAN (1710F-1774)
LL.D., Cambridge : Hon. and Extra A famous Rohilla chief : born about
A.D.C. to the King. 1710 in Afghanistan : uncle of Ali Muham-
mad, chief of the Rohillas, who had settled England educated at Harrow, and Christ
:
on the N.W. frontier of Oudh joined his : Church, Oxford went to Bengal in :
people in 1739 and received large grants the E.I. Co.'s service published A :
of land from his nephew on the death of : Code of Gentoo Laws on Ordinations of
Ali Muhammad, he was made " Hafiz " or the Pandits, from a Persian Translation,
" guardian " of his sons but betrayed : 1776 and in 1778 a Bengali grammar,
:
the trust and made himself virtual ruler printed at Hughli, at the first printing-
of the country entered into alliance with
: press in India in its preface, he drew
:
the Nawab of Oudh, Shuja-ud-daula, attention to the similarity between San-

against the Mahrattas, engaging to pay him skrit and European languages returned :
40 lakhs in return for his aid. Sir Robert to England, 1785 M.P. for Lymington, :
Barker, the English general, attested the 1790-5 took the part of the lunatic
:
treaty. The Mahrattas were driven out, prophet Richard Brothers, an act which
but Rahmat Khan failed to fulfil his part was fatal to his career in 1809 he was :
of the engagement. The destruction appointed to a post in the East India

of the Rohillas was the result they were : House he imitated Martial's epigrams
:
defeated at Miranpiir Katra by the united and translated Aristaenetus he wrote :
forces of the Nawab and the English : A Narrative of the Events in Bombay and
Hafiz Rahmat Khan was killed in the Bengal relative to the Mahratta Empire,
battle (1774) a man of education, and of
: 1779 his Oriental MSS. were purchased
literary attainments a strong ruler, and : by the British Museum died Feb. 18, :
on the whole a beneficent one, both to- 1830.

wards the Rohillas and as regards his
Hindu subjects. HALIFAX, CHARLES WOOD,
VISCOUNT (1800-1885)
HAINES, SIR FREDERICK PAUL
(1819- Born Dec. 20, 1800 son of Sir Francis :
)
Lindley Wood, second Baronet educated :
Field Marshal son of Gregory Haines,

:
at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford double :
C.B. :entered the Army, 1839 Military :

first, 1821 was M.P. for Grimsby and
:
Secretary to Sir Hugh Gough, C. in C,

Wareham, and for Halifax, 1832-65
India, 1845-9 served in the Satlaj
:
joint Secretary to the Treasury, 1832
campaign, 1845-6 present at Mudki :
Secretary to the Admiralty, 1835-9
and Firozshahr in the Panjab campaign
:
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1846-52
of 1848-9, at Ramnagar, the Chenab,
P.C. : and succeeded to the Baronetcy
Chilianwala, Gujarat Crimea, 1854-5 : :
in 1846 was President of the Board of
:
C. in C. Madras, 1 871-5 C. in C. India, :

Control, Dec. 1852, to Feb. 1855, and
1876-81, during the Afghan war, 1879-
passed the India Charter Act of 1853 :
80 : thanked by Parliament K.C.B., :
First Lord of the Admiralty, 1855-8 :
1871 General and G.C.B., 1877 G.C.S.I.

: :
G.C.B., 1856 Secretary of State for India,
:
1859-66 dturing this time he passed

HALDANE, JAMES AYLMER LOW- :
THORPE (1862- several important measures for the

)
reorganization of the Indian Army, the
Born Nov. 17, 1862 son of D. Rutherford :
constitution of the Indian Legislative
Haldane, M.D. educated at Wimbledon
:
Councils, and the establishment of the

school, Edinburgh Academy, and at the
High Courts, and by the end of this period
Staff College joined the Gordon High-
the equilibrium of Indian finance had been
:
landers, 1882 served in Waziristan

:
practically restored M.P. for Ripon, :
expedition, 1894-5 Chitral, 1895 Tirah: :

1865 : created Viscount Halifax, 1866 :
expedition, 1897-8 A.D.C. to Sir W. :

made his
Lord Privy Seal, 1870-4 :
Lockhart present at Dargai

: D.S.O. : :
reputation by his excellent discharge of
South Africa, 1899-1900 taken prisoner :
and
his duties, his business qualities
and escaped from Pretoria : author of administration died Aug.
judicious :
How we Escaped from Pretoria. 8, 1885.
HALHED, NATHANIEL BRASSEY

(1751-1830) HALL, FITZ-EDWARD (1825-1901)
I.C.S. born May 25, 1751 son of
:
' Born at Troy in New York State
.William Halhed, Director of the Bank of graduated at Harvard University, 1846 :
Doctor went to India, 1850
: was : Secretary to the Sadr Board of Revenue
Anglo-Sanskrit Professor at Benares, in 1836 :Secretary to the Government
1851 the first American to publish a
:
of Bengal, 1838 Officiating Secretary to
:
text in Sanslcrit in the mutiny was : the Government of India in 1842 Secre- :
Inspector of Schools in the Education tary to the Home Department of the

Department in Central India was : Government of India, 1849. While on
beleaguered for 6 months in Sagar Fort at : furlough, in 1852-3, he was on 16 occasions
Benares, in 1859, published a Contribution examined before the Committees of the
towards an Index of the Philosophy of the Lords and Commons on Indian subjects
Indian Philosophical Systems, and essays in connexion with the renewal of the E.I.
in the I.A.S. Bengal, and other Oriental Company's Charter Member of the :
studies in 1862 was Professor of Sanskrit

:
Governor-General's Supreme Council, Dec.
and Indian Jurisprudence at King's 1853, to April, 1854 the first Lieutenant-
:
College, London Librarian at the India : Governor of Bengal, from May i, 1854, to
Office retired, 1869
: worked on Dr. : May I, 1859. His term of office as
Murray's Oxford English Dictionary wrote : Lieutenant-Governor was eventful the :
Modern' English in 1870 died Feb. 11, : Sonthal insurrection required the move-
1901. ment of troops and strong measures for
its suppression the Indian mutiny did
:
HALL, HENRY (1789-1875) not eventually assume such proportions

General son of the Ven. Archdeacon
: in Lower Bengal as in Upper India, but the
Hall born 1789
: entered the Bengal : earliest indications appeared at Barrackpur
Army, 1805 was D.A.Q.M.G. under: and Berhampur outbursts occurred in
:
Ochterlony in the Pindari war, 18 17- 8 : other parts of the Lower Provinces, and,
performed the duties of the Guide and during the whole two years, Halliday's
Intelligence Department appointed, in : vigilance and administrative capacity were
1822, to civilize the turbulent race of severely tried and never failed. He was
Mhairs raised a Mhair corps (which
: held in high estimation by Lord Dalhousie,
remained faithful in 1857, helped to save and had great influence with Lord Canning,
Ajmir and Eiuropean lives). Through who said of him, after the mutiny, that
Hall's exertions, female infanticide, slavery, for many months he had been the " right
sale of women, murder and universal hand of the Government." Halliday
plunder, are said to have completely recorded a Minute on " The Mutinies as
ceased: C.B. in 1838: died in Aug., they affected the Lower Provinces under
1875. the Government of Bengal." He had
also to deal with the new conditions
HALLETT, HOLT S. ( ?
attending the creation of Bengal into a
Son of T. P. L. Hallett, LL.D educated: separate Lieutenant-Governorship, and
at Kensington school and Charterhouse : arising from the great Education despatch
qualified for Engineer on L. and N.W. of 1854 from England, important Rent
Railway : employed in construction work, and Revenue legislation, and the intro-
1860-8 : entered Indian P.W.D., 1868, duction of Railways. He received the
and served in Burma : retired in 1880 : thanks of Parliament for his mutiny ser-
proposed connexion of Indian, Burmese vices: was made K.C.B. in i860: and was
and Chinese railways, and surveyed the Member of the Council of India from 1868
country, 188 1-5 author of A Thousand : to 1886 he died Oct. 22, 1901. Of lofty
:
Miles on an Elephant ; Development of our stature and splendid physique, Halliday

Eastern Markets ; Indian Taxation, Ancient appeared to be the embodiment of great
and Modern ; India and her Neighbours ; power, an impression which was strength-
Indian Factory Legislation ; Extension of ened by whatever he said, or wrote.
Railways, etc.
HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1762-1824)
HALLIDAY, SIR FREDERICK JAMES Captain in the military service of the
:
(1806-1901) E.I. Co. :M.A.S.B. the date of his return

:
I.C.S. born Dec. 26, 1806

: son of : to England is not recorded prosecuted :
Thomas Halliday of Ewell educated at : his study of Sanskrit at the British Museum
St. Paul's school, Rugby, and Haileybury : and in Paris when the war with France
:
went out to Bengal in June, 1825 was : broke out again after the peace of Amiens,
he was detained in Paris as a hostage : Army, 1873 : served in the Afghan war,
taught Sanskrit to French savants made : 1878-80 : Boer war, 1881 : at Majuba
a Catalogue of the Sanskrit MSS. in the Hill Nile expedition, 1884-5
: Burma :
National Library at Paris, which was pub- expedition, 1886-7 Brevet-Lt-Colonel, :
lished by Langles {q.v.) was Professor of :

1891 Chitral relief, 1895
: C.B. Tirah : :
Sanskrit at Haileybury, May, 1806-18 : campaign, 1897-8 South Africa, 1899- :
F.R.S.,i8o8 published the Hitopadesa in

:
1901 : Chief of the Staff to Lord Kitchener,
Sanskrit, 181 1 a treatise on the terms of
: 1901-2 K.C.B. D.S.O.
: Quarter- : :
Sanskrit grammar, 1815 a key to the : Master-General of the Army, 1903 :
Chronology of the Hindus, 1820 wrote : attached to the Japanese Army, 1904-5.
articles on Ancient Indian Geography,
and contributed to the Edinburgh Review :
HAMILTON, SIR JOHN, BARONET
died Dec. 30, 1824.
(1765-1835)
HAMILTON, CHARLES (1753 P-1792) Son of James Hamilton : born Aug.

4»i755 joined the Bengal Native Infantry
:
Born about 1753 son of Charles :

of the E.I. Co. in 1773 present in the =
Hamilton, merchant went to India in the :

attacks on Cooch Behar, and at the cap-
E.I. Co.'s military service in 1776 was one :
ture of Gwalior, in the operations against
of the first members of the Asiatic Society
the Mahrattas in 1778 served also in the :
of Bengal : in the expedition

served
King's troops against Tippoo, in the
against the Rohillas, and wrote an account
campaign of 1790-1 left India and was :
of them in 1787 translated the Hedaya,

:
afterwards at San Domingo, at the Cape,
or guide to Muhammadan Law, from Per-
in the Peninsula in 1809-13 Lt-General, :
sian, 1791. He died March 14, 1792, in 1814 Baronet, 1815 K.C.B. and K.C.H.
: : :
England, before he could take up the post

died Dec. 24, 1835.
of Resident in Oudh, to which he had been
appointed. HAMILTON, SIR ROBERT NORTH
EDWARD OWEN FISHER COLLIE, BARONET (1802-1887)
HAMILTON,
(1854- )
Son Frederick Hamilton, fifth
of Sir
Baronet born April 7, 1802 educated
: :
Son William James Hamilton

of bom :
at Haileybury went to India in 1819 : :
Feb. 17, 1854 joined the Army, 1873 : :

served in the N.W.P. Commissioner of :
served in the Afghan war, 1878-80 Agra Secretary to the N.W.P. Govern-
:
Burma war, 1886-7 Hazara expedition, :

ment in 1843 Resident at Indore, with :
1891 : Tochi valley, 1896 Malakand :

Holkar, from 1844 succeeded as Baronet, :
Field Force, 1897 D.A.A.G. Tirah : :

in 1853 was made Agent to the Governor-
:
expedition, 1897-8 Africa, 1899-1900 : :

General for Central India in 1854
Brig-Gensral : commanding 2nd class
returned from leave in England in the
District in India, since 1902 : C.B., 1902.
mutiny of 1857 and rejoined at Indore : :
was ordered to prepare a plan for the

HAMILTON, LORD GEORGE FRANCIS pacification of Central India, which was
(1845- )
accepted he, as Political Officer, accom-
:
Born Dec. 17, 1845 : son of ist Duke of panied Sir Hugh Rose in his Central Indian
Abercorn educated at Harrow
: : M.P. campaign in 1858 was at the capture of :
for Middlesex County, 1868-85 : M.P. Jhansi and defeat of Tantia Topi at the :
for'Ealing Division, 1885 Under Secretary : restoration of Gwalior to Sindia K.C.B., :
of State for India, 1874-8 Vice-President : and the thanks of Parliament for his
of Council, 1878-80 First Lord of the : mutiny services provisional Member of :
Admiralty, 1885-92 P.C. : Chairman of : the Supreme Council, 1859 retired in :
London School Board, 1894-5 Secretary : 1859, from ill-health died May 30, 1887. :
of State for India, 1 895-1903 resigned. :
HAMMOND, SIR ARTHUR GEORGE

HAMILTON, SIR IAN STANDISH (1843- )
MONTEITH (1S53- )
Born 1843 son of Major T. G. Ham- :
Son of Colonel Christian Monteith mond educated at Sherborne and

:
Hamilton, born Jan. 16, 1853 educated : Addiscombe entered the Indian Staff :
at Cheam and Wellington entered the : Corps, 1861 Colonel, 1890 served in : :
the Jowaki-Afridi expedition, 1877-8 : HANNAY ( ? - ? )
in the Gmdes in the Afghan war, 1878-80

in the service of the E.I. Co.
:
Major :
gained the V.C. on the Asmai Heights,

in the time of Warren Hastings with :
near Kabul, Dec. 14, 1879 Hazara :

permission, he left the Company's service
expedition, 1888 D.S.O., Hazara ex- :
and entered that of the Nawab
for a time,
pedition, 1891 C.B. Brevet-Colonel, managed the district of
: :
of Oudh, 1778 :
Isazai expedition, 1892 Chitral relief, :

Gorakhpur disturbances in it were said
:
1895 Tirah expedition, 1897-8

: com- :
to be owing to his oppression and mis-
manded a Brigade A.D.C. to Queen :
conduct. The Nawab dismissed him in
Victoria. would not hear of his
1781, and later
return he took part in the war against
:
HAMPSON, SIR GEORGE FRANCIS, the Rohillas in 1774, and was afterwards
BARONET (1860- )
examined with reference to alleged cruel-
Born Jan. 14, i860 educated at Char- : ties practised on that people.
terhouse and Exeter College, Oxford
author of various scientific works, including HARDING, FRANCIS PYM ( ? - 1875)
The Moths of Itidia, published by the Maj-General entered the Army, 1838
: :
India Office, 1892-6. in the 22nd regt. at the defence of the

residency at Hyderabad (Sind) on Feb. 15,
HANBURY, SIR JAMES ARTHUR 1843 and at Miani on Feb. 17 danger-
: :
(1832- ) ously wounded Persian interpreter to :
Born 1832 educated at Trinity Col-

:
Sir C. Napier in the Afridi expedition, and
lege,Dublin entered the Army Medical
:
the forcing of the Kohat Pass, 1850 : in
Department, 1853 served in China, :
the Crimea, at all the battles, 1854-5 :
India, and America in the Afghan :

C.B. Maj-General in 1868
: died Feb. :
campaign, as P.M.O. of a Division, 1878- 26, 1875.

in Sir F. Roberts' march from Kabul
9 :
HARDING, RIGHT REV. JOHN, D.D.
to Kandahar, Aug. 1880 Egypt, 1882 : :
(1805-1874)
Surgeon-General, Madras Presidency,
Born Jan. 7, 1805 son of William :
1888-92 K.C.B., 1892.
Harding educated at Westminster and
:
Worcester College, Oxford ordained in

HANDCOCK, ARTHUR GORE :
1827 rector at Blackfriars, and Secretary

:
(1840-
of the Church Pastoral Aid Society
)
Born 1840 son of Capt. E. R. Hand-

: Bishop of Bombay, 1S51-68 D.D. in :
cock educated privately

: entered the : 1851 his views were of a pronounced
:
Bengal Army, 1858 and the Indian : Evangelical type: died Jv.ne 18, 1874.
Staff Corps, 1866 became Maj-General,
HARDINGE, HON. SIR ARTHUR
:
1896 served in the Bhutan expedition,

:
1865-6 Afghan war, 1878-80, as A.A.G.

: :
EDWARD (1828-1892)
present at Ahmad Kheyl Brevet-Lt- :
Second son of Henry, first Viscount
Colonel A.A.G., Bengal, 1880-5
: C.B., =
Hardinge {q.v.) educated at Eton :
1893 Lt-General.
:
joined the 41st foot in 1844 to India as :
A.D.C. to his father, when Governor-

General (1S44-8) was in the first vSikh
HANKIN, ERNEST HANBURY :
(1865- )
war of 1845-6, at the battles of Mudki,
Firozshahr and Sobraon exchanged to :
Born Feb. 4, 1865 son of Rev. D. B. : the Coldstream Guards in 1849 in the :
Hankin educated at Merchant Taylors',

: Q.M.G.'s Department in the Crimea, 1854-
University College, London, St. Bartholo- 5, at all the battles Brevet-Major and :
mew's Hospital, and St. John's College, C.B., 1857 Equerry to the Prince Consort
:
Cambridge Scholar and Fellow studied

: : and afterwards to Queen Victoria Maj- :
under Koch and Pasteur Chemical : General, 1871 commanded a Division :
Examiner and Bacteriologist, Agra, and in Bengal, 1873-8 C. in C. of the Bombay :
Oudh, since 1892 author of several : Army, 1881-5 General, 1883: K.C.B. :
papers on medical subjects, including and CLE. in 1886 Governor of Gib- :
Anthrax, Cholera, etc. : Fellow of Allaha- raltar, 1S86-90 : died July, 1892, from
bad University. the effects of a carriage accident.
189
HARDINGE, CHARLES STEWART, established schools: prohibited
SECOND VISCOUNT (1822-1894) Sunday
work m Government offices promoted rail- :
Eldest son of the first Viscount Har- ways and irrigation determined important :
dinge (q.v.), the Governor-General born military questions, both in the native
:
and
Sep. 12, 1822 educated at Eton and the European armies. His
:
equestrian
Christ Church, Oxford was Private statue was subsequently erected in
:
Cal-
Secretary to his father the whole time the cutta. He was made Master-General of
latter was Governor-General, 1844-8 the Ordnance in 1852, and was C. in C.
: of
M.P. for Downpatrick, 185 1-6 suc- :
the Forces, 1852-6 Field Marshal in :
ceeded to the Peerage, 1856 Under :

1855 died Sep. 24, 1856.
:
Secretary for War, 1858-9 a good :
amateur artist a volume. Recollections

: HARDWICKE, ALBERT EDWARD
of India, published from his drawings : PHILIP HENRY YORKE, SIXTH
he wrote a life of his father for the EARL OF (1867-1904)
" Rulers of India " series he died :
Born March 14, 1867 son of the fifth :
July 28, 1894.
Earl : educated at Eton in the Diplo- :
matic service, 1886-91 worked eight :
HARDINGE, HENRY, FIRST VIS- years as member of a firm of stockbrokers :.
COUNT, OF LAHORE (1785-1856) part proprietor of the Saturday Review :

Governor-General Under Secretary of State for India, 1900-
: Field Marshal : born
2 for War, 1902-3 and again for
March 30, 1785 son of Rev. Henry:
: :
India, 1903-4 died suddenly Nov. 29,

Hardinge entered the Army in 1799
:
:
:
went through the Royal Military College 1904.

at High Wycombe, 1806-7 through the :
Peninsular war, first as D.A.Q.M.G.,

HARDY, REV. ROBERT SPENCE
afterwards with the Portuguese Army ( ? -1868)
present in a number of battles, several Missionary in 1825, appointed to the
:
times wounded K.C.B. in 1815

: lost an :
Wesleyan Mission in Ceylon from 1835. :
arm at Quatre Bras : Commissioner with methodically studied the authentic sources.
the Prussians in France, 1818 D.C.L. of :
of Buddhism published Eastern Mona-
:
Oxford M.P. 1820-44, for Durham,

:
chism, 1850, and Manual of Buddhism,..
Newport and Launceston Secretary at : 1852, on the condition of the Buddhist
War, 1818-30 and 1841-4
: Irish :
priesthood in Ceylon, the Buddhist
Secretary in 1830 and 1834-5 ,Lt- :
system and legendary history of Gautama
General in 1841 G.C.B. in 1844
: was :
Buddha in the South General Super- :
Governor-General of India from July, intendent of the S. Ceylon mission, 1863-

1844, to Jan. 1848 the first to go out
:
6 : wrote on the Sacred Books of the
overland. The Panjab being in a state Buddhists, compared with History and
of anarchy since Ranjit Singh's death in Modern Science : Honorary Member of
1839, and the Sikh khalsa army dominant, the Royal Asiatic Society died April 16, :
Hardinge strengthened the Sa'tlaj frontier 1868.

with troops when the Sikhs crossed the
:
Satlaj, they were defeated at Mudki and HARE, DAVID (1775-1842)

Firozshahr in Dec. 1845, and in Feb. An enthusiastic promoter of the English
1846, at Sobraon, Hardinge serving as education of Indians born in Scotland :
second in command under Sir Hugh in 1775 brought up as a watchmaker

: :
Gough, the C. in C. On peace being made, went out to Calcutta in 1800 in a few :
on terms dictated to the Sikhs, Hardinge years acquired a competence, and before
received a Peerage, and pensions from 1816 made over his business to a relative
Parliament and the E.I. Co. Kashmir named Grey in 1814 proposed to his
:
was annexed and made over to the Raja friend. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the estab-
of Jammu for a large sum a British : lishment of an English school at Calcutta :
Resident (Sir H. Lawrence), at Lahore, with the help of Sir Edward East and
was appointed. On retiring from India Bengali friends, opened the Hindu College
he claimed to have left it in complete on Jan. 20, 1817 locating it on a piece
:
peace. Hardinge also left his mark on of his land on the N. side of College
the internal administration of India he : Square : in Sep. 1818, founded the Calcutta.
ipo DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
School Book Society for printing and in Bengal until he became Fourth Member
publishing English and Bengali books : of the Board of Revenue, 1799 Puisne :
worked hard for the repeal of the Regula- Judge of the Sadr Diwani and Nizamat
tions against the Press to secure trial : Adalat, 1801 Chief Judge, 181 1
: Senior :
by jury in civil cases in the Supreme Member of the Board of Revenue for the
Court :to prevent emigration of Indian Western Provinces, and Agent to the
labourers to Mauritius and Bourbon in : Governor-General at Delhi, 1823 Member :
1838 was appointed by Government a of the Supreme Council and President of

Judge Court of Requests, in
of the Calcutta the Board of Trade, 1822-3 and again, '
recognition of his services for the cause of 1825-7 :he was also Professor of the
native education died June i, 1842, of
: Laws and Regulations at the College of
cholera his full-sized marble statue was
: Fort William, and President of the Council
erected by public subscription, between of the College edited The Persian and
:
Presidency College and the Hare School Arabic Works of Sadi, and published an
the anniversary of his death is still ob- Analysis of the Laws and Regulations,
served by the Bengalis with great venera- etc., 1805-17 retired, 1828 : died in :
tion, and a memorial tablet has been London, April 9, 1828.

placed by the Government of India at his
residence. HARISH CHANDRA (1859-1885)
HARIDAS, NANABHAI (1832-1889) The son of Gopal Chandra Sahu, of

Benares (a prolific author, died 1859,
Born Sep. 5, 1832, at Surat a Gujarati :
aged 27) educated at Queen's College,
:
Hindu educated at the Bombay Elphin-

:
Benares, and early commenced to write :
stone Assistant Translator in
College :
became the most celebrated of the native
the Supreme Court, Bombay, 1832-63 :
poets of modern times, and did more
LL.D. at the Madras University, 1863 : for the popularisation of vernacular
Vakil of the Bombay Sadr Court, 1861, literature than almost any Indian of the
and of the High Court, 1862 acted as :
last century wrote and excelled in
:
Judge of the Bombay High Court several many styles his best known work is the
:
times after 1873, and was confirmed in

Sundari Tilak, an anthology of poems
the appointment : died June, 1889.
from the works of 69 authors. Another,
Prasiddh Mahatma ka Jiban Charitra,
HARINGTON, SIR HENRY BYNG
(1808-1871) was a series of lives of great men, European
and Indian. Another very popular work
Son of Henry Hawes Harington, of
is the Kabi Bachan Sudha, a collection of
Madras born 1808 entered the E.I. Co.'s
: :
poems dealing with the rainy season.
Bengal Army in 1824 served with the :
His works numbered over a hundred, and
37th Bengal N.I. present at Bhartpur,
:
include several plays. He also conducted
1826 transferred by regular nomination
:
for many years an excellent vernacular
to the Civil Service, about 1828 returned :
magazine, called the Harishchandrika.
to England, and passed the required In 1880 he received the title of Bharatendu,
served in the N.W.P. rose to be
tests or Moon of India, by the unanimous
: :
Judge of the Sadr Court at Agra, 1852 :

consent of all the editors of vernacular
shut up in the Fort at Agra in the mutiny :
papers in the country was certainly the :
became the Member, representing the best critic Northern India has yet pro-
N.W.P., of the Governor- General's Legis- duced : died, universally regretted, in
lative Council, 1858-62 was twice a :
1885.
temporary Member of the Supreme
Council, confirmed in 1862 retired in :
HARLAN, JOSIAH ( ? - ? )
March, 1865 declined the Lieutenant-

:
Adventurer of Philadelphia son of

Governorship of the N.W.P. on the retire-
: :
Edmonstone a Quaker studied for medical profession

: :
ment of Sir G. F. {q.v.) :
K.C.S.L in 1866 : died Oct. 7» 1871- went to India sent by Lord Amherst as :
Assistant Surgeon with the Army to

HARINGTON, JOHN HERBERT Burma left it and tried to conquer part
:
(1764-1828) of the Panjab captured by Ran jit :
Joined the E.I. Co.'s service at Calcutta Singh (q.v.), who employed him twice :
in 1780 held subordinate appointments

:
envov to Dost Muhammad, and secret
agent of Shah Shuja and agent of the :
at MalaviUi
on March 27, and took Seringa-
former made Governor of Jasrata, Nur-
:
patam on May 4, 1799 Mysore was :
piir and Gujarat till 1835 sent on a annexed

:
: retired to England, 1800
Lt- :
mission to Dost Muhammad won over :

General, 1801 General, 1812 made a : :
Sultan Muhammad Khan, the Afghan Peer, 1815 G.C.B., 1820 Governor of
: :
Governor of Peshawar, and gained it for Dumbarton Castle died May

:
19, 1829.
Ranjit entered Dost Muhammad's ser-
:
vice: sent on expedition against Kunduz : HARRIS, GEORGE FRANCIS ROBERT,

deputed by Dost- Muhammad in 1839 to THIRD BARON (1810-1872)
negotiate with Sir A. Burnes {q.v.) :
Governor: son of General William
returned to India and America, and was George, the second Baron, and grandson
heard of no more. of the first Baron Harris {q.v.) born :
Aug. 14, 1810 educated at Eton, private-

HARNESS, SIR HENRY DRURY :
ly, at Merton and Christ Church, Oxford

(1804-1883)
B.A., 1832 D.C.L., 1863 Governor of
: :
Son John Harness, M.D. born 1804

of : :
Trinidad, 1846 Governor of Madras :
entered the Royal Engineers, 1827 :

from April, 1754, to March, 1859 during :
Colonel, 1862 in the mutiny as Lt- :

the mutiny he allowed Madras to be
Colonel R.E. in the operations at Cawn-
:
denuded of troops for service in Upper
pur, against the Gwalior contingent at :
India the rebellion did not extend to
:
the siege and capture of I-ucknow in :

Madras in a minute on the newspapers
:
Rohilkund in Oudh C.B.

: K.C.B., : :
he made some disparaging rewarks on the
1873 Colonel
: Commandant R.E. and want of loyalty and principle on the part
Colonel in the Army retired as Maj- :
of the British Press throughout the
General, 1877 died Feb. 10, 1883. :
country he was made K.C.S.I. in 1861
:
G. C.S.I, in 1866 and Chamberlain to

HARPER ( ? - ? )
H.R.H. the (then) Princess of Wales on
:
Captain in the E.I. Co.'s service

: her marriage in 1863 he died Nov. 23, :
prominent in the Oudh charges against 1872.

Hastings Resident at the Court of
:
the Nawab of Oudh sent by Sir Robert :

HARRIS, GEORGE ROBERT CAN-
Barker to negotiate with the Rohillas in NING, FOURTH BARON (1851- )
1772 recalled from the Nawab's Court,

: Born Feb. 3, 185 1 educated at Eton :
1773- and Christ Church, Oxford Captain of :
the Eton Cricket Eleven, 1870 three years :
HARRIS, GEORGE, FIRST BARON, in the Oxford Eleven Under Secretary for :
OF SERINGAPATAM AND MY- India, 1885-6 Under Secretary for War, :
SORE (1746-1829) 1888-9 Governor of Bombay, 1890-5

: :
Son George Harris

of the Rev. born : served in S. Africa, 1901 : a well-known
March 18, 1746 educated at the Royal : cricketer, for England and Kent G.C.S.I. : :
Military Academy, Woolwich Cadet in : G.C.I.E. : D.L.

the Royal Artillery, 1759 was with the :
5th Foot in America engaged at Bun- :

HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM CORN-
ker's 1775, severely wounded
Hill in
WALLIS (1807-1848)
served in the W. Indies went out to : Major son of James Harris
: : born in
India with General Sir William Medows 1807 educated at a military
: college :
iq.v.), as A.D.C. and Private Secretary, joined the E.I. Co.'s Bombay Engineers
while the latter was Governor and C. in C. in 1823 on leave to the Cape, 1835-7,
:
at Bombay (1788-90), and at Madras made an expedition to shoot big game in

(1790-2) : in the campaigns of 1790-1, the interior of South Africa field en- :
against Tippoo, and in the attack on gineer to the Army in Sind, 1838 Super- :
Seringapatam, 1792 saved £40,000 for : intending Engineer in 1841 negotiated :
Medows commanded at Fort William,

: a commercial treaty with Shoa in Abys-
Calcutta, in 1794 Maj-General com- : : sinia knighted, 1844 again Superintend-
: :
nianded at Madras, 1796-1800, with a ing Engineer in Bombay died of fever, :
spat in Council, and acting Governor from Oct. 9, 1848 published accounts of the
:
Feb. to Aug. 1798 in 1799 commanded : game animals of S. Africa and scientific :
^0,000 men against Tippoo routed him : papers on zoology and certain trees.
HARRIS, WILLIAM GEORGE, treated the Mahrattas in 1779
before •
SECOND BARON (1782-1845) by conduct of the rearguard, he

his skilful
born saved the force from utter defeat. He

Son of the first Baron {q.v.) :
educated at Chelsea
was opposed to the Convention of War-
Jan. 19, 1782 : :
gaum, Jan. 14, 1779 captured Ahmada-

joined the Army in 1795
:
and the 74th :
served in
bad, Feb. 15, 1780 was further engaged :
Highlanders in Madras, 1797 :
against the Mahrattas, 20,000 of whom

his father's Army against Tippoo, i799 •
he defeated at Doogaur, Dec. 9, 1780 his

in the storming party at Seringapatam
:
:
promotion to Lt-Colonel was disallowed by

conveyed home the standards taken there
the Court of Directors, but granted by the
to the King at the battle of Copen- :
hagen in Canada: was a volunteer in :

King in England Q.M.G. of the Bombay :
Sir D. Baird's re-capture of the Cape,

Army, 1788 in Dec. 1790, he defeated
:
Tippoo's general, Husain Ali, at Calicut

1805 served in N. Germany and in the
:
:
co-operated against Seringapatam in 179 1

Netherlands, 1813-4 wounded at Water- :
:
held commands in Ireland captured the French settlement of Mah6 in

loo, 1815 :
and England succeeded as Peer, 1829 : :

1793 Maj-General in
: 1796 made :
K.C.H. Supervisor of Malabar second in com- :

Lt-General, 1S37 C.B. died : : :
May 30, 1845.

mand of the Bombay Army under General
Stuart against Tippoo in 1799 fought at :
HARRISON, SIR HENRY LELAND Seedaseer on March 5, 1799 at the :
(1837-1892) storming of Seringapatam, May 4 died :
at Cannanore, Oct. 4, 1799.

I.C.S.son of Rev. James Harwood
:
Harrison educated at Westminster and

:
Christ Church, Oxford went to Bengal :

HARTMANN, RIGHT REV. DR.
in the Civil Service, i860 Junior Secre- :
ANASTASIUS (1803-1866)
tary to Government of Bengal, 1867 Born Feb. 1803, in the Canton of
25,
Secretary to Board of Revenue, 1878 : Lucerne studied at Soleure, and entered
:
Commissioner of Police and Chairman of the Capuchin Order, Sep. 1822 ordained :
the Corporation of Calcutta, 1 88 1-90: Priest, 1826: became master of novices at

knighted Member of the Bengal Legisla-
: Fribourg at Rome, 184 1-3, as Professor
:
tive Council Member of the Board of : of Controversy sent to Agra, 1843, and,
:
Revenue, 1890 died of cholera, at Chitta- : after six months, appointed Chaplain at
gong. May 5, 1892. Gwalior Bishop of Derbe
: in 1846 :
appointed Vicar Apostolic of Patna, and

•
HART, GEORGE VAUGHAN Bishop at Agra, also in 1846 Vicar :
(1752-1832) Apostolic of Bombay from 1849 founded :
Born 1752 entered the Army, 1775: :

the Catholic Examiner made Assistant :
fought in the American war, 1775-8 in :

Prelate to the Pontifical Throne and
the West Indies, 1778-9 went to India : :
Count of the Roman Empire, also Pro-
in the naval actions with Admiral Suffrein :
curator-General of the Capuchin Mission :
was on Sir Edward Hughes's ship off again went to Patna as Vicar Apostolic,
Madras was at the taking of Bangalore,
:
i860 :laboured in the interests of his
1791, and of the hill forts at Malavilli :
charge published an Urdu version of
:
and at the siege of Seringapatam com- :

the New Testament secured the exemp- :
manded in Canara, 1799 Maj-General, :

tion of Catholic natives from the Bill for
1805 Lt-General, 181 1
: commanded in :
the marriage of native Christians sur- :
Ireland M.P. for Donegal, 1812-31

: :
vived an attack of cholera in June, 1865,
died June 14, 1832. but succumbed to another attack, April
24, 1866.
HARTLEY, JAMES (1745-1799)
Born the E.I, Co.'s
1745 : entered
HARVEY, SIR GEORGE FREDERIC
(1809-1884)
military service at Bombay in 1764 in :
the expeditions against the pirates on the I.C.S. son of Sir John Harvey, K.C.B.
: :
Malabar coast, 1765 A.D.C. to the : educated at Haileybiury, 1825-7 joined :
Governor of Bombay, 1770 in 1778 he : the Civil Service in the N.W.P., 1827 :
was in the Army sent by the Bombay Commissioner of Agra in the mutiny
Government to the Konkan, which re- with the Bhartpur troops tried to keep
open the communications with Delhi, allowed the banking house of W. Palmer
May to July, in the Mathura and Gurgaon & Co., at Hyderabad, to lend 60 lakhs
districts, until the Contingent m,utinied : to the Nizam, an act which the Court of
retired, 1863 K.C.S.I. died Nov. 4, : : Directors disallowed Hastings resigned :
1884. in 1821 but was not relieved until 1823

:
:
Governor and C. in C. of Malta, 1824

HARVEY, ROBERT (1842-1901) the Court of Proprietors of the E. I. Co.
:
Maj -General son of Alexander Har- : agreed to an amendment adverse to his

vey : educated at Aberdeen and Glasgow action in the case of Palmer & Co. died :
Universities M.D. Aberdeen and LL.D. : : off Naples, on Nov. 28, 1826 his statue :
entered the Bengal Medical Service, 1865 : by Chantrey was erected in Calcutta by
Surg-Major, 1877 in the Bhutan expedi- : the British residents there. He wrote,
tion, 1864-6 in Lushai expedition, : 1824, a summary of his Indian adminis-
1871-2 Professor of Midwifery at the
: tration, which is remembered for its
Medical College Hospital, Calcutta, 1880 : length, for his victorious wars, and exten-
officiating Principal, 1882 P.M.O. in : sion of British territory, as well as for his
both Miranzai expeditions in the Hazara : personal ability, both in his civil and
Field Force, 1891 Isazai expedition, : military capacities.
1872 Inspr-General of Civil Hospitals,
:
Bengal, 1894 P.M.O. to the Panjab :

HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)
forces, 1895 Director-General, I. M.S., :
Governor-General born Dec. 6, 1732 :

1898 Fellow of the Calcutta University
: :
:
son of Pynaston Hastings educated at

President of the first Indian Medical Con-
:
gress wrote constantly in medical Jour-

:
Newington Butts and Westminster
nals C.B. D.S.O.
: died Dec. i, 1901.
: :
first King's Scholar, 1747 went to Cal- :
cutta in civil employ of the E. I. Co. 1750 :
to Kasimbazar in 1753 Member of

HASTINGS, FRANCIS RAWDON,
:
Council there imprisoned at Murshidabad,

FIRST MARQUIS OF
:
1756, joined the British refugees from

(1754-1826)
Calcutta at Falta Resident at Murshi-
:
Governor-General born Dec. 9, 1754 : =

dabad, 1757-60, corresponding with Clive,
Moira educated
eldest son of first Earl of :
the Governor of Calcutta had difficulties :
at Harrow and University College, Oxford :

with Raja Nuncomar {q.v.) Member of :
entered the Army, 1771, and the 5th Council in Calcutta, 1761 sent to Patna to :
foot, 1773 to America engaged at

: : negotiate about inland trade was struck :
Bunker's Hill, 1775 and in other battles :

in Council by a colleague to England, :
till 1781 Lt-Colonel, and Adjutant-

:
1764-9 sent to Madras as second in
:
General in America, 1778 captured by : Council there, i769,the Baron and Baroness
the French on his voyage to England, 1781: von Imhoff being fellow-passengers on his
made Baron Rawdon, 1783 opposed Fox's :
ship : Governor of Bengal from April 13,
India Bill, 1783 took the additional name :
1772 the whole revenue and judicial
:
of Hastings, 1790 succeeded as Earl of : administration was revised, and the con-
Moira, 1793 commanded reinforcements :
duct of superior native officials investi-
in Flanders Lt-General, 1798 C. in C.
: : gated Hastings sent troops, according
:
in Scotland General in 1803 Master of

: :
to an existing treaty, to assist the Nawab
the Ordnance, 1806 Constable of the : of Oudh against the Rohillas, who were
Tower of London K.G., 1812 Governor- : : defeated by the Regulating Act of i773»
:
General of India, and C. in C, Oct. 4, Hastings was appointed Governor-General,

1813, to Jan. 9, 1823 war against Nipal, : with four colleagues the new regime took :
1814-6 created Marquis of Hastings for

: effect from Oct. 20, i774 Francis, Claver- '
his success took command in the Pindari

: ing, Monson opposed him, Barwell siding
war of 1 8 17-8 made subsidiary treaties : with him Nuncomar accused Hastings
:
against them deposed the Peshwa, and : of corruption, Hastings charged Nuncomar
defeated the Mahrattas thus making : and others with conspiracy Nuncomar :
the British power supreme over all India : was himself arrested on a charge of forgery,
G.C.B. and G.C.H. acquired Singapore : tried, convicted and hanged on Aug. 5, i775-
and entered into communications with Hastings sent George Boyle i,q.v.) on a
Slam granted £60,000 by the E. I. Co.
: : mission to the Teshu Lama of Tibet and, :
o
later, Samuel Turner (q.v.) to Tashilhunpo HATHAWAY, CHARLES (1817-1903}
in Tibet :originated the acquisition of
revenue by farming out the opium trade. Doctor born 1817
: educated at King :
Hastings' conditional resignation of his Edward's School at Sherborne studied :
office, accepted by the Court of Direectors, for his profession at St. Thomas's and
but annulled by the Supreme Court by :
Guy's hospitals entered the E. I. Co.'s
:
the deaths of Monson and Clavering, he medical service in 1843 the Satlaj : m
obtained predominance in Council :he campaign, 1 84 5-6 Civil Surgeon at Lahore
:
married the divorcee. Baroness Imhoff, was, in 1852, appointed Inspr-General of

in Aug. 1877 he frustrated the operations
: Prisons in the Panjab, in which he effected
of the Mahrattas and of Hyder Ali :on many reforms, largely reducing the
Aug. 17, 1780, he fought a duel with mortality was made Sanitary Com-
:
Francis {q-v.) and wounded him. By a missioner in 1862 and appointed Private
:
force under Sir Eyre Coote, he drove Secretary to Sir John Lawrence, then
Hyder Ali out of the Carnatic and made Governor-General of India, from 1864-
the treaty of Salbai on May 17, 1782, 6, when he retired died Aug. 29, 1903. :
with Sindia for the Mahrattas :
his demand on Chait Singh, Raja of

Benares, for a war contribution, being HAUG, MARTIN H. (1827-1876)
resisted, he went to Benares to levy it
had to flee to Chunar, but eventually Born Jan. 30, 1827, at Ostdorf in
succeeded, and deposed Chait Singh : the WUrtemburg son of a peasant
:
early :
Court of Proprietors approved his action :

showed an aptitude for languages
large sums of money were recovered by studied Oriental languages, at Stuttgart
the Nawab of Oudh from " the Oudh and Tiibingen, where he graduated
Begams " to meet Hastings' demands, and Phil.D. m 185 1, and at Gottingen was :
he has been much blamed for his share in admitted " Privat-docent," 1854, at Bonn :
the occurrence. He established the Cal- studied at Zend under Lassen, for 6 years,
cutta Madrasa and assisted in the found- under great privations became tempor- :
ation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal arily Secretary to Baron Bunsen in Heidel-
he embarked for England Feb. i, 1785 :
berg. In 1859 he was appointed Pro-
wrote his Review of the State of Bengal at fessor of Sanskrit at Poona stayed in :
sea. His impeachment, for maladmin- India till 1866 acquired great knowledge
:
istration, began in Feb, 1788, Burke and of Brahminisim, and of the ancient Zoro-
others being the managers, with the astrian religion collected in Gujarat,
:
assistance of Sir P. Francis Hastings was

: 1863-4, ancient MSS. Zend-Pahlavi and
acquitted on all the charges in April, 1795, Vedic documents, which the State Library
after a trial lasting 145 days the trial
: at Munich bought after his death returned :
cost him £70,000: the E. I. Co. gave him a to Europe on account of ill-health
grant of money. He received no honours. appointed Professor of Sanskrit and Com-
When he attended the House of Commons, parative Philology at the University of
in 1 813, the whole House rose and did him Munich, retaining this post till his death :
honoiu:. He was made Privy Councillor published Die fiinf Gathas, 1858, i860 ;
and D.C.L. of Oxford. He repurchased Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings
the family estate of Daylesford. He died and Religion of the Parsees, 1862-78 ;
Aug. 22, 1818. His great public services an edition, with translation, of the Aitareya
are admitted his character
: and the Brahmana, 1863, and a Zend-Pahlavi
means he employed have been keenly glossary, 1868. His Pahlavi - Pazand
criticised, and will probably be always glossary, brought out in conjunction
discussed, but later writings have done with a Parsi scholar, 1870, the Book of
much to rem.ove the unfavourable im- Arda Viraf, and other lesser works, mark
pression which Mill and Macaulay created a distinct epoch in the study of Pahlavi :
against him. His motto, " Mens aequa translated part of the Vendidad and
in arduis," represents the tranquil forti- published other works on the Zendavesta :
tude with which he met the difficulties besides treatises on Brahma and the Brah-
of his troubled career. His statue is in mans, and on the nature and value of the
Calcutta. Vedic accent in Sanskrit died at Ragatz, :
June 3, 1876.
HAUGHTON,SIR GRAVES CHAMPNEY iq.v.): entered the Army, 1862, and retired
(1788-1849) as Captain in 1877 held various Colonial
:
Son of Dr. John Haughton born 1788 : :

appointments, including those of Governor
went to India in the E. I. Co.'s Bengal of the West African Settlements, Governor
Army in 1808
attained great proficiency
:
of Trinidad, Governor of Natal became :
in Oriental languages by study at Baraset Governor of Cejdon, 1890-5 Governor of :
and at the College of Fort William in :

Madras, 1895-1900 described as " a
:
1 81 5 he returned to England from ill- most vigilant and patriotic champion of

health was appointed Assistant Oriental
:
Madras interests " Governor of Tasmania,
:
Professor at Haileybury, and became 1901-4 : G.C.M.G., 1895 : G.C.I.E., 1896 :
Professor of Sanskrit and Bengah, 1819- G.C.S.I., 1901.

27 published Bengali works, and in 1825
:
an edition of the Sanskrit text of Manu :

HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY (1795-1857)
M.A. at Oxford F.R.S. was one of the
: : Maj-General born April 5, 1795
: :
originators of the Royal Asiatic Society educated at Swanscombe and the Charter-
and its Honorary Secretary, 183 1-2 house entered at the Middle Temple for
:
Member of foreign Asiatic Societies the bar, but in 181 5 went into the Army,
made in 1833 a Knight of the Guelphic studied military works diligently to :
Order in: 1833 he brought out a Calcutta in Jan. 1823, with the 13th
Bengali and Sanskrit dictionary, explained Light Infantry in 1824 he was nominated
:
in English. He latterly occupied himself D.A.A.G. of the Burma expedition, and,

with science and metaphysics wrote, :
with an interval of sick leave, served until
1833, an Inquiry into the Nature of Cholera the conclusion of the war in 1827 he was :
and the Means of Cure died of cholera at : made Adjutant of the Depot at Chinsura
St. Cloud on Aug. 28, 1849. in 1828 published his Campaigns tn Ava,
and in 1829 married a daughter of Dr.
HAUGHTON, JOHN COLPOYS (1817- Marshman, the Serampur Missionary, and
1887) joined the Baptist community. He was
Born Nov, 25, 1817 son of Richard :
deeply religious all his life. Captain in
Haughton, nephew of Sir G. C. Haughton 1838. In that year he was appointed to
(q.v.) :educated at Shrewsbury volun- :
the Staff of Sir Willoughby Cotton in the
teered for the sea, 1830 was a Midship- :
Kabul expedition through Kandahar and
man, 1832-5, then invalided entered :
Ghazni. After the capture of Kabul, he
the E. I. Co.'s Bengal Native Infantry in returned to Serampur to complete a
1837 in the Afghan war of 1839-42 was
:
narrative of the expedition. It attracted
Adjutant of the 4th Gurkhas in Shah no attention. In 1841 he returned to
Shuja's force made a gallant defence, in
:
Kabul as Persian Interpreter to General
command, of Charikar, a town 40 m. from Elphinstone (^.i'.),then in command. In
Kabul, Nov. 5-14, 1841, when besieged Oct. 1841, he joined Sir R. Sale's brigade
by 20,000 Afghans severely wounded, :
returning to Jalalabad, was in the " illu-
lost a hand reached Kabul on Nov. 16
:
trious garrision " during its seige and at
:
in captivity in Afghanistan, Jan. to Sep. the defeat of Akbar Khan in April, 1842 :
1842 served in native infantry at Moul-

:
at Maharajpur in 1843, and in the Satlaj
raain, the Andamans, in Assam, in the campaign of 1845-6 under Sir Hugh
Khasia-Jaintia expedition, 1862-3, in the Gough in 1854, Quarter-Master-General,
:
Bhutan expedition, 1864-5 in the Garo =

and, in 1855, Adjutant-General. He
expedition, 1872-3 Commissioner of :
commanded a Division in the Persian war
Cooch-Behar and Manager of the State, of 1856-7, and was present at Muhamra.
1865-73 C.S.I., 1866
: left India, 1873 : :
On his way from Bombay to Calcutta he
Lt-General, 1882 died Sep. 17, 1887 : :
was wrecked off Ceylon. From Calcutta
wrote an account of the occurrences at in June, 1857, he hurried to Allahabad, and
Charikar. in command of the movable column
fought several actions, occupying Cawn-
HAVELOCK, SIR ARTHUR ELIBANK pur after defeating the Nana Sahib on
(1844- July 16, 1857 fought more engagements,
:
)
and after three failures relieved Lucknow in
Born 1844: son of Lt-Colonel W. Have- Sep. 1857, Sir James Outram accompany-
lock,K.H. nephew of Sir H. Havelock
:
ing his force. Compelled to remain
ig6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
inactive in Lucknow until Sir Colin Camp- Ali Masjid, Dec. 30, 1897 : he wrote on
bell arrived in Nov. he fell ill and died at : military subjects.
the Dilkusha on Nov. 24, 1857, before his
Baronetcy and pension reached him. HAVILLAND, THOMAS FIOTT DE
They were both granted to his son, and an (1775-1866)
annuity to his widow. His statue is in
Colonel son of Sir Peter de Havilland,
:
Trafalgar Square.
Kt. : born April 10, 1775 entered the :
HAVELOCK, WILLIAM (1793-1848)

Madras Engineers, 1793 at the siege of :
Pondicherry, i793 the capture of Ceylon, :
Eldest son of William Havelock, and 1795-6: served against Tippoo, 1799, and,
brother of Sir Henry Havelock (q.v.) :
under Baird in Egypt, 1801 there sur- :
born Jan. 23, 1793 educated at Charter- :

veyed Lake Mareotis, and the Cairo-Suez
house, and privately joined the 43rd :
desert for water captured by the French :
regt. in 18 10 served with it in the Penin-

:
when returning to India, 1803 Superin- :
sula, as A.D.C. to Count Alten, and at tending Engineer at Seringapatam, 1804 :
Waterloo showed gallantry in action at

:
Chief Engineer and Architect for Madras,
the second combat of Vera in Oct. 1813 :
1814-25 built the Madras Cathedral
:
called by the Spaniards ' the fair boy ' :

and Presbyterian Church also, by 1822, :
went to India with the 4th Dragoons :

the sea-wall carried out other important
:
A.D.C. to Sir C. Colville, when C. in C. at works: after retirement, in 1825, became,

Bombay Military Secretary to Lord
:
until 1855, a Jurat of the Royal Court of
Elphinstone, when Governor of Madras :
Guernsey died Feb. 23, 1866.
:
commanded the 14th Light Dragoons,

imder Lord Gough in the second Sikh :
HAY, REV. JOHN, D.D. (1812-1891)
war killed in a charge at Ramnagar on
:
Born April son of Patrick23, 1812 :
Nov. 22, 1848.

Hay of near Aberdeen educated at :
HAVELOCK-ALLAN, SIR HENRY Aberdeen University M.A., 1833 in : :
MARSHMAN, BARONET (1830- 1839 joined the Madras Mission of the

1897) L.M.S. :and the staff of the British and
Foreign Bible Society about 1883 D.D. :
Eldest son of Sir H. Havelock (q.v.) :

of an American University about 1881 :
born at Chinsura, Aug. 6, 1830 educated

Fellow, Madras University, 1888-9 made
:
:
at St. John's Wood, London joined the :

benefactions to the native community,
39th regt. in 1846 went out to India, :
wrote religious works and
Vizagapatam :
1848 :suffered from sunstroke and felt it

articles in missionary periodicals for :
all his life in the Persian war, 1857

: :
about 20 years took a leading part in the
at Muhamra was A.D.C. to his father when
:
revision of the Telugu translation of the

commanding the relief column at Cawnpur:
Bible.
in several actions: won the V.C. at Cawnpur:
July 16, 1857, leading the 64th regt.
against severe fire D.A.A.G. to the force
:
HAYES, SIR JOHN (1767-1831)
from Cawnpur to the relief of Lucknow, Commodore, Indian Navy : constantly
Sep. 1857 recommended by Outram for
: engaged in active service as Midshipman
the V.C. wounded : received a Baronetcy : and Lieutenant in the Indian and Eastern
in Jan. 1858, for the services of his father seas from 1782 attached to the land :
(died Nov. 24, 1857) D.A.A.G. to Brig- : forces in thewar against Tippoo, 1 790-1 :
General Franks {q.v.), at the siege of commanded two vessels on a voyage of

Lucknow further engaged against the
: discovery in the Eastern Archipelago and
rebels, and in the Oudh campaign Brevet- : to Australia in 1797 on a mission to the
:
Major and Lt-Colonel in the Maori war : Hakim of Somniana fought an action :
1863-4 C.B., 1866 A.Q.M.G. in Canada,

: : with pirates at the Gulf of Cutch, severely
1867-9 M.P. for Sunderland, 1874-81,
: wounded in 1800 took Vengorla from
:
and for a Division of Durham county, pirates performed more varied service at
:
1885-92, and in 1895 added the name : the Moluccas, at Ternate, in the Celebes,
of Allan to his own, 1880 Lt-General, : at Sumatra became, 1807, Deputy, and,
1881 :K.C.B., 1897 went to India to see : 1809, Master Attendant at Calcutta in :
the frontier fighting and troops in Afghanis- the expedition to Java in 1811 as Com-
tan in 1897 shot by the Khyberis near : modore : commanded the armed flotilla
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY it)7
in the first Burmese war : died at the released at the treaty of Segowlie. He
Cocos Island, July 3, 1831. helped to quell an insurrection at Bareli
in 1 816, and was at the siege of Bhartpur
HAYES, CAPTAIN M. HORACE died at his house at Kareli, near Budaon,
:
( ? -1904)
Aug. 5, 1840.
F.R.C.V.S served in the R.A., Bengal
:
Staff Corps and the Buffs author of many :

HEARSEY, SIR JOHN RENNET
books on Horses and Horsemanship, (1793-1865)
including Indian Racing Reminiscences, Lt-General son of Lt-Colonel Andrew
:
Veterinary Notes for Horse-owners, 1884; Wilson Hearsey born at Midnapur, 1793: :
Practical Horsemanship, 1891 A Guide to Cornet in the 6th Bengal Cavalry

;
served :
Training and Horse Management in India, in Bundelkund, Rewa and the Pindari
1896 Illustrated
; Horse-breaking, 1896 ; war : distinguished himself at Sitabaldi,
Riding and Hunting, 1901 Horses on ; Nagpur, and battles in the Mahratta war :
Board Ship, 1902 died Aug. 1904. :

at Bhartpur, Deeg, Chilianwala and
Gujarat suppressed mutiny in a native
:
KAYTHORNE, SIR EDMUND , regiment at Wazirabad, 1849 C.B in 1857 : :
(1818-1888) was in command of the Division at Bar-

Son of John Haythorne born 181 8 : :
rackpur, when
the native troops showed
educated at Sandhurst entered the Army :
disaffection,which he reported to Govern-
1837 : served in the 98th in China, 184T- ment showed personal bravery on the
:
3 : A.D.C. to Sir Colin Campbell in the occasion of the outbreak of Mangal Pandi,
Panjab campaign, 1848-9, at all the March 29, 1857 disbanded the 19th N.I.
: :
battles at the forcing of the Kohat Pass

:
and gained credit for his conduct through-
by Sir C. Napier, 1850: in the.Mohmand out the mutiny K.C.B commanded : :
expedition, 1851 in the Crimea Chief : :

the 6th Bengal Light Cavalry, and, later,
of the Staff in China, 1859-60 Adjutant- :
the 2ist Hussars died at Boulogne, :
General in Bengal, 1860-5 K.C.B., 1873 = :

Oct. 23, 1865.
General, 1879 died Oct. 18, 1888. :
HEAVISIDE, REV. JAMES WILLIAM

HAYWARD, GEORGE W. ( ? -1870) LUCAS (1808-1897)
Traveller envoy of the Geographical
: Educated at Trinity and Sidney Sussex
Society went to Yasin in 1869, when the
: College, Cambridge B.A., 1830 2nd : :
Yasin chief, Mir Wall, enlisted his support Wrangler, Smith's Prizeman and Fellow :
against the Maharaja of Kashmir went : Professor of Mathematics at Haileybury,

again to Yasin, on his way to the Pamir 1838-58 Canon of Norwich, i860
: :
steppe Mir Wall had him killed, perhaps

: died March 5, 1897.
through anger, fear, or cupidity, the
Governor of Chitral, Amin-ul-Mulk, being HEBER, RIGHT REV. REGINALD
implicated, in July, 1870. () 78:5-1826)
Bishop of Calcutta born April 21,

HEARSEY, HYDER YOUNG
:
(1782-3
1783 son of Rev. Reginald Heber
:
-1840)
educated at Whitchurch and privately :
Major son : of Captain Harry Thomas at Brasenose College, Oxford wrote the :
Hearsey by a J at lady: born Dec. 1782 Carmen Saeculare, 1800 gained the :
"
or 1783 : was sent to England for his English verse prize for his " Palestine
education : entered Sindia's service under in 1803 and the English Essay Prize in
:
Perron, and served under afterwards 1805 Fellow of All Souls' College in 1805.
:
George Thomas {q.v.), the adventurer, After a tour of nearly two years in Europe,
being with him when he surrendered he was ordained, 1807 held the living of :
Georgeghar to Bourguien, Sindia's general. Hodnet from that year Prebendary of :
In 1804 he joined Lord' Lake and fought St. Asaph, 1812 was appointed Bishop :
at Deeg. He explored the sources of the of Calcutta, 1822, which he accepted

Jamna and Ganges and visited Chinese with much hesitation completed Bishop's :
Tartary to the Mansarowar Lake. In College, Calcutta travelled continually, :
1 8 15 he fought against the Gurkhas, was performing his episcopal duties, through
taken prisoner by the Nipalese, and the whole of India, and in Cevlon, as shown
by his lourney through India, from Calcutta one of his principal aims was the promotion
to Bombay, with Notes upon Ceylon, and a of mission work in India he died May i, :
Journey to Madras and the Southern 1867.

Provinces he died in a swimming-bath
:
at Trichinopoly on April 3, 1826, from the HENDERSON, PHILIP DURHAM

bursting of a blood-vessel. His hymns, (1840- )
57 in all, were published in the Christian Maj-General born Aug. 19, 1840:
Observer from 1811 his poetical works :

son of General R. Henderson, R.E. :
in 1 812 Bampton Lectures, Life of

: his educated privately joined Madras :
Jeremy Taylor, and volumes of sermons Cavalry, 1857 Under Secretary to the
:
were also published. A kneeling statue Foreign Department of the Government

of Heber is in St. Paul's Cathedral, Cal- of India, 1872 on special duty in Kashmir,
:
cutta : other monuments were erected to 1874 Superintendent of operations for

:
his memory in India. suppression of Thagi and Dakaiti, 1878 :
Resident in Mysore, 1892 left India, :
HENCKELL, TILMAN ( ? - ? ) 1S95 C.S.I.

: 1876, for his services in
,
Notable as a great local administrator in attendance on H.R.H. the Prince of

India in the latter part of the i8th century :
Wales on his visit to India, 1875-6.
specially connected with the district of
Jessore, in Bengal was appointed Judge :
HENDLEY, THOMAS HOLBEIN
and Magistrate of Jessore in 1781, with (1847 - )
Mr. Richard Roche as his assistant. Educated privately and at St. Bartho-
A man of great ability, who made the lomew's Hospital joined the Indian :
real good
of the natives of his district his Medical Service was employed for 27 :
chief aim, not, like most others, consider- years under the Foreign Department in
ing only the commercial interests of the India, as Residency Surgeon in the Jaipur
Company carried out many reforms in
: States Inspr-General of Hospitals, Ben-
:
Jessore remodelled the police force

: : gal, 1 898-1903 retired, 1903 Chairman
: :
defended the people against the oppres- Executive Committee, Jaipur Exhi-
sion of subordinate officers the first : bition, 1883 CLE., 1891. Author of
:
to develop the Sundarbans, and to several works on Indian Art, Rulers of

originate the plan for reclaiming them by India and Chiefs of Rajputana, 1897
granting plots of land to persons under- Medico-Topographical Histories of Jaipur
taking to bring them under cultivation. and Rajputana, etc.
About 1782 or 1783 he established three
" ganjes " in places where clearings had HENLEY, SAMUEL (1740-1815)
been made in the jungle one was named :
A clergyman and professor in America
after him Henckellganj — made Collector :
before the Independence came to Eng- :
of Jessore in 1786 helped to bring about

:
land :was a teacher at Harrow School,
the " Permanent Settlement " of Bengal then a curate Rector of Rendlesham :
by the information he was able to give to in Suffolk was made the first
: in 1805
Cornwallis when making inquiry into Principal of the East India College at
the land revenue of the Presidency Hertford, and at Hertford Heath, and
when the Settlement was made, 1789, D.D. resigned his appointment, Jan. 1815
: :
Henckell had left Jessore to become Collec- wrote poems paid much attention to
:
tor, Judge, and Magistrate of Rajshahi

literary matters was author of theological, :
;
was succeeded by Richard Roche the :

classical and archaeological treatises : I
rule of these two men covers the period F.S.A. : died Dec. 29, 181 5. '
1781-93, when Lord Cornwallis' reforms

were completed. HENNESSY, SIR GEORGE ROBERT-
SON (1837-1905)
HENDERSON, JOHN (1780-1867)
Born April 22, 1837 son of Maj- :
Born 1780 son of Robert Henderson

: : General John Hennessy, Bengal Army :
was a drysalter in Glasgow and an East entered the 34th Bengal N.l. 1854: served
India merchant in London. For many with 93rd Highlanders in the Indian
years he spent about ;;r3o,ooo annually mutiny present at Maharajganj, Alam-
:
on religious and charitable purposes bagh and [the relief of Lucknow by Sir
C. Campbell with 75th regt. under Outram

: Muhamraadans of India, comprising a full
at the Alambagh joined the Bengal Staff
: and exact account of the various rites and
Corps, 1861 : served with the 15th Sikhs, ceremonies, from the moment of birth till
1867-90 : in the Afghan war, 187S-80 : the hour of death, by Jaffur Shurreef,
Kandahar to Kabul and
in the march from (a Native of the Dekkan), was composed
battles of Ahmad Kheyl and Urzoo in : under the direction of Herklots and
the march from Kabul to Kandahar and translated by him published in 1832 :
battle of Kandahar commanded 15th : a second edition issued at Madras, 1863.

Sikhs at Suakin, 1885 : in several engage-
ments C.B.,
: 1885: left India, 1890: HERTZ, HENRY FELIX (1863- )
Ma j -General, 1894 : on unemployed Born May 14, 1863 son : of A. W. T.

supernumerary list, 1891 K.C.B., 1903 : :
Hertz :educated at St. Xavier's College,
Colonel of 15 th Sikhs, May, 1904 died :
Calcutta passed the Higher Standard
:
July 26, 1905. in Burmese, Shan and Kachin languages :
took active part in the operations round

HENRY, EDWARD RICHARD Mandalay, 1886-7, and Shan States,
(1850- )
1887-90, and in operations in Kachin
I.C.S. : 1850: entered
born July 26, Hills, 1 890-1900 author of A Practical:
the Indian Civil Service in Lower Bengal Hand-book of the Kachin Language :
in 1873 Private Secretary to the Lieuten-

: CLE., 1900.
ant-Governor of Bengal, the Hon. Sir A.
Eden Inspr-General of Police,Bengal,
{q.v.): HESSING, JOHN (I740-I803)
1891-1900 C.S.I. 1898 resigned, 1901 , : :
:
Colonel born in Holland, 1740
: went :
Assistant Commissioner of the MetropoH-

to India, 1764 after employment at other
:
tan Police, Loudon, 190 1-3 Commissioner

Native Courts, entered the service of De
:
thereof, since 1903 adapted the system :

Boigne (q.v.), and was engaged in his
of taking the finger and thumb impressions
battles, but left him after a quarrel
of criminals for the purpose of establish-
accompanied Madhava Sindia {q-v.) to
ing their identity and proving previous
Poona, 1792 was made Commandant of
:
convictions.
the Agra Fort, 1800, where (Lord) Metcalfe
iq.v.) met him a brave and intrepid
HENRY, GEORGE (1846- )
:
officer died July 21, 1803

: his mausoleum :
Born Aug. 23, 1846 educated at Wool- :

is at Agra.
wich entered the R.E., 1868
: and :
became Maj -General, 1901 served in the :

HEWETT, SIR GEORGE, BARONET
Afghan war, 1878-80 Burmese expedition, : (1750-1840)
1885 Chin-Lushai expedition, 1889-90 :
:
Born June 11, 1750: son of Major
commanding R.E. Brevet-Lt-Colonel : :
Schuckbmrgh Hewett educated at Wim- :
Q.M.G. India C.B., 1903. :

borne and the R.M.A., Woolwich entered :
the 70th regt., 1762 served in the W.

HERBERT, WILLIAM (1718-1795) :
Indies ten years, and in N. America, at

Born Nov.
29, 1718 educated at :
Charleston, again in the W. Indies Adju- :
Hitchin in 1748 went out to India as a

:
tant-General in Ireland to i799 head of -
purser's clerk : made a long journey in the Recruiting Department Inspr-General :
the country there drew plans of settle- :

of the Army of Reserve was C. in C. in :
ments for the E. I. Co published, in 1758, :

India, Oct. 1807, to Dec. 1811 had to :
A New Directory for the East Indies, deal with the case of the Madras officers
dedicated to the E. I. Co, styling himself and the expeditions to Mauritius and
hydrographer. From being a chart
Java: commanded in Ireland, 181 3-16 :
engraver, he became a dealer in books, and Baronet, 1818 G.C.B. General : : : 40
brought out Typographical Antiquities :
years Colonel of the 6ist regt. : died
died March 18, i795- March 21, 1840.
HERKLOTS, G.A. ( ? -after HEWETT, JOHN PRESCOTT

1832) (1854- )
Surgeon on the Madras Establishment : born Aug.

I.C.S. : 25, 1854 son of :
the Qanoon-e-Islam, or the customs of the Rev. John Hewett : educated at Win-
Chester and Balliol College, Oxford the R.E., 1879 served in the Afghan :
entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1877 : war, 1879-80 relief of Kandahar Suakin
: :
served in N.W.P. and Oudh, 1877-86, campaign, 1885 Gordon relief expedi- :
then in the Government Secretariat tion Burma campaign, 1885-7 capture

: :
acted as Private Secretary to the Viceroy, of Mandalay D.S.O., 1887 com- : :
1888, 1890, and was Secretary to the manded R.E. at Shorncliffe Lt-Colonel. :
Government of India, Home

Department,
1 894-1 902 Chief Commissioner of the
:
HICKY, JAMES AUGUSTUS
Central Provinces, 1902 C.I.E., 1891 : :
-
( ? ? )
C.S.I. 1899
, acting Member of the
:
Supreme Council, 1904 Member of it for :

Engaged in trade experienced very :
Commerce, 1905. heavy losses by sea, 1775-6, for which he

was delivered to his creditors and sent to
HEWETT, SIR WILLIAM NATHAN jail at Calcutta, Oct. 1776 on coming :
WRIGHTE (1834-1888) out he established Hicky's Bengal Ga-

zette, 1780 at first dull and vulgar, it
Born Aug. 12, 1834 son of Dr. W. :
:
Hewett entered the Navy, 1847

became full of personalities and scurrilous
: saw :
service in the Burmese war, 1851

attacks, often directed at Warren Hastings
in the :
and Sir E. Impey it never attacked

Crimea, where he won his V.C, and was :
Sir P. Francis its circulation through

promoted to be Lieutenant in China, :
:
the General Post Office was stopped in

and on the W. coast of Africa, during the
Ashanti war, 1873-4 Nov. 1780 in June, 1781, Hicky was
:
K.C.B. Naval = :
arrested and imprisoned under Impey's

C. in C. in the E. Indies, 1882 com- :
order at the suit of Hastings and fined

manded the naval forces engaged in the :
Egyptian war, 1882 the paper continued, and Hicky was again
at Suakin, 1884 : :
sent on a mission to Abyssinia fined and in 1782, after his imprisonment

:
K.C.S.I. : :
for 19 months, the types were seized and

Vice-Admiral, 1884 : commanded the
the paper ceased he is described as " a
Channel Fleet, 1886-8 : died May 13,
:
1888. worthless man, but as the pioneer of the

Indian Press " in Busteed's Echoes from
Old Calcutta.
HEXT, SIR JOHN (1842- )
Born Oct. 14, 1842 son of Rev. J. H. :
Hext entered the R.N., 1857

: served : HIDAYAT ALI, KHAN BAHADUR
in Ashanti war, 1878 Egyptian war, ; ( ? -1882)
1882 and Burma
: Capt., 1882 Director
: :
Attached at to Rattray's Sikhs first
of Royal Indian Marine, 1883-98 C.I.E., :
(45th N.I.) was at the sieges of Multan,
:
1889 K.C.I.E., 1897

: Rear-Admiral, :
1848-9, and at Ramnagar and Gujarat :
1887. in 1856, in Rattray's Police Battalion in :
the mutiny at Dinapur assisted the civil

HICKEY, THOMAS (1740P-1822)
authorities to arrest rebels gained the :
Portrait-painter
exhibited at the Royal
:
first class of the Order of British India,
Academy, 1772-92 went out to India, :
made Sirdar Bahadur at several engage- :
and said to have written The History of ments defeated the Shahabad rebels in
Painting and Sculpture from the Earliest 1858 gained the first class Order of
:
Accounts, published at Calcutta, 1788 :

Merit in the Sikhim expedition, 1861
: :
went also to China, with Lord Macartney's and helped with Rattray's police force to
embassy, 1792-4 painted historical
:
suppress disturbances at Sambalpur :
pictures at Seringapatam, 1799 between '•

with the police in 1862, helped to put down
1800 and 1822 at Madras and Calcutta, the rebellion in the Khasia and Jaintia
where many of his pictures are in Govern- hills assistant to the Political Officer in
:
ment House given a pension by the

:
the Bhutan expedition Commandant of :
Madras Government. the Cooch Behar troops in charge of :
the Coolie Corps in the Lushai expedition,

HICKSON, SAMUEL ARTHUR EINEM
(1858-
1871-2 Khan Bahadur A.D.C. to the
: :
)
C. in C. CLE. died at Dinapur, July 3,
: :
Born Sep. 6, 1858 son of : James 1882 : Lt-Colonel an officer of great :
Hickson : educated at Highgate : joined soldierly qualities and capacity.

DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 20]
HIGHAM, SIR THOMAS (1847- ) expedition, 1891 : commanded the Kuram

Born Dec. 1847 son of Samuel i8, :
movable column in the Tirah campaign,
Higham entered the Indian P.W.D.,
:
1897-8 was appointed Inspr-General of
:
served in the Irrigation Depart- Volunteers in India, August, 1901 Maj-

1867 :
:
ment Chief Engineer and Secretary to

:
General he laboured with zeal and en-
:
Government, Pan jab Irrigation branch, thusiasm to improve the utility of the
Inspr-General of Irrigation, India,
Volunteer force died in London, Sep. 7, :
1894 :
1903.
1896 Secretary to Government of India,
:
P.W.D., 1897 retired, 1902 C.I.E., : :
1896: K.C.I.E., 1902. HILLS, SIR JOHN (1834-1902)

Maj-General: son of James Hills of
HILL, HEADON (1857- )
Nischindipur, Bengal born 1834 edu- : :
(Nom de plume of F. Grainger) : son of cated at Edinburgh Academy and Univer-

Rev. J. Grainger : educated at Eton sity entered the Bombay Engineers,
:
after serving in the Army a few years in 1854 in the Persian war, 185 6-7 at the
: :
India and Egypt, he became a Journalist capture of Muhamra, in Abyssinia, 1867-8 :
in London began to write fiction, 1890

: : in Afghan war, 1879-80 at the defence :
author of Zamba the Detective, 1 894 The ; of Kandahar : C.B. : in the Burma war
Raja's Second Wife, 1894 Diversions of ; commanded R.E. headquarters re- at :
Kala Persad, 1895, and many other tired, 1890 K.C.B., 1900 died June 18,
: :
novels. 1902 F.R.S., Edinburgh.

:
HILL, MARY (1790-1847) HILLS-JOHNES, SIRfJAMES

Born March 1790 went to Calcutta 9, : (1833- )
with her husband, the Rev. Micaiah Hill, Born Aug.20, 1833 son of James Hills, :
of the London Missionary Society's Mission, indigo planter, of Nischindipur, in Bengal

1821-32 removed to Berhampur, 1824,
:
educated at Edinburgh Academy and Mili-
doing mission work there for 25 years, till tary College, and Addiscombe : entered
1847 the oldest female missionary in the
:
Bengal Artillery, 1853 served throughout :
country at the time of her death on a :

the Indian mutiny siege and storming of :
visit to England she originated the Wal- Delhi gained the V.C. on July 9
: at :
thamstow Institution for the Education capture of Lucknow dangerously wound- :
of Missionaries' daughters died Sep. 7, :

ed : Brevet-Major A.D.C. to Lord :
1847- Canning, 1859-62 Assistant- Resident, :
Nipal, 1862-3 served in the Abyssinian :
HILL, SIR WILLIAM (1805-1886) campaign, 1867-8, at the capture of Mag-

Son of the Hon. Daniel Hill, of Antigua :
dala: Brevet-Lt-Colonel: Lushai campaign,
born 1805 joined the Madras Army,
:
1 871-2 C.B. A.A.G. Kandahar Field
: :
1821 served in the first Burma expedi-

:
Force, 1878-80 accompanied Sir F. :
tion, 1824-5 at Rangoon, Kemendine,

:
Roberts to Kabul in 1879 battle of :
Donabew, etc. and in the second Burmese :

Charasia Military Governor of Kabul
:
war, 1852-3, at Pegu was offered the :

commanded a Division N. Afghanistan
command of the Gwalior Contingent :
Field Force, 1880 K.C.B., 1881 took : :
became Brig-General of the Hyderabad the additional name of Johnes, 1883 :
contingent, 1856 commanded the Ni- :

G.C.B., 1893 General. :
zam's contingent in the mutiny engaged :
against Tantia Topi Maj-General, 1861 : :

HIPPISLEY, SIR JOHN COXE,
retired, 1861 K.C.S.I., 1867 died Aug.
: :
BARONET (1748-1825)
20, 1886. Born 1748 son of William Hippisley
: :
educated at Hertford College, Oxford

HILL, WILLIAM (1846-1903)
called to the bar from the Inner Temple,
Entered the Indian Army in 1866 in : 1771 D.C.L., 1776
: employed by the :
the Lushai expedition of 1 871-2 in the : British Government in Italy the Direc- :
Afghan war, with the 2nd Gurkhas was : tors of the E.I. Co., on the recommendation
at Ali Masjid and Charasia in the march : of Lord North, appointed him paymaster
from Kabul to Kandahar, and at the of Tanjore in 1786, but he retvurned home
battle of Kandahar : in the Manipur in 1789, and did not revisit India : was
20: DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
M.P. for Sudbury for 23 years, and en- HISLOP, SIR THOMAS, BARONET
gaged in various matters of politics and (1764-1843)
public affairs Baronet in 1796: died :
Born July 5, 1764 son of Lt-Colonel :
May 3, 1825. William Hislop, R.A. educated at the :
R.M.A., Woolwich entered the 39th :
regt. in 1778 in the siege of Gibraltar,

HIRST, REV. WILLIAM
:
(? - 1769?)
;
1779-83 served in Corsica

: commanded :
Son William Hirst, D.D.

of educated : his regt. in the W. Indies, 1796 com- :
at Peterhouse, Cambridge F.R.S., i755 : : manded the captiured Dutch colonies for
was appointed a Navy chaplain present : six years Lt-Governor of Trinidad,
:
at the sieges of Pondicherry and Vellore : 1 803-1 1 at the capture of Guadeloupe,

:
in June, 1761, observed the transit of 1810 appointed C. in C, Bombay, 1812

: :
Venus at Madras was Chaplain at Cal-

: but was captured by an American ship
cutta, 1762-4 observed an earthquake
: and returned home C. in C. at Madras, :
and two eclipses reported on transit of

: 1814-20 Baronet K.C.B., 1814
: com- : :
Venus of June, 1769 went out to India, : manded the Army of the Dekkan in the
1769, as Chaplain to Vansittart and other Mahratta war, 18 17-8 defeated the :
Commissioners of the E.I. Co. all : Mahrattas Holkar at Mahidpur,

under
drowned at sea after passing the Cape Dec. 21, 18 17 was blamed for his severity
:
outwards in Dec. 1769. in executing the Mahratta Governor of

the fort at Talner the booty acquired :
by the Dekkan Army was, after litigation,

HIRST, W. A. (1870-
shared by the Army of Upper India
Born 1870 son of Alfred Hirst edu-
: :
G.C.B., 1818 : died May 3, 1843.
cated at Clifton and Worcester College,
Oxford joined the Indian Educational
: HOBART, VERE HENRY, BARON
Department, 1894 Professor of History, : (1818-1875)
Lahore College, 1895-6 First Professor, :
Governor son of the Hon. and Rev.
:
Meerut College, 1896-1902 Principal of :

Augustus Edward Hobart, sixth Earl of
Gujarat College, Ahmedabad, 1902 :
Buckinghamshire born Dec. 8, 1818 : :
author of Survey of Ethics, 1902. educated at Cheam, Surrey Trinity ;
College, Oxford (Scholar) was a clerk in :
HISLOP, STEPHEN (1817 1863) the Board of Trade, 1840-61 went to :
Brazil as Secretary to a diplomatic mis-

Born Sep. 8, 1817 son of Stephen : sion :Private Secretary to the Secretary
Hislop, a mason educated at Duns, : of State for the Colonies, and at the Home
Edinburgh University, Glasgow, and in Office sent to investigate the condition
:
divinity under Chalmers at Edinburgh : of the Turkish finances, and became

joined the Free Church of Scotland, 1843 : Director-General of the Ottoman Bank :
went out to India in 1844 as a missionary was Governor of Madras from May, 1872,
of the Free Church to Bombay stationed : until his death from typhoid at Madras on
at Sitabaldi, near Nagpur, in the Central April 27, 1873. He promoted education,
Provinces and opened a school at
: and the demand for a harbour and better
Nagpur through a warning from a
: drainage he wrote on political ques-
:
native friend, he was able to save the tions a collection of his Essays and
:
lives of the Europeans there in the mutiny Miscellaneous Writings was brought out
of 1857. He was drowned in trying to by his widow.
cross a swollen river, while on tour with
the Chief Commissioner, Sir R. Temple, HOBHOUSE, ARTHUR, FIRST BARON
Sep. 4, 1863 he had much ability, not
:
(1819-1904)
only for his own work, but also in lan- Born Nov. 10, 1819 son of Right Hon. :
guages, philology, antiquarian research, Henry Hobhouse educated at Eton and :
geology, natural history, botany, zoology, Balliol College, Oxford : ist class Classics,
entomology, and conchology. Sir R. 1840 : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn,
Temple edited his Papers relatingJô the 1845 : Q.C., 1862 : Charity Commis-
Aboriginal Tribes of the Central Provinces, sioner, 1866 Endowed Schools Com-
—
:
the Gonds, and others. missioner, 1869 : Legal Member of the

Supreme Council in India, 1872-7 He kept Nipal quiet during the first Afghan
K.C.S.I., 1877 Member of Judicial Com-
: war, but Lord Ellenborough hastily re-
mittee of Privy Council, 1881-1901 : moved him from Nipal, whereupon he
Member of the London School Board, resigned the service. While in Nipal,
1882-4 Alderman of the London County
'• Hodgson studied its literature, religion
Council, 18-89-92 made a Peer, 1885 : : and language, discovering the literature
CLE. died Dec. 6, 1904 : some of his
:
of Northern Buddhism, collecting original
addresses have been printed under the MSS., Tibetan and Sanskrit, which he
title of The Dead Hand. distributed to libraries gathering together
:
encyclopaedic information on Nipal he :
also worked at ethnology, zoology, geo-

HOCKLEY, WILLIAM BROWNE graphy. He returned to India in 1844-5
(1792-1860)
and lived at Darjeeling, to continue his
Born Nov. 1792 went to Hailey-
9, : researches in ethnology, and his collec-
bury, Jan. 1812 to Bombay, May, 1813 : : tions :also advocated some useful practi-
dismissed from his judgeship, Sep. 1821 : cal measures, such as the enlistment of
tried in Bombay, 1823, and acquitted Gurkhas, hill stations for Europeans, nor-
finally dismissed with a pension of £150 mal colleges finally left India in 1858 :
:
a year, 1824 disappeared from view, and

: became F.R.S. in 1877 D.C.L. in 1889 : :
died Aug. 22, i860 wrote Pandurang : an honorary member of many learned
Hari (to which Sir Bartle Frere wrote an Societies received many honours by his
:
introduction) also the Tales of a Zenana,

: literary attainments universally praised
:
published in 1827, with a new edition, by competent judges died in London,

:
1874, with an introductory Preface by May 23, 1894. He wrote a number of

Lord Stanley of Alderley described as : works and papers : among them Illustra-
a " writer of genius." and Religion of the
tions of the Literature
Buddhists, Essays on the Languages,
HODGES, WILLIAM (1744-1797) Literature, and Religion of Nipal and
Tibet, etc. A borigines of India : Miscellane-
:
Born in 1744 : son of a smith : learnt to
ous Essays relating to Indian Subjects :
draw exhibited at the Society of Artists
: :
described by Burnouf {q.v.) as the founder

became a draughtsman on Captain Cook's
of the true study of Buddhism.
second expedition, 1772-5 exhibited at :
the Royal Academy went to India, :

HODGSON, JOHN STUDHOLME
1778-84, under the patronage of Warren (1805-1870)
Hastings in 1785 he published in London,
:
A Comparative View of the Ancient Monu- Son of born May,

John Hodgson :
ments in India : and in 1793 his Travels 1805 : educated at the R.M.A., Wool-
in India during the years 1780-83, illus-
wich :emtered the Bengal N.I. in 1822 :
in the first Sikh war, 1845-6, was at

trated from his own pictures he had :
Sobraon :raised the first Sikh regt.

become R.A. in 1789 paid a visit to St. :
enrolled in the British service com- :

Petersburg in 1790 retired from his :
profession of painting before 1795 21 of :

manded it in the second Sikh war, 1848-9 :
took Ukrot organized the

: Panjab
his pictures, the property of A. Cleveland
{q.v.), sold in Calcutta in 1794 he died :
Irregular Force commanded the Derajat
:
March i797-
frontier, and
in operations against the hill
6,
tribes : held the command at Peshawar
after Sir Colin Campbell Maj -General, :
HODGSON, BRIAN HOUGHTON 1861 : died in 1870.

(1800-1894)
I.C.S. born Feb. i, 1800
: son of :
HODSON, WILLIAM STEPHEN
Brian Hodgson, a banker educated at :
RAIKES (1821-1858)
Macclesfield, Richmond, andHaileybiury : Son of the Rev. George Hodson : born
went to India, i8i8 after passing^through : March 19, 1821educated at Rugby and
:
the College of Fort William, Calcutta, he Trinity College, Cambridge B.A., 1844 : :
was Assistant Commissioner in Kumaon entered the E. 1. Co.'s service, 1845 was, :
for 2 years, 1818-20 Assistant Resident : in the second Grenadiers, present at the
at Katmandu, in Nipal, 1820-9, acting battles of Mudki, Firozshahr, Sobraon :
Resident, 1829-31, Resident, 1833-44. Adjutant of the Guides in 1847 Assistant :

Commissioner in the Pan jab after its command of a 2nd Class District, 1885-90 :
annexation in 1849 commanded the : C.B., 1886.

Guides Corps, 1852 was removed from :
his appointment on charges of dishonesty, HOGG, SIR FREDERICK RUSSELL

etc., from which he was exonerated on (1836- )
second inquiry in the mutiny he was

:
born 1836
I.C.S. son of Sir James
: :
given a commission to raise the irregular

"
Weir Hogg, Bart. educated at Eton and :
cavalry named Hodson's Horse " was :

Haileybury entered the Indian Civil
:
at the siege of Delhi after its capture, he

:
Service, 1857, and retired, 1889 Post- :
seized the King of Delhi at Humayun's master-General, Panjab, 1863 Bombay, ;
tomb and, on Sep. 22, arrested the princes,

:
1867 Bengal, 1868 Director-General of :
;
whom he shot when their rescue by the the Post Office of India, 1880 C.S.I. :
native mob appeared imminent was further :

1888 K.C.I.E., 1888.
:
engaged near Cawnpur was killed at :
the siege and capture of Lucknow, March

HOGG, SIR JAMES WEIR, BARONET
12,1858. His character and actions have
(1790-1876)
been the subject of controversy. The
testimony to his brilliant qualities of Son William Hogg
of born Sep. 7, :
bravery, energy, coolness, is universal. 1790 educated at Belfast and Trinity

:
Lord Napier of Magdala, who, as a con- College, Dublin (Scholar) entered at :
temporary and present, must have known Gray's Inn, London said to have been :
all the circumstances, was always fully called to the Irish bar practised at the :
convinced of his honour and integrity. Calcutta bar, 1814-22 Registrar of the :
Supreme Court, Calcutta, 1822-33, when

HOERNLE, AUGUSTUS RUDOLF he India with a large fortune
left M.P. :
FREDERIC (1841- ) for Beverley, 1835-47 for Honiton, 1847- ;
57 Director of the E. I. Co., 1839

Born Oct. 19, 1841 son of Rev. T. C. :
: :
Chairman in 1846 and 1852, representing,

Hoernle, C.M.S. educated at Stuttgart
:
practically, the E. I. Co., in Parliament

and Universities of Basel and Tubingen :
:
joined the C.M.S., 1865 Professor in Jay :

made a Baronet, 1846 refused the :
Governorship of Bombay in 1853 nomi- :

Narain's College, Benares, 1870 Principal :
nated, by the E.I. Co., one of the original

of the Cathedral Mission College, Calcutta,
joined the Indian Educational
members of the Council of India in Sep.
1877 :
Service, 1881 Principal of the Calcutta

:
: Privy Councillor : :
died May 27, 1876.

Madrasa, 1881-99 C.I.E., 1897 : author :
of Comparative Grammar of the N. Indian

Languages : editor of Chanda's Prakrit
HOGG, SIR STUART SAUNDERS
(1833-
Grammar, Report on the British Collection )
of Central Asian Antiquities, and numerous I.C.S. born at Calcutta, 1833

: son of :
contributions to the Journal of the Asiatic Sir James Weir Hogg, Bart. educated at :
Society of Bengal, the Indian Antiquary. Eton entered the Indian Civil Service,
:
etc. :editor of the Bower manuscript : 1853 served in Political Department,

:
studied archaeology, epigraphy, and paleo- N.W.P., and in the Panjab during the
graphy. mutiny attached to General John Nichol-
:
son's flying column transferred to Oudh, :
HOGG, ADAM GEORGE FORBES and then to Bengal Commissioner of :
(1836- ) Police and Chairman of the Calcutta

Municipality, 1863-77 knighted in 1875
Born June 18, 1836 : son of Colonel :
Charles Robert Hogg : educated at on the occasion of the visit of H.R.H. the
Leamington College and Wimbledon :
Prince of Wales to Calcutta.
Joined the Bombay Army, 1854 became :
Maj-General, 1890 Lt-General, 1893

: :
HOLDERNESS, THOMAS WILLIAM
(1849-
served in the Persian campaign, 1857 the :
)
Indian mutiny, 1858-9 China war, i860: : born June 11, 1849
I.C.S. : educated :
Abyssinian war, 1867-8 Brevet-Major : : at Cheltenham and University College,

Afghan war, 1878-9 Brevet-Colonel : Oxford entered the Indian Civil Service,
:
Q.M.G. of the Bombay Army, 1880-5 = 1872 Secretary to Government of India

:
Political Resident at Aden, and had in the Department of Revenue and

Agriculture, 1898-1901
1898 : C.S.I. , in 1853 wrote a masterly pamphlet, No/^s
Secretary at the India Office in the Depart- on Madras ludicial Admimstraiion : was
ment of Revenue, Statistics and Com- Secretary to the Commission of Inquiry
merce, 1 90 1. into the system of judicature in the Madras
Presidency Judge of Tellicherry, 1861
: :
HOLDICH, SIR EDWARD ALAN in 1863 made a High Court Judge, Mad-
(1822- )
ras: retired, 1877: died Aug. 11, 1893:
translated the first volume of Savigny's
General son of Rev. Thomas Holdich
: :
entered the Army,

System of Modern Roman Law : C.S.I.,
educated privately :
1875.
1841 :served in Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 :
at the battles of Mudki, Firozshahr, Aliwal HOLMES, SIR GEORGE (1764-1816)

and Sobraon Boer war, 1848, Bronplatz
: :
Kafir war, 1852 Burmese war, 1853 at : '

Ensign in the Bombay European Regt.,
1780 transferred to the loth N.I. in
Donabew Indian mutiny, 1857-8 com-
: :
: :
the Mahratta war, 1780-1 besieged at

manded Cork and Dublin districts, 1871- :
6: K.C.B., 1875 retired. :

Tellicherry, 1781-2, by Hyder All's
troops at the capture of Cannanore,
:
1783 in the Mysore war, 1791-2, and in

HOLDICH, SIR THOMAS HUNGER- Malabar
:
at Seringapatam, 1799 com-

FORD (1843- )
:
manded at the reduction of forts in

:
Born son of Rev.

Feb. 13, 1843 :
Canara, and the relief of Montana in :
Thomas Peach Holdich educated at :

Egypt under Baird, 1 801-2 at the siege :
Godolphin Grammai: School and Wool- of Baroda, 1802 in the Mahratta war, :
wich joined the Royal Engineers, 1862,

:
1803-5 commanded a subsidiary force
:
and became Brevet-Colonel, 1891 served :

in Gujarat some years to 181 5 retired as :
in the Bhutan expedition, 1865 Abys- :

Maj-General K.C.B., 1815 for nearly
: :
sinian war, 1867 Afghan war, 1878-80 : :

36 years a regimental officer died Oct. :
and Tirah expedition, 1897-8 on special :

29, 1816.
duty with the Afghan Boundary Com-
mission, 1884-6 Superintendent of Fron- :
HOLMES, JOHN (1808-1878)
tier Surveys, India, 1892-8 Pamir :
Maj-General entered the Army in :
Commission, 1895 Perso-Beluch Com- :

1825 in the Kolapur campaign, 1827
:
:
mission, 1896 Argentine-Chili Boundary,

:
in Upper Sind and Afghanistan, 1842 :
1902-3 C.B. and CLE., 1894

: K.C.I. E., :
with England's force in the return from
1897 K.C.M.G., 1902
: Gold Medallist, :
Kandahar, actions in the Pishin Valley,
Royal Geographical Society, 1887 author :
Kojak pass, and retreat to the Indus :
of The Indian Borderland, 1901, and volunteered for service in the Crimea in :
various papers on military surveying and the mutiny, in the Central India cam-
geographical subjects. paign, capture of Awa, assault of Kotah,
and pursuit of Tantia Topi C.B. Maj- : :
HOLLAND, TREVENEN JAMES General, 1862 died Nov. 19, 1878. :
(1836- )
Born 1836 J. Holland : son of Col. HOLWELL, JOHN ZEPHANIAH

(1711-1798)
educated at Cheltenham and St. John's
College, Oxford entered the Army, 1852 : : Governor son of Zcphaniah Holwell,
:
served in the Crimea A.Q.M.G. in Sir : timber nlerchant born Sep. 17. 1711 :
=
Henry Havelock's force in the Persian educated at Richmond, and Iselmond,

campaign and in the Indian mutiny and near Rotterdam studied surgery at :
China, 1857-60 D.Q.M.G. in Abyssinian : Guy's Hospital to Calcutta in 1732 as :
campaign, 1867-8 C.B. and Brevet- : surgeon's mate on an Indiaman em- :
Major and Lt-Colonel. ployed as surgeon in the Company's

ships to the Patna factory at the Dacca :
HOLLOW AY, WILLIAM (1828-1893) factory at Calcutta. 1736-48

:
alder- :
I.C.S. : son William Holloway

of man principal surgeon twice Mayor
:
:
:
born 1828 : educated at Haileybury, perpetual zamindar of the 24 Parganas in

1846-7 one of the most distinguished
: 175 1 Seventh in the Council when the
: :
pupils of Empson {q.v.): went to Madras in fort at Calcutta was attacked by the
1848 took great interest in Education
: ; Nawab Suraj-ud-daula on June 18, 1756.
and the Governor Drake and others re- a breaching battery : ordered to blow in
treated down the river on 19th, Holwell the Kashmir gate on Sep. 14, 1857 escaped :
was called on to take charge of the defence. being wounded gained the V.C. blew
: :
He was one of the 23 survivors of the 146 in the gate of the Palace was field :
persons in the Black Hole on the night of engineer to Greathed's column was at :
June 20-1 was sent to Murshidabad and

: Bulandshahr : killed by accident at the
kept in irons there set at liberty, July
: blowing up of the Malaghar fort, Oct. i,
17 :joined the ships at Fulta went to : 1857.
England in Feb. i757 returned to Bengal '•
in the Council succeeded Clive as tem-

:
HOME, FREDERIC JERVIS
porary Governor of Bengal from Jan. 28,
(1839- )
1760, until Vansittart assumed office on
July 27, 1760. In 1761 he and others Born Oct. 22, 1839 son of Maj-General :
were dismissed by the Court of Directors Richard Home, Bengal Army educated :
for signing a despatch remonstrating at Kensington Grammar School and

against Vansittart's appointment, but he Addiscombe joined the Bengal Engin-
:
had retired in Sep. 1760 in retirement, :

eers, 1858, and landed in India, i860 in :
he wrote on historical, philosophical and the Irrigation Branch of P.W.D., 1861-

social science subjects also his Narrative : 94 : Inspr-General of Irrigation and
of the Black Hole, Interesting Historical Deputy Secretary, P.W.D., India, 1890-4 :
Events relative to the Province of Bengal C.S.I., 1892: Colonel, -^.m-^-m M

and the Empire of Hindustan, 1765-71 ;
Indian Tracts, 1758, 1774, and other HOME, ROBERT (1764P-1834)

works, showing his knowledge of the Artist : son of Robert Boyne Home :
religion and customs of the Hindus. He from 1770 exhibited portraits at the Royal
erected, at the N.E. corner of Dalhousie Academy and at Dublin went to Madras :
Square, Calcutta, a monument to those in 1790 with Lord Cornwallis' Army

:
who died in the Black Hole this monu- :

before Seringapatam, 179 1-2 went to :
ment was removed in 1819 re-erected :

Calcutta, 1792 at Lucknow he was chief
:
in 1902 Holwell died at Pinner, Nov. 5,

:
painter to the King of Oudh for some
1798. years, and made a large fortune he :
returned to Calcutta in 1797 and died

HOME, SIR ANTHONY DICKSON there about 1834 was Secretary to the :
(1823— ) Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1802, and

Born 1823 : entered the Army Medical painted for it. Indian pictures by Home
Department, 1848, and retired, 1886:
were exhibited at the Academy he :
served in the Crimea, 1854-5 : Indian published Select Views in Mysore, the
mutiny, 1857-8 gained the V.C. on Sep.
:
Country of Tippoo Sultan, and A Descrip-
26, 1857, at the first relief of Lucknow tion of Seringapatam, the Capital of Tippoo
China, i860 New Zealand, 1863-5
: :
Sultan, illustrated he painted in India :
Ashanti, 1873-4 P.M.O. Cyprus, 1878-

: :
pictures of Marquis Wellesley and Colonel
9: P.M.O. Surgeon- General to the
:
Arthur Wellesley, Bishop Heber and Dr.
Forces in India, 1881-5 K.C.B., 1874. :
Carey*
HOME, DUNCAN CHARLES HONNER, SIR ROBERT WILLIAM

(1828-1857) (1800P-1869?)
Son ofMaj-General Richard Home, Son born about
of a military officer :
Bengal Army born 1828 :educated at : 1800 entered the Army, 1821
: nearly :
Elizabeth College, Guernsey, at Wimble- 20 years a subaltern, 17 years Adjutant of

don and Addiscombe, 1845-6: after the his regt. as Brevet-Major commanded
:
course at Chatham, went to Bengal, 1848 : the 4th Bombay N.I. at 27 years' service :
at the siege of Multan, and at Gujarat : served in Mahi Kanta against the Bhils,
employed on the Ganges Canal construc- 1823 with the Field Force in 1824 in the
:
tion, and at Madhupur in charge of a Meena Hills, and against various predatory
division of the Bari Doab Canal com- : tribes with the Bombay column in the
:
manded several companies of Muzbi Panjab campaign, 1848-9 at the capture :
Sikhs at the siege of Delhi had charge of : of Multan Brevet-Lt-Colonel

: Briga- :
dier in the Persian war, 1856-7 : com- HOPE, SIR THEODORE CRACROFT
manded the advance
Division at the (1831- )
capture Reshire and surrender of

of
Bushire Khushab I.C.S: born 1831: son of James Hope,
at : C.B. com- : :
manded at the island of Karrak for some M.D. : educated at Rugby and Haileybury :
months commanded the Nasirabad
:
entered the Bombay Civil Service, 1853 =
Brigade in the mutiny, in the pursuit of Educational Inspector, 1855-8 called to :
Tantia Topi and other chief rebels the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1866 Member
Maj- :
:
General, 1861 Resident at Aden, 1862-

:
of the Governor-General's Legislative
General of the Sind Division from Council, 1875-80 Provisional Member of :
3 :
1863 : K.C.B. left India, 1866, after

:
Council, Bombay, 1880 Secretary to :
about 45 years' continuous service there : the Government of India in the Finance
died about 1869. and Commerce Department, 1881-2 :
Officiating Finance Minister, 1882 Mem- :
ber of the Supreme Council, in charge of

HOOKER, SIR JOSEPH DALTONj Public Works, 1882-7 author of Church :
(1817- )
and State in India, 1892, and various
educational and architectural works •
Born June 30, 1817 son of Sir William :
CLE., 1882 K.C.S.L, 1886.

:
Jackson Hooker educated at High :
School and University of Glasgow joined :
R.N. Medical Department served as :

HOPE, SIR WILLIAM, BARONET
Surgeon and Naturalist in H.M.S. Erebus (1819-1898)
in Antarctic expedition under Sir James
Ross, 1839-43 brought out a series of
: Born Jan. 12, 1819 son of Sir John :
volumes on the botany of the Antarctic Hope, Bart: enteredthe Army, 1835 with :
regions visited the Himalayas on the

:
71st Highlanders in the Crimea Lt- :
North of Sikhim, and was badly treated, Colonel, 1857 served in Central India,
:
being kept a prisoner, by the Sikhim 1858 : C.B., 1859 Colonel, 1862 com- : :
authorities also visited the Khasia hills

: manded the 71st regt. in the frontier
as naturalist, 1847-51 made botanical :
operations under Sir N. Chamberlain,
collections of great value visited Syria : 1863 : Maj-General, 1868 commanded :
and Palestine, i860 : Morocco, 1871 : the at Stirling, 1873 retired as General, :
Rocky Mountains, 1877 : served as 1881 : K.C.B. succeeded his brother as

:
Assistant Director and Director of Kew Baronet, 1892 died Sep. 5, 1898.
:
Gardens, 1855-85 C.B., 1869 K.C.S.I., : :
1877 G.C.S.I., 1897 author of Hima-

:
layan lournals. The Rhododendrons of the

:
HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN

(1857- )
Sikhim Himalaya, The Flora of British
India, and many other scientific works. Born Sep. 1857 son of Lewis S.
8, :
Hopkins, M.D. educated at Columbia

:
HOOLE, ELIJAH (1798-1872) University, New York at Leipzig and :
Berlin Universities, 1878-81 engaged in :
Son Holland Hoole, a shoemaker

of : tuition in Columbia, 188 1-5 Professor :
born 1798 educated at Manchester

: of Sanskrit, first at Bryn Mawr College,
went to India as a Wesleyan Methodist 1885-95 : and later at Yale, 1895, in
missionary, 1820 made a Member of the : succession to Professor
(q.v.) Whitney :
Committee for revising the Tamil version A.B., 1878 A.M. and Ph.D. of Leipzig,
:
of the Bible published a number of Tamil

: 1881 : LL.D., Columbia, 1902 Member :
translations, including portions of the of the German Oriental Society Secretary :
Bible left India, 1828

: became Superin- : of the American Oriental Society since
tendent of Schools in Ireland, and a 1897 : has written The Four Castes, 1881 :
general Secretary of the Wesleyan Mis- Manu, in Triibner's Oriental Series,

sionary Society wrote A Personal Narra-
: 1884 : Religions of India, 1895 The :
tive of a Mission to the South of India, Great Epic of India, 1900 India, Old and :
1820-8, and missionary works and con- : New, 1901 engaged in University teach-
:
tributed to literary journals died June : ing since 188 1 spent a year in India,
:
17, 1872- 1896-7.

HOPKINSON, HENRY (1820-1899) usages of war, 1874 K.C.B., i860 :
G.C.B., 1875 died Sep. 13, 1885. :

Son of B. Hopkinson : entered the
Indian Army, 1837 Political Officer in :
1847-8 in the expedition against the HORSFORD, SIR JOHN (1761-1817)

Koladyne hill tribes : Pan jab cam-
in the Born May 13, 175 1 : son of John
paign, 1848-9, at Chilianwala and Gujarat :
Horsford educated at Merchant Taylors'
:
in the Burmese war, 1852-3, at the capture and St. John's College, Oxford Fellow, :
of Martaban Commissioner in British :

1768-71 enlisted under the name of
:
Burma in Bhutan expedition, 1864-6

: : " John' Rover " in the E. I. Co.'s Artillery,
at capture of Dewangiri Commissioner :
1772 his identity was discovered in 1778,
:
of Assam and A.G.G. on the N.E. frontier :

and he received a Commission as Lieutenant
C.S.I. , 1874 General in 1889 died Dec.
: :
Fireworker rose to be Maj-General, 181 1
:
22, 1899. served in the Bengal Artillery under Corn-

wallis in the Mysore war, 1 790-1, at
HORSBURGH, JAMES (1762-1836) Bangalore, Arikera and Seringapatam
commanded the Artillery under Lord
Captain born Sep. 23, 1762, of humble
:
Lake, 1803-5, at Alighar, Delhi, Agra,

parents went to sea at 16 went to Cal-
: :
Deeg, Bhartpur : at the siege of Ko-

cutta after 1780 served as mate in ships :
trading thence from 1784 wrecked, :

manur, 1807 commanded the Bengal :
Artillery, 1808-17: and at the siege of

through error in a chart while engaged :
Hatras, 1817 K.C.B., 1817 died at : :
on voyages to China, and from Bombay,

Cawnpur, April 20, 1817, a few days after
he collected information and studied
his return from Hatras never had a day's :
navigation made several charts of

:
leave in his 45 years' service.

Eastern waters in command of a ship, :
1798, made voyages between England,

India and China, and kept barometrical
HOUSTOUN, SIR ROBERT (1780-1862)
observations published more charts and : Entered the Indian Army at an early
his Directions for Sailing to and from the age : to Bengal in 1795 served for 25 :
East Indies, etc., 1 809-11, a work noted years, taking part in all Lord Lake's
for its accuracy and utility, still the basis actions, including 12 battles and 9 sieges :
of the East India Directory : F.R.S. in General, 1854 was 10 years Governor of :
1806: hydrographer to the E.I. Co. in the Military College, Addiscombe on :
1810 his works were regarded as invalu-

: retirement, received a present of plate
able safeguards to life and property in worth £500 from the E. I. Co. General :
the Eastern regions contributed scientific : and K.C.B. died April 5, 1862. :
writings to Magazines died May 14, :
1836. HOWARD, SIR CHARLES ( ? - )
Son of A. Howard educated

privately : :
HORSFORD, SIR ALFRED HASTINGS served with Rattray's Sikhs in the Indian
(1818-1885) mutiny, and in various posts in the Civil
Son of GeneralGeorge Horsford born :
and Military Police, Bengal thanked by :
1818 : educated at the R.M.C., Sand- Government for arresting and obtaining
hurst joined the Rifle Brigade, 1833,
:
conviction of the chief of the Wahabi
and rose to be General, 1877 served in :
sect, 1858 Assistant Commissioner of
:
the Kafir wars, 1847-8, 1852-3 in the :

Police, London, 1890-1902 : C.B., 1894 :
Crimea, in all the battles C.B. to India : :

K.C.B. , 1902.
in the mutiny commanded the 3rd :
Battalion at Cawnpur, and the advance HOWARD, JOHN ELIOT (1807-1883)

to Lucknow, a Brigade at the siege Son of Luke Howard
born Dec. 11, :
of Lucknow, in the operations in 1807 : connected, all his life, with his
Oudh, and on the Nipal frontier, 1858 : father's chemical manufactory and with :
held staff appointments in England and cinchona and quinine in every aspect in :
at Malta commanded
the S.E. District,
:
1869 he published The Quinology of the
1872 Military Secretary at the Horse
: East Indian Plantations, which was
Guards, 1874-80 represented Great :
officially acknowledged F.R.S. in 1874 : :
Britain at the Brussels Conference on the died Nov. 22, 1883.
1
HOWDEN, JOHN FRANCIS CARA- Secretary, 1875 Member of Council, :
DOC, FIRST BARON (1762- temporary, in 1873, and from June,

1877,
1839) to June, 1882 acted as Governor of :
Born Aug. 12, 1762 son of the Right :

Madras, May 24, to Nov. 5, 1881 died :
Rev. John Cradock, Archbishop of Dublin :

Oct. 25, 1894.
entered the Cavalry 1777, Lt-Colonel of :
the 13th regt., 1789 served in the W. :

HUDSON, SIR JOHN (1833-1893)
Indies, 1790 and 1793-5 Ma j -General, :
Born June 30, 1833 son of Captain :
1798 was Q.M.G. in Ireland under Lord

: John Hudson, R.N. educated at the :
Cornwallis during the rebellion of 1798 :

Royal Naval School, New Cross entered :
was M.P. in the Irish Parliament, 1785- the 64th regt. in 1853 Adjutant in the :
1900: on the Staff of Sir Ralph Aber- Persian war, 1856-7 present in all the :
cromby in the Mediterranean and Egypt :

engagements in the mutiny was Adjutant
:
Knight of the Bath, 1803 C. in C. at :

with his regt. in Havelock's force, and in his
Madras, 1804-7, and Lt-General during :
actions from Fatehpur, July 12, to Bithur,
his tenure of office the mutiny at Vellore Aug. 16 in the advance to Lucknow, the
:
occurred, 1806 which he attributed to

: defence of Cawnpur, the defeat of the
efforts to restore the Muhammadan cause, Gwalior contingent and in subsequent :
while it was also ascribed to orders issued engagements in the Abyssinian cam-
:
about uniform recalled in 1807 : com- :

paign, 1867-8 commanded the 28th :
manded the forces in Portugal, 1808 :

Panjab N.I. in the Afghan war of 1878-
Governor of Gibraltar, 1809 C. in C. at :
80 was in Sir F. Roberts' advance on
:
the Cape, 1811-14 General, 1812 made = :

Kabul, 1879 in the operations round
:
Lord Howden in the Irish Peerage, 1819 Kabul, defended the Lataband post com- :
changed his name to Caradoc, 1820 :

manded in the Khyber in 1881 C.B. : :
made an English Peer, 1831 died July 6, :

commanded the Indian Contingent in the
1839. Soudan, 1885 K.C.B. Maj-General, : :
1887 commanded a Division, 1888-92

:
:
HOWELL, MORTIMER SLOPER Lt-General C. in C, Bombay in 1893

:
(1841- )
died at Poona, June 9, 1893, instantane-
ously, from a fall from his horse.
born Feb. 3, 1841
I.C.S. :son of John :
Warren Howell educated at Christ's :

HUDSON, SIR WILLIAM BRERETON
Hospital and Corpus Christi College, (1843- )
Oxford Fellow of the Universities of

:
Calcutta and Allahabad LL.D., Edin- :

Anindigo planter in Bihar com- :
burgh entered the Indian Civil Service,

:
manded the Bihar Light Horse Member :
of the Indian Public Service Commission,

1862, and retired in 1896, as Judicial
Commissioner of Oudh author of Gram- :
1886-7: K.C.I.E., 1893.
mar of the Classical Arabic Languages :
HUGHES, CHARLES FREDERICK
CLE., 1886. (1844- )
HOWLETT, SIR ARTHUR (1819-1904) Born 1844 son of W. S. P. Hughes

: :
General entered the Indian Army in

:
educated at Cheltenham and Addiscombe :
entered the Bombay Army, 1861, and be-

1838 joined the 27th Madjras N.I. in
:
1839 saw much service in the Indian

:
came Colonel, 1889 served against Fudhli :
Arabs, 1865-6 in the Afghan war, 1878-

mutiny at Cawnpur, Lucknow, Tulsipur,
:
Bansi, in Bundelkund, in the Sagar Field 80 : present at Ahmad Kheyl, Brevet-

Division Madras Staff Corps, 1861
: :
Major Burmese war, 1886-7
: Com- :
C.B., 1873
missary-General of Bombay, Madras and
Maj-General, 1881 : General,
:
Bengal Armies in succession, 1890-5 :

1889 K.C.B., 1896
: died at Upper :
C.B., 1897.
Norwood, July 31, 1904.
HUGHES, SIR EDWARD (1720P-1794)
HUDLESTON, WILLIAM ( ? -1894) Born about 1720 entered the Navy, :
I.C.S. : educated at Haileybury, 1843- 1734-5 was at Porto Bello, 1739 Car-
; :
44 went out to Madras, 1845

: became : tagena, 1741 Toulon, 1743-4 America
:
'
Secretary to Government, Madras, in the and the W. Indies Captain, 1747-8 at : :
Revenue Department, 1870 and Chief : Louisberg, 1758 Quebec, 1759 Naval : =
P
2IO DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
C. in C. in the E. Indies, 1773-7 = Rear 1848-9 : in the Peshawar frontier ex-
Admiral and K.C.B., 1778 : again held peditions, 1 85 1-2 : commanded the ist
the command in the E. Indies, 1779-83 '•
Pan jab Cavalry on the Yusufzai frontier,
destroyed Hyder All's ships at Mangalore, 1852, and through the mutiny, 1857-8 :
1780 helped to take Negapatam, 1781

:
: at Multan, in Rohilkund, Oudh campaign,
took Trincomalee, Jan. 1782 between : in the Trans-Gogra column, etc. died :
that month and June, 1783, Hughes was April 4, 1897 C.B., 1869 : General, :
engaged five times between Madras and 1884: K.C.B., 1891.

Trincomalee with the French fleet under
Admiral M. without any de Suffrein, HULTZSCH, EUGEN (1857- )
decisive Hughes returned to

results :
Born March 1857, at Dresden 29, :
England and had no further command :

studied classical and Oriental philology,
Admiral of the Blue in i793 made a =
especially Sanskrit, at Bonn and Leip-
large fortune in India : died Feb. 17, i794- zig : Ph.D. Privat-docent for Oriental:
studies at the University of Vienna

HUGHES, THOMAS ELLIOTT was introduced by G. Biihler to the
(1830-1886)
study of Indian (epigraphy travelled :
Maj -General 1830 educated

: born : for six months in N. India and Kashmir,
near Exeter entered the Royal Artillery,
: 1884-5, and collected valuable MSS.
1849 : in frontier warfare under Sir and inscriptions appointed, 1887, Epi- :
Colin Campbell, 1852 against the Boz- : graphist of the Archaeological Survey for
dars, 1857 in the Mahsud-Waziri expedi-
: the Presidency of Madras and examiner :
tion, i860 commanded a mountain

: in Sanskrit at Madras University. In
battery in the N.W. frontier expedition, 1903, resigned his post as Epigraphist,
1863, at the storming of Laloo and capture and has since been Professor of Sanskrit
of Umbeyla Brevet-Major :in the : at the University of Halle is Secretary :
Black Mountain expedition under Wilde, to the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesell-

1868 : Lt-Colonel, 1875 Maj-General, : schaft Corresponding Member of the
:
1885 : for foiu: years A.A.G. at head- Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences, of
quarters in England D.A.G. for R.A. in : the Royal Society of Science at Gottingen,
India, 1882 Director-General of Ord-
: etc. has written
: Prolegomena zu :
nance in India, 1884 Military Member : Vasantaraja Sakuna, 1879 an edition of :
of the Supreme Council, Jan. to May, Baudhajanas' Lawbook, 1884 South- :
1886 : died May 24, 1886, at Simla Indian Inscriptions (Tamil and Sanskrit) :
C.B. Reports on Sanskrit MSS. in South India,

1893, etc. many of his treatises on Indian
:
HUGHES, SIR ROBERT JOHN epigraphy have appeared in the Indian

(1821-1904) Antiquary.
Born May 5, 1822 son of Lt. Robert :
Hughes entered
: the Army, 1841 : HUMBERSTON, THOMAS FREDERIC
served in the Crimea: Colonel in 1878 in : MACKENZIE (1753 P-1783)
the Afghan war, 1878-80 commanded :
Son of Major William Mackenzie born :
a Brigade of the Kandahar column in :

about 1753 entered the ist Dragoon:
the Ghazni Field Force, under Sir Donald Guards in 1771 took his mother's name :
Stewart in the Kandahar to Kabul march :

of Humberston Captain, 1778 at the : :
at Shabjui, Ahmad Kheyl, and Urzoo, repulse a French attack on Jersey,

of
near Ghazni C.B. commanded the
: :
1779 commanded the looth regt. in 1781
:
Presidency District, Calcutta, 1880-3 :

under General Medows at the Cape, and
retired in 1883, as Maj-General K.C.B., sailed for Madras
:
landed at Calicut in :
1894 : died April 19, 1904. Feb. 1782, captured forts of Hyder Ali,
and made a treaty with Travancore
HUGHES, SIR WILLIAM TEMPLER retreated before Tippoo, but repulsed
:
(1822-1897)
him at Paniane in Nov. 1782 commanded :
Born April 2, 1822 son of Rev. Henry :

the 78th joined the Army under General
:
Arkwright Hughes entered the Bengal :

Matthews in Malabar went to Bombay :
Army, 1842 in the Satlaj and Pan jab

:
to complain against the General on his :
campaigns and in the battles, 1845-6 and way back, his ship was captured by the
Mahratta fleet, and he died of his wounds HUNTER, ROBERT (1823-1897)

at Gheria, April 30, 1783.
Born Sep. 3, 1823 son of John M. :
Hunter educated at Aberdeen Univer-

:
HUME, ALLAN OCT AVIAN (1829- )

sity: was licensed as Precentor of the
I.C.S. born 1829 son of Joseph Hume,
: : Free Church of Scotland in 1846 joined :
M.P. iq.v.) educated at Haileybury

: Stephen Hislop {q.v.) at the Free Church
entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1849 : mission at Nagpur performed educa- :
served in the N.W.P. Commissioner of : tional and missionary work for nine
Inland Customs Secretary to Government : years :returned home in 1855 made :
of India in theRevenue and Agriculture discoveries in geology devoted himself :
Department Member of Board of : to literary and evangelistic work edited :
Revenue, N.W.P., 1879 in the mutiny = Lloyd's Encyclopcsdic Dictionary, 1889 :
was Magistrate of Etawah, N.W.P. LL.D. : Fellow

of learned Societies :
rendered good service against the mutin- published a History of India, 1863 and :
eers, with whom he was several times History of the Missions of the Free Church
engaged C.B., i860
: retired in 1882 : : of Scotland in India and Africa, 1873 '•
took a prominent part in organizing and died Feb. 25, 1897.

supporting the National Congress, and in
criticizing the actions of the Government
HUNTER, WILLIAM (1756-1812)
of India, for years author of several :
Born 1755 educated at the Marischal
:
works on ornithology. College, and the University, Aberdeen :
went to India, 1781, in the E. I. Co.'s

medical service in 1782, driven to Burma
HUME, JOSEPH (1777-1855)
by a storm, he wrote an Account of
:
The Radical politician born Jan. 22, : Pegu, 1785 Surgeon at the Agra Resi-
:
1777: son of a shipmaster: educated at dency on the Resident's expedition

:
Montrose studied medicine at Aberdeen,

: from Agra to Ujain, 1792-3 Surgeon to :
Edinburgh, London M.C.S., Edinburgh, : the marines, 1 794-1 806 Secretary to :
1796 in 1797 entered the marine medical

: the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1 1 years,
service of the E. I. Co. in 1799 joined : between 1798 and 181 1 examiner in :
the land service studied the native lan- : Persian and Hindustani at the College of
guages employed in political work, as
: Fort William Secretary of the College
: :
army surgeon, as interpreter, postmaster M.D. Superintendent Surgeon of Java,

:
and paymaster in the Mahratta war under 181 1-2 contributed scientific articles to
:
Lord Lake left India in 1807 and the

: Asiatic Researches published a Hin- :
service, with £40,000 was M.P. for : dustani-English Dictionary, 1808 and a :
various constituencies, 1812-55 attended = Collection of Proverbs in Persian and

to Indian affairs, but failed in his efforts Hindustani revised the Hindustani New
:
to become a Director the E. I. Co. of : Testament wrote on medical subjects

: :
advocated freedom of trade with India : died in Java, Dec. 1812.

became a leader of the Radical party for
HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM GUYER
30 years his parliamentary career forms
:
(1828-1902)
part of English politics Vice-President, :
Society of Arts F.R.S. and Fellow of : :

Educated at King's College, London,
the Royal Asiatic Society died Feb. 20, :
and Aberdeen University entered the :
1855. Bombay Medical Department, 1850 was :
in the second Burmese war and in the :
mutiny Principal and

: Professor of
HUME, SIR ROBERT (1828- )
Medicine of the Grant Medical College,
Born 1828 entered the Army, 1847, : Bombay Surgeon-General
: Vice-Chan- :
and became Lt-General, 1883 served in : cellor of the Bombay University M.P. :
the Crimea, 1854-5 : twice severely for Central Hackney, 1885-92 K.C.M.G. : :
wounded Bhutan : expedition, 1865 : died March 14, 1902.

commanded Sagar District, 1874-7 Alla- :
habad Division, 1879-80 S. Afghanistan :

HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON
Field Force, 1 880-1 : Quetta Division, (1840-1900)
1 881 : and Lahore Division, 1881-4 : I.C.S. born July 15, 1840
: son of :
K.C.B., 1887 : G.C.B., 1902. Andrew Galloway Hunter educated at :
11
Glasgow Academy and University stud- : judicial appointments, and was Judge of
ied at Paris and Bonn went out to : the High Court, Madras, 1883-6 Member :
Lower Bengal in 1862 published the : of Council, Madras, 1886-8 Member of :
Annals of Rural Bengal, 1868 A Com- ; the Supreme Council, 1888-93 Judicial '
parative Dictionary of the Non- Aryan Secretary, at the India OfiSice, 1893 :
Languages of India and High Asia, 1868 ; Member of the Council of India, 1898 :
Orissa, 1872 was chosen by Lord Mayo
: C.S.I., 1888 K.C.S.L, 1891.
:
to organize a statistical survey of the

Indian Empire, in 1869 made Director- :
HUTCHINSON, HENRY DOVETON
General of Statistics in 1871 wrote the :
(1847- )
Life of Lord Mayo, 1875 published The :
Statistical Account of Bengal, 20 volumes,

Born Sep. son of T. Cayley
13, 1847 :
Hutchinson, M.D. joined the Indian :

1875-7 and, in all, 128 volumes of local
••
Gazetteers from which he prepared The

:
Army served in the Sikhim campaign,
:
1887-8 rehef of Chitral, 1895

: Tirah :
Imperial Gazetteer of India, 9 volumes, in
1881 ; 14 in 1885-7 wrote a Brief History :
campaign, 1897-8 commanded troops :
in Chitral after the British occupation :

of the Indian Peoples, 1883 his article on :
" India " was re-issued in 1895 as The Director of Military Education in India,
Indian Empire, its Peoples, History and 1896-1901 Assistant Military Secretary
:
Products : for 6 years Additional Member for Indian affairs, 1902 author of :
of the Military Sketching made Easy, Field

Governor-General's Legislative
Fortifications, The Story of Waterloo, The
Council, 1 88 1-7 President of the Educa-
:
Story of 18 12, The Story of Corunna, The

tion Commission, 1882-3 Member of the '•
Indian Finance Commission, 1886 Campaign in Tirah : C.S.L, 1902.

Vice- :
Chancellor of the Calcutta University,

HUTHWAITE, SIR EDWARD
: : settled near (1794-1873)
Oxford wrote weekly
: articles in The
Times on Indian affairs : brought out a Born 1794 son of William Huthwaite,
:
number of biographies in the " Rulers of a draper, Alderman and Mayor educated :
India " series himself writing those of

:
at the R.M.A., Woolwich joined the :
Lords Dalhousie and Mayo wrote also :

E. I. Co.'s Bengal Artillery, 1810 became :
Bombay, 1885-90, the Life of Brian H. Lt-General, 1868 was in the Nipal war,
:
Hodgson iq.v.) an introduction to Bengal

:
1815-16 in Oudh, 1817
: in the Mah- :
MS. Records, 1894 The Old Missionary ;

ratta war, 1 817-18 : in Cachar in 1824, to
;
The Thackerays in India : he had projected repel the Burmese invasion : the
at
a comprehensive work on the History of capture of Bhartpur, 1825-6 : Brig-
India, but reduced it to a work on the Major of Artillery, 1834 held : various
growth of British dominion the first :
important artillery commands : in the
volume was published in 1899, the second first Sikh war of 1845-6, at Firozshahr
after his death CLE., 1878 C.S.I.

: :
and Sobraon C.B. in the Panjab
: :
1884 :K.C.S.L, 1887 LL.D. of Glasgow :

campaign, 1848-9 at the Chenab, Chilian-
:
and Cambridge M.A. of Oxford, by

:
wala, and Gujarat, the surrender of the
decree of Convocation Vice-President :
Sikhs, and pursuit of the Afghans to the
of the Royal Asiatic Society, and member Khyber commanded a Brigade at
:
of learned Societies he adopted the :

Ludiana, and at Meerut retired, 1854 : :
system of transliteration of vernacular in i860 transferred to the Royal Artillery :
names and words called after him :

K.C.B. in 1869 : died at Naini Tal,
through his writings, and his picturesque April 4, 1873.
style, India has been made better known
to England : died Feb. 7, 1900.
HUTT, SIR GEORGE (1809-1889)
Son of Hutt
Richardborn 1809 : :
HUTCHINS, SIR PHILIP PERCIVAL entered the Artillery in Bombay, 1826 :
(1838- )
served in Sind and Afghanistan, 1839-44 :
Born Jan. 1838 son of William

28, : at Miani and Hyderabad C.B. com- : :
Hutchins educated at Merchant Taylors'

: manded the Artillery in the Persian war,
and Haileybury entered the Madras : 1857 : did good service in Sind in the
Civil Service, 1857 called to the bar from : mutiny, anticipated and stopped a rising
the Inner Temple, 1875 held several : of rebels at Karachi retired, 1858 be- : :
came Registrar and Secretary to the frontier defence he is the Premier Prince
:
Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital, 1865- of the Indian Empire G.C.S.I., 1884 : :
87 K.C.B., 1886
: died Oct. 27, 1889. : G.C.B., 1903.
HUTTON, JAMES (1818-1893) HYDERABAD, NIZAM ALI, NIZAM

Entered the E. I. Co.'s military service :
OF ? -1803) (
left the Army after a few years : edited Son of Kamaruddin, the first Nizam-ul-
newspapers in India the Delhi Gazetteer, — Mulk : dethroned and imprisoned his
the Bengal Harkaru, the Englishman, the brother, the Nizam Salabat Jang, 1761,
Madras Times : returned to England : and became Nizam devastated the Car- :
became joint, and, later, sole editor of natic, 1765, but was driven back the :
the Leader newspaper wrote The Aryan : Madras Government made a treaty at
and the Cossack, A Hundred Years Ago, Hyderabad, Nov. 12, 1766, through Brig-
and other works as a journalist and: General Caillaud with Nizam Ali for
author he advocated the strengthening mutual assistance, of and the grant
of the defences on the N.W. frontier :
territory for a subsidiary force. Nizam
died March, 1893. Ali treacherously deserted the English,
and with Hyder Ali invaded the Carnatic,
HUYSHE, ALFRED (1811-1880) but, by another treaty of Feb. 26, 1768,
renounced Hyder and regained the English
General educated at Addiscombe
: :
alliance on certain terms in 1788 he :

joined the Bengal Artillery in 1827 served :
in the Gwalior campaign of 1843

made over the Guntur Sircar to the
in the :
English on certain payments in the war :
Panjab campaign of 1848-9 commanded :
with Tippoo, Nizam Ali made a treaty of

a battery at Sadulapur, Chilianwala and
offensive and defensive alliance with
Gujarat Brevet-Major after the annexa-
: :
Cornwallis, 1790, and gained territory at

tion of the Panjab, was in several expedi-
the end of the war, 1792 the Mahrattas :
tions on the Peshawar frontier : Inspr-
revived a claim against the Nizam for
General of Artillery in Bengal for some
arrears of chout, and war resulted in the
years retired as General in 1877
: C.B. : :
defeat of the Nizam and his army at
died March 3, 1880.
Kurdla in March, 1795 he had to cede :
HYDE, JOHN (I737P-1796) territory and pay three crores of rupees :
his eldest son, Ali J ah, rebelled, but was

Called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn :
capttured by the Nizam's French troops :
appointed a Puisne Judge of the Supreme another treaty of Sep. i, 1798, was made
Court, Calcutta, on its establishment, between the British and the Nizam :
1774 : was one of the magistrates who, Nazim Ali agreed to disband his French
on May
6, 1775, committed Nuncomar
battalions in the second war with
:
to trial for forgery

iq.v.) was one of the :
Tippoo, 1799, the Nizam's army co-
Judges who tried Nuncomar. After more operated with the British troops, and the
than 21 years' uninterrupted service as Nizam received territories by the partition
Judge, he died July 8, 1796, and was treaty of Mysore these territories were
:
buried in Calcutta a Government notifi-

:
ceded to the British for the payment of
cation and lengthy epitaph testified to his the British subsidiary force at Hyderabad :
virtues and the esteem in which he was

Nizam Ali died, 1803.
held.
HYDER ALI (1717 or 1722-1782)
HYDERABAD, SIR ASAF JAH, NIZAM- Son of Fatah Muhammad, a military
UL-MULK OF (1866- )
commander, and jagirdar of Budikota in
Born Aug. 18, 1866 : succeeded his Mysore :born in 1717 or 1722 first :
father in 1869, when a Regency was known as Naik employed by the Mysore
:
established he : was invested with full Raja as a volunteer in the siege of Devan-
power by Lord Ripon, when Viceroy and halli in 1749 next against Arcot, and in
'•
Governor-General, and assumed charge the subsequent struggle for the Nizamat
of his Government, Feb. 5, 1884 has : by 1755 he was military governor of
more than once offered to the Government Dindigul, then a Mysore stronghold by :
of India the services of his troops, and in 1759 he commanded the Mysore Raja's
1887 offered a present of 60 lakhs for Army, and received the title of Fatah
Bahadur. He gradually obtained the Handbook of Panjab Ethnography, Gazetteer
control of/affairs and assumed the sove- of the Panjab, etc., etc. K. C.S.I. 1903 : , :
reign power, deposing the Hindu Raja, Officiating Lieutenant-Governor of the

Chikka Krishnaraj Wodiar, captured Panjab 1905.
Bednore and conquered Malabar in 1766.
Allied with the Nizam, he invaded the IDAR, SIR PRATAPSINGHJI,
Carnatic in 1767, and, on the Nizam's MAHARAJA OF (1845- )
retirement, prosecuted the war alone Son Maharaja Takhtsinghji, of the

of
in 1769 he was within five miles of Madras, Ahmadnagar branch of the Idar family
when the Madras Governor concluded an (Maharaja of Jodhpur, 1841-73) born =
offensive and defensive treaty with him, at Jodhpur, 1845 brought up, 1866-78, :
and the Bombay Government made under his brother-in-law, H.H. the
another treaty with him in i77o. He Maharaja Ramsinghji of Jaipur Prime :
was more than once reduced to great Minister of Jodhpur, 1878-95 on the :
straits by the Mahrattas, who several death of his elder brother H.H. the
times invaded the Mysore dominions, but Maharaja J aswantsingh ji of Jodhpur, he
the English declined to assist him. When was appointed Regent and continued so
the French and English declared war in until, in 1898, the present Chief of Jodhpur
1778, and the English took Mahe, Hyder, was installed was early in 1902 selected
:
who had become the most formidable by right and merit to succeed to the
power in the Peninsula, received the vacant gadi of Idar installed Feb. 12, :
missionary, Schwartz, as an envoy from 1902 appointed, in 1878, Member of the

:
the Governor of Madras, but, negotiations Indian Government's Mission to Kabul

failing, invaded the Madras territory in made C.S.I : in 1885, K.C.S.I : in 1887,
1780, defeated Colonel Baillie at Peram- attended Queen Victoria's Jubilee : A.D.C.
bakam, took Arcot and other places to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (now H.M.
he was defeated at Porto Novo on July i, the King-Emperor Edward VII) Hon. :
1781, by Sir Eyre Coote, who relieved Lt-Colonel in the British Army helped, in :
Vellore, and met him in the indecisive 1889, to found the Imperial Service
action at Ami on June 2, 1782 he died :
Troops formed the Jodhpur Lancers in
: :
near Chitore, Dec. 7, 1782. Hyder was 1897, attended Queen Victoria's Diamond
a born soldier, a first-rate horseman, Jubilee made G. C.S.I
: decorated by :
heedless of danger, full of energy and re- Her Majesty in person LL.D. of Cam- :
source, severe, cruel, cold, indifferent to bridge in 1897-8, joined the Mohmand
religion, shrewd in business though — :
expedition, with an escort of the Jodhpur

quite uneducated with a —
retentive Lancers for General Elles, and the Tirah
memory he inspired great terror with
: :
campaign as A.D.C. to Gen. Sir W. Lock-
better support from the French, he might hart wounded in the latter campaign
: :
have driven the English out of Southern C.B. and Colonel joined the China :
India. expedition in 1900-01 with the Jodhpur

Lancers in 1902 attended the Coronation
:
of H.M. the King-Emperor commanded

IBBETSON, SIR DENZIL CHARLES
:
the Indian Imperial Service Force con-

JELF (1847- )
tingent K.C.B. for China service
:
born Aug. 30, 1847 son of Rev.

I.C.S. : :
Maj -General and A.D.C. to H.M. Hon. :
Denzil John Holt Ibbetson educated :

Commandant of the Indian Imperial
at St. Peter's College, Adelaide, South Cadet Corps.
Australia, and St. John's College, Cam-
bridge entered the Indian Civil Service,
:
IDDESLEIGH, STAFFORD HENRY
1870 : posted to the Panjab after :
NORTHCOTE, FIRST EARL OF
(1818-1887)
serving in various posts, including Super-
intendent of Census, Director of Public Born Oct. son of Henry 27, 181 8 :
Instruction and Financial Commissioner, Stafford Northcote educated at Brighton, :
Was appointed Secretary to the Govern- Eton, Balliol College, Oxford Scholar : :
ment of India in the Revenue and Agricul- called to the bar in 1847 from the Inner
ture Department Chief Commissioner
:
Temple was Private Secretary to Mr.
:
of the Central Provinces Member of the :

Gladstone Legal Secretary to the Board
:
Supreme Coimcil since 1902 author of : of Trade succeeded as Baronet in 1851

: :
was Commissioner to inquire into the civil madan mystic travelled about, all over
:
establishments of the Crown, 1853-4 India, preaching Islam was present :
became M.P. for Dudley, 1855 for Stam- ; on behalf of Islam against Christianity
ford, 1858-66 for N. Devon, 1866-85,
; in the " Agra Controversy " subsequently :
whei;i he was made a Peer. From 1855 became a teacher in the Government
his life was devoted to English politics on Normal School, Lahore baptized at :
the Conservative side. He was connected Umritsar, April 29, 1866 ordained Deacon, :
with India, as Secretary of State, from 1868; Priest, 1872, by the Bishop of Cal-
March 9, 1867, to Dec. 10, 1868 he had : cutta made D.D. by the Archbishop of
:
to deal with the questions of the Abys- Canterbury, 1884 invited to attend the :
sinian expedition, famine, the Orissa "World's Parliament on Religions" in

Afghanistan, Mysore and financial de- Chicago, to which he sent a paper wrote a :
centralization in later years, 1878-9,

: number of Hindustani books, the principal
he spoke in favour of the later portion of being a Life of Christ, Lectures on Christ-
the second Afghan war: died Jan. 11, ian evidence, commentaries in Urdu on
1887. St. Matthew's Gospel and the Acts of
the Apostles : died at Umritsar, Aug. 28,
IKBAL-UD-DAULA MUHSIN ALI 1900.
KHAN, NAWAB (1808-1887)
Grandson of Nawab Saadat Ali Khan IMPEY, SIR ELIJAH (1732-1809)
of Oudh born March 15, 1808 went to
: :
Son of Elijah Impey, merchant born :
England, 1838, to claim the throne of Oudh. June 13, 1732 educated at Westminster
:
Failing to obtain any satisfaction of his (with Warren Hastings) King's Scholar : :
claim, he retired to Bagdad, to pass his and at Trinity College, Cambridge: Scholar
life in sanctity. He was much liked and Fellow called to the bar from Lincoln's
:
respected by the English in England, Inn, 1756 in 1772, counsel for the E. I.
:
Constantinople and Bagdad was made :

Co. before the House of Commons under :
G.C.S.I.ini882 died at Bagdad, Dec. 21, :

the Regulating Act of i773 was appointed
1887. the first Chief Justice of the new Supreme
Court at Calcutta, i.e. Chief Justice of
ILBERT, SIR COURTENAY PERE- Bengal knighted to India in i774
: :
=
GRINE (1841- )
presided in 1775 at the trial of Nuncomar
Born June 12,1841: son of Rev. Peregrine iq.v.) for forgery, and, after the jury's
Arthur Ilbert educated at Marlborough
: verdict of guilty, passed sentence of
and Balliol College, Oxford Scholar : death and Nuncomer was hanged, Aug. 5
:
:
Hertford, Ireland, Craven and Eldon Impey's conduct on the trial has been
Scholar called to the bar from Lincoln's
: impugned as having been actuated in behalf
Inn, 1869 Legal Member of the Supreme
: of Warren Hastings there is no proof of :
Council, 1882-6 in that capacity had : coUusion, and Impey has been pronounced
charge, on behalf of the Government of by high authority to have behaved with
India, of the " Ilbert Bill," which raised absolute fairness in 1777, he decided in :
so much opposition Vice -Chancellor of : favour of Hastings on the question of his

Calcutta University, 1885-6 : Parlia- alleged resignation of the Governor-General-
mentary Assistant Counsel and Counsel ship he sentenced (Sir) P. Francis {q.v.) to
:
to the Treasury, 1886-1901 Clerk to the : pay Rs. 50,000 damages in the Grand case :
House of Commons, 1901 author of The : he was in 1780 made President of the
Government of India, 1898; Legislative new Sadr Diwani Adalat: there is no
Methods and Forms, 1901, etc CLE., 1882 : :
proof that he received extra salary for the
C.S.I. 1885 : K.C.S.I. 1895. office: at the instigation of Francis,
through Biirke in England, he was recalled
IMADUDDIN, REV. D.D. (1830P-1900) in 1783, to answer six charges of illegality,
Son Maulvi Sirazuddin, a Muham-
of which Sir Gilbert Elliot, afterwards Lord
madan theologian descended from the : Minto iq.v.), brought forward in 1787 =
Persian royal house and the Muhammadan Impey defended himself at the bar of the
Saint Kutb Jamal born about 1830, at : House of Commons and the impeachment
Panipat, near which town his family had was abandoned M.P. for New Romney, :
large estates educated at Agra Govern-

: 1790-6 died Oct. i, 1809. Owing to
:
ment College : became a Sufi or Muham- Burke (prompted by Francis) and to

2l6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
Mill's history (followed by Thornton and INDORE, MALHAR RAO HOLKAR,
Macaulay,) Impey was long regarded as MAHARAJA OF (1805-1833)
" one of the ogres of Indian history, a
Son of Jaswant Rac Holkar {q.v.)
traditional monster of iniquity." His succeeded as an infant adopted by :
Life, by his son, E. B. Impey, 1846, did

Jaswant's widow, Tulsi Bai, who became
something to rehabilitate his name, and, regent the Army became predominant
:
later, high authorities have done more :
in the State, and in 18 17 took up arms

the fact that the virulent attempts to against the British Tulsi Bai, on being
:
impeach him failed is most significant.

suspected of British proclivities, was
murdered the army was routed by
:
IMPEY, EUGENE CLUTTERBUCK Malcolm at Mahidpur, Dec. 21, 1817

(1830-1904) terms were made, Malhar Rao being
treated as an independent prince he :
Colonelborn 1830 :son of Edward :
died in 1833.
Impey, B.C.S., and grandson of Sir Elijah
Impey educated privately and at Wad-
:
INDORE, TAKOJI RAO HOLKAR I,
ham College, Oxford joined the 5th :
MAHARAJA OF ( ? -1797)
Bengal N.I., 1851 A.A.G.G. Rajputana, :
1856 served through the mutiny at the

: :
Was made Commander in Chief of
siege of Kotah, 1858 PoHtical Agent :
Holkar's force in 1767 byAhliaBai(^.t;.),
Military Secretary to
the daughter-in-law of the late Maharaja
at Ulwar, 1858 :
the Viceroy, Lord Lawrence, 1863-4 :

Malhar Rao Holkar I, and served her
Political Agent, Jodhpur, Oodeypur, and
with devoted fidelity till her death in
Gwalior Resident in Nipal
: retired, :
1795. He was defeated by De Boigne
[q.v.), Sindia's general, 1794, and ruled
1878 CLE., 1879 died Nov. 1904.
: :
from 1795 until he died Aug. I5,|i797-
INDORE, JASWANT RAO HOLKAR INDORE,^SIR|TAKOJI RAO HOLKAR

MAHARAJA OF (1775P-1811) II, MAHARAJA OF (1832-1886)
An illegitimate son of Maharaja Tukaji Was nominated successor by the Regent
Rao : on the murder of his half-brother, mother of the late Maharaja and recognized
Kashi Rao, he asserted himself, raised in 1843 by the British Government :
a large army and fought with Sindia, invested with authority, 1852 the :
defeating both him and the Peshwa, Baji thoroughness of his loyalty during the
Rao, in 1802 at Poona, which he took: mutiny of 1857 was doubted, but, after
he declined to join the other Mahratta the defeat of his army, which attacked
chiefs against the British, but took his the British Residency at Indore, his
own line, as a freebooter, in Rajputana, prudent and circumspect behaviour was
and, after compelling Colonel Monson to held to entitle him to confidence and he :
make a disastrous retreat in July, 1804, was made a G.C.S.I. in 1861. He developed
was defeated by Lord Lake in 1804-5, and the resources of his State, which he admin-
compelled to make peace and surrender istered with skill and attention to business :
territory. He became insane in 1806, giving much time to military and police
and his wife, Tulsi Bai, became regent. matters he received the Prince of Wales
:
He died Oct. 20, 18 11. with great ceremony when H.R.H. visited
India in 1875-6 was made a General in
:
1877 he died June 17, 1886.

INDORE, MALHAR RAO HOLKAR, :
MARAHAJA OF -1766) ( ? INGLIS, SIR JOHN EARDLEY

The and greatest Prince of the
first
WILMOT (1814-1862)
Holkar family came to notice first as an
: Born Nov. 15, 1814 son of the Very :
officer inthe service of the Peshwa, Baji Rev. John Inglis, D.D., Bishop of Nova
Rao, about 1724 was an early Mahratta
: Scotia joined the 32nd regt. in 1833, in
:
adventurer in Northern India, and ob- Canada, 1837 in the second Sikh war
:
tained the Indore district in jagir about of 1848-9 was at the sieges and capture
1733 was most active after Baji Rao's
: of Multan, at Cheniote and Gujarat at :
death in 1740, until his own death. May Lucknow in the mutiny, was second in
19, 1766. command at Chinhut, June 30. 1857 :
Henry Lawrence being mortally

and, on Sir missioner during Franco- Prussian war,
wounded on July 2, succeeded to the 1870-1 P.M.O., India, 1876-80
: K.C.B., :
command of the garrison until the relief 1887 : F.R.S., 1887.

by Sir Henry Havelock on Sep. 25 was :
Maj-General and K.C.B. " for his endur- IRVINE, WILLIAM (1840- )
ing fortitude and persevering gallantry I.C.S. born July 5, 1840

: son of :
in the defence of the Residency of Lucknow William Irvine educated privately and :
for 87 days against an overwhelming force at King's College, London went out to the :
of the enemy " in the subsequent action:

N.W.P., India, 1864 rose to be Magis- :
against Tantia Topi in Dec. 1857 com- :

trate-Collector retired, 1888 wrote the
: :
manded the troops in the Ionian Islands, Rent Digest (1868) on agricultural tenures
i860 died at Hombiurg, Sep. 27, 1862.
:
and rent law procedure has also written :
articles on the Bangash Nawabs of Far-

INGLIS, HON. JULIA SELINA, LADY rukhabad, 1878 since 1888, has had in :
(1833-1904) preparation a History of the Moguls in the

Daughter of the first Lord Chelmsford 1 8th century (portions published in the
married to Sir John E. W. Inglis, K.C.B. J.A.S.B.) has written on " India in the
:
{q.v.), who defended the Residency at 1 8th Century" in the Indian Antiquary,
Lucknow in the mutiny in recognition : the Asiatic Quarterly Review, and the
of his services she received a pension. She Indian Magazine also the chapters on :
herself went through the siege of 87 days Muhammadan India (1000-1750. a.d.)
and published The Siege of Lucknow, in the new edition of the Imperial Gazetteer :
a Diary, 1892 : she was shipwrecked off is engaged ,for the Government of India,
Ceylon on her way home died on Feb. : on a translation, with notes, etc., of the
3, 1904. Memoirs of Niccolo Manucci, Venetian
(1656 to 1717 A.D.), 4 vols, in the Indian
INNES, JAMES JOHN MACLEOD Text series since 1896, Member of the
:
(1830— ) Council of the Royal Asiatic Society.
Lt- General born Feb. 5, 1830

: son :
of Siurgeon James Innes, H.E.I.C.S. :

IVES, EDWARD ( ? - ? )
educated at Edinburgh University and Surgeon on Admiral Watson's ship,

Addiscombe : joined Bengal Engineers, the Kent, which was sent out to the relief
1848 P.W.D. 1851
: served through the : of the British Settlements in India against
mutiny in the defence of Lucknow
: Dupleix, 1754 wrote an account of the
:
Residency, 1857 at siege of Lucknow, : voyage from England to India, and of the
1858, and actions of Chanda, Amirpur and subsequent naval and military operations,
Sultanpur severely wounded
: gained : 1755-7- In this book, published in
the V.C. for gallantry in capturing, and 1773, he describes the people of India,
holding singlehanded, a gun which was their customs, etc., and the vegetation of
being trained on an advancing column : the country calls himself " Surgeon of
:
Brevet-Major Panjab Irrigation works

: : His Majesty's Hospital in the East Indies."
Accountant-General, P.W.D. India, 1870-
80 :Inspr-General of Military Works, ITISAM-UD-DIN ( ? - ? )
India retired as General, 1886

: author :
Native of Nadia district, Bengal son :
of Lucknow and Oudh in the Mutiny, The of Shekh Tajuddin in the service of Mir :
Sepoy Revolt, 1897 ; Sir Henry Lawrence J afar, Nawab of Bengal on the accession :
(Rulers of India series), 1898 ; Life of Sir of Mir Kasim attached himself to Major
lames Browne, K.C.S.I., R.E. Yorke, whom he accompanied on a cam-
paign against Asad Zaman Khan, Raja
flNNES, SIR JOHN HARRY KER] of Birbhum fought for the English
:
(1820- )
against Mir Kasim employed by the :
Born 1820
educated at University
: English in negotiations with the Mahratta
College, London entered the Army : Government entered the service of
:
Medical Department, 1842, and became General Carnac, 1765-6 soon changed to :
Surgeon General, 1872 served in the : that of Shah Alam about 1765-7 accom- :
Crimea, 1855 Indian mutiny, 1857

: : panied Capt. Swinton to Europe as munshi,
Oudh, 1858-9 British Sanitary Com- : on a mission to deliver Shah Alam's letter
2l8 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
to King George III he was the first : Oriental Society Hon. Member of the
:
educated native of Bengal to visit England Society for making Researches into
and describe his journey returned after : Zoroastrian Religion, Bombay, (1899) :
nearly three years' absence to India wrote : twice delegated by the U.S. Government
the Shigurf-nama, or " wonder-book," to International Congresses of Orientalists :
about 1784, describing his travels a : his chief works are A Hymn of Zoroaster,
popular work in India he was careful : 1888 ; Avesta Grammar in Comparison
and painstaking in his observations. with Sanskrit, 1892 Avesta Reader, 1893 ; ;
Zoroaster, 1898 ; Die iranische Religion,

IYENGAR, S. SRINIVASA RAGHAVA, 1900 ; Persia, Past and Present Trans- ;
DIWAN BAHADUR ( ? -1903) Caspian and Turkistan, 1905 besides ;
Inspr-General of Registration, Madras : articles contributed to Journals and

one of the ablest Hindu officials in the Encyclopaedias.
Presidency wrote Forty Years of Pro-
:
gress in Madras, 1893, as a reply to asser- JACKSON, SIR CHARLES ROBERT

tions that British rule had impoverished MITCHELL ( ? - ? )
the country Diwan of Baroda, 1896-9,

:
Barrister-at-law Temporary Member
:
when he rejoined his appointment imder of the Supreme Council from Sep. 19,
the Madras Government represented :
1851 : Puisne Judge of the Supreme
Madras on the Police Commission an :
Court, Calcutta, 1855-62 and of the :
authority on revenue matters and economic High Court, Calcutta, 1862-63 officiated :
questions in S. India : died Dec. 11, 1903. as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
1859 : also was Member of the Governor-
General's Legislative Council retired, :
JACK, ALEXANDER (1805-1857) April, 1863.
Son of the Rev. William Jack born :

JACKSON, SIR LOUIS STEUART
Oct. 10, 1805 educated at King's College,
:
(1824-1890)
Aberdeen joined the 30th Bengal N.I.,
:
1824 in the Satlaj campaign was at

:
I.C.S. son of Lt-Colonel Henry George
:
Aliwal, and was Brigadier of the force sent Jackson, R.A. educated at Royal School,
:
against Kangra commanded his battalion :

Enniskillen and Trinity College, Dublin,
at Chilianwala and Gujarat C.B. Colonel, : :
and Haileybury went to Bengal in the
:
1854 Brig-General at Cawnpur, in 1857,

:
Civil Service, 1843 employed under the
:
under Sir Hugh Wheeler when the :

Government in the Straits Settlements,
entrenchment was evacuated, by arrange- 1847-50 :Judge of Rajshahi Judge of :
ment with the Nana Sahib, Jack was, the Sadr Court, 1862 and Puisne Judge :
with many others, shot in the boats at the of the High Coiurt, 1862-80 officiated :
ghat died June 27, 1857.

:
as Chief Justice, 1878 Fellow of the :
Calcutta University C.I.E., 1878 : :
JACKSON, ABRAHAM VALENTINE knighted died April 9, 1890 F.R.G.S

: : :
WILLIAMS (1862- ) F.Z.S.

Born Feb. 9, 1862, in New York City
U.S.A. : son of David S. Jackson, mer-
JACOB, SIR GEORGE LE GRAND
(1805-1881)
chant : educated at New York studied :
at Columbia University, N.Y., and at Son of John Jacob born April 24, 1805 : :
Halle in Germany L.H.D. Ph.D. : : : educated at Elizabeth College, Guersey,

and LL.D. Professor of Indo-Iranian
: and in France privately joined the 2nd :
languages at Columbia University Bombay N.I. in 1821 on the Staff at :
his special field of research as a scholar Addiscombe, 183 1-4 was in political :
is the sarced literature the Zoroas- of charge in Kattiawar, 1839-43 at the :
trian religion visited India and : assault on Munsantosh in the S. Mahratta

Ceylon in 1901 travelled in Persia and : country Political Agent in Sawantwari,
:
Central Asia in 1903 for purposes of 1845-51 in Cutch, 1851

: commanded :
archaeological research, especially of the native light battalion in the Persian

Zoroastrianism collated part of the : war, 1856-7 in the mutiny was sent to
:
Persian inscription of King Darius on the Kolapur, and disarmed the mutinous
Behistun rock : Director of the American 27th Bombay N.I. and behaved with :
great vigour appointed special Political

: Chief Engineer, Jaipur State : C.I.E.,
Commissioner of the South Mahratta 1890 K.C.I.E., 1902
: author of laipur :
country, 1858, and to Goa C.B., 1859 : : Portfolios of Architectural Details, laipur
retired as Maj-General, 1861 K.C.S.I., : Enamels (with Surgeon-Colonel Hendley) :
1869 he transcribed the Asoka inscrip-

: M.R.I.B.A A.I.C.E.
:
tions at Girnar, Kattiawar, and wrote

many papers on the history, etc., of JACOB, WILLIAM STEPHEN
Western India published :in 1871, (1813-1862)
Western India before and during the Mutiny :
Son of the Rev. Stephen Long Jacob,
died Jan. 27, 1881. and brother of John Jacob {q.v.) born :
Nov. 19, 1813 educated at Addiscombe

:
JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858) and Chatham joined the Bombay

:
Son Rev. Stephen Long Jacob

of the :
Engineers, 1831 established a private
:
born Jan. 11, 1812 cousin of Sir George

:
observatory at Poona, 1842 left the :
Le Grand Jacob iq.v.) educated at :

service as Captain in 1845, to devote
Addiscombe entered the E. I. Co.'s
:
himself to science was Director of the :
Bombay Artillery, 1828 in the first :

Madras Observatory, 1848-59 and for :
Afghan war, 1838, was in Sind with Sir three years at Poona Observatory, of
John Keane's Army of the Indus, and in which he procured the establishment :
1839 commanded Artillery in the Cutchi he was F.R.A.S., 1849 made a number :
expedition in 1841 was chosen by Outram

:
of scientific astronomical observations,
iq.v.), for command of the Sind Irregular

and wrote papers on meteorology and
Horse, and political charge of E. Cutchi :
astronomy died at Poona, Aug. 16, 1862.
:
led his regt. at Miani, Feb. 17, 1843, Shah-

dadpur, Oomercote, with great gallantry :
JACOBI, HERMANN GEORG (1850- )
Political Superintendent of Upper Sind, Born Feb. 11, 1850, at Cologne son of :
1847 : C.B., 1850 constantly engaged : a merchant educated at Cologne, Berlin

:
with the hill tribes Jacobabad called : and Bonn visited India, 1873-4
:
Pro- :
after him, in 185 1 negotiated a treaty,

: fessor of Sanskrit at the Universities of
in 1854, with the Khan of Kelat officiat- : Munster, 1876; Kiel, 1885; Bonn, 1889 :
ing Commissioner in Sind, 1856 Colonel : has written the following works :
and A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1857 com- : Kalpasutra, 1879 Ayaranga Sutta, 1882 ; ;
manded the cavalry in the Persian war, Jaina Sutras, " Sacred Books of the East,"
1857 : was left as Brig-General, in com- Vols, xxii, xlv Ausgewdhlte Erzdh- ;
mand of the whole force towards the end : lungen in Maharastri Das Ramayana ;
:
raised " Jacob's Rifles," two regiments of Mahabharata (statement of contents) ;
infantry, armed according to his own The Computation of Hindu Dates Dhvanya- ;
inventions died of brain fever on Dec.

: loka (translation) and the following (in ;
5, 1858 besides his

: great soldierly the Press), UpamitibhavaprapandraKatha
qualities, and able views on military Samaraichcha Kaha, and Samaraditya
matters, he was an advanced and active Samksepa contributed to the Zeitschrift
:
administrator, full of energy and ideas, der Deutschen Morgenldndischen Gesell-

imprinting his name and character strongly schaft, Indian Antiquary, etc.
on Sind, its ofi&cers and inhabitants he :
wrote largely on Sind and military ques- JACQUEMONT, VICTOR (1801-1832)

tions, and in defence of Outram.
A distinguished French botanist born :
at Paris, 'Aug. 8, 1801 : son of a writer

JACOB, SIR SAMUEL SWINTON on psychological speculations touared in :
(1841- )
Hayti and the United States, and, having
Born Jan. son of Col. W.
14, 1841 : early evinced a strong attachment to
Jacob, Bombay educated at
Artillery : natmral history, was, on his return, ap-
Cheam and Addiscombe entered the : pointed to a post in the Royal Museum
Bombay Artillery, 1858, and Indian Staff of Natural History at Paris. By Baron
Corps, 1862 Colonel, 1888
: served in : Cuvier's influence he was selected for a
P.W.D., Rajputana, and in Aden with scientific mission for 7 years to the East,
Field Force against Arabs, 1865-6 as its travelling naturalist, to investigate
services lent to the Jaipur State, 1867 : the Natural History of India in all its
branches, and collect materials for the liberality in the Rajputana famine of
museum : went to London, 1828 reached : 1868 G.C.S.I., 1866
: Member of the :
Pondicherry in April, 1829 then to : Governor-General's Legislative Council,

Calcutta through Upper India to Simla
: 1869-75 Member of the mixed Com-
:
in 1830 Ladak the frontiers of Ladak

: : mission which tried Malhar Rao, the
and Chinese Tartary Kashmir down to : : Gaekwar of Baroda, in 1875 made :
Poona : saw Ranjit Singh, Shah Shuja, the enlightened efforts to promote the welfare
Begam Samru, travelling for 3 J years ; of his subjects, supporting schools and
encountered difficulties and privations medical charities died Sep. 18, 1880. :
in his arduous labours, the fruits of which

have greatly enriched the science of Natural JAMES, HENRY EVAN SIR
History fell ill at Tanna, in Salsette
: :
MURCHISON (1846- )
died at Bombay, Dec. 7, 1832, after a I.C.S. : born 1846 son of William :
month's agony. His collections were Edward James educated at Durham

:
transmitted to Paris,described by Decaisne, school entered the Bombay Civil Service,

:
and the result published in 6 quarto 1865 retired

: in 1900 Postmaster- :
volumes. His letters, written in India to General, Bombay, 1875, and Bengal, 1880 :
his family, give a most vivid account of Director-General of the Post Office of
the botany of the N.W. Himalayas and India, 1886 Commissioner in Sind,
:
particularly of the social condition of 1891-1900 C.S.I., 1898 : K.C.I.E., 1901 : :
India in those days. His remains were author of The Long White Mountain ; or
exhumed from the Sonapur cemetery at Travels in Manchuria, 1889.
Bombay on Feb. 26, 1881, and taken to
France in the Laclocheterie man-of-war :
JAMES, RIGHT REV. JOHN THOMAS
a wreath on his coffin bore the legend (1786-1828)
" Voici le fleur que Victor Jacquemont a Bishop of Calcutta son of Dr. Thomas :
introduisit dans Bombay de la Cachemire, James, Headmaster of Rugby born Jan. :
et qui porte son nom Jacquemontia." 23, 1786 educated at Rugby, Charter-
:
house, Christ Church, Oxford Student and :
JAIPUR, MAHARAJA SAWAI SIR Tutor made a long tour through Europe
: :
MADHO SINGH BAHADUR, OF studied painting in Italy ordained, and, :
(1861- )
Vicar in Bedfordshire, 1816 was made :
Bishop of Calcutta in 1827 D.D.

head of the Kuchhwaha
:
Born 1 861 :
:
reached Calcutta in Jan. 1828: was taken

clan of Rajputs succeeded to the Raj, :
ill in June, and died, Aug. 22, 1828, on a

1880 organized a Transport Corps, 1890
: :
a wise and capable administrator of his

voyage to China for his health.
State and takes an interest in affairs of the JAMES, LIONEL (1871
British Empire a liberal contributor to
:
the Famine Fund for India, Transvaal

Born 1871 son of Lt-Colonel L.H.S.
:
War Fund, King Edward Hospital Fund :

James, R.A educated at Cranleigh
: :
Renter's Special Correspondent, in the

guest of the nation at the Coronation of
H.M. King Edward VII, 1902 G.C.S.I. :
Chitral campaign, 1894-5 Mohmand, ;
G.C.I.E. G.C.V.O.
:
Malakand and Tirah campaigns, 1897-8 ;
Soudan, 1898 Times Special Correspon-

:
dent in S. Africa, 1899-1901 author of

JAIPUR, MAHARAJA DHIRAJ SAWAI With the Chitral Relief Force, 1895 Indian
:
SIR RAM SING, OF (1833-1880) Frontier War, 1897-8.

;
A Rajput the solar line, claiming

of
descent from Rama
son of the Maharaja :
JAMES, SIR WILLIAM, BARONET
(1721-1783)
Jai Sing, on whose death he succeeded, in
1835 : during his minority a Council of Born of poor parents in 1721, and went
Regency of five nobles, under the superin- early to sea to the E. Indies, 1747
: :
tendence of the Political Agent, adminis- entered the naval service of the E. I. Co.,
tered the State Ram Sing did good : and distinguished himself against the
service during the mutiny, placing his pirate Angria made Commander of the
:
whole force at the disposal of the British Co.'s marine force, 175 1 captured :
Government received a grant of the

: Savandrug, the pirates' stronghold, 1753 :
pargana of Kot-Kassim : also showed and Gheria, on Feb. 13, 1756, with Admiral
Watson and Colonel Clive took to Bengal : bloodshed and cruelty, Jang Bahadur
the news of the French declaration of war, developed into an enlightened ruler it :
and helped Clive, enabling him to take was his pohcy to keep on good terms
Chandernagore, March, 1757 : returned with the English he visited England, :
to England in 1759, enriched with prize arriving in May, 1850, was the "lion of
money : joined the Board of Directors the London season": was knighted and
of the E. I. Co. Deputy-Chairman in 1778
: made G.C.B. he brought a force of :
and 1781 Chairman in 1779: Baronet,

. Gurkhas to our aid, rendering valuable
1778 was also M.P. for West Looe, and
: assistance in Oudh, in the mutiny of
for 15 years Deputy-Master of the Trinity 1857 G.C.S.I., 1873
: died at Purthur- :
House died Dec. 16, 1783

: his widow : ghatta on Feb. 25, 1877.
erected a tower on Shooter's Hill to his
memory.
JARDINE, SIR JOHN (1844-
JAMESON, SIR G. J. ( 1871) I.C.S. : born 1844 : son of William
Of the Bombay Infantry, which he Jardine : educated at
College, Christ's
entered, 1820 Lt-General, 1871: entered :
Cambridge Chancellor's Gold Medal for
:
the Bombay Audit Department, and, in English verse entered the Bombay Civil :
1848, became Deputy Military Auditor- Service, 1864 Political Officer in Kattia- :
General, and Military Auditor-General at war, 1871 Secretary for the trial of the
:
Bombay, 1853 in 1859, was President

:
Gaekwar of Baroda, 1875 Judicial Com- :
of the Military Finance Commission at missioner of Burma, 1878 Chief Secretary :
Calcutta: retired, i860: Auditor at the to Bombay Government, 1885 Fellow :
India Office, 1861-71, and Parliamentary of Bombay University, 1872, and Vice-
Auditor of Indian accounts K.C.S.I. : :
Chancellor, 1895 President of the :
died Oct. 24, 1871. Asiatic Society, Bombay Judge of :
Bombay High Coiurt, 1885 acted as :
JAMESON, WILLIAM (1815-1882) Chief Justice, 1895 retired, 1897. :
Born 1815 educated at Edinburgh

:
High School and University went into the : JARRETT, HANSON CHAMBERS
Bengal medical service Curator of the : TAYLOR (1836-1891)
museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal :
r Lt-Colonel in the Bengal Staff corps : :
Superintendent in 1842 of the Saharanpur

gained the V.C. in the mutiny, for daring
garden he vigorously promoted the culti-
:
bravery at the village of Baroun Oct. 14,
vation of tea in India, obtained plants
1858, when with four men he charged,
and distributed them, thus originating
under heavy fire, up a narrow street, to a
the commencement of the present tea-
building occupied by about seventy
planting industry retired in 1875 died :
:
sepoys Deputy Conservator of Forests
:
March 18, 1882.

in the Central Provinces died at Sagar :
on April 11, 1891.

JANG BAHADUR, KOONWAR RANA-
JI, MAHARAJA SIR (1816-
1877) JARRETT, HENRY SULLIVAN
(1839- )
Prime Minister of Nipal nephew of :
Mataber Sing, who was a high functionary Colonelborn June 17, 1839 son of
: :
in Bengal he acquiesced in the murder

: Thomas Jarrett educated at Prior :
of his uncle at the instigation of the Park, Bath joined the Indian Army, :
Queen-Regent in 1834, and was made by 1856 served in the mutiny, 1857-8 in
: ;
her C. in C. in the Nipalese Army. When the Mahsud-Waziri expedition, i860 the ;
the new Prime Minister was murdered by second Yusufzai expedition, as A.D.C. to
his enemies, Jang Bahadur seized and put Sir Neville Chamberlain Secretary and :
the ringleaders to death, and made himself Member, Board of Examiners, Fort
Prime Minister, 1846 he then turned : WilHam, Calcutta, and Assistant Secretary
out the Queen and the imbecile King, in the Legislative department of the
raised the heir-apparent to the throne, Government of India, 1870-94 CLE., :
and thus established himself without a 1895 : author of History of the Caliphs,.
rival. Having waded to power through Institutes of the Emperor Akbar, etc.
JASCHKE, HEINRICH AUGUST Puisne Judge of the Calcutta High Court,
(1817-1883) 1896-9 Chief Justice of the Bombay
:
Moravian missionary born at Herrn- :

High Court since 1899 K.C.LE., 1903. :
hut, May 17, 1817 trained at the Mor- :

JENKINS, SIR RICHARD (1786-1863)
avian College at Niesky, in Silesia, 1842-
I.C.S. son of Richard Jenkins
: born :
56 superintended the mission at Kyelang,

:
in Lahoul, in the W. Himalayas, 1856-68 :

Feb. 18, 1785 went out to Bombay in :
translated the New Testament into Tibetan

the E. I. Co.'s service in 1800 was an :
Assistant in the office of the Governor-

and collected materials for a Tibetan
wrote a Tibetan grammar General, and, in 1804-5, Assistant Political
Dictionary :
at Poona and Assistant Resident at Sindia's

and other works greatly assisted by :
Dr. A. C. Burnell {q.v.), brought out his

Court and acting Resident
: officiating :
Tibetan-German dictionary, 1873, and a Resident at Nagpur in 1807, and per-

revised edition of it for the India Office,
manently there from 1810 to 1827 he :
which greatly advanced the knowledge proposed to the Governor-General the

of Tibetan died Sep. 29, 1883.
:
suppression of the Pindaris in 1817, the :
troops of Appa Sahib, the Raja of Berar,

JEE, JOSEPH (1821-1899) attacked the British Residency troops at
Deputy Surgeon-General son of Chris- : Sitabaldi, Nov. 26-7 : Appa was de-
topher Preston Jee educated at London : throned, 181 8, and, during the minority
and Edinburgh Universities, and Paris of his successor, Jenkins governed Nag-
Assistant Surgeon in the ist Dragoons, pur retired in 1828
: was M.P. for :
1842 in the Persian war, 1857

: with : Shrewsbury, 1 830-1 and 1837-41 D.C.L. :
Havelock in the mutiny gained his V.C. : Oxford, 1834 G.C.B. in 1838 Chairman
: :
at the final capture of Lucknow was in : of the E. I. Co.'s Directors, 1839 died :
the Rohilkund campaign C.B. died : : Dec. 30, 1853.

March 17, 1899.
JENNINGS, ROBERT MELVILLE
JEFFREYS, JULIUS (1801-1877) (1841- )
Born 1841 entered Bengal Cavalry, :

Son the Rev. R. Jeffreys
of born :
1859, and became Maj-General, 1895, and

1801 studied medicine at Edinburgh
:
Lt-General, 1900 served on the N.W. :

and London entered the E. I. Co.'s
:
Frontier, 1863-4 Egyptian war, 1882 :

medical establishment in 1822 and, :
(Brevet-Colonel), and Hazara campaign,

after meteorological observations, recom-
1888 : C.B., 1896.
mended that hill stations should be formed
as health resorts, and suggested Simla as
JERDON, THOMAS CLAVERHILL
one, there being then only a single house (1811-1872)
there he had an inventive turn of mind,
:
proposed various chemical manufactures, Born 1811 : son of Archibald Jerdon

invented a respirator, and obtained joined the medical service in Madras,
patents for a number of inventions con- 1835 : 1864, and died June 12,
retired,
nected with ships F.R.S. and other :

1872 best known as a zoologist, by
: he is
learned Societies died May 13, 1877. :

his Illustrations of Indian Ornithology,
1844 Birds of India, 1862-4 ; Mammals of
;
JENKINS, SIR FRANCIS HOWELL India, 1867, which are standard works of
(1832- )
reference to this day.
Born 1832 Rev. David Jen-
: son of
kins educated at Marlborough
JEREMIE, VERY REV. JAMES
: entered
the Bengal Army, 1851 Colonel, 1879 :
:
:
AMIRAUX (1802-1872)
and retired in 1885 served in the mutiny :
Son of James
merchant Jeremie, :
of 1857, at the siege of Delhi : Umbeyla born April 12, 1802 educated at Elizabeth :
expedition, 1863 : Afghan war, 1878-80 :

College, Guernsey Blundell's School, ;
K.C.B., 1897. Tiverton Trinity College, Cambridge

; :
distinguished himself Fellow ordained, : :
JENKINS, SIR LAWRENCE HUGH 1830 Professor of Classical and General

:
(1858- )
Literature at the E. I. Co.'s College at
Born Dec. 22, 1858 son of Richard : Haileybury, 1830-50 Christian Advocate :
David Jenkins called to the bar, 1883

: : in the University, Cambridge, 1833-50
Dean at Haileybury, 1838 Regius Pro- : birthplace of the Parsi religion in India :
fessor of Divinity at Cambridge, 1850-70 : lived with his father-in-law in Bombay.

Dean of Lincoln, 1864-72 D.D. in : Realizing that large profits in trade could
1850 :D.C.L. in 1862 as Dean he pre- : only be made by deahngs with foreign
sided over the discipline of the College : countries, he visited China at the age of
though much liked, his sensitive and 16. He was twice taken prisoner by the
nervous temperament rendered him unsuc- French, but released. In 1807, after three
cessful as a disciplinarian he was excel- : voyages to China, he set up business in
lent as a classical lecturer and preacher : Bombay, and twenty years amassed a
in
of fastidious and refined taste. It was large fortune. He
gave away his wealth
written of him that his " laboiur at Hailey- liberally, founding hospitals, schools,
bury contributed in no slight measmre to refuges, and in other works of benevo-
the formation of that high and firm tone lence. In 1842 he was knighted. In
of character in the East Indian Civil 1855 he was presented with the freedom
Service, which was signally displayed of the City of London. In 1856 a statue
when the mutiny of 1857 broke out " : was erected to him in the Town Hall of
died June 11, 1872. Bombay. It was owing principally to his
munificence that the Causeway connecting
JEROME, HENRY EDWARD (1829- Bombay with Salsette was erected. In
1901) 1858 he was made a Baronet, the highest
honour ever conferred on a native of
Educated at Sandhurst
entered the :
India he died April 14, 1859.

:
86th regt., 1848 mutiny, at

: in the
Kalpi, part of his head was torn away :
at the captures of Chandairi and Jhansi,

JOHNSON, SIR ALLEN BAYARD
(1829-
and action of Koonch gained the V.C. :
)
Born May 1829 son of Sir H. A.

2, :
for gallantry at Jhansi, April 3, 1858, for
Johnson, Bart. educated at Winchester
saving a wounded officer under heavy
: :
entered the Bengal Army, 1846, and be-

fire, and for bravery on various occasions :
on the came General, 1892 Indian Staff Corps : :
in the Hazara expedition, 1868 :
served in the second Burmese war, 1853,

Staff, 1876-84 retired as Maj-General,
:
and Indian mutiny, 1857-8 in the :
1885 : died Feb. 25, 1901.

Jaunpur Field Force, at the capture of
JIJIBHAI, BYRAMJI (1821-1890) Lucknow, and with the Oudh Field
Force for many years in the Military
:
Son of Jijibhai born June Dadabhai :

Secretariat of the Government of India :
16, 1821 educated privately

: at 17 :
Military Secretary at the India Office,
became a member of Jijibhai Dadabhai, 1877-89 C.B., 1881
: K.C.B., 1889. :
Sons & Co. later became a broker to

:
several firms established the Royal

:
JOHNSON, SIR CHARLES COOPER
Spinning and Weaving Company : Member (1827- )
of the Board of Direction of several joint-

Born Dec. 20, 1827 General son of
stock Companies established, in 1870, a
: :
:
Fire Insurance Company kept aloof :

Sir Henry Allen Johnson, Bart. edu- :
from the speculation mania of 1864 cated at Addiscombe joined the Indian :
Additional Member of the Bombay Legis- Army, 1844 served in the Satlaj campaign,
:
lative Council, 1868 - 72 founded a :

1846 at Sobraon in the Indian mutiny,
: :
1857-58 at the siege of Lucknow in

Charity Fund, endowed Medical Schools : :
at Poona, Ahmadabad and Thana, called the Hazara campaign as Q.M.G., 1868 :
Brevet-Colonel and C.B. Q.M.G. of the
by his name promoted the Madrasa at
:
:
Army in India during the Afghan war,

Nowsari founded a Parsi girls' school
:
1878-80 K.C.B., 1881 : G.C.B., 1900.

contributed funds for the amelioration :
of the Parsis in Persia C.S.I, in 1875

died Sep. 1890.
: :
JOHNSON, RIGHT REV. EDWARD

RALPH, D.D. ? - ( )
JIJIBHAI, SIR JAMSETJI, BARONET Son of William Ponsonby Johnson

(1783-1869) educated at Rugby and Wadham Col-
Born July poor but respect-
15, 1783, of lege, Oxford : ordained 185 1 Minor :
.able parents, at Nowsari in Baroda, the Canon of Chester, 1861-6 : Rector of

Northenden, 1866-76 Archdeacon of : Minister, the second Earl. Watts died in
Chester, 1871-6 D.D., Oxford and : England. Mrs. Watts returned to Bengal,
Durham Bishop of Calcutta
: and 1769, and married (4th) June i, 1774, the
Metropolitan in India, 1876-98 dur- : Rev. William Johnson, a Chaplain of the
ing this time the Episcopate in India Presidency of Fort William he finally :
was extended from four to ten sees he : left India in Feb. 1788. She remained in
had a great capacity for administration, Calcutta till her death, Feb. 3, 1812 "the :
and devoted his attention largely to the oldest British resident in Bengal, univer-
organization of the Church in India, sally beloved, respected and revered."
establishing Provincial Episcopal Synods, The Governor-General and high officials
Diocesan Conferences and Councils, etc. attended her funeral. The Duke of
Welhngton talked ol having known her.
JOHNSON. SIR EDWIN BEAUMONT She " abounded in anecdote," " had a
(1825-1893) strong understanding " was known as :
Henry Allen Johnson, "the old Begam," dispensing a dignified

Son of Sir Bart. :
hospitality, her mansion being one of the

born July 4, 1825 educated at Addis- :
most popular rendezvous.

combe went to India in the Bengal
:
Artillery in 1842 rose to be Lt-General, :
and General, 1877 Colonel Commandant, :

JOHNSON, FRANCIS (1795-1876)
R.A., 1890 was in the Satlaj campaign,
: Born 1795 : learnt Arabic and San-
in the Artillery, at Firozshahr and Sobraon : skrit at Rome : Assistant Oriental Pro-
in the Pan jab campaign at Ramnagar, fessor at Haileybury, 1824, and Professor
Chihanwala, and Gujarat, and in the from 1823, teaching Sanskrit, Bengali and
pursuit of the Sikhs and Afghans Brevet- : Telugu brought out the third edition
:
Major was A.D.C. to the C. in C. in

: of Richardson's Persian-Arabic dictionary,
1855, and A.A.G. of Artillery in Oudh : 1829, and a new edition, greatly revised
in the mutiny was with Archdale Wilson and enlarged, in his own name, in 1852 :
at the actions on the Hindun and at Badli- which he

continued to revise was :
ka-Sarai, and at the siege and assault of strongest in Arabic edited the Gulistan :
Delhi at the siege and capture of Luck-

: in 1863 in Sanskrit he published the
:
now Brevet-Lt-Colonel
: C.B. Assist- : : Hitopadesa, selections from the Mahabhara-
ant Military Secretary for Indian affairs ta, and the Meghaduta, and assisted H. H.
at the. Horse Guards,' 1865 Q.M.G., in : Wilson (g.v.) in completing his Sanskrit
India, 1873 Member of the Council of
: grammar resigned his Professorship in
:
India, 1874 K.C.B., 1875 Military

: : 1855 : died at Hertford, Jan. 29, 1876.
Member of the Supreme Council in India,
1877-80 C.I.E., 1878 :Director-General : JOHNSTONE, CHARLES (1719 ?-1800 ?)
of Military Education at the War Office, Born in Limerick county about 1719 :
1884-6 G.C.B., 1887

: died June 18, :
educated at Dublin University called to :
1893. the bar took to literature

: wrote :
1760-5, a novel, Chrysal : or, the Adven-

JOHNSON, FRANCES (1725-1812) tures of a Guinea, which made a sensation :
Born April 10, 1725 daughter of Ed- :

werit to India in 1782, shipwrecked on the
ward Crook, Governor of Fort St. David :
way : at Calcutta acquired a fortune :
married, (ist) in 1738, Parry Purple became joint proprietor of a newspaper in
Templer (d. 1743) (2nd) James Altham, '•
Bengal, and contributed regularly to the
B.C.S. who died of smallpox, 12 days nom de plume of
periodical press under the
after the marriage (3rd) William Watts, :
Oneiropolos wrote other novels
: died :
Senior Member of Council, and appointed in 1800 in Calcutta, though the place of
Governor of Calcutta when he was Chief :
his death has been disputed.
of Murshidabad, in 1756, they were both
placed in custody, but protected by the
JOHNSTONE, SIR JAMES (1841-1895)
Nawab's mother, who sent Mrs. Watts to Born Feb. son of Dr. James
1841
9, :
Chandernagore and afterwards procured Johnstone, educated at the

F.R.C.P. :
Watts' release. Their eldest daughter, Birmingham Grammar School and Gos-
Amelia, married (1769) Charles Jenkinson, port entered the Bengal Army, 1858
: :
first Earl of Liverpool, father of the Prime Maj-General,i8Q4: in the Trans-Gogra force
in the mutiny, 1858-9 Bhutan : in the at the University of Munich : studied at

campaign, 1864-6 in charge of elephant
: Munich, Berlin and Leipzig his principal :
Kheddas in Orissa, 1868-74 Political : subjects were Comparative Philology,

Agent at Keonjhur during the rebellion, Oriental Languages and Jurisprudence
and in charge of the State for 3 years : Ph.D. became Privat-docent at the
:
Political Agent at Manipur, 1877 at the : University of Wiirzburg, Bavaria, 1872

head of the Manipur Army relieved Professor Extraordinary, 1877 Professor ;
Kohima, 1878, where 545 British subjects Ordinary (Sanskrit and Comparative
were besieged by 6,000 Nagas at assault : Philology), 1886 has visited England :
and capture of Khonoma Commissioner : frequently, to study Sanskrit MSS. in

in 1 88 1 for settling disputes on Bmrmese London to India, 1882-3 was Tagore
: :
frontier made a great march in 1886

: Law Professor at the University, Calcutta :
from Manipur and saved lives of Euro- had made the ancient legal literature of
peans employed in Upper Burma India his special study, and is recognized
K.C.S.I., in 1887 wrote at length to the
: as the leading authority on native Indian
newspapers in 1891, after the outbreak law his chief works as a Sanskritist
:
and troubles at Manipur died from a : are The Institutes of Narada (translated
:
fall from his horse on June 13, 1895, after from the Sanskrit), 1876 The Institutes ;
his retirement was a claimant to the

: of Vishnu (in the " Sacred Books of the
dormant Marquessate of Annandale. East "), 1880 Vishnusmriti, 1881 ; His- ;
tory of the Hindu Law, 1885 (Tagore Law

JOHNSTONE, JAMES HENRY Lectures) Naradasmriti, 1885-6
; Manu- ;
(1787-1851) tikasaingraha, 1885-90 Manava DharmU' ;
Entered the Navy in 1803 was at :

Sastra, 1887 Minor Law-Books, 1889 ;;
Trafalgar and variously employed on :

Recht und Sitte (in BUhler's Encyclopaedia
half-pay in 1815 went to Calcutta in :
of Indo-Aryan Research), 1896 Medicin ;
1817 obtained a ship and made voyages

:
(ibid), 1901 has written numerous :
was nominated to certain articles on Indian Philology in English

to England :
appointments which he never took up :

and German periodicals, besides other
establishing philological works assisted Sir R. West :
his proposals, in 1823, for
in the preparation of a new edition of
steam communication with India via the
Mediterranean and Red Sea, not accepted :
West and Biihler's Digest of the Hindu
Law, still to be published belongs to
took the Enterprise, a private steam- :
several learned Societies Corresponding is

vessel, from England round the Cape to
:
India, 1825 his scheme for establishing

:
Member of the R. Bavarian Academy of
Science, 1886, and of the R. Society of
steam navigation on the Ganges, in iron
controller of the Co.'s Science at Gottingen, 1904 Honorary :
vessels, accepted :
steamers, 1833-50 died on his voyage :

Member of the R. Asiatic Society, 1904,
etc.
home to retire. May 5, 1851.
JOHNSTONE, JAMES WILLIAM JONES, HENRY RICHMOND
DOUGLAS (1855- ) (1808-1880)
Born Aug. 30, 1855 son of Maj-General :
General : son of the Rev. Inigo Jones :
Henry Campbell Johnstone educated at :

bom 1808 : entered the Army in 1825 :
Edinbiurgh Academy and University :

commanded the 6th Dragoon Guards in
appointed to Panjab Education Depart- the Crimea in the mutiny commanded a
:
ment, 1877 transferred: to Foreign column in action, and a Brigade of cavalry

Department, Government of India, on at Bareli C.B. also under Sir Colin
: :
appointment as Headmaster, Mayo Col- Campbell at Dunderkera, and in the

lege, Ajmir Principal of the Daly College,
:
Trans-Gogra campaign, including several
Indore, 1885 Tutor of Maharaja Sindia,
:
actions and the pursuit of the rebels to
1890 Inspr-General of Education in
:
the Rapti became a General in i877 :
:
Gwalior State, 1894 Fellow of Allahabad :

died Oct. 7, 1880.
University.
JOLLY, JULIUS E. (1849- ) JONES, JOHN ( ? - ? )
Born Dec. 28, 1849, at Heidelberg son : Captain when the Bhutanese in 1772
:
of Philipp von Jolly, Professor of physics invaded and took possession of a large
9
226 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BICGBAPHY
portion of Cooch Behar, and carried off missioner, and later a Charity Com-
the Raja, the Cooch Behar family solicited missioner published Jones on Rent :
:
the aid of the Government of India, died at Haileybury, Jan. 26, 1855.
which was accorded Captain J ones was :
despatched with four companies of sepoys JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)

and two guns to drive back the Bhutanese.
He not only drove them back, but followed Youngest son of William Jones the
them into Bhutan and carried the three mathematician born Sep. 28, 1746 : :
forts of Dalimkote (April, i773)» Chicha- educated at Harrow, for more than ten
cottah and Passakha, pressing the Bhutan- years Scholar of University College,
:
ese so hard that they were compelled to Oxford, 1764 there began his studies in
:
invoke the aid of the Tibetan General at Oriental and other languages became :
Lhasa Jones soon after fell a sacrifice

:
tutor to young Lord Althorp Fellow of :
to the unwholesome climate of Cooch his College, 1766 M.A. in 1773 trans- : :
Behar. lated a life of Nadir Shah from Persian

into French, 1770 wrote a Persian :
grammar, 1771 translations of Poemsr :
JONES, SIR JOHN (1811-1878) and six books of commentaries on Asiatic

Born iBii entered the 5th foot regt.
: Poetry : F.R.S. in 1772, and Member of
in 1828, but exchanged into the 60th the Literary Club, 1773 called to the :
Rifles Lt-Colonel, 1854

: at Meerut in :
bar from the Middle Temple in 1774 was *
the mutiny of 1857 commanded his : a Commissioner of bankrupts, 1776 :
battalion at the Hindun, Badli-ka-sarai, published an Essay on the Law of Bail-

and the siege of Delhi led the left attack : :
ments, 1881 unsuccessful candidate for
:
Brigadier of the Rurki Field Force, in the Arabic Professorship at Oxford

the Rohilkund campaign, and at Bareli published a translation of the Arabic
his success gained for him the name of Moallakat appointed a Judge of the
:
" Avenger " in the subsequent campaign

: Supreme Court at Calcutta, 1783 knight- :
in Oudh C.B. Brevet-Lt-Colonel

: :
ed founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal
:
K.C.B. Maj-General, 1868

: Lt-General, :
in 1784 and was its President till his
1877 died Feb. 21, 1878.
: death contributed 29 papers to the first
:
four volumes of the Asiatic Researches,

JONES, JOHN FELIX ( ? -1878) translated the ordinances of the Hind :
lawgiver, Manu the Sakuntala of Kalidasu

Captain in the Indian Navy made :
:
the Gitagohinda of Jagadeva, the Hitopa-

charts of the Red Sea in the survey of :
desa of Pilpai, and some works on Muham-

Ceylon and Mesopotamia from 1843 was :
on the survey of the Tigris and Euphrates :

madan law he was the first English
:
scholar to know Sanskrit he studied

discovered the ancient Opis in 1850
:
every department of Oriental learning

mapped and wrote on Nineveh and sur-
rounding country and Bagdad, 1852-3 :
and and advanced them all
literature, :
Political Agent at Bagdad, 1854 in the :

he aimed making Eastern learning
at
Persian Gulf, 1855 served in the Persian:

known to the West. He was intimate
war and the mutiny then retired made : :
with Warren Hastings and his successors,
a map of Western Asia F.R.G.S. : :
and had their support. His judicial work
died Sep. 1878.
was also well performed he commenced :
3,
a digest of Hindu and Muhammadan law :
but is best known by the results of his

JONES, REV. RICHARD (1790-1855)
literary labours. He overtaxed his strength,
Born 1790 son of a solicitor at Tun-
:
and died, April 27, 1794. A monument
bridge Wells educated at Caius College,
:
was erected to him in St. Paul's Cathedral.
Cambridge ordained, 1819
: performed :
His scholarship was of world-wide renown,
ministerial duties for some years in Kent " and his memory is dearly cherished by
and Sussex : appointed, in 1833, Professor all Oriental scholars."
of Political Economy and History at
King's College, London, and in 1835 at
Haileybury co-operated in forming the
:
JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1808-1890)
scheme of comparison for the commuta- Born t8o8 son of William Jones
: :
tion of tithes, and became Tithes Com- educated at Sandhurst entered the 60th :
regt. in 1825 and became a General in
:
JOYNER, ROBERT BATSON 1844-
(
)
1877 was with his regt. in the Panjab
:
Born March i, 1844 son of H. St. John

campaign of 1848-9 at the Chenab, :
:
Joyner educated privately entered

Sadulapur, Chihanwala, Gujarat and the : :
the Bombay P.W.D. 1868 emploved

pursuit to the Khyber C.B. commanded : :
:
in Irrigation Works in Belgaum, Dharwar

a Brigade at the siege of Delhi, and led a
and S. Mahratta country Superintending :
storming party on Sep. 24, 1857 was in :
Engineer of Sind, 1891 Superintending :
charge, after Nicholson's death, during
Engineer South, and Central, Division,
the street fighting K. C.B. , 1869 G.C.B., : :
Bombay, 1893 and 1896 CLE., 1898, for :
1886 died April 8, 1890.
:
Famine Relief Work, 1896-8 author of :
Reports on Indian Irrigation and Indian

JONES, WILLIAM BRITTAIN Famines.
(1834- )
I.C.S. : son of Rev. W. Jones : educated JUDSON, REV. ADONIRAM, D.D.

at •Ûniversity London College,
called : (1788-1850)
tolthe bar from the Inner Temple entered :
Missionary born at Maiden, Massa-

the Bengal Civil Service, 1856 Resident :
:
chusetts, Aug. 9, 1788 son of a Congre-

at Hyderabad, 1882-3 Chief Commis- =
:
gational minister educated at the Brown

:
sioner of Central Provinces, 1883-4 :
University and Andover Theological

retired, 1885 C.S.I., 1883. :
Seminary attracted, by reading a sermon

:
of Dr. Claudius Buchanan {q.v.), to mission-

JONES-VAUGHAN, HUGH THOMAS ary work in India sent by the American:
(1841- ) Board of Commissioners for Foreign

Missions to India, 1812 ordered by the
Born 1841 : son of Canon Jones :
:
educated
Bengal Government to leave Calcutta,
at Sandhurst : passed Staff
went vid Mauritius to Madras and Rangoon
College, 1871 served in the Indian :
in July, 1813 preached to the Burmese

mutiny, 1857-8, actions of Chanda,
:
:
Amirpur and Sultanpur, final siege and went up to Ava, estabhshed schools
taken prisoner on outbreak of first Bur-
capture of Lucknow Afghan war, 1878- :
80, as Brig-Major of ist Division of Pesha-

mese war imprisoned at Oungpenla for
:
war Field Force capture of Ali Masjid :

19 months, cruelly treated, released on the
:
conclusion of peace in 1826 published

Brig-Major in the Zaimusht expedition :
:
a Burmese-English dictionary in 1826

Brevet-Lt-Colonel A.A.G., Western Dis- :
:
1887-92
and a Burmese grammar translated the :
trict, Maj-General, 1899 : :
Bible into Burmese, 1835, revised, 1840

General Officer commanding troops Straits :
Settlements
went to Amherst and Moulmain visited :
C.B. :
America in 1845, enthusiastically received :
returned to Moulmain unable to complete :
JOSHI, ANANDIBAI (1865-1887) his larger Burmese dictionary died at :
Born March, 1865 daughter of Gan- :

sea on April 12, 1850, on a voyage to the
patrao Amritaswar Joshi of Kalyan Isle of Bourbon for his health thrice :
given the name "Jamuna": learnt married the first Mrs. Judson wrote
:
Sanskrit married, 1874, to Gopal Vinayek

:
A Burman Mission Colonel
History of the :
Joshi, in the Postal Department took :

Sir H. M. Durand wrote an article on
to the study of medicine left her husband :
Judson as " The Apostle of Burma," in
in Calcutta and went in 1883 to England vol. xiv, number 28, of the Calcutta Review.
and America, to Mrs. Carpenter in N.
Jersey instructed at the Women's Medical
:
JUDSON, ANN HASSELTINE
College in Philadelphia gained a scholar- :
(1789-1826).
ship took her degree as Doctor of Medicine
:
there, 1886 appointed Resident Physician

: Missionary born Dec. : 22, 1789,
to the female ward of the Albert Edward at Bradford, Massachusetts daughter :
Hospital, Kolapur her health failed, and : of John and Rebecca Hasseltine educated :
she died of consumption at Poona, Feb. at Bradford : joined the Congregational

27, 1887 her body was burnt, and the
: Church there, 1806, and taught a school
ashes sent to America to be buried there. in several places : married Adoniram
Judson {q.v.) Feb. 5. 1812 went with him : Fateh Khan, the Barakzai wazir of Afghan-
and other Missionaries to work, arriving at istan, blindedhim and then killed him :
Calcutta, June, 1812 resided at Seram- : he succeeded his father, when murdered
pur with Dr. W. Carey {q.v.) sum- : in 1829, as ruler of Herat. He was cruel
moned by the Government to Calcutta, and and dissipated, and would have given up
peremptorily ordered to leave India Herat to the Persians : but his wazir and
they went to the Isle of France, thence to the presence of Eldred Pottinger during
Rangoon, July, 1813 Mrs. Judson went : the siege of Herat, from Nov. 1837, to Sep.
to England and the United States, 1822 1838, prevented him. A treaty, dated
at Washington, her advice was taken by Aug. 13, 1839, was negotiated on behalf of
the Baptists respecting the Burmese the Governor-General by Major E. D'Arcy
Mission :she published her History of the Todd, envoy to Herat, with Kamran
Burmese Mission : returned to Rangoon, Shah, who opened treacherous correspond-
1823, and joined her husband at Ava : ence with Persia Todd's subsequent
:
where he and other Missionaries were taken action was disapproved by Lord Auck-
prisoners in the first Burmese war she
: land. Kamran was strangled in 1842 by
underwent terrible sufferings, " but by her his minister Yar Mahomed Khan Alakozai.
eloquent and forcible appeals" procured
their release still she persevered with the
:
K APUR, RAJA BAN BIH ARI (1853- )
Mission to the Burmese she died of :
violent fever, Oct. 24, 1826.

Born Nov.11,1853 adopted asason by:
the third brother of Maharaja Mahtab

Chand Bahadur (g.f.)of Burdwan on Aug.
KABRAJI, KAIKHUSRU NAOROJI 31, 1856 appointed Vice-President of the
:
(1842-1904) Burdwan Raj Council, 1879 Member of the =
Bengal Legislative Council, Jan. 1885 :

Born Aug. 21, 1842, at Bombay:
in the same year joint Manager of the
descended from a Surat family son of :
Burdwan Raj and sole Manager in 1891

: :
Naoroji Kabraji educated in the Jamsetji
:
given the title of Raja as a personal dis-

Jijibhai school took to Journalism,
:
tinction,Jan. 1893 C.S.I. Jan. 1903
: , :
1858 :became editor of the Parsi Mitra :
again Member
of the Bengal Legislative
joined the Rast Goftar, as sub-editor,
Council, Jan. 1905 the late Maharaja
:
and editor, 1863-1902 making the :
Aftab Chand Bahadur married his sister,

paper an instrument for social reform in
and she adopted Raja Ban Bihari's son,
the whole native community was Fellow :
Bijoy, the present Maharaja Bahadur.

of the Bombay University, 1882 Secre- :
tary of the Guzarati Society for the Diffus-

ion of Knowledge, 1880, lecturing for it :
KAPURTHALA, KUNWAR SIR HAR-
Secretary of the Sir Dinshaw Petit Gym- NAM SINGH, OF (1851- )
nastic Institution, 1867-75 supported :

Born Nov. 15, 1851 son of Raja Sir :
female education, founding girls' schools :

Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala,
an active member of the Bombay Municipal G. C.S.I :educated at Kapurthala man- :
Corporation, 1 882-1904 a warm champion :

aged the Kapurthala estates for 18 5êars :
of British rule in India, and a moderate Hon. Life Secretary of the B.I. Association
critic :to England in 1900, and was made of Talukdars of Oudh Fellow of the :
a member of the British Institute of Pan jab University Member of the

:
Journalists on the fiftieth anniversary

:
Panjab Legislative Council, 1900-2 :
of his paper, Nov, 1901, was specially K.C.I.E., and Member of the
1899 :
congratulated on his editorship retired :

from it 1902 died April, 1904 raised the
: :
resigned all claims to the succession to
tone of the vernacular Press in W. India :
the State by becoming a Christian guest :
also wrote a number of novels dealing of the nation at the Coronation, 1902.
mostly with Parsi social life.
KAMRAN SHAH, ABDALI or DURANI KAPURTHALA, RAJA SIR JAGATJIT

( ? -1842) SINGH, BAHADUR, OF (1872- )
Son of Mahmud Shah, grandson of Succeeded his father. Raja Kharak

Timur Shah, and great-grandson of Ahmad Singh, Sep. 5, 1877 : K.C.S.I. in 1897 ::
Shah Abdali, ruler of Afghanistan: he seized has visited England.

KAPURTHALA, RAJA SIR RANDHIR Court of Dost Muhammad Khan (the

SINGH, OP (1831-1870) Sirdar, afterwards Amir) at Kabul went :
up there via Ludiana maintained friend- :
Born March, 1831 : succeeded

his
ship with C. M. Wade {q.v.), the A.G.G.
father, Nihal Singh, Sep. 1852. In
13,
at Ludiana much esteemed at Dost
:
the mutiny he volunteered his assistance, Muhammad's Court reported to the :
first at Jalandhar, and, later, marched

Indian Government the intrigues of the
to Oudh at the head of a mixed force :
Russians and French at Kabul, and advised
he was engaged there for 10 months, was a definite understanding with the Sirdar,
in several actions against the rebels near
who was then anxious to unite himself to
Cawnpur and Lucknow, showing great England. Karamat Ali was recalled from
bravery. In 1864 he was made K. C.S.I,
Kabul in 1835 and in 1837, appointed
:
was rewarded with estates confiscated Superintendent (mutawali) of the Hughli

from rebels, and received the right of Imambara where he remained till his
:
adoption. He died near Aden on April death in 1876 had great influence with
:
2» 1870, on a visit to Europe his body :

the Muhammadans much respected by :
was taken back to India. the highest European officers. His pre-
dictions of the conduct of Russia toward
Persia, the Khanates and Afghanistan,
KARAKA, DOSABHAI FRAMJI remarkably A
have proved accurate.
(1829-1902)
longer account of his career has been given
Born May 8, 1829, educated at the in Syad Ameer All's article on *• England
Elphinstone Institution edited the lam-
:
and (Russia in Afghanistan" in the
i-Jamshid, Gujarati newspaper, for 5 years Nineteenth Century for May, 1905.
and became manager of the Bombay
Times under Dr. Buist was made Censor
:
of the Native Press at Bombay during the KARKARIA, RUSTOMJI PESTONJI

mutiny wrote The Company's Raj con-
:
(1869- )
trasted with its Predecessors went to : Born at Bombay,

16, 1869 May :
England 1858-9, wrote there The Parsis :

educated at St. Xavier's School and College
their History, Manners, Customs, and B.A., 1888 Senior Fellow Asst. Professor
: :
Religion republished, 1884

: in 1859 : of English and History, 1891 Examiner :
was Assessor to the Bombay Municipality : to the Bombay University in History,

Income Tax Assessor for 4 years Presi- : Geography, Logic, Moral Philosophy,
dency Magistrate in Bombay Licence : Political Economy helped to found, :
Tax Ofiicer and Income Tax Collector in 1896, the Collegiate Institution became :
1869 : Presidency
again Magistrate :
its Principal and Professor of English
Sheriff of Bombay, 1872 a Chief Presi- : Literature his action in obtaining the
:
dency Magistrate, 1874: J.P. in 1875 : recognition of private colleges led partly
Chairman of the Bombay Corporation : to the Universities Act of 1904 Fellow :
C.S.I., 1877 in the Bombay Legislative

: of the Royal Historical Society, 1898 :
Council acted as Collector of Bombay

: : M.R.A.S. Bombay, 1888 M.R.A.S. Great :
Fellow of the Bombay University Britain 1900 Member of the American

:
resigned the service, 1887 died March : Oriental Society, 1897 has contributed ••
17. 1902. papers to many Journals of Societies, also

to the Anglo-Indian and English news-
papers on Indian subjects discovered and :
KARAMAT ALI, SYAD (1796-1876)

published Carlyle's Lectures on European
Born at Jaunpur, N.W.P of a family : Literature, with notes author of works on ;
descended from the Prophet left home : Indian History and Politics, Sivaji,
at 18, in quest of knowledge, spent 2 Akbar, Essays on English History, India

years at Lucknow, 10 in Persia travelled : under Victoria, on the Native Press,
widely in Persia and Turkistan accom- : translated the Parsi Sacred Book, the
panied A. ConoUy on his journey to India Dinkard : served on Committees of the
through Afghanistan and saved his life Parsi community to consider questions of
in that country chiefly on Conolly's
: Religious Education, of Social Ameliora-
recommendation, was appointed repre- tion, of admitting proselytes, and other
sentative of the Indian Government at the subjects on which he has written largely.
KASHMIR, MAHARAJA GOLAB went forth from the beleaguered Residency,
SINGH OF -1857) ( ? and passing through a city thronged with
merciless enemies, triumphantly guided
A horseman in a cavalry troop of Ranjit Sir Colin Campbell on his way to the
Singh obtained an independent
relief of the garrison "
iq.v.) :
he conveyed in- :
command, and for good service received

formation from Sir J. Outram, of the
from Ranjit the principality of Jammu :
greatest value to Sir Colin Campbell

resided there and extended his authority
he wrote How I Won the Victoria Cross,
into Ladak was elected minister of the
:
which he was awarded for his bravery :
Sikh Khalsa: after Sobraon used his

he was given an appointment in the Oudh
influence in favour of friendly relations
Commission and rose to be Deputy Com-
with the British, who sold Kashmir to he died about 1883.
missioner :
him, after the treaty of Lahore, 1846, and

made a separate treaty with him he :
maintained very amicable relations with

KAY, REV. WILLIAM (1820-1886)
the British Government, and had just Son of Thomas Kay born April 8, :
arranged to furnish a strong auxiliary 1820 educated at Giggleswick and

:
force for ;the suppression of the mutiny Lincoln College, Oxford Scholar, Fel- :
in the N.W.P., when he died of fever, Aug. low and Tutor Pusey and Ellerton :
2, 1857. Hebrew Scholar ordained 1843 B.D.,

: :
1849: D.D., 1855: Principal of Bishop's

KASHMIR, MAHARAJA PARTAB College, Calcutta, 1849-65, where he
SINGH SADAR MAHINDAR exerted much influence received a :
BAHADUR (1850- ) College living at Great Leigh's. Essex

Son of Maharaja Ranbir Singh {q.v.), Hon. Canon of St. Albans: was one of the
and grandson of Maharaja Golab Singh revisers of the Old Testament in 1870,
iq.v.) : born, 1850 succeeded his father,
:
and devoted his life to his parish and to
Sep.' 12, 1885, as Maharaja of Kashmir critical and learned works on the Scrip-
and Jammu : G.C.S.I., 1892 : Maj- tures he died Jan. 16, 1886.
:
General in the Army and Honry. Colonel,

37th Dogras. KAYE, SIR JOHN WILLIAM
(1814-1876)
KASHMIR, MAHARAJA RANBIR Born 1814 : son of Charles Kaye,
SINGH, OF (1832?-1885)
solicitor to the Bank of .'England : educated
Succeeded his father, the Maharaja at Eton and Addiscombe went out to :
Golab Singh, in 1857 and supplied a con- India in the Bengal Artillery, 1832-3 :
tingent of troops to co-operate with the retired from the Army, 1841, to adopt a
British forces against Delhi : was given literary career established the Calcutta
:
an adoption sanad in 1862 K.C.S.I., : Review in 1844 edited the first 5 numbers,
;
1861 G.C.S.I., 1866

: made a Commer- : and wrote 47 articles in the first 50 num-
cial Treaty with the Viceroy and Governor- bers returned to England, 1845
: in :
General for the purpose of developing 1856 entered the Home Civil Service of
trade with Eastern Turkistan, in May, the E. I. Co. and in 1858 succeeded J. S.
:
1870 he reduced all transit duties

: Mill as Secretary in the Political and
through his territories his maladministra- : Secret Department at the India Office :
tion, especially in connexion with the K.C.S.I., 1871 retired, 1874 was F.R.S. :
: :
famine in his country in 1879, attracted died July 24, 1876. He wrote his History
the attention of the Government of India :
of the War in Afghanistan, 1851 the ;
died, Sep. 12, 1885. A dministration of the East India Company,

1853 the Life and Correspondence of Lord
;
KAVANAGH, THOMAS HENRY Metcalfe, 1854 of Henry St. George Tucker,

;
? -1883)
(
1854 also of Sir John Malcolm, 1856 ;
;
A clerk in one of the civil offices in Luck- Christianity in India, 1859 The History ;
now, who, volunteering in disguise, " on of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-8, 1864-
the night of Nov. 9, 1857," as is recorded 76 :Lives of Indian Officers, 1867 besides :
in the memorial to him in the church at editing Buckle's Memoirs of the Services
Lucknow, " with the devotion of an ancient of the Bengal Artillery, 1852 Tucker's ;
Roman hero, taking his life in his hand. Memorials of Indian Government, 1853,
and Taylor's People of India, 1868 also : through the breach, under heavy cross
contributed largely to periodical literature, and led into the fort twice severely
fire, :
such as " Writings of an Optimist " etc. wounded success mainly due to him : :
commanded irregular troops in Satpura

KEANE, JOHN, FIRST BARON hills,1858-9, against insurgents : joined
(1781-1844) Brig. Parke's Brigade in the pursuit of
Born Feb. second son of Sir 6, 1781 :
Tantia Topi Political Agent in Malwa, :
John Keane, in the 44th regt. inBart. :

1857 : in Nimar, i860 at Gwalior, 1862- :
1799 A.D.C. to Lord Cavan in Egypt

: :
3 : and Kattiawar, 1863-7 : took the
commanded the 13th regt. at the capture field against rebel Wagheers in Kattiawar,
of Martinique, 1809 was in the Peninsula :
1865-6 Governor-General's Agent in
:
in several engagements frotn 1813 : Maj- Rajputana, 1867-70 acting Chief Com- :
General, 1814 K.C.B., 1815 in the : :

missioner, Central Provinces, 1870-2 :
landing and attack of New Orleans, 1814- the first Chief Commissioner of Assam,
5 commanded the troops in Jamaica,
:
1874-8 C.S.L, 1866 died May 25* 1904-
: :
1823-30 : C. in C. at Bombay from July

2, in 1838 com-
1834, to Feb, 14, 1840 :
KEEN, SIR F. J. (1843-1902)
manded the Bombay Division of the Colonel joined the 35th Bengal N.I., :
Army of the Indus under Sir H. Fane 1854 in the mutiny, at the siege and
:
iq.v.) ordered to Sind

: given the com- : capture of Delhi, rehef of Lucknow showed ;
mand of both the Bengal and Bombay great gallantry at the storming of the
columns advancing into Afghanistan via Sikandrabagh, at the battle of Cawnpur,
Quetta and Kandahar tookGhazni, July : capture of Lucknow at Bareli and other :
23> 1839 occupied Kabul, Aug. 7, 1839

: : actions retired, 1892
: K.C.B., 1900 : :
in Oct. 1839, the Army of the Indus being died June 25, 1902.
dispersed, Keane returned to England
via Lahore G.C.B. made Baron Keane: :
KEENE, REV. HENRY GEORGE
of Ghazni in Dec. 1839 died Aug. 26, :
(1781-1864)
1844. son of Thomas Keene born Sep.
I.C.S. : :
30, 1781 educated privately went out to

: :
KEARY, HENRY D'URBAN (1857- )

the Indian Army, 1798 was in the siege of :
Born April 28, 1857 : Lt- Colonel : son of Seringapatam, May 4, i799 transferred '•
Hall William Keary educated at Marl- : to Madras Civil Service, by influence of

borough joined the Indian Staff Corps,
: his uncle. Harris {q.v.) passed Lord :
1876 served in Afghan war, 1879-80

: : through the College of Fort William,
Burmese campaign, 1885-6 : commanded Calcutta served in Madras, but resigned
:
a Military Police Battalion in Burma, his appointment in 181 1 graduated at :
Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, in

1887-92 : Northern Chin Hills, 1892-
China, 1901
::, : Lt-Colonel, 1903 : D.S.O., 1815 resigned the Indian Civil Service
:
1900. and was ordained in 1817 became Pro- :
fessor of Arabic and Persian at Haileybury

KEATINGE, RICHARD HARTE in 1824, and Registrar resigned his Pro- :
(1825-1904) fessorship in 1834 edited some Persian :
works died Jan. 29, 1864.

:
General born June 17, 1825: son of :
Right Hon. Richard Keatinge, Judge

of the Court of Probate, Ireland educated :
KEENE, HENRY, GEORGE (1827- )
privately entered the Bombay Artillery,

: Son of Rev. Professor Keene
I.C.S. :
:
1842 Maj-Geheral, 1884

: General, 1894 : : educated at Rugby, Oxford, and Hailey-
Assistant Superintendent, Nimar, 1847 : bury entered the Indian Civil Service,
:
served through the Indian mutiny dis- : 1847 served in N.W. Provinces and retired
:
armed the Asirghar garrison Political : in 1882 Fellow of Calcutta University

:
:
Officer with the Mhow force and the ist CLE. 1882 author of Fall of the Mogul :
Brigade, Central India Field Force : Empire, 1876; Madhava Rao Sindia, 1892 ;
at the siege of Dhar, and battle of Mand- History of India, 1898 ^ Servant oflohn ;
iswar with the Bombay Artillery at the

: Company edited Oriental Biographical
:
siege of Chandairi gained the V.C, March : Dictionary contributed articles to Diction-
17, 1858 : he voluntarily led the column ary of Natwnal Biography.
KEIGHLEY, CHARLES MARSH KELLOGG, SAMUEL H. (1839-1899)
(1847- )
Born Westhampton, N.Y., Sep. 6,
in
Born 1847 entered the Army, 1867,
:
1839 : graduated from Princeton Seminary,
and became Lt-Colonel, 1897 served in :
1864 : to India as a Missionary, 1864,
the Afghan war, 1878-9: Mahsud- Waziri sentby the American Presbyterian Board :
expedition, 1 88 1 Hazara expedition, 1888

: :
became Instructor in the Theological
Training School at Allahabad, 1872 a
D.S.O.. 1889 : N.W. Frontier, 1897-8 :
:
C.B., 1898. corresponding member of the American

Oriental Society returned home, 1876
: :
D.D. at Princeton, 1877 Pastor of a

KEITH-FALCONER, HON. ION GRANT
••
Presbyterian Church at Pittsbmrg, 1877,

NEVILLE_( 1866-1887)
and at Toronto, 1886-92 lectured, 1879, :
Born July 5, 1856, third son of the Earl on Comparative Rehgion in the Western
of Kintore educated at Cheam, Harrow,
: Theological Seminary returned to India, :
and Trinity College, Cambridge studied : 1892, on behalf of the North India and
Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic gained the : British and Foreign Bible Societies, to
Tyxwhitt University Hebrew Scholarship join a committee for translating the Old
and a first-class in the Semitic Languages Testament into Hindi died May 3, 1899 : :
tripos : came under the influence of wrote Grammar of the Hindi Language,
:
General C. G. Gordon {q.v.) R.E. in 1880- 1876 ;The Light of Asia, and The Light
1: studied Arabic at Assiout on the of the World, 1885.
Nile, 1 88 1-2 was University Examiner
:
in 1883-4 determined to go to Aden as

:
KELLY, JAMES GRAVES (1843- )
Missionary to the Arabs went out for :
Born 1843 entered the Army, 1863,

6 months to Aden experimentally, 1885-6
:
:
was formally appointed on May 26, 1886, and became Colonel, 1895 served in :
by the General Assembly of the Free Hazara expedition, 1891 Miranzai ex- :
pedition, 1 891: Chitral expedition, 1895

Church of Scotland to found and carry
:
on a Mission to the Arab Muhammadans :

Brevet -Colonel and C.B.
he was appointed Lord Almoner's Pro-
fessor of Arabic at Cambridge in 1886 : KELLY, SIR RICHARD DENIS
went to Aden again, Dec. 1886 lived in :
(1815-1897)
a temporary abode at Sheikh Othman, nine Entered the Army, 1834 son of Colonel :
miles inland from Aden, to learn Somali :

Kelly served in the Crimea
: taken :
he soon suffered from fever and yielded to prisoner when wounded in the mutiny :
successive attacks, dying on May 11, 1887. commanded the 34th regt. in the actions at
The Keith-Falconer Mission has since Cawnpur, capture of Lucknow and relief
continued there. He translated the of Azimghar commanded a column in
:
Syriac version of the Fables of Bidpai Oudh in 1858-g, and a Field Force in
1885. He was also a great cyclist :
1859, and on the Nipal frontier C.B., :
and performed a number of feats, breaking 1858 :K.C.B., i860 retired, 1864 Maj- : :
previous records of time and distance General, 1868 General, 1880

: died July :
he was President of the London Bicycle 2, 1897.

Club, 1877-86.
KEMBALL, SIR ARNOLD BURROWES
KELLNER, SIR GEORGE WELSH (1820- )
(1825-1886) Born Nov. 1820 son of T. Kemball

18, :
Educated at the Parental Academy, Political Officer educated at Addiscombe

:
now the Doveton College, Calcutta : joined the Bombay Artillery, 1837
entered the service of the Indian Govern- served in the first Afghan war, 1838-9
ment, 1841: was Inspr-General of Accounts, at Ghazni and Kabul Assistant Resident :
1866-70 Military Accountant-General,

: at Bushire, 1842 Political Resident, :
1871-77 Financial Commissioner and

: Persian Gulf, 1852 Consul-General, :
Member of Council, Cyprus, 1878-83 : Bagdad, and Political Agent, Turkish

Assistant Paymaster-General in the Court Arabia, 1855-73 in the Persian war,
:
of Chancery, 1884: K.C.M.G. 1879: 1857, at Ahwaz and Muhamra C.B. : :
C.S.I. died June 10, 1886.

: and Brevet-Major on the Turko-Persian :
Boundary Commission, 1873 Military '•
British Empire series (India), "Anglo-
Attache with the Turkish Army in the Indian Novelists and Hinduism," the
Russo-Turkish war, 1876-77 K.C.S.I., :
" Tendencies of Hinduism," and other
1866 :K.C.B., 1878 General, 1880. : articles on Indian Religions and Indian
Education in The East and the West, the
KEMBALL, GEORGE VERB (1859- ) Asiatic Quarterly Review, etc. : lectiures
Born Oct. 1859 son of Maj-General :

on India at University College, London.
J. S. Kemball educated at Harrow : :
joined R.A., 1878 and became Lt- :

KENNEDY, JOHN PITT (1796-1879)
Colonel, 1901 served in Afghan war, : Son of John born Pitt Kennedy :
1879-80 Chitral Relief Force, 1895

: : May 1796
8, educated at Foyle College,
:
Brevet-Major N.W. Frontier, 1897-8 : : Londonderry, and the R.M.A., Woolwich,

West Africa, 1901 commanded Kano- : entering the R.E. in 1815 became Secre- :
Sakoto expedition, 1903 C.B.: D.S.O., : tary and Director of Public Works in
1902 :Brig-General, West African Field Cephalonia, 1822-8, under Sir Charles
Force. Napier devoted himself to Irish agricul-
:
ture and education Secretary to the :
KENNAWAY, SIR JOHN, BARONET Devon Commission and the Famine Relief
(1758-1836) Committee : was Military Secretary to
Political son of William Kennaway
: : Sir Charles Napier when C. in C. in India,
born March 1858 educated at Exeter
6, : 1849-50 at the forcing of the Kohat
:
Grammar School entered the E. I. Co.'s :

Pass, 1850 made the Kennedy Road
:
military service in 1772 wrecked at the :

from Simla towards Tibet Consulting :
mouth of the Ganges in 178 1 he was :

Engineer to Government for Railways :
Persian Secretary to Col. T. D. Pearse, retired in 1852 Lt-Colonel managing : :
commanding the force sent from Bengal Director of the Bombay, Baroda and
to the Carnatic Captain in 1781 served : :
Central India Railway, surveying the line,
under Sir Eyre Coote against Hyder in 1853-4 died June 28, 1879
: wrote :
the Carnatic in subsequent campaigns

:
extensively on Irish and Indian subjects.
up to 1786 then became A.D.C to Lord
:
Cornwallis, who sent him in 1788 to insist KENNEDY, SIR MICHAEL KAVA-
on the cession of the Guntur Sircar, as NAGH (1824-1898)
agreed xipon, and to make a treaty of General : born April 28, 1824 son of :
July, 1790, with the Nizam Baronet, in :

G. M. Kennedy educated at Addis-
:
179 1 : he also made the treaty of Sering- combe entered the E. I. Co.'s service in
:
apatam, of March 1792, with Tippoo the Engineers in Bombay, 1841 Lt- :
he was the first Resident at Hyderabad Colonel, 1861 Secretary to the Govern-:
from April 28, 1788 retired to England in :

ment of Bombay in the P.W.D., 1863 :
1794 : died Jan. i, 1836. K. C.S.I, for services during the famine,
1876-8, in Bombay and Madras Durector- :
KENNEDY, JAMES (1842 General of transport during the Afghan

I.C.S. : born 1842 son of Rev. J.
: war of 1879-80 in the operations round :
Kennedy, M.A., missionary in Benares Kabul in Dec. 1879 retired at end of :
and Kumaon, and minister of Portobello, 1880 after the campaign Colonel Com- :
Scotland educated at Edinburgh High

: mandant R.E., 1891 died Feb. i, 1898. :
School and University went out to :
India, 1863 : retired, 1890 : Magistrate KENNEDY, VANS (1784-1846)

and Collector of several districts in the Son Robert Kennedy
of born 1784 : :
United Provinces Honorary Treasurer : educated at Edinburgh, Berkhamsted,

of the Royal Asiatic Society and Member Monmouth went to Bombay in the
:
of the Bishop of London's Diocesan Con- E. I. Co.'s military service in 1800 studied :
ference has written, " Early Commerce

: languages, and became Persian interpreter
of Babylon and India," " Buddhist Gnosti- to the Peshwa's subsidiary force at
cism," " The System of Basilides " and Sirur, 1807 Judge-Advocate-General to
:
other articles inthe I. R.A.S the " Mediae- : the Bombay Army, 1817-35 Oriental =
val History of India," in the Imperial Translator to the Bombay Government,

Gazetteer History of the N.W. P. in the
: 1835-46 became a Maj-General was a
: :
great student published a Mahratti dic-
: KERR, FREDERIC WALTER
tionary wrote on questions connected
: (1867- )
with languages and mythology, and on Born May 20, 1867 son of Admiral :
military law, e.g. the Ancient Chronology Lord Frederic H. Kerr educated at :
and History of Persia Researches into the ;

Charterhouse joined the Army, 1886 : :
Origin and Affinity of the Principal Lan- served as Adjutant Gordon Highlanders
guages of Asia and Europe also on ;
D.S.O.
in Chitral Relief expedition, 1895 :
Ancient and Hindu Mythology, 1831 on ;

Tirah campaign Dargai, etc., 1897-8 : :
th3 Vedanta Philosophy of the Hindus, and

South African war as Brig-Major, 1900-
on Muhammadan Law an active member :
igoi Brevet-Major.
:
of the Bombay Literary Society for some :
time its President died at Bombay, :

KERR, LORD MARK (1817-1900)
Dec. 29, 1846.
Entered the Army at 18 served in the :
Crimea in the Indian mutiny he com-

:
KER, ROBERT (1776P-1819)

manded the 13th Light Infantry, and
Son of Ker of Kersfield in Peebles to : relieved Azimghar in April, 1858 in the :
India in the B.C.S., 1791 Collector of : pursuit of Kooer Singh wounded at :
Chittagong about 1798 Judge-Collector : Jagdishpur in the Trans-Gogra cam- :
-
of Cuttack Judge of Bareli and of the
: : paign C.B. : Brig-General at Delhi :
Sadr Adalat in 1814 restored order in : commanded the Poona Division, 1874-7
Cuttack in 1818, after the insurrection Maj-General, 1868 General, 1878 :
there died off Sagar Island, Dec. 3,

: G.C.B., 1893 : died May i7» 1900.
1819, on his way from Cuttack to Bengal.
KERSHAW, SIR LOUIS ADDIN
KERN, JOHN HENRY CASPAR (1845-1899)
(1833- )
Son Matthew Kershaw
of educated :
Born April 6, 1833, in Java son : of a at Bradford and at Pembroke College,

Major in the Dutch Indian Army : to Oxford called to the bar at the Inner
:
Holland, when seven years old educated : Temple, 1872 Q.C., 1895 Revising : :
at Utrecht and Leiden studied Sanskrit : Barrister in Yorkshire Chief Justice of :
and Classical Philology Litter. Doct., : the High Court at Allahabad, 1898:
1855 studied Sanskrit under A. Weber
: knighted subsequently Chief Justice of
:
at Berlin appointed Professor of Greek

:
the High Court, Bombay, 1898 died :
in the Athenaeum at Maestricht, 1858 :

Feb. 17, 1899-
studied in London from 1862 Sanskrit :
Professor at Queen's College, Benares, KETTLE, TILLY (1740-1786)

1863-65 held the same position at
:
a house-
Artist : born 1740 : son of
Leiden University, 1 865-1903 great :
painter exhibited portraits at the Free
:
linguist and scholar noted for his re- :

Society of Artists, 1761, and the Society
searches into the ancient civilization of
of Artists, 1765 was in India from 1770 :
India, and of the East Indian archipelago :
to 1777, and made a fortune, painting

his chief works on Indian subjects are
portraits, historical and fancy scenes,
his Dutchtranslation of Kalidas' drama
some of which he sent to be exhibited in
Sdkuntala, 1862 text of Brhat-Samhita ;
England exhibited at the Royal Aca-
:
by Varaha-Mihira, 1865, followed by

demy, 1777-83 in 1781, a historical :
English translation, 1870 History of ;

piece, "The Mogul of Hindustan reviewing
Indian Buddhism in Dutch, 1881, trans-
the E. I. Co.'s troops " became bankrupt :
lated into German by Jacobi English :
started again for India in 1786, over-

translation of the Saddharma-Pundarika
land died at Aleppo. His picture of
:
(Sacred Books of the East, vol. xxi),

Warren Hastings is in the National Por-
1884 Manual of Indian Buddhism, 1896,
:
F.S.A.
trait Gallery :
etc. :collaborated in the great Sanskrit

Dictionary with Bohtlingk Roth and
Hon. M.R.A.S. : Member of the Royal KETTLEWELL, THOMAS (1831-1903)
Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam and ;

Colonel his family connected with
:
of many other learned Societies of different India from early days of the i8th century,
countries. when the firm of Kettlewell and BuUen was
J
founded in India entered the E. I. Co.'s : Municipal Corporation, Town Council,
service in 1852 joined the Bombay- : etc. : Sheriff of Bombay, 1883 : CLE. :
Staff Corps later was in the Persian : Chairman of the Bombay
Corporation*
expedition, at the landing in Hallilah 1883 : took an active share in pubhc
Bay, at the storming and capture of movements : Joint Secretary of the
Reshire, and at the surrender of Bushire : Famine Relief Committee, 1876-7 a :
Captain, 1864 : Colonel, 1882 : died warm advocate of Life Assurance among
April, 1903. the native community : Director of
Oriental Life Association : died April 25,
KEYES, SIR CHARLES PATTON 1891.
(1823-1896)
KHURSHID JAH BAHADUR, NAWAB
Son of Thomas Keyes : born 1823 :
SIR ( ? -1902)
entered the 30th Madras N.I., 1843 :
served in all the principal Pan jab border Shams-ul-Umra, Amir-i-Kabir repre- :
sentative of the great Shams-ul-Umra

campaigns, 1849-70 with Sir C. Napier :
family premier noble of Hyderabad,

at the Kohat Pass, 1850 against the :
:
holding the high hereditary position of

Waziris, i860 in the Umbeyla campaign,
:
1863 : Brevet-Lt-Colonel C.B. com- : :

Commander of the Nizam's household
manded an expedition against the Waziris troops Member of the Council of Re-
:
in 1869 Brevet-Colonel
: commanded :
gency, 1882 Member of the Council of
:
the State on the accession of the Regency,

the Dour Valley expedition, 1870 served :
against the Jowaki Afridis, 1877-8, as

1884 died July 17, 1902.
:
Brig-General commanded the Panjab

Frontier Force and the Kohat column :
KHWAJA ABDUL GHANI MIA,
K.C.B. : commanded the Hyderabad NAWAB SIR -1896) ( ?
Subsidiary Force, 1881 retired, 1884 : :

He was
descended from a family which
Maj-General, 1887 General, 1889 died : :
came, some generations ago, from Kash-
Feb. 5, 1896. mir. An ancestor held an appointment
at the Mogul Court at Delhi, and on its
KHAIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD, FAKIR overthrow moved to Sylhet, embarking
(1751-1827 ?) on business there a later ancestor re- :
Of Allahabad in the service of the

:
moved to Dacca; and established the
British Government, and earned a pension family as wealthy zamindars in Eastern
for the assistance rendered to Mr. Anderson Bengal. Nawab Abdul Ghani improved
in his negotiations with the Mahrattas :
itsposition and, by his personal energy
left Anderson, and took employment and character, acquired great influence.
under one of the Imperial Princes ob- :
During the mutiny, his loyalty to Govern-
tained some favour from Nawab Saadat ment, and his firmness in remaining at
Ali at Lucknow lived latterly, and died,
:
Dacca helped to save Eastern Bengal in :
at Jaunpur, about 1827 .wrote the Ibrat- :

1869 he prevented serious disturbances
nama, a history up to 1790 a.d. of the between the Shias and Simnis in the :
reigns of Alamgir II and Shah Alam Lushai and Naga expeditions, and in
(g.v.), including the atrocities and death
famine relief he materially aided Govern-
of Ghulam Kadir wrote also the history
:
ment. His public and private charity
of Jaunpur and Balwant-nama, or his-
:
was munificent, his donations amounting
tory of the Benares Rajas, including to lakhs of rupees he gave Dacca a pure :
Balwant Singh, Chait Singh, Mahipat water-supply at great expense he was :
Narain, and Udit Narain Singh. highly esteemed by Government and all
classes, for his wealth, position and
loyalty. He was an Honorary Magistrate :
KHOTE, RAGHANATH NARAYAN Member of the Bengal Legislative Council

(1821-1891)
(1866), and of the Governor-General's
Born Sep. 21, 1821 a Shenvi or Gond : Legislative Council (1867) C.S.I. (1871) : :
Brahmin educated at the Elphinstone

: K.C.S.I. (1886), and was granted the
Fort School and at the College, as a
: personal title of Nawab in 1875, which
Scholar, 1840 engaged : in mercantile was made hereditary on Jan. i, 1877. He
pursuits, 1841-78 : J. P. : Member of the was presented with a medal by H.R.H.
the Prince of Wales in Calcutta in 1875 : 1786 he signed bonds to raise money
died at Dacca in 1896 at an advanced required for his son's building speculations,
age. which failed in 1878 the Sheriff of
:
Calcutta attached his church Charles

KHWAJA AHSANULLA, NAWAB Grant {q.v.) paid 10,000 rupees to release
:
BAHADUR, SIR (1846-1901) it, when it was transferred to trustees :
Son ofANawab Sir Khwaja Abdul Kiernander retired, 1788, to Chinsura, and
Ghani Mia(g.t;.) : born in 1846 : succeeded became Chaplain to the Dutch there. He
to the management of the family estates was taken prisoner when the English took
in 1 868, and after his father's death Chinsura in 1795, went to Calcutta, and
worthily upheld all the best traditions of lived there in poverty till he died in 1799,
his house as a landowner, an open-handed after a continuous residence in India
dispenser of charity and hospitality, an from 1740 great success attended his
:
enlightened and loyal supporter of Govern- labours among the Portuguese and native
ment for years a Municipal Commissioner
: congregations at Cuddalore and Calcutta.
and Honorary Magistrate of Dacca made :
Khan Bahadur (1871): Nawab (1875): KILPATRICK, JOHN ( ? -1787)

CLE. (1891): Nawab Bahadur (1892):
K.C.I.E. (1897) : Member of the Governor- Major after the tragedy of the Black
:
General's Legislative Council in 1890, Hole at Calcutta in June, 1756, he was

and again in 1899. He died suddenly sent up with 230 soldiers from Madras :
at Dacca, Dec. 16, 1901. this was the relieving force to reach
first
Calcutta : it is said that he was one of
KHWAJA SALIMULLA, NAWAB those who voted in dive's council of

? - war at Plassy against an advance a :
( )
decision to which Clive did not adhere :
Succeeded his father, Khwaja Ahsanulla

died 1787.
{q.v.), as head of the family of the Dacca
Nawabs in Dec. 1901 was a Deputy : KIMBERLEY, JOHN WODEHOUSE,
Magistrate for some years a nominated : FIRST EARL OF (1826-1902)
Member of the Bengal Legislative Council
Born Jan. 1826 son of Hon. Henry
7, :
in 1903.
Wodehouse succeeded his grandfather
:
as third Baron, 1846 created first Earl :
KIELHORN, FRANZ (1840- ) of Kimberley, 1866 educated at Eton :
Born 1840: Hon. LL.D. Edinburgh and Christ Church, Oxford first class :
and Glasgow : Professor of Oriental honours, 1847 Under Secretary of State

:
languages at the Dekkan College, Poona :

for Foreign Affairs, 1852 for India, :
Hon. D. Litt., Oxford Professor of San- : April-Nov. 1864 Lord Lieutenant of :
skrit, Gottingen CLE., 1886 author

: :
Ireland, Lord Privy Seal, Secretary for
of several pubhcations on Indian grammar, the Colonies, etc. Secretary of State for :
epigraphy and chronology. India, Dec. 16, 1882, to June 24, 1885 :
again Feb. 7, to Aug. 4, 1886 and :
KIERNANDER, REV. JOHN ZACHA- again Aug. 19, 1892, to March 10, 1894 :
RIAH (1711-1799) Lord President of the Council, and Foreign

Secretary, 1894-5 K.G., 1885 died : :
Danish missionary born in Sweden, :

April 8, 1902.
Nov. 21, 171 1 educated at Lindkoping
:
and Upsal at Halle, 1735-9 sent out

:
in 1739-40 by the S.P.C.K. as a missionary

:
KING, SIR GEORGE (1840-

to Cuddalore on its capture by Lally in Born Lt-Colonel
:
April 12, 1840 : :
1758, Kiernander went to Tranquebar, educated at Aberdeen Grammar School

and, after a few months, to Calcutta, also and University M.B. : : Superintendent
in 1758 established a Mission there
:
of the Calcutta Royal Botanic Garden,
with the consent of the Government : 1870-98 author of several monographs
:
a Mission school opened Dec. i, 1758 he : on Indian Orders, Materials for a Flora
built the Mission Church, founded May,
of the Malay Peninsula K.C.I.E., 1898 : :
1767, consecrated Dec. 1770 called Beth :

F.R.S. LL.D.
: Member of several :
Tephilla (the House of Prayer) about : foreign Botanical Societies.

KING, SIR HENRY SEYMOUR Commissioner, Peshawar, 1895, and Kohat,
(1852- ) 1897-1900: Political Officer, Tirah ex-
Son of Henry Samuel King : educated pedition, 1897-8 C.S.I. Commissioner : :
Charterhouse and Balliol College, of Lahore Commissioner of Salt Revenue,

at :
Oxford : Head of the firm of H. S. King N. India Commissioner of Multan

:
& Co., London (with branches at Bombay author of Monographs on Oriental Numis-
and Calcutta), bankers founder of the :
matics and the Orakzai Country and Clans.
Overland Mail K.C.I. E., 1892 M.P. for : :
Hull (Central) since 1885 Mayor of :

KING, SIR RICHARD, BARONET
Kensington, 1901, and 1902 M.A. : :
(1730-1806)
J. P. :F.R.G.S. Son of Curtis
King, master in the
Navy : born Aug.
10, 1730 entered the :
KING, JAMES STEWART (1848- ) Navy in 1738 served in the E. Indies

:
:
Robert Belsham King Lieutenant in 1746 again in the E.

Son of Rev. :
Indies, was in the flagship of Admiral C.

born May 15, 1848 educated at Fair- :
field, Wexford, Dublin University and Watson {q.v.), in 1754 in Jan. 1757, :
R.M.C., Sandhurst joined the 107th :

commanded the landing-party at the
capture of Calcutta and Hughli went
regt., 1868 the Bombay Staff Corps,
:
:
to the W. Indies in 1762 he took General

1874 Major,
: 1888 retired, 1892 : :
:
Superintendent, Army Schools, Bombay,

Draper (q.v.) out to India in 1779 again :
in India with Sir E. Hughes (q.v.) in

1877-8 on duty to collect and translate
:
:
Persian historical MSS. relating to the

Hughes' action with Suffrein off Sadras in
Feb. 1782, his ship, the Exeter, was nearly
minor Muhammadan dynasties, to help
Professor Dowson {q.v.), 1879-80 Assist- :
sunk :in four other actions between the
ant Political at Sawantwari, Aden, Kola-

same Admirals he distinguished himself :
pur, and Agent at Zaila wrote a full :

first knighted made a Baronet in 1792
: :
account of the Island of Perim, 1877 :

M.P. for Rochester Admiral, 1795 died : :
led an expedition, 1884, against the

Nov. 7, 1806.
rebellious Kotaibi Hill Arabs, 75m. N. of
Aden subdued them and made peace
:
KINLOCH, ALEXANDER ANGUS
between them and their Amir, of Dhtali AIRLIE (1838- )
sent on political missions to S. coast of Born Dec. 27, 1838 son of Colonel :
Arabia, Sokotra, the Somali coast took : John Grant Kinloch educated at Wool- :
over the W. Somali country, 1884, when wich entered the Army, 1855 D.A.A.G.
: :
the Egyptians left it successfully counter- : for Musketry, India, 1870-7 D.A.Q.M.G. :
acted French schemes on the W. Somali in Afghan war, 1878-80 Brevet-Major :
coast, 1885-7 explored into the interior;

: and Lt-Colonel commanded 2nd and :
1885-6 wrote for the Indian Antiquary,

: 4th Battalions K.R.R. commanded :
1887-98, on Somali as a Written Lan- three 2nd class Districts in India, and ist
guage, The Fate of St. Mark, The Brigade Chitral Relief Force, 1895 :
Aborigines of Sokotra, The Siege of retired as Maj-General, 1895 author of :
Ahmadnagar published, 1900, : The Large Game Shooting in Tibet, the Hima-
History of the Bahmani Dynasty : con- layas, Northern and Central India : C.B,,
tributed also to I.R.A.S.: M.R.A.S. in 1893.
1892.
KINNEIR, SIR JOHN MACDONALD
KING, LUCAS WHITE (1856- )
(1782-1830)
I.C.S.born 1856 son of Deputy-

: :
Pohtical son of John Macdonald
:
Surgeon-General Henry King educated :

born Feb. 3, 1782 joined the 24th :
at Ennis College, and Dublin University : Madras, N.I. in 1807 attached to Sir J. :
entered the Indian Civil Service, 1878 Malcolm's mission to Persia, 1808-9 :
Assistant Resident at Mysore, 1887 travelled to England across Europe, and

Deputy Commissioner, Dera Ismail Khan, in 18 1 3 from Constantinople through
1890-95 Pohtical Officer Zhob Valley
:
Armenia, Kurdistan, to Bagdad and Bom-
Field Force, 1890 Waziristan Field :
bay : wrote his account of it took his :
Force,1894 Boundary Officer Indo- :

mother's name of Kinneir published a :
Afghan demarcation, 1895 Deputy :

Gazetteer of Persia Town-Major of :
Madras, and Resident with the Nawab of joined the Bengal Infantry in 1773 be- :
the Carnatic Envoy to Persia, 1824-30 : : came Ma j -General in 181 1 was Persian :
was in the hostiUties with Russia, and Interpreter to General Stibbert, C. in C.

mediated, before the treaty of Turkaman- in Bengal, for periods between 1777 and
chai of Feb. 23, 1828 died at Tabriz, : 1785 was Resident at Gwalior, and
:
June II, 1830. Persian Interpreter with Lord Cornwallis

in the Mysore war, 179 1-2 mediated in :
KIPLING, JOHN LOCKWOOD Nipal, until then unvisited by any English-

(1837- ) man, between the Nipalese and Chinese
Born 1837 : son of Rev. Joseph Kip- in 1793 Resident at Hyderabad in 1795
= :
ling : educated at Woodhouse Grove met Lord Mornington at the Cape in

Architectural Sculptor, Bombay School 1798 and became his Military Secretary
of Art, 1865-75 Principal, Mayo School :
in 1798, and Private Secretary in 1799 :
of Art Curator Central Museum, Lahore,

:
after Seringapatam in 1799, was made a
1875-93 author of Beast and Man in
'•
Commissioner for the partition of Mysore :
India retired from the Indian Educa-

:
Resident at Poona in 1801 left India in :
tion Department, 1893 CLE., 1886. :

i8or he was well versed in Oriental
:
languages and Indian lore translated :
KIPLING, RUDYARD (1865- )

Tippoo's diary and letters from Persian,
and wrote an account of his mission to
Born Dec. 30, 1865 son of J. Lockwood :
Nipal he died Aug. 22, 1812.

educated at Westward
:
Kipling {q.v.) :
Ho Assistant Editor of the Civil and

:
Military Gazette, Lahore, and the Pioneer, KITCHENER OF KHARTOUM,

Allahabad, 1882-9 author of Depart- •
HORATIO HERBERT, FIRST
mental Ditties, 1886, Plain Tales from the VISCOUNT (1850- )
Hills, 1887 Soldiers Three, Wee Willie

; Born June 24, 1850 son of Lt-Colonel :
Winkie, etc., 1888-9 The Light that ; H. H. Kitchener educated at Wool- :
Failed, 1891 Barrack Room Ballads, ; wich :entered R.E., 1871, and be-
1892 ; The Jungle Book, (i) 1894, (2) came Maj -General, 1896 employed in :
1895 ; Kim, 1901, etc., etc. Palestine Survey, 1874-8, and Cyprus
Survey, 1878-82 commanded Egyptian :
KIRKPATRICK, JAMES ACHILLES Cavalry, 1882-4 Nile expedition, 1884- =
(1764-1805) Brevet-Lt-Colonel Governor of

5 : :
Lt-Colonel Colonel James

: son of Suakim, 1886-8 Soudan Frontier, :
Kirkpatrick, and brother of William 1889 engagement at Toski

: C.B. Sir- : :
Kirkpatrick [q.v.) born Aug. 1764 : : dar of Egyptian Army, 1890 com- :
educated in France and at Eton joined : manded Dongola expeditionary force,

the E. I. Co.'s Madras Army in 1779-80 1896 Maj-General
: K.C.B. command- : :
in the Mysore war, 179 1-2 in charge 6i : ed Khartoum expedition, 1898 raised :
garrison at Vizianagram, 1793 Assistant : to Peerage with grant of £30,000 and

to his brother William, Resident at G.C.B. Chief of Staff of Forces in South
:
Hyderabad, in 1795 : succeeded him in Africa, 1899-1900, C. in C, S. Africa,

1797: negotiated the several treaties of 1900-2 Lt-General and General
: re- :
1798, 1799, 1800, 1802, 1803, 1804 on ceived Viscountcy and grant of £50,000 :
behalf of the Governor-General with the C. in C, India, since 1902.

Nizam of Hyderabad, for various objects,
the suppression of French influence, etc., KITSON, GERALD CHARLES
gaining the full confidence of the Marquess (1856- )
Wellesley brought the Nizam's con-

:
Born Oct. 6, 1856 son of Rev. J. B.
:
tingent of 60,000 men into the field against Kitson : educated at Winchester entered :
Tippoo, 1799 died, while Resident at '

the Army, 1875, and became Lt-Colonel,
Hyderabad, on a visit to Calcutta, on 1896 D.A.A.G. at Meerut, 1890-2
: :
Oct. 15, 1805. A.A.G., Umbala, 1892-4 served at :
Manipur, 1891 at the Staff College,

KIRKPATRICK, WILLIAM (1754-1812)
:
1885-6 Commandant of Military College,

:
Born 1754 '•

son of Colonel James Kingston, Canada Military Attache of :
:Kirkpatrick of the Madras cavalry British Embassy, Washington : Com-

mandant of R.M.C., Sandhurst, 1902 : ing it till his death.
Besides his labours
C.M.G., 1901. in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, was
known as a Sanskrit scholar published :
KNOX, SIR ALEXANDER ( ? -1834) a translation of Nala and Damayanti

from the Mahabharata, 1820 and the
Wentout to Bengal in 1780 in the :
Pantchatantra collection of fables

Army rose to be Maj -General, 1830
: in :
died, :
at Griefswald, 1862.
the campaign against Chait Singh, at the
capture of Benares in 1781 in Baghelkund :
and Bundelkund, 1782-4 at the siege :

KRUPABAI, (1862-1894)
of Bangalore, 1791 at Savandrug, Dec. :
in Cornwallis' campaign, 1792

Daughter of Haripunt, a Mahratta
1791 : :
fought against the Rohillas under Aber-

Brahman, Christian convert and mis-
sionary at Ahmadnagar born Feb. 14,
cromby in Lord Lake's actions in 1803
: :
:
1862 : educated at a missionary school,

at Deeg, 1804 Bhartpur, 1805 took
: :
Ajmir, 1818 Rajputana,

Bombay, and the Madras Medical College,
: in 1823 :
which she was the first Indian lady to

commanded the Dinapur Division : K.C.B.
join she married Samuel Sathianadhan,
:
1831 : died at Barrackpur after 54 years'
M.A., LL.B. (Cantab), F.S.S., Assistant
service, Sep. i, 1834.
D.P.I., Madras, and Professor of Logic
and Moral Philosophy at the Madras
KNOX, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE Presidency College author of History of
:
(1847- )
Education in the Madras Presidency, etc.
Born Oct. 20, 1847 son of General :
She founded a school for Muhammadan
T. E. Knox, C.B. educated at Woolwich : :
girls at Ootacamund, and was prominent
joined the R.A., 1867 served in the :
in several schemes for the education of
Abyssinian campaign, 1867-8 Ashanti :
women India in
wrote Sagiina, a
S. :
campaign, 1874 Afghan campaign, 1878- :

novel Indian Christian life, and
of
9 : at Ali Masjid Zulu and Transvaal :
Kamala, a novel of Hindu life died at :
campaign, 1879 commanded a Brigade :

Madras, Aug. 8, 1894.
in S. African war : siege of Ladysmith :
K.C.B. , 1900 : Maj-General commanding

R.A., 3rd Army Corps, since 1902. KURZ, W. SULPIZ (1833 7-1878)
Native of Augsburg in Bavaria botan- :
KCENIG, JOHANN GERARD ist joined the Army of Netherlands,

:
(1728-1785) India, in order that he might see something

of the rich botany of the Malayan Archi-
Doctor : born in 1728 : of Courland in
pelago was Assistant Curator of the
:
Lithuania pupil of Linnseus
: visited :
Herbarium at Buitenburg in Java in :

India in search of natural curiosities be- :
1864, Dr. T. Anderson obtained his ser-

came a friend of Sir Thomas Munro
vices as Curator of the Herbarium in the
iq.v.) travelled widely over India from
:
Botanic Garden near Calcutta he
the Ganges to the Indus, from Delhi to :
explored Burma and Pegu and the Anda-

Cape Comorin was in 1778 in the service
:
of the E. I. Co., who sent him to Siam and

man Islands in the interests of botany :
wrote the Forest Flora of British Burma,

the Straits of Malacca, in search of plants
1877 and many botanical papers in the
:
and minerals while travelling along the
:
Journals of various learned Societies

coast from Ceylon to Calcutta, died June
died at Pulo-Penang, Jan. 15, 1878.
26, 1785.
KOSEGARTEN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED KYD, JAMES (1786-1836)

LUDWIG (1792-1862) Shipbuilder son of Lt-General Alexan-
:
Born Sep. 10, 1792, at Altenkirchen in der Kyd, who was related to and heir of
RUgen son of a pastor studied theology
: : Colonel Robert Kyd {q.v.) born in India, :
at Griefswald in Prussia, 1808-12, and 1786 went home with his brother Robert
:
Oriental languages in Paris, 18 12-14 to England, as boys, to be brought up to

went to the University of Jena, 1817 : shipbuilding returned to Calcutta in
:
appointed to Professorship of Theology, 1800, and were apprenticed to Waddell.

Oriental Languages and Literature, hold- the E. I. Co.'s master-builder. On his
retirement, in 1807, they purchased the LA BOURDONNAIS, BERTRAND
Kidderpur dockyard, near Calcutta, and FRANCIS MAHE DE (1699-1753)
James Kyd became Master Shipbuilder to Went to India at 10, and on other
the E.I. Co. In 1814 he visited England
voyages in 1713 and 1722 led the attack :
in the General Kyd, 1,279 tons, which he

on Mahe, when captured by the French
had constructed, and received, in 1815, in 1723 traded in the Arabian seas
: :
testimonials from the Admiralty and

served under the Governor of Goa for 2
Court of Directors for the repairs executed years :returned to France, 1733, and was
by him to H.M.S. Semiramis at St. Helena. Governor of the Isle of France, and Bour-
Twenty-five vessels were built at his dock- bon, 1735-40 from France in 1741, he
:
yard, including the Hastings man-of-war, took out ships and troops to the Isle of
1,732 tons, 74 guns, in 1818, said to have France resumed his Governorship, and,
:
been the only line-of-battle ship ever when ordered to send back his squadron,
built in Calcutta, and the Diana steamer, collected more ships, and, in 1746, took
89 tons, in 1823, the first steamer built them to the Coromandel coast and fought
on the Hughli. He was universally some actions with indecisive results off
recognized as the head of the East Indian Ceylon and Negapatam against the
class to which he belonged. He died English squadron under Peyton, who
Oct. 26, 1836, when the Kidderpur retired went to Pondicherry reinforced
: :
dockyard was purchased by Government there, he, under pressure from the Gover-
the brother Robert Kyd died in 1825. nor, Dupleix iq.v.) appeared with his fleet
before Madras, landed his forces on Sep.
KYD, ROBERT (1746-1793) 15, 1746, and besieged it by sea and land
until the English surrendered on Sep. 21,
Colonel :of an old Forfarshire family :
the question of ransom of the town being
Cadet and Ensign Bengal Engineers, 1764 :
left for future adjustment. This con-
Lt-Colonel, 1782 : Military Secretary to dition Dupleix refused to ratify and super-
Government, when, in 1786, he proposed seded La Bourdonnais. While they were-
to the acting Governor-General, Sir John disputing, a severe [monsoon shattered
Macpherson, the formation of a Botanic the French fleet on Oct. 13, 1746. La
Garden at Calcutta for the growth of Bourdonnais signed a treaty with the
teak timber for ship -building, the culti- English authorities at Madras it is stated :
vation of spices, e.g. cinnamon, the intro- that he was induced, by a personal bribe,
duction of cotton, tobacco, coffee, tea to consent to the ransom of Madras. He
and other commercial products. The Go- made his way to the Isle of France, and,
vernor-General supported the scheme, proceeding homewards, was captured in a
which, in 1787, received the most hearty ap- Dutch vessel by the English, but released.
probation of the Court of Directors. Kyd's On his return to France, he was confined
country house and garden were at Sibpur, in the Bastille for 3 years, and soon after his
Howrah, near Shalimar Point. For the realease, on being acquitted by the Privy
Botanic Garden he selected 300 acres Council of the charges against him, he died
contiguous to his property was Honorary
:
on Sep. 9, 1753.
Superintendent of the garden until his
death. The area was reduced to 270
acres, in 1820, when teak-growing had
LACROIX, REV. ALPHONSE
been found impossible, and the area FRANCOIS (1799-1859)
devoted to it was given up for the Bishop's Swiss Missionary, born May 10, 1799 ;
College. Colonel Robert Kyd died May 26, at first a tutor became agent of the
:
1793, bequeathing the bulk of his pro- Netherlands Missionary Society at Chinsu-
perty to Major (afterwards Lt-General, ra, where he arrived, March 21, 1821 when :
died Nov. 25, 1826) Alexander Kyd, son Chinsura became British, in 1825, he
of Capt. James Kyd, R.N., and father of removed to Calcutta became a British
:
James {q.v.), Robert, and Alexander subject, and a member of the London
Kyd. A beautiful marble urn, by Banks Missionary Society initiated religious
:
the sculptor, was erected in 1795 to the Missions in the delta of the Ganges, in
memory of Col. Robert Kyd, in the the Sundarbans, in Sagar island a :
Botanic Garden, on a site selected by Dr. scholar in Bengali founded the Bhawani-
:
Roxburgh, his successor. pur Missionary Institution, 1851 revised :

DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 24]
the Bengali version of the Scriptures and LAHIRI, RAMTANU (1813-1898)

trained native preachers died July 3, :
Born at Krishnagar, 1813 educated :
1859. from 1826 at the Hare School in 182S :
joined the Hindu College in 1834 was :
LAESSOE, ALBERT F. DE P. appointed a teacher there, and continued

(1848-1903) his work at Krishnagar, Burdwan, Bally,
Barasat, Rasapagla for the education of
Son of Rev. C. de F. Laessoe educated :
the descendants of Tippoo Sultan to :
at Copenhagen obtained a Commission

:
Barisal and again to Krishnagar, whence
in the Danish Army, 1866 joined the :
he retired on pension, 1865 he gave up :
French Army, 1870 resigned Danish :

the Brahmanical thread in 185 1 and became
service, appointed to the Indian
1878 :
a Brahmo he lived an exemplary life
:
Foreign Office, 1881 served with the :

and enjoyed great respect as a teacher
Commission for delimitation of northern he died in Aug. 1898.
boundary of Afghanistan, 1884-7 Assist- :
ant Commissioner Merwara, 1889 Ajmir, :

LAING, SAMUEL (1812-1897)
1892 Political Agent, Bhopawar, 1893-9
: :
Born Dec. 1812 son of Samuel

12, :
Political Agent in charge for years in India
Laing educated at Houghton-le-Spring,
of Ayub Khan of Afghanistan C.M.G. :
privately, and at St. John's College, Cam-

and C.I.E., 1887 died from a pistol acci- :
bridge second wrangler in 183 1

: Fellow
dent at Copenhagen, May 18. 1903.
:
called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, in 1837 :
Secretary to the Railway Department of

LAFONT, REV. EUGENE, S.J. the Board of Trade, 1842-6 Member of :
(1837- ) Lord Dalhousie's Railway Commission

of 1845 Chairman and Managing Director
:
Born March
26, 1837 son of Pierre :
of the L.B. and S.C Ry., 1848-55 and

Lafont educated at College of S. Barbara,
:
1867-94 Financial Secretary to the

:
Ghent entered the Order of the Jesuits,

:
Treasury, 1859-60 Finance Member of
:
1854 sent to Calcutta, 1865

: tutor at :
the Supreme Council in India from Jan.

S. Xavier's CalcuttaCollege,
lecturer :
1861, to July, 1862 M.P., 1852-7* 1859, :

in Experimental Science and Rector of
1865-8, and 1868-85. He wrote Modern
S. Xavier's since 1871 CLE. 1880 : :
Science and Modern Thought, 1885 ;

a leading authority on Science in Bengal.
Problems of the Future, 1889 Human ;
Origins, 1892 also India and China

: :
LAHA, MAHARAJA DURGA CHARAN England'' s Mission in the East, 1863 he :
(1882-1904)
died, Aug. 6, 1897.
Merchant and landowner son of Pran :
Kissen Laha, of the Subarnabanik (gold LAKE, EDWARD JOHN (1823-1877)

merchant) caste the family was engaged : Son of Edward Lake, Major in the
in trade. Durga Charan was educated Madras Engineers who served with :
at the old Hindu College, and became distinction in the Mahratta war and was
head of the firm called by his father's author of Sieges of the Madras Army :
name, in 1853 Fellow of the Calcutta

: born June 19, 1823 educated at Wimble-
:
University first native Port Commissioner

: don and Addiscombe went to India in :
of Calcutta Member of the Bengal Legis-

: the Royal Engineers, 1 841-2 joined the :
lative Council, 1874 of the Governor- • Sappers and Miners at Delhi suppressed :
General's Legislative Council, 1882 and an outbreak near Kythul was in the :
1888 President of the British Indian

: Satlaj campaign of 1845-6, at Mudki and
Association in 1885, 1895 Sheriff, 1882 : : Aliwal : served under John Lawrence at
CLE., 1884 Raja, .1887 : Maharaja, : Kangra and Jalandhar in 1846 com- :
1891 an able man of business, both in

: manded the Bahawalpur troops in the
his own trade and in his landed estates, operations about Multan, 1848 in the :
and attained great wealth was consulted : battle of Gujarat, the pursuit of the Sikhs
by Government on public, especially and Afghans, 1849 Brevet - Major : :
financial, questions : was a Commissioner Commissioner of Jalandhar, 1855 held :
for the reduction of public debt in 1882 : fort of Kangra throughout the mutiny :
died March 20, 1904. Lt-Colonel, 1861 Financial Commissioner

:
R
of the Punjab, 1865 C.S.I. , 1866 retired : : the authorities there to disarm the native
as Maj-General, 1870 : became Honorary troops. When the station of Mathura was
Secretary of East London Mission Relief burnt, the Seths sheltered the European
Fundin 1868: and Honorary Lay Secretary residents and conveyed them by boat to
of the Church Missionary Society, 1869 to Agra took charge of the treasure, main-
:
1876 :edited the Church Missionary tained public order made large advances
:
Record, 1871-4 died June 7, 1877.

: of money to Govermennt, when none was
procurable elsewhere, and throughout the
LAKE, GERARD, FIRST VISCOUNT mutiny maintained communication be-
(1744-1808) tween Agra and Delhi at their own expense.
"
For these services, Lakshmi Chand was

Son Charles Lake
of Launcelot born :
entered the first Foot

made Rao Bahadur and presented with con-
July 27, 1744 :
fiscated estates assessed at over Rs. 16,000,

Guards in 1758 rose to be General in:
on favourable terms. Many of the re-

1802 served in N. Carolina under Corn-
:
ligious and other buildings in Mathura

wallis, 1781 M.P. for Aylesbury, 1790-
:
were erected by the Seths, whose liberality

1802 was in the war with France, 1793-
:
commanded in Ulster, 1796, and in was proverbial. Lakshmi Chand remained

4 :
a Jain, but his brothers were converted

Ireland, 1798, seeing active service there
to Vaishnavism he left an only son,
during the rebellion was C. in in India : C Raghunath Das.
:
and Member of Council from July, 1801, to

July, 1805 introduced some improve-
:
ments in 1802 took Sasni, Bijghar,

:
LALLY, THOMAS ARTHUR, COUNT
Catchoura in 1803 in two months he
:
DE— AND BARON DE TOLLEN-
engaged the Mahrattas at Coel stormed :
DAL (1700-1766)
Alighar, Sep.4: took Delhi,Sep. 13: defeated
French General born 1700 : son of :
Sindia's forces under Perron took Agra, :

Sir Gerard O'Lally, an Irish exile, inherit-
Oct. 18: won at Laswari, Nov i, thus ing an implacable hatred of England :
conquering Sindia made a Peer in Sep. :

distinguished himself in the French
1804 defeated Holkar at Farrukhabad,
:
Austrian war of 1734 at Philipsburg, and
Nov. 17, 1804 : took Deeg, Dec. 1804 later at Fontenoy, Laffelat, Bergen-op-
made four attempts to storm Bhartpur early Zoom : to England in 1745, possibly as a
in 1805 without success, but the Raja
spy on the declaration of war between
:
gave in and made peace. Lord Cornwallis France and England in May, 1756, Lally
was C. in C. from July to Oct. 1805 on :
was appointed, as one of the most pro-
his death. Lake again commanded till
mising French officers, to be Governor-
Oct. 1807 Holkar surrendered to Lake
:
General and C. in C, to command the
at Umritsar in Dec. 1805 he returned to :
French expedition to India, to expel the
England and was made Viscount died :
British thence he, with Count d'Ache,
:
Feb. 20, 1808 very popular as a com-

:
reached Pondicherry in April-May, 1758,
mander with all ranks, and a great General
at once took Cuddalore, Fort St. David
in the field.
and Devikota unsuccessfully attacked
:
Tanjore captured Arcot in Oct. 1758

: :
LAKSHMI CHAND, RAO BAHADUR was joined by Bussy besieged Madras

:
(1810-1866)
for two months from Dec. 12, 1758, but
A member of the famous family of Seths retired on the appearance, in Feb. 1759,
of Mathura, celebrated as the leading of an English fleet, under Admiral Pocock.
bankers in N. India, and for their charity Lally took the field in i759» and met
and beneficence eldest son of Mani Ram : Colonel Eyre Coote at Wandiwash, was
(died 1836), founder of the firm, under defeated there on Jan. 22, 1760, and lost
whom the business flourished greatly, and other towns. Lally was then besieged
the wealth and influence of the family from May, 1760, in Pondicherry by Coote,
rapidly increased. During the mutiny, and forced to capitulate on Jan. 14, 1761,
Lakshmi Chand and his brothers, Radha the French power in India thus collapsing,
Krishan and Gobind Das, displayed chiefly through want of proper support
conspicuous loyalty. They warned the from France. Lally was sent to Madras,
Collector of the impending outbreak, and and to England as a prisoner of war on
:
sent information to Agra, which enabled his return to France, he was thrown into
the Bastille, kept under trial for 2^ years, Governor of Queensland, 1895-1901 :
accused of having betrayed the interests Governor of Bombay since 1903 G.C.M.G : ,
of the King condemned on May 9, 1766,

; 1900 : G.C.I.E., 1903.
and executed the same day. In 1783
the sentence was annulled, and Lally's LANE, CHARLES EDWARD WILLIAM
estates were restored to his son. (1786-1872)
Son of John Lane: born Oct. 23, 1786:
LAMB, CHARLES (1775-1834)
joined a Bengal N.I. regt. in 1807 became :
Born Feb. son of John Lamb

10, 1775= :
General in 1870 was in the first Burmese:
educated at Christ's Hospital became a : war, 1825 commissariat officer at Dina-

:
clerk in the accountant's office in the India pur, in 1832 commanded a regt. in
:
House, 1792, and retired in 1825 on a Afghanistan under Nott in 1842 when :
pension of three-fourths of his salary in temporary command of Kandahar, he

died Dec. 27, 1834 he corresponded with
: repulsed an attack of Afghans C.B., :
Thomas Manning apart from this

{q.v.) :
1842 : died Feb. 18, 1872.
his connexion with India appears to have
been limited to his official duties his : LANG, JOHN (1817-1864)
literary work requires no mention here. Went to India as a barrister established :
and edited the Mofussilite on the ruins of
LAMBERT, SIR JOHN (1838- )

the Meerut Observer in 1845-6 at Meerut :
wrote with great ability and vigour

Entered the Bengal Police Department,
several novels by him first appeared in the
1863 Deputy Commissioner of Police,
:
Mofussilite for a short time in Calcutta,
:
Calcutta, 1874-89 officiating Superin-

:
he issued the Optimist he died at Mus- :
tendent for the suppression of Thagi and

soorie, Aug. 20, 1864.
Dakaiti, 1882-4 Chief Commissioner of
:
Police in Calcutta, 1889-97 Member of :

LANGLiS, LOUIS MATHIEU
the Bengal Legislative Council, 1892 : (1764-1824)
K.C.I.E., 1893. son of a
Born near Montdidier, 1764 :
military of&cer educated at Paris : :
LAMBTON, WILLIAM (1756-1823)

studied Oriental languages, Persian, Arabic
Born 1756 educated at Northallerton
:
and Chinese translated the Institutes
:
Grammar School and Newcastle-on-Tyne :

of Tamerlane from Persian into French :
entered the Army in 1781 went with the :
and Contes, Fables et Sentences from
33rd regt. under Arthur Wellesley to the Arabian and Persian authors, 1877 first ••
Cape Bengal and Madras in

in 1796, to made known, to France and the Continent,
1798 was Brig-Major to Baird at the
:
the existence of the Asiatic Society of
siege of Seringapatam (May, 1799), en- Bengal wrote a Mahratta History
:
gaged in Mysore was appointed Superin-

:
addressed the National Assembly, 179O'
tendent of the survey connecting the on " The importance of Oriental languages
Malabar and Coromandel coasts, proposed for the extension of commerce and the pro-
by him Superintendent of the Great " pub-
:
gress of the arts and sciences :
Trigonometrical Survey the survey :

lished Fables et Contes Indiens, with
an
necessitated measurement of base
the essay on the Hindus and part of the :
lines, observations and other

scientific Hitopadesa was keeper of the Oriental
:
operations connected with geodesy, which MSS. of the Royal Library: suggested
for
occupied him apparently the rest of his the formation of a special school
life: F.R.S., and Fellow of the Asiatic Oriental living languages, which he was
Society Lt-Colonel died at Hinganghat,
: :
charged organize, and became its
to
Jan. 26 1823. Principaland Persian Professor on the :
formation of the French Institute was

LAMINGTON, CHARLES WALLACE chosen a member of the literary committee:
ALEXANDER NAPIER COCHRANE contributed articles on Oriental subjects,
BAILLIE, SECOND BARON (1860- )
and wrote the Ancient and Modern Monu-
Born July son of Baron Hindostan, 1824 at a meeting of
29, i860 : first : ments of :
educated at Eton and Christ Church, the Institute read a memoir

demonstratmg
Oxford : M.P.forN. St. Pancras, 1886-90 :
" the possibility of opening a passage to
India through Egypt, and thereby striking his Viceroyalty was a period of peace,
a death-blow at British supremacy in the solid progress and internal development
East " Napoleon, who was present,
: without ambitious projects the Legisla- :
thereupon planned the conquest of Egypt : tive Councils were reconstituted and its
Langles' library was the richest private members were given the rights of financial
Oriental collection then in existence, discussion and of interpellation an Act :
containing the only exact and complete was passed to protect young girls up to 12 :
autograph copy of the Ain-i-Abkari was a : also a revised Factory Act and the law for :
leading member of several Societies and preventing cruelty to animals was im-
Academies died Jan. 28, 1824.
: proved the police were reorganized
: :
an Imperial Library and Record Office

LANMAN, CHARLES ROCKWELL were founded the Presidential Army
:
(1860- ) system was abolished the Indian mints :
Born July 8, 1850, at Norwich, Con-

were closed to the free coinage of silver :
the misrule in Manipur was dealt with, and

necticut son of Peter Lanman graduated
: :
at the Norwich Free Academy, 1867 :

punishment inflicted for the murder of
British officers there the policy of a
at Yale, 1871 studied Sanskrit and
:
:
" sphere of influence " on the frontiers

linguistic science under Whitney till 1873 :
Ph.D :to Germany, and studied at Berlin,

was carried out by a mission to Kabul,
:
Tiibingen, and Leipzig called to the :

arrangements were made for the demar-
cation of the Afghan-British frontier
John Hopkins University at Baltimore :
railways and irrigation works were greatly

when it opened, 1876 and to Harvard :
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, extended Secretary for War, 1895-1900

:
:
in 1880, as Professor of Sanskrit Secre- :

Foreign Secretary since 1900. K.G P.C. : :
tary of the American Philological Associa-

G.C.S.I. G.C.I.E. G.C.M.G. D.C.L. Ox-
: : :
President, 1889-90 ford LL.D.

:
tion, 1879-84 : Cor- :
responding Secretary of the American

Oriental Society, 1884-94 Vice-President, : LASSEN, CHRISTIAN L (1800-1876)
1894-1905 joint-editor of its Journal
travelled in India,
:
1888-9 collected :
:
A Norwegian: born at Bergen, Oct. 22,

1800 : son of Nicolai C. V. Lassen edu-
valuable books and MSS., Sanskrit and
:
cated at Bergen, Christiania, Heidelberg,

Prakrit, for Harvard University Hony. :
1822, and Bonn with a Government :

Member, 1896, of the A.S.B and, 1902, :
pension went to London and Paris with :

of the Royal Asiatic Society Foreign :
Burnouf, published at Paris, his Essai sur

Member, 1897, of the Royal Bohemian
le Pali, 1826 wrote on the Panjab, or
:
Society of Sciences: lectured at the J.

Pentapotamia Indica, 1827 edited the :
Hopkins University, 1897, on the Poetry
Hitopadesa, with Schlegel, 1829 they :
of India, and in 1898 at Boston, on Indian
founded the critical and historical school
Literature LL.D. at Yale, 1902
: is :
of Sanskrit philology in Germany Lassen :

editing, with the help of other scholars
was appointed Professor of Sanskrit at
the Harvard Oriental Series, published by
Bonn founded and edited, 1837-50, the
:
Harvard University, which has reached

20 volumes of important Sanskrit works
periodical Zeitschrift fUr die Kunde des
Morgenlandes published in it his " Beit-
:
such as the Jataka Mala, Buddhism,

rage zur Kunde des Indischen Alterthums
Karpiira Manjani, Bhrad-Devata, Atharva-
aus dem Mahabharata," which began the
Veda, a Vedic Concordance, Visuddhi-
critical study of Indian epic poetry :
Magga, Panchatantra, Sakuntala, Brah-

known for his work on Prakrit Grammar
manas, and other works.
and the decipherment of the Persian cunei-
form inscriptions, 1836, and 1845 pub-
LANSDOWNE, HENRY
:
CHARLES lished, 1847-61, the Indische Alterthums-

KEITH PETTY - FITZMAURICE, kunde, 4 vols., a laborious and learned
FIFTH MARQUESS OF (1845- )
classical work on Indian antiquities he :
Born Jan. 1845 succeeded his

14, : edited an Indian drama, a textbook of
father, 1866 Under Secretary for War,
: Sankhya philosophy, the Gitagovinda and
1872-4 for India,
: 1880 Governor- : Anthologia Sanskritica, 1838 one of the :
General of Canada, 1883-8 Viceroy : greatest Sanskrit scholars his work :
and Governor-General of India, 1888-94 : afforded solid foundations for future

researches in the ancient literature of when Suraj-ud-daula became Nawab
India a foreign Member of the French
:
Nazim of Bengal in 1756, and took the
Institute died at Bonn, May 8, 1876.
:
EngUsh factory at Kasimbazar protected :
by the Nawab declined to give up his

:
LA TOUCHE, SIR JAMES JOHN factory to Watts, the English Agent :
DIGGES (1844- )
withdrew himself from Kasimbazar in
: son of :
April, 1757, to Patna was returning to :
William Digges La Touche educated at :

the Nawab's assistance after Plassy, but
Trinity College, Dublin joined the Civil :
Suraj-ud-daula was killed Law continued :
Service in the N.W.P., 1867 Settlement :

his flight to Ghazipur and Lucknow, to
Officer, Ajmir and at Gorakhpur Com-
: :
Shuja-ud-daula {q.v.), Nawab of Oudh :
missioner, in Burma, 1886 and of Allaha- :

went to Delhi, Agra, Bundelkund accom- :
bad, 1901 Member

the Legislative
: of panied the Shahzada's unsuccessful in-
Council, N.W.P., 1891 Chief Secretary, :
vasion of Bengal, 1759 again attacked :
1893 Additional Member of the Governor-

:
Patna with him (now become Shah Alam),
General's Legislative Council officiating :
in 1760 they fought against the English
:
Lieutenant-Governor, U. P. 1898 Lieuten- :

and Mir Kasim at Suan, near Bihar, Jan.
ant-Governor of Agra and Oudh since 15, 1761 Law surrendered to Major
:
1901 : K.C.S.I., 1901. Carnac sent to Calcutta

: left India, :
1762 arriving at France, was made a

:
LAW, SIR EDWARD FITZGERALD Chevalier and Colonel, Commissary of the

(1846- King, Commandant in the E. Indies,
)
Governor of Pondicherry.
Born Nov. 2, 1846 : son of Michael Law :
educated privately and at Woolwich :

LAWRENCE, SIR ALEXANDER,
entered the Royal Artillery, 1868, and
BARONET (1838-1864)
became Major, 1886 served at Suakin, :
1885 entered the Diplomatic Service as

:
I.C.S.son of Sir Henry Lawrence,
:
Financial and Commercial Secretary, 1887 :

Bart. born Sep. 6, 1838
: was Assistant :
British Delegate for commercial treaty Commissioner at Simla he fell with his :
with Turkey, Bulgaria, and, at Athens, horse through a bridge which gave way on
Minister Resident, 1898 British Delegate :
the Hindustan-Tibet road, and was killed
on the Council of the Ottoman Public instantaneously, Aug. 27, 1864.
Debt, 1898 Financial Member of the
:
Supreme Council, 1900-5 K.C.M.G., :

LAWRENCE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM
1898 :C.S.I., 1903.
(1763?- 1835)
Father of the Lawrences (Sir G. St. P.
LAW, JACQUES FRANCOIS (1724-1767) Sir H. M and the first Lord L.) went out
: :
Son of William Law of Lauriston, and to India as a volunteer, but was dis-
brother of Jean Law, Governor of Pondi- appointed of a Commission, which he
cherry born 1724 like his brother, went
: :
purchased later in the 77th regt. led the :
to India as an officer in the French service :

forlorn hope of the left column at Seringa-
rose to the rank of Colonel, and saw much patam. May 4, 1799 for his gallantry :
active warfare in South India, during the made a Captain in the 19th regt. retxirned :
struggle for supremacy between England to England in 1808 as Major Lt-Colonel :
and France. At the time of the siege of of the garrison in Guernsey in 1815, :
Trichinopoly, he was fighting on the side during the Walcheren campaign, com-
of Chanda Sahib, but his " vacillation
" manded the Veteran Battalion, and was
has been blamed for the failure of the Governor of Ostend Governor of Upnor :
Castle, 1816 or 1817: died, while in that

latter afterwards he was appointed C. in
:
C. of the troops of the French E. I. Co. :

post. May, 7, 1835.
died 1767, at the Isle of France, on his way
out to Pondicherry. LAWRENCE, SIR GEORGE ST.
PATRICK (1804-1884)
LAW, JEAN (1720- ? )
Elder brother of Sir Henry M., and •
English birth by
son of William Law, : of Lord Lawrence third son of Lt- :
who settled in France was Chief of the : Colonel Alexander Lawrence born at :
French factory at Saidabad, Kasimbazar, Trincomalee, March 17, 1804 educated :

at Foyle College, Londonderry, and Board of Administration of the Panjab,
Addiscombe 1822 joined the 2nd: in and A.G.G. in April, 1849, after its annexa-
Bengal light cavalry Adjutant, 1825-34 : : tion: the Board broke up in 1853 and
in the first Afghan war, 1838-42 at : Lawrence was transferred to Rajputana as
Ghazni, and in the pursuit of the Amir, A.G.G A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1854
: :
Dost Muhammad Political Assistant and : Chief Commissioner and A.G.G. in Oudh
Military Secretary to Sir W.H. Macnaghten from March 21, 1857 prepared, with :
iq.v.), from Sep. 1839 in charge of Dost : great skill and foresight, for the defence
Muhammad in the outbreak in Nov. : of Lucknow in the mutiny, from May, 1857,
1841, narrowly escaped, and again when after the engagement at Chinhut, on June,
Macnaghten was murdered on Dec. 23 :
30, limited the defence to the Residency :
had charge of the ladies and children in wounded during the siege on J uly 2 died :
the retreat from Kabul was one of the : on July 4 : wrote for his own epitaph
hostages made over to Akbar Khan in J an. " Here lies Henry Lawrence, who tried to
1842, and imprisoned until the captives do his duty." He had been meanwhile,
were all recovered in Sep. 1842 Assistant : in England, appointed provisional Gover-
Political Agent in Peshawar, 1846 made : nor-General of India his eldest son was :
prisoner by the Sikhs in the Panjab cam- created a Baronet in recognition of his
paign, Oct. 1848 thrice released on : services his statue was erected in St.
:
parole released after Gujarat

: Deputy : Paul's Cathedral. He wrote essays and
Commissioner of Peshawar at the forcing : books on Indian subjects, and had con-
of the Kohat Pass under Sir C. Napier, siderable literary merits. But he is best
1850 Political Agent in Mewar, 1850-7
: : remembered for his administrative ability,
A.G.G. for Rajputana, 1857-64 kept : his energy, his sympathies with the native
the States quiet in the Mutiny C.B., : aristocracy, his high character, and his
i860 Maj-General, 1861 resigned, 1864
: : : tragic death. He established the Lawrence
K.C.S.I., 1866 Lt-General, 1867 died : : Asylums in the hills, for the children of
Nov. 16, 1884 wrote Forty -three Years : European soldiers.
in India, 1874.
LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR,
LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONT- FIRST BARON (1811-1879)
GOMERY (1806-1857)
I.C.S. : Governor-General : sixth son of
Brother of Sir George {q.v.) and of Lord Lt-Colonel Alexander Lawrence : brother
Lawrence (q.v.) and fourth son of Colonel of Sir George {q.v.) and Sir Henry (q.v.) :
Alexander Lawrence born in Ceylon, : born March 4, 1811 educated at Bristol, :
June 28, 1806 educated at Foyle College, : Foyle College, Londonderry, Wraxall
Derry, Bristol and Addiscombe joined : Hall, Haileybury reached Calcutta in the
:
the Bengal Artillery, Feb. 1823 in the : Civil Service in Feb. 1830 to Delhi and :
first Burma war, 1826 invalided home : : its neighbourhood as Assistant and as
joined the trigonometrical survey in Ire- District Officer for 8 years, and again,
land :in the revenue survey, N.W.P., 1843-6 noticed by Lord Hardinge at
:
1833-8 nearly fought a duel

: in the : end of 1845 provided efficient transport
:
first Afghan war, was under G. R. Clerk before Sobraon in 1846 made Commis-
:
iq.v.), in charge of Firozpur, Assistant sioner of the Trans-Satlaj Jalandhar Doab :
to the A.G.G. 1840 went with Pollock's , : acted as Resident at Lahore suppressed :
Army of Retribution up to Kabul in Sep.- the Kangra rebellion after the Panjab :
Oct.1842 Brevet-Major settled Kythul:

: : campaign, and the annexation of the
Resident in Nipal, 1843-6 wrote for the : Panjab in 1849, became a Member of the
Calcutta Review and advocated asylums in Board of Administration, with his brother
the hills for children of European soldiers : Henry and Mr. C. G. Mansel selected in :
in the first Sikh war, as A.G.G. for the 1853 by Lord Dalhousie to be Chief Com-
Panjab was at Sobraon
: opposed to : missioner of the Panjab, the Board being
annexation appointed Resident at Lahore,
: broken up his differences of opinion from
:
Jan. 1847 compelled the surrender of

: his brother, on public questions, were
Kashmir to Golab Singh K.C.B., 1848 : : radical and serious negotiated a treaty :
at the siege of Multan, Jan. 1849, and at with the Amir of Afghanistan in 1855 :
Chilian wala appointed President of the

: K.C.B., 1856 made another agreement
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY 'A7
with Dost Muhammad in 1857 in the : and the Highlands in 1745 sent out by :
mutiny he saved the Panjab, and, by the Court of Directors in 1747 to be Major
sending the movable column and all avail- of the Garrison at Fort St. George :
able forces down to Delhi for its siege and arrived at Fort St. David and commanded
capture, worked for the eventual sup- the troops in 1748 taken prisoner by the
:
pression of the mutiny at one time con- : French in his attack on Ariancopang near
templated the abandonment of Peshawar : Pondicherry released in 1749 when
:
first Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab Madras was restored to the English took :
from Jan. i, 1859 G.C.B. Baronet: : : Devikota in Tanjore in 1749 was ap- :
P.C. K.C.S.I.
: appointed by the Crown,
: pointed by the Directors to be C. in C. in the
in Sep. 1858, an original member of the E.' Indies in 1852 relieved Trichinopoly,
:
new Council of India D.C.L. LL.D. : : : with Clive's help, defeating the French
refused the Governorship of Bombay : and captured Seringham again defeated :
Governor-General and Viceroy of India, them at Bahur, Aug. 26, 1752 engaged :
Jan. 12, 1864, to Jan. 12, 1869 he had : till 1754 with the French and their native
to deal with the Bhutan war, and the allies about Trichinopoly generally :
Orissa famine was strong in his policy

: victorious, so that Dupleix was recalled
of non-interference with Afghan politics : in 1754. Lawrence was superseded in the
his policy was described as " masterly command when the 39th regt., the first
inactivity " he recognized Shir Ali as de
: King's troops, arrived in 1754 was too :
facto Amir paid much attention to sani-

: ill to go to Bengal in 1756, when Clive was
tation, railways, irrigation enforced : sent up. Lawrence commanded the

strict economy settled the Oudh land
: defence of Madras, during its siege by
question was the first Governor-General
: Lally, Dec. 1758-Feb. 1759 the siege '-
to take the whole Government to Simla : raised on Admiral Pocock's fleet ap-
he was vigorous and prompt in action, pearing. Lawrence went home, for
cautious,masterful, laborious, sincerely health, in 1759, but came out again in
religious after retirement, he was made
: 1 761 as C. in C., Member of Council and
Baron Lawrence of the Panjab and of Maj -General retired in April,
: 1766 :
Grateley was, 1870-3, Chairman of the

: died in London, Jan. 10, 1775. He was
London School Board, and Chairman of called "The Father of the Indian Army."
the Committee formed to oppose the policy His monument in Westminster Abbey
of the Afghan war of 1878-9 died June : bears the inscription :
" Discipline es-
27, 1879 buried in Westminster Abbey
:
:
tablished. Fortresses protected. Settle-
statues erected to him in Calcutta and ments extended. French and Indian
London. Armies defeated, and Peace concluded in
the Carnatic." He recognized the merits
of Clive.
LAWRENCE, RICHARD C. (1818-1896)
General brother of Lord Lawrence

:
{q.v.) entered the Indian Army, 1834

:
:
LAWRENCE, SIR WALTER ROPER
served with Bengal N.I. in the Satlaj (1857- )
campaign, 1845-6 at Sobraon with

: :
the Kashmir Contingent at the siege and I.C.S. born Feb. 9, 1857
: son of :
assault of Delhi, 1857 C.B. served under ••

: George Lawrence educated at Chelten- :
his brother in the Panjab commanded the : ham and Balliol College, Oxford joined :
military police advocated the disarma-

:
Hhe CivilService in the Panjab, 1879,
ment of native troops in Lahore Military : passing first Under Secretary to Panjab
:
Secretary to Sir John Lawrence in part of Government, and in the Revenue Depart-
the mutiny Deputy Commissioner of the
:
ment of the Government of India Com- :
Resident in Nipal missioner in Kashmir, 1889-95 retired

Simla Hill states :
:
died Jan. 24, 1896. in 1898, without pension went out to :
India again as Private Secretary to Lord

Curzon, while Viceroy, 1898 -1903:
LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697-1775) K.C.I. E., 1903 author of The Valley of
:
Born March 6, 1697 son of John :

Kashmir designate to be Chief of the Staff
:
Lawrence of Hereford entered the Army :

of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on his tour
in 1727 saw service in Spain, Flanders,

:
in India, 1905-6.
LAWSON, SIR CHARLES ALLEN LEBEDEFF, HERASIM (1749-1815?)
(1838- )
A Russian said to be a Ukraine
:
Son of Jonathan Wise Lawson : born peasant took part in a Russian Embassy
:
May 17, Secretary of the Madras

1838 : to Naples, 1775 visited Paris and Lon-
:
Chamber of Commerce, 1862-92 Editor : don left England, 1785, apparently as a

:
Madras Daily News, 1863 Madras : bandmaster, for Madras stayed there 2 :
Times, 1864-68 founded and edited : years to Calcutta in Aug. 1787

: there :
Madras Mail, 1868-92 author of At : met with a Pandit who taught him San-
Home on Furlough, 1868 and 1874 The : skrit, Bengali, Hindustani (the mixed
Private Life of Warren Hastings, 1895 : Indian dialect, as he called it) built, :
knighted, 1887. with Government permission, an Indian

theatre at Calcutta, 1795 translated two :
English plays {The Disguise and Love is

LEACH, ESTHER (1809-1843) the Best Doctor) into Bengali the former :
Actress daughter of a soldier, and

:
was publicly performed in Nov. 1795, and
wife of Serg-Major John Leach, Fort March, 1796, with great applause (accord-
WiUiam educated at Berhampur by the
:
ing to its author) he then became theatri-:
regimental schoolmaster selected when a :

cal manager to the Great Mogul and
girl to take part in the regimental per-
finally returned to England, 1801, after
formances attracted the notice of the

:
more than 20 years in the East. In
officers, and presented with a copy of
London he puljlished his Hindustani
Shakespeare for 20 years the favourite
:
grammar {Grammar of the Pure and
actress at the Calcutta and Chowringhi Mixed East Indian Dialects, arranged
Theatres visited England, and, after her
:
according to the Brahmenian System of the
return, joined the new Sans Souci Theatre Shamscrit Language), 1801, and made the
in Park Street (now St. Xavier's College), acquaintance of Woronzow, the Russian
Calcutta. On Nov. 2, 1843, while playing a Ambassador, who sent him to Russia.
part in the Handsome Husband, her dress He was employed in the Russian Foreign
caught fire on the stage she was severely :
Office and given a large subvention to-
burnt, and died a few days later entirely :

wards founding at St. Petersburg the
" Imprimerie Indienne," a Sanskrit Press
self-taught, but a very versatile actress :
:
styled the " Indian Siddons," also good in died after 1815.
comedy :described as " for talent and
personal attractions, without a rival, even LE COUTEUR, JOHN (1761-1835)
in England." Of a Jersey family entered the 95th :
regt. in 1780 went to India in 1781 led

: :
two forlorn hopes against Hyder Ali

LE BAS, REV. CHARLES WEBB was under General Mathews in Malabar,
:
(1779-1861)
and with him besieged at Bednore by the
Born April 26, 1779 son of Charles I.e :
French and Tippoo, and taken prisoner
Bas, a shopkeeper in Bond Street edu- :
in 1783 cruelly treated as a prisoner at
:
cated at Hyde Abbey School, Winchester, Chitaldrug released in 1784: served in

:
and Trinity College, Cambridge Scholar, :

Jersey as inspecting officer of militia in :
4th Wrangler and Craven Scholar Fellow : :

Jamaica Lieutenant-Governor of Cura-
:
B.A., 1800 called to the bar from Lin-

:
90a in 1813 Lt-General, 1821: died :
coln's Inn, but ordained in 1809 Pre- :

April 23, 1835 wrote Letters from India,
:
bendary of Lincoln, 181 2 Mathematical :

1790.
Professor and Dean at the E.I. College,
Haileybury, in 181 3, and Principal, 1837- LEEKE, SIR HENRY JOHN
43 : retired died Jan. 25, 1861
: wrote :
(1790 P-1870)
about 80 articles in the British Critic and Son of Samuel Leeke : entered the Navy
in the British Magazine author of : in 1803 served in the Mediterranean,
:
geographical works, and several bio- on the coast of Africa knighted in 1835: :
graphies (among them that of Bishop and K.H. Superintendent and C. in C. of

:
Middleton, the first Bishop of Calcutta) the Indian Navy, 1852 in the Persian :
and tracts and sermons he was equally : war, 1856-7, he commanded the squadron
vigorous and copious as a preacher. which conveyed the troops bombarded :
Bushire on Nov. 10, 1856, and in 4 hours Brigadier in the Dekkan Field Force,
took it K.C.B. in 1858: Admiral in : 1815 Adjutant-General
:
of Bombay
1864 died in Feb. 1870.
: Army, 1817, and member of the Military
Board for 9 years second in command :
LEES, WILLIAM NASSAU (1825-1889) of the expedition to Arabia, 1820, at the

Son of Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart. : born defeat of the Joasmi Arabs and capture,
Feb. 26, 1825 educated at Nut Grove : 1821, of Beni-Boo-Ali Colonel, 7th N.I. :
and Trinity College, Dublin joined the : from 1824 until his death in 1826 com- :
42nd Bengal N.I. in 1846 Maj-General, : manded the Surat Division and the
1885 was for some years Principal and
: Presidency Division for 3 years President :
Professor of the Calcutta Madrasa, Secre- of the Military Board for 4 years retured, :
tary to the Board of Examiners at Fort 1831 Maj-General, 1837 and K.C.B.
:
William, and Translator to the Govern- Lt-General, 1848 General, 1854 died : :
ment of India was an eminent Oriental : June I, i860, at his small estate near
scholar edited a number of works in
: Cheltenham.
Arabic and Persian and Hindustani, and
wrote many papers for the Journals of
LEITH, JAMES (1826-1869)
the Royal Asiatic Society and the Asiatic Son General Sir Alexander Leith,
of
Society of Bengal wrote also for the :
K.C.B. with the 14th Hussars in the
:
DaUy Press in India, and was part pro- Persian war, 1857 in the mutiny at :
prietor of the Times of India LL.D. of :

Aurangabad with the Malwa Field Force
:
Dublin, 1857 and Doctor of Philosophy

:
at Dhar, and with the Central India
of Berlin died March g, 1889.
:
Field Force up to Kalpi gained the V.C. :
at Betwa, April i, 1858, charged alone and

LEE-WARNER, SIR WILLIAM rescued an officer of his regt. when sur-
(1846- ) rounded by a large number of rebel
born April 18, 1846
I.C.S. : son of : infantry Major, 1858
: was a member :
Canon James Lee-Warner educated at : of the Honble. Corps of Gentlemen-at

Rugby and John's College, Cam- St. Arms, 1863 died May 12, 1869.
:
bridge : Scholar
joined the Indian Civil :
Service, in Bombay, 1869 was Secretary :

LEITH, JOHN FARLEY (1809-1887)
to the Government of Bombay in the Called to the bar Q.C. practised as : :
Political- Judicial Departments : Addi- a barrister at Calcutta, 1832-46 Professor :
tional Member of the Governor-General's of Law at Haileybury, 1853-7 M.P. :
Legislative Council Chief Commissioner : for Aberdeen, 1872-80 died 1887. :
of Coorg, and Resident of Mysore, Feb.-

Sep. 1895 retired, 1895 Secretary in the
: :
LEITNER, GOTTLIEB WILHELM
(1840-1899)
Political Department, at the India Office,
1895-1902 Member of the Council of
: Born Budapest, 1840
in son of a :
India, since 1902 author of The PrO' : physician to Turkey, 1847

: educated :
tected Princes of India, The Citizen of at Malta Protestant College at 15 was :
India, The Marquis of Dalhousie, 1904 : appointed Chief Interpreter to H.M.'s

C.S.I., 1892: K.C.S.I., 1898.
fe^Jtfe^ •! Commissariat in the Crimean war, with
rank of Colonel attended the Muhamma- :
LEIGHTON, SIR DAVID (1774-1860)

dan Theological School at Constantinople :
Son of Thomas Leighton born 1774 : : entered at King's College, London, 1858 :
was a banker's clerk in Montrose ob- : appointed there, 1861, Professor of

tained a military cadetship in the E.I. Arabic and Muhammadan Law M.R.A.S., :
Co.'s service, 1795 went to Bombay : : 1861 :M.A. and Ph.D., Freiburg, 1862 :
Ensign and Lieutenant in Jan. 1797 : Principal of the Government College,

with the 5th N.I. in the Mysore campaign, Lahore, 1864 : founded ihe Anjuman-i-
1799 :at the siege of Seringapatam and Panjab : worked for the foundation of
the capture of Jalalabad under Colonel : the Pan jab University : organized many
A. Wellesley in the operations against schools, free libraries, literary Societies
Dhoondia Waugh, and the capture of and Journals in India : Registrar of the
several hill forts served with the 4th : Lahore University College explored :
N.I. in suppressing the Malabar rebellion : among, studied, and wrote on, the wild
Lt-Colonel in 9th N.I. in Dec. 1808 : tribes of the N.W. frontier, Dards,
Hanzas, etc.: established the J ournal/»^m« and up to Cawnpur temporarily Chief :
Public Opinion collected information on : Engineer under Sir Colin Campbell

the origins of Indian art, and specimens at his relief of Lucknow, in Nov. 1857 :
of Grasco- Buddhistic art claimed to be : was at the siege and capture in

the originator of the title Kaisar-i-Hind : March, 1858 was in a number of actions
: :
retired, 1887 : acquired the Royal Dra- in Rohilkund commanding Engineer in

:
matic College at Woking, and adapted it the Oudh campaign and in the Trans-
to an Oriental Institute there published : Gogra campaign two Brevets left : :
Languages and Races of Dardistan, The India in 1859 C.B., 1867 served at : :
Language and People of Hanza, and many Chatham attached to the German
:
works on education, philology, trade, armies in France in the Franco-German

dialects, etc. spoke, read, and wrote* 25
: war Military Attache at Constantinople,
:
languages edited the Asiatic Quarterly

:
1876 with the Turkish Armies in 1877
: :
Review, from Jan. 1890 died at Bonn, : commanded the garrison of Alexandria,
March 22, 1899 Ph.D. LL.D. D.O.L., : : : 1884-7, and in Ceylon, 1887-8 K.C.B., :
1882. 1 89 1 Director of Military Education,

:
1893-5 died Feb. 7, 1897.

:
LELY, SIR FREDERICK STYLES

PHILPIN (1846- ) LESLIE, SIR BRADFORD (1831- )
I.C.S. : born Dec. 16, 1846 : educated Born son of Charles R. Leslie,
1 83 1 :
at Pembroke College, Oxford : went to R.A. Civil Engineer

: designed and :
Bombay in the Indian Civil Service, built the first bridge over the Hughli
1869 : Member of the Dekkan Agricul- between Howrah and Calcutta, 1874, and
turists Relief Act Commission, 189 1-2 : the Jubilee Bridge over the Hughli at
Commissioner, N. Division, Bombay : Naihati, 1887 Fellow of the Calcutta :
Member of the Legislative Council, Bom- University K.C.I.E., 1887.

:
bay, 1899 of the Governor-General's

:
Legislative Council, 1903-4 officiating :

LESTER, FREDERICK PARKINSON
Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, (1795-1858)
1904-5 retired, 1905
:
C.S.I., 1901 : :
Son of John Lester
born Feb. 3, 1795 : :
K.C.I.E., 1905.
educated at Camberwell and Addiscombe :
joined the Bombay Artillery, 1811 rose :
LE MARCHANT, SIR JOHN to be Maj-General, 1854 in 1857 com* :
GASPARD (1803-1874) manded the Southern Division of the

Son of Maj-General John Gaspard Le Bombay Army his excellent precau- :
Marchant tionary measures prevented the mutiny

born 1803 educated at the
: =
R.M.C., Sandhurst from spreading to Western India died :

joined the loth foot, :
at Belgaum, July 3, 1858.

1820 served at the Cape, 1832
:
under :
Sir De Lacy Evans, in the Carlist war in

LETHBRIDGE, SIR ALFRED SWAINE
Spain, 1835-7 Knight Bachelor, 1838 : :
(1844- )
Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland,
1847-52 of Nova Scotia, 1852-7
:
Born Sep. 1844 son of W. F.30, :
Governor of Malta, 1859-64 Lethbridge educated at King's College,

:
C. in C. at :
Madras, 1865-8 G.C.M.G., i860 K.C.B., : :

London, and Aberdeen M.D. entered : :
1865 Lt-General the Bengal Medical Service, 1867, and

: died Feb. 6, 1874. :
became Lt-Colonel, 1887 served in :
Burma and Bengal Inspr-General of :
LENNOX, SIR WILBRAHAM OATES Jails in Bengal, 1878-92 general superin- :
(1830-1897) tendent for the suppression of Thagi and

Son of Lord John George Lennox, and Dakaiti, 1892 Additional Member of the :
grandson of the fourth Duke of Rich- Governor-General's Legislative Council,

mond born May 4, 1830
: privately : 1895-7 retired, 1898
: K.C.S.I., 1896. :
educated and at the R.M.A., Woolwich :
entered the R.E. in 1848 General in :

LETHBRIDGE, SIR ROPER
1893 served in the Crimea, 1854-6
:
:
(1840- )
won the Victoria Cross on the way out :

Born Dec. 23, 1840 : son of E. Leth-
to China, in 1857, was sent up to India, bridge : educated at Plymouth, Manna*
mead College and Exeter College Oxford : borating with Sir Walter Scott licensed :
Scholar called to the bar at the Inner

: as a preacher, 1798 studied medicine, :
Temple, 1880 served in the Bengal

: and became M.D. at St. Andrew's went :
Educational Department, 1868-76 joined : to Madras in 1803 Assistant Surgeon : :
the Political Department and appointed surveyed in, and reported on, Mysore
Press Commissioner with the Government travelled to Penang to Calcutta in 1806: :
of India, 1877-80 M.P. for North Ken-

: wrote on Oriental languages, became
sington, 1885 and 1886 retired, 1892 : : Professor of Hindustani at the College of
author of a History of India and several Fort WilUam, and J udge of the 24 Parganas,
educational works for use in India The : near Calcutta, and in 1809 Commissioner
Golden Book of India : edited the Cal- of the Court of Requests in Calcutta
cutta Review, 1871-8 Fellow of the : Assay Master of the Mint, 1810 to Java :
Calcutta University C.I.E., 1878 :K.B., : in 181 1 with Lord Minto, as Malay inter-
1885: K.C.I.E., 1890 : D.L. : J. P. preter died of fever at Cornells, Aug. 28,
:
181 1 he translated Malay Annals into

:
LEUMANN, ERNST (1859- English, and the Commentaries of Baber :
Born April 11, 1859 son of Konrad : his early death was deplored by leading
Leumann, a Swiss country clergyman : literati as a loss to Oriental learning and
educated at Frauenfeld, Switzerland at : literature.
Leipzig and Berlin, 1878-82 Phil.D. :
at Leipzig, 1881, with the edition of a LIGHT, FRANCIS (1740-1794)

text belonging to the Jain canon assisted : Born at Dallingho, Suffolk, Dec. 1740 :
Monier-Williams [q.v.], 1882-4 and 1886-9, educated at Woodbridge Grammar School

in preparing the new edition of his San- entered the R.N. becoming afterwards
:
skrit-English dictionary, 1899 Sanskrit : a trader at Junk, Ceylon he later founded :
Professor at Strasburg since 1884 has : the settlement of Pulo Penang in the
devoted himself chiefly to researches Straits Settlements, and was first Super-
concerning the Jain religion and the his- intendent there, his Commission being
tory of Sanskrit has written books and
: dated March 2, 1786. He took possession
papers on that religion, and on linguistic of the settlement as " Prince of Wales'
questions concerning Sanskrit has pro- : Island," Aug. 11, 1786 and administered :
cured, for the Strasburg Library, a good it till his death in 179 1. He destroyed a
collection of Jain manuscripts. pirate fleet sent against the settlement by
the Raja of Keddah died, much re- :
LEVI, SYLVAIN (1863- gretted, at Penang, Oct. 21, i794-
Born March 28, 1863, at Paris son of :
Louis Levi, merchant studied at Paris:

LILLY, WILLIAM SAMUEL (1840- )
Doctor of Letters, 1890 appointed Pro- : I.C.S. born July 10, 1840
: son of :
fessor of Sanskrit at the " Ecole des William Lilly educated at Peterhouse,
:
Hautes Etudes," 1886, and at the College Cambridge entered the Madras Civil
:
de France, 1894 among his chief works

: Service, 1862 Under Secretary to
:
are Le Theatre Indien, 1890 La Doctrine : Madras Government, 1869 retired, Oct. :
du Sacrifice dans les Brahmanas, 1898 : 1872 : has published many works con-
Le Nepal, 1905, besides numerous articles nected with philosophy, politics and
in the Journal Asiatique, etc. he went on : CathoHcism, including India and its
a scientific mission to India and Japan, Problems, 1902 Christianity and Modern
;
1897-8 : co-operated in the Revue Civilization, 1903.

Critique, and in La Grande Encyclopedic :
wrote the article on " India " in this LINDSAY, SIR ALEXANDER
latter work. (1785-1872)
Son of James Smyth Lindsay : born
LEYDEN, JOHN (1775-1811)
1785 : Ensign in the 104th regt. at the
Son John Leyden born Sep. 8, 1775,
of : age of 9 educated at the R.M.A., Wool-
:
educated at Kirktown and Edinburgh wich : joined the Bengal Artillery, 1804 :
University studied languages and con-
: at the siege of Gohud, 1806 in Bundel- :
tributed to literary periodicals and pro- kund, 1807-8 in the Nipal campaign,
:
duced independent works, besides colla- 1814-16, severely wounded at Hariharpur :

at the siege of Hatras, 1817 in the Pin- : LITTLER, SIR JOHN HUNTER
dari war, 1817-18 commanded the : (1783-1856)
Artillery in Arakan in the first Burmese Son Thomas Littler
of born Jan. 6, :
war, 1824-5 C.B., 1831 General in

: :
1783 :educated at Acton, near Nant-
1859 : K.C.B., 1862 : died Jan. 22, 1872. wich :joined the loth Bengal N.I. in
1800 captured by a French privateer on
LINDSAY, HON. CHARLES ROBERT :
his outward voyage served in Lord :

(1784-1835)
Lake's campaigns of 1804-5 in Java, :
I.C.S. : born Aug. 20, 1784 : son of the 1811-16 Assistant Commissary General,
:
sixth Earl of Balcarres arrived in Cal- :

1816-42 Maj-General in 1841
: com- :
cutta as a writer, 1803 assistant to the :

manded the Agra Division, 1843, and a
Magistrate of Sylhet, 1806-10 nearly :
Division at Maharajpur, 1843 : K.C.B. :
the whole time engaged against the incur- in 1845 commanded the Firozpur Division :
sions of KuUian Sing, a native chief of offered battle, which they avoided, to the
marauders employed at Dacca and the
:
Sikhs, when they crossed the Satlaj in
24 Parganas Agent in charge of the :
Dec. 1845 commanded a Division at
:
Salt Monopoly, 181 1-34 on a voyage :

Firozshahr G.C.B., 1849
: Member of :
for health to Singapore, died there Julv 4, the Supreme Council in India, Feb. 1848,
1835. to Dec. 1852 Deputy-Governor of :
Bengal, March, 1849, to Jan. 1852 retired

LINDSAY, CHARLES ROBERT as Lt-General Colonel of the 36th N.I.
:
:
(1826-1895)
died Feb. 18, 1856.
Born Jan. 18, 1826 son of Colin Lind
:
say, of the Balcarres family educated : LOCKHART, SIR GR^ME ALEX-

at Haileybury, 1842-4 went out to : ANDER SINCLAIR, BARONET
India, 1845 employed in the N.W.P.: : (1820- )
in Rohilkund, as Magistrate-Collector and

Born Jan. 1820 son of Robert
23, :
Judge Judge and Commis-

of Fatehghar,
Lockhart succeeded his cousin in the
:
sioner of Gorakhpur Judge, of the Sadr :

Baronetcy, 1899 educated privately : :
Court at Agra Judge of Moradabad : :
entered the Army, 1837 served in the :
Judge of the Chief Court of the Panjab, Persian war, 1857, and in the Indian
1870-80 retired, 1880 died Feb. 23,
: :
mutiny, 1857-8 entered Lucknow with :
1895.
Havelock's force commanded his regi- :
LINTON, SIR WILLIAM (1801-1880) ment at Lucknow : C.B.
Son of Jabez Linton born 1801 : :
educated at Edinburgh University joined :

LOCKHART, SIR WILLIAM STEPHEN
the Army Medical Department, 1826 :
ALEXANDER (1841-1900)
M.D. of Glasgow Staff Surgeon, 1848 : :
Son Rev. Lawrence Lockhart
of the :
served in Canada, W. Indies, etc., in the born Sep. 2, 1841 joined the 44th Bengal :
Crimea as D.I.G. of hospitals C.B. in : : N.I. in 1858 became General in 1896

: :
the Indian mutiny was Inspr-General of served in the mutiny, with the 5th Fusi-
Hospitals, and P.M.O. of the European liers, in Oudh in 1858-9 in Bhutan, in :
Army retired, 1863

: K.C.B., 1865 : :
1864-6 as Adjutant in the Abyssinian :
died Oct. 9, 1880. campaign of 1867-8 D.A.Q.M.G. in the :
Hazara expedition, 1868 served in Achin :
LITTLE, SIR ARCHIBALD (1810-1891) with the Dutch, 1875-7 in the Q.M.G.'s :
"•
Son of Archibald Little born 1810 : department in Afghanistan, 1878-80

educated at Charterhouse entered the : at Kabul and in the Khyber D. Q.M.G., :
Army, 1831 with the 9th Lancers in the

: Intelligence Branch, 1880-5 sent to =
Satlaj campaign, 1846 at Sobraon : : Chitral : Brigadier in the Burma war,

Brig-General of Cavalry at the relief of 1886-7 :K.C.B. C.S.I. Assistant : :
Lucknow at the Dilkusha and at Cawn-

: Military Secretary for Indian affairs at
pur on Dec. 6, 1857 at the actions of : the Horse Guards, 1889-90 commanded :
Serajghat and Khudaganj Colonel of : the Panjab Frontier Force, 1890-5 in :
nth Hussars, 1873-5, and of 9th Lancers the Miranzai, Isazai, Waziristan expedi-
after 1875 K.C.B., 1870 General,
: : tions, in command K. C.S.I. commanded : :
1880 G.C.B.
: died June 10, 1891. : 40,000 men in the Tirah expedition, 1897 :
i
G.C.B. : and appointed C. in C. in India Missionary Society stationed near Cal« :
in 1898 : died at Calcutta, March 18, 1900. cutta in 1861 he wrote a preface to, and
:
superintended the translation of, the Nil

LOCKWOOD, SIR GEORGE H. Darpan, a Bengali play, directed against
( ? -1884) the indigo planters. " Padre " Long,
as
Joined the 3rd Light Dragoons, he was called, was indicted for libel, and
1825 :commanded them in Afghanistan sentenced to Rs. 1,000 fine and a month's
in 1842 under General Pollock at the : imprisonment. He wrote a number of
forcing of the Khyber, Jagdalak, Tezin, works, chiefly connected with Bengal, its
Haft-Kotal, Kabul and Istalif C.B. in : : people, language and Hterature, Calcutta
the Panjab campaign of 1848-9 com- : and its history, but also on wider ques-
manded a Brigade at Gujarat K.C.B. : : tions of Indian pohtics. He was F.R.G.S.
Lt-General, 1862 General, 1870 retired,
: : and member of the Asiatic Society of
1877 :died April 15, 1884. Bengal returned to England in 1872 :
:
wrote Eastern Proverbs and Emblems,

LOGAN, JAMES RICHARDSON illustrating Old Truths, for Triibner's
( ? -1869) Oriental series died March 23, 1887. :
Educated for the law went (1830-40) to :
Penang in the Straits Settlements, where he LONGDEN, SIR HENRY ERRINGTON

acquired a leading position, and worked for (1819-1890)
the good of the settlement wrote scientific : General born Jan. 1829
: son of :
papers for the Asiatic Society of Bengal's Thomas Hayter Longden educated at :
journal, on the Geology of Singapore, and Eton and Sandhurst joined the loth :
edited the Journal of the Indian Archi- regt. in 1836 was in the Sikh wars of
:
pelago and Eastern Asia, 1847, dealing with 1845-6 and 1848-9, at Sobraon, the sieges
the languages and ethnology of the of Multan, Cheniote,
Gujarat. In the
Indian Archipelago he also initiated and : mutiny he was under Sir Colin
of 1857,
edited the Penang Gazette was Notary : Campbell, and engaged in the Azimghar
Public of the Supreme Court, and member and Jaunpur districts, in the advance on
of learned Societies of England died at :
Lucknow, its siege and capture, at the
Penang, Oct. 20, 1869. reliefs of Azimghar in 1858, and in the
Jagdishpur jungles : Adjutant-General
LOGIN, SIR JOHN SPENCER in India, 1866-9 = K.C.B. and C.S.I. :
(1809-1863) died Jan. 29, 1890.

Educated at the University of Edin- LOPES, DAVID MELLO (1867- )
burgh became an Assistant Sturgeon in
:
the E. I. Co.'s service, 1832 was appointed :

Born son of Jose Amaro
April, 1867 :
to the Bengal Horse Artillery served :

Lopes educated
: at Lisbon (Curso.
Superior de Letras), and at L'Ecole des
with the Nizam's Army in 1836, on Sir :
C. Metcalfe's Staff, when Lieutenant-

Langues Orientales in Paris appointed, in :
Governor of the N.W.P. in the Afghan :

1895, Professor of the French Language
at the Lyceum Central in 190 1, Professor
war, in medical charge of the Horse :
Artillery, and of the British Mission to

of French Language and Literature to.
the Curso Superior de Letras at Lisbon
Herat, also in a political capacity on the :
:
has written Chronica dos Reis de Bisnaga,

C. in C.'s staff, 1840 Surgeon to the :
1897 Historia dos Portugueses in Malabar,.

British Residency at Lucknow, and Superin- ;
1898.
tendent of Hospitals to the King of Oudh :
in the Panjab campaign, 1848-9 on the :

LORD, PERCIVAL BARTON (1808-
annexation of the Panjab became Guard- 1840)
ian and Superintendent of the Maharaja
Son of the Rev. John Lord born 1808 : :
Dulip Singh knighted, 1854
: : retired,
educated at Dublin University M.D., :
1858 died Oct. 18, 1863.

:
1832 studied for the medical profession

:
at Edinburgh assistant surgeon in the

:
LONG, REV. JAMES (1814-1887)

E. I. Co.'s service at Bombay, 1834 :
Bornin 1814 passed some time in

: medical officer with Sir A. Burnes on his .
Russia ordained in 1839

: went to : mission to Kabul into Tartary in 1837, :
India in 1846 as a Missionary of the Church to Kunduz : Political Assistant to (Sir)

W. H. Macnaghten (q.v.) in 1838, in the interference in Oudh in 1855 K.C.B., :
fighting in the Khyber, 1839 sent to : 1862 : G.C.S.I., 1873 : died Jan. 10, 1880.
obtain information, in 1839-40, of the
Amir Dost Muhammad after his flight : LOW, SIR ROBERT CUNLIFFE
Bameean
during the winter at killed, : (1838- )
when Dost Muhammad defeated the General born 1838 son of General
: :
British force, at Parwandarra, Nov. 2, Sir John Low, K.C.B. entered the Bengal :
1840. Cavahry, 1854 served in the Indian :
mutiny, 1857-8 Afghan war, 1879-

LORIMER, JOHN GORDON :
-
80 : Burmah war, 1886-8 commanded :
( ? )
the Chitral expedition, 1895 commanded :
I.C.S. educated at Edinburgh Univer-

:
the forces in Bombay, 1 898-1903 G.C.B., :
sity and Christ Church, Oxford joined :

1896.
the Indian Civil Service in the Panjab,
and became a Deputy Commissioner, LOWE, EDWARD WILLIAM HOWE
1902 Political Ofi&cer, North Waziristan,
:
DE LANCY (1820-1880)
1898-9, and in the Khyber, 1899 :
Son of Sir Hudson Lowe
born Feb. 8, :
Assistant Secretary in the Foreign Depart-
1820 educated at Sandhurst
:
entered
ment of the Government of India, 1899- :
the 32nd regt., 1837 served in the Panjab

author of Customary Law of the
:
1900 :
campaign of 1848-9, at Multan and

Peshawar District, Grammar and Vocabu-
Gujarat at Lucknow, in command of
lary of Waziri-Pashtu CLE., 1902. :
:
the 32nd, throughout the defence, and in

LOW, CHARLES RATHBONE the subsequent operations in the Oudh :
(1837- campaign, 1858-9 C.B. retired, 1872 : : :

)
Maj-General, 1877 died Oct. 21, 1880. :
Born Oct. 30, 1837 : son of Major J. H.

Low educated
: at Douglas College, Isle
LOWIS, JOHN (1801-1871)
ofMan joined the Indian Navy, 1853
: :
served in Indian and China seas, the I.C.S. son of Capt. Ninian Lowis of
:
Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and East Coast of the E. I. Co.'s Navy born Jan. 19, 1801 :
;
Africa Assistant Secretary and Librarian,

:
educated at the High School, Edinburgh,
Royal United Service Institute, 1865-8 :
and at Haileybury, 1817-19 served in :
author of many books, including History Lower Bengal, Magte-Collr of Rajshahi,

of the British Navy, 1872 Life of Sir G. ;
1823 Commissioner of Dacca, 1836
:
:
Pollock, 1873 History of the Indian ;

Member of the Board of Revenue, 1842,
Navy, 1877 The First Afghan ; War, Member of the Supreme Council of the
1879 Life of Lord Roberts, 1883. ^ Governor-General, Dec. i, 1848, to Dec. i,
;
^
1853 died Jan. i, 1871.
:
LOW, SIR JOHN (1788-1880)

LUCAS, SIR ALFRED WILLIAM
Son of Captain Robert Low born Dec. :
(1822-1896)
13, 1788 : educated at St. Andrew's
University entered the ist Madras N.I.,
:
General son of Charles Lucas entered
:
•
the Bombay Army, 1838 served in the

in 1805: bepame Brig-General, 1854: :
S. Mahratta campaign, 1844-5 in the

General, 1867 in the Java expedition, :
:
181 1 :against the Guntur rebels, 1816 :

Persian war, 1856-7 at Muhamra in : :
the mutiny, 1857-9 in the Rajputana

A.D.C. to Sir J. Malcolm at Mahidpur, =
Field Force, at the taking of Kotah, in the

1817 :in the Chindwarra district, 1818 :
pursuit of Tantia Topi Brevet -Major

Resident with Baji jRao {q.v.), the Ex- : :
Peshwa, at Cawnpur, 1819-25 Political :

Head of the Commissariat Department in
theAbyssinian expedition, 1867-8 Brevet-
Agent at Jaipur, 1825 at Gwalior, 1830 : :
:
Resident at Lucknow, 1831-42 C.B., :

Colonel C.B. :Deputy Commissary :
1838 Agent to the Governor-General for

:
General, Bombay, 1863-77 General, :
Rajputana, 1848-52 Resident at Hydera- :

1889 K.C.B. 1893
: died Feb. 19, 1896.
, :
bad, 1852-3 negotiated the treaty of

:
May 21, 1853, with the Nizam Military :

LUCK, SIR GEORGE (1840- )
Member of the Supreme Council, Sep. Born Oct. 24, 1840 educated privately : :
1853 resigned in April, 1858

: advocated : joined the Army, 1858 Lt-Colonel, 15th :
Hussars, 1879 Brig-General, command-

: LUMSDEN, SIR HARRY BURNETT
ing Sind District, 1884 Inspr-General of : (1821-1896)
Cavalry in India, 1887-93 commanded :
Born Nov. 12, 1821 son of Colonel :
Quetta District, 1893 Lt-General in :

Thomas Lumsden, C.B., of the Bengal
command of Bengal Army, 1898-1903 :
Artillery educated at Aberdeen and
:
K.C.B., 1897. Bromley joined the 59th Bengal N.I. in

:
1838 with the 33rd N.I. in the forcing of

LUDLOW, JOHN MALCOLM :
the Khyber, 1842 in the Satlaj campaign :

(1821- )
of 1845-6, wounded at Sobraon Assistant :
Bom at Nimach, March 8, 1821 son :

to Sir H. M. Lawrence at Lahore in 1846 :
of Colonel John Ludlow, C.B., H.E.I. C.S. :

with a force through the Hazara country :
educated at College Bourbon, Paris :

formed the corps of Guides, horse and
called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1843, foot, and originated the khaki uniform for
and practised as Conveyancer till 1874 :
the Indian Army with the Guides at :
Secretary to the Royal Commission on Multan, 1848-9 at Gujarat in affairs : :
Friendly and Benefit Societies, 1870-4 :

with the frontier tribes in 1857-8 sent :
Registrar of Friendly Societies in England, on a mission to Kandahar with (Sir) P. S.

1874 Chief Registrar of Friendly Socie-
:
Lumsden and Dr. H. W. Bellew, to ensure
ties, 1874-91 C.B., 1887 author of
: :
the proper application of the subsidy to
several books, including British India, its the Amir C.B. in 1859 in the Waziri
: :
Races and its History, 1858 The War in ; expedition, i860 attacked by a fanatic : :
Oudh, 1858 Thoughts on the Policy of the

; commanded the Hyderabad Contingent,
Crown towards India, 1859 has contri- :
1862-9 Maj-General, 1868
: left India :
buted to various Journals and Magazines :

in 1869 K.C.S.I., 1873 Lt-General,
: :
Member of the " British India Society " 1875 died Aug. 12, 1896.
:
and of the " India Reform Society," and

on the Council of the original " Imperial LUMSDEN, MATTHEW (1777-1835)
Federation League."
Son of born 1777 John Lumsden : :
LUGARD, SIR EDWARD (1810-1898) educated at King's College, Old Aber-

Born 1810 son of Capt. John Lugard
: : deen to India in 1794 in the E. I. Co.'s
:
educated at the R.M.A., Sandhurst employ studied Persian and Arabic

: :
entered the Army, 1828 in the Afghan : appointed in 1803 Assistant Professor of
war, 1842, as Brig-Major A.A.G. in the : Arabic and Persian at the College of Fort
Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 Adjutant- : William Professor in 1808
: Secretary :
General of the Queen's troops in the to the Calcutta Madrasa in 1812 in :
Panjab campaign, 1848-9 C.B. A.D.C. : : charge of the Company's Press at Calcutta,
toQueen Victoria Chief of the Staff in the : 1 8 14-7 Secretary to the Stationery
:
Persian expedition, 1856-7 Adjt-Genl. in : Committee, 181 8 made a journey :
India Brig-General at capture of Luck-

: through Persia, Georgia and Russia to
now Maj-General and K.C.B.
: Secre- : England, 1820 again in India, as Pro- :
tary for military correspondence in the fessor, 1822-5 retired, 1826 died in : :
War Department, 1859-61 : Permanent England, March 31, 1835 wrote Persian :
Under Secretary, 1861-71 : Privy Council- and Arabic grammars, and edited the
lor, 1871Commissioner : for the Abolition Shahnama LL.D. of Old Aberdeen. :
of Army Purchase : retired, 1880

LUMSDEN, SIR PETER STARK
General, 1872 : G.C.B. : died Nov. i, 1898.
(1829- )
LUMLEY, SIR JAMES R. ( ? -1846) General born Nov. 9, 1829 son of Col-
: :
Maj-General : joined the Army, 1796 : onel T. Lumsden, C.B. educated at Addis- :
commanded his regt. at Bhartpur, 1805 : combe entered the Indian Army, 1847:
:
was present at the capture of the Isle of served in N.W. Frontier campaign, 1851-
France in the Nipal war, 18 14-6
: in : 4 on the special mission to Kandahar,
:
the Pindari war, 1817-8 at Maharajpur : 1857 in the China war, i860, at the
:
and GwaHor, 1843 Colonel of the 9th : capture of Taku Forts and Pekin with :
N.I. Adjutant-General of the Army,

: Bhutan Field Force, 1865 D.Q.M.G., :
1833-46 K.C.B. was 50 years in

: : 1864-8 Q.M.G., 1868-73 acting Resident
: :
India died at Firozpur, March 2, 1846.

: at Hyderabad, 1873 Adjutant-General, -
1874-9 Chief of the Staff in India,
'
1869 retired, 1871 : Treasurer of Guy's
:
1879 A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1870-

: Hospital for many years died Oct. 29, :
81 : Member of the Council of India, 1904.

1883-93 British Commissioner for the
:
demarcation of the N.W. boundary of LUSHINGTON, SIR JAMES LAW

Afghanistan, 1884-5 C.S.I. , 1870 : :
(1779-1859)
K.C.B., 1879 G.C.B., 1885 : D.L. : :
Son of Rev. James Stephen Lushington,

J. P. author of Lumsden of the
: Guides,
and brother of Stephen Rumbold Lushing-
1899.
ton entered the Madras Army in 1797,
:
LUNDGREN, EGRON SELLIF (1815- and rose to be a full General, 1854 was a :
1875) Director of the E. I. Co., 1827, and Chair-

man of the Court in 1838, 1842, 1848 :
A Swedish artist born Dec. 18, 181 5 : :

M.P. for many years : died May 29, 1859 :
studied art at Stockholm and Paris in :

G.C.B.
the Indian mutiny he accompanied Sir
Colin Campbell in his Oudh campaign :
made 500 sketches and many portraits, LUSHINGTON, STEPHEN RUMBOLD

which were exhibited in England, and (1776-1868)
sold he published Letters from India :
:
I.C.S. : son of Rev. James Stephen
died at Stockholm, Dec. 12, 1875. Lushington : born May, 1776 educated :
at Rugby : went to Madras, 1790 Secre- :
LUSHINGTON, CHARLES (1785-1866)

tary and Persian Translator to the Board
I.C.S. : son of Sir Stephen Lushington, of Revenue in 1798 Private Secretary :
Bart. : born 1785 arrived in India, : to General (Lord) Harris when C. in C. at

1801 : Assistant in the Governor-General's Madras and Acting Governor left the :
office, 1804 Deputy Secretary in the

: E. I. Co.'s service in 1807 M.P. for Rye, :
Secret, Political and Foreign Depart- 1807-12 and for Canterbury, 1812-30
: :
ments in 1809 Secretary in the Public : Chairman of Committees in the House of

Department, officiating in the S.P. and F. Commons: Joint Secretary of the Treasury,
Depts. Private Secretary to the Governor-
: 1824-7 Privy Councillor, 1827
: Gover- :
General (Mr. John Adam) in 1823 Chief : nor of Madras, Oct. 1827-Oct. 1832 :
Secretary to the Government of India, again M.P. for Canterbury, 1835-7 :
1825 Acting Superintendent of the

: D.C.L. died Aug. 5, 1868 : wrote a life :
Botanical Garden, 1826 member of a : of his father-in-law, Lord Harris, 1840.

number of Committees retired in 1827 : :
was M.P. for Ashburton, 1833-41, and LYALL, SIR ALFRED COMYN
for Westminster, 1847-52 died Sep. 23, :
(18.35- )
1866 published a History of Calcutta's
:
Religious Institutions, 1824 his first wife :

I.C.S. son of Rev. Alfred Lyall
: :
wrote a narrative of her Journey from born 1835 educated at Eton and Hailey-
:
Calcutta to Europe, by Way of Egypt in bury entered the Bengal Civil Service,
:
1827-8, 1829. 1855 in the Indian mutiny saw service

:
in the Bulandshahr District, at Meerut,

LUSHINGTON, EDWARD HARBORD and with the Khaki Risala of volunteers :
(1822-1904) Commissioner in Berar, 1867 Secretary :
I.C.S. son of the Right Hon. Stephen

: to the Government of India in the Home,
Lushington entered the Bengal Civil
: 1873-4, and Foreign, 1878-82, Depart-
Service, 1841 Magte.-Collr. Secretary
: : ments A.G.G. for Rajputana, 1874-8
: :
to the Board of Revenue Commissioner, : Lieutenant-Governor of N.W.P., 1882-7 •'
during the mutiny, Burdwan, with of Chancellor of the Allahabad University :
Manbhum and Singhbhum attached : Member of the Council of India, 1888-

present in engagements with mutineers, 1903 author of Verses written in India,
:
and wounded Commissioner of the : British Dominion in India, Asiatic Studies,

Nadia Division Secretary to the Govern- : Life of Warren Hastings (English Men of
ment of Bengal, 1861 Secretary to the : Action series). K.C.B., 1881 G.C.I.E.: :
Government of India in the Financial 1896 D.C.L., Oxford LL.D., Cambridge,

: :
Department, 1863, until he left India in P.C., 1902.

257
LYALL, SIR CHARLES JAMES Temple, 1837 appointed by the Court
:
(1845- ) of Durectors in 1842 to be

Advocate-
I.C.S. born March g, 1845
: son of :
General, Bengal: applied himself to
Charles Lyall educated at King's College :
education of the Hindus Member of the :
School and College, and at Balliol College, Council of Education: highly esteemed
Oxford went to the N.W.P. in the Bengal
:
by the natives, for whose welfare and
Civil Service, 1867 Assistant Under :
happiness he exerted himself: the law
Secretary in the Foreign Department of students of the Hindu College erected
the Government of India, 1872 Under :
there a tablet to him as "the zealous
Secretary in the Revenue, Agriculture friend of the native, and the first
gratui-
and Commerce Department, 1873-80 tous lecturer on jurisprudence in this
Secretary to Chief Commissioner, Assam, Hall" died of cholera at Government
:
1880-3: Judge and Commissioner, Assam, House, Barrackpur, March 9, 1845.

1883-4 Secretary to Government of India
:
in the Department of Revenue and Agricul-

LYNCH, HENRY BLOSSE (1807-1873)
ture, 1886 returned to Assam, 1887-9
: =
Captain: son of Major Henry Blosse
Secretary to the Government of India, Lynch born Nov. 24, 1807 joined the
:
:
Home Department, 1889-94 Chief Com- :

Indian Navy, 1823 employed in the =
missioner, Central Provinces, 1895-8 :

Survey of the Persian Gulf, acting as
Secretary at the India Office in the Judi- interpreter in Persian and Arabic to the
cial and Public Department, 1898 :
Squadron, 1829-32 commanded the :
C.I.E., 1880 K.C.S.I., 1897 author of

: :
Enterprise, 1830-2, and examined S.
Translations in Arabic Poetry, 1885 Ten Persia shipwrecked in the Red Sea
:
;
Arabic Poems, 1894 and contributed to ;

served in command of the expedition
the Encyclopaedia Britannica. under Col. F. R. Chesney to explore the
Euphrates route to India, 1834 in com- :
LYALL, DAVID ROBERT (1841- )

mand of it, 1837 ascended the Tigris, :
and completed the map of it, 1839 ex- :
I.C.S. : born Nov. 24, 1841 son of :

tended, by his explorations, the geo-
David Lyall educated at Edinburgh
:
graphical knowledge of Mesopotamia
Academy : went to Lower Bengal in the had charge of the postal service across
Civil Service, 1861 Inspr-General of
:
Syria till 1842 commanded a flotilla to
:
Police, L.P., 1883-7 : Commissioner of co-operate with Sir C. Napier in Sind,

Chittagong, 1887-91 : Commissioner of 1843 : held various naval shore appoint-
Patna, 189 1-2 : Member of Board of ments in Bombay, 1844-51 in the second :
Revenue, 1892-6 retired, 1896 Politi- : :

Burmese war commanded a squadron in
cal Officer with the Chin-Lushai expedition, the naval operations C.B., 1853 retired : :
1888 :C.S.I. Superintendent of the :

to Paris, 1856 after the Persian war, of
:
Cooch Behar State, 1896-9. 1856-7, conducted at Paris the negotia-

tions with the Persian Ambassador which
LYALL, SIR JAMES BROADWOOD led to the Treaty of Paris, March 4, 1857 :
(1838- )
made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of
I.C.S. born March 6, 1838
: son of : the Lion and Sun died April 14, 1873. :
Rev. Alfred Lyall educated at Eton and :
went to the Pan jab in the

LYON, ISIDORE BERNADOTTE
Haileybury :
(1839- )
Bengal Civil Service, 1858-9 Financial
Born May 28, 1839 educated at Edin-
:
Commissioner in the Pan jab Resident in :
burgh High School, and University College,

Mysore, 1883-7 Lieutenant-Governor :
London joined the Indian Medical

:
of the Panjab, 1887-92 Member of the :
Service, 1865 Professor of Anatomy,

:
Royal Opium Commission, 1893-4 Presi- :
Grant Medical College, Bombay, 1866,

dent of the Indian Famine Commission,
and of Chemistry, 1867, and subsequently
1898 rjjK.C.S.L, 1888: G.C.I. E., 1892.
of Medical Jurisprudence retired, 1892 : :
CLE., 1889 author of Food Tables for

:
LYALL, JOHN EDWARDES (1811-1845) India, 1877 Text Book of Medical luris-
;
Son George Lyall, M.P.

of educated : prudence for India, 1889, 1890 Brig- :
at Eton, Haileybury, Balliol College, Surgeon Lt-Colonel M.R.C.S. F.C.S.

: : : :
Oxford called to the bar at the Inner

: F.I.C.
LYSTER, HARRY HAMMON (1830- )
Negotiations with the Amir of Afghanistan
were resumed, but fruitless the reception :
Bom 1830 son of A. Lyster

: served :
of a Russian envoy at Kabul, and the

in the Indian mutiny, in Central India,
rejection of a British mission, led to the
1857-8 V.C. Afghan war, 1878-9
:
Afghan war, 1879-80, which is a matter
:
Commanded 3rd Gurkha regt., 1879-87 :
of history Lytton's policy, denounced at

:
C.B., 1881.
the time, can appeal to its results. He con-
LYTTELTON, HON. SIR NEVILLE ducted the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi on
GERALD (1845- )
Jan. I, 1877, for the proclamation of H.M.
Queen Victoria's assumption of the title of
Born Oct. 28, 1845 son of 4th Baron
:
he had to deal with
Empress of India :
Lyttelton : educated at Eton entered :

the famines in Bombay, Madras, Mysore,
the Army, 1865, and became Lt-Colonel, and visited these Provinces in Aug.-
1892 : was A.D.C. to Earl Spencer as Sept. 1877 the Famine Commission sat,
:
Viceroy of Ireland, 1868-73 Military "

and the system of " famine insurance
:
Secretary to Sir John Adye, as Governor was established the finances were further
:
of Gibraltar, 1883-5, and to Lord Reay decentralized internal customs were

:
as Governor of Bombay, 1885-90 was in :

abolished the cotton duties repealed
: :
the Jowaki expedition, 1877 Egyptian

the Vernacular Press Act was passed
:
campaign, 1882, at Tel-el- Kebir brevet- :

provision was made for the admission of
Lt-Colonel : in Nile expedition, 1898, in more natives of India to civilians' appoint-
command of a Brigade, at Khartum :
ments : his speeches, minutes, and des-

Maj-General A.A.G., at the War Office,
:
patches have never been surpassed his :
1895 : Assistant Military Secretary, War disregard of convention gave opportunity

Office, 1897-8 ; in command of a Brigade
to hostile critics, who gave little credit to
at Aldershot, 1 899-1900, and of a Brigade his genius and great qualities. He was
in S. Africa, 1899-1900 : commanded in
made an Earl in 1880 on his resignation
Natal, 1901-2 K.C.B. and Lt-General
: :
with Lord Beaconsfield's Ministry. After

commanded the Forces in South Africa, leaving India, he was Ambassador to
1903-4 Chief of the Staff in the Army
:
and wrote his father's
France, 1887-91 :
Council, 1904. Life, Glenaveril, After Paradise, King

Poppy died at Paris, Nov. 24, 1891.
LYTTON, EDWARD ROBERT BUL- :
WER, FIRST EARL OF (1831- LYVEDEN, ROBERT VERNON SMITH,

1891) FIRST BARON (1800-1873)
Viceroy and Governor-General : son of Born Feb. 23, 1800 son of Robert :
the first Baron Lytton born Nov. 8, :

Percy Smith, " Bobus," {q.v.), and nephew
1831 : educated at Harrow and Bonn of Sydney Smith educated at Eton and :
was Private Secretary to his uncle, Lord Christ Church, Oxford M.P. for Truro, :
Dalling, at Washington and Florence 1829-30 for Northampton,

: 1831-59 :
paid Attache at the Hague, St. Peters Junior Lord of the Treasury, 1830-4 :
burg, Constantinople and Vienna wrote :

Joint Secretary to the Board cf Control
under the name of Owen Meredith, Clytem for the affairs of India, 1835-9 Secretary :
nestra, the Earl's Return, and other Poems for War and the Colonies, 1839-41 Presi- :
The Wanderer, Lucile, Tannhauser, The dent of the Board of Control, Feb. 1855,
Ring of Amasis : held diplomatic appoint to Feb. 1858, during the Indian mutiny :
ments at Belgrade, Vienna, Copenhagen made a Peer, 1859 G.C.B., 1872 died : :
Athens, Lisbon, Madrid, again at Vienna Nov. 10, 1873.

Paris, and was Minister at Lisbon, 1872-6
when he was, after decHning the Governor
ship of Madras, chosen by Lord Beacons
field to be Viceroy and Governor-General
MACARTNEY, GEORGE, FIRST EARL
(1737-1806)
of India wrote Chronicles and Characters,
:
Orval, or the Fool of Time, Fables in Song, Governor son of George Macartney
: :
etc. He succeeded his father in the born May 14, 1737 educated at Trinity :
Peerage, 1873, and held the Viceroyalty College, Dublin Envoy Extraordinary :
from April 12, 1876, to June 8, 1880 it : to St. Petersburg, 1764-7 knighted : :
was an eventful and important time. Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1767-72 :
K.B. : Captain-General and Governor great speech on the second reading

of the Caribbee islands, 1 775-9 made : appointed Legal Member of the Supreme
an Irish Peer, 1776 defended Grenada : Council in India went out in 1834
: :
and made prisoner of war, but released landed at Madras in June was at Ootaca- :
appointed Governor of Madras and held mund with Lord W

Bentinck, the Gover-
.
the office from June 22, 1781, to June 8, nor-General, until he went on to Calcutta
1785 reduced the Dutch settlements in
: in September. As Legal Member, he was
S. Indiaconducted war against Hyder
: head of the Law Commission and largely
Ali and Tippoo resented control from : responsible for the preparation of the
the Bengal Government sent home : Penal Code and the Code of Criminal
Coote's successor, Major-General James Procedure. He also wrote a great minute
Stuart made treaty of Mangalore with
: on Education in India, and obtained a
Tippoo, 1783 resigned because his policy
: decision in preference of English studies
in S. India was not upheld declined the : rather than of Oriental languages and
Governor-Generalship, Feb. 1785 granted : literature. His sister married (Sir) Charles
a pension by .the E. I. Co. severely : Trevelyan, and Macaulay lived with them
wounded by Stuart in duel in Hyde Park, in Calcutta, in the house in Chowringhi now
1786 made an Irish Earl in 1792 sent
: : occupied by the Bengal Club. He resigned
as Plenipotentiary on an embassy to his appointment on Jan. 17, 1838. He
Pekin, 1792-4 deputed on a mission : wrote his essay on Clive in Jan. 1840, and
to Louis XVIII of France at Vevrai, 1795 on Warren Hastings in Oct. 1841 M.P. :
made an English Baron, 1796 Governor : for Edinburgh, 1839-47, and 1852-6 :
of Cape of Good Hope, 1796-8 declined : Secretary at War, and in the Cabinet,
the Presidency of the Board of Control :
1839-41 in 1853 he supported the India
:
died May 31, 1806 wrote accounts of his : Bill for the renewal of the E. I. Co.'s
Embassies. Charter in 1854 he was Chairman of the
:
Committee appointed to arrange for the

MACAULAY, COLMAN PATRICK examination of candidates for the Indian
LOUIS (1848-1890) Civil Service by open competition, and
I.C.S.: son of Patrick Macaulay wrote the report. He died Dec. 28, 1859.
born Sep. 1848 educated at Liege and :
His parliamentary career, his History
Queen's University, Ireland went to :
of England and literary productions had,
Bengal in the Civil Service, 1870 Financial :

except in respect of the matters above
Secretary to the Government of Bengal and mentioned, no special connexion with
Member of the Bengal Legislative Council India.
went to Pekin, 1885 obtained Chinese :
MACBEAN, FORBES (1857- )
Government passports, and was organizing

a mixed political and scientific mission to Born Jan. 3, 1857: son of Colonel
Lhasa, to open up trade, when it was Forbes Macbean educated at Upping-
:
suddenly stopped, in 1886, in deference to ham entered the Army, 1876, and
:
Acting Chief became Lt-Colonel, 1898 was in the :

Chinese susceptibilities :
Secretary to the Bengal Government Afghan war, 1879-80 in engagements at :
died May 2, 1890 CLE. :

Kabul and march from Kabulto Kandahar
Transvaal campaign, 1881 Tirah, 1897- :
8, severely wounded Brevet Lt-Colonel :
MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON,

:
FIRST BARON (1800-1859) South African war, 1899-1902. C.B. and

Brevet-Colonel.
Born Oct. 25, 1800 son of Zachary :
Macaulay educated at private schools

:
MAC CULLOCH, WILLIAM ( ? -1843)
and at Trinity College, Cambridge Indian corre-
gained the Chancellor's Assistant Examiner of
Fellow, 1824 :
English verse on Pompeii and prizes spondence at the India House, and Chief
Evening Commissioner in Bankruptcy,
:
Examiner, 1818-30, when he retured
died March 17, 1843 had a high reputa-
1828: M.P. for Calne, 1830; for Leeds,
=
despatches
1831 Commissioner of the Board of tion as an administrator, his
being accounted perfect models, and
:
even
Control, 1832 Secretary, 1833 helped
: :
to carry the Bill of 1833 for renew-

superior to James Mill's, who succeeded
iing the charter of the E. I. Co. : made a him.
MACDONALD, SIR HECTOR (1863- military papers, and a work in favour of
1903) the civilization and education of the
natives of India died Aug. 16, 1831.
in Ross-shire, March 4, 1853
:
Born son :
of a crofter and stonemason while a :
draper's assistant, joined Volunteers : MACDONALD, KENNETH SOMERLED,

in June, 1870, enlisted in the 92nd Gordon REV. DR. (1832-1903)
Highlanders went to India and became
:
Born 1832
at Glen Urquhart, Inverness :
a colour-sergeant in 3 years in the Kabul :
joined the United Free Church Mission in
force under Sir F. Roberts in 1879 dis- :
Calcutta in 1861, and was engaged there
tinguished for his bravery in the Hazar- in Missionary work for 41 years, a promin-
darakht defile, and for conspicuous courage ent figure in religious and missionary life.
at Charasia at Sherpur and the fighting
:
While he constantly conducted Evangelical
about Kabul in the Kabul- Kandahar :
services, he laboured chiefly as an edu-
march, and at battle of Kandahar given :
cational Missionary, and was an inde-
a Commission at Majuba Hill, taken :
fatigable writer, editing Periodicals, Jour-
prisoner and released served in Egypt, :
nals, such as the Indian Evangelical
in the constabulary, in the Nile expedition, Review, publishing studies of the Hindu
in the Egyptian Army at Suakin, at :
sacred books, etc. He was a prominent
Toski D.S.O.
: Major, Royal Fusiliers, :
Fellow of the Calcutta University died :
1891 Brig-General at Atbara, 1898: at Om-

:
July 30, 1903.
durman A.D.C. to Queen Victoria LL.D.,
: :
Glasgow: commanded the Sirhind Division,

1899 and the Highland Brigade in S.
:
MACDONALD, SIR REGINALD JOHN
(1820-1899)
Africa, 1899-1900 K.C.B. commanded : :
the Belgaum District, 1901 and the : Son Reginald George Macdonald,
of
forces in Ceylon, 1902 died at Paris, : Chief of the Clan Ranald joined the Navy, :
March 25, 1903 Maj-General. : 1833 :Captain, 1854 commanded the :
Channel Squadron, 1872-3 Naval C. in C. :
MACDONALD, SIR JAMES RONALD in the East Indies, 1875-7 K.C.S.I., ••
LESLIE (1862- ) 1877 Vice-Admiral, 1877

: commanded :
son of Surgeon-Major at the Nore, 1879-82 retired, 1884 :

Born 1862 :
:
K.C.B. 1887 died Dec. 15, 1899.

James Macdonald educated at Aberdeen :
, :
University and Woolwich entered the :
Royal Engineers, 1882 : served in the MACDONELL, ARTHUR ANTHONY

in the Uganda
(1854- )
Hazara expedition, 1888 :
Railway Survey, 189 1-2 : acting Com- Son Charles Alexander Macdonell,
of
missioner of the Uganda Protectorate, of the Indian Army born May 1 1, 1854, at :
1893 commanded the operations there,

: Muzaffarpur educated at the Public
:
1897-8 in charge of the British operations

: School, Gottingen, 1870-5 Gottingen :
at Fashoda, 1896 commanded the Juba : University, 1875-6 Corpus College, :
expedition, 1898-9 Brevet-Lt-Colonel : Oxford, 1876-80 B.A., 1880 M.A., : :
C.B. :in the China expedition, 1901 : 1883: Ph.D., Leipzig, 1884: Taylorian
commanded the forces in the Tibet ex- Teacher of German, Oxford University,
pedition, 1903-4 K.C.I.E. : 1880-99 Deputy-Professor of Sans-
'•
krit, 1888-99 Boden Professor of

:
MACDONALD, JOHN (1759-1831) Sanskrit, since 1899 Fellow of Balliol :
Son of Allan and the famous Flora College, 1899 Keeper of the Indian
:
Macdonald born Oct. 30, 1759 educated

: : Institute, Oxford representative of :
at Portree and Edinburgh went out to : Great Britian in Sanskrit at the Inter-
the Bombay Infantry in 1780: transferred national Congress of Arts and Science at
to the Bengal Engineers in 1782 sent to : St. Louis, Sep. 1904 : has written the
Bencoolen, Sumatra surveyed the Dutch : Sarvamikramani of the Rigveda (Anecdota
Settlements there remained at Sumatra : Oxoniensia), 1886 a Sanskrit-English ;
as Military Engineer until 1796

and Civil : dictionary, 1892 Vedic Mythology, 1897 j;
made many maps and charts retired in : a History of Sanskrit Literature, 1900 a ;
1800 F.R.S. an original member of the

: : Sanskrit grammar, 1901 ; the Bhraddevata^
Asiatic Society wrote scientific and : 1904.
MACDONNELL, SIR ANTONY 1875 wrote

accounts thereof
:
pre- :
PATRICK (1844- ) vented entering Herat from

in the :
I.C.S. : educated at Queen's College, Afghan war, 1878-9, on the Khyber

Galway joined the Indian Civil Service
:
line CLE. and C.B. Chief of the Staff
: :
in. Lower Bengal, 1865, and retired, 1901 :

to Sir F. Roberts and other Generals :
Revenue Secretary to the Government of at Charasia, Kabul, Sherpvir commanded :
Bengal Secretary to the Government of

:
a Brigade in the Kabul- Kandahar march,
India, Home Department Acting Chief :
and at the battle of Kandahar com- :
Commissioner of Burma, 1889 Chief :

manded the Marri expedition K.C.B., :
Commissioner of the Central Provinces, 1881 Q.M.G. in India

: given the com :
1891 Acting Lieutenant - Governor of

:
mand of the Panjab Frontier Force, 1885
Bengal, 1893 Member of the Supreme :
Maj-General died at Cairo, Feb. 5, 1887:
Council, 1893-5 Lieutenant - Governor :

compiled also the History of the second
of N.W.P., 1895-1901 Member of the :
Afghan war, and wrote The Defence of
Council of India, 1902 his services lent, :
India Our Native Cavalry and Mountain
: :
to be Under Secretary to Lord Lieutenant Warfare a great soldier, full of knowledge,

:
of Ireland, 1903 K.C.S.I., 1893 G.C.S.L, : :

keenness, courage, and determination.
1897 P.C., 1902 and P.C. Ireland, 1903
: :
K.C.V.O., 1903. MACGREGOR, SIR GEORGE HALL

(1810-1883)
MACDOWALL, SIR ANDREW Son of General John Alexander Paul
? -1835)
(
Macgregor : born May i, 1801 educated :
Lt-General entered the E. I. Co.'s : at Addiscombe : entered the Bengal

Madras Establishment, 1783 at the siege : Artillery, 1826 A.D.C. to Lord Auckland, :
and capture of Palicaudcherry, 1783, and 1836 : Agent at Jalalabad, 1838

Political :
the reduction of many of Tippoo's forts : Political Assistant and Military Secretary
in the defence of the Raja of Travancore's to Sir W. H. Macnaghten, (q.v.), 1838 :
lines, 1789 in the force under Corn-

: served Afghanistan, at Ghazni, in
in
wallis and Medows at Seringapatam, 1791- actions from Kabul to Jalalabad, and the
2 at Malavilli and the capture of Ser-
: defence of the last place A.D.C. to :
ingapatam, 1799 in the settlement of : General Pollock, 1842 present in the :
the ceded country, 1 801-3 commanded : actions up to capture of Kabul C.B. : :
a Brigade under Sir T. Hislop, C. in C, Principal Assistant to the Resident at

Madras, at Mahidpur, 1817 commanded : Lahore, 1846 Political Resident at :
a detachmment in Khandesh and took Benares Deputy Commissioner of Lahore

: :
many forts, 1818 C.B. K.C.B., 1831 : : : A.G.G. at Murshidabad Military Com- :
died May 15, 1835. missioner and A.G.G. with the Gurkha
auxiliary force under Sir Jang Bahadur
MACGREGOR, SIR CHARLES MET- in the mutiny Brig-General at the cap- :
CALFE (1840-1887) tmre of Lucknow K.C.B., 1861 retired : :
Born Aug. 12, 1840 : son of Major as Maj-General, 1859 died Jan. 3, 1883. :
Robert Guthrie Macgregor : educated

at Marlborough the Indian : entered MACGREGOR, SIR JOHN (1791-1866)
Army, 1856 in the mutiny, at Firozpur
: : Son of Duncan Macandrew : assumed
at the siege of Delhi, afterwards in several the name of Macgregor, 1863 : educated
hand-to-hand combats at the siege and : at Edinburgh University : entered the
capture of Lucknow in Oudh, constantly : medical service, 1809 : in the Walcheren
engaged, 1858-9, under Hope Grant, expedition, 1809, the Peninsula, 181 1-3 :
Horsford, Holdich in Fane's horse in : served in the Presidencies of Madras,
China : Brig-Major in the Bhutan cam- Bombay, twice in Bengal, in Ceylon
paign, 1864 severely wounded D.A.Q.-
: : present at the capture of Fort Manora and
M.G in Abyssinian expedition compiled
: : Karachi at the investment of Kandahar,
:
the Gazetteer of Central Asia, 1868-73 '

1841-2 at Kabul and Ghazni, and with
:
Director-General of Transport in the Nott's Army, 184 1-2 at Maharajpur, :
Bihar famine, 1874, for which he received 1843 :at the rebellion in Ceylon, 1848 :
the C.S.I. on expeditions on the Af-
: P.M.O. at Hongkong for 2 years Deputy :
ghan and Beluchistan frontiers in Inspr-General at Madras : Hony. Physician

to Queen Victoria, 1859 : K.C.B., 1859 : Council of India since 1897 : Special
died June, 13 1866. Commissioner and Plenipotentiary to
negotiate a commercial treaty with China.
MACINTYRE, DONALD (1832-1903) 1901-2 : K.C.I. E., 1894 : G.C.M.G., 1902.
Born 1832 educated at Addiscombe: :
entered the Army, 1850 with the 66th :

MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER
Gurkhas, in the Peshawar frontier expe- (1842-1902)
ditions, 1852, 1853, 1856, 1864 : in 1857-8 I.C.S. : born Jan. 28, 1842 : educated
protected the on the Kale-
hill passes at King Edward VI's Grammar School,
Kumaon frontier from the Rohilkund Birmingham, and Trinity College, Cam-
rebels : with the 2nd Gurkhas in the bridge arrived in India in Dec. 1862 was
: :
Lushai expedition, 187 1-2 gained the V.C. : early taken into the Bengal Secretariat,
climbed over a stockade 8 to 9 feet high and served only a short time away from
under heavy fire Brevet-Lt-Colonel in : : the headquarters of Government wrote :
the Afghan war, 1878-9, commanded 2nd a history of the relations of Government
Gurkhas in the Khyber, and in the with the tribes on the N.E. frontier of
Bazar valley retired as Maj-General, 1880
: Bengal Financial Secretary to the
:
F.R.G.S. wrote Wanderings and Wild

: Government of Bengal in 1877 Member :
Sport on and beyond the Himalaya died : of theBengal Legislative Council in 1877
April 15, 1903. and 1879 Home Secretary to the Govern-
:
ment of India, 1882 Chief Commissioner :
MACK, REV. JOHN (1797-1845) of the Central Provinces, 1887 Chief :
Born March 12, 1797 a native of : Commissioner of Burma, 1890 K.C.S.I., :
Edinburgh his father was a Writer to the

: 1891 : Member of the Supreme Council,
Signet educated at Edinburgh University
: 1895 : Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal
and distinguished himself at the Baptist from Dec. 1895, to April, 1898. During
College at Bristol was selected by the : this time he was absent for 6 months for
Rev. W. Ward {q.v.) on his visit to England, his health, and for the same reason resigned
in 1 82 1, to be a Professor at the Serampur his office. He successfully, and with
College arrived there, Nov. 1821
: worked : economical results, directed the relief
as Professor for 14 years ordained in : policy in the famine of 1896-7 he was :
June, 1832, as co-pastor of the Serampur thorough in his regard for economy in
Church : succeeded Dr. Marshman (q.v.) principle and in practice. When plague
in charge of the Serampur College, and appeared in Bengal and Calcutta, he made
raised it to be the first private establishment effective arrangements to combat it. He
of education in India highly proficient : attended to the commercial interests of
in classics, mathematics and natural Calcutta. He attempted to improve the
science gave the first chemical lectures
: sanitary condition of Calcutta and initiated
ever delivered in Calcutta translated :
legislation to reform its municipal admin-
into Bengali an elementary treatise on istration. This made him unpopular with
Chemistry : was deeply attached to the certain classes in Bengal, though his
Missionary cause : made his mark as a ability, industry, and honesty of purpose
public shared in the editorial
writer : were recognized. After his retirement he
management Friend of India at
of the became Chairman of the India Develop-
Serampur, from the commencement of its ment Company died Nov. 10, 1902. :
publication in 1835 died of cholera, :
April 30, 1845. MACKENZIE, COLIN (1753? -1821)

Born about i753 went to India in =
MACKAY, SIR JAMES LYLE (1852- )

1782 and joined the Madras Engineers: rose
Born Sep. 11, 1852 : educated at to be Colonel in 1819 stayed with friends :
Arbroath and Elgin went : to India to at Madura, 1783, and formed plans of
Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co., 1874 collecting materials for Indian history
President of the Bengal Chamber of was in the war of 1790-2 against Tippoo :
Commerce, 1890-93 Member of the : after Seringapatam sent by Cornwallis to

Governor-General's Legislative Council, examine the geography of the ceded
1 89 1-3 Director of the British India
: territory, including the Dekkan at the :
Steam Navigation Co. : Member of the siege of Pondicherry, 1793 Commanding :

Engineer at the taking of Ceylon, 1796 : arrived in India in 1808, in the E.I. Co.'s
at the siege of Seringapatam, May, 1799 '•
Civil Service was, in 1817, Secretary
:
surveyed Mysore, until 1810 Surveyor- : to Government in the Territorial Depart-

General of Madras, 1810 commanded : ment Member, 1820 President, 1825, of
: ;
the Engineers in Java, 181 1- 15 Surveyor- : the Council of the College of Fort William:
General of India, 1816 died near Calcutta, : is best remembered for his work as a
May 8, 1821 from 1783 he made exten-

: settlement officer, and for his connexion
sive and valuable collections of Indian with the great Settlement Regulation, VII
MSS., plans, tracts, drawings, antiquities, of 1822, which embodied his views and was
coins, statues, etc. : initiated detailed said to have " immortalized the name of its
topographical in the
surveys : wrote; framer" in 1826 he was Secretary to the
:
Oriental Annual Register and in Asiatic Governor-General on tour to the Upper

Researches on the Life of Hyder Ali, the
: Provinces he returned to England in
:
Bijyanagar and Unaganda Rajas, on the 1831, and was made a Privy Councillor
Bhats, or Indian bards on buildings and : and Commissioner of the Board of Control,
sculptures, and on survey matters his : 1832-4 Vice-President of the Royal
:
collections purchased from his widow Asiatic Society, 1847 died March 31, :
for the E. I. Co. for £10,000 a large : 1876.

portion of them sent to England the :
S. India books and tracts made over to the

Madras College Library, and later to the MACKENZIE, KENNETH DOUGLAS
a811-1873)
Madras Literary Society.
Born Feb. i, 181 1 : son of Donald
MACKENZIE, COLIN (1806-1881) Mackenzie entered the 92nd Gordon
:
Lt-General born March 25, 1806 : son :

Highlanders in 1831 served in the :
of Kenneth Francis Mackenzie educated :

Mediterranean and West Indies in the :
at Dublin and at Oswestry joined the :

Irish rebellion of 1848, on the arrest of
48th Madras N.I., 1825 in the Coorg :
W. S. O'Brien, he stopped a railway train
campaign, 1834, at the taking of Merkara : by threatening to shoot the engine-driver :
in the Straits of Molucca, 1836 in 1840, :

his conduct was highly approved : he
Assistant Political Agent at Peshawar served on the staff in the Crimea, in the
went to Kabul led Sale's returning force
:
battles gained Brevets to India in 1858
: : :
as far as Gandamak, and returned to on the staff in Bengal in June, 1859, sent :
Kabul present at the conference at which

:
to quell a mutiny of the 5th Bengal
Macnaghten was killed : escaped : was Europeans at Berhampur D.Q.M.G., :
in China, i860 C.B., 1861 Brevet-

selected as one of the hostages to Akbar : :
Khan he was called " the Moollah " on

:
Colonel, 1869 A.Q.M.G. died of syncope,
: :
account of his religious character sent :

after being upset crossing a swollen river,
down on dangerous missions from Kabul Aug. 24, 1873-
to Jalalabad and back after release, he :
joined in the attack on Istalif, Sep. 29,

1842 raised and commanded a Sikh regt.
:
MACKENZIE, SIR WILLIAM
(1811-1895)
on the frontier during 1848-9 slighted :
by Lord Ellenborough, he was highly Born 1811 educated at King's College,

:
regarded by Lord Dalhousie C.B. made : :

Aberdeen M.R.C.S., London, 1832
:
:
Brig-General in Hyderabad contingent :

M.D. appointed to the Madras medical
:
in a mutiny in 1855 at Bolarum against his service, 1835 served in the Rohilla wars,
.
orders, he was dangerously wounded :

1841 M.D., 1856
and 1851 in the : :
Government blamed his action made :

mutiny, as Staff Surgeon to Brigade under
A.G.G. at Murshidabad : Superintendent Sir Hugh Rose, in many actions in the
of Army Clothing : left India, 1873 :
Central India Field Force, 1857-8 in :
died Oct. 22, 1881. the Berar Field Force, 1858-9 C.B., :
1859 C.S.I.,
: 1867 Inspr-General of :
MACKENZIE, HOLT (1787-1876) the Madras Medical Department, 186 1-7 1 :

I.C.S. : son of Henry Mackenzie, the author of various medical and other
wit, essayist, and man of letters born : works K.C.B., 1887
:
died Oct. 29, :
1787 : educated at Haileybury, 1806-7 '

1895.
MACKESON, FREDERICK (1807- MACKINTOSH, SIR JAMES (1765-
1853) 1832)
Son of William Mackeson born Sep. :
Born Oct. 24, 1765 son of Captain :
28, 1807 : educated at Canterbury and John Mackintosh educated at Fortrose, :
in France : entered the Indian Army in and Aberdeen University studied medicine :
Bengal, in 1825 in the 14th N.I. : :

at Edinburgh obtained his diploma,
:
stationed as Assistant Political Agent at 1787 went to London in 1788 and paid
:
Ludiana accompanied Sir A. Burnes

: much attention to politics, literature,
iq.v.) to Cabul in 1837 distinguished as : society, somewhat
neglected his pro-
a Frontier and Political Officer in the first fession of medicine called to the bar from :
Afghan war,in theKhyber and at Peshawar: Lincoln's Inn in 1795 gave lectures on :
C.B., 1842 in the battle of Aliwal

: in : the Law of Nature and Nations acquired :
1846, Superintendent of Cis-Satlaj territory: a considerable practice failed to obtain :
was in the Panjab campaign of 1848-9 :

the appointment of Advocate-General
Political Officer with the Army after : of Bengal, but was knighted and made
Chilianwala he swam the Jhelum in full Recorder of Bombay, and held the appoint-
flood local Lt-Colonel, 1849
: Commis- : ment from Feb. 1804 to Nov. 181 1 :
sioner of Peshawar in 1851 he was, : founded the Literary Society of Bombay

while engaged in official work in his in 1805 and became its President was :
verandah, assassinated by a religious out of his element in Bombay be- :
fanatic from Koner, Sep. 10, 1853 he : came M.P. for Nairn, 1813, and for
died on Sep. 14. Lord Dalhousie wrote Knaresborough, 18 19 Professor of :
his epitaph, which included the following Law and General Politics at Haileybury,
—
words " He was the beau ideal of a 1818-24 wrote on Philosophy for the
:
soldier— cool to conceive, brave to dare, Edinburgh Review and the Encyclopcedia
and strong to do. The loss of Col. . . . Britannica and the History of England
: :
Mackeson's life would have dimmed a was made a Privy Councillor and a Com-
victory : to lose him thus, by the hand of missioner of the Board of Control, 1830 :
a foul assassin, is a misfortune of the joined in the inquiry into East Indian
heaviest gloom for the Government, which affairs preparatory to the renewal, in
counted him among its bravest and its 1833, of the Co.'s Charter died May 30, :
best." 1832.
MACKINNON, SIR WILLIAM,
BARONE (1823-1893) MACLEAN, CHARLES {circa 1768-1824)
Son Duncan Mackinnon born March
of : Studied medicine, and entered the
31, 1823 educated at Campbeltown
: E.I. Go's service made several voyages
:
after mercantile work at Glasgow, went to India in East Indiamen was in medical :
to India in 1847, and, with Robert Mac- practice at Calcutta in 1792 wrote on :
kenzie, who was engaged in the coasting fevers in 1796 in 1798 he was ordered
:
trade, established the firm of Mackinnon, by the Governor-General to leave India

Mackenzie, and, in Sep. 1856, the Calcutta for making an insinuation in a newspaper
and Burma Steam Navigation Co., renamed against a magistrate : left the service of
the British India Steam Navigation Co., Government : in 1806 he bitterly attacked
in 1862, which has increased and opened the Governor-General, Marquis Wellesley
out trade from India in all directions, and became a lecturer on the diseases of hot
round its coast obtained in 1878 from :
climates to the E. I. Co., and opposed the
the Sultan of Zanzibar a lease of the Government project of opening the trade
territory now called German East Africa, to India he attacked the quarantine
:
but the British Government refused to laws, and wrote on medical subjects :
sanction it was Chairman, 1888-93,

: died about 1824.
of the Imperial British East Africa Co.,
whose territory Government took over MACLEAN, CHARLES SMITH (1836- )
in 1895 he promoted Stanley's expedition

: Born 1836 entered the Army, 1853,
:
for the relief of Emin Pasha, 1886 : and became Maj-General, 1893 served :
founded the East African Scottish Mission, in Indian mutiny, 1857, severely wounded :
1891 : CLE. in 1882 Baronet, 1889 : : China war, i860; Afghan war, 1878-80:
died June 22, 1893. Brevet-Lt-Colonel and C.B. Mahsud- :
Waziri expedition, 1881 : Consul-General was at Cornwallis' siege of Seringapatam :
for Khorasan and Seistan : CLE., 1888, under Lord Lake in the Mahratta war :
at the siege of Kamona, Gunnouri, and

MACLEAN, SIR FRANCIS WILLIAM Bhawani commanded
: Ochterlonv's
(1844- )
Artillery in the Nipal war, 1814 at the :
Son Alexander Maclean

of born Dec. : siege of Hatras, 1817 : commanded the
13, 1844 educated at Westminister : Artillery of a Division in the Mahratta-
and Trinity College, Cambridge called : Pindari war, 1818 : commanded the Artil-
to the bar at the Inner Temple, 1868 ; lery in the field, 1819-20, and the Regiment
Q.C., 1886 M.P. for Mid-Oxfordshh:e. : of Artillery, 1823 : in command at capture
1885-91 Master in Lunacy,
: 1891 : of Bhartpur, 1825-6 Brig-General, K.C.B.: :
Chief Justice of Bengal since 1896 died at Dum Dum, Aug. 20, 1831.
knighted Chairman of Indian Famine
:
Relief Committees, 1897 and 1900 MACLEOD, SIR JOHN MACPHERSON

Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, (1792-1881)
1898-9: K.C.I.E., 1898. I.C.S. born 1792
: son of Donald :
Macleod educated at Edinburgh Univer-

:
MACLEAN, FREDERICK GURR sity and at Haileybury went out to :

?_
Madras, 1811 was Financial and General
:
Appointed to the Telegraph Depart- Secretary to the Madras Government,

ment, 1868 was Superintendent of the : 1824 Persian translator to Government,
:
Field Telegraph in the Afghan war, 1878- 1826 :Revenue and Judicial Secretary,
80 Director- General of Indian Telegraphs,
: 1827 :Member of the Board of Revenue,
1900 CLE., 1903
: retired. : 1829 :Commissioner in Mysore, 1832-3 :
Member of the Indian Law Commission

MACLEAN, SIR HECTOR (1756-1848), with Macaulay {q.v.), 1835 Member of :
Son of Hugh Maclean

the Commission for Revising the System
in the E. I. Co.'s :
of Prison Discipline, 1836 returned to

service in an expedition to Arcot, a
:
:
siege of Pondicherry, and the reduction of England, 1838 retired, 1841 K.C.S.I. : :
Pulicat : commanded Cuddalore and its

in 1866 Privy Council, 1871
: died :
defences, under Cornwallis at 1786 :

March 4, 1881.
Bangalore, and at Seringapatam, 1792
commanded
:
MACLEOD, NORMAN (1754-1801)
a native corps in Ceylon,
1798 and the 9th N.I. in 1800, under
:
General Brodie
: House,
born at
Colonel Arthur Wellesley Brigadier, :
Nairnshire, March 4, 1754 educated :
1800-3 at Asirghar, Gawilghar, and Ar-

' under Professor George Stuart at Edin-
gaum commanded the forces near Hyder-
:
burgh succeeded his grandfather in
:
abad, 1805 K.C.B., 1815 Lt.-General, : :

1772, as Chief of the Clan took up his :
1821 General, 1838

: died Dec. 11, 1848. :
residence at Dunvegan entertained Dr. :
Johnson there in 1773 entered the Army, :
MACLEAN, JAMES MACKENZIE 1774, as Captain of the 71st regt. went :
(1835- ) out to America with his bride, Mary

Born Aug. 13, 1835 son of Alexander :
Mackenzie both were taken prisoners,
:
Maclean editor of the Newcastle Chronicle,

:
but were kindly treated by Washington :
1855-58 on the staff of the Manchester

:
at Madras, in 1782, as Lt-Colonel of the
Guardian, 1858-9 editor and proprietor :
2nd Battahon of the 42nd Highlanders,
of the Bombay Gazette, 1859-79 raised by himself fought against 1 ippoo :
M.P. for :
Oldham, 1885-92 in several brilliant engagements in 1783 :

M.P. for Cardiff, :
took the fortress of Bednore promoted, :

1 895-1900 author of Maclean's Guide
to Bombay, Recollections of Westminster
:
1783, to Brig-General appointed in : C C

and India of the Malabar Army in place of General
President of the Institute of
:
Journalists, 1897-8. Matthews returned to England in 1789

:
:
died at Guernsey, Aug. 1801.

MACLEOD, SIR ALEXANDER (1767-
1831) 'MACMILLAN, MICHAEL (1853- )
Entered the Artillery, 1784, and served Born Jan. 23, 1853 son of John Mac- :
in India for 47 years without interruption : millan : educated at Rugby, Marlborough,

and Brazenose College, Oxford Scholar : : by the E. Co. one of the original Members
I.
ist Class Moderations, 2nd Class Final of Council, Sep. 21, 1858 Vice-President, :
Classical School B.A„ 1876 joined the : : 1866 : died Dec. 24, 1888.
Bombay Education Department, 1878 :
Professor Elphinstone College, Bom-

at MACNAGHTEN, SIR FRANCIS WORK-
bay :Principal, since 1900 author of :
MAN, BARONET (1763-1843)
several educational works Promotion of
General Happiness, Globe-Trotter in India Son of Edmond Macnaghten appointed :
Two Hundred Years Ago, Tales of Indian Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court,
Chivalry, etc.
Madras, 1809 knighted transferred to : :
Calcutta, 1815 retired, 1825 Baronet, : :
MACNABB, SIR DONALD CAMPBELL 1836 :assumed the additional name of

(1832- ) Workman, 1823 greatly affected by the :
death of his second son. Sir W. H. M.

I.C.S. born 1832
: educated at :
{q.v.), at Kabul in 1841 died Nov. 22, :

Haileybury, 1851-3: entered the Indian
1843.
Civil Service in the Panjab, 1853, and
retired, 1881 in the Indian mutiny
:
MACNAGHTEN, SIR WILLIAM HAY,
helped, at Shahpur in the Panjab, to raise BARONET (1793-1841)
a considerable body of Irregular Horse,
sent to Delhi Commissioner of Rawal
:
I.C.S. second son of Sir Francis
:
Pindi, and of Peshawar, 1875-81 : C.S.I. :

Workman Macnaghten, \Bart., Judge
of the Supreme Courts of Madras and
K.C.I.E., 1887.
Calcutta born in Aug. 1793
: educated :
MACNAGHTEN, CHESTER (1843-1896) at Charterhouse went to Madras in the :
Army, 1809 was in the Governor's :
Son Macnaghten {q.v.)

of Elliot edu- :
bodyguard gained prizes in languages
: :
cated at Bonchurch, and Trinity College,

served at Hyderabad and in Mysore :
Cambridge went to India, 1866, as tutor

:
appointed to the Bengal Civil Service,
to the Maharaja of Darbhanga (q-v.) :
1 8 14 :gained great distinction in lan-
held the post, 1866-70
transferred to :
guages at Fort William became Regis- :
Bombay as first Principal of the Rajkumar trar of the Sadr Diwani Adalat, 1822-30 :
or Chiefs' College at Rajkot in Kattiawar,

published his works on Hindu and Muham-
1870-96 : died there, Feb. 10, 1896 :
madan Law, and reports of cases on :
worked with the greatest zeal and devotion

tour to Upper India, 1830-3, with Lord
and marked success : his character
W. Bentinck at his meeting with Ranjit
attracted the warm affection of his Indian
Singh at Roopar Secretary in the :
pupils his constant intercourse with

Secret and Political Departments, 1833-7:
:
them, in games and studies, had an excel- accompanied Lord Auckland on tour,
lent efifect on the pupils, who justified, by
1837, to theN.W.P. made the treaty :
their careers, the pains bestowed on them.

with Ranjit Singh and Shah Shuja in
He wrote on " Rajkumar Colleges " in the June, 1838 signed Auckland's manifesto
:
Calcutta Review, 1879 his addresses to :

of Oct. 1838 appointed Envoy and
I, :
the students at his college were published

Minister at the Afghan Court of Shah
as Common Thoughts on Serious Sub-
Shuja accompanied the Army of the
:
jects, both in India and in London, 1896.

Indus via Kandahar and Ghazni to
Kabul the whole policy accepted by
:
MACNAGHTEN, ELLIOT (1807-1888)

Macnaghten had difficulties with the:
Son of the first Sir Francis Workman military authorities Shah Shuja rein- :
Macnaghten (some time Judge of the stated in Aug. 1839 Macnaghten made :
Supreme Court at Madras, and at Cal- a Baronet in Jan. 1840 had great troubles :
cutta), and brother of Sir W. H. Mac- in Afghanistan with Shah Shuja and the
naghten {q.v.) educated at Rugby : : tribes, and in re-organizing the government
went to India, and held legal appointments of the country Dost Muhammad surren- :
in the Supreme Court at Calcutta one of : dered on Nov.3,1840: and was sent to India:
the last survivors of the old body of Macnaghten nominated Governor of Bom-
E. I. Co.'s Directors : for many years a bay in Sep. 1 841 on the reduction of :
Director Chairman,
: 1855 : after the their stipends the Afghan chiefs rebelled
transfer of India to the Crown, was chosen Burneswas murdered on Nov. 2, 1841 the :
military authorities failed, and the Army High Court, 1864-77 : officiating Chief
remained inactive Macnaghten accepted : Justice, 1875 Legal Adviser to Secretary
:
the terms of the rebel chiefs on Dec. 11 : of State for India, 1879-82 Judicial :
the terms were not adhered to by the Secretary, India Office, 1882-93 K.C.I.E. :
Afghans Macnaghten negotiated further

:
with Akbar Khan, son of Dost Muhammad,

and at an interview on Dec. 23, 1841, was MACPHERSON, DUNCAN ( ? -1867)
treacherously killed by Akbar himself.
Joined the Army Medical Service in
His character and capacity for his task
Madras in 1836 was in China in 1840-2,
have been much discussed. The whole
:
and wrote an account of his time there :

policy was surrounded by the greatest
in the Russian war, 1855, head of the
difficulties, and the inefficiency of the
medical staff of the Turkish contingent
military commanders added to them
wrote his Antiquities of Kertch and Re-
Macnaghten' s optimism and confidence
searches in the Cimmerian Bosphorus,
prevented him from realizing the situation
1857 Inspr-General of the medical ser-
:
correctly his high character and courage

:
vice, Madras, 1857 was an active and :
were conspicuous throughout a monu- :
advanced sanitary officer Hon. physician :

ment was erected to him at Calcutta.
and surgeon to Queen Victoyia died at :
Merkara, Coorg, June 8, 1867.

MACNAMARA, N. CHARLES ( ? - )
Joined the Indian Medical Service : MACPHERSON, SIR HERBERT

was in the Sonthal rebellion and Indian TAYLOR (1827-1886)
mutiny Fellow of Calcutta University
: :
Son of Lt-Colonel Duncan Macpherson :
Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine, Calcutta born Feb. 1827 joined the 78th
27, :
Medical College founder of the Mayo :

Highlanders, 1845 : Adjutant in the
Hospital, Calcutta Vice-President of :
Persian war, 1856-7 : under Havelock at
Royal College of Surgeons and of B.M. the relief of Lucknow, Sep. 25, 1857, when
Association author of several works,
:
he gained the Victoria Cross, " setting an
including Diseases of the Eye, History of example of heroic gallantry to the men of
Asiatic Cholera, Diseases of Bones, Hun- the regiment at the period of the action
terian Oration, 1901 F.R.C.S. :
in which they captured 2 brass 9 -pounders
at the point of the bayonet," under heavy
MACNEILL, JAMES GRAHAM fire under Outram at the defence of the
:
ROBERT DOUGLAS (1842- ) Alambagh at the capture of Lucknow,

:
Born Feb. 11, 1842 son of Capt.

:
severely wounded joined the Bengal :
Thomas MacNeill Staff Corps as Major in 1865 in the

: educated privately :
:
joined the Madras Army, 1859, and became Hazara Black Mountain campaign, 1868 :
Ma j -General, 1898 served on the Staff, in the Lushai expedition, 1 871-2 in the :
:
in the Intelligence Department, 1880-2 :

Jowaki campaign, 1877 commanded a :
D.A.Q.M.G., 1882-5 D.A.G. and Q.M.G. :

Brigade in the Khyber in the Afghan
Burmese expedition, 1885-6 severely :
war, 1878 in Sir F. Roberts' march on
:
wounded C.B. commanded 14th regt.

: :
Kabul, 1879 in the fighting round Kabul
:
M.I., 1887-9 A.A.G., Mandalay, 1889-

:
in the march to Kandahar and the battle
commanded 14th regt. M.I., 1887-9 there, Sep. 1880 K.C.B. Maj-General :
90 :
:
and 1890-4 : retired, 1898. in command of Indian troops in Egypt,

1882, at Tel-el-Kebir K.C.S.I. C. in C. : :
of Madras, 1886 Lt-General went to

MACPHERSON, SIR ARTHUR : :
GEORGE (1828- )
Burma to complete the pacification of the
country on his way down from Prome
:
Born Sep. 1828 son of Hugh

26, :
to Rangoon, he died of fever on board
Macpherson, M.D. educated at Aberdeen :
the steamer, Oct. 20, 1886.
and Edinburgh called to the bar. Inner :
Temple, 1852 practised before the

MACPHERSON, SIR JAMES DUNCAN
:
Supreme Court, Calcutta, 1852 Legisla- :
(1811-1874)
tive Secretary to the Government of
Bengal, 1862-4, and to the Government Son of Lt-Colonel Duncan Macpherson
of India, 1864 Puisne Judge of Calcutta
: of the 78th Highlanders: born 1811,
educated at King's College, Aberdeen MACPHERSON, SAMUEL CHARTERS
joined the 22nd Bengal N.I. 1828 trans- : (1806-1860)
ferred to the 6th Europeans in Bengal
was Brig-Major in the Panjab campaign, Major: brother of John {q.v.) and of
1848-9 ; at Chilianwala and Gujarat William {q.v.), and son of Dr. Hugh Mac-
Brevet-Major Military Secretary to the
:
pherson educated at Edinburgh and
:
Trinity College, Cambridge entered the :

Panjab Government, 1852-8, that is, dur-
ing the mutiny, the siege of Delhi, etc. :
Madras Army, 1827 in the operations :
was Q.M.G. in Bengal, 1858-9 against the Raja of Gumsur in Orissa,

com- :
manded Brigades at Dinapur and Agra 1835 inquired and reported on the wild
:
tribe of Khonds in Gumsur, and the

Commissary-General of the Bengal Army,
1864-8 Maj-General, 1868
: C.B., 1858 : :
measures required for the suppression of
the Meriah, or human, sacrifices among
K.C.B., 1873 died May 29, 1874. :
them, 1837-9 as Principal Assistant to the

:
MACPHERSON, SIR JOHN, BARONET Collector of Ganjam, he reformed the

(1745-1821) Khonds, 1842-4 appointed Agent to the:
Governor-General in 1845 to suppress

Governor-General son of Rev. John :
human sacrifice, and female infanticide,
Macpherson born 1745 : educated at :
in the hill tracts of Orissa his conduct :
King's College, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh investigated and charges against him
University: went to India, 1767, as the pur- found untenable Officer at
Political :
ser of a ship sent to England on a secret

:
Benares, Bhopal and Gwalior. where,
mission by Muhammad Ali, Nawab of the with Dinkar Rao, he kept Sindia loyal in
Carnatic went to Madras, as a "writer,"
:
the mutiny of 1857 died at Calcutta, :
in 1770 dimissed the service by Lord

:
April 15, i860.
Pigot, Governor of Madras, in 1777 M.P. :
for Cricklade, 1779-82 reinstated by

the Court of Directors Member of the :
:
MACPHERSON, WILLIAM (1812-1893)
Supreme Council in India, 178 1-5 and Brother of John and S. C, and son of
1786-7 : Governor-General from Feb. Dr. Hugh
Macpherson : educated at
1785, to Sep. 1786 had to restore the : Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cam-
finances, which were in a state of deficit :
bridge called to the bar at the Inner
:
made a Baronet, 1786 M.P. for Horsham, : Temple, 1837 : went out to practise at the
1796-1802 died Jan. 12, 1821.
: Calcutta bar, 1846 Master of Equity in :
the Supreme Court there, 1848-59 pub- :
MACPHERSON, JOHN (1817-1890) lished the Procedure of the Civil Courts of

Brother of S. C. Macpherson (q.v.), and India : editor of the Quarterly Review,
son of Dr. Hugh Macpherson born 1817 : :
1860-7 Secretary to the Indian Law
:
educated at Aberdeen studied medicine in :

Commission, 1861-70 practised before :
London, and on the Continent M.R.C.S. : :

the Privy Council Legal Adviser to the :
to Calcutta in the E. I. Co.'s medical India Office, 1874-9 Secretary in the •
service, 1839 retired, 1864, as Inspr-

:
Judicial Department, 1879: retired in
General of Hospitals published several :
1882 died April 20, 1893.
:
medical works in India died March 17, :
1890. MACPHERSON, SIR WILLIAM

(1835- )
MACPHERSON, JOHN MOLESWORTH

(1853- I.C.S.educated at Haileybury, 1854-
:
)
6: entered the Bengal Civil Service,
Born Aug. 1853: son of John Mac-
8, 1856 Puisne Judge of the Calcutta High
:
pherson educated
: at Westminster Coiurt, 1885-1900 retired knighted. : :
called to the bar. Inner Temple, 1876 :
Advocate of the Calcutta High Court

Deputy Secretary to Government of India
:
MACRABIE. ALEXANDER ( ? -1776)

in the Legislative Department, 1877 : Brother-in-law to Sir Philip Francis
Secretary to it since 1896. C.S.I. 1897: , {q.v.) and his Private Secretary was :
author of Lists of British Enactments in Sheriff of Calcutta at the time of Nim-

Force in Native States, 6 vols. ; Law of comar's execution, Aug. 1775 died at :
Mortgages in British India. Ganjam, 1776.

MADDOCK, SIR THOMAS HERBERT MAHMUDABAD, RAJA SIR MUHAM-
(1790-1870) MAD AMIR HASAN KHAN.
I.C.S. son of Rev. Thomas Maddock
KHAN BAHADUR. KHAN-
: :
ZADA OF (1849-1902)
born 1790 educated at Manchester Free
:
Grammar School and at Haileybury, A Siddiki Sheikh of a famous old Oudh

1812-3 went out to India, 1814 served
: :
family son of Nawab Ali Khan, a
:
in the Sagar and Nerbudda territories :

younger brother of Ibad Ali Khan, Raja
Agent of Paintipur adopted son of Musahib
Political at Bhopal : Political
:
Resident at Lucknow, 1829-31 Political :

AliKhan of Mahmudabad the father, :
Officer in Nipal, 1831 Secretary to the :

Nawab Ali Khan, died in 1858, while the
Government of India in the Legal, Judicial son was a minor : educated at the Sitapur
and Revenue Departments, 1838-43 :
talukdars' school, afterwards at the
Member of the Supreme Council, 1843-9, Benares and Canning (Lucknow) Colleges :
at Lord Lawrence's darbar at Lucknow, he
Deputy-Governor of Bengal in 1845 and
1848 knighted and C.B.
: retired, 1849 : :
was presented with a sword elected, :
1 871, Vice-President of the British Indian

M.P. for Rochester, 1852-7: died Jan.
i5» 1870.
Association in Oudh, an Hon. Magis-
trate and Hony. Munsif and a member of
the Legislative Council, N.W.P. In 1877
he obtained recognition of the hereditary
MADEC, RENE (1736-1784)
title of Raja made, in 1883, Khan :
Born at Quimper in Brittany, Feb. 7, Bahadur : this title was made hereditary
1736, of poor parents began life as a
:
in 1884 : his other honorific titles were
sailor in 1748 went out to India as a
:
granted in 187 1, in recognition of his public
recruit in the service of the French E.I. services : K.C.I.E.
Co. :soon wearied of this deserted, and :
joined the French troops at Pondicherry :

MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER
taken prisoner by the English at Jinji, (1822-1888)
on the Coromandel coast consented, :
Son of Dr. James Maine : born Aug. 15,
with many of his companions, to serve in 1822 : educated at Christ's Hospital,
the English Army in Bengal after :
London, Pembroke College, Cam-
and
several years a mutiny among the troops bridge : Exhibitioner and Scholar Craven :
afforded them a chance of escape Madec :

Scholar Chancellor's
: English verse,
was chosen captain by his comrades 1842 Senior Classic in 1844
: Tutor at :
gradually collected a body of troops, both Trinity Hall, 1845-7 Regius Professor :
Frenchmen and Sepoys, and from 1765 to of Civil Law, 1847-54, called to the bar
1777 pursued a brilliant career as a from Lincoln's Inn and the Middle Temple,
guerilla leader and adventurer served :
1850 Reader in Roman Law and Jurispru-
:
thus under various native princes, but dence at the Inns of Court, 1852 one of :
always under the French flag, and never the principal writers in the Saturday
losing sight of the interests of his country Review from 1855 published his Ancient :
in India was in the service of Shuja-ud-

: Law in 1861 became Legal Member of :
daula, Nawab of Oudh, till his defeat by the Supreme Council in India from Nov.
the English at Baxar, when he passed 12, 1862, to Oct. 9, 1869: Vice-Chancellor
over to the Jats took service in 1772
: of the Calcutta University for 4 years :
under the Mogul Emperor performed : Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence, 1871-

many brave deeds and was granted many 78 published Village Communities, 1871
:
:
honours made a Nawab of the first

: K.C.S.I., 1871 and Member of the Council:
class. After the siege of Delhi by the of India, 1 871-88: published EarlyHistory of
united forces of the Mahrattas and the Institutions, 1875 Master of Trinity Hall, :
Jats, and the defeat of the Emperor, Cambridge, 1877-88 published Disserta- :
Madec rejoined his countrymen at Pondi-* tions on Early Law and Custom, 1883,
cherry, and took part in its defence against and Popular Government in 1885 and :
the English after its capitulation he

: wrote for the St. James's Gazette also on :
left India (1778), returned to France, " India " in The Reign of Queen Victoria :
where he died, worn out by all his many became Whewell Professor of Interna-
hardships, in 1784. tional Law at Cambridge, 1887 died at :
Cannes Feb. 3, 1888. He had declined MALABARI, BEHRAMJI MERWANJI
the Chief Justiceship of Bengal, the Per- (1863- )
manent Under Secretaryship of State for A Parsi by birth educated at Surat : :
the Home Department, the Chief Clerkship

taught in the Parsi Proprietary School
of the House of Commons, and other
after a hard struggle in early life, he be-
appointments was F.R.S., and had
:
came a journalist author of poems, in
:
many honorary distinctions one of the :

1875, and social reformer in 1880 he :
first to apply the historical method to the

purchased the Indian Spectator and was
study of the philosophy of institutions :
editor for more than 20 years it is now :
wrote other articles on legal and Indian merged in The Voice of India : he was
subjects.
mainly instrumental in procuring the
"
passing of " The Age of Consent Act
MAITLAND, SIR FREDERICK LEWIS and removing restrictions against the re-
(1777-1839) marriage of widows author of a trans- :
lation of Max Miiller's Origin and Growth

Born Sep. 1777 son of Capt. Freder-
7, :
ick Lewis Maitland, R.N. served at sea, :

of Religion, 1882 Gujarat and the Giijaratis,
;
in Eiuropean waters, in Egypt, 1801, and 1884 The Indian Eye on English Life,
;
on American and West Indian stations, 1893; The Indian Problem, 1894: has
1813-14 when commanding the Bel-
:
edited East and West since Nov. 1901.
ief ephon, conveyed Napoleon in July,
1815, to England : C.B., 1815 : K.C.B.
MALAN, REV. CESAR JEAN
and Rear-Admiral, 1830 Naval C. in C. :
SALOMON (1812-1894)
in the E. Indies and China in 1832 in : Born April son of Dr. Cesar
12, 1812 :
1837 in the Afghan war, took Karachi and Henri Abraham Malan educated at :
protected the landing of the troops in : Vandoeuvres took early to the study
:
the disturbances at Bushire brought away of languages was at St. Edmund's Hall,
:
the Resident and Staff died on his ship : Oxford, 1833-7 Boden Sanskrit Scholar,
:
at sea, near Bombay, Nov. 30, 1839 a : 1834 Pusey and Ellerton Scholar, 1837
: :
monument was erected to him in Bombay in 1838 became classical lecturer at

cathedral. Bishop's College, Calcutta ordained, :
1838 Secretary to the Asiatic Society of

:
MAITLAND, SIR PEREGRINE (1777- Bengal studied Indian languages

: left :
1854) India, 1840 became member of Balliol

:
College, Oxford, 1843 was Rector of :
Son of Thomas Maitland : born 1777 :

Broadwindsor, 1845-85 travelled in :
joined the Guards, 1792 served in :

Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Armenia, 1849-
Flanders, Spain, at Walcheren Maj- 50, going to Nineveh with Sir A. H. Layard,
:
General C.B.,
: 1815 commanded a :
and in 1872 to the Crimea, Georgia,
Brigade at Waterloo K.C.B. Lieuten- : :
Armenia D.D. of Edinburgh, 1880
:
ant-Governor of Upper Canada, 1818-28, gave many of his books to the Indian
and of Nova Scotia, 1828-34 Lt-General, :
Institute at Oxford was a great Oriental
:
1830 C. in C. of the Madras Army, Oct.

scholar, and a voluminous writer on lin-
:
1836, to Dec. 1838 C. in C. at the Cape,

:
guistic subjects an accomplished artist,
;
1844-7 General, 1846

: G.C.B., 1852 : :
and an ardent lover of Natural History :
Colonel of the 17th regt. died May 30, :

nearly all his publications dealt with the
1854. Scriptures and ecclesiastical subjects, e.g.
Original Notes on the Book of Proverbs :
MAITLAND, RICHARD (1714P-1763) he knew about 40 languages he died :
Born about 1714 enlisted in the Royal :

Nov. 25, 1894.
Artillery, 1732 : obtained a Commission :
Captain in 1755 to India in 1755

: :
MALCOLM, SIR GEORGE (1818-1897)
fought under Clive at the capture of Born at Bombay, Sep. 10, 1818 son of :
Gheria, the pirate Angria's stronghold, David Malcolm, and nephew of Sir John
1756: was in command of the expedition iq.v.) entered the E. I. Co.'s Bombay
:
sent with Watson's ships, to the capture of Native Army, 1836 in the Bombay :
Surat, effected in March, 1759 Major, • Division of the Army of the Indus in the
1762 died at Bombay, Feb. 21, 1763.
:
Afghan war, 1838-9 : at Ghazni and
Kabul : in the Sind Irregular Horse in the Pindari-Mahratta war, 1817-8 won :
Beluchistan, 1 840-1, and in E. Cutchi, the battle of Mahidpur, Dec. 21, 1817 :
1844-5 : with the Sind Horse in the Panjab made the treaty of Mandiswar of Jan. 6,
campaign, 1848-9, at Multan, Gujarat 1 818, with Malhar Rao Holkar : made
the occupation of Peshawar : in the Baji Rao, the Peshwa, abdicate took :
Persian war, 1857, commanding S. Mah- Asirghar, April 9, 1819 administered :
ratta Horse and against Shorapur, : Central India, including Malwa dis- :
1858 commanded in the operations

: appointed of being Governor of Bombay,
against the Chief of Nargoond, 1858 : or Madras, he returned to England, 1822 :
C.B. commanded a Division in Abyssinia,

: made Governor of Bombay, 1827 had
1867-8 K.C.B. General, 1877. and
: : disputes with the Supreme Court of Bom-
G.C.B., 1886 died April 6, 1897. : bay, the Government declining to execute
the process of the Court, which Sir J. P.
Grant (q.v.), then sole Judge, thereupon
MALCOLM, SIR JOHN (1769-1833)
closed new Judges were appointed, and
:
Son of George Malcolm born May 2, :

Grant resigned left India in Dec. 1830 : :
1769 : educated at Westerkirk to India :

M.P. for Launceston, 1831-2 began the :
in the E. I. Co.'s military service, 1782 :

Life of Lord Clive wrote on the Govern- :
reached Madras, 1783 in 1792 was at :

ment of India : died July 30, 1833 his :
the siege of Seringapatam, under Corn- statue, by Chantrey, placed in Westminster

wallis, and appointed Persian Interpreter Abbey wrote also on Central India and
:
to the Nizam's troops Secretary to Sir :

Sketch of the Sikhs : he had great diplo-
Alured Clarke {q^v.), who was C. in C, matic experience and skill, and was very
Madras, i795-7: at the taking of the successful and influential with all classes.
Cape Secretary to Lord Harris (q.v.),
:
1797-8 Assistant Resident at Hyderabad,

: MALET, ARTHUR (1806-1888)
1798 present with the Nizam's troops
:
son of Sir C. W. Malet {q.v.)
I.C.S. : :
at the capture of Seringapatam, May 4, born 1806 educated at Winchester,

:
1799 Secretary, jointly with Munro, to went out

:
Addiscombe and Haileybury :
the Commission for the Settlement of to Bombay in the Civil Service in 1826 :
Mysore selected by Lord Wellesley to

Political Agent in Cutch and Kattiawar,
:
bean Envoy to Persia, 1799-1801 nego- :

1842-3 Secretary to the Bombay Govern-
:
tiated two treaties, commercial and ment in the Secret and Political Depart-
political on his return appointed Private
:
ment, 1846 Chief Secretary, 1847 :
Secretary to the Governor-General, Lord Member of the Legislative Council of the

Wellesley, 180 1-3 sent on special mission :
Member of
Governor-General, 1854 :
to Bombay in 1802 nominated Resident :

Council, Bombay, 1855, also Chief Judge
in Mysore, Feb. 1803 Political Officer :
retired, i860
of the Sadr Court, 1857 : :
with General Arthur Wellesley on the out- died Sep. 13, 1888.
break of the Mahratta war, 1803 drew :
up the treaties of Sirji-Anjengaum of Dec. MALET, SIR CHARLES WARRE,

30, 1803, and of Burhanpur of Feb. 27, BARONET (1752-1815)
1804 Resident at Sindia's court, 1804, and
:
in Mysore, 1805 served with Lord Lake, :

I.C.S. son of Rev. Alexander Malet
:
:
1805 made the treaty of Nov. 22, 1805,

:
born 1752 went out to Bombay in
:
the E. I. Co.'s Civil Service became

with Daulat Rao Sindia, and of Dec. 24, :
1805, with Jeswant Rao Holkar sent by :

Resident at Poona, 1785: negotiated at
Poona, on June i, 1790. an offensive and
Lord Minto on a mission to Persia, 1808,
which was foiled by French influence defensive alliance with the Peshwa and
the Nizam against Tippoo Baronet,
deputed to deal with the mutinous Madras
:
officers at Masulipatam again sent to : 1791 Member of Council, Bombay,

:
retired, 1798 F.R.S. :

Persia, 1810 overshadowed there by :
April, 1797 •• :
Sir Harford Jones wrote his Political :

F.S.A. died Jan. 24, i8i5-
:
History of India, 1811 and History of

MALET, GEORGE GRENVILLE
:
Persia, 1815 knighted and K.C.B. in :

(1804-1856)
1815 D.C.L. at Oxford, 1816
: : Political
Son of Sir C. W. Malet {q.v.) born
Agent to the Governor- General, and Brig-
:
1804 entered the 3rd Bombay Light

^
General with the Army of the Dekkan in :
Cavalry, 1822 Lt-Colonel, 1854 served
: = Indian Historical Subjects, 1866 History ;
in Gujarat, Kattiawar, Mahi Kanta, Raj- of the French in India, 1868 Recreations ;
putana in :the Afghan war, 1842 : of an Indian Official, 1872 Historical ;
wounded at Hyderabad, Sind, under

: Sketch of the Native States of India, 1875 ;
Sir C. Napier: Political Officer at Khairpur, Final French Struggles in India and on the
Sind in
: an expedition against the Indian Seas, 1878 History of the Indian ;
Beluchis Superintendent of the Gaekwar's

: Mutiny, 1878-80 History of Afghanistan, ;
Horse, 1850 killed in the Persian war at

:
1879 Herat, 1880
; The Founders of the ;
the capture of Bushire, Dec. 9, 1856 : Indian Empire, Lord Clive, 1882 The De- ;
wrote A History of Sind. cisive Battles of India, 1883 The Russo- ;
Afghan Question and the Invasion of India,

MALKIN, SIR BENJAMIN HEATH 1885 Wellesley Akbar Dupleix Warren
; ; ; ;
(1797-1837) Hastings.
Son of Benjamin Malkin, the miscel-

MALLET, SIR LOUIS (1823-1890)
laneous writer born Sep. 29, 1797 : :
educated at Bury St. Edmunds, and Son John Lewis Mallet

of : born March
Trinity College, Cambridge 3rd Wrangler, :
14, 1823 became a clerk
: in the Audit
1818 Fellow
: called to the bar at Lin-
:
Office in 1839 Private Secretary to the
:
coln's Inn, Feb. 11, 1823 Recorder of :

President of the Board
of Trade, 1848-52 :
Penang, 1832 Judge of the Supreme :

and 1855-7: Assistant Commissioner for
Court at Calcutta knighted died there, : :
carrying out commercial treaties with
Oct. 21, 1837 a friend of Macaulay, :
several nations, 1860-5, and with Austria,
who wrote his epitaph, " A man eminently 1865-7 C.B., 1866: K.C.B., 1868: Member
:
distinguished for his literary and scientific of the Council of India, 1872-4 Permanent :
attainments, by his professional learning Under Secretary of State for India, 1874-
and ability, by the clearness and accuracy 83 :visited India, 1875-6 Privy Coun- :
of his intellect, by diligence, by patience, cillor, 1883 represented the India Office
:
by firmness, by love of truth, by public at the Monetary Conference at Paris was a :
spirit, ardent and disinterested, yet Member of the Royal Commission on Gold
always under the guidance of discretion, and Silver, and on several other Royal
by rigid uprightness, by unostentatious Commissions was a great authority on
:
piety, by the serenity of his temper, and commercial policy, and an official exponent
by the benevolence of his heart." Macau- of free trade views advocated bimetallism
lay had previously written " Malkin is a
— his writings published in Free Exchange,
: :
man of singular temper, judgment, and 1891 : died Feb. 16, 1890.
firmness of nerve. Danger and responsi-
bility, instead of agitating and confusing MALTHUS, REV. THOMAS ROBERT
him, always bring out whatever there is in (1766-1834)
him." Son of DanielMalthus born Feb. 17, :
1766 : educated at Warrington, privately,

MALLESON, GEORGE BRUCE and at Jesus College Cambridge ninth :
(1825-1898) Wrangler in 1788 Fellow ordained in : :
Born May 8, 1825 son of John Malle- : 1798 published

: his Essay on the Principle
son :educated at Wimbledon and Win- of Population, in 1798, the precursor of the
chester joined the Bengal N.I. in 1844
: : greater work which appeared in 1803 :
in the second Burmese war of 1852-3 in : after travelling widely in Europe, he

the Commissariat Department till 1856 : became, in 1805, Professor of History and
wrote The Mutiny of the Bengal Army, Political Economy at the E. I. Co.'s College,
called " the red pamphlet," in 1857 : Haileybury, a post which he occupied
Sanitary Commissioner in Bengal, 1866-8 : during the remainder of his life. He
Controller of the Military Finance Depart- wrote also on the Principles of Political
ment, 1868-9 Guardian of the young Ma-
'
Economy, and on the Nature and Progress
haraja of Mysore, 1869-77 C.S.I. 1872 : , : of Rent. He was F.R.S member of the :
Colonel, 1873 retired, 1877 died March

: : National Institute of France, Fellow of
I, 1898 wrote constantly in the Calcutta
: the Statistical Society. The tradition of
Review, and works on Indian subjects : his great amiability and charm of character
among them Essays and Lectures on lingered among the students at the East
Indian College to the end of Haileybury. 1877 wrote articles on
:
India in the
His character is fully described in the Edinburgh Review,
Gentleman's Magazine of June, 1835,
where it is said that " his appearance, no MANGLES, ROSS LOWIS (1833-1905)
less than his conduct, was that of a perfect born April, 14, 1833
I.C.S. :
son of :
gentleman " died Dec. 29, 1834. He

: Ross D. Mangles, M.P. [q.v.) educated :
wrote other works on subjects connected at Bath Grammar School and Haileybury :
with his Professorship. joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1853.
In the mutiny he served as a volunteer
MANDLIK, VISVANATH NARAYAN in the expedition for the relief of the
RAO SAHIB (1833-1889) Arrah garrison the force fell into an
:
ambush, and had to retreat he, at great

Born March 1833, in the Ratnagiri 8,
:
personal risk, carried and supported, for

District in the educated at the Konkan :
Elphinstone High School wounded soldier, who otherwise

five miles, a
distinguished :
must have been left to die. Mangles

himself there began life as Personal :
received the V.C. He was Judicial Com-

Assistant to Colonel Jacob in Sind, and
missioner of Mysore Secretary to the
:
afterwards held several Government
Bengal Government Member of the
:
appointments 1862,
: resigned them in
Board of Revenue in Bengal retired,,
and joined the Bombay bar, soon ob- :
1883 died Feb 28, 1905.

:
taining lucrative practice as Pleader
appointed Government Pleader in 1884 :
MANX BEGAM ? -1802)
(
as Justice of the Peace, Municipal Com-
Wife of Mir J afar, Nawab Nazim of
missioner, Fellow of the Bombay Univer-
Bengal born at Balkunda near Sikandra :
sity, Member of the Legislative Council, :
a dancing girl at Delhi, went to Murshida-

Journalist, and Author, he won universal
respect in 1874 was made a Member of
:
bad and there met Mir J afar: became
the Bombay Legislative Council (retaining
mother of Nawab Nazim Najm-ud-daula
the position for 8 years), and in 1884 a
and his brother Saif-ud-daula after their :
deaths her stepson Mubarak-ud-daula be-

Member of the Legislative Council of the
Governor-General. He translated into came Nawab Nazim, and she was appointed
in 1772 by Warren Hastings and his
Gujarati Elphinstone' s History of India,
Council as his Guardian it was alleged
and published A Manual of Hindu Law,
:
etc. C.S.I. 1877

: he advocated political
, :
by Nuncomar in 1775 that Hastings had
been bribed to make this appointment
and educational advancement, but opposed
the charge, based on a letter which the
any State intervention in social reforms :
died May 9, 1889.

Begam admitted to be forged, was not
proved. She was removed from her
MANGLES, ROSS DONNELLY (1801- Guardianship by the Council, and allowed
1877) a lakh of rupees as pension died in 1802, :
and was buried at the Jafarganj cemetery

I.C.S. son of James Mangles
: born :
at Murshidabad.
1 801 educated at Eton and Haileybury
: :
went to India in 1820 after some minor : MANNING, ELIZABETH ADELAIDE

appointments, he became, in the Burmese (1828-1905)
war of 1825, Secretary to the Commissioner Daughter of James Manning, Serjeant-
of Pegu and Ava, and, in 1826, Deputy at-Law, of Oxford :
Recorder on the
Secretary in the Judicial and Territorial death, in 1877, of Miss Mary Carpenter
Departments in 1832, Deputy Secretary
: {q.v.), who had formed the National Indian
in the General Department held charge : Association at Bristol in 1870, its centre
of several districts Secretary to the : was transferred to London Miss Manning :
Government of Bengal in the Judicial and became its Honorary Secretary, and began
Revenue Departments, 1835-9 in 1838, : then to edit the Indian Magazine and
also temporary Member of the Board of Review, carrying on these works until
Revenue retired in 1839 was M.P. for
: : her death she twice visited India in
:
Guildford, 1841-58 Director of the E. I. : connexion with the Branches of the

Co. Chairman in 1857
: one of the : Association, and to inquire into education,
original members of the new Council of especially of women and girls she :
India in Sep. 1858 till 1866 died Aug. 16, : often lectured and wrote papers on India
T
and education was connected, as pupil : in maintaining order when the Bhils rose
and one of the Governing Body, with in rebellion : Revenue Commissioner, N.
Girton College from its foundation Division, i860 Commissioner in Sind,
:
and was on the Council of various Societies 1863,and Member of Council, Bombay,
for promoting education and the progress May, 1867, to May, 1872 a patron and :
of women she received the Kaisar-i-Hind

: supporter of the Western Indian Turf :
medal in June, 1904 her stepmother, : died Dec. 12, 1893 : C.S.I.
Mrs. Manning, who died April i, 1871,
wrote Life in Ancient India, and Ancient MAN SINGH, MAHARAJA SIR-
and Mediceval India: died Aug. 10, 1905. BAHADUR, KAIM JANG (1820-1870)
Youngest son Raja Darshan Bahadur
of
MANNING, THOMAS (1772-1840)
Singh Bahadur of Mahdauna, Faizabad,
Born Nov. 8, 1772 son of the Rev. :
of a notable family of Sakaldipi Brahmans.
William Manning educated at Caius :
Darshan Singh (died 1844), was brother of
College, Cambridge Scholar, 1790-95 : :
Raja Bakhtawar Siiigh, who accompanied
private tutor studied mathematics
:
Sleeman and was the King's Quarter-
friend of Person and Charles Lamb :
master-General and premier Raja in Oudh.
studied Chinese at Paris, 1800-3 =
In 1845 Man Singh was appointed Nizam
attended the Westminster Hospital went :
of Daryabad, Rudauli and Sultanpur
out to Canton as a doctor in 1807-10 :
made Raja Bahadur and acquired a vast
was unable to enter China went to :
estate in 1855 became heir to his uncle,
:
Calcutta, 1810 went in 1811 to Lhasa in

:
Bakhtawar Singh. At the annexation of
Tibet, with only a single Chinese servant, Oudh, he was deprived of much of his
vid Rangpur, Bhutan, Parijong stayed :
property and soon after imprisoned at
there for some months had interviews :
Faizabad as a revenue defaulter. When
with the Dalai Lama under orders from :
the mutiny broke out he was released by
Pekin, left Lhasa in April, 1812 the first :
Col. Goldney, the Commissioner, and
Englishman to enter Lhasa returned :
agreed to protect the European women
to Canton in 1816 accompanied Lord
:
and children received 29 fugitives into
:
Amherst's embassy to Pekin as interpreter :

his fort at Shahganj and escorted them in
returned to England a disappointed man, safety to Gorakhpur in August, 1857, :
1817 led an eccentric life

: regarded as :
he went to Lucknow with a large contingent
the first Chinese scholar in Europe died :
and a battery but the rebels knew of his
:
at Bath, May 2, 1840 the notes of his :

constant communication with the British,
journey to Lhasa were published in Sir and after the fall of the capital besieged
C. R. Markham's Narratives of Bogle's him at Shahganj, where he was relieved
Mission to Tibet and Manning's lourney by Sir Hope Grant. He then rendered
to Lhasa, 1876. great assistance to the British and assisted
in the restoration of order in Faizabad and
MANSEL, CHARLES GRENVILLE elsewhere. In reward he regained all his
(1806-1886)
old estates and those of the rebel Raja
I.C.S. : born 1806
joined the E. I. Co.'s : of Gonda, besides the remission of all
Civil Service in 826: served in the N.W. P.
1 outstanding balances the foremost man :
in several appointments at Agra, up to among the Oudh talukdars, he acted as

Magistrate-Collector, 1835, and Settlement their mouthpiece in all the great con-
Officer, 1838-41 in the Financial Depart-
: troversies with regard to rights in land :
ment Member of the Board of Adminis-

: Hony. Magistrate in i860 K.C.S.I., :
tration of the Pan jab with the Lawrences, 1869 : died Oct. 11, 1870 his daughter's :
1849-50 Resident at Nagpur, 1852-4

: : son is the present Maharaja of Ajodhya.
retired: died Nov. 19, 1886.
MARGARY, HENRY JOSHUA
MANSFIELD, SAMUEL (1816-1893) (1811-1876)
I.C.S. brother of Sir W. Mansfield,
: Maj -General : 181 1 born
educated :
(Lord Sandhurst) (^.w.): educated atHailey- at Addiscombe entered the Bombay

:
biiry, 1832-3 entered the Bombay Civil

: Engineers in 1830 served in the Mahratta
:
Service, 1833 in the mutiny, in charge

: campaign, 1844 Commanding Engineer
:
of Khandesh District, did good service at the siege of Samnieghar Field Engineer :
of the Sind reserve in the Afghan war of at Surajkund: at Gujarat C.B. and A.D.C. :
1838-9 : at the capture of Boodurghar : to Queen Victoria : Adjutant-General

carried out important engineering works in India, 1854 Lt-General in the Crimea :
:
at Aden, Poona and other stations commanded a Division at the Redan, 1855 :
retired as Ma j -General in 1863 died Jan. : died in London, Dec. 21, 1855 wrote :
21, 1876 the father of Augustus Ray-

: Shooting in the Himalayas a Journal of :
mond Margary, who was murdered by the Sporting Adventures in Ladak, Tibet, and
Chinese at Manwein, on the Chinese Kashmir, 1854.
frontier, Feb. 21, 1875.
MARRIOTT, WILLIAM FREDERICK
MARKBY, SIR WILLIAM (1829- ) ( ? -1879)
Born 1829 son of Rev. William Henry
: General went out to India as a cadet
:
Markby : educated at King Edward's in 1838 went up at once to the cam-

:
School, Bury St. Edmunds, and Merton paign in Sind and Afghanistan took :
College, Oxford Scholar 1st Class in : : a prominent part in the storm and
Mathematics Fellow of All Souls' College,
: capture of Ghazni, 1839 afterwards :
and Fellow of Balliol College called to : served in the engineer corps of the Bombay
the bar, 1856 Recorder of Buckingham,: Army, and in the Secretariat : joined the
1865-6 Puisne Judge of the Calcutta
: Bombay Staff Corps: from 1865, to
High Court, 1866-78 Vice-Chancellor : the time of his leaving the service, about
of Calcutta University Reader in Indian : 1876, he was Secretary to the Bombay
Law, University of Oxford, 1 878-1900 : Government in the Military, Marine and
author of Lectures on Indian Law, Elements Ecclesiastical Departments during this :
of Law, 1896 D.C.L., 1879 K.C.I.E.,

: : period he was constantly consulted in
1889 Commissioner 1892, to inquire
: confidential matters by Sir Bartle Frere
into the administration of justice in and succeeding Governors was Member :
Trinidad and Tobago. of the Legislative Council, Bombay.

After his returement, General Marriott took
MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT service under the Egyptian Government,
(1830- ) and was engaged in several engineering
Born July son of Rev. David
20, 1830 :
works of importance in Egypt : was C.S.I. :
F. Markham educated at Cheam and

:
died Dec. 17, 1879.
Westminster entered the Navy in 1844
: :
served in the Arctic expedition, 1850-1 :

MARSDEN, WILLIAM (1754-1836)
retired from the Navy, 1852 travelled in : Son of born Nov. 16,
John Marsden :
Peru, 1852-4 introduced cinchona trees

:
1754 : educated at Dublin schools went :
from Peru into British India, 1859-62 : out as a writer in the E. I. Co.'s service to
Geographer to the Abyssinian expedition : Bencoolen in Sumatra, 1771 stayed eight :
Secretary to the Roy. Geog. Society, 1863- years became Principal Secretary to the
:
8 : Secretary to the Hakluyt Society, Government devoted his time to litera-

:
1858-87 Assistant Secretary

: in the ture established an E.I.
and science :
India Office, 1867-77 President of Roy. : agency business in London, 1785 became :
Geog. Society, 1894-1900, and of the Second Secretary, i795» and in 1804 First
Hakluyt Society K.C.B. 1896 author : : Secretary to the Admiralty till 1807 :
of many works, including Memoirs of F.R.S., Treasurer and Vice-president

the Indian Surveys, History of Persia, Member of. Asiatic and several other
History of the Abyssinian Expedition, learned Socie'ties D.C.L. of Oxford, 1786 : :
Missions to Tibet, Travels in Peru and died Oct. 6, 1836 wrote the History :
India. of Sumatra, 1783 Dictionary and Grammar ;
of the Malayan Language, 1812

The ;
MARKHAM, FREDERICK (1805-1855) Travels of Marco Polo, 1818 ; Numismata

Son of Admiral John Markham : born Orientalia illustrata, 1823-5 and other :
Aug. 1805 educated at Westminster

16, : : works presented his whole collection of
:
joined the 32nd regt. in 1824 imprisoned : coins to the British Museum in 1834, and
for a year for being a second in a fatal his library and Oriental MSS. to King's
duel, 1830 commanded a Brigade at the
: College voluntarily resigned a pension
:
siege of Multan, 1848-9, and the Division of £1,500.

2/6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
MARSHMAN, HANNAH (1767-1847) Maj-General Sir Henry Havelock, K.C.B.,
Daughter born 1767
of J. Shepherd :j :
i860 (his brother-in-law) his History of :
married, in 1791, to the Rev. Joshua India, 1863, 1867. He failed to obtain
Marshman {q.v.), and accompanied him to a seat in the new Council of India was :
India, reaching Serampur, Oct. 1799 she :

made C.S.I, in 1868 died July 8, 1877. :
superintended the " Mission Family at

Serampur," of Carey, Ward, and Marsh- MARSHMAN, REV. JOSHUA, D.D.
(1768-1837)
man herself
: established in 1800 a
" Ladies' School," chiefly for Eurasian Son of John Marshman, a weaver : born
girls, many of whom took to missionary April 20, 1768 educated at the village
:
work and education. She opened a school of Westbury Leigh apprenticed :
Native school in 1807. By 1819-24, her to a bookseller and read imceasingly

Serampur Native Female Education was master of a Baptist school, 1794-9,
Society managed, in its vicinity, 14 girls' when, with his son and others, he went out
schools, 260 pupils with a total of 27 : to Serampur in Bengal, as a Missionary of
schools, 554 pupils. Of her twelve children, the Baptist Missionary Society, not being
six survived. She was the " first woman allowed to remain in British territory :
missionary to women " died at Serampur, : the Serampur Church was opened in 1805 :
March i, 1847. , he and his wife opened a boarding school

he studied Chinese established the Loll
:
MARSHMAN, JOHN CLARK (1794-1877) Bazar Chapel and the Benevolent Institu-
tion at Calcutta, and devoted much time to
Born Aug. 1794: son of Dr. Joshua
18,
native schools. The Mission translated the
Marshman went out with his
{q.v.) :
Scriptures into many Oriental languages.

father in Oct. 1799 to Serampur in Bengal,
where he received his education at the Marshman was made D.D. of Brown
mission establishment of Carey {q.v.),
University, U.S., in 1811 he and his son :
issued the Friend of India as a monthly

Marshman {q.v.), and Ward {q.v.) : for-
and, later, a quarterly Magazine in 181
mally joined the brotherhood in 18 19 and :
became an active director of its affairs, they issued the first Bengali weekly news-
paper, the Samachar Darpan, and built
working, as a layman, for 20 years " as a
the Serampujr College at a cost of £30,000
sort of secular and unpaid bishop " he :
:
in 1826-9 he visited England and Denmark

setup the first paper-mill in India issued :
to urge on the cause of missions. In 1827

the first monthly Bengali magazine, the
he became involved in controversy with
Dig-Darsan, in April, 1818 and, in the :
the Baptist Missionary Society, and their

next month, issued the first weekly, the
Samachar Darpan connexion was severed. Besides Chinese,
the Friend of India :
was issued by him and his father, as a he worked at Sanskrit and the local
monthly, and later a quarterly Magazine, vernaculars he died at Serampur on Dec.
:
becoming a weekly paper from Jan. i, 5» 1837.

1835 he was also for years the ofiicial
:
MARTIN, ALFRED ROBERT (1853- )
Bengali Translator to Government. He
also published Guide to the Civil Law of Born March 30, 1853 son of Colonel
:
the Presidency of Fort William, 1845-6, a D. W. Martin : educated at Harrow

"Darogah" Manual, and other law entered the Army, 1874, and became
1850,
books wrote constantly in the Calcutta
:
Colonel in 1899 served against the
:
Review and other historical works. He

:
Jowaki-Afridis, 1877: in the Afghan war,
was one of the founders of the Serampur 1878-80: Hazara expedition, 1888: in
the Miranzai expedition in command of
College, at a cost of ^f 30,000. He left India
in 1852 and was examined by Parliament
:
5th Gurkhas Brevet-Major :in Waziristan,
:
before the renewal of the Charter in 1853, 1894-5 Tirah, 1897-8 Assistant Military
: :
and influenced the Education despatch Secretary for Indian Affairs at the Horse
of 1854 he also advocated the promotion
:
Guards :D.A.G., Bengal, with rank of
of forestry, telegraphs and railways Brig-General C.B., 1902.
:
in
India :and had an influential position
in the E. I. Railway Company in London. MARTIN, CLAUDE (1736-1800)
He wrote The Life and Times of Carey, General : a French soldier of fortune :
Marshman and Ward, 1859 ; Memoirs of born Jan. 5, 1735 son of a silk manu»
:
facturer Lyons at
enlisted in French :
Climates on European Constitutions and
Army went out as a trooper in Lally's
:
A Brief Topographical and Historical
bodyguard to India, 1758 to avoid :
Notice of Calcutta: C.B. in i860: knighted, ,
Lally's severity, he deserted with the body- i860 he was appointed President of the
:
guard at Pondicherry, 1 761, to the British, India Office Medical Board, 1859 died :
for whom he raised a French company Nov. 27, 1874.

of cavalry sent up to Bengal : Captain : :
employed in survey in N.E. Bengal, and MARTIN, ROBERT MONTGOMERY

in Oudh joined, with permission, the
: (1803P-1868)
service of the Nawab Wazir of Oudh as Born about 1803 : went to Ceylon, 1820
Superintendent of his artillery and arsenal travelled as assistant surgeon, botanist,
gained great influence and accumulated and naturalist, and was in India, 1828-30 :
large wealth still an officer in the E.L

: published The History of the British
Co.'s service, he rose to be Maj-General Colonies, 1834 the History of the Anti- :
in 1796 built at Lucknow a very large

: quities of Eastern India, 1838 Member :
castellated residence for himself, which of the Court of Directors of the E, I. Co. :
he called Constantia he directed in his : witness before a Commission on the East

will that it should never be sold, but should Indian trade, 1840 Treasurer of Hong- :
serve as a college for educating children kong, 1844-5 resigned on a mission to

: :
in the English religion and language Jamaica, 1851 was one of the first :
in this building, now called "LaMartiniere," members of the East India Association,
he was himself buried, as he directed : 1866 died Sep. 6, 1868
: brought out :
he left 33 lakhs of rupees, and bequeathed The Marquis of Wellesley's Despatches,

large sums, the interest thereof to be 1836; The Monetary System of British
distributed to the poor of Lucknow, India, 1841 The Indian Empire, 1857
; ;
Calcutta, Chandernagore and Lyons The Rise and Progress of the Indian Mutiny,
and largely endowed the Martiniere College 1859 and other works on the Colonies
:
at Calcutta, which was constructed, and commercial questions.

1833-5, from his legacy for the purpose
MARTINDALE, SIR ARTHUR HENRY
:
he died at Lucknow, Sep. 13, 1800.

TEMPLE (1854- )
MARTIN, CUNLIFFE (1834- ) I.C.S.born March 13, 1854

:
son of :
Colonel son of Sir James Ranald Martin,

:
Colonel Benjamin Martindale, C.B. edu- :
C.B. {q.v.) educated at Cheltenham:

cated at Cheltenham joined the Indian :
Civil Service in Madras, 1875 served in

entered the Indian Army, 1852 served in :
=
the suppression of the Sonthal rebellion, the Foreign Department of the Govern-
1855 in the Indian mutiny, 1857-8
: :
ment of India, and held various poUtical
severely wounded in Abyssinia as A.D.C. to appointments has been A.G.G. for Rajpu-:
tana since 1898 C.S.I., 1900 K.C.S.I.,

Sir Donald Stewart [q.v.), 1868 in Afghan : :
:
war, 1880, commanded the Central India 1904.

Horse in the march from Kabul to
Kandahar and
:
battle of Kandahar : C.B.,

MARTINDELL, SIR GABRIEL (1756?
-1831)
1881 : retired.
Born about 1756 Cadet in " the Select :
MARTIN, SIR JAMES RANALD Picket " corps, 1772 Ensign in the Bengal :
(1793-1874) N.I., 1776 in the Mahratta war of 1804-5

:
:
Son of Rev. Donald Martin":^ born 1793 : commanded the troops in Bundelkund,
educated at the Royal Academy of Inver- 1809, 181 2 captured the fort of Kalinjar,
:
ness, and
George's Hospital St.joined : 1812 Maj-General, 1813
:
commanded a :
the Medical Department of the E. I. Co.'s Division in the Nip al war, 1 8 14-5 K.C.B., :
Bengal Army, 1818 served in the first : 1815 held a command in the Pindari
:
Burmese war Presidency Surgeon, 1830 : : war and in Cuttack, 1818 Lt-General
:
:
Surgeon to the Calcutta General Hospital commanded a Division at Cawnpur, 1820 :
wrote Notes on the Medical Topography of died at Baxar, Jan. 2, 1831.

Calcutta, on the Draining of the Salt-water
Lake : 1843F.R.C.S.,
F.R.S., 1845 : :
MARTYN, REV. HENRY (1781-1812)
Inspr-General of Army Hospitals collaljo- : Son John Martyn, a miner born near
of :
rated in a work On the Influence of Tropical Truro and educated at the grammar school
there, and at St. John's College, Cam- Burma, i860 ; Fauna, Flora and Minerals
bridge was Senior Wrangler in 1801 and
: of Burma Profesor of Pali in the Govern-
:
first Smith's Prizeman Fellow of St. : ment High School, Rangoon died after :
John's College, 1802 ordained in 1803 : a journey to Bhamo in 1874.

and became a curate to the Rev. C. Simeon,
MASON, GEORGE HENRY MONCK
at Cambridge in 1805 he went out to
:
(1826-1867)
India on the Bengal Establishment as a
Military Chaplain,and worked at Serampur,
Born 1825 : son of Captain Thomas
Dinapur, and Cawnpur. In 1 8 1 1 he obtained
Monck Mason, R.N. joined the 74th
:
Bengal N.I., 1842 : Assistant A.G.G. in

leave to visit Persia. Leaving Shiraz in 1 8 1
on his way vid Tabriz to England, he Rajputana, 1847 : Political Agent at
Karauli Resident at Jodhpur, 1857 when
: :
died of fever at Tokat, in Asia Minor, Oct.
the Jodhpur troops mutinied he arranged
16, 1 8 12. He had great zeal as a Mission-
for the safety of the Europeans, and, on
ary and laboured greatly, in spite of ill-
his way to join Sir George Lawrence {q.v.),
health. He translated the New Testament
into Persian and Hindustani. Macaulay was shot dead by mutineers, Sep. 18, 1857.
wrote an epitaph on him.
MASON, JOHN CHARLES (1798-1881)
MARZBAN, FARDUNJI (1787-1847) Born March, 1798 son of Alexander :
Born at Surat, 1787 grandson of :

Way Mason educated at Hackney and:
Dastur Kawoos (1717-79), a founder of the Warminster appointed in the Secretary's

:
office at the East

India House, 181 7 :
Kadmi sect of the Parsis went to Bom- :
bay, 1805 settled under Mulla Firoz (q.v.)

:
employed in confidential work, 1817-37 :
Secretary in the Marine branch : made a

as and became proficient in
librarian,
Oriental languages was a book-binder, :
number of improvements in the mutiny, :
1808, and opened a printing-press, 1812,

arranged for transport of 50,000 troops :
publishing, 1815, an edition of the Avesta,
Secretary at the India Office in the Marine
in
and Transport Department, 1859 re- :
815 a translation of the Dabisfan, in
1
1818 presented the Government of India in the
of the Avesta into Gujarati
pubUshed also translations of the Shah- Committee on the Transport Service, which
led, in 1867, to the construction of troop-
nameh, 1833 ; the Gulistan, 1838 the ;
Bostan (published posthumously, 1849) ships died Dec. 12, 1881.

:
:
and composed original poetry with :

MASSY, HENRY STANLEY -
( ? )
Mulla Firoz's help he brought out, on
July I, 1822, the first number of the Entered the Bengal Army, 1874, and
Bombay Samachar, which still exists, and became Lt-Colonel, 1900 served against :
conducted it till Aug. 1832, when he failed Jowaki-Afridis, 1877-8 in the Afghan :
in business, losing a ship, and in his journal- war, 1878-80 Burma war, 1886-8 : :
istic enterprize he had to leave Bombay

:
second Miranzai expedition, 1891 Tirah :
and go to the Portuguese settlement at campaign, 1897-8 C.B., 1903 : : Com-

Damaun, 1832 : he published a Persian mandant, 19th Bengal Lancers.
dictionary, 1832 knew the principles of
:
MASSEY, WILLIAM NATHANIEL
Oriental medicine, which he practised at
(1809-1881)
Damaun : a social refomer among the
Son William Massey
of born 1809 : :
Parsis : died at Damaun, March 23, 1847.
called to the bar from the Inner Temple,.
MASON, REV. FRANCIS, 1844 :Recorder of Portsmouth and Ply-

D.D. (1799-
1874)
mouth M.P. for Newport and Salfordr
:
1855-65 Under Secretary in the Home

:
Born at York, 1799 '•

where his grand- Department Chairman of Committees
:
father had founded a Baptist Society in the House of Commons succeeded :
in 1818 joined an uncle in the United Sir C. E. Trevelyan {q.v.), as Financial

States and went thence as a Missionary Member of the Supreme Council, April 10,
to India, to Burma for years laboured 1865, to April 25, 1868
:
Privy Councillor : :
among the Karens translated the Bible :

M.P. for Tiverton, 1872-81 wrote a :
into Karen author of a Pali grammar,

:
History of part of George Ill's reign,
and a Karen grammar of both dialects : and Common Sense versus Common Law ;
The Story of a Working Man's Life, died Oct. 25, 1881.
MASTER,'^CHARLES GILBERT MAUDE, FRANCIS CORNWALLIS

(1833-1903) (1828-1900)
son of an Archdeacon of Man-
I.C.S. : Son of Capt. Hon. Francis Maude»
chester educated at Haileybury, 1852-
: R.N. : born Oct. 28, 1828 commanded :
3 : went to India, 1854 was Commis- : the Royal Artillery with Havelock's
sioner of Income Tax, 1860-5 Revenue column with Outram's force at the
:
Secretary to Government, Madras, 1877 :

Alambagh at the capture of Lucknow, :
Chief Secretary, 1882, and Member of the 1858 Brevets, Major and Lt-Colonel
:
Legislative Council Member of Council, :

V.C. and C.B. Consul-General at Warsaw, :
Madras, 1884-9 C.S.I., 1887 died : :

1876-88 Military Knight of Windsor,
:
March 9, 1903. 1895 : died Oct. 19, 1900.
MASTER, WILLIAM CHARLES MAUDE, SIR FREDERICK FRANCIS

CHESTER (1821- )
(1821-1897)
Born Nov. 6, 1821 son of Colonel
:
Born Dec. 20, 1821 son of the Rev. :
W. Chester Master : educated privately :

Hon. J. C. Maude joined the Buffs, :

1840 :served in the Gwalior campaign,
Colonel, 1863 in the Indian mutiny, :
1843-4 at Punniar
' through the :
1857-8, was at the relief of Lucknow, Crimea gained the V.C. there for con-
:
commandant of Fort Alambagh, pro- spicuous and devoted bravery at the

moted Lt-Colonel for service in the field :
assault of the Redan Colonel, 1861 : :
in the Oudh campaign, 1858-9 C.B. :

commanded a Di-
Maj-General, 1868 :
vision in India, 1875-80 and the and :
MATCHAM, GEORGE (1753-1833)

Division of the Peshawar Field Force in
I.C.S. : son of Simon Matcham, who the Afghan war, 1878-9 K.C.B. General : :
was Member of Council, Bombay : born retired, 1885 G.C.B., 1886 died June : :
1753 educated at Charterhouse

: joined : 20, 1897.
the E.I. Co.'s Civil Service Resident at :
Broach retired in 1783

: travelled to : MAUNSELL, SIR FREDERICK
England through Persia, Arabia, Egypt, RICHARD (1828- )
Asia Minor, Turkey, Greece, Hungary, Born Sep. 4, 1828 educated at King :
etc. died Feb. 3, 1833.

:
Edward's School, Birmingham, Grosvenor
College, Bath and Addiscombe joined :
MATHER, REV. ROBERT COTTON the Royal Engineers, 1846, and became
(1808-1877) was in the Pan jab cam-
General, 1887 :
Missionary : son of James Mather paign, 1848-9, at siege of Multan, and at

born Nov. 8, educated at Edin- 1808 : Gujarat in the Indian mutiny, 1857-8
: :
burgh and Glasgow Universities and at Delhi and Lucknow in the Oudh :
Homerton College : ordained, 1833 : campaign, 1858 Afghan campaign, 1878 : :
went to India for the London Missionary C.B., 1873 K.C.B., 1897 Colonel: :
Society after Benares, settled at Mirza-

: Commandant R.E., 1886.
pur,i^founding a mission built schools and :
churches revised and edited the Bible

:
MAUNSELL, THOMAS (1822-
in Hindustani LL.D., Glasgow wrote: :
Maj-General born Sep. : 10, 1822 son :
in Hindi and Urdu : wrote on Christian of George Meares Maunsell : educated at

Missions in India : and a commentary Clifton, Bristol and Trinity College,
on the New Testament in Hindustani Dublin entered the Army
: was in the :
and began one on the Old Testament :

Panjab campaign at the siege of Multan, :
died April 21, 1877. and at Gujarat, 1848-9 in the Crimean :
war, 1854-5 Indian : mutiny, 1858 :
MATTHEW, RIGHT REV. HENRY C.B., 1875 retired. :
JAMES, D.D. (1837-1898)

Educated Trinity College, Cam-
at MAURICE, REV. THOMAS (1784-1824)
bridge : ordained, 1861 Chaplain on the : Son of Thomas Maurice : born 1754 :
Bengal Establishment from 1866 Arch- : educated at Christ's Hospital, Ealing and
deacon of Lahore, 1878 Bishop of :
Bath, and at St. John's and University
Lahore, 1888 D.D. died Dec. 2, 1808.
: : Colleges, Oxford, 1774-8 ordained :
held several curacies and a vicarage, under Lord Dalhousie : at Maharajpur,
1798 assistant-keeper of MSS. in the
: 1843 : in command of the Hyderabad
British Museum, where he died March 30, contingent, quieted the Dekkan, 185 1-4 :
1824 : one of the the history first to make Brevet-Colonel A.D.C. to Queen Victoria
: :
and religions of India generally known : died at Cairo, Dec. 23, 1855.
also wrote poems published The History :
of Hindustan, 1795 A Dissertation on ; MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL

the Oriental Trinities, 1800 ; Indian BOURKE, SIXTH EARL OF
Antiquities, 1806 ; Modern History of (1822-1872)
Hindustan, 1802-10.
Viceroy and Governor-General son of :
the fifth Earl born Feb. 21, 1822 took

: :
MAYNE, GEORGE NISBET ( ? - )

his degree at Trinity College, Dublin
Entered the Army, 1874, and became LL.D. travelled in Russia, 1845
: wrote :
Lt-Colonel, 1902 : served in Afghan St. Petersburg and Moscow M.P. 1847- :
war, 1878-80 : Burmese expedition, 1886- 67 successively for Kildare, Coleraine

8 : Chitral Force, 1895 Tirah
Relief : and Cockermouth Chief Secretary for :
campaign, 1897-8 at Dargai in the : : Ireland in three administrations, from 1852,

South African war, 1900-2 C.B., 1902. : 1858, and 1866 K.P. he became
: :
Viceroy of India on Jan. 12, 1869 was :
MAYNE, JOHN DAWSON (1828- ) assassinated at Port Blair, Andaman

Born Dec. 31, 1828 son of John :
Islands, Feb. 8, 1872. His administration
Mayne, Barrister-at-law, Dublin edu- :
was very successful, and concerned with
cated at Trinity College, Dublin called :
matters of great importance. He met
to the bar, 1854 practised at the English :
Shir Ali, the Amir of Afghanistan, in
bar, 1854-6 at the Madras bar, 1857-72,
:
darbar at Umbala in March, 1869, and
and at the Privy Council, 1 873-1903 :
established satisfactory relations. He ad-
Professor of Law at Presidency College, vocated the acquisition of influence over
Madras Clerk of the Crown, High
:
neighbouring States. He was opposed to
Court, Madras Acting Advocate-General :
any expansion of Persia.The Mayo
of Madras Professor of Common Law to
:
College at Ajmir was founded for the
the Inns of Court, 1880-5 author of :
education ofyoung native chiefs. He
Treatise on Damages, Commentaries on initiated,with the help of his advisers,
the Indian Penal Code, Hindu Law and the policy of decentralization of the
Usage, Criminal Law of India, etc. finances paid much attention to Public
:
Works, Railways, Irrigation, Forests, Port

MAYNE, RICHARD CHARLES defences while Education and Land
:
GRAHAM (1852- ) Revenue measures were advanced, and a

Born Aug. 27, 1852 son of Major :
Department for Agriculture, Revenue and
Robert Graham Mayne educated at :
Commerce was opened. The Lushai ex-
Wellington entered the Army, 1872,
:
pedition took place in 1871-2, but other-
and became Brevet-Colonel, 1900, in the
wise India was at peace. H.R.H. the
Indian Staff Corps Afghan war, : in the late Duke of Edinburgh visited India in
1878-80, in the Kabul-Kandahar march, 1869-70. Lord Mayo's personality, his

and battle of Kandahar Egypt, 1882, :
great presence, his genial and dignified
at Tel-el- Kebir Zhob expedition, 1890 : :
bearing, impressed all who came into
in command of Mekran expedition, contact with him. He travelled widely.
1898 : C.B. : China expedition, 1900. His loss was greatly regretted by all
classes in India. His body was conveyed
MAYNE, WILLIAM (1818-1855) to Ireland, after a funeral service at Cal-
cutta.
Born Oct. 1818 son of the Rev.
28, :
Robert Mayne educated at Addiscombe

McBEAN, WILLIAM
: :
( ? -1878)
joined the 4th Bengal N.L in 1837 in :
the Afghan war, 1838-40 under Sir : Maj-General rose from being a drum-
:
Robert Sale at Julgar, Oct. 3, 1840

: at : mer boy in the 93rd foot (the Sutherland
the defence of J alalabad at Istalif : Highlanders) to be Lt-Colonel in command
Sep. 29, 1842 Adjutant of the bodyguard
: of the regt., in which he served 45 years.
to Lord Ellenborough Commandant : He obtained his Commission in 1854 in
the Crimea Lt-Colonel, 1872 served all

: : in the Peter Islands in 1793 : sailed for
through the Crimea in the mutiny was at : China, reached Macao, returned to the
Sir Colin Campbell's relief of Lucknow, at islands and sailed to Calcutta left Cal- :
Cawnpur, Kalinadi, siege and capture of cutta and disappeared altogether.

Lucknow, Alaganj, Bareli and other
actions, gaining the Victoria Cross for McCRINDLE, JOHN WATSON
distinguished bravery died in the hospital :
(1825- )
at Woolwich, that he might " die among Son

of John McCrindle born Feb. 16, :
the soldiers," on June 16, 1878. 1825, near Maybole, Ayrshire educated :
at Maybole, and Edinburgh University :
Stratton Gold Medal, 1853 B.A., 1854

MeCABE, ROBERT BLAIR ( ? -1897) : :
M.A., 1855 was Classical Master in 3

:
I.C.S. educated at Victoria School,

:
Edinburgh schools, 1854-9 to India, '•
Jersey sent out to India, 1876

: served :
1859, as Principal of the Doveton College,
in Assam in charge of the Naga Hills
: a :
Calcutta entered Government service,
:
distinguished frontier officer did much :

1866: Professor, Patna College: Professor
to civilize the Angami Nagas in the :
of Logic and Philosophy at Krishnagar
difficulties with the Lushais showed College :Principal of the Patna
first
great bravery and judgment in Feb. :
College, 1867 1880, when he retired
till :
1897, released captives in their hands :

Fellow, Calcutta University, i860 Exam- :
Inspr-General of Police, Assam killed in :

iner in History, Logic and Political
the earthquake at Shillong, June, 1897 :
Economy at the University LL.D. at :
wrote an outline grammar of the Angami Edinbmrgh, 1898. At Patna, with his
Naga language. wife's help, founded a school for native
girls his contributions to the knowledge
:
McCASKILL, SIR JOHN ( ? -1845)

of Indian history comprise the following
Entered the Army in the 53rd regt., works Ancient India as described by
:
1797 : served at Porto Rico and St. Megasthenes and Arrian, 1877 The ;
Lucia, 1797 in the Mahratta war under

: Commerce and Navigation of the Erythraean
Sir T. Munro and Brig- General Pritzler ; Sea, 1879 Ancient India as described
:
present at the siege and capture of Satara, by Ktesias the Knidian, 1822 Ancient ;
Singhar, etc. and at the taking of

: India as described by Ptolemy, 1885 ;
Sholapur at the defeat of 5,000 of the

: Invasion of India by Alexander the Great,
Peshwa's troops, 1818 in the first Afghan :
1893, and 1896 Ancient India as de-
:
war, commanded a Brigade in Pollock's scribed in Classical Literature, 1901 these :
force :at the forcing of the Khyber and six books give a nearly complete collection
at Tezin defeated the Afghans at Istalif
: :
of all works and incidental notices relating
K.C.B. and Maj-General Lt-Colonel of
: : to India contained in Greek and Roman
the 9th foot General of Division at
: literature : another of his works. The
Mudki, where he was killed, Dec. 18, 1845. Christian Topography of Cosmas, an
Egyptian Monk, which he translated and
McCLEVERTY, WILLIAM ANSON edited for the Hakluyt Society in 1897*
(1806-1897) contains some valuable notices of Sokotra,
Lt-General son of Maj-General Sir
: Ceylon and India Member of Council of :
Robert McCleverty joined the 48tli : the R.A.S., 1801 also of R. Scot. G.S. :
:
regt., 1824 became General, 1876

: : and contributed largely to its Journal.
commanded against the Raja of Coorg,
1834 in N. Zealand, 1847
: commanded :
Mcculloch, william (isie-isss)
the Madras District as Maj-General, Lt-Colonel : son of John Ramsay

1860-5 C.
: in C, Madras, 1867-71 : McCulloch :
1816 edu-
born Feb. 28, :
died Oct. 6, 1897. cated at Addiscombe went to Calcutta :
in the Army, 1835 joined the N.I. :

:
MeCLUER ( ? -1794?) Assistant to'the Political Agent at Manipur,

Commander in the Bombay Marine, 1840 Political Agent there, 1845-63.
:
and hydrographer surveyed the Persian : and 1864-7 retired as Lt-Colonel from
:
Gulf, 1785 the bank of soundings off

: the Army in 1867 died in 1885 wrote : :
Bombay, 1787, and performed other an Account of the Valley of Manipur and
similar work in the Eastern seas settled : the Hill Tribes, 1859.
McDONELL, WILLIAM FRASER McLEOD, SIR DONALD FRIELL
(1829-1894) (1810-1872)
I.C.S. son of JEneas Ranald McDonell,
: Lieutenant-Governor son of Lt-General :
of the Madras Civil Service born Dec. 17, : Duncan McLeod born May 6, 1810, at :
1829 : educated at Cheltenham and Fort William, Calcutta educated at :
Haileybury went out to Lower Bengal

: Edinburgh High School, Dulwich, Putney,
in 1850, and served chiefly in the Judicial and Haileybury arrived in Bengal in :
line, as Judge of Krishnagar, and Patna : 1828, commencing his career in, that
Judge of the High Court from 1874 to 1886, province in the Sagar and Nerbudda
:
when he retired. He was a keen sports- territories and Benares, 1831-49 Com- :
man, and years a Steward of the

for missioner of Jalandhar, 1849 Judicial :
Calcutta Turf Club. A memorial was Commissioner of the Panjab, 1854 was :
erected in his honovur, near the High at Lahore during the mutiny of 1857 :
Court. In the mutiny, he accompanied, C.B. Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab,

:
as a volunteer, the expedition sent by 1865-70 K.C.S.I. in 1866

: Chairman :
General Lloyd under Captain Dunbar to of the Sind, Panjab and Delhi Railway :
the relief of the Arrah garrison the : he had pronounced religious opinions, and
party fell into an ambush and had to re- was a philanthropist established the :
treat the siirvivors reached a stream

: Panjab University, and had warm sym-
which had to be crossed in boats, but pathy with the people he advocated :
these were fastened to the bank, and the a greater encouragement of ^ Oriental
party was subjected to a heavy fire from studies, and the promotion of the acquisi-
the rebels. McDonell, at the imminent tion of Western knowledge through the
risk of his life, exposed himself to free one vernacular. Sir John Lawrence called
of the boats full of men, and, amidst a him " cunctator " he died from the effects :
perfect storm of bullets, managed to un- of an accident on the London Underground

fasten it, and it quickly drifted down the Railway, Nov. 28, 1872.
stream and out of range. For this gallant
act he received the Victoria Cross. He McLEOD, DONALD JAMES SIM
subsequently was engaged in the opera-
(1845- )
tions against Kooer Singh in Bihar. He Born Feb. son of Lt-General 22, 1845 :
died at Cheltenham on July 31, 1894.

W. C. McLeod educated at Kensington :
School joined the Madras Army, 1861 :
McGRIGOR, JAMES
:
(1819-1863)
served on the Army Staff, India, 1877-
Son of Lt-Colonel Charles McGrigor :
88 : D.Q.M.G. on service in Burma
born 1819 at Addiscombe
: educated :
1886-7 D.S.O. Commanding 3rd
: :
joined the 21st Bombay N.I. in 1835 :

Madras Lancers, 1890-3 C.B., 1898 : :
served under Sir C. Napier in the Sind Lt-General commanding troops in Burma.
campaigns mutiny commanded
: in the
his regt. at he was warned just
Karachi :
McLEOD, SIR JOHN CHETHAM
in time of their intention to mutiny and (1831- )
massacre Europeans on Sep. 16, and with
Born Jan. son of Lt-Colonel 23, 1831 :
the greatest promptitude disarmed them
drowned accidentally Alexander McLeod educated at St. :
Lt-Colonel, 1862 :
Andrew's and Perth Academy served :
at Aden, June 28, 1863.

for 32 years in 42nd Royal Highlanders :
in Crimea, 1854-5 Indian mutiny,

McINROY, CHARLES (1838- )
:
1857-8 Cawnpur, siege and capture of

:
Born March 3, 1838 son of J. P. :

Lucknow, Aliganj, etc. Brevet-Lt-Colonel :
Mclnroy educated at Wimbledon

: en- :
and C.B. Ashanti war, 1873-4 K.C.B., : -
tered the Army, 1855, and became Colonel, 1874 Lt-General

: retired G.C.B., : :
1885 served in the Indian mutiny,

:
1891.
1857-9 at the surrender of Kirwi, and
:
in Central India Abyssinian campaign,

1868 Egyptian war, 1882, Kassassin
:
:
McMAHON, ARTHUR HENRY

(1862-
and Tel-el- Kebir Burma expedition, :
)
1885-6 : Unemployed Supernumerary Major : born Nov. 28, 1862 : son of Lt-
List since 1895 : C.B., 1894. General C. A. McMahon : educated at
Haileybury and Sandhurst joined the : and Hyderabad, 1843 : was A.D.C. to
Army, 1883, and Indian Staff Corps, Napier when C. in C., 1849-50 in the :
1885 : entered the Pan jab Commission, Afridi operations, and in the forcing of
1887, and the Indian Political Department, the Kohat Pass, 1850 Director-General :
1890 : Political Agent at Zhob, 1891, and of the land traiisport corps in the Crimea :
1893 : accompanied Durand Mission to A.D.C. to Queen Victoria Brevet -Colonel :
Kabul, 1893 CLE. British Commis-

: : C.B. Colonel Commandant of the military
:
sioner for demarcating boundary between train, 1857 Inspr-General of Volunteers,

:
Beluchistan and Afghanistan, 1894-6 : 1860-5 : commandeda District in Bengal,

C.S.I. :Political Agent, Gilgit, 1897-8 : 1870-3 : Maj-General, 1868 General, :
Political Agent, Dir, Swat, and Chitral, 1878 : K.C.B., 1881 died March 2, :
1899-1901 Revenue and Judicial Com-

: 1894.
missioner, Beluchistan, 1901 Commis- :
sioner to settle the Perso-Af ghan boundary, McNALTY, GEORGE WILLIAM

1903 : Agent to the Governor-General (1837- )
in Beluchistan, 1905 F.S.A. F.L.S. : :
Born 1837 : son of G. W. McNalty :
McMAHON, CHARLES ALEXANDER educated at Dublin, Wiesbaden and

(1830-1894) London : joined the Army Medical Staff,
1863, and retired, 1892 : served in the
Son of Capt. Alexander McMahon of British Ambulance in Franco-German
the E. I. Co.'s service born 1830 reached : :
war, 1871 : Ashanti war, 1873-4 : Russo-
India in 1847 was eight years in the
:
Turkish war Afghan war, 1878-80, in :
Madras N.I. joined the Panjab Com-

:
the march from Kabul to Kandahar
mission in 1856 rose to be Commissioner :
Egyptian war, 1882 Tel-el-Kebir Hony. : :
and officiating Financial Commissioner :

Surgeon to Viceroy of India C.B. :
Maj-General retired in 1885.

: He acted
with vigour when the troops at Sealkot
McQUEEN, SIR JOHN WITHERS
mutinied in 1857. He studied geology, (1836- )
petrology and mineralogy, publishing
papers on the geology of the Himalayas Born July 20, 1836 son of Rev. John :
in the records of the Geological Survey McQueen, Chaplain E. I. Co. educated :
of India. He was a Fellow of the Royal at Edinburgh Academy, and Trinity

and Geological Societies, and President College, Glenalmond entered Indian :
of the Geological Association in 1894-5 : Army, 1854 became Lt-General, 1895 :

:
died Feb. 21, 1904. served in the Indian mutiny in 4th Panjab :
Infantry at the siege of Delhi, relief of

McMAHON, SIR THOMAS, BARONET Lucknow, severely wounded (recommended
(1779-1860) for V.C.) at the battles of Agra, Cawnpur,
:
Bareli and other engagements served :
General son of John McMahon

: :
against the Kabul Kheyl Waziris, 1859 :
entered the Army before 1800 saw :
active service in almost every quarter of

Mahsud Waziris, i860, and 1881 Bizotis, :
1869 Jowaki-Afridis,
: 1877-8 com- :
the globe served in the Portuguese

Army in the Peninsula
:
manded Corps of Guides,

the Queen's Own
Adjutant- :
commanded 5th Panjab Infan-

,
1871-3 :
General in India C. in C, Bombay, Feb.
try in Afghan war, 1878-80, at Peiwar
:
1840, to April, 1847 succeeded to the :
Kotal, Sherpur, etc. Brevet-Lt-Colonel :
Baronetcy, 1817 G.C.B. Colonel of

A.D.C. to Queen Victoria and
: :
the loth foot

and C.B. :
died April 10, i860.

:
commanded
Brevet-Colonel, 1881-93 :
the Hazara expedition, 1888 K.C.B., :
McMURDO, SIR WILLIAM MOGUNTA 1889 Military Secretary to

:
Panjab
SCOTT (1819-1894)
Government, 1883-5 commanded the :
Son of Lt-Colonel Archibald McMurdo : Hyderabad Contingent, 1885-6 and :
born May 30, 1819 educated at Sand- : Panjab Frontier Force, 1886-90 ap- :
hurst joined the 8th foot in 1837

: went : pointed Colonel 57th Wilde's Rifles (late
out to Karachi, 1841 head of the Q.M.G. : 4th Panjab Infantry, Panjab Frontier
department in Sind, 1842-7 in Sir C. : Force), 1904 Unemployed Supernumer- :
Napier's force in 1842 : at Miani, 1843 ; ary List, 1897.

McRAE, HENRY NAPIER (1851- ) Thoraason College, Rurki, 1854 Volunteer :
Born Jan. 27, 1851 son of Surgeon- :

in Bundelkund in the mutiny, 1857-8 :
Major James McRae educated privately : :

Director of the Geological Survey of India,
entered the Army, 1871, and the Indian 1878 Fellow of the Calcutta University
: :
Staff Corps, 1874 served in Afghanistan, :

author of A Manual of the Geology of India,
1878-80 Bazar Valley expedition, etc.
: :
1878 retired 1887
: F.G.S. and F.R.S. : :
in the Zhob Valley, 1884 Hazara ex- :

died April 6, 1905.
pedition, 1888, Brevet-Major N.W. :
Frontier, 1897-98 the relief of Malakand,

:
MEDOWS, SIR WILLIAM (1738-1813)
Buner, etc. : C.B. Waziristan expedi-
:
Governor son : of Philip Medows
tion, 1901-2 : Officiating in Command born Dec. 31, 1838 : joined the 50th regt.,
of the Assam District : A.D.C. to H.M. the 1756 served in Germany, America, at
:
King. Brandy wine, 1776 at St. Lucia at the ; ;
Cape of Good Hope, 1781 to India, 1782, :
McSWINEY, EDWARD FREDERICK co-operated with Sir E.Hughes in dispers-

HENRY (1858- ) ing the French fleet under Suffrein :
Born 1858 son of the Rev. J. H. :

Governor and C. in C, Bombay, from Sep.
McSwiney educated at Oxford Military :
1788, to Jan. 1790 : held similar appoint-
College and Sandhurst entered the :
ments Madras from Feb. 1790, to Aug.
at
Army, 1879, and Indian Staff Corps 1792 took the field, 1790, against Tippoo
: :
1882: served in the Burma campaign, took some places, but the campaign was
1886-8 D.S.O. Intelligence Depart
: :
generally unsuccessful Cornwallis took :
ment Headquarters, India, 1892-7 command in person in 1791-2 Medows "

:
Wazuristan Field Force, 1894-5 Pamir :

captured Nandidrug, Oct. 19, 1791 led :
Boundary Commission, 1895, Brevet a column in the attack on Seringapatam,

Major Kuram-Kohat Force as D.A.A.G.
:
Feb. 1792 to England in 1792
: K.C.B. :
1897 Tirah campaign, 1897-8, Brevet

:
General, 1798 Governor of the Isle of
:
Lt-Colonel : War Office Intelligence De Wight C. in C. in Ireland 1801

: died :
partment, expedition 1898-9 : China Nov. 14, 1813.

1900-1 Commandant : ist Lancers
Hyderabad Contingent, since 1899 C.B. : MEHTA, SIR PHIROZSHAH
1903. MERWANJI (1845- )
Born Aug. 1845 B.A. in 1864 called

: :
MEADE, SIR RICHARD JOHN to the bar, 1868 Municipal Commissioner

:
(1821-1894) of the Bombay Corporation, 1873 its '•
Son of R.N. Captain John Meade, :

Chairman, 1884-5 Additional Member =
educated at the Royal Naval School of the Legislative Council of the Governor
entered the Bengal Army, 1838 Lt- :

of Bombay elected representative of the
:
General, 1883 General, 1889 in the : :

non-official of the Bombay
members
mutiny of 1857-9, while in charge of a Legislative Council to the Governor
column, captured Tantia Topi {q.v.) :
General's Legislative Council CLE., :
Political Agent at Gwalior A.G.G., :

1895 K.C.I. E., 1904
: presided over the :
Central India, 1861 C.C, sixth session of the Indian National Con-
Mysore, :
1870 A.G.G. and Special Commissioner

:
gress held at Calcutta, Dec. 1890.
at Baroda, 1875 Member of the Court :
for the trial of Malhar Rao, Gaekwar of MEHTA, RUSTUMJI DHUNJIBHOY

Baroda, 1875 Resident at Hyderabad, : (1849- )
1876-81 died March 20, 1894.

:
Born at Bombay, July 26, 1849 son :
of Dhunjibhoy Byramji Mehta educated :
MEDLICOTT, HENRY BENEDICT at the Bombay Branch School and at the

(1829-1905)
Bengal Academy from i860, when his
Born Aug. 1829 son of Rev. Samuel 8, : father settled in Calcutta : joined his
Medlicott educated at Trinity College,
: father's business, Messrs. D. B. Mehta and
Dublin appointed to Geological Survey
: Co. in 1870 went to Hongkong to manage
:
of Ireland, 1851; England, 1853; and a branch of the business there and visited
India, 1854 Professor of Geology, : Japan : went to England in 1877 to
purchase machinery for the " Empress of his voice : published numerous sermons
India Cotton Mills," and again in 1891 for and lectures died Feb. 9. 1871.
:
the education of his sons Sheriff of :
Calcutta, 1893 Consul for Persia at :

MELVILL, SIR. JAMES COSMO
Calcutta, 1899 Member of the Bengal :
(1792-1861)
Asiatic Society, Port Commissioner, Born 1792 : son of Captain Philip
Calcutta and Chairman of the Alipur
:
Melvill : was in the E. I. Co.'s home
Local Board CLE. : service from 1808 auditor of Indian :
accounts, 1824 Financial Secretary, 1834 :
MEIKLEJOHN, SIR WILLIAM HOPE Chief Secretary, 1836, until 1858, when
:
(1845- )
the Government of India was assumed
Born 1845 entered the Bengal Army,
: by the Crown Government Director of :
1861 was in the Black Mountain cam-

: Indian railways, 1858 F.R.S., 1841 r :
paign, 1868 Jowaki expedition, 1877-8

: : K.C.B., 1853 died July 23, 1861. :
Afghan war, 1878-80, at Ali-Masjid in :
the Mahsud-Waziri expedition, 1881 :

MELVILL, SIR MAXWELL (1834-1887)
Egyptian expedition, 1882, at Tel-el- I.C.S. : educated at Haileybury, 1853-5:
Kebir in the Waziristan expedition,
: went out to Bombay, 1855 was Judicial :
1894-5 : C.B. in the Malakand Field Commissioner in Sind Puisne Judge :
Force, 1897Chakdara : commanded of the High Court Bombay, 1869-84

relief column Buner : K.C.B., 1898 :
Member of Council, Bombay, from April
Field Force Afghan Boundary Com- ; 8, 1884 C.S.L, 1886
: and K.C.I.E.,. :
mission, 1884-6 C.M.G., 1887 com- : :

1887 died at Poona Aug. 5, 1887.
:
manded Oudh District : retired.

MELVILL, SIR PETER MELVILL
MELLISS, SIR HOWARD (1847- ) (1803-1895)
Colonel born April 2, 1847
: son of :
Entered the E. I. Co.'s military service in
George Melliss educated privately and : Bombay, 1819 was in the Revenue :
at Sandhurst entered the Army in: : Survey in Gujarat, 1822-7 A.D.C. to the =
the Abyssinian campaign, 1868, was at Governor of Bombay, 1828 Assistant :
the capture of Magdala in the Intelligence :

to the Bombay Members of the Financial
Branch, Q.M.G.'s Department, Simla Commission, 1829 First Assistant to the :
A.Q.M.G. of Indian contingent in Egypt, Resident in Cutch and Sind, 1836 :
1882 A.Q.M.G. Bombay Army Military

: : Political Agent in Cutch, 1838 Secretary :
Attache in Burma, 1885 organized the :

to the Bombay Government in the Military
Imperial Service Corps and became and MarineDepartments, 1840-59: K.C.B.:
Inspr-General of Imperial Service troops retired as Maj-General, 1861 Member :
of India: K.C.S.L, 1897. of Lord Hotham's Committee on the

Amalgamation of the Indian with the
MELVILL, REV. HENRY (1798-1871) British Army, i860 died Nov. 4, 1895. :
Son of Capt. Philip Melvill of the 73rd MELVILL, PHILIP SANDYS (1827- )
regt. born Sep. 14, 1798 Sizar of St.

: :
I.C.S.born Nov. 29, 1827 son of

John's College, and of Peterhouse, Cam-
: :
Philip Melvill educated at Rugby and

second Wrangler and Smith's
:
bridge :

prizeman, 1821 Fellow and Tutor :
:
Serivce, 1846 served in the Panjab Com-

B.D., 1836 incumbent at Camberwell,
:
:
Chaplain of the Tower of mission up to the appointment of Judge

1829-43 :
of the Chief Court, Panjab, 1849-75 f

London, 1840 Principal of the E. I. :
Member of the Commission for the triaT

College, Haileybury, from 1843 till the
of the Gaekwar of Baroda, 1875 : Resident
closing of the College in 1857 Chaplain to :
at Baroda 1875-81 C.S.L_g

Queen Victoria Canon of St. Paul's from
:
:
1856, and Rector of Barnes from 1863.

MELVILLE, HENRY DUNDAS, FIRST
His tenure of the Principalship of Hailey- VISCOUNT (1742-1811)
bury is estimated to have been successful :
of his success as a preacher there can be Son of Robert Dundas born April 28, :
no doubt he was noted for his eloquence,

:
1742 educated at Edinburgh High
:
management of School and University Advocate, 1763 : :

earnestness, and skilful
286
Solicitor-General
for Scotland, 1766 : to King William IV and Queen Victoria
I
:
M.P. for Midlothian and Newtown from died Feb. i, 1876.

1774-90 Lord Advocate,
: 1775-83 =
Chairman in 1781 of a Committee of

MENPES, MORTIMER ( ? - )
Inquiry into the Carnatic war, and the Eminent painter : has travelled round
state of the British possessions in S. the world author of many illustrated
:
India in May, 1782, carried Resolutions

: books, including World Pictures, 1902 :
for the removal of Warren Hastings from The Darbar, 1903 R.I. R.E. F.R.G.S. : : :
the Governor-Generalship an order to :
this effect was made, but cancelled : in MEREWETHER, SIR WILLIAM

1783 he brought in a the Bill to regulate LOCKYER (1825-1880)
Government of India, which was given Son of Serjeant Henry Alworth Mere-
up for a Government measure with the wether born Feb. 6, 1825
: educated =
same object. When Pitt's East India Bill at Westminster joined the Bombay :
was passed in 1784, Dundas became a Army in 1841 served with the 21st N.I. :
Member Board of Control, and

of the in the Sind campaign of 1842-3 present :
lienceforth always had a potential voice at the battle of Hyderabad in the S. :
in Indian affairs he defended Warren :

Mahratta campaign in the Sind Irregular :
Hastings in 1786, when Burke attacked Horse on the Upper Sind frontier from
his conduct in connexion with the war 1847 defeated a large body of Bugtis
: :
against the Rohillas he called Hastings :

at the siege and capture of Multan, in
the " Saviour of India " he was Home :
1848-9 at Gujarat and the pursuit and
:
Secretary, 1791 President of the Board

:
surrender of the Sikhs in charge of the :
of Control, June 22, i793» to April 25, Sind frontier in 1856, crushed tribal re-
1 801 in 1793 his speech in defence of
: bellions and insubordination of his troops
the Government of India and in favour C.B., i860 Military Secretary to the
:
of the renewal of the East India Company's Bombay Government, 1861 Resident :
monopoly was highly applauded by Pitt at Aden in 1865 conducted active :
Secretary for War. 1794-1801 Keeper :

operations against the Fudhli tribes
of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 1800 :
and the negotiations with King Theodore
created Viscount Melville in 1802 First :
of Abyssinia, 1866-7 commanded the :
Lord of the Admiralty, 1804-5 was :

pioneer force in Abyssinia, 1867 K.C.S.I., :
impeached for malversation of public 1868, and Chief Commissioner in Sind

moneys, 1806, and acquitted, and restored 1868-77 Member of the Council of India
:
in 1807 to the Privy Council, from which from Nov. 1877 died Oct. 4, 1880. :
his name had been removed he refused :

He is well remembered in Sind and in
an Earldom died May 28, 181 1. His
:
Bombay as a keen soldier of the school of
influence over Indian affairs was great J ohn J acob a skilful Political Officer, his
;
during his connexion, either as Member, administration was popular and based
or as President, with the Board of Control, upon full knowledge of the country.
though Mr. James Mill contests the value
of his advice. MERIVALE, HERMAN (1806-1874)
Born Nov. 8, 1806 son of John Herman :
MELVILLE, HENRY DUNDAS, THIRD Merivale : educated at Harrow, and

Trinity College, Oxford (Scholar) Ireland
VISCOUNT (1801-1876) :
Scholar, 1825 Fellow of Balliol College, :
General : born Feb. 25, 1801 : son of 1828 called to

: the bar at the Inner
the second Viscount and grandson of the Temple, 1832 Professor of Political :
first Viscount Melville {q.v.) entered the : Economy at Oxford, 1837, and lectured
Army, 1819 commanded the 83rd
: on " Colonization and Colonies " Assist- :
regt. in Canada, 1837-8 and the Bombay : ant Under Secretary for the Colonies,
column of the Panjab Army, at the siege 1847 permanent Under Secretary, 1848
: :
of Multan and at Gujarat, 1848-9: C.B. transferred in 1859 to the permanent

and thanks of Parliament and the E. I. Under-Secretaryship for India C.B. : :
Co. succeeded as Peer, 185 1 commanded

: : D.C.L. Oxford, 1870 died Feb. 8, 1874 : =
in Scotland, 1856 Governor of Edin- : he devoted himself to literature as oppor-

1 urgh Castle, i860 G.C.B. 1865 A.D.C. : : tunities offered completed Parkes' :
Life of Sir Philip Francis wrote the second : moderation are held in honourable remem-
volume, Sir Herbert Edwardes writing the brance by men of many races, languages
first, of the Life of Sir Henry Lawrence : and religions," etc., etc.
" Historical Studies " for the Edinburgh :
Review for forty years also in the Quar- :

METCALFE, JAMES (1817-1888)
terly Review and Pall Mall Gazette. Born 1817 : natural son of Lord Met-
calfe {q.v.y.educated at Addiscombe join- :
METCALFE, CHARLES THEOPHILUS, ed the 3rd Bengal N.I., 1836 inherited :
BARON (1785-1846) £50,000 from his father A.D.C. to Lord :
Dalhousie, 1848-53 as interpreter to :

Governor-General (provisional) I.C.S. : :
C. in C. in India, with Sir Colin Campbell,

born Jan. 30, 1785, at Calcutta son of :
1857-60 C.B. Brevet Lt-Colonel re-

Major Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, after- : : :
tired, 1861 died March 8, 1888.

:
wards Director of the E. I. Co. and Baronet
educated at Bromley and Eton to :
Calcutta as a " writer " in the E. I. Co.'s METCALFE, SIR THEOPHILUS JOHN,
service in Jan. 1801 the first Student of :
BARONET (1828-1883)
the College of Fort William Assistant : I.C.S.son of Sir Thomas Theophilus
:
Resident at Daulat Rao Sindia's Court Metcalfe, fourth Baronet, and nephew
in the Governor-General's office, 1803 : of Lord Metcalfe born at Delhi, Nov. :
Political Officer with Lake, in the Mahratta 28, 1828 educated at Addiscombe and
:
war, 1804 at the storming of Deeg, Dec.

: Haileybury joined the E. I. Co.'s service
:
24 : Assistant to Resident at Delhi, in 1848 became Baronet, 1853

: Magis- :
1806 on a special mission to Ran jit

: trate at Delhi at the outbreak of the
Singh at Lahore, 1808, leading up to the mutiny, May, 1857 gave information to :
treaty of 1809 Deputy Secretary with

: the magazine officers at Delhi with the :
Lord Minto, 1809-10 Resident at : Army before Delhi foremost in the work :
Gwalior, 1810 Resident at Delhi, 1811-

: of retribution Assistant to the Agent :
19 :Secretary in the Secret and Political at Delhi C.B., 1864 retired, 1866
: : :
Department and Private Secretary to the died Nov. 10, 1883.

Governor-General, Marquess of Hastings,
Jan. 1819-Sep. 1820 Resident at Hydera-
:
MEURIN, RIGHT REV. LEO, D.D.
bad, 1820 had to deal with the case of
:
(1825-1895)
the banking firm of Palmer & Co. : Vicar Apostolic of Bombay (Catholic) :
succeeded to the Baronetecy, 1822 in : of French extraction born in Berlin, :
T825, Resident at Delhi and A.G.G., June 23, 1825 entered the Society of :
Rajputana Member of the Supreme

: Jesus (German Province), April 8, 1853 :
Council, Aug. 1827-Nov. 1834 Governor : arrived in India, Oct. 1858 was Military :
of Agra, Nov. 1834 acting Governor- : Chaplain at Poona, parochial priest at

General, March, 1835-March, 1836 : Candolim and Bombay Cathedral Supe- :
liberated the Press G.C.B., 1836 : : rior of the Diocesan Seminary, i860
Lieutenant-Governor of the N. W. P., nominated, 1867, Bishop of Arcalon in
June, 1836, to June, 1838 dis- : partibus, and Vicar Apostolic over the
appointed of the Governorship of Madras : Vicariate of Bombay and Western India :
resigned Privy Councillor

: appointed : also, in 1867, Superior of the Jesuit
Governor of Jamaica, 1839-42 Governor- : Mission consecrated, Feb. 2, 1868, hence-
:
General of Canada, 1843-5 suffered : forward residing at the Fort Chapel,

from cancer in the cheek lost sight of : Bombay attended the Vatican Council
:
an eye created a Peer, 1845

: died : at Rome, 1869-70 acted, 1876-7. as :
Sep. 5, 1846 his bust is at theT^Metcalfe

: Visitor Apostolic to the community of
Hall, Calcutta. His epitaph was written the Syrian rite on the Malabar coast
by Macaulay, including the words, " A recalled to Rome, July, 1886, and made
statesman tried in many high posts and Archbishop died June i,of Mauritius:
difficult conjunctures and found equal 1895 buried in the Cathedral there. In
;
to all. The three greatest dependencies Bombay he showed himself a ruler of vast
of the British Crown were successively enterprise in founding schools, colleges and
entrusted to his care. In India, his missions, as well as delivering public
fortitude, his wisdom, his probity and his lectures on religious subjects, chiefly of
interest to Hindus and Parsis through : MIDDLETON, NATHANIEL ( ? - ? )
a newspaper controversy, he converted
In the service of the E. I. Co appointed
Luke Rivington, a prominent Anglican :
Resident at the Court of Shuja-ud-daula,

clergyman in Bombay, to the Catholic
Nawab of Oudh, by Warren Hastings,
faith. A volume of his Select Works was
1774 recalled from Lucknow in the same
:
edited after his death, chiefly pamphlets
year, after the Rohilla war, by the majority
and Pastorals he founded the Pastoral
:
in Council, but reinstated in 1776 seems :
Gazette and the Indian Messenger his :
to have incurred the displeasure of Hast-
zeal and talents did much for the prestige
ings by his slowness in pressing Asaf-ud-
of his Church in Western India. He daula, the new Nawab, for the treasure
played an important part in the establish-
of the Begams of Oudh later, Middleton :
ment of St. Xavier's High School and
was called as a witness at the trial of
College, Bombay (now about 1,400 pupils
W. Hastings, 1788-94.
and 300 University students) St. Mary's ;
College, Bombay (now about 250 boarders MIDDLETON, RIGHT REV. THOMAS
and 500 day scholars) St. Vincent's High ;
FANSHAW, D.D. (1769-1822)
School, Poona (now about 400 day scholars );
an Orphanage at Bandora (now about 500); Son of Rev. Thomas Middleton : born
a College at Mangalore, and other edu- Jan. 26, 1769 educated at Christ's :
Hospital, and Pembroke College, Cam-

cational and charitable institutions.
bridge ordained in 1792
: curate of :
Gainsborough brought out weekly The :
MEYRICK, JAMES JOSEPH (1834- )

Country Spectator, 1792-3 Rector of :
Tansor, 1795 of Bytham, 1802 published

; :
Born Sep. 1834 son of Theobald

6, : The Doctrine of the Greek Article applied
Meyrick educated at City of London
: to the Criticism and the Illustration of the
School and Royal Veterinary College, New Testament, 1808 D.D., 1808 Pre- : :
London served in the R.A., in Canada

: bendary of Lincoln, 1809 Vicar of St. :
and Egypt superintendent of horse-

: Pancras, 1811 Archdeacon of Hxm ting- :
breeding operations in the Panjab, 1878- don, 1812 edited the British Critic, 181 1 :
:
80 Egyptian campaign, 1882, C.B.

: : appointed the first Bishop of Calcutta r
author of Stable Management and Preven- consecrated. May, 1814 reached Calcutta :
tion of Disease among Horses in India : Nov. 1814 established schools

: and
Veterinary Manual for use of Native Horse- committees made long visitation tours
:
owners in India, translated into Hindu- in S. India, Bombay, Madras founded :
stani. Bishop's College at Howrah, opposite to

Calcutta, 1820 died of fever at Calcutta, :
July 8, 1822 his monument is in St.

MICHEL, SIR JOHN
:
(1804-1886)
Paul's Cathedral, London F.R.S. and :
Field Marshal son of General John :

Vice-President of the Asiatic Society of
Michel born Sep. i, 1804
: educated at :
Bengal.
Eton: joined the 57th foot in 1823: at the
A.D.C. to his
MILES, WILLIAM ? -1860) (
R.M.C., Sandhurst, 1832-3 :
uncle. Sir H. Fane {q.v.), when C. in C. in Joined theBombay N.I., 1800 served :
India, 1835-9 commanded Brigades :

at Baroda made a treaty in 1820 with
:
in the Kafir wars of 1846-7 and 1852-3 :

the Raja of Rodanpur commanded a :
C.B. : Chief of the Staff of the Turkish regt. in the first Burmese war : took
contingent in the Crimean war: to Bom- Mergui : made
a treaty with the Suigam
bay in 1858 commanded the Malwa
:
chiefs, in Gujarat, in 1826 Political :
Field Force in several engagements

:
Officer at Palanpur, 1829 retired, 1834 '•
:
defeated Tantia Topi, who was eventually Maj-General died May 21, i860 : trans- :
captured and hanged : K.C.B. : com- lated works on the History of Hyder Naik,
manded a Division in China, i860 : at 1842 and History of the Reign of Tipu
:
the occupation of Pekin burned the :

Sultan, 1844.
Summer Palace G.C.B., 1871 Lt-General,
: :
1866 General, 1874

: commanded the •*
MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
forces in Ireland, 1875-80 Field Marshal, : Philosopher and historian : born in
1885 died May 23, 1886.
: 1773 son of a shoemaker
' : educated
at Montrose Academy and Edinburgh learnt Sanskrit and the vernacular lan-
University studied philosophy
: was : guages published an Arabic version of the
:
licensed as a preacher in 1798, and became Book of Common Prayer and the Psalms :
a tutor went to London in 1802, for a

: and the Christa Sangita, the Life of Christ,
literary career. In 1806 he began his rendered into 5,000 stanzas of Sanskrit,
History of British India, which he com- his own compilation gave much atten-
:
pleted in 1818, writing, besides, largely for tion to education was Vice-President of
:
Periodicals, Reviews, the Encyclopcedia the Asiatic Society of Bengal deciphered :
Britannica, etc., etc. he was the friend of

: the inscriptions on the Allahabad column,
Bentham, Ricardo, Joseph Hume, Lord and wrote on the inscriptions on pillcirs
Brougham, George Grote, etc., and held and on the ancient history of India :
pronounced views on political economy, returned to England, 1837 failed as a :
utilitarianism, etc. has been called the

: candidate for the Sanskrit Professorship
founder of Philosophic Radicalism. He at Oxford became Chaplain to the
:
was appointed to the India Office in 18 19 Archbishop of Canterbury, 1839 and :
as an Assistant Examiner of Correspond- Christian Advocate at Cambridge, 1840 :

ence, and by 1830 was at the head of the also Regius Professor of Hebrew there,
office, and had great influence with his 1848, and a Canon of Ely F.R.A.S. r :
official superiors. Before the renewal of a profound Oriental scholar D.D. : :
the E. I. Go's charter in 1833 he was died Dec. 25, 1853.

examined for days before the House of
Commons Committee, and did not advocate MILLER, SIR ALEXANDER EDWARD
the application of his advanced views to (1828-1903)
India :he was the father of John Stuart Born Aug. 28, 1828 educated at Rugby :
Mill [q.v.) died June 23, 1836.

: A new and had a distinguished career at Trinity
edition of his History was brought out, College, Dublin, 1851 was called to the :
with notes by H. H. Wilson (q.v.). bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1854 Q'C and •
Bencher in 1872. From 1877-88 he was

MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873) a Member of the Railway Commission :
son of J ames Mill Knight Bachelor in 1889 a Master in
The philosopher :
:
(q.v.): born May 20, 1806: educated Lunacy from 1889 to 91 Legal Member :
privately he was never in India, but was

:
of the Governor-General's Supreme Coun-
cil, 1 89 1-6, when he retired Honorary
connected with it by joining the India
:
House as a junior clerk in 1823 he was :

LL.D. in 1875, and C.S.I, in 189 died at :
Ballycastle, County Antrim, Sep. 13,

third in the office, on £1,200 a year, when
his father died in 1836 chief of the office :
1903.
in 1856, on £2,000 a year he prepared, :
in 1 858, the document in which theE. I. Co.

MILLER, JOHN ONTARIO (1857- >
stated their case against their threatened I.C.S.born Aug. 7, 1857

: : educated
termination when the statute of 1858
: at King's College, Aberdeen : joined, in
was passed and the government of the 1879, the Civil Service in the N.W.P. :
E. I. Co. came to an end. Mill retired on a Private Secretary to the Lieutenant-

pension of £1,500 a year. It is said that, Governor rose to be Chief Secretary to the
:
for 23 years, he wrote all the political Government, N.W.P. and Oudh, 1898-
despatches from the India House he : 1902 Secretary to the Government of
:
wrote no single special work on India : India in the Revenue Department,

died May 8, 1873- 1902-5 Private
: Secretary to Lord
Curzon and Lord Ampthill, Viceroys of
MILL, REV. WILLIAM HODGE, D,D. India, 1903-4 C.S.I.,: 1901 Chief :
(1792P-1853) Commissioner of the Central Provinces,

Born about 1792 educated by Dr. :
1905.
Belsham, the Unitarian preacher went
MILLER, REV. WILLIAM
:
(1838-
to Cambridge sixth Wrangler in 181 3
: :
Fellow of Trinity College, 1814 for 5 : Born Jan. 13, 1838 educated at :
years studied Oriental languages ap- :

Marischal College, Aberdeen, and New
College, Edinburgh Principal of the
pointed Principal of Bishop's College, :
Calcutta, 1820, then recently established : Madras Christian College since 1863
Member of the Legislative Council» living of Great Mario w from 1862 until
Madras, 1893-7 Moderator, Free Church : he went to Calcutta as Bishop in March,
of Scotland, 1896-7 Vice-Chancellor of : 1867 was energetic in touring round
:
the University of Madras, 1902-3 author : his extensive diocese : and in his visita-
of several educational and religious works. tions Metropolitan
as he belonged to :
the High Church party desired to in- :
MILLER, WILLIAM HENRY (1805- crease the number of the Bishops in

1873) India, pressing specially for the erection
of a Bishopric in Lahore as a good lin-
Maj -General born May i, 1805 son : :
:
guist he mastered several native languages,

of Major W. Miller educated at Addis- :
entered the Madras Artillery, so as to be able to preach in them he :

combe :
present in several actions against was much loved and respected by all
1823 :
commanded classes, including the natives died at :

insurgents in Mysore, 1831 :
the Artillery Brigade with the Sagar

Rawal Pindi on March 15, 1876 the :
Field Force under Sir G. C. Whitlock,

:
Government erected a memorial to him
again in several in the Cathedral at Calcutta the Notifica- :
in Bundelkund, 1858 :
tion issued by the Government testified

actions lost his right arm at Banda,
:
A.D.C. to the Queen to Dr. Milman's indefatigable energy,

April 19, 1858 : :
his charity and munificence, his zeal in

Maj-General and C.B. retired, i860 :
promoting all good works, especially the

President of the Prize Committee in the
education of the poorer classes of Euro-
Banda and Kirwi prize case a great :
peans in India, and his broad and benevo-

shikari and authority on all sport died :
lent sympathies with all classes of the

May 15. 1873-
community.
MILLETT, FREDERICK ( ? -1856)
I.C.S. : was in the Civil Service, 1816- MILLS, LAWRENCE HEYWORTH
48 : the Indian Law Commis-
Member of (1837- )
sion : of the Supreme Council

Member
from 1845 until he retired died 1856. : Born 1837 son of P. L. Mills educated
: :
at New York University came to Oxford, :
MILLS, SIR CHARLES, BARONET 1887, on the invitation of Prof. Max

(1792-1872) Miiller, and has resided there since :
Born son of William Mills Professor of Zend Philology at Oxford

1792 : :
Director of the E. I. Co., 1822 was M.P. :

since 1898 succeeded Professor Dar-
:
for Northallerton Member of the Council :

mesteter at his request, on " Sacred Books
made Baronet in of the East" author of translations of
of India, 1858-68 :
:
1868 for his public services as Member of Gathas with Zend, Pahlavi, Sanskrit and
Council died Oct. 4, 1872.
:
Persian texts.
MILLS, JOHN (1722-1811) MINCHIN, JAMES INNES (1825-1903)

Captain the Black Hole at
: was in
I.C.S. : born 1825 educated at Hailey- :
Calcutta, June, 1756, and there gave up

bury, 1842-3 went out to Madras,
:
his place at the window to J. Z. Holwell

1844 : rose to be Collector of Kurnool for
{q.v.) his pocket-book supplied Orme
:
6 years, Collector and Political Agent,
iq.v.) with his account of the siege of Cal-
Vizagapatam Chief Secretary to the
:
cutta, 1756 he survived 55 years, dying

:
Madras Government Additional Member :
in 1811.
of theGovernor-General's Legislative
Council, 1868 Acting Resident of Travan-
:
MILMAN, RIGHT REV. ROBERT, D.D. core and Cochin left Madras, 1871 a : :
(1816-1876)
great proficient of the game of chess :
Third son of Sir William George Milman, Honorary Secretary of the St. George's
Bart. born Jan. 25, 1816
: educated at : Chess Club a classical scholar, contribut -
:
Westminster and Exeter College, Oxford : ing to the Academy and other journals :
Scholar B.A., 1838

: D.D., 1867 : : wrote Sonnets Ex Oriente, and translated
ordained, 1839 Vicar of Chaddleworth, : Dante's Divina Comedia, 1885 a keen :
1840: of Lambourn, 1851 held the : sportsman died Jan. 18, 1903.
:
MINOCHER-HOMJI, MANECKJI Control, 1806, and Governor -General of
BARJORJI (1840-1898) India, July, 1807, to Oct. 1813 reformed :
Indian journalist and novelist born :

the finances of India, despatched Mis-
July 30, 1840 educated at the Elphin-
:
sions to Kabul, Lahore and Persia, to
stone Institution, Bombay served in :
make alliances, with the object of defence
the Military Board office editor of the :
against French invasion made a treaty :
Dost-i-Hind, 1861 and the Suryodaya, :

with Sind he annexed Amboyna, 1810
:
;
1864-6 editor and part-proprietor of

:
the Molucca Islands, the Isle of Bourbon,
the Bombay Samachar, 1866, with which the Mauritius, and went himself on the
he was connected intimately till his expedition under the military command
death, raising it to a leading position of Sir S.Auchmuty to Java in 18 11. He
among native papers in W. India its :
endeavoured to introduce reforms into
sole proprietor from 1871 brought out :
the native government of Oudh, and paid
the Loke-mitra, or " People's Friend," much attention to the internal administra-
1868 : a great humorist, he conducted a tion India generally, in respect of
of
comic weekly the Daterdoo (the Scythe) the press, religious toleration, education,
1874-90, in which he published his novel the suppression of local disturbances
of Parsi social life, 1878-87, until he he was created Earl of Minto and
closed this paper. He wrote much on Viscount Melgund, 1813 he embarked :
the foreign policy and relations of Eng- for England in Dec. 1813 arrived :
land and India, and the European position there in May 1814 died June 21, :
of the rulers of India published 12 vols., :

1 8 14, and was buried in Westminster
1879, of the ancient Persian legends of Abbey.
Iran, which he called Burjornama cul- :
tivated Ind'an music scientifically, and MINTO, GILBERT JOHN MURRAY

published a collection of Indian odes : KYNYNMOND ELLIOT, FOURTH
was a member of the Indian Philharmonic EARL OF (1845- )
Society made a great reputation among

:
Viceroy and Governor- General born :
Indian journalists his editorship of the :
July 9, 1845 son of third Earl educated

: :
Samachar being formally acknowledged College Cambridge

at Eton and Trinity ;
by Government made J. P. in 1885 :
was
:
B.A : in the Scots Guards, 1867-70 :
died 1898.
in Paris during [the Communist outbreak,
1871 correspondent, three years later, for
MINTO, SIR GILBERT ELLIOT, FIRST
:
the Morning Post, with the Carlist Army

EARL OF (1751-1814)
in Biscay and Navarre served with the :
Governor-General son of Sir Gilbert : Turkish Army in the Russo-Turkish war,

Elliot, Bart. born April 23, 175 1
: : 1877: at the bombardment of Nikopolis,
educated privately, at the Pension Mili- and the crossing of the Danube with Lord :
taire, Fontainebleau Edinburgh, and at ; Roberts in the Afghan war, 1878-9 :
Christ Church, Oxford called to the bar :

was nearly accompanying Cavagnari
at Lincoln's Inn, 1774 M.P. for Mor- :
{q.v.) to Kabul, 1879 Private Secretary
:
peth, 1776-84 for Berwick, 1786-90

: : to Lord Roberts on his mission to the Cape,
schoolfollow of Mirabeau and friend of 1881 :was a volunteer, as Captain in
Burke in 1787-8 he at first carried a
: the Mounted Infantry in Egypt, 1882:
motion in Parliament, condemning the wounded, and rejoined Military Secre- :
conduct of Sir Elijah Impey at Calcutta, tary to the Marquis of Lansdowne, when
chiefly about the trial of Nuncomar {q.v.) : Governor-General of Canada, 1883-5 :
but the motion was afterwards lost he : Chief of the Staff to General Middleton
tried, but failed, to become the Speaker in quelling the Riel rebellion in N.W.
of the House of Commons M.P. for : Canada, 1885 candidate for Hexham,
:
Helston, 1790 D.C.L. Oxford, 1793

: in : 1886 :succeeded to the title, 1891 :
1794-6 he was Governor of the Protec- Governor-General of Canada, 1 898-1904 :
torate of Corsica returned to England : received there T.R.H. the Prince and Prin-
in 1798. and was made Baron Minto cess of Wales appointed Viceroy and
:
Envoy and Minister-Plenipotentiary at Governor-General of India, August,

Vienna, 1799 F.R.S. London and Edin-
: 1905: G.C.M.G., 1898: P.C, J.P.: Hony.
burgh, 1803 : President of the Board of LL.D. Toronto.
MIR IZZET UELAH ? ( - ? ) and took shelter with the Rana of Gohud :
A servant of the traveller after staying there some years, he went to

Moorcroft
{q.v.) despatched on a preparatory tour
:
Jodhpur, and thence to Delhi to serve the
to the countries which Moorcroft pro Emperor Shah Alam, in 1774, but was
posed to visit Izzet UUah travelled
:
disappointed died at Kotwal, near
:
from Delhi to Kashmir, Tibet, Yarkand, Delhi, in 1777.

Kashgar, Khokand, Samarkand, Bokhara,
Balkh, Khulm, Kabul and Hindustan MIRZA MUHAMMAD ALI BEG KHAN,
he kept a journal of his stages and col- NAWAB BAHADUR ( ? - )
lected much information, which was

translated and published as " Travels
Son of Mirza Wilayat Ali Beg Rasal- :
dar, 3rd Lancers, Hyderabad Contingent

beyond the Himalaya " in the Calcutta
served in the Hyderabad Contingent,
Oriental Quarterly Magazine, 1825, and
Afghan war, 1879-80 Black Mountain :
republished in the J.R.A.S., 1843.
expedition, 1888 China expedition, :
1900 raised and first commanded the

MIR JAFAR, (1691-1766)
:
ist and 2nd Lancers, Hyderabad Imperial

J afar Ali Khan early brought up in
:
Service troops Commandant of H.H. the
:
the family of Aliverdi Khan, the usurper Nizam's Regular Forces since 1897.
of the Government of Bengal appointed :
C. in by
Aliverdi for his successful
C, MITCHELL, REV. DR. J. MURRAY
expedition against the Mahratta raids in (1814-1904)
Bengal after the death of Aliverdi,
:
entered into conspiracy against Suraj-ud- Missionary ordained in 1838 and went
:
daula, the new Nawab though present :

to Bombay year that
taught in the :
at the battle of Plassy in 1757, he held

Free General Assembly's Institution and
aloof from both sides College in Bombay, and afterwards at
after the murder :
of Suraj -ud-daula by Miran, son of J afar, Poona, 1834-66 was the first Indian
:
the latter was made Nawab Nazim of Missionary to receive the degree of LL.D. :
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, in June, 1757 an accurate scholar, well versed in Mah-
:
in 1759 he intrigued with the Dutch to ratti was for a time Minister of the
:
expel the English, and was deposed by English Free Church of Scotland in Cal-
the English in 1760, his son-in-law, Mir cutta after leaving India
: he was
Kasim, being substituted as Nawab Presbyterian Minister at Nice for some
in :
1763 Mir J afar was restored as Nawab,

years wrote Letters to Indian Youths,
:
and Mir Kasim deposed reigned quietly :

recommending Christianity to educated
until he died in Jan. 1765 from an attack Hindus The Great Religions of India :
:
of leprosy buried at Murshidabad.

:
and a Biography of the Rev. Robert Nesbitt,
Missionary : was Duff Missionary Lec-
MIR KASIM ( ? -1777) turer, 1895-1903 died Nov. 1904. :
Mir Kasim Ali Khan son-in-law of :
Mir J afar appointed Nawab Nazim of

:
MITRA, RAJA DIGAMBAR (1817-1879)
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by the English Born educated at the Hare
in 1817 :
in place of Mir J afar, on Sep. 27, 1760 : School and Hindu College appointed :
but serious disputes soon arose between Assistant Secretary to the British Indian
him and the English, regarding commerce Association, 185 1 Vice-President, 1869, ;
and the conduct of the servants of the and, later, President was a Member of :
E. I. Co., which led to war fortified Mon- : the Epidemic Fever Commission, 1864,
ghyr for his defence against the English : after which he held the theory that ob-
the English defeated his troops at Katwa structed drainage is the chief cause of
on July 19, at Gheria on Aug. i, 1763, fever was thrice Member of the Bengal
:
and again at Udwanala he left Monghyr, : Legislative Council Sheriff of Calcutta, :
and at Patna ordered the massacre of the 1874 :C.S.I., 1876 Raja, 1877. As a :
English prisoners there, 50 gentlemen manager of large estates in early life, and
and 100 others, on Oct. 5, 1763 fled to : as a landowner, he had a great knowledge
Oudh to Shuja-ud-daula, the Wazir of of zamindari affairs, which was most use-
Oudh, who refused to deliver him to the ful in his public life he died April 20^ :
English he then escaped to Rohilkund

: 1879.
MITRA, DINA BANDHU, RAI Deputy Magistrate in 1846 for some
BAHADUR (1829-1873) years Junior Magistrate in Calcutta, but
:
Born in 1829 educated at the Hare

:
lost his appointment : then devoted
School and the Hindu College while a :
himself to literature and politics con- ;
student began to write in Bengali and ducted a newspaper until his health failed,
contribute to the Sambad Pravakar, and wrote constantly in the Calcutta
edited by Iswar Chanda Gupta in 1855 :
Review, and a life of Dwarka Nath Tagore
went to Patna as Postmaster within :
he set on foot a Social Reform Association :
two years became Inspector of Post died Aug. 6, 1873.

Offices in Orissa, and subsequently at
Nadia and Dacca in 1858, while at
:
MITRA. PIARI CHAND (1814-1883)
Dacca, published the celebrated Bengali One the zealous social reformers
of
novel. Nil Darpan, or the Mirror of Indigo, inspired by Derozio at the old Hindu
which was translated into English in i860, College adopted a commercial career,
:
under the superintendence of the Rev. but literature was the real work of his
James Long (q.v.), of the Church Mis- life :contributed largely to the local
sionary Society in 1870 became Super-
: Journals, and to spirituaHstic Journals
numerary Inspecting Postmaster of Cal- out of India helped to found the British
:
cutta :in 1871 accompanied the Lushai Indian Association, and worked hard for
expedition as Superintendent of Postal a number of societies. In 1868, as Member
Intelligence in 1872 made a Rai Bahadur
:
:
of the Bengal Legislative Council, he
died Nov. i, 1873 wrote many Bengali helped to pass the Act for the Prevention
books in prose and verse, and is generally of Cruelty to Animals, and was Secretary
regarded as the greatest humorist of the to the Society formed for that purpose :
Bengali language. was a J.P. Fellow of the Calcutta Univer-

:
sity Hony. Magte. Member of the Cal-

: :
MITRA, DWARKANATH (1833-1874) cutta Corporation. In later life he became

Son of a Law Agent practising in the a spiritualist and Theosophist, aiding in
Hughli Courts educated in the Hughli
:
the foundation of the Theosophic Society
and Presidency Colleges, where he had a of Calcutta. His life was one of literary
distinguished career joined the Calcutta
:
activity and public usefulness he wrote :
bar as a Pleader in 1856, and in 1862, a life of David Hare {q.v.) died Nov. :
when the High Court was established, was 1883.

the leader, of the Native bar distin- :
guished himself in arguing the case of the MITRA, RAJA RAJENDRA LAL
raiyats in the famous Rent case of 1865 (1824-1891)
before a full bench of 15 judges became : Scholar and antiquarian belonged to :
Government Pleader, and was promoted a respectable Sudra family born Feb. 15, :
to the High Court Bench in 1867. He 1824: sonof JanamejayaMitra educated :
studied Comte in the original French, and in Calcutta at English schools, and later
corresponded with some eminent Positiv- at the Calcutta Medical College turned :
ists: was a Fellow of the Calcutta his attention to Law, but only for a short
University was a " most learned, up-
: period next studied Sanskrit, Greek,
:
right, able and independent judge," Latin, French and German. At the age
remarkable for his intellectual qualities, of 22 he was appointed Assistant Secretary
his keen discrimination, his retentive and Librarian of the Bengal Asiatic
memory and his wonderful command of Society in 1856 he was appointed
:
the English language was a great : Director of the Wards' Institution : when
reader died Feb. 25, 1874.
: it was closed, in 1880, he retired on a
pension. He contributed 114 articles to
MITRA, KISORI CHAND (1822-1873) the Journal of the Asiatic Society : several
Brother of Piari Chand Mitra {q.v.) : of his essays were collected and repub-
born May, 1822 educated at the Hare
: lished in two volumes under the title of
School and Hindu College appointed, : Indo-Aryans : also wrote Antiquities of
in 1844, Assistant Secretary to the Asiatic Orissa and Buddha Gaya and on The :
Society his
: writings attracted such Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nipal,
favourable notice that he was appointed a 1882 his 128 volumes of writings showed
:
his research, scholarship and erudition : MITTER, SARADA CHARAN
wrote largely for the Hindu Patriot, often (1848- )
inspiring its policy. In 1885 he was Born Dec. 1848 took his B.A.
17, :
elected President of the Asiatic Society degree in 1870, and, later, M.A. at the
of Bengal, and in 1886 took a prominent
Calcutta University was Premchand :
part in the Second National Indian Con- Roychand Scholar in 1871 B.L., 1873 :
'•
gress was Member of the Calcutta

:
practised in the Calcutta High Court
Corporation D.L. of the Calcutta Univer-
:
from 1874 officiating High Court Judge,
:
sity, 1875 Vice-President and President

:
1903 :confirmed, 1904 has written a :
of the British Indian Association Raj :

law book on the Land Laws of Bengal.
Bahadur, 1877: C.I.E., 1878: and Raja,
1888. The most learned Hindu of his MOHAN LAL ( ? -1870)
time he received a special pension in
son of Pandit Budh Singh of
:
Munshi :
recognition of his services to Literature

Delhi educated at the English College
:
and Archasology his name is well known :

at Delhi when still quite a youth, he
:
to antiquarians and savants in every part

accompanied Lieutenant Alexander Burnes
of the world died July 26, 1891. :
and Dr. J. G. Gerard on their journey to
Persia in 1832 in the capacity of Persian
MITRA, TRAILOKYA NATH (1844- munshi. The expedition was undertaken
1895) by order of the Government of India,
with the object of gaining a knowledge of
Born May 2, 1844 son of Joy Gopal :
the general condition of the countries

Mitra educated at Uttarpara
: M.A., :
west of the Indus. Mohan Lai assisted

1864: B.L., 1865 Doctor in Law, 1877, :
Burnes in his Persian correspondence.

of Calcutta University Lecturer in :
Mathematics at the Presidency College :

The latter, in his book, Travels into Bok-
hara, speaks highly of Mohan Lai's trust-
Law Lecturer and Acting Professor of
worthiness and interest in the expedition,
Philosophy at Hughli College joined the :
as well as of the detailed journal which

bar : practised at Hughli and in the
Calcutta High Court, 1875 Fellow of :
Mohan Lai kept at the request of Burnes.
This diary was published in 1834, under
the Calcutta University, 1879 and :
the title of Journal of a Tour through the

Tagore Lecturer, 1879, on " Hindu
Law
" Panjab, Afghanistan, Turkistan, Khorasan,
Widows President of the Faculty of
:
Law M.R.A.S. died of fever, April 18,

: :
and Part of Persia. During the first
Afghan war he was employed as Attache
1895.
to the British Agency but the greater :
part of his life was spent at Delhi, where

MITTER, SIR ROMESH CHUNDER he died about 1870.
(1840-1899)
Born 1840 son of the Head Clerk of:
MOHL, JULIUS (1800-1876)
the Sadr Adalat at Calcutta educated : Born Oct. 25, 1800, at Stuttgart : son
in the Hare School and the Presidency of a high civil official in Wurtemburg :
College there passed his B.L., and became

: went to Tubingen to study theology
a Pleader when he was 21 rose to the : attracted by Eastern studies, he went to
front rank of his profession, and was a Paris, 1823, to the School of Oriental
Judge of the High Court, 1 874-1 890 on : Learning in the College de France at- :
two occasions acted as Chief Justice tended lectures on Arabic, Persian and
was a Fellow, and President of the Faculty Chinese made Professor of Oriental
:
of Law, of the University. For the re- Languages at TUbingen, 1826 (which he
mainder of his life he rendered many resigned in 1831), but allowed to continue
services to his countrymen was a Member : his studies at Paris in England, 1830-1
: :
of the Governor-General's Legislative at Paris, selected by the French Govern-

Council and of the Public Service Commis- ment to translate Firdusi's Shah Nameh :
sion joined the National Congress and

: : 6 volumes appeared, 1838-68 the seventh :
was Vice-President of the Indian Science and last unfinished at his death Member :
Association. He was first knighted, of the French Institute, 1844 Professor :
and afterwards K.C.I.E. : died July 13, of Persian at the College de France :
1899. Inspector of the Oriental Department at

295
the Imperial Press, 1852 Assistant Secre-
tary, then Secretary, and eventually
:
MONEY, SIR ALONZO (I72.3-1900)
President of the Societe I.C.S.
son of George Money, Master
Asiatique :
:
through this Society he greatly advanced of the Supreme Court, Calcutta

educated :
Oriental scholarship at Haileybury went out to Lower Bengal,

his Annual Reports, :
:
delivered from 1840 to 1867, contained 1843 in the mutiny, as Magistrate-

:
reviews of the whole addition to the Collector of Gaya, returned to the

station
stock of Oriental learning in Europe for when ordered away, saved the treasure
each year, i.e. the progress of Oriental at great personal risk, escorted
it to
research in the principal Indian lan- Calcutta constantly engaged with the
:
guages and other branches of Indian rebels in Bihar C.B., i860 Commissioner : :
literature. They have been of Bhagalpur, 1863 Member of the

collected and :
published in 2 volumes. He was inde- Board of Revenue, 1869, and of the Bengal
fatigable in promoting Legislative Council left India, 1877
discoveries in :
:
Mesopotamia, by excavations, explora- English Commissioner of the Public Debt

tions, the acquisition, publication of Egypt from 1880 K.C.M.G., 1898
and : :
decipherment of newly found inscriptions died at Cairo, April 7, 1900.

in the Persian, Median and Babylonian
languages : announcing yearly the results
MONEY, ELLIOT ALEXANDER
(1843-
attained. He retained his position in
)
Paris throughout the Franco-German Born Aug. 1843 son of W. Money, 16, :
war, generally respected for his devotion B.C.S. entered the Indian Army, i860,
:
to science died in Paris, Jan. 4-5, 1876.

:
and the Indian Staff Corps, 1869 served :
in the Pan jab Cavalry, and Corps of

MOLESWORTH, SIR GUILDFORD Guides, 1869-87 A.A.G., Panjab, 1887- :
LINDSEY (1828- 90 commanded the 3rd Bengal Cavaky,

:
)
1891-4 D.A.G., India, 1894-97: officia-
:
Born May 3, 1828 son of Rev. J. E. N. :

ted in command of Allahabad, Assam
Molesworth educated at King's School,
:
and Agra Districts, 1897-9 C.B. 1897. :
Canterbury, and College of Civil Engin-

eers, Putney Engineer in England, and
:
on Ceylon railways Consulting Engineer :

MONEY, WILLIAM JAMES (1832- )
to the Government of India, 1871-89 :

educated at Haileybury, 1850-
I.C.S. :
acting Director-General of Railways and 2 : went out to Bengal in the Civil

Deputy Secretary to Government, 1880 :
Service, 1853 Civil Officer with the :
British delegate to the International troops in the Sonthal rebellion, 1855 :
Monetary Conference, Brussels, 1892 Private Secretary to Sir James Outram

author of several works on Railway iq.v.) during the mutiny at the relief of :
Engineering and Currency questions. Lucknow and Alambagh Magistrate :
Iron manufacture in India, Masonry and Collector of Cuttack, 1861-6 :

Dams, Engineer Volunteer Corps for District and Sessions Judge, 1873
India, Imperialism for India, Text -book retired, 1879 C.S.I., 1869. :
of Bimetallism, 1886, etc.

MONIER-WILLIAMS, SIR MONIER
MOLLOY, EDWARD (1842-1905) (1819-1899)
Son of Robert Molloy : educated at Son of Colonel Monier-Williams, R.E.,
Radley and Addiscombe : entered the Surveyor-General, Bombay bom at :
Army at 18 served in Assam, in the

:
Bombay, 1819 educated at Chelsea, :
Khasia and Jaintia Hills rebellion, 1862- Brighton, King's College, London Balliol ;
3 ; Bhutan campaign, 1865 N.W. ; College, Oxford went to Haileybury, :
Frontier Hazara campaign, 1868 Afghan ; 1840 but gave up his idea of going to
:
war, 1878-80: in the Kabul-Kandahar India went to University College,

:
march and battle of Kandahar Brevet- : Oxford gained the Boden Sanskrit
:
Major :Achakzai and Marri expeditions : scholarship, 1843 Professor of Sanskrit, •
Lt-Colonel commanded the 2nd Gurkhas,

:
Persian and Hindustani at Haileybury,
Hazara Campaign, 1891 Isazai expedi- :
1844-58 Boden Professor of Sanskrit
:
tion, 1892 C.B., 1900 Unemployed Super-

: :
at Oxford, i860 founded, in 1883, the :
numerary List, 1899: died Feb. i, 1905. Indian Institute at Oxford, as a centre of
Indian learning and interests making : 1897-8 : South Africa, 1899-02, Brevet-
three journeys to India to obtain native Colonel : C.B., 1903.
sympathy and help was Fellow of :
Balliol, 1882-6 Hon. Fellow of Univer-:

MONSON, HON. GEORGE (1730-1776)
sity College, 1892 Curator of the Indian :
Son of John, first Lord Monson born :
Institute D.C.L., 1875

: LL.D., Cal- :
April 18, 1730 : educated at Westminster :
cutta Ph.D. Gottingen K.C.I.E., 1887

: : :
M.P. for
entered the footguards in 1750 :
wrote a Sanskrit grammar, English- Lincoln, 1754-68 went out to Bombay :
Sanskrit and Sanskrit-English dictionaries

1758 Madras, 1759 second in command
; =
Indian Epic Poetry, 1863 Indian Wisdom. ;

at the siege of Pondicherry, 1760 super- :
1875 devoted himself to the practical

;
seded Eyre Coote, but was wounded
study of Sanskrit and later rather than and had to yield his position at Manilla :
the oldest Sanskrit literature some ;

under Colonel Draper in 1762 Brig- :
Hindustani works, Hinduism, 1877 A.D.C. to George III,

;
General, 1763 :
Modern India and the Indians, 1878 ;

appointed, under the Regulating
1769 :
Religious Life and Thought in India,

Act of 1774, Member of the Supreme
1883 ; Buddhism, 1889 Brahmamsm, :
Council in India assumed office Oct. :
1891 co-editor of Memorials of Old

with Francis and Clavering
:
20, 1774 :
Haileybury he supported Missionary

opposed Warren Hastings, who regarded
:
enterprise in India, and aimed at increas-

him as a dangerous opponent resigned :
ing the knowledge of Indian religions in

in Sep. 1776 but died on 25th of that
:
England he died April 11, 1899.

:
month at Hughli.
MONRO, JAMES (1838- ) MONSON, HON. WILLIAM (1760-1807)
: son of : Son John, second Baron Monson
of :
George Monro, S.S.C. Edinburgh edu- : born Dec. 15, 1760 to India with the :
cated at the Edinburgh High School, 52nd regt. in 1780 in the attack on :
Edinburgh and Berlin Universities went : Seringapatam under Cornwallis in 1792 :
out to Lower Bengal, 1858 was Civil : Lt-Colonel, 1797 in the Mahratta war, :
and Sessions Judge, 1874 Inspr-General : 1803, commanded a Brigade under Lake :
of Police, Bengal, 1877 Commissioner : led the storming party at Alighar, Sep.
of a Division, 1881 strongly opposed : 4, 1803 severely wounded
: sent in 1804 :
Lord Ripon's policy of Local Self Govern- as Brig-General, with a detachment,

ment retired, 1883 became Assistant-
: : to remain during the rainy season about
Commissioner, Metropolitan Police, Lon- the Jaipur frontier and watch Jaswant
don, 1884 Commissioner of Police of the
: Rao Holkar, whom he followed along the
Metropolis, 1888-90 C.B., 1888 as : : river Chambal Holkar's force was so
:
Commissioner of Police, London, Monro great that Monson desisted from attacking
stopped the dynamite outrages, and con- him, and retreated from July 8 to Aug.
trolled the great strikes of the dock 30, 1804, before him, Holkar pursuing :
labourers and South London gasworkers Monson lost all his guns and baggage
got justice done to the men of the Metro- before he reached Agra again employed :
politan Police in the matter of their by Lake against Holkar : at battle of

pensions went to India again about
: Deeg, Nov. 14, 1804 led the last of the :
1892: organized and superintended the four assaults on Bhartpur, 1805 retmrned :
Ranaghat Medical Mission till 1905. to England, 1806 M.P. for Lincoln : :
died Dec. 1807.

MONRO, SEYMOUR CHARLES HALL
( ? - ? ) MONTAGU, EDWARD (1765-1799)
Entered the Army, 1877, and became Son of Admiral John Montagu born :
Colonel, 1900 in the Afghan war, 1878-

: 1755 : educated at the R.M.A., Woolwich :
80: was in the Kabul- Kandahar march went out to Bengal, 1770 joined the :
and battle of Kandahar severely wounded: : Bengal Artillery, 1772 was under General :
Egypt, 1882: Tel - el - Kebu: South : Goddard in the Mahratta campaign, 1781 :
Africa, 1884, Brevet - Major Hazara : in Bundelkund and in the Carnatic:
campaign, 1891 Chitral Relief Force, : against Hyder Ali and the French, 1782-3 ;
1891: Brevet-Lt-Colonel N.W.Frontier : with Cornwallis in the invasion of Mysore
1791 : commanded the Artillery at Engineers, 185 1 : joined the Trigonometri-
Nandidrug and Savandrug Lt-Colonel, : cal Survey in 1582 took -a leading part :
1794 commanded the Bengal Artillery

:
in the measurement of the base lines of
at Seringapatam, 1799 shot, and died Chach and Karachi
:
had charge of the :
of his wounds. May 8, 1799. topographical survey of Jammu and

Kashmir, 1855-64, for which he received
MONTE ATH, SIR JAMES (1847- )
the Royal Geographical Society's medal
I.C.S. born Sep. 7, 1847 surveyed 77,000 sq. m. in 9 years in
:
son of :
:
Thomas Monteath charge of the Kumaon and Garhwal survey,

educated at Royal :
Academical Institution and Queen's 1867 he trained intelligent natives to

:
College, Belfast entered the Bombay :

survey and map, and sent them, disguised
Civil Service, 1870 as merchants or otherwise, across the
held a succession of :
appointments in the Secretariat frontier, thus acquiring information of

was :
Private Secretary to the Governor, 1886: great value of the geography and routes
and finally became Chief Secretary to the to Yarkand, from Nipal to Lhasa, of the
Bombay Government: upper valley and source of the Brahma-
C.S.I. , 1897:
Member putra, in Badakshan, Kafiristan, etc.,
of Council, Bombay, 1900
K.C.S.I., 1903. for 4,500 miles of route survey him- :
self working out the results of their

MONTEITH, WILLIAM (1790-1864) observations officiated as Superintendent
:
of the G. T. Survey, 1870-2 F.R.S., 1872

Son of WiUiam Monteith
born June :
: :
British Commissioner at the Paris Geo-

22, 1790 became a Lieutenant in the
:
graphical Congress, 1875 retired as

Madras Engineers, 1809 with Sir J. :
:
Malcolm's Embassy to Persia, 1810

Colonel, 1876 contributed : many papers
on geography, surveys and glaciers, to
saw service, with the Persians, against
the Russians, 18 10-3
scientific Journals : died Jan. 31, 1878.
with the Persians :
in the war against Turkey: and settled

the Persia-Turkey boundary in 1821 in :
MONTGOMERY, SIR HENRY CONYNG-
the Perso-Russian operations, 1826-8: HAM, BARONET (1803-1878)
and at the settlement of the Russo-Persian I.C.S. eldest son of Sir H. C. Mont-
:
boundary, 1829, when he left Persia gomery, Bart. educated at Eton and :
Chief Engineer at Madras, 1832-4, and Haileybury was Assistant

: Private
1836-42 Maj-General, 1842 Lt-General,
: : Secretary to Lord Wellesley when Lord
1854 died April 16, 1864
: F.R.S. and : Lieutenant of Ireland, 1822-4 finally :
F.R.G.S wrote on geography, and an

: left Haileybury, 1824 out to Madras, :
account of the campaign of 1826-8. 1825, in the Civil Service succeeded to :
the Baronetcy, 1830 sent on a special :
MONTGOMERIE, SIR PATRICK commission to the Rajamundry (Godavery)

(1793-1872) district, which led to the irrigation of that
General son of Robert Montgomerie
: :
district from the Godavery Secretary :
educated at the Ayr Academy and Wool- to the Madras Government Revenue in the
wich joined the Madras Artillery, 1810
: :
and Public Works Department, 1845-50 :
served in the Mahratta war, 1817-8 :

Chief Secretary, 1850-5 Member of :
at the battle of Nagpur Dec. 16, 1817, and Council 1855-7, when he retired one :
siege of Chanda : in the Burmese war of of the original members of the new Council
1824-5 commanded the Artillery in
: of India, chosen by the Crown, in Sep.
China, 1840-2 A.D.C. to Queen Victoria : :
1858 :retired, 1876 Privy Councillor :
:
Lt-General in 1859 General in 1868 : :

died June 24, 1878.
Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artil-
lery: C.B., 1847 K.C.B., 1865 died : : MONTGOMERY, SIR ROBERT (1809-
Oct. 5, 1872. 1887)
I.C.S. son of the Rev. Samuel Law
:
MONTGOMERIE, THOMAS GEORGE Montgomery born 1809 educated at

: :
(1830-1878) Wraxall
Foyle College, Londonderry ;
Born April 23, 1830 son of Colonel : Hall and Addiscombe, 1823-5 entered :
W. E. Montgomerie educated at Addis- : the Bengal Civil Service, 1828 served in :
combe went to India in the Bengal

: the N.W.P. Magistrate-Collector
: ot
Allahabad, 1839 : transferred to the wrote, 1794, an account of the operations :
Pan jab Commissioner of Lahore, 1849
: : officiated as Q.M.G garrison storekeeper, :
succeeded Mr. C. G. Mansel {q.v.) as Mem- i.e. Commissary-General, at Bombay,

ber of the Panjab Board of Adminis- 1799-1805 retired in 1805
: compiled :
tration, 1851 Judicial Commissioner,

: the military orders and regulations
1853 disarmed several native regiments at
: Member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,
Lahore and Mian Mir on May 13, 1857, on 1796 : F.R.S., 1806 F.S.A,, 1818 : :
his own responsibility, and sent warning to original member of the Royal Asiatic
Multan, Firozpur and Kangra appointed : Society, which he helped to found mem- :
Chief Commissioner of Oudh, April, 1858 : ber of other learned societies published :
Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab, Feb. his Hindu Pantheon, 1810 : wrote Hindu
1859, to Jan. 1865 : K.C.B., 1859 : G.C.S.I., Infanticide, 1811 ; Oriental Fragments,
1866 : Member of the Council of India, 1834 and on India in a Cyclopaedia
: :
1868, till his death on Dec. 28, 1887 : died Feb. 26, 1848.
the Montgomery Hall at Lahore erected
as a memorial to him.
MOORCROFT, WILLIAM (1765 P-1825)
Born about 1765 : educated at Liver-
MONTRIOU ( ? -1867) pool as a surgeon studied veterinary :
Captain, of the Indian Navy served :

science in France made a fortune by his :
in the first Burmese war in charge of the : veterinary practice in London, but lost
E. I. Co.'s maritime surveys in Bengal it over patents appointed, in 1808, :
commanded the Hastings at Bombay from veterinary surgeon to the Bengal Army
1839 : in charge of the Observatory, and Inspector of military studs in 181 1-2 :
1847-51 senior naval officer at Aden

: : crossed the Himalaya and traced the
distinguished himself in boat attacks on sources of the Satlaj and Indus in 18 19 :
the Arabs commanded other vessels

: went to Lahore, Ladak, residing at Leh, to
at Bombay Master Attendant and
: Kashmir, via Attock and Peshawar to
Captain of the Port, 1855 died of cholera : Kabul, to Bokhara, disposing of his mer-
at Colaba, Bombay, after 32 years' service, chandise : commenced his return journey,
April 29, 1857. Aug. 1825 soon after died at Andkhui, and
:
was buried at Balkh wrote on veterinary :
MOOKERJI, ASUTOSH (1865 subjects and on the countries which he

visited his Travels in the Himalayan
:
Born 1865 educated at the Presidency
:
Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab, etc.,

College, Calcutta: graduated M.A. in
edited by H. H. Wilson, 1841.
Mathematics, 1855 Premchand Roy- :
chand Scholar, 1886 practised on the :

MOORE, SIR HENRY (1829- )
Appellate Side of the Calcutta High
Court, from August, 1888 Fellow of the :
Entered the Bombay Army, 1850, and
Calcutta University, 1889 D.L. in 1894 : :
became Lt-General, 1892 the : was in
elected representative of the Calcutta Persian war 1857 Indian mutiny, 1858 : :
University to the Bengal Legislative Abyssinian war, 1867-8 : Lushai expedi-

Council, 1899 and 1901 of the Calcutta :
tion, 1 87 1 -2 was Persian Interpreter to
:
Corporation, 1903 elected, in 1903,

:
the C. in C. in India, Lord Napier of
representative to the Governor-General's Magdala in the Afghan war, 1878-9
: :
Legislative Council of the non-official Egypt, 1882 CLE., 1878 C.B., 1879 '
: :
members of the Bengal Legislative Council K.C.B., 1897.

Tagore Law-Lecturer on Perpetuities in MOORE, SIR WILLIAM JAMES
British India, 1898 Acting Judge of the :
(1828-1896)
Calcutta High Court, 1904 wrote, in :
Son of Edward Moore

entered the :
1892, a work on Conic Sections F.R.A.S. :

Bombay Medical Service, 1852 served :
andF.R.S.E.
in the Persian war, 1856-7 Residency :
Surgeon at various places in Rajputana

MOOR, EDWARD (1771-1848) from 1862 Deputy-Surgeon-General,
:
Major born 1771

: went out to India : Bombay, 1877 Surgeon-General, 1885: :
in 1782 reached Madras, 1783

: served : retired, 1888 K.C.I.E., 1888 Hony.
: :
with the Mahratta Army against Tippoo, Physician to Queen Victoria died Sep. :
1790-1, at Dharwar, Doridrug, Gadjnur : 9, 1896.

MOORSOM, WILLIAM ROBERT head (q.v.) born 1805

: arrived at :
(1834-1868) Madras, 1825 dealt well and strongly

:
Son of Captain William Scarth Moorsom with a native outbreak connected with
joined the 52nd Light Infantry, 1852 the murder of Macdonald of the Civil
when the mutiny broke out he returned Service at Cuddapah in 1832 was made :
from Ceylon was A.D.C. and D.A.Q.M.G.

:
a Judge of the Sadr Court in 1846, and in
to Havelock at the relief of Lucknow :
1850 was deputed to hold an inquiry in
his skilful plans greatly helped the advance
Ceylon relating to Lord Torrington's
administration while Member of Council,
of the Generals and their forces
:
killed at :
Lucknow on March 24, 1858. Madras, from 1857 to 1862, he acted

twice as Governor, for a month in i860
MORADABAD, RAJA JAI KISHAN on Sir C. E. Trevelyan's recall, and for 6
DAS, BAHADUR OF (1832-1905) months in 1860-61 after Sir H. G. Ward's
He belonged to a family of Chaube death. He was Vice-Chancellor of the
Brahmans his brother, Ghanshiam Das,
:
Madras University. But for ill-health he
had been a tahsildar at Hatras, but retired
might have been a Member of the Governor-
General's Supreme Council in 1862 :
before the mutiny, being blind and para-
retired in Oct. 1862 died at Edinburgh, :
lysed : in spite of his infirmities, he
his native city, Dec. i, 1863.
rendered valuable assistance to Govern-
ment in 1857, but was surprised and slain
by the rebels at Khasganj. He had been MORE-MOLYNEUX, GEORGE HAND
loyally supported by his brothers, Jai (1851-1903)
Kishan Das and Mohan Lai Jai Kishan :
Born May 6, 1851 son of Lt-Colonel :
was made Raja in i860, given a khilat A. More-Molyneux educated at Bedford :

:
and lands assessed on favourable terms :

joined the Army, 1870, and became
he served for several years as a Deputy Colonel, 1894 : passed the Staff College,
Collector Fellow of the Allahabad
:
1884 :in the Afghan war 1878-80, com-
University C.S.I, in 1870
: active sup- :
manded the Jezailchi Corps —now the
porter of the Countess of Dufferin's Fund :
Khyber Rifles : Soudan expedition, 1885,
died 1905. as D.A.Q.M.G. Burma expedition, 1885-9,
:
as D.A.A.G., Brevet-Lt-Colonel Tirah

MOREHEAD, CHARLES (1807-1882)
campaign, 1897-8, as A.Q.M.G. D.S.O. :
:
Son of Rev. Robert Morehead D.D. Military Attache, Russia, 1890-2 com- :
brother of W. A. Morehead {q.v.) born :

manded ist Bengal Infantry, 1892-93 :
in 1807 M.D. of Cambridge

: entered :
A.Q.M.G., 1893-8: Brig-General
India,
the Bombay Medical Service 1829 in :
commanding Bundelkund, 1898-01, and
was on the Sir Robert Grant,
Staff of C.B.,
Rohilkund District since 1901 :
Governor of Bombay, 1835-8 was :

Maj-General.
1900 : died Nov. 21, 1908 :
President of the Medical and Physical

Society, Bombay, 1835-59 Surgeon of :
MORGAN, SIR WALTER (1821- )
the General Hospital, 1838 in 1845 the

Son of W. Morgan educated at King's
:
:
Grant Medical College was erected at his called to the bar at the
College, London :
instance, and he was the first Principal an advocate of the

Middle Temple, 1844 :
and Professor of Medicine he also :

Clerk
Supreme Court, 185 1 Calcutta, :
initiated native medical education in the

to the Legislative Council of India, 1854-9 :
Bombay Presidency, as Secretary to the Master in Equity of the Supreme Court,
Board of Native Education, 1840-5 and :
Puisne Judge, Calcutta
Calcutta, 1859-62 :
was the first physician of the Jamsetji

High Court, 1862-6 Chief Justice of the :
Jijibhai Hospital, till 1859 Hony. Sur- :

knighted
High Court, N.W.P., 1866-71 :
:
geon to Queen Victoria retired in 1862

: :
Chief Justice, Madras, 1871-9.

F.R.S. of Edinburgh CLE., 1881 :
:
author of various medical works relating MORLAND, SIR HENRY (1837-1891)

to India died Aug. 24, 1882.
son of John Mor-
:
Born April 9, 1837 :
MOREHEAD, WILLIAM AMBROSE land educated at Haversham and Broms-

:
(1805-1863) grove, and privately joined the Indian :
Of the I.C.S. son of Rev. R. More-

:
Navy, 1852 served on the coasts of
:
head, D.D. and brother of Dr. C. More-

:
Africa, Arabia, at Perim, Jeddah, off
Kattiawar : transferred to the Indian intendent, 1835 : compiled Telugu diction-
Marine, 1863 :Captain, 1877 Transport : aries, selections and other works : edited
Ofificer at Bombay, 1865-79
despatched the Madras Journal of Literature and
the Abyssinian expedition, 1867 Con- : Science F.R.S.: a freemason : keen :
servator of the Port, and temporarily retired in 1846 embarked in commercial

:
Secretary of the Port Trust concerned : enterprise Chairman of a Bank which

:
with the Commissariat and Transport of was wound up in 1858 he died in Jersey :
the Afghan war, 1878-80 Chairman of : on Aug. 2, 1858.

the Bombay Corporation in 1886-7 took :
to England the Jubilee address, 1887

knighted died at Bombay, July 28,
:
MORRIS, SIR JOHN HENRY (1828- )
1891 an ardent freemason

: from 1874 : I.C.S. born April 9, 1828 son of Henry
: :
Grandmaster of all Scottish freemasonry Morris, M.C.S. educated at Haileybury

: :
in India fellow of the University,

: and entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1848 :
of learned Societies at Bombay. served in the Panjab, 1849-59 N.W.P., :
1861-3 Central Provinces, 1863-8 Chief

: :
MORLEY, WILLIAM HOOK Commissioner of the Central Provinces,

(1815-1860) 1867-83 Officially described in 1883 as
:
Born about 1815 son of George Morley, : "an administrator of the first rank":
of the Inner Temple educated for the : C.S.I., 1877: K.C.S.I., 1883, when he
legal profession called to the bar in : retired.
1840 a notable Oriental scholar, well
:
versed in Arabic and Persian literature :

MORRISON, JOHN (
member Royal Asiatic Society from
of the
1847 Librarian to the Society from 1859
:
Soldier and adventurer in the second
:
wrote on Indian Law half of the i8th century at first in the

on the Muham- :
:
madan Law prevalent fn India, and other E. I. Co.'s service arrived in Bengal, :
important works author of Coins of the :

1768, as a Major in the Company's forces.
Atabak Princes of Syria and Asia Minor: In 1769 the idea came to him of re-estab-
compiler of the Catalogue of Arabic and lishing Shah Alam on his throne about :
Persian MSS. in the Library of the Royal two years after resigned his post under the
Asiatic Society : died May 21, i860.
Company, 1771 about 1772 he entered :
Shah Alam's service, and received from

MORRIS, HENRY (1829-
him the titles of " General and C. in C. of
)
the Great Mogul's forces," and " Ambassa-
I.C.S. born April 22, 1829
: son of :
dor Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary "
John Carnac Morris, M.C.S. {q.v.) edu- :
to George III went to England, em-
:
cated at Rugby and Haileybury, 1846-8 :

powered by the Great Mogul to lay before
in India, 1848-75, in the Madras C.S. :
Government his proposal to invest the
rose to be Judge of Godavery was for :
King of England with the absolute
a year Inspector of Schools wrote a :
sovereignty of the Kingdom of Bengal,
History of India, 1856, and a History of and the provinces of Bihar and Orissa,
England, 1858 History of the Godavery ;
in exchange for a body of British troops
District, 1878 a simplified Telugu gram- ;
to defend his throne at Delhi to press :
mar, 1890 Anglo-Indian Worthies, 1891

;
; home this scheme, Morrison wrote his
Brief Lives of Governors -General of India, Tract on The Advantages of an Alliance
1894 and 1896 Founders of the Bible ;
with the Great Mogul, published in i774-
Society, 1895 Life of Charles Grant, 1904.
;
MORRIS, JOHN CARNAC (1798-1858)

MORSE, NICHOLAS (1700-1772)
I.C.S. son of John Morris, Bombay

: Governor of Fort St. George, Madras,
Civil Service born Oct. 16, 1798 Midship-
: : at the time of its capture by La Bourdon-
man R.N., 1813-5 was at Haileybury, : nais in 1746 was a descendant of Oliver
:
1 8 15-7 to India in the Madras Civil

: Cromwell, through the Protector's daugh-
Service, 1818: had paralysis in 1823: ter Bridget,who married Ireton he be- :
Telugu Translator, 1832 Accountant- : friended Clive on the latter' s arrival at

General, 1839 established the Madras : Madras and allowed him to use his library :
Government Bank, 1834, and was Super- died 1772.
MORTON, SIR GERALD DE COURCY engagements : wounded at Chefoo C.B.

:
(1845- )
A.D.C. to Queen Victoria : Military Secre-
tary to Lord Dalhousie, when Governor-
Born Feb. 7, 1845 Maj-General son : :
Morton educated at Eton and General, Jan. to Oct. 1848 Brig-General :

of T. C. :
Sandhurst entered the Army, 1863

: :
in the Panjab campaign : commanded
a Brigade at Chilianwala and Gujarat,
A.D.C. and Private Secretary to Lieuten-
ant-Governor of the Panjab, 1871-77 :
and the Bengal Division in the pursuit
of the Sikhs Adjutant-General, 1849,
in the Afghan war, 1878-80, as Brigade :
Major in the Kabul Field Force, and in

under Napier and Sir W. Gomm
Sir C. :
died at Fatehghar, Feb. 8, 1854 there '
the Kabul-Kandahar march and battle of

is a tablet to his memory in the church at
Kandahar A.A.G., Oudh and India,
:
Simla.
1883-9 commanded ist Batt. Munster
=
Fusiliers, 1889-91 Brig-General in : MOZUMDAR, PRATAP CHANDRA

Bundelkund, 1891-5 Adjutant-General, : (1840-1905)
India, 1895-8 commanded Lahore
:
Born Oct. 1840 educated at the Hare :
District, 1898-02 commanding Dublin :

School and the Hughli and Hindu and
District since 1902 C.B., 1893 K.C.I. E.,
: :
Presidency Colleges became a Brahmo- :
1899 : C.V.O., 1903. by signing the covenant in 1859 served :
for a time in a bank became Assistant :
MOUAT, FREDERIC JOHN (1816-1897)

Secretary of the Brahmo Samaj, and
Son of Surgeon J ames Mouat born :
editor of the Tatwa Bodhini Patrika, the
1816 educated at University College, Lon-
: Brahmo paper some time in 1869
:
don, Paris, and Edinburgh University: edited the Indian Mirror ; made mis-
M.D., 1839 LL.D., 1886 F.R.C.S., 1844
: : :
sionary journeys throughout India, from
served in India as Local Government 1870 in 1874 went to England
: in :
Inspector and Deputy Inspr-General, 1883 revisited it and extended his journey
Bengal Army Inspr-General of Prisons
: to America in 1899 was present as a
:
in Bengal for many years Professor of : representative of the Indian Brahmo

Chemistry and Materia Medica Chemical : Samaj at the ParHament of Rehgions.
Examiner to Government Professor of : held at Chicago wrote The Faith and
:
Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence: Progress of the Brahmo Samaj, Life and
first Physician of the Medical College, Teachings of Keshah Chandra Sen, The
Calcutta: Secretary of the Council of Oriental Christ, The Spirit of God and
Education, Bengal Fellow, Calcutta : Heart-heats was, after Keshab Chandra's-
:
University: J.P. President Royal : death, the principal leader and exponent
Statistical Society, 1890-2 F.R.G.S. : :
of the Brahmo Samaj until his death,.
Fellow of the Society of Arts wrote a : May 27, 1905-
number of medical works with Hindustani
versions of some papers in scientific :
MUDALIAR, PANDI RUNGANADA
(1847-1893)
Journals, on prisons and questions con-
nected therewith, hospitals, medical Son Subbaraya MudaUar, who held'
of
statistics, the Origin and Progress of the appointments of Manager of the-
Universities in India, 1888 died Jan. 12, ;
Irrigation Department and Head Account-
1897. ant of the Madras Railway, and was a
fair EngHsh scholar was educated at :
MOUNTAIN, ARMINE SIMCOE HENRY home until i860, when he went to Pachai-
(1797-1854) yappa's school. In 1862 he joined the
in
son of the Right Presidency College. In mathematics,
Born Feb. 1797 4,
English, in philosophy and in Tamil he
=
sur-
Rev. Jacob Mountain, Bishop of Quebec:
served in passed all the other pupils. After passmg
joined the 96th regt. in 1815 :
Assistant
his B.A. degree he was appointed
Nova Scotia went to India in 1829
:
and
to Madras Master in the Presidency College,
in the 26th Cameronians :
remained a Teacher or Professor till the

:
Military Secretary to Sir Colin Halkett, appointed

A.D.C. to end of his life. In 1872 he was
C. in C. at Bombay, 1832-4 :
Tamil
Fellow of the University. As
Lord W. Bentinck, when Governor- of
Translator to Government, as Sheriff
General D.A.G. to the Indian forces in Madras.
Madras, and as a member of the
:
the China war, 1840-2 in all the chief :

Municipality he did good and useful work. England to plead the cause of his master
He died Dec. lo, 1893. He was a particu- before the Court of Directors. He resided
larly outspoken man, and never scrupled in England for two years, made many
to point out his countrymen's defects. acquaintances and gathered information
on European affairs went to the Crimea :
MUDALIAR, RAMASAWMY (1852-1892) and visited the camp before Sebastopol.

Sonof a landowner in the Salem dis- In the mutiny, in June, 1857, AzimuUa
trict (Madras) educated at the Madras
:
advised the Nana, then marching on
High School and Pachaiyappa's, afterwards Delhi, to return to Cawnpur he arranged :
at the newly formed Presidency College :

the capitulation of the defenders of Cawn-
B.A. in 1871, M.A. in 1873, and B.L. in pur instigated, and was present at the
:
1875 became a Vakil of the High Court

:
massacre of June 27, at the Ghat fled with :
in 1876, and practised at Salem became :

Nana Sahib to Nipal on the approach of the
a District Munsif, but resigned in 1882, English troops, and was not seen again.
and practised in the High Court editor
of the Law
Journal, which he established
:
:
MUHAMMAD BAHADUR SHAH
( ? -1862)
Examiner for the B.L. and M.L. degrees,
and a Fellow of the Madras University : King of Delhi : Abu Zaffar : son of
visited England as delegate for the redress the Emperor Akbar Shah assumed the :
of th^ people's grievances in 1885 a : title of Bahadur Shah, on succeeding as
prominent member of the National Con- Emperor at Delhi, on Sep. 28, 1837, at
gress and a member of the Public Service the age of about 60 Lord Dalhousie :
Commission in 1886. proposed to remove him from the Palace

at Delhi and received permission of the
MUHAMMAD AKBAR SHAH II. Home Government to do so, but deferred
(1760-1837) action. At the beginning of the mutiny
King of Delhi : son of Shah Alam he was old and helpless surrendered to :
(q.v.) : born April

succeeded 23, 1760 :
Captain Hodson {q.v.) on Sep. 21, 1857,
his father as King, Nov. 19, 1806 re- :
after the capture of Delhi by the English :
ceived an increase to his allowance from was brought to trial, Jan. 29 to March 9,
the British only a titular King without
:
1858, on four main charges, including
power : died Sep. 28, 1837. mutiny, rebellion, abetment of murder,
and sentenced to transportation for life :
MUHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN ( ? - ) was sent to Rangoon, and died there, 1862.
Served in the Indian mutiny appointed
MUHAMMAD HAYAT KHAN, NAWAB
:
to command the Jezailchis, 1881 assisted :
? -1901)
in forming the Khyber Rifles and ap- (
pointed to command them, 1897 Political : Joined the Panjab Commission, 1862 :
Officer in the Tirah expedition, 1897-8 : accompanied Sir Frederick Roberts in the
retired on pension with title of Nawab Afghan war, 1879-80, as Political Officer :
and Sirdar Bahadur after 41 years' service, Member of Council in Kashmir and of :
1898 C.I.E., 1887

: guest of the nation : the Panjab Legislative Council Divi- :
at the Coronation, 1902 A.D.C. to : sional Judge at Multan : retired 2 or 3

H.M. the King, 1902. years before death
his in June, 1901 :
C.S.I. : wrote a History of Afghanistan,

MUHAMMAD AZIMULLA KHAN 1867.
( ? - ? )
He was found with his mother during MUHAMMAD MAHMUD, SYAD

(1850-1903)
the famine of 1837-38, and sustained by
charity educated in the Cawnpur Free
: Born at Delhi, 1850 son of Sir Syad
:
School, receiving a subsistence allowance, Ahmad (q.v.) : educated at Delhi, Queen's

and there, after ten years' study, became College, Benares, and Christ's College,
a teacher two years later he was made a
: Cambridge studied a number of lan-
:
clerk to Brig-General Scott and after- guages. Oriental, European, classical

wards to Brig-General Ashburnham : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1872:
subsequently he attached himself to Nana practised in the High Coiurt, Allahabad :
Sahib iq.v.) and was sent in 1853 to made a District Judge at Rai Bareli in
303
Oudh, 1879 member of the Education
Commission, 1882
:
MUIR, JOHN (1810-1882)

acted as a Puisne :
Judge of the High Court, N.W.P., 1882, I.C.S. son of WilHam Muir
of Glasgow
: •
'84, '86, confirmed May 9, 1887:

'87: born Feb. 5, 1810 educated at Irvine :
retired, Nov. 1893 helped his father at :

Glasgow University, and Hailevbury
':
the M.A.O. College, Alighar went to India in 1829 served

from 1898, :
:
in the
successively, Hon. Secy., President, and N.W.P. Collector : of Azimghar : in
Visitor of the College author of Law 1844 was Principal of the Victoria or
:
of
Evidence in British India, in Hindustani Queen's College at Benares:
: Judge ot
and edited Muhammadan law books in Fatehpur: retired in 1854: was made
Arabic published a History of Education D.C.L. of Oxford in 1855 LL.D. of
: Edin- ;
in India began a History of Islam burgh in 1861 CLE. in 1878 Doctor

: of
; :
gave much attention to philosophy, Philosophy of Bonn: and member

of
theology, .law learned Foreign Societies. He commenced
and education died :
May the study of Sanskrit early in his

8, 1903. Indian
career founded, in 1862, a professorship
:
of Sanskrit and Comparative

Philology
MUHAMMAD REZA KHAN at Edinburgh University. He wrote,
( ? -1785?) both in India and England, a number of
Son-in-law Rabia Begam Sanskrit works, on Indian history, bio-
of : when
Mir J afar was Nawab Nazim of Bengal for graphy and religious subjects, and Original
the second time, he was Governor of Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History
Dacca, but Nuncomar's influence with of the People of India, 5 vols. he specially :
the Nawab led to his dismissal studied the Vedas, and contributed
from the
Governorship of Dacca, and he was articles on India to the Indian Antiquary,
brought as a prisoner to Murshidabad. the Bengal Asiatic Society's and Royal
On the downfall of Nuncomar, Clive Asiatic Society's Journals died March 7, :
appointed Reza Khan to be Deputy to Na- 1882.

wab Najm-ud-daula next he was sent by :
Clive to Azimabad (Patna) as Governor

MUIR, SIR JOHN, BARONET
(1828-1903)
to recover sums due to Government he :
was then made Deputy Nazim by the Merchant born Dec. 8, 1828 :
head :
English when they obtained the Diwani of the firm of Finlay Muir & Co., Bombay,
of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in 1772 he :
Karachi and Calcutta: and of James
was charged by Warren Hastings with Finlay & Co., E.I. merchants practi- :
misappropriation of revenue and brought cally controlled the largest area under
to Calcutta for trial, but was acquitted :
tea of any Company Lord Provost of :
then joined the party of General Clavering, Glasgow, 1890-2 made a Baronet, :
who procured for him the post of Deputy 1892 died Aug. 6, 1903.
:
to Nawab Mubarak-ud-daula, and the

Faujdari of Murshidabad, but, soon after
MUIR, SIR WILLIAM (1819-1905)
•General Clavering's death, he lost power I.C.S. born April 27, 1819
: son of :
and was dismissed in 1780 he was in :

WilHam Muir educated at Kilmarnock, :
power for the third time as " General Edinburgh, and Glasgow Universities,
Faujdar " died about 1785 at Mmrshida-
: and Haileybury entered the Bengal :
bad. N.W.P.
Civil Service, 1837: Secy, to the
Government, 1852 Member of the :
Board of Revenue, N.W.P., 1856 during :
MUIR, CHARLES WEMYSS (1850- )

the mutiny was in charge of the Intelli-
Born 1850 son of Sir W. Muir {q.v.)
: : gence Department, Agra Member of the :
educated and Sandhurst

at Rugby : Governor-General's Legislative Council,
entered the Army, 1869, and the Staff 1864 : Secretary to the Government of
Corps and became Lt-Colonel, 1895 : India, in the Foreign Department, 1865 :
was A.D.C. to the Viceroy for some years : Member of the Supreme Council, 1868 :
served in the Afghan war, 1880 Soudan, : Lieutenant-Governor, N.W.P., 1868-74 •
1885 :Burma war, 1885-7 : Tirah Finance Minister in the Supreme Council,
expedition, 1897-8 C.I.E., 1887 : : C.B., 1874-6 Member of the Council of India,
:
1902. 1876-85 Principal and Vice-Chancellor,

:
Edinburgh University, 1885-02 Author : guished for generations for its Sanskrit
of Life of Mahomet, Annals of the early culture and strict Brahmanical tenets
Caliphate, The Mameluke Dynasty, The educated at the Sanskrit and Hindu
Koran, etc.. The Muhammadan Con- Colleges after :holding some minor
troversy : K.C.S.I., 1867 D.C.L., Ox- : scholastic appointments, became Assist-
ford :LL.D. of Glasgow and Edinburgh : ant Inspector in the higher educational
Ph.D. of Bologna died July 11, 1905.
: service :CLE. in 1877 appointed in :
1882 to the Bengal Legislative Council,

MUIR, SIR WILLIAM MURE and a Member of the Education Com-
(1817-1885) mission had a great reputation as an
:
Educated at the University, Edinburgh, educationist, was proprietor of the

and St. George's Hospital, London Education Gazette, and made a valuable
M.D., Edinburgh, 1840 Assistant Sur- : endowment for the promotion of San-
geon, 1842 Surgeon-General,
: 1873 : skrit learning he retired in July, 1883 :
:
served in the Mediterranean, Turkey, he wrote extensively on a great variety of

Crimea, Mauritius, India, China, N. subjects an orthodox Hindu, he had
:
America in the mutiny, in 1857-8

: : read widely and held liberal views on
P.M.O. in China, and of British troops in many social matters he died May 16, :
Bengal : head of Sanitary Branch of 1894.

A.M.D. Director-General of the A-M.Ei.,
:
1874 : introduced, in the face of opposi- MUKERJI, RAJA DAKHINARANJAN

tion, many beneficial changes in the (1814-1878)
position and duties of Army Surgeons : Born Oct. 1814 : son of Jagamohan
obtained the Warrant of 1879, changing Mukerji grandson of
: Babu Surji Kumar
the old system of attaching medical Tagore, of Calcutta the: educated at
officers to regiments K.C.B. died June
: : Hindu College was a linguist
: prac- :
2, 1885. tised as a Vakil in the Sadr Court joined :
in establishing the Bengal Spectator, an

MUKERJI, ANUKUL CHANDRA Anglo-Indian Periodical was a member :
1829-1871) of the British Indian Association and a

Born 1829 '•
educated at the Hindu zamindar of the Jessore District was :
College Senior Scholar

: : Nazir under Tax Collector of the Calcutta Municipality,
the Magistrate of Howrah : passed the and Diwan of the Nawab Nazim of
Law Examination, 1855, and became Murshidabad received, in 1859, the
:
Pleader of the Sadr Court Fellow of the : forfeited estate of Sankarpur in Rai Bareli,
Calcutta University, and Junior Govern- in Oudh, from Lord Canning, fot mutiny
ment Pleader, 1868 Senior in 1870 : : services the first Secretary of the Oudh
:
and Member of the Bengal Legislative Talukdars' Association helped to estab- :
Council Puisne Judge of the High

: lish the Canning College at Lucknow
Court, Calcutta, 1870 died Aug. 17, : made a Raja, 1871, for his philanthropy
1 871. He is best remembered by the and patriotism established a vernacular
:
Memoir, dated June i, 1873, of his life newspaper and purchased the Luknow
written by Mohindranath Mukerji, and Times as the organ of the Oudh Taluk-
dedicated to the Chief Justice of the day. dars : gave some of the land and laboured
It was a revelation of the capabilities of a zealously for the Bethune Female School
half-educated Bengali author. Its first died July 11, 1878.
few lines will give some idea of the style :
" Let me hold my Penna after a few MUKERJI, HARISH CHANDRA (1824-
months, to write the memoir of the in- 1861)
dividual above named but quid agis ? :
Son of a high-caste Kulin Brahmin in
if any one put me such a query, I will be
poor circumstances, by the youngest of
utterly thrown into a great jeopardy and his seven wives at 14 had to earn his
hvurley-burley, and say a fool of myself— "
!
livelihood by writing
:
petitions, etc. : in
1848 obtained a post in the Military
MUKERJI, BHUDEB (1825-1894)
Auditor-General's olfice by competition,
Son of Pandit Bisva Nath Tarkabhusan :
and gradually became Assistant Military
born March 25, 1825, in a family distin- Auditor a great reader, he acquired a
:
good' knowledge of English, and took to his services member
: of the Famine
literature : in 1855 became sole editor of Commission, 1899 : died at Nagpur, 1901.
the Hindu Patriot
1857 he upheld : in
Lord Canning's " clemency " policy in a MUKERJI, RAJA PIARI MOHAN
series of articles, which attracted the
(1840- )
Viceroy's notice he espoused, in i860, :
the cause of the raiyats against the Son of Joy Kishen Mukerji {q.v.) :
indigo planters, and so incensed the born Sep. 17, 1840 took his degree of
:
latter that they instituted civil and M.A. at the Calcutta University, 1864,
criminal proceedings against him, and
and B.L., 1865 Member of the Bengal
:
after his death sold up his property Legislative and of the

Council,
1879,
he :
was the first native journalist of any note Governor-General's Legislative Council in
in India the British Indian Association
:
1884 and 1886, and took a prominent
part, showing great ability, in the dis-
built a library in his memory died June :
cussions on the Bengal Tenancy Bill. He
14, 1861.
was Honorary Secretary of the British
MUKERJI, JOY KISHEN Indian Association and President subse-
(1808-1888)
quently. He was made C.S.I, and Raja on
Born in 1808 : his father was " banian " Feb. 16, 1877, in recognition of his own,
to H.M-'s 14th regt. : he was educated and his father's, distinguished public ser-
in the regimental school, and, as a clerk,
accompanied the regiment to the siege of
Bhartpur, 1825-6, and shared in the prize- MUKERJI, SAMBHU CHANDRA
money: became (1830) record keeper in (1839-1894)
the Hughli coUectorate acquired large :
Born May 1839 son of Mathur
8, :
landed estates established a College at :

Mohan Mukerji educated at the Oriental
:
his native town, Uttapara, and a Public Seminary and the Hindu Metropolitan
Library helped to found the British
:
College became sub-editor of the Hindu
:
Indian Association. He was convicted Patriot in 1858, and during the ill-health
and sentenced for forgery on March 31, of its editor, Harish Chandra Mukerji, who
1862 the Privy Council on his appeal
:
died, 1861, was virtually the editor, and for
were unable to interfere, but expressed a time was sole editor M.D. of an Ameri- :
such a strong opinion of his innocence can University in 1862 was appointed
:
that he was at once released by order of

editor of the Samachar Hindustani and
Government. At the age of 70 he lost his Assistant Secretary to the Talukdars*
eyesight, ^ but retained his interest in Association at Lucknow in 1864, Diwan :
public affairs and his position as a leading

to the Nawab Nizam at Murshidabad
zamindar in Bengal. He was father of in 1868 became Secretary to Maharaj
Raja Piari Mohan Mukerji, C.S.I, (q.v.). Seoraj Singh of Kashipur in 1869 was at :
He died in July, 1888. Rampur a short time as the Nawab's

Secretary from 1872 he conducted Mu-
:
MUKERJI, RAO BAHADUR KANTI kerji's Magazinenp to 1876 in 1877, was :
CHANDRA (1835-1901)
Minister to the Maharaja of Tippera in :
Educated at the Free Church Institu- 1882 founded the Calcutta journal, Reis
tion, Chinsura : taught in his village in and Rayyet : wrote well and clearly and
the 24 Parganas, and at Jonai, Hughli carried weight in public discussions in :
appointed Principal of the College at 1888 became well known to Lord Duflferin,
Jaipur, Rajputana attended the Maha- : then Viceroy in 1890 was made a Fellow
:
raja's darbar and appointed Member of of the Calcutta University, in recognition

his Council became the foremost man
: of his journalistic died Feb. 7» work :
in Jaipur, and Prime Minister to succes- 1894. the Causes of

In 1857 he wrote On
sive Maharajas received a jagir and : the Mutiny : in i860, Mr. Wilson, Lord
became a noble of the State : organized Canning and the Income Tax : in 1869^
the Jaipur Transport Corps for Imperial The Career of an Indian Princess ; in
Service helped the Maharaja to initiate
: 1872, The Prince in India and to India ;
the Famine. Trust Fund the Jaipur : in 1875, The Empire is Peace and the
State greatly prospered under his manage- Baroda Coup d'Etat ; in 1887 a book of
ment : made Rao Bahadur and CLE. for Travels in Bengal.
3o6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
MULJI, DAMODAR THACKERSI retirement. Mull, who was a thoroughly
(1847-1893) skilled typographer and a Milton en-
A member of the Bhatia caste : born thusiast, pubUshed a revised edition of
at Verawal in Kattiawar.
father His Paradise Lost, correcting, according to his
migrated to Bombay. At the age of 14 view, the punctuation throughout, also
he joined his father in business and, in some few readings of the existing text he :
1864, was placed in sole charge during afterwards essayed the more formidable
his father's absence from Bombay. He task of revising the punctuation, besides
studied English in his leisure hours, and criticizing and readjusting the many
went on an extensive tour through India. doubtful passages, in Macbeth and some
He built a piece-goods market and several other Shakespearian dramas he had a :
cotton mills in Bombay, representing a good knowledge of musical science and the
capital of £400,000 and giving employment construction of organs he died at home :
to 5,000 hands. He agitated effectively in or about 1886.

for the passing of the Merchandise Marks
Act. He was a zealous Member of the
MULLER, FRIEDRICH MAX
(1823-1900)
Municipal Corporation from 1884 to the
time of his death, a steady supporter of Son ofWilhelm Miiller born Dec. 6,
:
1823, at Dessau educated at Leipzig

the Indian National Congress, and played :
a conspicuous part in all public move-

from 1841 Ph.D., 1843 : translated the :
ments. He gave away large sums to Hitopadesa, 1843 studied under Bopp
:
charities. He died in Oct. 1893. and Schelling at Berlin, and under Burnouf
at Paris came to England, 1846 com-
: :
MULJI, KURSENDAS (1832-1875) missioned by the Directors of the E. I. Co.

Born July 25, 1832 member of the :
to edit the Sanskrit classic, the Rigveda,
Bhatia caste of traders educated at the :
with Sayana's commentary : lived at
Elphinstone Institution, but offended Oxford from 1848 Deputy, and, in 1854, :
his aunt, with whom he lived, by writing substantive Taylorian Professor of Euro-
an essay in favour of the re-marriage of pean Languages Curator of the Bodleian,
:
Hindu widows, and was turned out of the 1856 Fellow of All Souls', 1858 wrote
: :
house when 21 years of age became :

History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature,
Headmaster of the Gokuldas Tejpal 1859 :failed to obtain the Sanskrit Pro-
Seminary started a weekly paper called
: fessorship at Oxford, i860 wrote The :
the Satya Prakash wrote against the

: Science of Languages and other works on
high priests of the Vallabhacharya, and languages first Professor of Comparative
:
exposed the immoralities of the Maharajas, Philology from 1868 made researches in :
or priests, of the Bhatias and Banias : comparative mythology and the com-
he was sued, in 1862, for libel, but the parative study of rehgions wrote on the :
verdict was in his favour. At the time Science of Religion : his Hibbert lectures
of the cotton mania, Kursendas joined a on The Origin and Growth of Religion,
commercial firm and visited England to 1878 :edited, from 1875, the series of
do business, but returned in 1874, having " Sacred Books of the East," 51 volumes
been unsuccessful published a volume
: of translations of Oriental religious works :
of his travels. He was appointed Adminis- wrote India, what can it teach us ? 1883 :
trator of a Native State, but only lived brought out Sanskrit works and lectures,
there for a year died in Aug. 1875.
: and helped Sanskrit scholars literary :
adviser to Oxford University on Indian

MULL, MATHIAS ( ? -1886) subjects, 1877-98 wrote Chips from a
:
Printer went out to Bombay about

:
German Workshop and Auld Lang Syne :
1850-5, to take charge as manager of the also on philosophy Privy Councillor, :
Bombay Education Society's (official) and received many honours from Govern-
Press became
: manager (with his relative, ments, Universities and learned bodies ; :
Craig) of the local Standard and Telegraph a leading member in Oriental congresses,
newspaper, and afterwards of the Bombay and President of the International Con-
Gazette subsequently of the Times of
;
gress of Orientalists, 1892 distinguished :
India, as part proprietor with the late also for his great literary and social
Robert Knight, holding this position until qualities his works have been classified
:
1873 : returned home 1879 : after his under several heads of the languages, and
sciences, with which he dealt
etc., he : Alexander Munro, of Glasgow: born
died at Oxford, Oct. 28, 1900 a fund : May 27, 1761 educated at Glasgow
:
was raised to perpetuate his memory at entered the mercantile profession, but
Oxford by providing for the promotion of left it and joined the E. I. Co.'s Madras
Oriental learning and research. Army in 1780 was in the Mysore war
:
of 1780-3 under Sir Hector Munro and

MUNK, SALOMON (1802-1867) Sir Eyre Coote in 1788 in the InteUigence
:
Born Gross-Glogau, in Prussian

at Department in the actions under Lord
:
Silesia, Maya, 1802 of Jewish parentage,

: Cornwallis : after
1792 served in the
the son of a poor servant of the Synagogue : Baramahal under
Capt. Read in the
educated at the Rabbinical School of civil line rejoined the Army in 1799,
:
his town, afterwards at Berlin in : and after Seringapatam was appointed,

spite of great poverty, made his way at with Capt. Malcolm, Joint Secretary to
the latter University went on to study : the Commissioners for the Settlement of
Oriental languages at Bonn under Schlegel, Mysore he next administered Canara on
:
Lassen, etc. being, as a Jew, debarred

: the Malabar coast and suppressed dis-
from lecturing in a Prussian University, order :from 1800 to 1807 he ruled the
he removed to Paris in 1828, where he ceded districts S. of the Tungabhadra,
worked at Sanskrit, etc. attached to : and elaborated the ryotwar system of
the Bibliotheque Imperiale from 1838 : land tenure was in England, 1807-13
: :
in 1840, travelled in Egypt engaged in : was examined by the House of Commons

cataloguing Oriental MSS. for the Library regarding the renewal of the Company's
until attacked by blindness in 1847 : charter, and on important questions con-
bore the bravely, even continuing
afifiiction nected with the civil and military adminis-
to write, and accepting the appointment tration in India Colonel in 1813 : em- :
of Professor of Hebrew at the College de ployed on a Commission for improving

France died in Paris, Feb. 6, 1867.
: the judicial and police Departments. He
Though chiefly known as a Hebrew and returned to military service as Brig-
Arabic scholar, he also wrote on Indian General in the war of 18 16-8 against the
subjects, as " Fragments de litterature
: Pindaris and Mahrattas made K.C.B. : :
Sanskrite," in the Temps, 1836 Mahab- : he was appointed Governor of Madras in

harata, 1838 a member of the Academic
: June, 1820, and assisted in the first
des Inscriptions. Burmese war of 1824 made a Baronet =
his government of Madras was very suc-

MUNRO, SIR HECTOR (1726-1805) cessful, based as it was on his thorough
Born 1726 son of Hugh Munro

: was :
knowledge of the country and lan-
Ensign in the 48th regt. in 1749 com- ' guages, his ability and principles, power
manded the 89th regt. out to Bombay in of work and firmness. His death was
1 76 1
: suppressed a mutiny of sepoys universally deplored died of cholera :
at Patna in 1764 won the decisive :

while on tour at Puttaconda in the ceded
battle of Baxar, Oct. 23, 1764* defeating districts, on July 6, 1827. His eques-
the Nawab Wazir of Oudh, Shuja-ud- trian statue by Chantrey was erected at
daula, and Mir Kasim Lt-Colonel, 1765 : :
Madras.
M.P. for the Inverness burghs, 1768-
180X : commanded the Madras Army, MUNRO, WILLIAM (1818-1880)
1778: took Pondicherry from the French,
1778 : K.B., 1779 engaged in the field
:
Son of William Munro bom 1818 : :
against Hyder Ali, 1 780-1 commanded :

entered the 39th foot, 1834 with his :
a Division in Sir Eyre Coote's victory at regt. in India for many years at Maharaj- :
Porto Novo, July i, 1781 captured :

pur, Dec. 29, 1843, severely wounded
Negapatam, Nov. 1781 returned to :
in the Crimea, Canada, Bermuda General, :
England Maj-General, 1782

: General, :
1878: died Jan. 29, 1880: a learned
1798 died at Novar, Dec. 27, 1805.
:
botanist, was an authority on grasses :
wrote papers in Journals of learned

MUNRO, SIR THOMAS, BARONET Societies, on bamboos, antidotes to
(1761-1827) snake-bites, timber trees of Bengal,
Maj-General and Governor : son of grasses, etc.
MUNSTER, GEORGE AUGUSTUS 1904 the gold, Kaisar-i-Hind medal. He
FREDERICK FITZCLARENCE, also visited China, helping to found the
FIRST EARL OF (1794-1842) Christian Literature Society there. He
died at Madras, Aug. 10, 1904, universally
Eldest son of the Duke of Clarence,
esteemed.
afterwards William IV, by Mrs. Jordan :
bom educated at Sunbury and

in 1794 :
MURPHY, ROBERT XAVIER
Marlow entered the Army in 1807
:
(1803-1857)
was in the Peninsula, 1808-14 went =
to India in 1815 in the 24th Light Dra- Sir G. Birdwood, in a letter to the Times,
goons was A.D.C. to Lord Hastings

:
states, of Murphy, that he went out to
when Governor-General, in the Mahratta Bombay as a master under the Bombay
war of 1816-7 was sent home over-
:
Native Education Society: a classical
land, from Bombay, up the Red Sea, and scholar and quick at acquiring Oriental
through Egypt, with the duplicate des- languages edited the Bombay Gazette,
:
patches, announcing peace 1834 acted, 1839, as Secretary to the

:
was at the :
defeat of the Pindaris at Jabalpur left :

Bombay Chamber of Commerce, and as
Bombay on Feb. 7, and reached England Editor of the Bombay Times before Dr. G.
via Egypt on June 16, 1818
Buist {q.v.) Oriental: Translator to
wrote a :
Government, 1852 wrote largely on

narrative of his journey, 1819 made a :
:
Peer in 1830 Lieutenant of the Tower Oriental subjects, philological, literary,

:
and Maj-General, 1841 antiquarian, sociological, ethnographical,

he steadily sup-
:
ported Oriental studies was, in 1841,

:
and the folk-lore of Bombay had a map ;
President of the Royal Asiatic Society, of Bombay, town and prepared island, :
and of the Society for the Publication of

wrote in the Journal of the Geographical
Society, Bombay, and in the Dublin
Oriental texts, and Vice-President of the
Oriental Translation Fund and con- :
University Magazine was the first to :
templated a History of the Art of War invent and apply the expression " Towers
of Silence " to the places where the Parsis
among Eastern Nations, for which he col-
lected a large mass of materials expose their dead his health failed, and
:
he died :
March 20, 1842. he was sent home, 1855 died at Kings- :
town, Dublin, Feb. 26, 1857.

MURDOCH, JOHN (1819-1904)
Educationist and philanthropist born :
MURPHY, WILLIAM REED (1849- )
in 1819 educated at the High School,

: Born Oct. 23, 1849 educated at Kil- :
Glasgow, and on the Continent went to :

dare and Trinity College, Dublin entered :
Ceylon in 1844 as Principal of the Govern- the Indian Medical Service, 1872 :
ment Normal School, Kandy, resigning was with the Indian contingent at Malta,
it in 1849 established the Singhalese
: and Cyprus, 1878 in the Afghan war, :
Tract Society and became a " Literary 1878-80 Hazara campaign, 1888 Lushai
: :
Evangelist." After visiting Scotland in expedition, 1888-9 Chin-Lushai Field •
1852 to obtain funds, he went to Madras Force, 1889-90, as P.M.O. D.S.O. : :
as an agent of the United Presbyterian Chitral relief force, 1895 Kuram-Kohat :
Church of Scotland joined the Christian

: Force, 1897, as P.M.O. Tirah Field :
Vernacular Education Society, now the Force, 1897-8 Lt-Colonel. :
Christian Literature Society of India, on

its formation in 1858, and for 46 years MURRAY, SIR JOHN IRVINE
toiled for the good of the natives, travelling ( ? -1902)
annually from Ceylon to Peshawar, General : entered the Army, 1842 : in
reporting on their literary and educa- the Panjab campaign, 1848-9 in the :
tional needs, organizing supplies of ver- mutiny raised " Murray's J at Horse,"
nacular and English literature for them, known as the 14th Bengal Lancers
himself writing largely on moral and served with it in numerous actions kept :
religious subjects. The Government fre- the Alighar and Etah districts quiet
quently consulted him regarding vernacular held the Rohilkund rebels in check in :
literature. He was LL.D. of Glasgow, the second Oudh campaign, and the
1878 a Fellow of the Madras University
: : operations on the Nipal frontier in the :
in 1896 he received the silver, and in Bhutan campaign, 1864-6 C.B. com- : :
manded the Lahore Division : K.C.B., lost thehonours and emoluments previously
1895 : died May 20, 1902. attached to the Murshidabad Nizamat
his salute of nineteen guns and his exemp-
MURRAY, ROBERT HUNTER tion from appearance in civil courts were
(1847- ) taken away and his pension was greatly
Born Aug. 12, 1847 son of John : reduced in Feb. 1869 he went to England
:
Murray educated at Edinburgh Univer-

: to represent his grievances to the House
sity entered the Army, 1867, and became
: of Commons, who rejected his appeal by
Colonel, 1892 in the Afghan war, 1878-
: a majority of 57 on July 4, 1871 while :
80 :in the march from Kabul to Kanda- he resided for some years in England, his
har, and battle of Kandahar severely : affairs became greatly involved a Com- :
wounded Egypt, 1882, as Brig-Major of

: mission was appointed to arrange with
Indian Contingent : Brevet-Lt-Colonel : his creditors on Nov. i, 1880, he abdicated
:
Soudan campaign, 1885, and again 1898, his position as Nawab Nazim of Bengal,
severely wounded at Atbara commanded : Bihar and Orissa, by executing an inden-
Infantry Brigade, Aldershot, 1900-2 :
ture with Her Majesty's Secretary of
commanding troops at Alexandria since State for India his eldest son, Hassan
:
1902 : C.B., 1896. Ali Mirza [q.v.), the present Nawab

Bahadur of Murshidabad, inherited all his
MURSHIDABAD, SIR SYAD HASSAN property after: staying in England
ALI KHAN, NAWAB BAHADUR, twelve years, the ex-Nawab Nazim,
OF (1846- )
Mansur Ali, retiirned to India in 1881, and
died of cholera, Nov. 4, 1884.
Eldest son of the last titular Nawab
Nazim,Nawab Syad MansiurAli Khan Bah- MURTAZA HUSAIN BILGRAMI
adur (q.v.) born Aug. 25, 1846, and suc-
:
(1720-1795-?)
ceeded to the masnad on March 27, 1883 :
he traces his descent from the Prophet and

Known as Shekh Allahyar Usmani, or
Sani employed, about 1729 to i773. under
:
also from Ali, the Prophet's son-in-law.
various nobles of India, and shared in
Educated under private tutors in 1865 :
their engagements introduced, about

:
he was sent to England for some years for
1776, to Captain Jonathan Scott {q.v.),
education. His father having resigned
Persian Secretary to Warren Hastings
his position and titles on Nov. i, 1880,
appointed one of his munshis wrote the :
the hereditary title of Nawab Bahadur

Hadikat-ul-Akalim, an admurable work,
was conferred on Syad Hassan Ali Khan on
geographical and historical, exceedingly
Feb. 17, 1882 made K.C.I.E. and
valuable for events of the writer's own
:
Amir-ul-Umra in 1887 and G.C.I.E. in described by

period died about 1795
: :
1890. By a legal document, he confirmed Sir H. M. ElUot (q.v.) as "the accurate

his father's act of resignation, and in return
Murtaza Husain."
received a fixed hereditary position with
a settled income, landed estates, the rank MYLNE, RIGHT REV. LOUIS GEORGE,
and dignity of Premier Noble in Bengal D.D. (1843- )
and the hereditary title of Amir-ul-Umra. Born April 20, 1843 : son of Major
He has always been most loyal to Govern- Charles David Mylne, E. I. Co.'s Service :
ment, liberal, hospitable, and widely educated at Merchiston Castle School,

charitable. Some years ago he was Edinburgh, St. Andrew's University and
crippled by ill-health, and, in the earth- Corpus Christi College, Oxford Assis- :
quake of June 12, 1897, nearly lost his tant Curate of North Moreton, Berks,
life. 1867-70: Tutor of Keble College, Oxford,
1870-6: D.D., Oxford, 1876: Bishop of
MURSHIDABAD, MANSUR ALI Bombay, 1876-97 Canon of Woodford :
FARIDUN JAH, NAWAB NAZIM and Wilsford in Salisbury Cathedral,

OF (1829-1884) 1900-5: Rural Dean of Marlborough,
The last Nawab Nazim of Bengal : born 1897-05 Rector of Alvechurch, Worces-
:
Oct. 1829 succeeded his father, Humayun

: tershire, 1905 anthoT oi Sermons Preached
:
J ah, Dec. 19, 1888 educated in English : in Bombay, various Charges and Sermons
by General Showers and in the Oriental articles in Church Quarterly Review, etc.,
languages by Moulvi Abul Kasim : he etc.
MYSORE, MAHARAJA SIR CHAMA NABHA, RAJA SIR^HIRA SINGH,
RAJENDRA WODYAR, OF (1863- MALWINDAR BAHADUR OF
1894) (1843- )
Born branch of the ruling family of

in a Succeeded his father, 1871 : served in
Mysore his
: adoption by Maharaja Afghan war, 1878-80 : Hon. Colonel in
Kristna Raj Wodyar (deposed 1831) in British Army : G.C.I.E., 1903 : G.C.S.I.
June, 1865, was eventually recognized by
Government and, on Kristna Raj's
:
NAIRNE, SIR CHARLES EDWARD
death on March 27, 1868, Chama Rajendra (1836-1899)
succeeded, was installed Sep. 23, 1868, Born June 1836 son of Capt.
30, :
and was invested with power at the age of Alexander Nairne educated at Addis-
:
18 : he was carefully educated under a combe entered the Bengal Artillery,

:
British officer as guardian and became 1855 was in the Indian mutiny in the
: :
an enlightened ruler, during whose reign Yusafzai expedition, 1863 commanded :
the resources of the State were greatly a battery in the Afghan war in the :
developed G.C.S.I. died of diphtheria

: :
Peshawar Field Force, 1879-80 in Egypt :
during his visit to Calcutta, Dec. 27, in 1882, commanded the Horse Artillery
1894. at Kassassin and Tel-el-Kebir C.B., :
1882 Commandant at Shoeburyness,

:
MYSORE, KRISTNA RAJ WADIAR, 1884 Inspr-General of Ordnance in India,

:
MAHARAJA OF (1896-1868) 1887-92, and effected a remarkable im-

provement in Artillery shooting Maj- :
A descendant of the old Hindu reigning General, 1890 C. in C., Bombay, 1893
: :
family of Mysore, who was restored to the Lt-General, 1895 K.C.B., 1899
: acted :
throne when a child, after the death of as C. in C. in India, March to Nov. 1898 :
Tippoo at the fall of Seringapatam, May 4, died Feb. 19, 1899.

1799 in 181 1 he dismissed his Diwan,
:
the famous Purnia {q.v.), and assumed

NANA, FARNAVIS (1741-1800)
charge of the Government, which con-
tinually grew worse, until the people The famous Mahratta Brahman minister:
rebelled in 1830 and the British Govern- his real name was Balaji Janadhan he :
ment interposed and took over the admin- was present at, and fled from, the battle
istration on Oct. 3, 1831. The Maharaja's of Panipat, 1761. When Madho Rao I
applications to be reinstated were never became Peshwa in 1761, his uncle, the
accepted after adopting an heir, he
:
Regent, Raghunath Rao, gave Nana
died in 1868* Farnavis the office of Fardnavisi (record-
writing). He became the intimate friend
of his sovereign, Madho Rao, who died in
NABA KISHEN, MAHARAJA 1772, and was succeeded by his brother,
BAHADUR Narayan Rao. Nana Farnavis became
(1732P-1797) head of the Civil Department, and chief
Son Ram Charan born
of a Kayasth, : director of all Poona political movements
about 1732 in the village of Gobindpur : until Madho Rao II died. Narayan
while he was still young his father died : Rao was murdered in 1773 by his uncle
at 18 he was Persian munshi to Warren Raghunath, who usurped the Peshwaship,
Hastings he early entered the service of
: until Narayan's widow, Gunga Bai, had
Lucki Kanta {alias Naku Dhur), banian of a child named Madho Rao Narayan. A
Lord Clive subsequently became a munshi
: Regency, consisting of Nana Farnavis^
to Clive in 1765 Clive procured from
: Sakaram Bapu, and the widow, ruled the
Shah Alam the title of Raja Bahadur for State until Nana Farnavis became virtu-
him, besides appointing him Political ally ruler of Poona.
supreme In March,
Company in 1766 he was
Diwan to the : 1776, the treaty of Purandhar was con-
made Maharaja Bahadur and began to cluded between the Mahrattas and the
preside over Caste Tribunals : his appoint- English this: treaty Nana Farnavis
ments were continued under Warren obstructed, and he was believed to have
Hastings, who, in 1780, appointed him made a secret engagement with the
manager of the Burdwan zamindari : French. He and Sakaram quarrelled
died Nov. 22, 1797. the latter, striving for the restoration of
Raghunath, sought help from the Bombay action again later, and continued to
Government Nana Farnavis, being the
:
instigate hostiUties : until Sir Cohn
paramour of Gunga Bai, supported Madho Campbell drove him into Nipal at the
Rao the Peshwa further hostiUties oc-
: end of 1858. Government offered a
curred,|the English supporting Raghunath reward of a lakh of rupees for his capture,
the Convention of Wargaum, made in but he escaped, probably in the Nipal
1779, was disavowed eventually peace
:
jungles, and was never caught. He is
was restored by the treaty of Salbai of supposed to have died about 1859.
May 17, 1782, which Nana Farnavis
ratified.Raghunath's cause failed, and he NAOROJI, DADABHAI (1825- )
soon died. Sakaram was made over to Born Sep. 4, son of a Parsi
1825 '
Nana Farnavis by Sindia, confined in a priest : educated at Elphinstone School

fort, and died there. Madho Rao's title and College, Bombay Professor there :
as Peshwa and Nana Furnavis' Regency of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,

were recognized. The latter was then 1854 took part in the public movements
:
the real head of affairs at Poona. Lord of the time, and in the associations for the
Cornwallis received from him a contingent amelioration of the natives established :
of Mahrattas against Tippoo in 1791. the Rast Goftar newspaper came to :
Antagonism arose between Nana Farnavis England as partner in the Parsi firm of
and'^Madhava Rao Sindia iq.v), each having Cama & Co. in London, 1855 Professor :
claims against the other. Sindia died in University College, London

of Gujarati, :
1794, leaving Nana Farnavis without a worked for the East India Association :
rival among the Mahrattas. They made advocated admission of Indians to

great demands on the Nizam and defeated the Civil Service, 1870 Prime Minister, :
his army at Kurdla in March, 1795. Baroda, 1874; Member of the Bombay-
Nana Farnavis was then at the height of Corporation and Town Council, 1875-6 :
his prosperity as minister, when the and of the Legislative Council, Bombay,
Peshwa, Madho Rao, committed suicide. 1885 M.P. for Central Finsbury, 1892-5
:
•
Raghunath's son, Baji Rao, became President, Indian National Congress, 1886
Peshwa. Nana fled, was seized at Poona and 1893 Member of Royal Commission
:
and imprisoned became reconciled to

: on Indian Expenditure, 1895 author of :
Baji Rao they evaded alliance with the

: numerous papers and books on Indian
British Government Nana Farnavis
: grievances, including Poverty and un-
died on March 13, 1800. British Rule in India, 1901 England's ;
Duties to India, Financial Administration

NANA SAHIB (1820 ?-1859 ?)
of India, etc., etc.: J. P.
The chief rebel leader in the mutiny,
whose barbarous cruelty and treachery NAOROJI, REV. DHANJIBHAI
have never been forgotten his real name
:
(1822- )
was Dundupant, of Bithur, near Cawnpur :

A Parsiborn near Broach in Gujarat,
:
the adopted son of Baji Rao iq.v.), the 1822 educated at the Rev. Dr. J. WU-
:
ex- Peshwa, who

died in Dec. 1852. His son's school, 1835 converted May, i. :
claim to the continuation of Baji Rao's 1839 : was the subject of a writ of Habeas
annual pension of 8 lakhs was fully con- Corpus issued to Dr. WHson : accompan-
sidered and rejected, but he maintained ied him to England in 1843, travelling
friendly relations with, and showed on the way in Egypt, Syria and the Con-
hospitahty to, the English residents at tinent : after 3 years' theological study at
Cawnpur. He was allowed a retinue of all Edinburgh, was ordained in 1846 by the
arms. He aimed at restoring the Mahratta Free Presbytery of Edinburgh returned :
Empire and proclaimed himself Peshwa. to India, 1847 Missionary at Surat for
:
In the mutiny he attacked Sir Hugh 9 years, at Bombay from 1856, at Poona,
Wheeler's entrenchments at Cawnpur, 1873-7, labouring in the native churches,
and, on the latter's surrender, treacher- schools and the Press till after 1899.
ously ordered the massarce of Europeans,
men, women and children, on the Ganges, NAPIER, SIR CHARLES JAMES
(1782-1853)
on June 27> and again on July 15- He
Born Aug. 10, 1782 son of Col. the
was defeated at Bithur by Havelock on :
Hon. George Napier entered the 33rd

July 16, 1857, when he fled. He was in
:
regt., 1794 educated at Celbridge
: attracted as high praise as'his military
A.D.C. to Sir James Duff, 1799 and to : achievements he had heroic qualities,
:
General H. E. Fox, 1803, both in Ireland : and was both loved and detested.
commanded the 50th under Moore in
Spain, 1808 taken prisoner at Corunna
:
NAPIER OF MERCHISTOUN,FRANCIS,
in the Peninsula engaged against the :
NINTH BARON, FIRST BARON
United States, 1813 against Napoleon. :
ETTRICK OF ETTRICK (1819-
1815 C.B. studied at the Military College
: :
1898)
Farnham, 18 15-7 resident of Cephalonia, :
Governor born 1819 : son of eighth :
1822-30 friend of Byron declined to be

: :
Baron succeeded as Peer in 1834
:
Commander of the Greeks Maj -General, : educated privately, at Saxe Meiningen,

1837 : K.C.B., 1838 commanded the :
and Trinity College, Cambridge entered :
N. district, 1839 kept Chartism under : :

the diplomatic service, 1840 : served
to India in 1841 advised Ellenborough :
as Attache and several Secretary at
on the military policy, 1842 took com- :
places : Ambassador at
St. Petersburg,
mand in Sind in 1842 offered the Amirs : 1860-4; Berlin, 1864-6: Governor of
a fresh treaty occupied their fortress:
Madras, March, 1866, to Feb. 1872 :
of Imamghar in Dec. 1842 fought and :

specially concerned himself with questions
won the battle of Miani on Feb. 17, 1843, affecting the public health, and public
with 2,200 men against 22,000 and beat :
works, including irrigation, and such
Shir Muhammad, the Lion of Mirpur, at schemes as the Periyar project on Lord :
Dubba, near Hyderabad, March 24, 1843, Mayo's assassination, he, as the Senior
finally at Shahdulpur, on June 14, routing Governor in India, officiated as Viceroy
him to the hills controversy arose be- :
and Governor-General from Feb. 23 to May
tween Napier and (Sir James) Outram 3, 1872 created Baron Ettrick, 1872
: :
iq.v.) about the necessity for the conquest worked for some years, presiding and
of Sind and the question of the treatment speaking at meetings and congresses, and
of the Amirs Napier organized the new
: on the London School Board presided :
government of the province, and received over the Royal Commission on the Scottish
the submission of the Chiefs in 1844 : Crofters, 1883 LL.D. of Edinburgh,
:
G.C.B., 1843 defeated the hill tribes on

: Glasgow, Harvard died Dec. 19, 1898. :
the N. frontier of Sind, 1844-5 assembled :
an Army at Rohri, 1846, but was not NAPIER OF MAGDALA AND CARYNG-
engaged in the Satlaj campaign of 1845-6: TON, ROBERT CORNELIS, FIRST
Lt-General, 1846 resigned the govern- :
BARON (1810-1890)
ment of Sind, 1847 named by Welling- : Field Marshal: son of Major Charles
ton^for the military command in India Frederick Napier, R.A. born in Ceylon, :
after Chilianwala the Court of Directors : Dec. 6, 1810 educated at Addiscombe

: :
objected, but yielded to the public demand joined the Bengal Engineers at Calcutta,
for Napier he arrived in India after the
: 1828 :employed on the E. Jumna Canal
conclusion of the Pan jab campaign, irrigation works, 1831 in Europe studied :
1849 C. in C. in India, May 7, 1849, to

: engineering and railway works 1836-9 :
Dec. 6, 1850 suppressed a mutiny in a

: laid out the settlement of Darjeeling and
native regiment he suspended, on his : made the road thither, 1839-42 laid out :
own responsibility, a Government Regu- the cantonment at Umbala, 1842 in the :
lation on the subject of compensation Satlaj campaign of 1845-6 at Mudki :
allowance to the Native Army the Gover- : and Firozshahr severely wounded : :
nor-General, Lord Dalhousie, expressing at Sobraon Major : took the hill fort :
his disapprobation, Napier resigned and of Kangra, 1846 Engineer to the Resident
:
went home died Aug. 29, 1853 on his

: : at Lahore directed the siege of Multan
:
statue in St. Paul's Cathedral are the in the Panjab campaign, 1848 at its :
words " A prescient general, a beneficent capture at Surajkund, Cheniote, the

:
governor, a just man " another statue is : pursuit of the Sikhs and Afghans Brevet :
in Trafalgar Square, London wrote on the : Lt-Colonel Civil Engineer to the Panjab
:
Defects, Civil and Military, of the Indian Board of Administration, 1849 executed :
Government, and various papers on military great public works, roads, canals, and
subjects, the colonies and miscellaneous buildings, bridges, frontier defences :
literature his despatches and civil work

: served in frontier expeditions, 1852-3
Chief Engineer to the Chief Commissioner CLE. Private Secretary to H.E. the Vice-
:
of the Panjab till 1856 Lt-Colonel, : roy, 1904-5 author of Official History
:
1856 in 1857 was Chief of the Staff to

:
of Plague in India, and of Progress of
Outram (q.v.), at the relief of Lucknow, Education in India, 1897-8 and 1901-2.
Sep. 25, and the actions before and after :
severely wounded at the second relief NATHUBHOY, SIR MANGALDAS

by Sir Colin Campbell Brig-General at : (1832-1890)
the capture of Lucknow in March, 1858 :
Born
in Oct. 1832 a member of the :
C.B. : second in command to Sir Hugh Gujarati section of the Kapol Banian caste :
Rose at Gwalior defeated Tantia Topi :
son of Seth Nathubhoy Ramdas his :
at Jaora Alipur routed Firozshah in :

grandfather amassed a fortune, which he
Dec. 1858 destroyed the Parone forts,
:
inherited at the age of 11. He devoted
and suppressed the mutiny in Central himself to social reforms, more especially
India K.C.B. commanded a Division
: :
the suppression of the orgies at the Holi
in China, i860 Maj -General, 1861 : :
festival, and the immoral practices of the
Military Member of the Supreme Council,
Vallabhacharya Maharajas also took :
Feb. 1861, to March, 1865 acted as :

a great interest in the education of girls
Viceroy and Governor-General, Nov. 21- and boys, and assisted in founding the
Dec. 2, 1863 C. in C. at Bombay, 1865-9,
:
Hindu Boys' School in Bombay endowed :
during which time he commanded the a travelling scholarship for Hindu gradu-
Abyssinian expedition, 1867-8 made a :
ates :founded a Dispensary at the cost
Peer G.C.B G.C.S.I., 1868: D.C.L. :
:
of Rs. 70,000 and established a charit-:
of Oxford F.R.S., 1869 C. in C.

: :
able fund for his own caste. In 1859 he
in India, April 1870 -April 1876: was appointed a Commissioner of the
Governor of Gibraltar, 1876-83 Field :
Income Tax. In politics, he revived the
Marshal, 1883 Constable of the Tower,
:
Bombay Association, and was, for some
1886: he died Jan. 14, 1890: buried at periods, a non-official member of the
St. Paul's Cathedral statues of him are :
Legislative Council was a member of :
in Calcutta and London besides his :

the Royal Asiatic and Geographical
distinction as an engineer and a soldier, Societies C.S.I, in 1872: knighted in :
he was highly cultured, with a knowledge 1875 bequeathed, by will, a large sum
:
of art and poetry and was remarkable :

of money to charitable uses died March :
for his attractive personal qualities. 1890.

9,
NARAIN, PANDIT SARUP ( ? -1903) NATION, SIR JOHN LOUIS (1825- )
Son Stephen Nation, CB,

of Colonel :
Political entered service in 1850 as

:
educated privately entered the Bengal :
Superintendent of one of the first educa-

Army, 1841 became Colonel, 1872 :
tional institutions in Central India was, :
General, 1982 in the Indian mutiny,

later, head of the Gwalior of&ce Diwan :
:
of the Bundelkund promoted to office :

1857-8 commanded Naga Hills expe-
:
dition and Eastern Frontier Brigade,

the graded list of the Political Department
1879-82 C.B., 1881 : K.C.B., 1900. :
and CLE., in 1880 was in 1883 an :
Assistant to the Agent to the Governor- NATORE, RANI BHAWANI OF

General at Indore, and Political Agent in (1716 ?-1795)
Bhopawar retired in 1884, and received
:
a special pension : died in 1903. Born about 1716 married about 1727 :
to Maharaja Ram Kant Rai of Natore :
in 1748 became a widow and succeeded

NATHAN, ROBERT ( ? - )
to the Natore estate adopted Maharaja :
I.C.S. : educated at St. Peter's College, Ram Krishna as son and managed the
Cambridge called to the bar
: went to : extensive property during his minority :
Bengal in the Civil Service, 1888 served : in Benares alone she built 380 temples,
as Under Secretary to the Government besides religious edifices in other parts of
of India in the Financial Department, the country she annually paid 70 lakhs
:
1895 U. Secy, in the Home Department,

: of sicca rupees to Government, as revenue,
1897 Deputy Secretary, 1904 Secretary
: : her gross income being about one crore
to India Universities Commission, 1902 : and a half of rupees in her old age she :
lived principally at Barnagore in Mur- General, 1883 : K.C.B. , 1891 : died Sep.
shidabad : died her there in 1795 : 28, 1893.
extensive zamindari was spread over
several districts she was devoted to
NELSON, HORATIO, VISCOUNT AND
:
piety, and her name is still a household

DUKE OF BRONTE (1758-1805)
word in Bengal. Admiral : born Sep. 29, 1758 : Mid-
shipman in his 1 2th year : after sailing
NEILL, JAMES GEORGE SMITH to the W. Indies and on an expedition to
(1810-1857) the N. Pole, he went to the E. Indies in
Son of Colonel Neill born May 27, : 1773 in the Seahorse frigate, under
18 10 : educated at Ayr, and Glasgow Captain George Farmer. He was there
University joined the E. I. Co.'s Madras
: for 2 years, visiting " every port in India
first European regt. in 1827 D.A.A.G. in : from Bengal to Bussora," when his
1841 :wrote the Historical Record of his health broke down, and the Commodore,
regt, :in the Burmese war in 1852 in : Sir Edward Hughes, ordered him to
the Crimean war, appointed second in England in the Dolphin. There is evidence
command of the Turkish contingent, that he was transferred from the Seahorse
which he organized and reformed in the : to the Dolphin at Bombay on March 15,
mutiny of 1857, sent off with his regt. to 1776. His service on the E. I. station
Upper India at the mutiny at Benares,
: was uneventful, but he appears to have j
June 4, defeated the rebels Brig-General felt the effects of the climate, probably
:
|
reinforced Allahabad and the fort A.D.C. : from that of the Persian Gulf, about "
to Queen Victoria superseded by Havelock : Bussora and Muscat. It is not recorded

in the advance to Cawnpur, but appointed that he was in India again. After the
his second in command : when command- battle of the Nile he wrote Aug. 9, 179^,
ing at Cawnpur, he punished, with great to the Governor of Bombay, to tell him
severity the mutineers caught had to : of the destruction of the French Fleet, and
keep open communications with Havelock the consequent preservation of India
on the latter' s advance to Lucknow : from any attempt against it by the French.
Neill showed for a time a want of loyal The extraordinary expenses which would
subordination to Havelock went with : have been incurred for the defence of
him as Brig-General to the relief of Luck- —
Bombay which Nelson knew would have
now in Sep. 1857 was shot dead in the : been their first object were thus pre- —
street fighting on the day of the attack, vented. His autograph letter of July 3,
Sep. 25 :on his monument at Ayr, the 1799, is extant, thanking the E. I. Co.
inscription runs " A brave, resolute, self-
: for their present of £10,000 on the occasion
reliant soldier, universally acknowledged of his victory at Aboukir Bay. Nelson
as the first who stemmed the torrent of was killed at Trafalgar on Oct. 21, 1805.
rebellion in Bengal. He fellgloriously
at the relief of Lucknow.' He would have '
NEPEAN, SIR EVAN, BARONET
been K.C.B. had he lived. (1751-1822)
Governor : born 175 1 : son of Nicholas
NELSON, SIR ALEXANDER ABER- Nepean : as a clerk
entered the Navy :
CROMBY (1816-1893) Secretary to Lord Shuldham, 1782

Born 1816 : educated at Sandhurst : Under Secretary of State in the Shelburne
joined the 40th regt., 1835 commissariat : Ministry in 1794, Under Secretary for
:
officer in sole charge of the Bombay War Secretary of the Admiralty, i795-
:
force with Nott to Kandahar and in 1804 :Baronet, 1802 Chief Secretary :
Afghanistan 1841-2 at Ghazni and : for Ireland, 1804 Governor of Bombay, :
Kabul, and the engagements in the Khy- 1812-9 died Oct. 2, 1822.
:
ber on the return to India with Sir :
C. Napier in Sind at Hyderabad, March :

NEWAL KISHOR (1836-1895)
24, 1843 at Maharajpur, Dec.
: 29, Known as Munshi born at Bastoi son of : :
1843, as A.D.C. to Sir Thomas Valiant : Munshi Jamna Parshad, a Bhargava land
served no more in India Brig-General : owner in the Alighar district educated at :
at the suppression of the insurrection in Agra College became the most eminent of
:
Jamaica, 1865 Lieutenant-Governor of

: the vernacular publishers in India was :
Guernsey, 1870-83 : C.B., 1875 : Lt- first editor and manager of the Koh-i-Nur,
the oldest paper in the Panjab to Luck- :
NEWMARCH, SIR OLIVER RICHARD-
now in 1858, and, under official patronage, SON (1834- )
founded a press there, which rose to be
Born Oct. 31, 1834 son of Dr. Henry
:
the largest printing concern in India,
employing nearly 1,000 hands
Newmarch M.D. :educated at Charter-
opened :
house and Merton College, Oxford
branches at Cawnpur and Lahore, and
entered Bengal Army, 1855 served in :
agencies throughout and beyond India :
Indian mutiny, 1857-8 Military Secre-
aimed at educating the people for this :
:
tary to Government of India, 1884 :

purpose he maintained an Urdu daily news-
Accountant General, Military Department,
paper, the Oudh Akhbar, and translated
1878 Military Secretary, India
: Office,
into Urdu numerous standard works in
1889-99 Maj-General
: retired, : 1887 :
Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit and English :
C.S.L, 1888 K.C.S.I., 1894. :
published more than 4,000 different works.
The Oudh Akhbar was originally a weekly, NICHOLSON, SIR FREDERICK
but in 1878 became a daily publication, AUGUSTUS ? -
( )
and is still one of the leading vernacular
organs in N.
I.C.S.went out to Madras, 1869
: :
India. Newal Kishor
attained to great wealth, and was very
Member of Board of Revenue, Madras,
liberal, especially in the cause of education
1899 ' of the Governor-General's Legisla-
:
helped to establish the Jubilee High

tive Council, 1897-9, and 1900-2 :
reported[on the establishment of Agricul-

School at Lucknow, and the Lyall Library
tural Banks in India Member of the :
at Alighar gave large collections of
:
Famine Commission, 1901 CLE., 1899 : :
books, numerous scholarships and medals,
K.CI.E., 1903 retired. :
to other institutions did much for the :
Dufferin Fund and his own community,

building and endowing a boarding-house NICHOLSON, JOHN (1821-1857)
for Bhargava students at Agra supported : Son of Dr. Alexander Nicholson born :
all public movements in the United Dec. II, 1821 his mother's brother,
:
Provinces, was always ready to help charit- (Sir) James Weir Hogg [q.v.), obtained
able institutions and schemes of all creeds : for him an appointment in the Bengal
founded the Lucknow Paper Mills, one Infantry reached Calcutta, 1839 went
: :
of the chief concerns in the

United Pro- to Afghanistan with the 27th N.I. in
vinces under Indian ownership and 1840, to Jalalabad, Kabul, Ghazni,
management Hony. Magte. Municipal
: : where he was, with Colonel Palmer's
Commissioner Fellow of the Allahabad: force, besieged in Dec. 1841 made :
University : CLE., 1888 : died Feb. 19, prisoner in April, 1842 sent to Kabul in :
1895. Aug. and released in Sep. in the Satlaj :
campaign, in the commissariat at Firoz-

NEWBOLD, THOMAS JOHN (1807- shahr sent to instruct the troops of the
:
,1850) Maharaja of Kashmir Assistant to Sir :
Son of Dr. Francis Newbold : born Feb. Henry Lawrence at Lahore in the Panjab :
8, 1807 joined the E. I.

: Co.'s 23rd campaign of 1848-9, seized Attock and
Madras light infantry in 1828 served : the Margalla Pass at ChUianwala and :
in Malacca, 1832-5 WTote a book on the : Gujarat, and in the pursuit of the Sikhs :
British settlements in the Straits and a Deputy Commissioner under the Panjab
History of the Malayan States studied : Board of Administration at Bannu, :
the geology of Southern India travelled : 1851-6 he was "a tower of strength,"
:
largely in Arabia, Asia Minor, on the Lord Dalhousie said the natives re- :
Continent F.R.S.
: Member of the : garded him as a demigod and worshipped
Asiatic Society, 1841, for which he wrote him as " Nikkul Seyn " Brevet-Lt- :
scientific papers chiefly on geology and : Colonel, 1854 Deputy Commissioner:
literary subjects Oriental scholar : of Peshawar in 1857 succeeded (Sir) N. B. =
Captain, 1842 assistant at Kurnoul,

: Chamberlain {q.v.), in command, as Brig-
1842-5 travelled in Syria and Egypt
: : General of the Panjab movable column,
Assistant Resident at Hyderabad, 1846 : to Delhi disarmed suspected native
:
travelled to Nineveh, Shiraz, Bagdad, regiments cut off rebels at Trimmu

:
1849 : died at Mahableshwar, May 29, Ghat and on the Ravi river reached :
1850. Delhi, Aug. 14, 1857 commanded in the :

3i6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
action of Najafghar, Aug. 25 at the : NICOLLS, SIR JASPER (1778-1849)
storming of Delhi, Sep. 14, he commanded Born July 15, 1778 son of Col. NicoUs : :
the main storming party shot through :

educated at Dublin University: joined
the chest, in the street fights mortally :
the Army, 1793 went to India, 1802, as :
wounded lingered till Sep. 23

: buried :
Military Secretary to his uncle when C. in
near the Kashmir gate of Delhi his :
C, Bombay at Argaum and Gawilghar
: :
death deplored as a public misfortune :

Major, 1804 distinguished himself at
:
opinions are unanimous of his qualities

Buenos Ayres, 1807 at Corunna at : :
for command : his great physique, his

Walcheren Q.M.G. in India, 1812
: :
fearlessness, decision, judgment, fore-

C.B. :in the Nipal war, 1814-6, con-
thought, energy : trusted and followed quered Kumaon commanded a Brigade :
anjrwhere by his men noble, tender and

:
in the Pindari-Mahratta war, 18 17-8 :
kind, but stern to evil : would have been Maj-General, 1821 commanded a Divi- :
K.C.B. had he lived. sion in Madras, 1825-9, and at Bhartpur,

1826, commanded one of the attacking
NICHOLSON, SIR LOTHIAN (1827- columns K.C.B.
: Lt-General, 1837 : :
1893) C. in C, Madras, 1838 C. in C, in India, :
1839-43 opposed the continued occupa-

:
Son Thomas Nicholson

of George
tion of Kabul Colonel of the 5 th foot
:
born Jan. educated at Brighton

19, 1827 :
died May 4, 1849.

and Woolwich joined the R.E. in 1846 : :
served in N. America and through the :

NIGHTINGALL, SIR MILES
Crimea Brevet-Major, 1855
: in the :
(1768-1829)
mutiny, joined Sir Colin Campbell's Staff
Born Dec. 1768 joined the Army
25, :
present at the Alambagh and at the cap-

at Madras, 1787 served at Dindigul :
ture of Lucknow, March, 1858 in the :

and Palicaudcherry, 1790 Brig-Major :
operations in Oudh and in the Tarai

under Cornwallis at Bangalore and
C.B., 1859 Maj-General, 1877 '•
Lieuten- :
Seringapatam, 1792 at the capture of :
ant-Governor of Jersey, 1878-83 Lt- :

Pondicherry, 1793 Captain, 1794 in : :
General, 1881 Inspr-General of Fortifi-

the W. Indies and America
:
on Corn- :
cations, 1886 K.C.B., 1887 Governor

: :
wallis' Staff in Ireland and France
of Gibraltar, 1891 died there, June 27, :
Q.M.G. in Bengal, 1803 at Agra and :
1893 wrote papers on military engineer-

:
Laswari under Lake Military Secretary :
ing subjects.
to Cornwallis when Governor-General,
1805 in Portugal and the Peninsula
'•
:
NICHOLSON, SIR WILLIAM GUSTA- C. in C. in Java, 1813-5 Lt-General, :
VUS (1845- )
X814 :K.C.B., 1815 C. in C, Bombay, :
1816-9 M.P. for Eye, 1820 and 1826

: :
Born March 1845 son of William 2, :

died Sep. 12, 1829.
Nicholson entered the Royal Engineers
:
1865, and became Colonel, 1891 :

NIXON, JOHN ECCLES (1857- )
served in the Afghan war, 1878-80 Maj-General born Aug. 16, 1857 :
in the march from Kabul to Kandahar, son of Maj-General J. P. Nixon: edu-

and at the battle of Kandahar Brevet- :
cated at Wellington served in the Afghan :
Major Egyptian war, 1882, Tel-el-

:
war, 1879-80 Mahsud-Wuziri expedition,
:
Kebir Burmese expedition, 1886-7, as

:
1881 Chitral Relief Force as D.A.Q.M.G.
: :
A.A.G. Brevet-Lt-Colonel
: Tirah ex- :
Brevet-Lt-Colonel Tirah expedition, :
pedition, 1897-8, as Chief of the Staff :

1897-8, as Chief Staff Officer Tochi :
K.C.B. Adjutant-General in India, 1898-

:
Field Force commanded a Brigade in S.
:
9 : South African war, 1899-1900, as Africa, 1901-2 commanding Bangalore :
Military Secretary to C. in C. and Director District since 1903 author of Military :
of Transport at Headquarters Maj- :

Notes on Tactics, Law, and Staff Officers on
General Director-General of Mobilisa-
:
Field Service.
tion and Military Intelligence, War
Office, 1901-4 attached to the Japanese : NOBLE, REV. ROBERT TURLINGTON
army, 1904-5 appointed Governor of :
(1809-1865)
Gibraltar, 1905 resigned the appoint- : Son Rev. John Noble
of born Jan. or :
ment. Feb. 1809 educ&ted (Scholar) at Oakham,

:
Sidney Sussex
(Scholar) and Christ's the Black Mountain expedition, 1868
Colleges, Cambridge tutor to Sir T. : commanded the 24th Panjab N.I. in
Blomefield, 1833-8 curate of Old : Afghan war, 1879-80 in the Bazar :
Dalby, 1839-41 ordained, 1839 : went : Valley expedition and defence of Jag-
out, as a Missionary of the Church Mis- dalak in the Kabul-Kandahar march,
:
sionary Society, in 1841, to the Telugu Aug. 1880, and battle of Kandahar
Mission at Masulipatam, and worked C.B. commanded a Brigade in Burma,
:
there continuously for 24 years, preaching 1885-6 K.C.B. : Maj-General, 1889 : :
and teaching took up Ellore, 1854, and

: Lt-General, 1892 died June 25, 1901. :
Bezwada, 1858, as Missionary stations :
refused a Chaplaincy succumbed to :

NORMAN, SIR HENRY RADFORD
exposure to the cyclone of Nov. i, 1864, (1818-1899)
and illness : died Oct. 17, 1865. General son of Rev. J H. Norman
: . :
entered the loth foot in 1838 served in :
NOER, PRINCE FREDERIC CHRIS- the Satlaj campaign, 1845-6, at Sobraon :
TIAN CHARLES AUGUSTUS in the Panjab campaign, 1848-9 at :
SCHLESWIG - HOLSTEIN - SON- Multan, Surajkund, Gujarat •

in the :
DERBURG - AUGUSTENBURG mutiny at the capture of Lucknow and

COUNT VON (1830-1881) other actions C.B. retired, 1885 : : :
Born Nov. 16, 1830, at Schleswig : son K.C.B., 1899 died Dec. 16, 1899. :
of Friedrich Emile August of Noer

served under his father in the insurrec- NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE
tionary Army of Schleswig-Holstein, 1848- (1826-1904)
9 : travelled through Egypt, Australia, Field born Dec. 2, 1826 r
Marshal :
India, and Asia Minor, 1849-50 entered, : son of James Norman, of Calcutta
as a Fellow- Commoner, at Trinity College, educated privately and at Addiscombe :
Cambridge, 1852 stayed there 18 months : :

joined the E.I. Co.'s 31st Bengal N.I. in
studied at Heidelburg, and Paris, lan- 1844 Adjutant in the Panjab campaign
: :
guages and historic documents published : of 1848-9 present at the passage of the
:
A lies und Neues aus den Lindern des Chenab, Sadulapur, Chilianwala, Gujarat,,
Ostens, 1859, under the name of Onoman- pursuit of the Sikhs in 1850, Brig- :
der : read Sanskrit with Goldstucker Major at the fighting in the Kohat Pass :
{q.v.) in London to S. India in 1865 : :

D.A.A.G. constantly in frontier ex-
:
returned to Noer, near Kiel again : peditions in the campaign of the Sonthal
:
visited India, June, 1867-April, 1869, rebelion, 1855 in the mutiny of 1857 :
travelled in Mysore, to Calcutta, and was A.A.G. under Sir H. Barnard : at

Upper India became enthusiastic about
: Badli-ka-sarai D.A.G. through the siege :
Akbar published the first volume of a

: of Delhi, June 8-Sep. 20 at the rehefs. :
Life of Akbar, 1 880-1, and, after his of Lucknow and Cawnpur, and the
death, the second volume was issued, operations, Nov. 28-Dec. 6, against the
1885 left to Cambridge University the
: Gwalior Contingent at Khudaganj, at :
bulk of his valuable Oriental, principally the capture of Lucknow, at Fatehghar,

Indian, literature, including some very in Rohilkund, at Bareli, in the Oudh
rare works resided many years in
: campaign : Lt- Brevets, Major and
England and France attained consider- : Colonel C.B., 1859 :acted as Adjutant- :
able eminence
literary his widow : General, April-Nov. 1859 Assistant :
published his memoirs, 1886 died Dec. : Military Secretary for Indian affairs at
25, 1881. the Horse Guards his proposals for the :
Indian Staff Corps accepted with modifi-

NORMAN, SIR FRANCIS BOOTH cations in 1862, Secretary to the Govern-
:
(1830-1901) ment of India, Miltary Department

Son of James Norman brother of : A.D.C. to Queen Victoria Military Member :
SirH. W. Norman {q.v.) born April 25, : of the Supreme Council in India, 1868,
: joined : and 1870-7 Lt-General, 1877 Member
: =
of the Council of India, 1878-82 General,

the 14th Bengal N.I., 1848 in the Um- :
:
beyla campaign, 1863 A.Q.M.G. in the : 1882 Captain-General and Governor in

:
Bhutan campaign, 1864-6, at the re- Chief of Jamaica, 1882-7: Governor of

Major, 1865 Queensland, 1889-95 refused the ap-
capture of Dewangiri in : :
:
3i8 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
pointment of the Viceroyalty of India India, May, 1872 to April, 1876 made an :
(between Lords Lansdowne and Elgin) Earl First Lord of the Admiralty,
:
Agent for Queensland in London, 1896 : 1880-5 during this time he was sent on
:
in April, 1901, Governor of Chelsea a special mission to Cairo G. C.S.I. : :
Hospital Field Marshal, Ijune 26, 1902

: : G.C.I.E. P.C. D.C.L.
: LL.D. : F.R.S.: : :
was on the Royal Commission to investi- Lord Lieutenant, and Chairman of the
gate the conduct of the S. African cam- County Council of Hampshire. His Vice-
paign K.C.B., 1873
: G.C.B., 1887 : : royalty was comparatively uneventful.
G.C.M.G., 1887 CLE., 1878 died : : The Amir of Afghanistan sent an Envoy,
Oct. 26, 1904. Nur Muhammad Shah, to make requests
for assistance and protection, which Lord
NORMAN, JOHN PAXTON (1819-1871) Northbrook was not authorized to con-
Son of John Norman, a Somersetshire cede. The Bengal famine occurred in
banker born Oct. 21, 1819
: educated : 1874, which he controlled with vigour and
at Exeter Grammar School, and Exeter success, not going up to Simla during the
College, Oxford practised as a special : whole year he refused to prohibit the
:
pleader : called to the bar at the Inner exportation of grain from India, but
Temple, 1862 was a Puisne Judge of
: imported enormous quantities of rice to
the Calcutta Supreme Court, 1862-71, feed the famine-stricken he sanctioned :
and
officiating as Chief Justice in 1864-5, the Sone canal and N. Bengal railway as
again in 1 870-1 he was attacked and : relief works. He had the Gaekwar of
mortally wounded by an assassin as he Baroda tried for an attempt on the life of
was ascending the steps of the Town the Resident, and deposed for mis-
Hall, Calcutta, on his way to his Court government he entertained H.R.H. the
:
(which was temporarily being held Prince of Wales on his visit to Calcutta,
there), and died of his wounds early the Dec. 1875 he abolished the Income
:
next morning, Sep. 21, 1871. The mur- Tax : and disagreed with the Secretary
derer, Abdulla, a Panjabi, gave no intelli- of State about the cotton duties, and
gible account of his motives. Norman resigned. He paid special attention to
was the most popular men, always of Finance. He was greatly respected and
accessible to natives, and very kindly esteemed by all classes, and his memory
disposed towards them, and intended to is held in high regard to this day. The
retire soon he was a sound lawyer
: the : business of the Government was never
author, in England, of many legal treatises better performed than in his time. His
and papers, and the editor of law reports. statue is in Calcutta. He founded and
He took an active part in the Calcutta presided over the Northbrook Indian
University as President of the Faculty of Club in London. He died Nov. 15, 1904.
Law. A monument was erected to him
by the Government in St. Paul's Cathedral, NORTHCOTE, HENRY STAFFORD,
Calcutta. FIRST BARON (1846- )
Born Nov. 1846 second son of

18, :
NORTHBROOK, THOMAS GEORGE Sir Stafford Northcote, afterwards Earl of

BARING, FIRST EARL OF Iddesleigh educated at Eton and Merton
:
(1826-1904) College, Oxford Private Secretary to :
Governor-General and Viceroy born : Lord Salisbury, on his embassy to Con-

Jan. 22, 1826 son of the first Baron
: stantinople 1876-7 Financial Secretary :
Northbrook educated at Christ Church,

: to War Office, 1885-6 Surveyor-General :
Oxford was Private Secretary succes-

: of the Ordnance, 1886-7 Charity Com- :
sively to Mr. Labouchere (Lord Taunton) missioner, 1891-2 M.P. for Exeter, :
at the Board of Trade, Sir George Grey at 1880-99 Governor of Bombay, 1899-
:
the Home Office, Sir C. Wood (Lord 1903 Governor-General of Common-

:
Halifax) at the India Office and Admiralty : wealth of Australia, 1903 C.B. G.C.I.E. : :
M.P. for Falmouth and Penryn, 1857-66 :
Junior Lord of the Admiralty, 1857-8 :

NORTON, JOHN BRUCE (1815-1883)
Under Secretary for India, 1859-61 and Son of Sir John David Norton, Puisne
1 Under Secretary for the Home
86 1-4 : Judge of the Madras Supreme Court :
Department, 1864-6, and for War, 1868- born July 8, 1815 educated at Harrow, :
72 Viceroy and Governor- General of

: and Merton College, Oxford Scholar : :
played in the Harrow cricket Eleven in there returned to India vid Jalalabad
:
:
1832-3 called to the bar at Lincoln's

:
appointed Resident at Lucknow with the
Inn, 1841 to India, 1842 Sheriff of
: :
King of Oudh made G.C.B., 1843 :
: to
Madras, 1843-5 Clerk of the Crown, :
England in 1844 died Jan i, 1845 : : his
1845-62 Government Pleader
: Advo- : statue erected at Carmarthen.
cate-General, 1863-71 Member of the :
Legislative Council, Madras Fellow and : NUGENT, SIR GEORGE, BARONET

Law Lecturer of the Madras University : (1757-1849)
was an ardent advocate and supporter of
Field Marshal born June 10, 1757 :
native interests and education Patron :
:
son of Lt-General Honble. E. C. Nugent

of Pachaiyappa's school at Madras educated at Charterhouse and R.M.A.,
appointed, in 1873, the first lecturer on
Woolwich entered the Army, 1773
Law to Indian students at the Temple, :
served in several Royal regiments during

=
London died July 13, 1883

: wrote on :
the American war in the campaign in :
The Law of Evidence, etc., 1858 and :

Flanders, 1793 Adjt-General in Ireland,:
chiefly on legal subjects : also The Rebel-

1 798-1 801 raised a corps of 600 in
:
lion in India : how to prevent another

Buckinghamshire M.P. for Buckingham, :
1857 Topics for Indian Statesmen, 1858

; :
1790-1800 and 1819-32, and for Aylesbury,
Nemesis, a Poem, and other books of 1806-7: Maj-General, 1796 Lieutenant- :
verse.
Governor and C. in C, Jamaica, 1801-6:
NORTON, SIR JOHN DAVID (1787-
Baronet, 1806: C. in in India, 1811-3 C :
General, 1813 G.C.B., 1815 D.C.L.:

1843) : :
Colonel of the 6th regt. Field Marshal, :
Entered Royal Artillery, but changed 1846 died March 10, 1849.
:
to the law became Private Secretary

:
to Sir Edward Sugden (Lord St. Leonards,

NUGENT, JOHN ( ? -1900)
Lord Chancellor) Puisne Judge of the :
Supreme Court, Madras, 1841 knighted, :

I.C.S. : educated at the Royal Institute
1842 :died, 1843, on a sea voyage to School, and Trinity College,
Liverpool,
Malacca his monument in the Cathedral,
:
Dublin entered the
: Bombay Civil
Madras father of John Bruce Norton
:
Service, 1864 Secretary to the Bombay
:
iq.v.).
Government Additional Member of the
:
Governor- General's Legislative Council :
NOTT, SIR WILLIAM (1782-1845) Member of Council, Bombay, 1896 :
died of cholera, Aug. 5, 1900.

Maj-General son of Charles Nott : :
born Jan. 20, 1782 educated at Neath :
and Cowbridge in 1800 joined the Bengal :

NUNCOMAR RAI, MAHARAJA
European regt. at Berhampiu: served in :
( ? -1776)
Sumatra : commanded the 2othT N.I. at (Also spelt Nanda Kumar) born early :
Barrackpur, 1825 Colonel, 1829 in : : in the i8th century in the Murshidabad

1838, Brig-General of the Brigade in the district : early appointed A min or revenue
first Division of the Army of the Indus : collector of Parganas Hijli and Moisadal :
commanded the Division to Quetta in : accompanied Clive to Patna as Vakil

command at Kandahar, 1839 defeated : and, in 1756, was Governor of Hughli :
the Ghilzais caused the enemy to : attended Mir J afar in the war against
evacuate Kelat in military and political : Mir Kasim made, about 1764, Maharaja
:
command in Lower Afghanistan and Sind by the Emperor Shah Alam appointed :
in Jan. 1842 repulsed all attacks on : by the E. I. Co. to be Collector of Burdwan,

Kandahar after Macnaghten's death,
: Nadia and Hughli, in place of W.Hastings :
declined to retire to India without express in 1765 was Naib Subah of Bengal, deposed,
orders in July, 1842, ordered to with-
: and Muhammad Reza Khan appointed in :
draw ifova. Afghanistan, but allowed 1772, when Warren Hastings became
choice of route sent General England : Governor-General, Nuncomar made com-
back to Quetta, and himself marched vid plaints against the Revenue Adminis-
Ghazni towards Kabul successful en- : tration of Muhammad Reza Khan, Naib
gagements on Aug. 30 at Karabagh, near Subah, and helped Warren Hastings in
Ghazni, and en route to Kabul, which he prosecuting Reza Khan, who was then
'
jreached Sep. 17, 1842, meeting Pollock deposed obtained the appointment of
:
his son, Raja Goordas, as assistant to manded a Brigade at the occupation of :
Mani Begam, Superintendent of the Kandahar commanded the Cavalry at

:
Nawab's Household in March, i775» : Girishk on the Helmund, July 14, 1880:
brought before the Council some grave at Maiwand, July 27 at the defence of :
charges against Warren Hastings in : Kandahar and the battle on Sep. i, 1880 :
April, 1775, was prosecuted, along with Maj-General, 1885 Lt-General, 1887 :
Joseph Fowke, by Harwell, for con- died Aug. 30, 1890.

spiracy while this case was pending, a
:
charge of forgery of a bond in connexion OAKELEY, SIR CHARLES, BARONET

with a civil case in progress against him (1751-1826)
was brought against him on May 6, i775. I.C.S. Governor
: son of the Rev. :
before Justices Lemaistre and Hyde,

William Oakeley born Feb. 27, 175 1 : :
sitting as committing magistrates. He

went out to Madras in the E. I. Co.'s ser-
was tried at the Sessions, June 8-16, vice, 1767 was a Secretary in 1773 and
: '
before Sir E. Impey, CJ., and Justices

1777-80, also Judge Advocate-General
Chambers, Lemaistre and Hyde was :
and Translator President in 178 1-4 of
:
convicted of the forgery, sentenced to

the Committee of the Assigned Revenue of
death, and hanged on Aug. 5, i775-
the Nabob of Arcot President of the :
NUNN, JOSHUA ARTHUR (1853- )

Board ofRevenue, Madras, 1786-8 made :
Baronet in 1790 named Governor, but :
Born May 10, 1853 son of Edward W. :

had to remain as Second in Council until
Nunn educated at Wimbledon and
:
Medows retired in Aug. 1792 the charge :
Royal Vet. College, London : called to

of the civil government was very onerous
the bar at Lincoln's Inn Veterinary :
in supplying the wants of Cornwallis'
Surgeon, R.A., 1877 served in Afghan :
Army in the field made possible by :
war, 1878-80 Vet. Surgeon to Panjab :

reforms and good administration he :
Government, 1880-5 on special duty :

converted the floating debt, and arranged
in Natal and Cape Colony investigating for siege of Pondicherry, 1793 retired, :
horse-sickness, 1885-8 served in Chin- :

Sep. 7, 1794 declined to be Governor-
:
Lushai expedition as P.V.O., 1889-90 :

General of India died Sep. 7, 1826. :
D.S.O. Principal,: Lahore Veterinary

College, 1890-6 : CLE. : Deputy Direc-
tor-General A.V.D., 1 901 : author of OAKES, SIR HENRY» BARONET
Management in India and other (1756-1827)
Stable
veterinary works. Son of Lt-Col. Hildebrand Oakes :
born July 11, 1756 entered the Bombay

NUTTALL, SIR JAMES MANSFIELD
:
Army, 1775 served in Gujarat, at Poona,

:
(1823-1897)
in Mysore, 1775-81 made prisoner by :
Born June 8, 1823 served in the :

Tippoo at Bednore, 1783-4 served at :
Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 in the mutiny :

Seringapatam, 1790, and in Malabar
engaged around Allahabad in the :
Adjutant- General of the Army, 1796
Lushai campaign, 1 871-2, under Bour- Military Auditor-General, 1807 Maj- :
chier commanded in the Naga Hills

:
General, 1810 Lt-General, 1814
: suc- :
expedition, 1875 in the Naga campaign, :

ceeded his brother as Baronet, 1822 :
1879-80 at the capture of Kohima

:
committed suicide, Nov. i, 1827.
C.B., 1872 K.C.B., 1894 Bengal Staff
: :
Corps Maj-General died Oct. 12, 1897.

: :
O'CALLAGHAN, SIR FRANCIS
NUTTALL, THOMAS (1828-1890) LANGFORD (1839- )
Son of George R. Nuttall, M.D. born : Born July 1839 son of James
22, :
Oct. 7, 1828 educated at Aberdeen

:
O'Callaghan educated at Cork College
:
joined the Bombay N.I. in 1845 in the : and Queen's University, Ireland joined :
Persian war, 1857 engaged against Bhil : the Indian P. W. Department, 1862, and
rebels, 1857-61 joined the Bombay Staff : rose through various grades to that of
Corps, 1865 D.S. of Police, 1860-5 : in = Chief Enigineer, ist class Consulting :
the Abyssinian Texpedition, 1867-8 Com- : Engineer to Government of India for

mandant of the Sind Frontier Force, State Railways, 1889 Secretary to :
1877 in the Afghan war, 1878-80, com-

:
Government of India, Public Works
Department, 1892 retired, 1894 con- : :
O'CONNOR, LUKE (1832- )
structed the Attock bridge over the
Enlisted in Royal Welsh FusUiers,
Indus constructed the railway through
:
1849, and became Maj-General, 1887

the Bolan Pass to Quetta constructed :
served in the Crimea gained the V.C. and
Uganda railway : CLE., 1883 : C.S.I.
:
a Commission Indian mutiny, 1857-8

:
1887 : K.C.M.G., 1902. :
at the relief of Lucknow in Ashanti :
expedition, 1873, Brevet -Lt-Colonel

O'CALLAGHAN, HON. SIR ROBERT retired.
WILLIAM (1777-1840)
Second son of Baron Lismore : born
O'CONNOR, PATRICK FENELON
(1850- )
Oct. 1777 joined the 128th regt., 1794
: :
served in Sicily, the Peninsula, several Son O'Connor educated at

of Patrick :
battles K.C.B., 1815 Lt-General, 1830

: : :
Belvedere and Carlow Colleges, and at the
C. in C, Madras, from May 11, 1831, to Catholic University, Ireland joined the :
Oct. II, 1836 acted as C. in C. in India :

Indian Medical Service, 1875, and became
between Lord W. Bentinck's departure in Surgeon-Major, 1895 served in Afghan :
March, 1835, to Sir H. Fane's assumption war, 1878-80 Egypt, 1882

: Burma, :
of office, Sep. 1835 G.C.B., 1838 died : :

1886-7 Chitral, 1895
: Tirah expedi- :
June 9, 1840. tion, 1897-8 China, :1900-2 C.B., :
1902.
OCHTERLONY, SIR DAVID, BARONET ODLING, CHARLES WILLIAM

(1758-1825) (1847- )
Born Feb. 1758 son of David 12, : Son of William Odling 1847 edu- : bom :
Ochterlony joined the E. I. Co.'s Bengal

: cated at Queen's College, Galway, and
Army, 1777 served in Col. T. D. Pearse's
: Queen's University, Ireland entered the :
force under Coote, 178 1-3 taken prisoner : Indian P.W.D., 1865 Chief Engineer and :
at the siege of Cuddalore, 1783, and re- Secretary for Irrigation to Bengal Govern-
leased, 1784: commanded a regt. under ment, 1892, and to N.W.P. Government,
Lake in 1803 in the Doab D.A.G. at : 1895, and Member of Legislative Coimcil,
Koel, Alighar, Delhi appointed Resident : N.W.P. Secretary
: Government of to
at Delhi, 1803 defended it against : India in the P.W.D., 1901 Fellow of :
Holkar, 1804 commanded at Allahabad, : Calcutta University : retired, 1902 : C.S.L,

1806: and on the Satlaj against Ranjit 1898.
Singh, 1808 Maj-General, 1814 com-
; :
manded one of the four columns in the Nipal O'HALLORAN, SIR JOSEPH
war, 1 8 14-5 the only one successful : :
(1763-1843)
took Fort Nalagur, 1814 defeated Amar : Son of Sylvester O'Halloran born :
Singh, took Malown, 1815 K.C.B. and : Aug. 13, 1763 joined the Bengal Army,
:
Baronet defeated the Gurkhas within 20

: 1782 Adjutant, and in the P.W.D. at
:
miles of Katmandu, and obtained the Midnapur, 179 6-1 802 : served in 1803-4
signature of a treaty, 1816 G.C.B. in : : in Bundelkund against the Bundelas, at
the Pindari-Mahratta war of 1817-8 : the attacks on RogouH and Adjighar,
commanded a column and made a treaty 1809 in the Nipal war, 1815-6, and in
:
and settlement with Amir Khan, 181 8 : Cuttack C.B. commanded a regt. in
: :
appointed Resident in Rajputana, 181 8 : the Straits Settlements, 1818 Brigadier :
Resident at Delhi Resident in Malwa and : at Sagar, 1828 retired, 1833, never
:
Rajputana, 1822 when Durjan Lai : having taken any leave to Europe
revolted in 1825 against Balwant Singh, knighted, 1835 K.C.B., 1837 : G.C.B.. :
the R.ija of Bhartpur, aged 6, Ochterlony 1841 Maj-General, 1837

: died Nov. 3, :
supported the Raja by proclamation and 1843-

force on Amherst's disapproving his
O'KINEALY, JAMES
:
(1837-1903)
action and deciding to investigate the
question, Ochterlony resigned and died, I.C.S.educated at Queen's College,
:
heartbroken at his treatment, July 15, Galway went out to India in 1861
:
:
1825. The Ochterlony column at Cal- served in the judicial branch of the Civil
cutta perpetuates his name and memory. Service in Lower Bengal Legal Remem- :
Y
brancer and District Judge Member of : and Persian Persian Translator to :
the Rent Commission, and of the Bengal Government became a Judge of the :
Legislative Council acting Secretary to : Sadr Court, and Member of Council, Mad-
the Government of India, Home Depart- ras, 1831-6 : retired, 1836 : died 1845-6.
ment Puisne Judge of the Calcutta
:
High Court, 1883-99 President of the :

OLLIVANT, SIR EDWARD CHARLES
Board of Examiners a good Arabic : KAYLL (1846- )
scholar edited law books

: died Jan. :
I.C.S.born Feb. 7, 1846 educated at
: :
i4» 1903- Marlborough went to Bombay in the :
Civil Service, 1868 Municipal Com- :
OLDHAM, THOMAS (1816-1878)

missioner, Bombay, 1881-90 Political :
Born May 1816 son of Thomas

4, : Agent, Kattiawar, 1890-5 Officiating :
Oldham educated privately and at

: Commissioner in Sind, 1895 Officiating :
Trinity College, Dublin studied, 1837-8, : Chief Secretary to Government, 1896 :
at the Engineering School, Edinburgh :

Member of Council, Bombay, 1897-
became assistant in the Geological Depart- 1902 : retired : K.C.I.E., 1892.
ment in Ireland in 1839 Professor of :
Geology at Trinity College, Dublin, 1845 : OLPHERTS, SIR WILLIAM (1822-1902)

President of the Dublin Geological Society, son of William Olpherts
General :
1846 and Director of the Geological Sur-

;
born March 1822 educated at Addis-8, :
vey of Ireland. Went to India in 1851 as combe entered the Bengal Artillery,
:
Superintendent of the Geological Survey Maj-General, 1875 General, 1885

1839 : : :
of India, having to organize the Depart-

saw active service in Burma, 1841 in the :
ment besides his annual reports, Palceon-

:
Sagar territory, 1842 in the Gwalior :
tologica Indica, and other publications of

campaign, 1843 in Sind, 1844-5 com- : :
the Indian Geological Survey, he wrote a manded Artillery against Kot Kangra,
number of papers in the Journal of the 1846 at Peshawar, 1852
: in the Crimea :
Geological Society of London : retired in

and Asia Minor, 1854-6 under General :
1876. He was four times President of the Neill suppressed the Benares mutiny, m
Asiatic Society of Bengal member of :
June 4, 1857 with Havelock's force at : ^
the Royal Irish Academy F.G.S., F.R.S. : :
Bithur, to the Alambagh : at the first
and medallist : member of the Royal Lucknow, gained the V.C., which
relief of
Irish Academy : LL.D. of Dublin : died
he deserved on many occasions known :
July 17, 1878.

throughout " Hell-fire the Army as
Jack" was in the defence of the Resi-
OLDHAM, WILLIAM BENJAMIN :
dency, Sep. to Nov. 1857 at the final :
(1845- )
capture of Lucknow, 1858 in the Oudh :

: son of :
campaign, 1858 against the Waziris, :
Thomas Wilson Oldham educated at :

1859-60 commanded Artillery at Pesha-
:
Kingstown School and Trinity College, war and Rawal Pindi, 1861-8 Brigadier :
Dublin went to Bengal in the Civil

:
of Artillery in Gwalior and Rohilkund
Service, 1865 was employed in Famine ser-
:
districts and in the Oudh Division, 1870-
vice in Orissa, Bihar, Madras and Bengal, 5 K.C.B., 1886
: Colonel Commandant, :
and on frontier service in the Lushai Hills, R.A., 1888 G.C.B., 1900 died April 30,
: :
1892 : CLE. Member of Board of :

1902.
Revenue, 1900 : commanded Calcutta
Vol. Rifles author of : Some Ethnical and OMICHAND ( ? -1758)
Historical Aspects of Burdwan District. Amirchanda Panjabi by birth and a :
Nanak-panthi, i.e. a disciple of Guru

OLIPHANT, JAMES ( ? -1881 ? )
Govind Nanak joined in Bengal the :
Lt-Colonel, Madras Engineers Director :

trading business of Boistab Chand Sett
of the E.I. Co., 1844-56 Chairman of the :
and his brother, Manick Chand .Sett of
Court, 1854 died 1881. :
Burra Bazar, Calcutta while working :
under the Setts, amassed considerable

OLIVER, WILLIAM ( ? -1846)
wealth and set up business on his own
Joined the E. I. Co.'s Civil Service in account made an immense fortune as
:
Madras, 1801 distinguished in Arabic

: Principal Contractor of the E.I. Company
most of the best houses in Calcutta were Sukranitisara, 1882-90 Nitipra Karika, :
owned by him. In the beginning of 1757, 1882 On the Aborigines of India, 1804.
:
:
when the English were arranging with Mir Ph. D.

J afar and others to dethrone Suraj-ud-
daula, Omichand, being cognisant of the ORME, ROBERT (1728-1801)
conspiracy, asked for thirty lakhs as the Born at Anjengo, Dec. 25, 172S : son of
price of silence Clive designed to make
:
Surgeon Alexander Orme educated at :
him believe that the English intended to Harrow went to Calcutta, 1742 joined
: :
reward his services by inserting an article a mercantile house became a writer in :
in the treaty drawn between them and the E. Co.'s service, 1743
I. '•
returned to
Mir J afar. Two treaties were drawn up, England in 1753 with Clive and became
one fictitious, the other genuine. Omi- intimate with him : appointed by the
chand was shown the fictitious treaty, Court of Directors to be a Member of
which provided for his reward. Admiral Council at Madras, 1754-8, and was
Watson had refused to sign this treaty, Commissary and Accountant-General
and his signature was written by another on his advice and nomination, Clive was
hand. After the battle of Plassy, Omi- sent up in command to Calcutta in 1756 :
chand was made aware of the genuine Orme was captured by the French on his
treaty, in which no mention was made of way home and taken to the Mauritius,
him. It is said that, on perceiving that 1759 reached London, 1760
• published :
he was cheated, he fainted away and lost A History of the Military Transactions of
his reason. The accuracy of this state- the British Nation in Indostan from the
ment has been questioned. He died year 1745, in 1763 and 1778 Historio- :
suddenly at Malda, Dec. 5, 1758. grapher to the E. I. Co., 1769-1801 :
F.S.A., 1770 published Historical Frag-

OMMANEY, EDWARD LACON
:
ments of the Mogul Empire, of the Morat-

(1834- ) toes, and of the English Concerns in Indostan
Born Aug. 24, 1834 son of Maj-General : from the year 1659, in 1782 died at Great :
Edward Lacon Ommaney, R.E. educated : Ealing, Jan. 13, 1801 friend of Dr. :
at Bedford and Owen's College, Man- Johnson all books,

: printed tracts,
chester joined the Indian Army, 1855,
: manuscripts as left by him, presented to
and the Staff Corps, 1861 became : the E. I. Co. are now in the India Office
Colonel, served in the Indian
1885 : Library.
mutiny, 1857-8 at the siege of Delhi :
appointed to the Panjab Commission, 1858, ORR, JOHN (1760 7-1835)

in charge of State prisoners continued :
Born about 1760 joined the Madras :
in civil employ, on the N. W. Frontier :

N.I. in 1777 was at the siege of Pondi-
:
Commissioner of Multan, the Derajat, and cherry, 1778 : commanded a flying

Peshawar Divisions served as Political :
column to assist Coote's Army, 1780-4,
Officer, 2nd Black Mountain expedition, and subsequently the Governor's body-
1888 : C.S.I. : retired, 1891. guard was in the Mysore war, 1790-2,
:
at Seringapatam Maj-General, 1809 : :
OPPERT, GUSTAV (1836- Lt-General, 1814 : died Nov. 26, 1835.

Born July 30, 1836 brother of Julius
OSBORN, ROBERT DURIE
:
(1835-1889)
Oppert studied at Leipzig, Halle, and
:
Berlin, 1858-60, especially history and Born Aug. 6, 1835 son of Lt-Colonel :
Oriental languages attached, for some : Henry Roche Osborn educated at :
time, to the Libraries of Oxford and Walthamstow joined the 26th Bengal :
Windsor in 1872 made Professor of

: N.I., 1854 in the Indian mutiny of
:
in
Sanskrit the Presidency
at College, 1857, at Bulandshahr and Alighar,
Madras, and Curator of the Government Oudh, Sagar, Bundelkund Tutor to the :
Fellow of Madras Paikpara wards, 1872 in the Afghan

Oriental MS. Library :
:
University, 1873 Telugu Translator to : war, 1878 retired as Lt-Colonel, 1879

:
:
Government, 1878 returned to Europe, : wrote Islam under the Arabs, 1876, and
Islam under the Khalifs of Bagdad, 1877
"•
in 1893 appointed Professor of Sanskrit

:
at Berlin University, 1894 published : assisted in editing the London States-
List of Sanskrit MSS. in Southern India, man, 1879-80, and engaged in journalism
1880, etc. text and translation of the
: and literature, to oppose Lord Beacons-
field's and Lord Lytton's policy in India : Haileybury went in 1837 to Madras,
:
died April 19, 1889. where, during his 10 years, he made a

name as a linguist and an expert catcher
OSBORNE, JOHN WILLIAM of elephants spent some years in S.
:
WILLOUGHBY (1833-1881) Africa in sport and exploration, partly

Born 1833 son of Maj-General Wil-
:
with Livingstone, in the discovery of
loughby Osborne entered the Madras :
Lake Ngami, 1849, and the Zambesi,
Army, 1850 : Lt-Colonel, 1871 : served 185 1 did service in the Crimea as a
:
through the Indian mutiny : wounded in volunteer wrote on " South Africa
:
action C.B.
: Honorary A.D.C. to the
:
Fifty Years ago," in Big Game Shooting :
Viceroy, i860 Political Resident at :
died May i, 1893.
Gwalior, 1880 died Oct. 8, 1881.
:
OTTLEY, SIR JOHN WALTER

0*SHAUGHNESSY, SIR WILLIAM (1841- )
BROOKE (1809-1889) Born July 22, 1841 son of Major :
Son of David O'Shaughnessy born at : Thomas Henry Ottley educated at :
Limerick in 1809 educated at Edinburgh : Lancaster, privately, and at Woolwich :
University M.D., 1830 went to Bengal

: : entered R.E., 1864, and became Colonel,
in the E. I. Co.'s Medical Service, 1833 :
1895 :Inspr-General of Irrigation in
Surgeon-Major, 1861 Professor of Chemis- : India served as Engineer-in-Chief in
:
try at the Medical College, Calcutta Tirah expedition, 1897-8 President :
appointed Director-General of Telegraphs Royal Indian Engineering College, Cooper's

in India, 1853 rapidly laid down lines
: Hill, since 1899 CLE., 1892 K.C.I.E.,
: :
to Agra, Bombay, Madras, Peshawar in : 1904.

the mutiny. Sir John Lawrence said " The :
telegraph saved India " knighted in :

OUDH, SHUJA-UD-DAULA, NAWAB
1856 :retired, i860 Lord Canning, in a :
WAZIR OF (1731-1776)
minute on his departmre, referred to his Born 1731 son of the Nawab-Wazir,
:
ability and energy in extending and Safdar Jang, whom

he succeeded in 1753 =
maintaining the gigantic work of the was present at the battle of Panipat,
Indian telegraphs, with which his name 1 76 1, in which the Afghan invader,
is associated, and recorded a high appre- Ahmed Shah Abdah, and the Rohillas
ciation of his services F.R.S., 1843 : : defeated the Mahrattas was made :
assumed the name of Brooke wrote : Wazir to the Emperor Shah Alam he :
books on chemistr}^ and medicine died : was defeated at Baxar, Oct. 23, 1764, by
Jan. 10, 1889. the English under Major Hector Munro :
fled to Delhi was defeated again and

:
O'SULLIVAN, J. W. ( ? -1877 ?) surrendered to the English Clive re- :
Said to have gone to India as a private stored Oudh to him, 1765, and made him
in the Royal Artillery, and to have an ally. Warren Hastings made the
fought in the engagements of the second treaty of Benares with him, 1773 sending :
Sikh war, 1848-9 kept a private day- :

English troops, paid for by the Nawab,
school in Calcutta was a journalist in :
against the Rohillas, and ceding districts
Calcutta from about 1862 wrote for the :
to the Nawab, on payment he died at :
Mofussilite and other up-country journals :

Faizabad, Jan. 29, 1775.
was special correspondent to the Times of
India : acquired a facility in dealing
OUSELEY, SIR GORE, BARONET
(1770-1844)
with some of the more intricate questions
of Indian policy said to have secured : Son of Capt. Ralph Ouseley born :
the confidence of the Governor-General June 24, 1770 went out to India in 1788,
:
and other high officers of the time in commerce entered the service of
:
edited the Weekly Indian Statesman at Saadat Ali, the Nawab Wazir of Oudh :
Bombay about 1874-6 died about 1877. : became his A.D.C. returned to England :
in 1805 Baronet in 1808

: Ambassador :
OSWELL, WILLIAM COTTON Extraordinary to Persia, 1810 made the :
(1818-1893) Perso-English treaty of 1812 mediated :

: son of : between Russia and Persia, 1813 Privy :
William Oswell educated at Rugby and

: Councillor, 1820 G.C.H., 1831 died : :
J
Nov. 1844
18, was a good Oriental :
EUenborough, regarding the annexation
scholar helped to estabUsh the Royal
:
of Sind, a prolonged controversy ensued :
Asiatic Society was Chairman of the : he advocated the cause of the Amirs in
Oriental Translation Committee President :
England as strongly as in India. He
of the Society for the Publication of heroically defended the Hyderabad Resi-
Oriental Texts F.R.S. and Fellow of
: :
dency on Feb. 15, 1843, against 8,000
the Antiquarian Society his Biographical :
Beluchis : Lt-Colonel and C.B. : he :
Notices of Persian Poets published after was Resident at Satara in 1845, and in
his death. 1847 at Baroda, where he exposed corrup-
tion in high places. The Bombay Govern-
OUSELEY, JOSEPH W. J. (1800-1889) ment removed him, but Lord Dalhousie
Colonel born June 21, 1800 educated
: : reinstated him, and made him Resident
at Limerick went to Madras in 1819,
: atLucknow in Dec. 1854, and, later, when
joining the 98th Bengal N. I. passed : Oudh was annexed in 1856 on Outram's
honour examinations in Arabic and Persian recommendation, the first Chief Com-
and became, in 1825, Professor of San- missioner, and K.C.B. Outram was
skrit, Mahratti, Bengali, at the College of given the command of the Persian war in
Fort William and Secretary to the
: 1856-7, and made G.C.B. on its conclu-
College Superintendent of the Mysore
: sion. In the mutiny he commanded two
Princes, 1838-44 was Professor of : Divisions of the Bengal Army, and
Arabic and Persian at Haileybury, 1844- accompanied the relief column to Luck-
59 : edited the Anwar-i-Suhaili Exami- : now, as a volunteer, in Sep. 1857, magnani-
ner in Oriental Languages to the Civil mously yielding the command to Sir
Service Commission, 1862-83 in 1857 : Henry Havelock, subsequently assuming
was employed as Persian interpreter to his superior military rank, besides his
the British Plenipotentiary, when nego- position as Chief Commissioner. On the
tiating with Persia the Treaty of Paris in second relief, in Nov. Outram retired to
1857 one of the Council of King's College
: : the Alambagh, and held it against 120,000
died Nov. 1889. rebels until the final capture of Lucknow
in March, 1858. He was Military Member
OUTRAM, SIR JAMES, BARONET of the Supreme Council from 1858 to
(1803-1863) i860, when he retired. He was made
Lt-General born on Jan. 29, 1803
: : K.C.S.I. in 1861, and D.CL. He died on
educated at the Marischal College, Aber- March 11, 1863, and was buried in West-
deen entered the Indian Army at 16
: : minster Abbey. He was made a Baronet
acting Adjutant of a Bombay regt. in after the mutiny. In 1842, at a public
1820 was a keen sportsman, from 1822
: : dinner. Sir Charles Napier described him.
in 1823-4 took 74 " first spears " out of as the " Bayard of India," and the name
123 and between 1825 and 1834 was at
: has clung to him. His exploits and his
the deaths of 191 tigers, besides many great character— brave, high-minded,
other large animals was employed in : ambitious, warm-tempered, humble, mod-
Khandesh for some years, disciplining the est, chivalrous, kind-hearted— have
made
Bhils by his Bhil corps and politic mea- Outram conspicuous among the heroes
sures, and in Guzarat, 1835-8, reducing of Indian history. Statues of him have
turbulent chiefs Political Agent in Mahi : been erected in London and Calcutta.
Kanta he was attached, in 1838, to
:
Sir John (Lord) Keane's staff, when com- OWEN, SIR EDWARD CAMPBELL
manding the Bombay Army through RICH (1771-1849)
Kandahar and Ghazni to Kabul. Outram,
from Kabul, led the pursuit of Amir Dost Son of Captain William Owen : born
Muhammad across the Hindu Kush, in 1771 : entered the Navy in 1786 served :
1839, and took a prominent part in the on a number of stations and actively
operations in South Afghanistan. In against France, 1802-5 in the Walcheren
:
expedition, 1809 K.C.B., 1815 C. in C,

1839 he was Political Agent at Hyderabad : :
in Sind, and in 1841 in Upper Sind, and West Indies, 1822-3 Surveyor-General
•
cultivated friendship with the Amirs. of Ordnance, 1825 Naval : in C. in theC

Outram, differing in his views from his East Indies, 1828-32 G.C.H., 1832 :
:
superior, Sir Charles Napier, and Lord C. in C. in the Mediterranean, 1841-5 :

G.C.B., 1845 : Admiral, 1846 : died Anglo- vernacular school, 1899 : has
Oct. 8, 1849. made large donations to public and
charitable objects.
OZANNE, EDWARD CHARLES
(1850-1905)
PAHASU, SIR MUHAMMAD PAIZ ALI
I.C.S. son of Rev. T. D. Ozanne
: :
KHAN, NAWAB BAHADUR OF
educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey (1821-1894)
entered the Bombay Civil Service, 1872,
and retired in 1897 gained the diploma :
Born Aug. 1821 of the great
26, :
of the M.R.A.C. at the Royal Agricultiural Lalkani family of Muhammadan Rajputs,

of the Bargujar clan son of Murad Ali :
College, Cirencester : Director of Agricul-
ture, Bombay,
1883-91 Survey and :
Khan (died 1858) educated privately ::
in his father's lifetime became Pay-

Settlement Commissioner, Bombay
C.S.L, 1902, for services as Delegate for master and C. in C. of the Jaipur forces :
India on International Sugar Bounty during the mutiny, both his father and
Conference in Brussels, 1898 for 8 :
he behaved well he marched with a:
years Jurat of the Royal Court of Guern- force to aid the British at Delhi, but the
sey: President of the States Education and force proved disloyal he rescued the Cus- :
Finance Committees, and States Super- toms officers and their

families in Gvurgaon.
visor died at Guernsey, Jan. 28, 1905.

:
Faiz Ali Khan rendered good service in
guarding the ferries over the Ganges and
keeping the jail at Bulandshahr rewarded :
PAGET, HON. SIR EDWARD with a large grant of land on favoturable

(1775-1849) terms, and title of Khan Bahadur : was
Fourth son of the Earl of Uxbridge, given a jagir by Jaipur Prime Minister :
and brother of the first Marquis of Angle- of Jaipur, 1863 received, in 1869, titles,
:
sey :born Nov. 3, 1775 entered the ist : made hereditary in 1881 C.S.L, 1870 : :
Lifeguards in 1792 served in Flanders,: K.C.S.I., in 1876 Member of the Baroda

:
the W. Indies, at Cape St. Vincent, in Commission, 1874 Superintendent of :
Egypt, Sicily, the Peninsula commanded : the Kotah State Attache to the Foreign
:
the reserve at Corunna, Jan. 16, 1809 : Office, 1877 Fellow of the Allahabad
:
in the advance to Oporto lost an arm : University :Member of the Provincial

Lt-General, 181 1, second in command to Legislative Council, and, 1877, repre-
Sir A. Wellesley made prisoner G.C.B.,
: : sentative of the Muhammadans in the
1812 Governor of Ceylon, 182 1-3 C. in C.
: : Governor-General's Legislative Council
in India, Jan. 1823 to Oct. 1825 the : died Aug. 5, 1894.
Burmese war of 1824-5 took place during
his command the mutiny of three sepoy
:
PAIKPARA, PRATAP CHANDRA
regiments at Barrackpur occurred in SINGH, RAJA BAHADUR OF
1824 his stern measures for its repression
:
( ? -1868)
were censured in some quarters and The adopted son of Sri Narayan Singh,
nearly led to his recall retired in 1825 : : who was descended from Ganga Gobind
General, 1825 died May 13, 1849.
: Singh, Diwan to the E. I. Co. in the time
of Warren Hastings. He was a Vice-
PAHASU, MUHAMMAD FAIYAZ ALI President of the British Indian Associa-
KHAN, NAWAB OF (1851- )
tion: Raja Bahadur, and C.S.L in recog-
Born Nov. son of Nawab
4, 185 1 :
nition of his liberality and public spirit.
Bahadur, Sir Muhammad Faiz Ali Khan :
He died in 1868.
hereditary head of Lalkhani family of
Rajputs Honorary Magistrate Member
: : PAL, KRISTO DAS (1838-1884)
of the Legislative Council of the United Educated at the Oriental Seminary and
Provinces, 1898-1902 and the Governor : the Metropolitan College, Calcutta ap- :
General's Legislative Council, 1898-1900 : pointed Assistant Secretary to the British

guest of the nation at H.M the King's Indian Association, Calcutta, in Dec. 1858,
Coronation, 1902, as representative of and Secretary in 1879 made editor in :
the United Provinces Foreign Minister :

Nov. 1861, and subsequently manager of
of Jaipur State Council, 1901 C.S.L, : the Hindu Patriot, then the leading native
1903 devoted a large estate to chari-
:
paper in 1863, appointed a Justice of
:
table purposes, 1899 founded an : the Peace for Calcutta, and took a promi-
nent position in municipal affairs nomi- : Horse : commanded loth Bengal Cavalry
nated a Member of the Bengal Legislative in Abyssinia Afghan war, 1879-80,
: in
Council in 1872, and an Additional Member with Sir D. Stewart's force to Kandahar :
of the Governor-General's Legislative commanded the Cavahry

Brigade at
Council in Feb. 1883, as the representative Ahmad Kheyl and Urzoo K.C.B. : :
of the Bengal zamindars in the discus- Lt-General G.C.B. died Nov. 22, 1895.
: :
sions on the Bengal Tenancy Bill his :
services were highly valued by Govern- PALMER, SIR ARTHUR POWER

ment his natural eloquence was developed
: (1840-1904)
by constant practice, while his force of Commander-in-Chief in India : son of
character, combined with industry and Capt. Nicholas Power Palmer, who was
independence, gave him a leading position killed during the retreat from Kabul,
in public affairs in advocating the cause born June 25, 1840
:
1842 : educated at :
of the natives of India his moderation Cheltenham entered the Indian Army
:
conduced greatly to his success. Sir in 1857, and in the mutiny was in Hodson's
C. P. Ilbert said of him great : "A Horse, and in the Oudh campaign and at
orator and a great journalist, who would Nawabganj joined the Bengal Staff
:
have made his mark in any country and Corps, 1 861 was in the N.W. frontier
:
at any time " Rai Bahadur in 1877, and

:
campaign of 1863-4 against the Mohmands:
a CLE. in 1878 after his death, on :
in Abyssinia in 1868 A.D.C. to General :
July 24, 1884, a statue was erected in his Stafford in the Dafla expedition, 1874-5 :
honour at Calcutta. served with the Dutch in their war in
Achin, 1876-7 in the Afghan war of :
PALK, SIR ROBERT, BARONET 1878-9 was A.A. and Q.M.G. of the
:
(1717-1798)
Kuram Field Force, at Peiwar Kotal and
Governor son of Walter Palk
: born : in the Khost Valley in the Soudan :
Dec. 1717 went out to Madras as an

: expedition of 1885, commanded the 9th
E. L Co.'s Chaplain gave up his orders : Bengal Cavalry at Suakin C.B. Maj- : :
and entered the Civil Service became : General, 1893 commanded in the N. :
Member of Council, 1753 Envoy to the : Chin Hills in Burma, 1892-3 K.C.B., :
Raja of Tanjore, 1753-4 and conducted = 1893 :in the Tirah expedition, 1897-8,
negotiations with the French he installed : commanded the communications and the
the Nawabof the Carnatic,i755 was Gover- : Second Division was at Chagra Kotal : :
nor of Madras, Nov. 1763, to Jan. 1767 : commanded the Panjab Army General, :
protected the Raja of Tanjore against the 1899 :C. in C. in India, March 19, 1900,
Nawab made a treaty, which has been
: till the autumn of 1902, when he left
generally condemned, with the Nizam of India was G.C.I.E., 1901
: G.C.B., :
Hyderabad, in Nov. 1766 returned to : 1903. As C. in C. he introduced many

England, 1767 M.P. for Ashburton, : practical improvements, suggested by
1767-8, and 1774-87 made Baronet, : the experience of recent campaigns. He
1772 a strong supporter of Warren
: died Feb. 28, 1904.
Hastings died May, 1798.
:
PALMER, EDWARD HENRY

PALLISER, SIR CHARLES HENRY (1840-1882)
(1830-1895) Born Aug. 7, 1840 son of William :
Son Maj- General Henry Palliser,

of Henry Palmer educated at the Perse :
R.A. educated at Addiscombe

: entered : Grammar School, Cambridge learnt :
the Army, 1 847 severely wounded on the

: Romany as a boy three years in business :
Derajat frontier, 1853 in the Indian : in London learnt Italian, :

French,
mutiny, with Renaud's force from Allaha- Persian, Arabic, and Hindustani at
bad to Cawnpur, and with Havelock's Cambridge Sizar of St. John's College,
:
force commanded Irregular Cavalry at

: 1863 : Scholar : B.A., 1867 : continued
Fatehpur, at the Alambagh, and the first his studies in Oriental languages, com-
relief of Lucknow : in defence of the posing and writing in them : wrote
Residency until the second relief by Sir Oriental Mysticism Fellow of St. John's :
Colin Campbell at the Alambagh under: College, 1867 in 1869 travelled for the :
Outram, Nov. 1857, to March, 1858 at : Palestine Exploration Fund in the survey
capture of Lucknow and with Hodson's : of Sinai, and, again, from Sinai to Jeru-
salera and Damascus wrote The Desert of
: Hastings brother of John Palmer (q.v.)
: :
the Exodus, 1871 : a history of Jerusalem founded, 18 14, the great banking-house
etc., etc. : became Lord Almoner's of Palmer & Co. at Hyderabad, in which
Professor of Arabic, 1871 lectured on : the Rumbolds were partners : his heavy
Oriental languages at Cambridge wrote : financial the Nizam
transactions with
an Arabic grammar, and manual, and a ended in his ruin, and in the censure of
Persian dictionary : also translated the the Governor-General died 1867. :
Koran, and Arabic poetry wrote a life of :
the Caliph Haroun Alrashid revised :

PARKE, SIR WILLIAM (1822-1897)
Henry Martyn's New Testament in Per- Son educated atEton
of Charles Parke : :
sian wrote for the Encyclopedia Britan-

: entered the Army, 1840 served in the :
nica called to the bar from the Middle

: Crimea Lt-Colonel, 1855
: in the mutiny, :
Temple, 1874 wrote from 1881 for : as Brigadier, commanded a Brigade of

daily and weekly journals in London the Rajputana Field Force, 1858-9 :
sent in June, 1882, on a secret mission commanded the assault at Kotah in the :
to the Bedouins in the desert vid J affa :

Central India operations, in the pursuit
at first successful, but later was treacher- of Tantia Topi A.D.C. to the Queen : :
ously led into an ambush, and, on Aug. 11, C.B. General, 1882
: held commands in :
1882, was shot with his two companions. England K.C.B., 1887 : died March 29, :
Gill and Charrington their remains :

1897.
were buried in St. Paul's Cathedral in
April, 1883. PARKER, SIR GEORGE, BARONET
( ? -1857)
PALMER, JOHN (1767-1836)
Second son of Vice-Admiral Sir William
Born Oct. 8, 1767 son of Lt- General W. :
George Parker, Bart educated at :
Palmer, Military Secretary to Warren Addiscombe went out to India in the

:
Hastings was intended for the Navy,

:
Army, 1833 became Baronet, 1852, on
:
and took part in the naval actions on the his brother's death was Magistrate at :
Coromandel coast against Admiral Suffrein Cawnpur in 1856-7 did not abandon :
iq.v.) left the Navy in 1783 and joined

:
his house during the siege died of sun- :
the firm of Burgh, Barber & Co. became :

stroke, July 6, 1857 Major. :
sole manager, as Palmer & Co. and :
was styled the " Prince of British mer-

" he had great public spirit, and
PARKER, SIR GEORGE ARTHUR
chants :
(1843-1900)
gave his support to J. S. Buckingham
(q.v.) he had intended to leave India in
:
son of Rev. Richard Parker
I.C.S. : :
1 801-2, but losses compelled him to re- born Feb. 28, 1843 educated at Upping- :
t\irn : his firm failed in 1830 he died, :

ham and Trinity Hall, Cambridge went :
universally respected and regretted, Jan. out to Madras, 1863 District Judge of :
21, 1836 his marble bust was erected

:
Tanjore Puisne Judge of the High
:
by subscription in the Town Hall at Cal- Court, Madras 1885-96 knighted died : :
cutta " The friend of the poor " being

:
June 5, 1900.
inscribed on his tomb.
PARKER, HENRY MEREDITH
PALMER, WILLIAM ( ? -1814) (1796P-1868)
Lt-General entered the Bengal Army
: Said in his youth to have been a violinist
from the King's service in 1766, joining at Covent Garden Theatre through Lord :
the 3rd N.I. in 1767 was Military Secre- : Moira's influence, obtained a clerkship in
tary to Warren Hastings for several the Commissariat in the Peninsula
years before 1782, when he became entered the Bengal Civil Service, and
Resident at Lucknow at Sindia's : rose to be a Member of the Calcutta Board
Court, 1794-8 and at Poona, 1798-01 : : of Customs, Salt, and Opium (merged in
afterwards he commanded at Monghyr : the Board of Revenue) retired in 1842 : :
died at Berhampur, May 20, 1814. entertained at a farewell dinner at the

Sans Souci Theatre in Park Street, Cal-
PALMER, WILLIAM (1780-1867) cutta wrote verses under the nom de
:
Born 1780 son of General William

: plume of " Bernard Wycliffe," and pub-
Palmer, Military Secretary to Warren lished, under his own name. The Draught
of Immortality and other Poems, and two PATCHEAPPA, CONJEVERAM

volumes of prose and verse, entitled MUDALIAR (1754-1794)
Bole Ponjis (The Punch-Bowl) an accom- :
plished musician, clever draughtsman,

(Also spelt Pachaiyappa) posthumous :
son of Vienanda Mudaliar : born

fluent speaker, a versatile writer, capital
1754 became a broker and a dubash
: :
actor, adept in modern languages
(interpreter) to a merchant travelling
died 1868.
in S. India became a contractor, and
:
acquired great wealth by his commercial

PARKES, FANNY ( ? - ? )
transactions with the E. I. Co. and others :
Daughter of Major Edward C. Archer, made large gifts to charities and religious
A.D.C. to Lord Combermere she went : endowments died March 31, 1794 some
: :
with her husband to India, 1822 to : of his wealth was, after litigation, devoted
Calcutta, Allahabad, Cawnpur, Lucknow, to the erection at Madras, in 1843, of the
Agra, Meerut, Delhi, Landour, Mussorrie Hall called after him, for the improvement
and other up-country stations to Eng- : of charitable education.
land in 1839, to the Cape in 1843, again to
India, 1844 left Calcutta finally, Aug.
:
PATERSON, WILLIAM SENOULT
29, 1845, homewards by the Cape,
to (1819-1892)
England, Jan. 1846. She wrote, in 2 I.C.S. son of William Paterson of the
:
vols., a journal of her 23-24 years in 30th regt. N.I born March, 18 19, at :
India, one of the best accounts of Indian Sagar educated at Harrow, and Hailey-
:
life and events of that time. bury, 1838-9 served in India, 1840-
:
72 in the N.W.P. Magistrate of Gorakh-

: :
PARLEY, BROOK BRIDGES pur in 1857 stopped by the mutiny from

:
going on sick leave the troops there, :

(1783-1873)
Native Infantry and Irregular Cavalry,
General son of Rev. S. Parlby
: born :
mutinied order was maintained in the
:
1783 educated at Rugby

: joined the : district until the mutineers from Segowlie
Madras Army in the 7th N.I. of the
: approached Gorakhpur, when the civil
Hyderabad Subsidiary Force, was at officers retired with a Gurkha force to
Argaum, 1803 wounded at Sassouigarm,
: Azimghar, in Aug. 1857 Paterson saved :
Oct. 8, 1804, and at Gawilghar, Dec. 15, the lives a number of Europeans
of
1805 in the first Burmese war, 1824-
:
Judge at Agra, 1862, and of the High
5, commanded a Brigade in the attacks on Court, 1867 retired 1872 died June 8,
: :
Rangoon and Maloun, and other actions :

1892.
C.B. General, 1857
: died March 7, :
1873- PATIALA, MAHARAJA SIR NARIN-

DAR SINGH OF (1823-1862)
PARSAD, MAHARAJA SIR PESHKAR Of the Phulkian family of Sikhs
KISHEN ( ? - ) succeeded his father, Karam Singh, in
Dec, 1845, assisted Government in the
Prime Minister Nizam of Hydera-of the
bad since descended from the
1901 :
Sikh wars, and was rewarded with lands
great Hyderabad Statesman, Chandu and privileges and assurance of protection.
Lai K.C.I.E., 1903
: decorated for ser- :
During the mutiny of 1857 he again showed
vices connected with the Berars Agree- his unswerving and conspicuous loyalty
ment. to Government, by sending an auxiliary
force to Delhi (in spite of temptation from
the King of Delhi), Gwalior and Dholpur,
PARSONS, ABRAHAM ( ? -1785) and keeping open communications on the
Son of a merchant Captain became a : Grand Trunk road. Lord Canning said
merchant at Bristol consul for the : that he had surpassed the former achieve-
Turkey Company at Scanderoon ments of his race by the constancy and
travelled to Aleppo Bagdad, Bussora, courage he evinced during the mutiny.
Bombay, along the coast to Goa, return- His services were acknowledged by a
ing by the Red Sea and Cairo died : grant of territory and by additional
titles and powers, and an adoption
sanad :
1785 his Account of Travels in Asia and
:
Africa published in 1808 from his MS. K.C.S.I.ini86i : Member of the Governor-
3 so DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
General's Legislative Council in 1862 : 1900, at Calcutta, having resigned his
died Nov. 13, 1862. appointment the previous day.
PATIALA, MAHARAJA BAHADUR PAUL, JOHN LISTON (1827- )
SIR RAJENDRA SINGH MAHEN- Born Feb. 12, 1827 son of John Paul, :
DRA, OF (1872-1900) M.D. (Edin.) educated at Elgin Academy

:
Born May 25, 1872 as a minor suc- : and Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities :
ceeded his father, the Maharaja Mahindra entered the Madras Medical Service,
Singh, April 14, 1876 a Council of : 1850, and rose to be Deputy Surgeon-
Regency was established until he came General retired, 1874, and was appointed
:
to the gadi for his active services with

: member of the Medical Board at the
his Imperial Service troops in the Mohmand India Office, 1875.
campaign of 1897 he was made G.C.S.I.,
in 1898 he offered his services in the
: PAYN, SIR WILLIAM (1823-1893)
Transvaal was devoted to sport of all
:
Son of William born 1823 Payn : :
kinds, including racing, polo, cricket

entered the Army, 1842
:
served in the :
died of fever, Nov. 8, 1900. Satlaj, Panjab, and other Indian cam-
paigns, 1845-52 in the Crimea com- :
PATIALA, SIR RANBIR SINGH OF manded a regiment of the Turkish Con-

( ? - )
tingent :in the mutiny was at the battle
Kunwar Sahib Patiala uncle of of : of Cawnpur, the siege of Lucknow
the Maharaja of Patiala presented his : and other engagements C.B. Brevet- : :
residence and estates at Kasauli for the Lt-Colonel commanded the Mysore
:
use of the Indian Pasteur Institute : Division of the Madras Army, 1879-83 :
K.C.S.I., 1903. K.C.B., 1886 General, 1887 died June 14,

: :
1893.
PATON, JOHN STAFFORD (1821-1889)
Son of Capt. John Forbes Paton born :
PAYNE, ARTHUR JAMES (1826- )
182 1 educated at Addiscombe

: Bengal : Born Oct. 21, 1826 son of Captain :
infantry cadet in 1837 was at Maharajpur, : John Payne educated at King's College,
:
1843 in the Sikh war, 1845-6, at Firoz-

: London graduatedin London, A.B., M.D.
:
shahr, Sobraon, and Kot-Kangra went out to India in the I. M.S., 1849 :
D.A.Q.M.G. in the Panjab campaign, 1848- after early service with troops, held Civil
9, at Ramnagar, the Chenab, Sadulapur. appointments in the N.W.P., and went to
Chilianwala under Sir C. J. Napier
: Bengal, 1856, where for 28 years he ren-
against the Afridis and at the Kohat Pass, dered " public services of the most excep-
1850 : commanded the force sent to tionaland distinguished character" nearly :
suppress the Gogaira insurrection, 1857 : every Department of the Administration

joined the Staff corps, 1861 Q.M.G. in : in which medical officers are employed
Bengal, 1863-8 commanded a Division,
: having the advantage of his sound judg-
1870 C.B., 1873
: General, 1877 died : : ment and rare capacity for organization
Nov. 28, 1889. and control as Superintendent of Lunatic
:
Asylums, 1860-82, he introduced reforms

PAUL, SIR GREGORY CHARLES making for economy and efficiency : for
(1831-1900) 10 years superintended the Lock Hospitals
Son of Peter J. Paul, of Calcutta : born of Calcutta twice officiated as Inspr-
:
1831 : educated at King's College, London, General of Jails: acted as Sanitary

and Trinity College, Cambridge : called Commissioner, Bengal, 1871 organized :
to the bar at the Inner Temple, 1855 : a system of State Emigration as Health :
enrolled as an Advocate by the Calcutta Officer of Calcutta, from 1876, was the
High Court, 1862 officiated as a Puisne :
first to propose and take real steps towards
Judge of the Court, 1871-2 Advocate- :

the improvement of the sanitary condition
General from 1872 CLE., 1878 K.C.I.E. : :
of the town was a metfiber of every
:
1888 Additional Member of the Governor-

:
important Medical Committee at Calcutta
General's Legislative Council, 1878-82 : for 20 years Surgeon-General of Bengal,
:
Member of the Bengal Legislative Council 1879-84 acting Surgeon-General with

:
died Jan. i. the Government of India, 1883 retired.

while Advocate-General :
:
1885, the Bengal Government recording PEARS, SIR THOMAS TOWNSEND

their recognition of his vigorous adminis-
(1809-1892)
tration and hostility to inefficiency and
Born May 9, 1809 son of the Rev. :
extravagance in 1888 he rendered great
:
assistance to the Secretary of State for

Dr. James Pears: educated at Addis
India in connexion with a scheme of
combe went to Madras in the E. I. Co.'s
:
Engineers, 1826 Superintending Engineer,

Army Nursing proposed by the Govern-
:
1828 Chief Engineer with the Kurnool

:
ment of India.
Force, 1839 Commanding Engineer in :
the China war, 1840-2, under Sir Hugh

PEACOCK, SIR BARNES (1810-1890) Gough Brevet-Major and C.B., 1842
: :
Son of Lewis H. Peacock : born 1810 : Consulting Engineer for railways at

practised as a special pleader called to : Madras, 185 1-7 Chief Engineer, P.W.D., :
the bar, at the Inner Temple, 1836 made : in Mysore, i860 retired, 1861, as Maj- :
his reputation by obtaining the acquittal General Secretary in the Military Depart-
:
of Daniel O'Connell on appeal to the ment at the India Office, 1861-77 K.C.B., :
House of Lords, 1843 Q.C., 1850 and : : 1871 died Oct. 7, 1892.
:
Bencher of his Inn Legal Member of the :
Supreme Council, April, 1852, to June, PEARSE, THOMAS DEANE

1859 :in charge of the Indian Penal (1738?-1789)
Code when it became law Chief Justice of : Born about 1738: educated at the R.M.A.,
the Supreme Court at Calcutta, 1859-62, Woolwich entered the Royal Artillery,
:
and of the High Court, 1862-70 knighted : 1757, and was at the siege of Guadeloupe,
1859 for some time Vice-President of
: the Havannah, and Bellisle joined the :
the Legislative Council retired, 1870 : : Bengal Artillery as Major, 1768 Colonel :
Member of the Judicial Committee of the in 1779 was Warren Hastings' second
:
Privy Council, 1872 died Dec. 3, i890« : in the latter's duel with (Sir) Philip
Francis on Aug. 17, 1780 was sent in :
PEACOCK, FREDERICK BARNES 1781 in command of a force of five regts.,

(1836-1894) despatched through Orissa and the
Northern Sircars, to the aid of the Madras
I.C.S. born 1836 rj'son of Sir Barnes
:
Presidency engaged under Sir Eyre :
Peacock {q.v.) educated at Eton and Coote, 1781-3, against Hyder and the
:
Haileybury joined the Bengal Civil

:
returned to Bengal, 1785
French :
:
Service, 1857 Registrar of the High

:
was given a sword of honour for his services
Court, 1864 Commissioner of Dacca,
'
died on the Hughli
in the Carnatic :
1878, and of the Presidency Division, 1881 :

1789 for the
above Calcutta, June, 15, =
Chief Secretary of the Government of was senior officer

last 3 years of his life
Bengal, 1883-7 Member of the Bengal :
of the Bengal Army.
Legislative Council, 1889, and of the
Board of Revenue, 1887 retired, 1890 : :
PEARSON, THOMAS HOOKE
C.S.I., died April 14, 1894, on P. and O. (1806-1892)
vS.S. Britannia, off Sicily. son of John Pearson,
Born June, 1806 :
Advocate-General in Bengal educated at :
PEACOCK, THOMAS LOVE (1785-1866) Eton joined the nth Light Dragoons,
:
1825 at Bhartpur, 1825-6 A.D.C. to

Born Oct. 18, 1785 son of Samuel :
:
:
Lord Amherst on to Ranjit his visit

Peacock educated at Englefield Green
: :
published poetry and novels, and was Singh with the i6th Lancers at Maharaj-
:
intimate with Shelley, until, in 18 19, he pur in the Satlaj campaign at AUwal
:
:
received an appointment in the India commanded his regt. at Sobraon C.B., :
1869 Lt-General, 1877 and General

House. He still continued literary work,
:
:
but his official duties necessarily occupied died April 29, 1892.
his time he appeared on behalf of the
:
E. I. Co. before Parliamentary Committees :

PEDLER, ALEXANDER (1849- )
Born May 21, 1849 arrived in India,

was Chief Examiner from 1837-56, between :
James Mill {q.v.) and John Stuart Mill {q.v.): 1873 : joined the Bengal Education De-
died Jan. 23, 1866 : is best known for his partment Professor of Chemistry at
:
novels. the Presidency College: Meteorological

Reporter to Government of Bengal in Agent in Kattiawar, 1873-8 acting :
addition to his duties as Professor, 1889 : Commissioner in Sind, 1878 Member :
Principal of the Presidency College, of Famine Commission, 1878-80 Secre- :
1896 : D.P.I. Bengal, 1899 C.I.E., : tary and Acting Chief Secretary, Bombay,
1901 : Member of the Governor-General's 1879-82 : Member of Council, Bombay
Legislative Council, 1903 Vice-Chan- : 1883-6 : Vice-chancellor of Bombay
cellor, Calcutta University, 1904. University, 1884-6 Member of Supreme :
Council, Oct. 1886 to Oct. 1887, and of the

PEEL, SIR LAWRENCE (1799-1884) Council of India, 1887-1902 C.S.I. :
Son of and nephew of Sir

Joseph Peel, 1879 : K.C.S.I. 1888.
Robert Peel, first Baronet, and first
cousin of the second Baronet, the Prime
PEILE, SOLOMON CHARLES
Minister : born Aug.
1799 educated 10, :
FREDERICK (1855- )
at Rugby and St. John's College, Cam- Son General Peile, R.E.
of educated :
bridge called to the bar at the Middle

: at Rugby entered the Indian Army
:
Temple, 1824 Treasurer, 1866 : Commis- : served in Afghan war, 1878-9 Burma, :
sioner of the Board of Control, 1828 Ad- : 1885-93 commanded Kachin operations:
:
vocate-General at Calcutta, 1840-2 Chief : Brevet-Lt-Colonel CLE., 1901 Inspr- : :
Justice of Bengal in 1842 knighted : General of Police, Burma.

Vice-President of the Governor-General's
Legislative Council, 1854-5 retired, '•
PELLEW, SIR FLEETWOOD BROUGH-
1855: Member of the Judicial Committee TON REYNOLDS (1789-1861)
of the Privy Council, 1856 Director Son of first Lord Exmouth born Dec.
:
:
of the E. I. Co. from 1857 D.C.L. Oxford, :

13, 1789 entered the Navy, i799 -
:
1858 : died July 22, 1884. serving under his father in the East Indies :
in actions against the Dutch, and the

PEEL, SIR WILLIAM (1824-1858) Malay pirates Captain, 1808 at the
: :
Born Nov. third son of Sir

2, 1824 : taking of the Mauritius, 1810 Java, 181 1 : :
Robert Peel, the Prime Minister entered :

C.B., 1815 K.C.H., 1836 C. in C. of the
: :
the Royal Navy in 1838 saw service in : East India and China stations, 1852 in :
the Mediterranean station, China, in the theBurma war recalled from his com- :
Pacific, N. America, W. Indies Captain, : mand for his severity Admiral, 1858 : :
1849 travelled,
: and wrote A Ride died July, 28, 1861.
through the Nubian Desert, 1852 with :
the Naval Brigade at Sebastopol gained : PELLY, SIR LEWIS (1826-1892)

his V.C. and CB
in the Indian mutiny, :
Born Nov. 14, 1825 : son of John
commanded the Shannon up to Calcutta, Hinde Pelly : educated Rugby
at
and formed and led the Naval Brigade up joined the E. I. Co.'s Bombay army,
country, comprising ten 8 -inch guns in :
Lt-General, 1887 Assistant
1841 : :
a number of actions K.C.B. 1858 at : :

Resident at Baroda, 185 1-2 A.D.C. to :
the relief of Lucknow,March 1858, severely

John Jacob in the Persian war, 1857:
wounded died of smallpox at Cawnpur,
:
Secretary of Legation at Teheran and
April 27, 1858 conspicuous by his :
Charge d' Affaires, 1859 rode from Persia :
bravery and personal example a statue :

to India through Herat and Kandahar,
was erected to him at Calcutta. without escort on a special Mission to :
the Comoro Islands, 1861 Political :
PEILE, SIR JAMES BRAITHWAITE Agent at Zanzibar, 1861-2 Political :
(183.3- )
Resident in the Persian Gulf, 1862-71 :

: son of : active in suppressing the slave trade
Rev. T. W. Peile educated at Repton : visited Riyadh, the capital of Nejd,
and Oriel College, Oxford Scholar first : : Central Arabia, 1865 C.S.I. 1868 with : , :
class Moderations first class. Final : Sir Bartle Frere's {q.v.) Mission to Zanzibar,
School went to Bombay in the Civil
: 1872-3 A.G.G.,
: Rajputana, 1874
Service, 1856 Under Secretary to the
: K.C.S.I. was Special Commissioner to
:
Bombay Government : Director of Public Baroda in 1874 to inquire into the Gaek-
Instruction, 1869-72 acting : Municipal war's maladmistration, whom he arrested
Commissioner of Bombay : Political in Jan. 1875, preparatory to his trial
333
conducted negotiations at Peshawar with mentioned in despatches: held various
the Amir's Envoy, Nur Muhammad Shah, appointments in the P.W.D., 1857-91,
Jan. 1S77 K.C.B., 1877, and retired
:
including Director-General of Railways,
M.P. for N. Hackney, 1885-92 died : and Secretary to the Government of India :
April 22, 1892 wrote The Views and :
Member of the Supreme Council from Feb.
Opinions of Brig-General John Jacob, C.B., 1891, to April, 1892 C.S.I. ,
:
1894.
1858 The Miracle Play of Husan and
:
Husain, 1879 on the North-West Frontier

:
PENNELL, HENRY SINGLETON
of India, 1858 and papers for the Royal ; (1874- )
Geographical Society.
Captain son of Edwin Pennell
:
PELLY, SAVILLE MARRIOTT educated at Eastbourne College joined the :
(1819-1895) Army, 1893 served in Tirah expedition,

:
1897-8 gained the V.C. South African

: :
Son of John Hinde Felly, and brother war, 1899-1900 (relief of Ladysmith).
of Lewis Pelly {q.v.): educated at
Sir
Winchester and Guy's Hospital in the :
PENNINGTON, CHARLES RICHARD
Indian Medical Service in the Sind :
(1838- )
Irregular Horse under Sir C. Napier,
1844-7 and on the Sind frontier under
:
Entered the Army 1857 became :
Jacob in the mutiny at Rajputana, in

:
Lt-General, 1899 : served in the Indian
pursuit of Tantia Topi mutiny, 1857-8 Umbeyla campaign,
P.M.O, of the :
:
I.M. Department in Abyssinia, 1867-8 :

1863 Afghan war, 1878-80
:
Brevet- :
C.B. I.G. Hospitals, Bombay

Lt-Colonel Egypt, 1882
: C.B., 1887. :
: : retired,
1870 : died April 3, 1895.
PENNY, EDMUND (1852- )
PEMBERTON, ROBERT BOILEAU Born April 23, 1852 son of Alfred :
(1798-1840) Penny educated at Cheltenham and

:
Born June son of John21, 1798 :

Cooper's Hill entered the P.W.D., India,
:
Butler Pemberton, Barrister, and, later, 1874 : planned and carried out Nagpur
Rector of a parish in the W. Indies entered :
Waterworks, 1890 Superintending :
the Indian Army, 1817, joining the 44th Engineer and Secretary to Chief Com-
N.I. saw active service in Manipur, and
:
missioner of the Central Provinces, 1899 '-
employed there in survey and exploration C.I.E., 1900.

work, and on similiar duties on the N.E.
frontier Capt. in July, 1835
: was sent :
PENNY, NICHOLAS (1790-1858)
as a special Envoy to Bhutan, 1838 his : Son of Robertborn Nov. Penny :
reports on this State and on the N.E. 1790 : entered the Bengal N.I., 1807 •"
frontier were, for a long time, the best Maj-General, 1854 at the siege of Bhart- =
information available to Government : pur, 1825-6 in the Satlaj campaign^

:
appointed Governor-General's Agent at 1845-6, commanded a Brigade was at :
Murshidabad, and died there, June 26, Aliwal and Sobraon in the Panjab :
1840 :was married to a sister of Sir campaign, was at Chilianwala and Gujarat
D. F. McLeod {q.v.) and a daughter : A.D.C. to Queen Victoria commanded the :
married Sir G. Yule {q.v.). Sirhind Division, 1852 the Cawnpur ;
Division, 1855 the Meerut Division,

;
PEMBERTON, ROBERT CHARLES June, 1857 commanded the Delhi Field

:
BOILEAU (1834- ) Force after the taking of Delhi killed :
Born Nov. son of Capt. 15, 1834 :

by the rebels near Budaon, May 4, 1858.
Robert Boileau Pemberton late 44th :
Bengal N.I. educated privately and

:
PENNYCUICK, JOHN ( ? -1849)
at Addiscombe entered the Bengal : Joined the 78th Highlanders, 1807 :
Engineers, 1853 became Colonel, 1882 : : was in the Java expedition, 181 1 the :
Maj-General, 1892, when he retired Burmese war, 1825-6 in the Afghan :
served in the Indian mutiny, at the siege war, 1839, at Ghazni, at Kelat C.B. : :
of Delhi (slightly wounded) in charge : Brevet-Lt-Colonel at Aden, 1841: :
of the Engineer Park at the final capture commanded the 24th regt. and a Brigade
of Lucknow by Sir Colin Campbell : in the Panjab campaign at the Chenab, :
and Chilianwala, where he was killed, as a petty officer, in 1780 : deserted his
Jan. 13, 1849. ship, and entered the service of the Rana
of Gohud about 1781 afterwards : of
PENNYCUICK, JOHN (1841- )
Bhartpur : and in 1790 was taken by
De
Born Jan. 15, 1841 son of Brig-General : Boigne {q.v.) into Madhoji Sindia's Army :
Pennycuick, C.B., who was killed at Chili- was at the battles of Patau and Merta,
anwala educated at Cheltenham and
: the siege of Kanaund, where he lost a hand:
Addiscombe entered the R.E., 1858, and
: won the battle of Kurdla for Daulat Rao
became Colonel, 1887 served in the : Sindia against the Nizam on De Boigne's :
Abyssinian campaign, 1867, and for 34 retirement, in 1796, Perron succeeded him
years in the P.W.D., Madras carried : as General, in command of Sindia's Army :
out the Periyar Reservoir project in the subdued Rajputana a victory : gained
Madura hills Chief Engineer and Secretary
: at Sounda, 1801 carried on fighting with
:
to Government, P.W.D., Madras Fellow : George Thomas of Georgeghar and Hansi,

of the Madras University Member of the : who was defeated said to have instigated :
Legislative Council, Madras President : Bonaparte's designs on India offered his :
of Cooper's Hill College retired, 1899 : : resignation to Sindia in 1803, but withdrew
Adviser to Queensland Government, 1899. it and was with his forces, under Sindia,
:
diuring the second Mahratta war of 1803,

PERCY, HENRY ALGERNON GEORGE, and in possession of Shah Alam, the
EARL (1871- ) Mogul Emperor dismissed : all British
Born Jan. son of21, 1871 : eldest officers from Sindia's service : after the
seventh Duke of Northumberland edu- : capture of Alighar by Lake, on Sep. 4,
cated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford : 1803, from Sindia's troops, and defeat at
first class Honom-s, and English Verse Koil, Perron was superseded by Ambaji
Prize M.P. for Kensington, 1895-1904
: : Inglia, and deposed from the command by
Under Secretary of State for India, 1902- Bourguien, and his life threatened he :
3 : Under Secretary of State for Foreign fled to Lake his troops were defeated at
:
Affairs from 1903 Lt-Colonel, Northum- : Delhi, Agra and Laswari Perron went :
berland Fusiliers Militia. to Lucknow, losing most of his immense

accumulated fortune he then went to :
PERKINS, SIR ^NEAS (1834-1901) Calcutta and Chandernagore reached :
General born 1834 son of Charles

: : Europe in 1805, and lived in retirement
Perkins entered the Bengal Engineers,
:
in France till his death in 1834.
1851 in the mutiny was at Badli-ka-
:
sarai and the siege of Delhi in the :

PERRY, SIR THOMAS ERSKINE
Bhutan war, 1864-5, commanding the (1806-1882)
Engineers: in the Afghan, war, 1879-80:
Son of James Perry of the Morning Chron-
Chief Engineer to Sir F. Roberts in the
icle born July 20, 1806 educated at
Kuram Field Force, 1878-9 at the :
: :
commanded the Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cam-

Peiwar Kotal C.B. : :
bridge B.A., 1829 was at the University of

Engineers in the Kabul Field Force, 1879
: :
:
Munich, 1829-31 took part in the Reform

at capture of Kabul, and
:
at Charasia :
arranged the defence of Sherpur com- :

agitation became Secretary to the
:
National Political Union of London

manded the Royal Engineers with Sir F. :
called to the bar by the Inner Temple,

Roberts in his Kabul- Kandahar March, in
Aug. 1880 at the battle of Kandahar
: :
1834 became law reporter in 1841, on
: :
losing his fortune, he applied for and

C.B. and A.D.C. to Queen Victoria Maj- :
held high engineering and obtained a Judgeship in the Bombay

General, 1887 :
P.W.D. appointments in the Central Supreme Court was knighted 1841 : :
Provinces and Pan jab commanded :

became Chief Justice in 1847 President :
of the Board of Education for 10 years

a first-class district, 1890-2 Colonel :
:
Commandant, Royal Engineers, 1895 :

promoted higher education and educational
institutions retired from India, 1852
: :
K.C.B. died Dec. 22, 1901.
:
a Professorship of Law was founded at

PERRON, (1755-1834) Bombay in his memory. He was M.P,
General his proper name was Pierre
:
for Devonport, 1854-9, attacked Lord
Cuillier a Frenchman went out to India
: : Dalhousie's administration, and spoke g
I
constantly on Indian subjects Member 1886 C.S.I., and
:
: knighted in 1887
of the Council of India, 1859-82 Privy Baronet, 1890
:
Member of the Governor-
:
Councillor, 1882 died April 22, 1882. :

General's Legislative Council, 1886 died :
He wrote on Indian Law and other sub- Feb. 1901.

jects Cases illustrative of Oriental Life, A
:
Bird's eye View of India. PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANACKJI,

BARONET (1873- )
PETERSON, PETER (1847-1899) Born June 7, 1873 son of Framji :
Son of John Peterson

born Jan. 12, : Dinshaw Petit succeeded his grand-
:
1847: educated at Edinburgh University, father, the first Baronet, 1901 Delegate :
Lincoln and Balliol Colleges, Oxford : of the Parsi Chief Matrimonial Court :
Boden Sanskrit scholar, 1870 went : Chairman and Member of managing
to Bombay in the Education Depart- committees of all the principal Parsi
ment, 1873 Professor of Sanskrit at
: charitable institutions of Bombay : a
Elphinstone College Registrar of the : cotton mill-owner and merchant.
University found many valuable San-
:
skrit MSS. edited Sanskrit works, and

: PETRIE, WILLIAM ( ? -1816)
studied Jain literature D.Sc. of Edin- :
Appointed a
1765 writer,
Factor, :
burgh, 1883 Secretary and President
:
1771 Junior Merchant, 1874
: Senior :
of the R.A.S., Bombay, 1895 contributed :
Merchant, 1778 to England, 1778
:
to its Journals and to the I-R.A.S. on

Member of Council, Madras, (the dates
Sanskrit subjects wrote for the Times of :
of his appointments being variously
India died at Bombay, Aug. 28, 1899.
:
given), about 1790-1800 also President :
of the Board of Revenue acted for three

PETHERAM, SIR WILLIAM COMER :
months as Governor of Madras, 1807 :

(1836- )
Governor of Prince of Wales' Island,
Bom 1835 son of William Petheram :
:
1809, where he died, 181 6.
called to the bar at the Middle Temple,
1869 Q.C., 1880 Chief Justice of N.W.P.,
: :
PEYTON, FRANCIS (1823-1905)
1884: Chief Justice of Bengal, 1886-96:
Born May 1823 son of Rev.
27, :
Vice-Chancellor of the Calcutta University

Algernon Peyton educated at Eton : :
for two years wrote law books. :

entered the Army, 1841 served in China :
war, 1842 Panjab campaign, 1848 :

:
PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANACKJI, at the forcing of the Kohat Pass, 1850 :
BARONET (1823-1901) j in the Peshawar expeditionary force under
Born June 30, 1823 =son of Manackj Sir Sydney Cotton on the Yusafzai
Nasserwanji Petit : educated at Sykes' frontier, and at Sitana, 1858 in the :
School, Bombay : adopted, like his mutiny in the Peshawar Division com- :
father a commercial career, and became manded Lichfield District, 1878 Shorn- :
broker to European firms during the : cliffe Camp, 1877 2nd and 3rd Brigades
:
period of speculation in Bombay in 1864, at Aldershot, 1877-81 Lt-General : :
etc., he acquired great wealth erected : C.B. : died Feb. 1905.

the Manackji Petit Spinning and Weaving
Mill, and became the chief shareholder,
PHAYRE, SIR ARTHUR PURVES
(1812-1885)
agent and Director in five other mills, also a
Director of the Bank of Bombay and of Born May 7, 1812 son of Richard :
various Companies a member of Parsi : Phayre educated at Shrewsbury

: en- :
Societies, of the Bombay Royal Asiatic tered the Bengal Army, 1828 served in :
Society J.P. and Member of Bombay

: : the administration of Burma, 1834-48 :
Municipal Corporation in his phil- : in the Panjab, 1848-9 Commissioner of :
anthropy he spent large sums on public Arakan, 1849, and of Pegu, 1852 read :
and private charities and charitable the Proclamation announcing the annexa-
institutions, including Towers of Silence tion of the new territory Interpreter to :
and Fire Temples for his co-religionists, a the King of Burma's mission to the
Hospital for animals, a College for Females, Governor-General, 1854, to whom Dal-
the Petit Hospital, gifts of land to Govern- housie said "As long as the sun shines in
:
ment, etc., etc. : Sheriff of Bombay, the heavens, the British flag shall wave
over those possessions " led a mission to : marine left the sea about 1830, and
:
the Burmese Court at Amarapura, 1855 : became Curator of the Museum of Econo-
Lt-Colonel, 1859 joined the Bengal : mic Geology, and Assistant Secretary of
Staff Corps, 1861 the first Chief Com- : the Asiatic Society, at Calcutta wrote :
missioner of British Burma, 1862-7 : papers on meteorology and the storms in

C.B., 1863 went on two other missions:
: the Indian seas, and collected a quantity
in 1862 and 1866, to Mandalay, then in of information on storms wrote The :
Upper Burma K.C.S.I., 1867 Lt- : : Sailor's Horn-book for the Law of Storms,
General, 1877 Governor of the Mauritius, : 1848 suggested the term " cyclone "
:
1874-8 G.C.M.G., 1878

: wrote his : for rotatory storms was President of :
History of Burma, 1883, a work on Burmese the Marine Court of Enquiry at Calcutta,
coins, and papers for the Asiatic and and Coroner died at Calcutta, April 7,:
Royal Geographical Societies died Dec. : 1858.

14. 1885,
PIERSON, WILLIAM HENRY
IPHAYRE, SIR ROBERT (1820-1897) (1839-1881)
Born Jan. 22, 1820 son of Richard :
Son of Charles Pierson born Nov. 23, :
Phayre, and brother of Sir Arthiu: P. 1839 : educated at Southampton, Chelten-

Phayre {q.v.) educated at Shrewsbury : :
ham, Addiscombe gained great dis- :
entered the E. I. Co.'s service, 1839, in tinction to India in the Engineers,

:
Bombay in the first Afghan war in

: :
i860 saw service in Sikhim, 1861
: was :
Beluchistan in the Sind campaign,

:
in the Indo-European telegraph, 1863-73 :
1843 at Miani
: in the Persian war, :
designed and constructed the residence of
1857 Q.M.G. of the Bombay Army, in
:
the British Legation at Teheran Secretary :
the mutiny, 1857-68 Major, Bombay Staff :

to the Indian Defence Committee, 1877,
Corps, 1861 Q.M.G. in Abyssinia C.B. : :
for the defences of Indian Ports Military :
A.D.C. to Queen Victoria commanded :

Secretary in Aug. 1880 to the Marquis of
the Sind frontier force, 1868-72 Resident :
Ripon, when Viceroy and Governor-
at Baroda, 1873 charged the Gaekwar :
General Major, 1881 :commanded the :
with maladministration Phayre's life :

R.E. in the Mahsud-Waziri expedition :
attempted by poison, Nov. 9, 1874 the '•
died at Bannu, June 2, 1881 he had a :
Gaekwar was tried and deposed, 1875 :

reputation for versatile talents as an
Phayre returned to military employ :
artist, engineer and architect.
commanded the Reserve Division in the
Afghan war, 1879-80: K.C.B., 1881 : PIGOT, GEORGE, BARON (1719-1777)
commandted a Division of the Bombay I.C.S. : Governor born March 4, :
Army, 1881-6 retired, 1886 General, : :

son of Richard Pigot went to
1 719 : :
1889 G.C.B., 1894

: died Jan. 28, 1897. :
Madras in the E. I. Co.'s Civil Service,
PHEAR, SIR JOHN BUDD (1825-1905) 1737 was factor, junior merchant, senior
:
merchant in Council, and rose to be

:
Born Feb. 1825 son of Rev. J. 9, :

Governor of Madras, Jan. 14, 1755, to Nov.
Phear educated privately and at Pem-
:
14, 1763 defended Madras against the
:
broke College, Cambridge 6th Wrangler, :

French, 1758-9 resigned, and returned :
1847 Fellow and Lecturer, Clare College,

:
to England, made a Baronet in
1765 :
Cambridge Senior Moderator,

: 1856 :
1764 M.P. for WalUngford and Bridg-
:
called to the bar at the Inner Temple, north made an Irish Peer, 1766 LL.D.,
: :
1854 :wrote law books Puisne Judge :

Cambridge, 1769 again became Governor :
of the High Court, Calcutta, 1864-76 and C. in C, Madras, Dec. 11, 1775 and :
Chief Justice of Ceylon, 1877-9 knighted '

set himself to repress malpractices :
unsuccessful candidate for Parliament reinstated the Raja of Tanjore, in April,

author of The Aryan Village in India and 1776 disputes arose between Pigot and
:
Ceylon, International Trade, etc. D.L. :

his council regarding the claims of Paul
and J. P. died April 7, 1905.
:
Benfield on the Tanjore revenues, and the
restoration of the Raja Pigot suspended
PIDDINGTON, HENRY
:
(1797-1858)
two Members of Council, and ordered
Son of James Piddington born 1797 : :
the arrest of the Commandant, Sir
was a Commander in the mercantile Robert Fletcher the Council retaliated, :
337
and on Aug. had Pigot arrested,
24, 1776, 1782: Prime Minister, 1783-1801,
taken to St. Thomas' Mount and kept in and
1804-6. His influence on Indian
confinement, where he died May 11, 1777. affairs
was exerted on several occasions.
The Court of Proprietors of theE. I. Co. His
firstIndia Bill was rejected by 8
in London voted in Pigot's favour, and votes on
Jan. 23, 1784 his second Bill, passed
:
eventually, with the concurrence of the May 18, 1784, as the Statute 24 Geo. Ill,
Court of Directors, Pigot was ordered to c. 25, established the
Board of Control,
be restored to his Governorship, with commonly called the India Board,
to
instructions to resign directly. But he consist of Commissioners for the
affairs of
had meanwhile died. Four Members of India, with very extensive
powers. The
Council were tried in England for his Home Government of India nominally
arrest and fined £1,000 each. passed from the E. I. Co. to the
Crown :
but the Statute left large powers to

the
PISCHEL, KARL RICHARD Court of Directors. The complex system
(1849- ) of Government thus created endured until
Born Jan. 1849 son of Ernst 18, :
1858. When the Opposition attacked
Pischel educated at Breslau and Berlin
: :
Warren Hastings in
1786, Pitt voted
studied in London and Oxford, 1872-3 silently against the Rohilla charge,
:
June 2,
Professor of Sanskrit at the University of but spoke and voted, June 13, for the
Kiel, 1875-85 at Halle, 1 885-1902 has
: :
Benares charge again, for the charge
:
held the same position at the University relating to the Begams of Oudh
this :
of Berlin since 1902 in 1901 obtained vote, as Lord Rosebery has pointed
:
out,
the Volney Prize from the French Aca- made the impeachment of W. Hastings
demy became Privy Councillor in 1904. inevitable, and it was carried out.
: He
His chief works are Kalidasa's Sakun- :
passed also the Act of 1786, which gave
tala, the Bengali Recension edited, 1877 the Governor-General power to over -ride
;
Hemacandra's Grammatik der Prakrit- his Council,and he passed the Declaratory

sprachen, 1877, 1880 The Desinamamala ;
Act of 1788, which required the Board of
of Hemacdndra, 1880 The Theri-Gatha, ;
Control to maintain a permanent body of
1883 Rudrata's Sringaratilaka, 1886
:
troops out of the funds of the E.I. Co. :
;
Vedische Studien, (published together died Jan. 23, 1806.

with Geldner), 1889-1901 and a Prakrit ;
grammar, 1900 is a member of several :

PLATTS, JOHN THOMPSON
learned Societies, including the Royal (1830-1904)
Asiatic Society, the American Oriental Inspector of Schools in the Central
Society, the Royal Academy of Sciences Provinces during the mutiny: Head
at Berlin, etc., and corresponding member Master of the Benares College returned :
of others. to England, from ill-health Teacher of :
Persian at Oxford, 1880 examined in :
PITMAN, CHARLESJEDWARD Hindustani at the Indian Civil Service

(1845- ) examinations published an Urdu-English
:
Born May 14, 1845 son of Capt. J. C. :

dictionary, and part of a Persian grammar
Pitman, R.N. educated at Royal Naval
:
translated many Persian works died :
School joined Indian Telegraph Depart-

:
Sep. 1904 buried at Oxford, Sep. 26.
:
ment, 1868 served in Lushai expedition,

:
1871-2 Afghan war, 1878-80

: Tirah : PLAYFAIR, SIR HUGH LYON
expedition, 1897-8 Director-General, : (1786-1861)
Indian Telegraph Department, 1899 :
Son of Dr. James Playfair born :
retired, 1900 CLE., 1880. :

Nov. 17, 1786 educated at Dundee, St.
:
Andrews, Edinburgh, Woolwich entered :
PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806) the E. I. Co.'s Bengal Artillery, 1804 to :
Second son of first Earl of Chatham : India, 1805 saw general service in India,
:
bom May 28, 1759 educated privately '

up country in the Nipal war, 1814-5, in
:
and at Pembroke College, Cambridge : the bombardment and capture of Kalunga :
called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1780 : Captain, 1818 Superintendent of the
:
M.P. for Appleby, 1781 for Cambridge, : great military road and postal department
1784 : Chancellor of the Exchequer, from Calcutta to Benares commanded :
the Artillery at Dumdum retired, :
Under Secretary to the Government of
1834 Provost of St. Andrew's, 1842-61 :
:
India, Home
Department, 1872 and in :
revived and established the Golf Club : the Foreign Department, 1877 Resident, :
LL.D. and knighted, 1856 died Jan. 12, :

Turkish Arabia, 1880 Consul-General, :
1861. Bagdad, 1880 Commissioner of Ajmir, :
1885 Resident in Mewar, 1885

: in
PLAYFAIR, SIR PATRICK
:
(1852- )
Kashmir, 1886 Commissioner of Hydera- :
Son of Patrick Playfair educated at : bad Assigned Districts, 1888-91 Resident :
Loretto, and Glasgow University partner : at Hyderabad, 1891-1900 retired :
in firm of Barry & Co., merchants, C.S.I., 1893 K.C.S.L, 1898 died Nov.
: :
Calcutta has been President and Vice-

:
5' 1905-
President of the Bengal Chamber of
Commerce, and Member of the Bengal Leg- PLOWDEN, SIR WILLIAM CHICHELE
islative Council Additional Member of:
(1832- )
the Governor-General's Legislative Coun-
cil, 1893-7 Sheriff of Calcutta, 1896
:
son of William Chichele Plowden,
I.C.S. :
K.B., 1897.
F.R.S. educated at Harrow and Hailey-
:
bury went to the Upper Provinces in

:
the Civil Service, 1852 in the mutiny,

PLAYFAIR, SIR ROBERT LAMBERT
:
1857, was at Umbala, and in political

(1828-1899)
charge of cavalry about Umbala, Meerut,
Born 1828 son of George Playfair,
: Jalandhar, Saharanpur Secretary, Board :
Inspr-General of Hospitals in Bengal of Revenue, N.W.P. Census Commis- :
joined the Madras Artillery, 1846 and : sioner for India, 1881 Member of Gover- :
the Staff Corps, 1861 Lt-Colonel, 1867 : : nor-General's Legislative Council re- :
Executive Engineer and Assistant Political tired, 1885 M.P. for Wolverhampton,
:
Resident at Aden, 1852-62 assisted in : 1886-92 K.C.S.L, 1886. :
suppressing the slave trade, and in the

occupation of Perim, 1857 wrote the :
POCOCK, SIR GEORGE (1706-1792)
History of Arabia Felix or Yemen from the
'*
Commencement Era Son of Rev. Thomas Pocock, F.R.S. :
of the Christian to the

born March 6, 1706 entered the Navy, :
Present 1859Time,
F.R.G.S., i860 : :
1 71 8, under his uncle, the first Lord

Political Agent at Zanzibar, 1862 Consul- :
General in Algeria, 1867 Torrington served in a number of

:
wrote works on :
ships in the West Indies

: in command :
Algeria, Tripoli, Cyrenaica, Morocco,
of the Leeward Islands station, 1747-8 :
Tunisia, and books of travel : The Story
of the Occupation of Persia: 1886: K.C.M.G.,
went out to India in 1754 Rear Admiral, :
1886 : LL.D. St. Andrew's, 1899 died :

1755, second in command to Admiral C.
Feb. 18, 1899. Watson {q.v.), whom he succeeded in
1757, and held the command until i759 =
fought two naval actions in 1758-9 with

PLOWDEN, SIR HENRY MEREDYTH the French, off the Coromandel coast,
(1840- )
without definite results returned to :
Born 1840 son of George Augustus

:
England, 1760 K.B. and Admiral, 1761 : :
Chichele Plowden educated at Harrow, :

took Havana, 1762 retired, 1766 died : :
and Trinity College, Cambridge in the :

April 3, 1792.
Harrow XL 1858 Cambridge Cricket :
XI, 1860-3 Captain, 1862-3 : called to =

POGSON, N. R. (1828P-1891)
the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1866 Govern- :
ment Advocate at Lahore, 1876-7 Senior GovernmentAstronomer at Madras

:
Observatory held the post from 1861 : :

Judge of Chief Court, Panjab, 1880-94 -
K.B., 1887.
made important contributions to astrono-
mical knowledge and literature, as gained
from observations at the Madras Obser-
PLOWDEN, SIR TREVOR JOHN vatory discovered 8 minor planets and
:
CHICHELE (1846-1905) 20 new variable stars, and acquired much

I.C.S. : born 1846 : son of Trevor additional information regarding the
Chichele Plowden educated at Win-
: fixed stars died at Madras, June 23,
:
chester : went out to Bengal, 1868 : 1891 : CLE.

339
POLE-CAREW, SIR REGINALD Europe, 1788 to Avignon, 1792 through
:
:
(1849- his Oriental display of wealth

) he was
Born May i, 1849 son of W. H. Pole- :
attacked by robbers, and murdered, Feb.
Carew educated at Eton and Christ
: 9, 1795 collected MSS.
:
the first Euro- :
Church, Oxford served in the Cold- :

pean who succeeded in obtaining a com-
stream Guards, 1869-go was Private :
plete copy of the Vedas the Pote :
Secretary to Sir Hercules Robinson in collection at Eton College was mainly

N. S. Wales, 1876-7 A.D.C. to Lord :
made by him.
Lytton, Viceroy of India, 1878-9 :
A.D.C. to Sir F. Roberts in the Afghan POLLOCK, SIR DAVID (1780-1847)

war, 1879-80 A.D.C. to H.R.H. the Duke
: Son David Pollock
of brother of Sir :
of Connaught in Egypt, 1882 Military :

George (q.v.), and Sir J. F. born Sep. 2, :
Secretary to Sir F. Roberts when C. in C, 1780 educated at St. Paul's School, and
:
Madras, 1884-5, and C. in C, India, at Edinburgh University called to the :
1885-90 commanded the Coldstream

:
bar from the Middle Temple, 1803
Guards, 1895-9 commanded the Guards : Recorder of Maidstone, 1808K.C., 1833: :
Brigade in South Africa, 1900 pro- :

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
moted to Maj-General K.C.B. in :
Bombay, 1846, and knighted died there :
1900. May 22, 1847.

POLEHAMPTON, REV. HENRY POLLOCK, SIR FREDERICK
STEDMAN (1824-1857) RICHARD (1827-1899)
Son of the Rev. Edward Polehampton :
Son of Sir F. Pollock, Bart., Lord
J.
born Feb. i, 1824 educated at Eton, :
Chief Baron : educated at King's College
and Pembroke College, Oxford Fellow : :
School entered the 49th Bengal N.I.,
:
ordained, 1848 Rector of St. Aldate's,

: 1844 present as Political Officer at the
:
Oxford Chaplain in the E. I. Co. service,

:
sieges of Multan in the Panjab campaign,
1855 went out to Calcutta, 1856
:
:
1848-9 in several frontier expeditions
: :
Chaplain at Lucknow in the Residency :

Commissioner of Peshawar : on the
during the siege in 1857 wounded :
Seistan Boundary Commission, 1872, as
died from cholera, July 20, 1857 his :
Maj-General K.C.S.I., 1873 retired,
: :
letters and diary were published in 1859. 1879 died Dec. 24, 1899.
:
POLIER, ANTOINE LOUIS HENRI POLLOCK, SIR GEORGE, BARONET

(1741-1795) (1786-1872)
Born at Lausanne, Feb. 1741 son of : Field Marshal : son of David Pollock
Jacques H. E. Poller of French extrac- : of Charing Cross, saddler to Geo. Ill :
tion naturalized in Switzerland

: went : born June 1786 educated at Vauxhall
4, :
out to India, i757 entered the service of : and the R.M.A., Woolwich joined the :
the English Co. was Assistant

E. I. : E. L Co.'s Bengal Artillery in 1803 in :
Engineer at Calcutta, and in 1762 Chief Lord Lake's Army against Holkar, in
Engineer, as Captain his post was given : 1804: was at the siege and occupation
to an English officer, but restored- to him of Deeg, Dec. 25, 1804 at the siege :
after an during which he saw

interval, of Bhartpur, 1805 commanded the :
active service under Clive. Further pro- Artillery in the Nipal war, 1814-5, in one
motion being refused to him, on account of the Divisions Brig-Major of the :
of his nationality, he resigned, 1776, and Bengal Artillery Brevet-Major, 1819 : :
by Hastings' help entered the service of in the Burmese war of 1824-6, command-
the Nawabs of Oudh, Shuja and Asaf- ing Artillery, at Prome, Maloun, and
ud-daula as architect and engineer was : Yandaboo C.B. Brig-General at Dina-
: :
driven thence by the enmity of the pur, 1838 commanded Agra District
:
Council served the Mogul Emperor at

: Maj-General, 1838 at Peshawar in Feb. :
Delhi in a military command Hastings : 1842, in command of the expedition to

appointed him Lt-Colonel, with leave to relieve Sale at Jalalabad, forced the
reside at Lucknow where he wrote : Khyber with his Army of Retribution, and
historical memoirs, and studied Hindu relieved Sale on April 16 when ordered :
mythology and poetry returned to : by Lord Ellenborough to withdraw from

Afghanistan, he remonstrated, and was Bangalore, as Warden
of Bishop Cotton
allowed to advance at his own discretion, Schools, 1870-80
Manchester, 1880-3 ' :
and with Nott to retire to India " by way Diocesan Secretary S.P.G., Oxford, 1883 :
of Kabul " he defeated the Afghans at : University Lecturer in Tamil and Telugu,
Mamu Kheyl, J agdalak, Tezin entered : Oxford author and editor of a large
:
Kabul on Sep. i6, where Nott joined him number of Tamil books, including The
directly the British captives, officers,
: Poets of the Tamil Lands.
women and children, in the hands of
Akbar Khan, came from Bamian into POPHAM, SIR HOME RIGGS
Pollock's camp on Sep. 22 finally defeat- : (1762-1820)
ed the Afghans at Istalif on Sep. 29 :
Born Oct. son of Stephen

1762
12, :
destroyed the Kabul bazar, leaving the

Popham : educated at Westminster and
city, Oct. 12, to return to India Lord :
Cambridge entered the Navy, 1778
: :
EUenborough received the victorious

served at Cape St. Vincent, in the W.
army at Firozpur on Dec. 19 Pollock was :
Indies, Kafraria in 1787 sailed from :
made G.C.B. and given the command of a Ostend, commanding a merchant ship, to
Division acting Resident at Lucknow,
surveyed New Harbour in the
:
India :
1843 Military Member of the Supreme

:
Hughli for a dockyard from Calcutta :
Council, from Sep. 20, 1844, to March 31,

sailed to Pulo Penang, and took the
1847, when he resigned the E. I. Co. :
Company's fleet to China his ship was :
gave him a pension of £1,000 a year :
seized at Ostend for trading contrary to

Lt-General, 185 1 Government Director :
the E. I. Co.'s charter served in Flanders : :
of the E. I. Co., 1854 General, 1859 : :

conveyed troops from the Cape and India
K.C.S.I., 1861 G.C.S.I., 1866 Field : :
to Egypt further employed in India
: :
Marshal, 1870 Constable of the Tower :
" charges against him of wasteful expendi-

of London, 1871 Baronet of the :
ture were disproved Naval Commander :
Khyber Pass " in 1872 died Oct. 6, :

of an expedition to the Cape in 1806
1872 buried in Westminster Abbey.
:
severely reprimanded by court martial
for leaving the Cape Captain of the :
POLLOCK, JOHN ARCHIBALD Fleet at Copenhagen, 1807 Rear Admiral, :
HENRY ( ? - )
1814 K.C.B., 1815
: C. in C. on the :
Entered the Indian Army, 1874, and Jamaica station, 1817-20 F.R.S., 1799 : :
became Lt-Colonel, 1900 served in : died Sep. 20, 1820.

Jowaki-Afridi expedition, 1877-8 Af- :
ghan war, 1878-9 Mahsud-Waziri ex- : POPHAM, WILLIAM (1740-1821)

pedition, 1881 Tirah expedition, 1897- :
Brother of Admiral Sir Home R. Pop-
8 : China expedition, igoo Brevet- :
ham {q.v.) in the 84th regt. : under :
Colonel : C.B., 1903. Draper at the capture of Manilla joined :
the Bengal Army as Captain, 1768 sent :
PONTIFEX, SIR CHARLES (1831- )

with a force, in 1779, to assist the Rana
Born June 5, 1831 son of John Ponti- : of Gohud against the Mahrattas took :
fex educated at Trinity College, Cam-

: from Sindia the fort of Gwalior by surprise
bridge Captain of
: the Cambridge and escalade, Aug. 3, 1780 on the :
University Cricket XI, 1853 called to : rebellion of Chait Singh, Popham took
the bar at the Inner Temple, 1854 : the hill fort of Bijaighar Lt-Colonel, :
Puisne Judge of the High Court, Calcutta, 1782 Maj-General, 1795

: at the sieges :
1872-82 Legal Adviser to Secretary of

: of Seringapatam under Cornwallis, 1791-2,
State for India. 1882-92 K.C.I.E., : and General Harris, 1799 Lt-General, :
1892. 1802 died Feb. 20, 1821.

:
POPE, REV. DR. G. U. (1820- )

PORTER, RIGHT REV. GEORGE,
D.D. (1825-1889)
Born April 24, 1820 son of John :
Pope educated at Bury and Hoxton

: : First Catholic Archbishop of Bombay :
worked in South Indian Missions at : of Scotch extraction born Aug. 27, 1825:
:
Tinnevelly, 1839-49 in England, 1849- : entered the Society of Jesus, Sep. 1841 7, :
51 Tanjore, 1852-60
: Ootacamund, as : nominated Archbishop the of Bombay :
Principal of Grammar School, 1860-70 : first to fill that post in the newly con-
•stituted Catholic hierarchy in India, POTTINGER, SIR HENRY (1789-1856)

Dec. 21, 1886 arrived in India, Feb. 14,
:
and consecrated at Allahabad, Feb. 27,

Lt-General and Political bom Oct. 3, :
1789 son of Eldred Curwen Pottinger

: :
1887 being sent to a tropical climate at
:
educated at Belfast went to sea and to :
so advanced an age (61), he soon suc-

India to join the marine service, but
cumbed to the climate and died, Sep. 28, entered the Army in Bombay in 1806 :
1889 buried in the cemetery at Sewree

: :
was sent on a Mission to Sind in 1808, and
his remains were translated to the Bombay
in 1 8 10 went in disguise through Sind to
•Cathedral a collection of his private
:
Kelat, Nushki, Shiraz, Ispahan, returning
letters written from India was published
via Bagdad and Bussora to Bombay
in England.
served at Poona and Cutch Lt-Colonel, :
1829 again sent on a Mission to Sind,

:
PORTER, WILLIAM ARCHER 1831, and Political Agent there, 1836-

(1824-1890) 40 :made Baronet on April 27, 1840, for
services in the first Afghan war became :
Son Rev. James Porter, of the

of Maj -General. In 1841 he was sent to
Presbyterian Church in Ireland educated :
China as Envoy, and made the Nanking
at Glasgow and Cambridge Universities treaty of peace, 1842 was made G.C.B. : :
third Wrangler Fellow and Tutor of:

Governor of Hongkong, 1843-4 Privy :
Peterhouse, Cambridge Barrister-at-law : :

Councillor, 1844 Governor of the Cape :
Principal of Kombakonam College, Madras, of Good Hope, 1846-7, and Governor of

1863-78 Tutor and Secretary to the
:
Madras, 1848-54 died March 18, :
Maharaja of Mysore, 1878-85 died :

1856 wrote Travels in Beluchistan and
:
1890. Sind.
POTTINGER, ELDRED (1811-1843) POWELL, EYRE BURTON (1819-1904)

Major : born Aug. son of 12, 181 1 : Born 1819 : son of E. B. Powell
Thomas Pottinger educated at Addis-: educated at Pembroke College, Cam-
'combe went to Bombay in the Artillery,
: bridge Senior Wrangler went to Madras,
: :
1827: became Assistant to his uncle. Sir 1848, to take charge of the new High
H. Pottinger (q.v.), then Resident in SinS : School was made Principal of the Presi-
:
sent in 1837 to explore and obtain infor- dency College Director of Public In- :
mation in Central Asia he arrived at : struction, Madras, 1862-75 retired •
Kabul disguised as a horse-dealer, later C.S.I. 1866 died Nov. 10, 1904
,
his : :
assumed a religious garb reached Herat : statue erected at the Presidency College.
in 1837. The Shah of Persia unsuccess-
fully besieged Herat, from Nov. 23, 1837 POWIS, EDWARD, SECOND LORD
to Sep. 9, 1838 during this time Pottinger
:
CLIVE, and FIRST EARL OF
•openly assisted the Afghans. His skill, (1754- 1839)
vigour, and personal courage in its defence son
Governor born March 7. i754 : :
saved the city. He was afterwards of the Lord Clive succeeded his
first :
appointed Political Agent at Herat :

M.P. for Ludlow English
father, 1774 : :
made C.B. He was in the Kohistan Peer, 1794 Governor of Madras, as Lord
:
above Kabul in 1841 when the Afghans Clive, Sep. i799 to Aug. 1803 thanked :
rose : he escaped to Charikar and Kabul. 1804, for his services in the
by Parliament,
When the capitulation to the Afghans was Mahratta war : P.C. and created Earl of
made, against his advice, he was one of the Powis and Viscount CUve, 1804 nomin- :
three hostages left with Akbar Khan, and ated Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but did
was in captivity for 9 months, until the relief not take up the appointment remarkable :
"by General Pollock in Sep. 1842. He was died May 16, 1839.
for his physical vigour :
brought before a Court of Inquiry in

1842-3, for drawing Bills for 19 lakhs in
PRAIN, DAVID (1857- )
favour of the Afghans, and for signing a
treaty, but was completely exonerated. Educated at Fettercairn, Aberdeen,
and Universities of Aberdeen and
On a visit to his uncle in China, he died
from fever at Hongkong, Nov. 15, 1843 : Edinburgh entered the Indian Medical
:
Service, 1884 Curator of Calcutta

C.B. :
Herbarium, Professor of Bo- 1887 : Q.M.G., commanded the British Bur-
tany, 1895 Director
Calcutta, of : ma Division, 1883 Hyderabad Sub- :
Botanical Survey of India Superinten- : sidiary Force, 1884 Burma expedi- :
dent of Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta : tion, 1885-6 Officiating Resident in :
author of numerous monographs on Travancore and Cochin, 1887 Officiating :
botanical and other scientific subjects. Resident Mysore, 1887 Governor-

in :
General's Agent in Baroda, 1889 Officiat- :
ing Governor-General's Agent in Beluchis-

PRATT, HENRY MARSH (1838- )
tan, 1889 Officiating Resident in Mysore^
:
Born Oct. 1838 Colonel son of 24, : :

1891-2 K.C.B., 1885
: G.C.B., 1902. :
Rev. William Pratt educated at Marl- :
borough joined the Indian Army, 1856

: :
PRENDERGAST, SIR JEFFERY
served in China campaign, i860 Taku :
(1769-1856)
Forts and Pekin Afghan war, 1878-80, :
Son of Thomas Prendergast born :

in the march from Kabul to Kandahar,
1769 given an appointment in S.Domingo
:
and battle of Kandahar Brevet - Lt- :
at the age of 15, he was captured en route,.

Colonel commanded column in Black
:
taken to France, but escaped to England :
Mountain expedition, 1888 C.B., 1889 : :
retired.
became a cadet in the E. I. Co.'s Mihtary
Service went to Madras
: served in the :
PRATT, VENBLE. JOHN HENRY Madras Fusiliers in Mysore and at Seringa-

( ? -1871) patam, 1779 was on the guard placed :
over Tippoo's body A.D.C. to General :
Educated at Caius College, Cambridge

(Lord) Harris at Madras stationed at :
B.A., 1833 third Wrangler in 1838

: :
Fort St. George, rose to be MilitaryAuditor-
appointed Chaplain on the E. I. Co.'s
General absent from Europe for 40
:
establishment Archdeacon of Calcutta, :

years knighted died at Brighton, July,
: :
1850 author of Mathematical Principles

:
1856.
of Mechanical Philosophy and Scripture
and Science not at Variance died at
Ghazipur, Dec. 28, 1871
:
PRENDERGAST, THOMAS (1806-1886)
described as :
" a quiet, earnest worker, solitary in his son of Sir Jeffery Prendergast :
I.C.S. :
habits, incessant in his labours, a wise born 1806 educated at Haileybury, 1825-
:
counsellor in times of difficulty, a gifted 6 : entered the E. I. Co.'s Madras Civil

mathematician, and an ardent though Service, 1826 Magistrate and Collector :
undemonstrative controversialist." of Ganjam retired, 1859 became blind :

: :
puhhshedThe Mastery System of Languages,

PREIJDERGAST, SIR HARRY NORTH or the Art of speaking Foreign Languages
DALYRMPLE (1834- ) idiomatically, and manuals for several
languages on his system, which he
Bom Oct. 15, 1834 son :of Thomas
had applied to the Madras vernaculars :
Prendergast, M.C.S. : educated at Chelten-
died Nov. 14, 1886.
ham and Addiscombe entered the Indian :
Engineers in Madras, 1854 became :
General, 1887 served in the Persian war, :

PRETYMAN, SIR GEORGE TINDAL
(1845-
1857 in the Indian mutiny, 1857-8
: in :
)
the Central India Field Force severely : Born March i, 1845 son of Rev. J. R. :
wounded gained the V.C. on Nov. 21,

: Pretyman educated at Wimbledon and
:
1857, at Mandiswar, saving the life of Lt. Woolwich joined the R.A., 1865 served
: :
Dew, 14th Light Dragoons, at the risk of in Canada during Fenian raids, 1866 and
his own, by attempting to cut down a 1870: A.D.C. to General Roberts during
rebel : also for gallantry in actions, when Afghan war, 1878-80 in the Kabul- :
A.D.C. to Sir Rose, at Ratghar and Hugh Kandahar march Brevet-Major and Lt- :
Betwa severely: wounded Brevet- : Colonel : Military Secretary to Sir F.

Major in Abyssinian war, 1867-8
: : Roberts as C. in C. Madras, 1881-4 :
Brevet - Colonel commanded Sappers : A.A.G. for R.A. in India, 1887-9 com-
in Indian expedition to Malta, 1878 : manded second class District, Bengal,
acted as Military Secretary to Government 1889-94 Maj-General, 1897
: Comman- :
of Madras commanded Western Dis-

: dant, Headquarters, S. Africa, 1899-
trict, 1880 Ceded Districts, 1881
: as : 1900: commanded Kimberley District
343
190 r : commanding first-class District, PRIMROSE, SIR HENRY WILLIAM
India : C.B., 1896 : K.C.M.G., 1900. (1846- )
Born Aug. 1846 son of Hon. B. F.

22,
PRICE, DAVID (1762-1835)
:
Primrose educated at Glenahnond and

:
Major born 1762 educated at Breck-

: : Balliol College, Oxford: entered the
nock, and Jesus College, Cambridge Sizar : Treasury, 1869 Private Secretary to :
enlisted in the E. I. Co.'s service went : Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India, 1880-4 =
to India, 1781 served under Sir Hector

: C.S.I. Private Secretary to Mr. Gladstone,
:
Munro in Madras and against Tippoo up to 1886 Chairman, Board of Customs,

:
1783 at the siege of Dharwar, Feb. 1791,

: 1895-9 Chairman, Board of Inland
:
lost a leg: Judge Advocate of the Bom- Revenue, since 1899 K.C.B., 1899. :
bay Army, 1795 served in Poona, Surat, :
Seringapatam, and Malabar in 1797-8 :

PRIMROSE, JAMES MAURICE
studied Persian collected MSS. at Surat :
(1819-1892)
Persian Translator to General James General educated : Sandhurst at
Stuart (q.v.) in the Mysore war left India, :
joined the Army, 1837 with the 43rd :
1805 wrote works on Indian, Persian

:
regt. in the Kafir war, 1 851-3 in the :
and Arabian History, including A Chrono- mutiny, at Kirwi and other engagements,
Muhammadan History,
logical Retrospect of 1857-8 held a command at Aldershot :
:
181 1-2 1 Autobiography of the Emperor

; in the Afghan war, 1879-80 commanded :
lehangir, 1829 Autobiographical Memoirs,

; the first Division of the Kandahar Field
published 1839 gold medallist of the : Force, 1879, and the whole force in suc-
Oriental Translation Committee: M.R.A.S.: cession to Sir D. M. Stewart {q.v.) in 1880 :
M.R.S.L. died Dec. 16, 1835. : besieged at Kandahar by Ayub Khan
after Maiwand, 1880 died Nov. 25, 1892: :
PRICE, SIR JOHN FREDERICK C.S.I.

(1839- )
PRINGLE, A. T. (about 1852-1904)
I.C.S. son of John Price
: born Oct- :
Assistant Secretary to the Madras

3, 1839: educated at Melbourne University:
Government, and a writer of note, whose
went to Madras in the Civil Service, 1862 :
labours and research have earned the

retired, 1897: Chief Secretary to Govern-
gratitude of many better known workers :
ment of Madras, 1888 Member of Legisla- :
he edited Hand List of Old Madras Records :

tive Council, Madras C.S.I. 1893 : , :
compiled a Catalogue of Books and Serial

K.C.S.I., 1898: translated from Tamil
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pil-
A rticles relating to Language in the Imperial
Library, Calcutta, 1899 edited the :
lai, iy36-iy6i, the confidential agent of
Diary and Consultation Book of the Agent
Dupleix.
(President) Governor and Council of Fort
St. George, 1682, 1894 died Jan. i, :
PRIDEAUX, WILLIAM FRANCIS 1904, at Madras.

(1840- )
Born April 30, 1840 son of F. W. :

PRINGLE, ROBERT KEITH
(1802-1897)
Prideaux, Revenue Secretary, India Office :
educated at Aldenham served in India : I.C.S. son of Alexander Pringle

: :
Office, 1859 joined the Bombay Army,

'• educated at the old High School, Edin-
i860, and Staff Corps, 1865 served with : burgh, and at Haileybury joined the :
Mr. Rassam's Mission to King Theodore Bombay C.S., 1820 : was Chief Secretary
of Abyssinia, 1864 : imprisoned at Magdala, to the Government of Bombay Master :
July, 1866, to April, 1868 employed : of the Mint acting Member of Council :
:
under the Foreign Office in India Acting : succeeded Sir C. Napier in the Govern-
Consul-General at Zanzibar, 1873-5 in : ment of Sind, 1847 : retired, 1854 : died
the Persian Gulf, 1876-7 Resident in : Jan. 12, 1897.
Jaipur, Oodeypur, and Kashmir Colonel, :
1890 : has published The

C.S.I. , 1895 :
PRINSEP, CHARLES ROBERT
(1790-1864)
Lay of the Himyariks, many papers on
archaeology and numismatics, besides bib- Second son of John Prinsep, brother of
liographical works. Henry Thoby Prinsep (q.v.) and James
Prinsep [q.v.) born March 28, 1790
: : PRINSEP, SIR HENRY THOBY
educated at Tunbridge and St. John's (1836- )
College, Cambridge called to the bar from :
Born 1836 son of Henry Thoby

:
the Inner Temple, 1817 practised at the :
Calcutta bar from 1824 LL.D.

Prinsep {q,v.) educated at Harrow and
:
became : :
Haileybury arrived in India on Dec. 7,

:
Standing Counsel officiated as Advocate- :
1855 Assistant Magistrate at Midnapur

:
General of Bengal, 1846, and 1849, and
during the mutiny, and as Civil Officer
held the post from 1852-5, when he
accompanied a Naval Brigade with light
retired: died June 8, 1864.
guns sent from Midnapur to join troops, to
subdue a rising among the Kols became :
PRINSEP, HENRY THOBY (1792-1878) Registrar of the Sadr Comrt in Jan. 1862,
I.C.S. son of John Prinsep, M.P.
: :
and of the High Court on its establishment
(q.v.)born July 15, 1792, at Thoby Priory,
:
on July I of the same year held several :
in Essex educated privately, at Tun-

:
temporary appointments before becoming
bridge and at the E. I. Co.'s College at a District Judge in 1867 Judicial Com- :
Hertford Castle arrived in Bengal in :

missioner in Mysore, 1875-6, officiating
1809 :became Assistant Secretary to the Judge of the Calcutta High Court, 1877,
Governor-General.the Marquis of Hastings, confirmed in 1878 he acted as Chief
:
in 1 8 14, whom he accompanied on his tour Justice in 1902 presided, in 1893-4, over
:
through Oudh, the N.W.P. and the Jury Commission, and, in 1896-8,
in the
Nipal, Pindari and Mahratta wars joined the Governor-General's Legislative
published A History of the Political and Council to assist in revising the Codes of
Military Transactions in India during Criminal and Civil Procedure knighted :
the Administration of the Marquis of in 1894, and made K.C.I. E. on retirement

in March, 1904. For 26 years he «vas
Hastings, 1823 was the first Superinten-
:
dent and Remembrancer of legal affairs :

District Grand Master of the Freemasons
inquired into Patni tenures, and, on his in Bengal, and was the last of the members
report, the famous Patni Regulation of of the Indian Civil Service educated|at
18 19 was passed Persian Secretary to :
Haileybury employed in India.
Government, 1820 Secretary, in the :
Territorial Department, 1826 Chief :

PRINSEP, JAMES (1799-1840)
Secretary, 1834 Member of the Supreme : Seventh son of John Prinsep and brother
Council, temporarily, in 1835, substan- of Charles Robert and Henry Thoby
tively, 1840-3 retired, 1843 :was unsuc- : Prinsep {q.v.) born Aug. 20, 1799 went to
: :
cessful in attempts to enter Parliament for India in 1819 as Assistant Assay-master

the Kilmarnock Burghs, Dartmouth and to the Calcutta Mint Assay-master at :
Dover M.P. for Harwich, 1850, but

: the Benares Mint, 1820-30 Deputy in :
unseated for defective property qualifica- 1830, and Assay-master, 1832-8, at the
tion, and unsuccessful at the fresh election : Calcutta Mint died April 22, 1840, from
:
became a Director of the E.I. Co., 1850: softening of the brain caused by overwork.
was one of the original members chosen At Benares, he constructed a new Mint,
by Jthe E. I. Co. for the new Council of and Church built a bridge over the
:
India in 1858, retaining the post till 1874 : Karamnassa was Member and Secretary
:
translated the Memoirs of a Pathan Soldier of the Benares Committee for public
of Fortune, the Nawab Muhammad Amir improvements established a Literary
:
Khan, 1832 wrote on The Origin of the

: Institution :published Views and Illustra-
Sikh Power in the Panjab : on Tibet, tions of Benares, 1825: at Calcutta:
Tartary and Mongolia, 1851 on the India ; contributed to and edited the Gleamings
Question in 1853, A History of the Life of of Science, which was developed into the
Ranjit Singh, Historical Results from Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,
Discoveries in Afghanistan, and published of which he was Secretary, 1832-8 also, :
the Register of the Bengal Civil Servants, at Calcutta, finished the canal, linking
1790-1842 was the chief founder of the
: the river Hughli with the Sundarbans,
Bengal Fund
Civil on his actuarial : which had been commenced by his brother,
calculations (approved by professional Captain Thomas Prinsep, Bengal Engineers,
actuaries in London) the fund was started who had died suddenly through an accident.
also wrote poetry died Feb. 11, 1878. : He devoted himself to literary and scien-
tific pursuits of many
kinds chemistry, — 1886, and K.C.I.E. in 1891. He sup-
mineralogy, meteorology, Indian inscrip ported the Turf for many years in Western
tions, numismatics and antiquities deci- ; India. He died in London, Nov. 23,
phered the Asoka edicts on pillars and rocks, 1903.
initiated projects, which were accepted,
for reforming weights and measures, and PRITCHARD, GORDON DOUGLAS
for introducing a uniform coinage of the (1835- )
Company's rupees of 1835. His essays Born April son of WiUiam

1835 22, :
on Indian subjects were collected and Waugh Pritchard: educated at King's

published in two volumes.
F.R.S., and corresponding Member of
He was College, London, and oolwich joined the W :
R.E., 1855 served in the Indian mutiny,

:
foreign learned institutions. " Prinsep's

1857-8 at the relief, siege, and capture
:
Ghat," south of Fort William, at Calcutta, of Lucknow China war, i860 : capture :
was erected by the citizens of Calcutta in of Pekin Abyssinian campaign, 1867-8

: :
his memory. led the assault at the capture of Magdala

wounded C.B., 1886 F.R.G.S. F.R.CI.
: : :
PRINSEP, JOHN (1746-1830)

Born April 23, 1746 son of Rev. John :
PRITCHARD, HURLOCK GALLOWAY
(1836- )
Prinsep, Vicar of Bicester went out to :
India as a Cadet in 1771 never joined : Born Sep. 1836 son of William 23, :
the Army resigned his Commission in

: Waugh Pritchard educated at City of :
1772 was employed in several commercial

: London School joined Madras Artillery, :
offices connected with the cotton invest- 1857 R.A., i860, and Staff Corps, 1871
: :
ment of the E. I. Co., for his knowledge became Colonel, 1887 served in part of :
and experience of cotton fabrics acquired Indian mutiny Military Secretary to :
in mercantile houses in London intro- : Lord Hobart, Governor of Madras, 1873-4 :
duced the cultivation and manufacture Accountant-General to the Government

of indigo into Bengal at a factory at of India, in the MiUtary Department,
Nilganj, near Baraset, 1779 opened a : 1886-93 C.S.I., 1893.:
copper mint at Pulta, under authority

of Government, 1780 left India, 1788
: :
PRITZLER, SIR THEOPHILUS
was one of the founders of the Westminster ( P-1839)
Life Insurance Society M.P. for Queens-:
Entered the Army, 1793 served in :
borough, 1802-6 Alderman of the City

:
Holland and Germany, 1794-5 Brevet- :
of London, 1804-9 and High Bailiff of

•
Colonel, 1814 went to India, 1814 : :
Southwark, 1817-24 died in London,

:
Brig-General in the Mahratta war, 1817-8 :
Nov. 30, 1830. in pursuit of the Peshwa : took Singhar

and Wasota, 1818, and co-operated in the
PRITCHARD, SIR CHARLES siege of Sholapur in May, 181 8, defeating
BRADLEY (1837-1903) the Mahrattas on the river Sena made :
Son the Rev. Dr. C. Pritchard,

of K.C.B., 1822 died April 12, 1839. :
Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford

born in 1837 educated at Rugby, Sher-
:
PROBYN, SIR DIGHTON MAC-
bourne, and Haileybury joined the Bom- :
NAGHTEN (1833- )
bay Civil Service in 1857. After holding Born Jan. 21, 1833 son of Capt. G. Pro- :
various minor appointments, he was byn entered the Army, 1849, and became
:
President of the Salt Commission in General, 1888 served on the Trans- :
Madras in 1876, and in 1877-8 proposed Indus Frontier, 1852-7 in the and :
a scheme for the working of the Abkari Pan jab Cavalry in the Indian mutiny,
system in Bombay. He became Com- 1857-8 distinguished for gallantry and
:
missioner of Customs, 1 881: Commissioner daring throughout the campaign, especially

of Salt Revenue, 1882 Commissioner in : at the battle of Agra the despatch :
Sind, 1887 Member of Council, Bombay,

: mentioned " only a few of the gallant
1889 : Member of the Supreme Council deeds of this brave young officer" for
(in charge of Public Works), from Nov. which he gained the V.C. China, i860 :
:
1892, to March, 1896 he was strongly: Umbeyla campaign, 1863 Comptroller :
opposed to the Cotton Duties C.S.I, in : and Treasurer of the Household of H.M.
the King, when Prince of Wales, whom he Oxford : Fellow of Queen's College :
accompanied on his Indian tour, 1875-6 : called to the bar from the Inner Temple,
C.B., 1858
K.C.S.I., 1876: K.C.B., : 1800 : Bencher of Lincoln's Inn Law :
1887 G.C.B., 1902

: G.C.V.O., 1896 : : Reporter : Chief Justice of the
K.C. :
Keeper of the Privy Purse to H.M. the Supreme Court of Calcutta knighted, :
King since 1901 P.C. : 1823 : died at Calcutta, May 26, 1824,
after a very brief tenure of his office.
PROTHEROE, MONTAGUE (1841-
1905) PURNIA ( ? -1812)
Born son of Evan Protheroe, of
1 841 :
A Brahman of the Madual sect was a :
Blackheath entered Madras N.I., 1858

:
Treasury Officer in the employ of Hyder
became Colonel, 1886 Maj -General, 1897 :
Ali in Mysore, and on Hyder's death kept
served in Abyssinian expedition, 1867-8 the Army in order until Tippoo arrived
in Afghan war, as A.D.C. to Sir Donald from Malabar was Diwan, or finance
:
Stewart, 1878-80 in the march from :

minister, to Tippoo for years and on his :
Kandahar to Kabul Burma war, 1885-7 : :

death in 1799 was retained in the post
Chin-Lushai expedition, 1889-90 D.A.G. :
under an English Resident, when the Hindu
and Q.M.G., Madras Army commanded :
dynasty was restored by Kristna Raj Wad-
Hyderabad Contingent, 1890-5 A.D.C. to :
iar, a child of three, being made Maharaja.
Queen Victoria, 1894-7 Assistant Military :
He was greatly trusted by the Residents,
Secretary for India at Headquarters, and during his administration of Mysore
1897-8 commanded Burma District,
:
the country was greatly benefited by the
1899-1903 Maj-General, 1897
: Unem- :
improvements which he introduced, while
ployed Supernumerary List, 1903 C.S.I., :
he accumulated large sums in the Treasury:
1881 C.B., 1887: died July 2, 1905.
:
he received a jagir. Kristna Raj, at the
PROUT, WALTER ROBERT age of 66, was permitted to assume the
(1821 or 2-1857) government in Dec. 181 1 Purnia, exas- :
perated at the loss of power, but unable

Major son of William Prout, M.D.,
:
on
to resist, retired to Seringapatam
F.R.S. educated at Westminster and at
:
pension, and died March 29, 18 12.

the University and Military Academy,
Edinburgh obtained a cadetship in the
:
PURNIA NARASINGHARAO KRISHNA
56th N.I, Interpreter and Adjutant
: :
MURTI, SIR (1849- )

distinguished himself at Mahar a j pur, 1843 :
his principal services were in the Derajat Born Aug. 12, 1849 fourth in direct :
with the Panjab Irregular Force, now the descent from Purnia {q.v.), the great Mysore
Panjab Frontier Force, of which he was statesman : educated at Bangalore
selected to be the first Brigade Major by B.L. of the Madras University Assistant :
the Brigadier Commanding: Major, 1856 :

Superintendent in Mysore, in 1870 :
a very promising officer died of sunstroke :
after the rendition of the State to the
while on outpost duty at Cawnpur, 1857. Maharaja in 1881, he remained in the
State service, rising to be a Judge of the
PULFORD, RICHARD RUSSELL highest Court of the Province Member :
(1845- ) of the Council of Regency, and Diwan,
Born 1845 entered the R.E., 1866,:

or Prime Minister, of Mysore in 1901 :
and became Colonel, 1895 joined Indian :

CLE. in 1897, K.C.I.E. in 1903, in recog-
nition of his eminent services enlightened :
Establishment, 1870 served in the :
Afghan war, 1878-80 Superintending :

and liberal, he has introduced many
Engineer, 1892 officiating Chief En-:
improvements into the administration.
gineer, N.W.P., and Oudh, 1894 :
Rajputana and Central India, 1896 Chief :

PYCROFT, SIR THOMAS (1807-1892)
Engineer, P.W.D., India, 1899-1901 : I.C.S. son of Thomas Pycroft
: born :
retired: CLE., 1897. 1807 r' educated at Bath, privately, and

Trinity College, Oxford Exhibitioner : :
PULLER, SIR CHRISTOPHER gained at Oxford, by open competition,

(1774-1824) in 1829, the " writership " offered to the
Son of Christopher Puller : born 1774 : University by the President of the Board
educated at Eton and Christ Church, of Control went out to Madras, 1829
:
:
rose to be Secretary to the Board of College there went home in 1824, but
:
Revenue : Revenue Secretary to Govern lost, his ship taking fire, all his valuable
ment, 1850 : Chief Secretary. 1855 scientific collections, the result of his
Member of Council, Madras, 1862-7 industry in zoology, philology, natural
K.C.S.I., 1866: died Jan. 29, 1892.. history, anthropology, etc. was the :
founder of the Zoological Society of London,

PYNE, SIR THOMAS SALTER ( 1 860- )
in 1825-6, and its first President was :
Born i860 son : of John Pyne educated : F.R.S. LL.D and belonged to learned
: :
privately in the service of a mercantile

: Societies: died July 5, 1826 his statue is :
firm in India, 1883-5 from 1885 was for :

in Westminster Abbey.
some years Chief Engineer to the Amir of
Afghanistan Ambassador for the Amir :
RAGOZIN, ZENAIDE ALEXEIEVENA
K.B., ? -
to the Viceroy of India in 1893 :
( )
1894 :C.S.L, 1894. Bornin Russia traveller naturalized

: :
in United States, 1894 author of Story :
QUINTON, JAMES WALLACE of Chaldea, Story of Assyria, Story of Media,

(1834-1891) Babylon and Persia; Story of Vedic India,
I.C.S. born 1834 educated at Trinity
: : History of the World, etc., etc. translator :
College, Dublin after open competition, : of The Empire of the Czars and the Russians.
joined the Civil Service in the N.W.P. in
1856 acted as Judicial Commissioner in
:
RAI, PRATAP CHANDRA ( ? -1895)
Burma, 1875-7 Commissioner of a : Rose from the humble rank of a com-
Division in the N.W.P. and Oudh positor to reputation as a scholar was a :
Additional Member of the Governor bookseller translated the Mahabharata-

:
General's Legislative Council, 1883-4, from Sanskrit into Bengali, and later into
and again Member of the Board of
: English the work was printed at the
:
Revenue, N.W.P., 1885, and of the Public cost of Government : he was made CLE.
Service Commissioner, 1886 C.S.L, 1887 : :
died Jan. 11, 1895.
Chief Commissioner of Assam, Oct. 1889 :
sent to Maniptir in March, 1891, to put RAI, RAJA SHITAB ( ? -1773)

down rebellion and restore order the :
Born at Delhi : a Kayastha :
early
Manipuris attacked the British Residency, served the Emperor Muhammad Shah :
and, when Quinton visited the fort to defender of Patna, when the town was
negotiate with them, he and his escort attacked by the Shahzada in 1760 also :
were seized treacherously and all put to gallantly assisted Captain Knox in the
death, March 24* 1891. subsequent fighting was appointed Naib :
Diwan of Bihar, about 1763 under

RAFFLES, SIR THOMAS STAMFORD =
(1781-1826) charges of embezzlement and oppression,

he was suspended by Warren Hastings
Son of Captain Benjamin Raffles born :
in April, 1772, and detained in Calcutta
July 5, 1781 educated at Hammersmith :
:
under inquiry and trial before Hastings

appointed at 14 a clerk in the India House :
in 1773 in July, i773' he was acquitted

:
sent to Pulo Penang in 1805 as Assistant and restored to his office at Patna as
Secretary the E. I. Co.'s service
in :
Roy-royan and Naib Nazim he died :
Secretary, 1807 on his suggestion, Lord :

there in Sep. i773 his son Kalian Singh =
Minto embarked on the Java expedition, succeeded and was made a Maharaja.
181 1 at its close he was made Lieutenant-
:
Governor of J ava reformed the adminis- :

RAIKES, CHARLES (1812-1886)
tration with energy appointed also :
Resident at Bencoolen in Sumatra, 1813 : I.C.S. born 1812 son of Job Matthew
: :
charges made against him by Gillespie Raikes: educated at Haileybury, 1829

Raffles -30 went out to the N.W.P., 1831 was :
{q.v.) held to be groundless :

:
Commissioner of Lahore Judge of the :
recalled in 1815 and Java restored to the

Sadr Court at Agra in the mutiny was :
Dutch he wrote the History of Java,

was a volunteer and
:
knighted, 1817 Governor of in the fort at Agra :
1817 : :
Bencoolen, 1818 proposed the occupation :

saw active service as Civil Commissioner :
C.S.L, 1866 died Feb. 16, 1885 wrote :
of Singapore, which was permitted, 1819

:
:
Notes on the N.W.P. of India, 1858;

he greatly developed it, and founded a
Notes on Ihe Revolt of the N.W.P. of India,
1858
RAINES,
The Englishman in India, 1867.
;
Tubingen and
D.C.L Fellow
:
called to the bar, 1877

Balliol
of All
:
College,
Souls'
Reader
Oxford
College
in English
1
SIR JULIUS AUGUSTUS Law, Oxford Registrar of the Privy
:
ROBERT (1827- )
Council, 1896-9 Legal Member of the
:
Born March 1827 son of Col. Joseph

9, : Supreme Council in India, 1 899-1904
Robert Raines educated at Brunswick
: author of Elementary Politics, Outline of
Ecole Militaire and Sandhurst joined :
the Law of Property : C.S.I., 1902 :
the Army, 1842 served for thirty years : K.C.S.I., 1904.

continuously in the 95 th regt. in the :
Crimea, 1854-6 in the Indian mutiny, :

RAMIYENGAR, VEMBAUKUM
1857-8 twice wounded
: held several :
(1826-1887)
Staff appointments, including a Bombay Youngest son of the Record Keeper of
command General, 1892 K.C.B., 1893
: : : the Revenue Board Office in Fort St.
author of The gsth Regiment in Central George during the last years of Sir Thomas
India Munro was one of the first students to
:
enter the High School in Madras established

RAINIER, PETER (1742-1808) by Lord Elphinstone in 1841 there :
Born 1742 son of Peter Rainier

: of a :
acquired a taste for physical science, and
French refugee family, originally Regnier :
astronomy in particular his first appoint- :
entered the Navy, 1756 went to India : :

ment in the Government service was that
in the naval actions of 1758-9 against the of Mahratta Translator in the Board of
French at the siege of Pondicherry,
: Revenue afterwards he served in the
:
1760 and of Manilla

: commanded a :
Nellore and Tanjore Districts, and in
ship from 1779 in the actions in the E. 1859 was appointed an Assistant to the
Indies, 1779-83, under Sir E. Hughes, and Inam Commissioner. He was highly
between him and Admiral Suffrein :
regarded by Sir Charles Trevelyan, then
friend of the explorer Vancouver, who, Governor of Madras. After again serving
in 1792, called a mountain in the U.S. in Tanjore, Salem, and Trichinopoly, he
after him was Naval C. in C. in the E.
:
was, in 1867, appointed Superintendent
Indies, 1794-05 at the taking of Trin- :
of Stamps in Madras C.S.I. 1871 in 1875,
: , :
comalee, Amboyna and Banda-Neira, became Inspr-General of Registration, and

1795-6 captured many prizes from the
:
was a member of various Commissions
French and Dutch detained the French :
on public matters: retired, 1880, from
squadron at Pondicherry made ^250,000 :
the Government service, and became
in prize money, and left much of it for the Diwan to his old friend the Maharaja of
reduction of the National debt Admiral, :
Travancore remained there for seven
:
1805 M.P. for Sandwich

: died April 7, :
years, introducing many useful reforms :
1808. retired, 1887, from Travancore, intending
to settle down in Madras, but died almost
RAJANAIKAN ( ?-1772) immediately afterwards.
An inferior officer, a Surweicare of the
Raja of Tan j ore's Army his parents be- :
RAM NARAIN, RAJA ( ? -1763)
longing to the Roman Catholic Church, A native of Bihar Aliverdi Khan, :
he was baptized as an infant, but did not Nawab of Bengal, appointed him Deputy-
learn to read until he was twenty-two : Governor of Bihar he retained his appoint-
:
left the Army, and devoted himself to ment in the time of Suraj-ud-daula,
religion joined the Protestant Church,
: Aliverdi's successor after the battle of
:
and appointed to the charge of the Tan- Plassy and the deposition of Suraj-ud-
jore congregations much persecuted for : daula, Clive sent Major Coote to wrest
his change of faith, but he remained firm the government of Bihar from Ram-
and converted others after fourty-four : Narain in 1757: Ram Narain satisfied
years of labour and suffering for his faith, Clive that he was not treasonable and was
he died in 1772. allowed to remain as Deputy Governor. Mir
Jafir desired to remove Ram Narain from
RALEIGH, SIR THOMAS (1850- )
the Deputy Governorship of Bihar, but
Born Dec. 2,1850 : son of Samuel an accommodation was effected. In Dec.
Raleigh: educated at Edinburgh and 1759, the Shahzada Ali Gohar (afterwards
the Emperor Shah Alam) of Delhi marched took charge of the Moradabad district
against the Nawab of Bengal Ram : after the British officers fled rescued :
Narain gave him battle at Patna, and was 32 Christian women and children, and
defeated, but timely aid, in 1760, from conveyed them safely to Meerut was :
the English, put the Imperial Army to active in forwarding supplies and money to
flight. Later, in 1760, Mir Kasim became Naini Tal as an influential Muhammadan
:
Nawab of Bengal, deprived Ram Narain of he stood alone, and successfully main-
all power, and proceeded to call Ram tained his very difficult position in Rohil-
Narain to account for the receipts of his kund was liberally rewarded with a
:
Government. Vansittart, the Governor large tract of land at Fatehghar, in :
of Bengal, sided with Mir Kasim the ; 1859, Lord Canning publicly acknowledged
local officers, Coote and Carnac, with Ram his services : his salute was raised to 13
Narain the latter was seized, imprisoned,
: guns : made K. C.S.I. and Member , of the
and plundered, by Mir Kasim. In July, Governor-General's Legislative Council
1763, the English took arms against succeeded by his son, Kalb Ali Khan (q.v.),
Mir Kasim as they advanced to Patna,
:
Ram Narain was drowned in the Ganges RAMSAY, HON. SIR HENRY
in Aug. 1763, by the order of Mir Kasim. (1816-1893)
Born brother of the twelfth
181 6 :
RAMPUR, SIR KALB ALI KHAN, Earl Dalhousie

of educated at the
NAWAB BAHADUR, OF (1834-1887) Edinburgh Academy went out to Bengal
:
Son of Nawab Muhammad Yusuf Ali in the E. I. Co.'s military service, 1834 :
Khan, whom
he succeeded in 1865 an : was in the Panjab campaign, 1848-9 :
able administrator greatly developed

: was Commissioner of the districts of
his State suffered constantly from ill-
: Kumaon and Garhwal from 1856 to 1884,
health : Member of Governor-General's 44 years there in all, and was called the
Legislative Council in 1872 he went on a
:
" King of Kumaon " he governed in :
pilgrimage, leaving Rampur in charge of the old paternal style, almost as an

his Minister, Usman Khan, who was autocrat trusted equally by his employers
:
assassinated at the J ami Masjid. In and the people, who called him " Ramjee
1875 he received the G.C.S.I. from H.R.H. Sahib " his commanding influence kept
:
the Prince of Wales, at Agra. In 1877 Kumaon, and the dependent submontane
his salute was raised to 15 guns, as a tract, quiet and loyal during the mutiny.
personal distinction made a CLE. in : After retirement from office he remained
1878, for his services during the famine : there till 1892 his patriarchal system :
died March 23, 1887 100 persons daily : was well adapted to the non-regulation
attend his tomb to recite passages from districts, which flourished under his admin-
the Koran he was a man of great culture
: istration he was earnestly pious: was
:
a Persian and Arabic scholar of repute, asked to preside at a great Missionary

an active patron of literature and learning, Conference at Calcutta, 1884 C.B. : :
and actively promoted education in K.C.S.L, 1875 Lt-General, 1880 died: :
Rampur unlike his predecessors, he

: Dec. 16, 1893.
was a strict Sunni.
RANADE, MAHADEO GOVIND
RAMPUR, SIR MUHAMMAD YUSUF (1842-1901)
ALI KHAN, NAWAB BAHADUR Son Mahratta Brahman employed
of a
OF (1815-1865) in the Kolapur State born Jan. 20, :
Succeeded his father, Nawab Muhammad 1842: educated at the Elphinstone

Saiyid Khan, as Nawab of Rampur, in College, where he distinguished himself:
1855, inheriting his administrative capacity in 1866 entered the British service in the
and excelling him as a statesman a man : Education Department in 1868 appointed :
of firmness, great mental vigour, and Acting Professor of English in the Elphin-
considerable literary attainments. His stone College remained there till 1871,
:
rule in Rampur, for little more than 10 when he was appointed Subordinate
years, was eventful. During the mutiny Judge of Poona Judge of the S.C. Court :
he rendered signal assistance to the British there, 1884 the rest of his life was spent
:
Government, although his people detested in the Judicial Department. In 1886 he

his policy in addition to Rampur, he
:
was a Member of the Indian Finance-
Committee CLE. in 1887 : he was :
RAO, RAJA SIR DINKAR (1819-1896)
several times a Member of the Bombay
Legislative Council was made a Judge :
A Mahratta Brahman born Dec. 20 :
1 8 19, in the district of Ratnagiri

•of the High Court in 1893, and filled that fre- :
quently resided at Agra and Cawnpur

officewith conspicuous ability and pro- :
his ancestors held a Subah in Gwalior

found learning till his death, on Jan. 17,
territory educated in Sanskrit and
190T he was a Brahmo of the Parthana
:
:
Persian, he did not learn English till he

Samaj, and took much interest in social
was nearly 40. He began life as an
reform.
accountant in the Native State of Gwalior :
succeeded his father as Subadar of a

RANJITSINHJI, KUMAR SRI Division: in 185 1 became Chief IVIinister
(1872- ) of the State. He introduced numerous
Born in Kattiawar, India, Sep. 10,
1872 :
fiscal reforms, improved roads and public
descended from a line of the Jams, or works, and published a Code of Regulations
rulers, of Jamnagar adopted in 1880 :
for the guidance of all subordinate officers.
as his son and heir by the Jam Vibhaji, He rendered valuable services in the
who, on the birth of a son, induced the mutiny of 1857, loyally and sagaciously
'Government to set aside the adoption of keeping the Maharaja Sindia of Gwalior
Ranjitsinhji an allowance was given to
:
to his allegiance to the British Government.
the latter he was educated at the Raj-
:
For his services, Dinkar Rao obtained the
kumar College, Rajkote, India, and Trinity grant of an estate in the Benares district.
College, Cambridge attained great prowess :
He resigned in Dec. 1859, his appointment
in the cricket field as a batsman played :
at GwaHor, and later became Superinten-
for Cambridge against Oxford 1893, in dent of the Dholpur State. In 1861 he
and a number of years for the County of became a Member
the Governor- of
Sussex, and for the Gentlemen against the General's Legislative Council K.C.S.I. :
Players went to Australia with the All-

:
in 1866: was member of the tribunal
England Eleven has several times, as a
:
which tried the Gaekwar of Baroda, 1875.
batsman, obtained the highest average In 1877 the title of Raja was conferred on
score for the year wrote the Jubilee Book
:
him and made hereditary in 1884 he :
of Cricket. died Jan. 9, 1896.
RAO, BAJI (1775-1852)

RAO, MAHARAJA SIR GAJPATI
(1828- )
The last Peshwa, son of Raghunath Rao :
Born Dec. 2, 1828 educated at the Hindu
:
was invested as Peshwa in 1795, Nana College, Calcutta a large landed proprie-
:
Farnavis being his Minister, against tor in the Vizagapatam District, Madras
and with whom and Daulat Rao Sindia Presidency, who has always interested
he treacherously intrigued in Oct. 1802, :
himself in educational and social affairs
he was defeated at Poona by Jaswant Member of the Madras Legislative Council,
Rao Holkar fled to Bassein, where, on Dec.
:
1868-84 Fellow of the Madras University
:
31, 1802, he made a treaty with the CLE., 1892 K.C.I.E., 1903.
:
British, thereby becoming a feudatory :
though thus restored to power at Poona, he RAO HINDU ( ? -1855)

intrigued against the British and connived A Mahratta : brother of Bija, or Baiza
at the murder of Gangadhur Sastri,the Mini- Bai, the wife of Maharaja Daulat Rao
ster of the Gaekwar of Baroda disregarded : Sindia. He had a claim to the Gwalior
the Bassein treaty and the treaty of Poona State, but failed to obtain it was sent to :
of June, 1817 deceived Sir John Malcolm

: : Delhi, and lived there on a yearly pension
burnt the Residency at Poona, and, on Nov. of a lakh of rupees was very hospitable
:
5, 1817, was defeated at the battle of to Europeans he died in

:
1855 his :
Kirki he fled from Poona he was again

: :
house, on the Ridge outside Delhi, was
defeated at Korygaum and Ashti, and the main piquet of the British force during
surrendered to Malcolm in June, 1818 the siege of Delhi in 1857.
was allowed to live at Bithur, near
Cawnpur, on a pension of 8 lakhs a year RAO, RAJA SIR MADHAVA (1828-1891)
he died Dec. 1852 : the Nana Sahib (q.v.) A Mahratta Brahman: son of one and
was his adopted son. nephew of another Diwan of Travancore :
351
educated at the High School of the Madras
to be Peshwa was set aside
University chiefly excelled in mathe- by the treaty
:
of Salbai, and the recognition
matics and science « of Narayar
Narayan's
took his Proficient's
:
. , ^
mfant son as Peshwa
Degree in 1846. After serving in some and he was ^ pen- :
sioned.
minor offices, he was soon transferred to
Travancore as tutor to Rama Varma {q.v.); RAO, TANDALAM GOPAL
after serving the State in various capacities (1832-1886)
he became Diwan, at the early age of A Mahratta Brahman of Tanjore Dis-
trict received a good education from
30, and introduced important fiscal reforms :
his
K.C.S.I. in 1865, and Fellow of the Madras father in Mahratti and Sanskrit,
but in
University, but, in 1872, in consequence Enghsh was self-taught. After serving
of misunderstandings with the Maharaja, m the Tanjore District, he became,
in1854,
he resigned the post of Diwan and retired First Assistant in the Provincial
School
on a handsome pension at Kombakonam B.A. at Madras
was offered : in 1859. :
a seat in the Governor-General's Legisla- The rest of his life was spent in the Edu-
tive Council, which he declined. cation Department, and for the
In 1873 greater
he was appointed as Diwan to Maharaja portion of it he was connected with
the
Holkar of Indore, where he did good work Kombakonam College under Mr. Porter :
chiefly in the teaching of

until, in 1875, he was appointed Diwan- mathematics and
English. In 1870-2 he acted as Inspector
Regent of Baroda, after the deposition
of Schools was Fellow of the Madras
of the Maharaja he re-modelled the
:
:
Uni-
whole administration, and adopted many versity. From 1872 to 1874 he was in
sole charge of Kombakonam College.
useful changes was at Baroda when
: In
H.R.H. the Prince of Wales visited India. 1878 he was Professor of History and
Political Economy in the Presidency College,
In 1877 he attended the Delhi darbar with
his ward, and was made a Raja
and was made Rai Bahadur. In 1883 he
resigned :
his position in the Baroda State in 1882,

had a severe illness, never really recovering,
receiving a handsome honorarium in lieu
though he continued his work as Professor
for two years died May 11, 1886.
of pension. Until his death, he lived in :
retirement in Madras, but continued to

take great interest in political and social RATTIGAN, SIR WILLIAM HENRY
questions in 1888 he was again offered
:
(1842-1904)
a seat in the Governor- General's Legisla- Born Sep. 4, 1842, at Delhi educated
tive Council, but declined on the score at the High School, Agra, and King's
of old age and ill-health in 1889 he : College, London LL.D. of Gottingen, :
published a pamphlet entitled Hints on and Hony. LL.D. of Glasgow and Panjab
the Training of Native Children: died Universities was in Govt, service as an
:
April 4, 1 89 1. Extra Assistant Commissioner called :
to the English bar from Lincoln's Inn,

1873 practised at Lahore four times acted
RAO, RAGHOBA, OR RAGHUNATH : :
as Judge of the Panjab Chief Court :

(circa '1772)
was in the Governor- General's Legislative
Peshwa, son of Baji Rao I, Peshwa, and Council 1892-3 in the Panjab Legislative :
Rao II {q.v.), the last Peshwa:

father of Baji Council, 1898-9, Vice-chancellor of the Pan-
was Commander of the Mahratta Army jab University promoted the foundation :
and fought with the Afghans near Delhi, of the Khalsa College of the Sikhs left :
but was defeated. On the death of his India in 1900 M.P. for East Lanarkshire,
:
nephew, Madho Rao, the Peshwa, in 1772, 1901-4 knighted in 1895

: Q.C. in 1897 : :
Raghoba was implicated in the murder of wrote many law books was killed in a :
Narayan Rao, brother of Mahdo, and motor-car accident, July 4, 1904.

became sixth Peshwa at Poona by a :
revolution, he lost his capital and applied RATTRAY, THOMAS (1820-1880)

to Bombay for help. In 1775 the Bombay Colonel entered the Army in 1839
: :
Government made a treaty at Surat with served under General Pollock in the
him, under which he ceded Bassein and Sal- Khyber in 1842, and was severely wounded
sette. Intriguesensued among the Mahratta under Sir C. Napier in Sind against the
chiefs for his restoration at Poona, but hill tribes in 1856 he raised and organized
:
fell through eventually Raghoba's claim

: a body of Sikhs, included in the Army as
the 45th Bengal N.I., and known as 1260, A.D. Notes on Afghanistan and
:
Rattray's Sikhs commanded them : Beluchistan, i888 numerous articles on :
through the mutiny Brevet-Major : : geography, history, and ethnology in

Assistant- Adjutant General, 1878 died : the J.A.S.B., 1854-1905 engaged on :
Oct. 21, 1880 C.B. C.S.I. : : a History of Herat and its Dependencies and
Annals of Khurasan from its Conquest by
RAVENSCROFT, EDWARD WILLIAM the Muhammadans, and three other works
(1831- ) on Eastern History.
I.C.S.educated at Ottery St. Mary,
:
and Haileybury, 1848-50 entered the :

RAWLINSON, SIR CHRISTOPHER
Bombay Civil Service, 185 1, and retired (1806-1888)
in 1884 : served as President of the Muni- Son of John Rawlinson
born July 10, :
cipality, Bombay : Collector-Magistrate :

1806 : educated
Charterhouse and at
Chief Secretary to Government, Bombay :
Trinity College, Cambridge called to the :
Memberof the Commission for investigating bar at the Middle Temple, 1831 Recorder :
charge against the Gaekwar of Baroda :

of Portsmouth and in 1847 of Prince of
:
C.S.I. : Member of the Bombay Council Wales' Island, Singapore, and Malacca
1879-84. knighted, 1847 Chief Justice of the :
Supreme Court, Madras. 1849-59 died :
RAVENSHAW, JOHNGOLDSBOROUGH March 28, 1888.

(1777-1840)
I.C.S. : born Nov. 14, i777 = son of RAWLINSON, SIR HENRY CRES-
John Goldsborough writer Ravenshaw, WICKE, BARONET (1810-1896)
in the E.I. Co.'s service, 1796 Collector :
Born April 11, 1801, son of Abram
in S. Canara districts, 1800 Collector of :
Tyzack Rawlinson educated at Wrington :
S. Arcot, 1805 in charge of revenue of :

and Ealing went to Bombay in the
:
Cuddalore and Pondicherry, 1809: to home, E. I. Co.'s military service, 1827, Sir John
1813 out of the service, 1818 Director :
:
Malcolm {q.v.) being a fellow-passenger :
of the E. I. Co., 1819 Chairman of the :

learnt Persian and the vernaculars :
Court, 1832 devoted much attention to:

served in Persia, to discipline the Persian
Haileybury College, and to the settle- troops, 1833-9 Political Assistant to :
ment of the E. I. Co.'s charter of 1833 :

Sir W. Macnaghten at Kabul Political :
died June 6, 1840. Agent at Kandahar : at the battle there,

May with Nott retired to India
29, 1842 :
RAVERTY, HENRY GEORGE (1825- )

via Kabul C.B. PoUtical Agent in
: :
Born May 31, 1825 son : of Peter Turkish Arabia, 1843 Consul-General :
Raverty, of Tyrone co., Surgeon, R.N. at Bagdad, 1844 deciphered the Persian =
his grandfather was O' Raverty educated : cuneiform inscription of Darius Hystaspes
at Falmouth and Penzance entered the : at Behistun, 1846 made great explora- :
E. I. Co.'s 3rd Bombay Infantry, 1843 : tions and excavations in Babylonia and
Major, 1863 retired, 1864 at the siege
: : adjacent countries returned to England, :
of Multan, 1848 in the Panjab campaign, : 1855 K.C.B., 1856

: Lt-Colonel Durec- : :
1849-50 at Gujarat : in the first frontier : tor of the E. I. Co. M.P. for Reigate, :
expedition, 1850, against tribes on the 1858 Member of the Council of India.
:
Swat border : wrote, and illustrated, an 1858-9 Minister to Persia, 1859-60 :

:
account of the District of Peshawar, 1849- M.P. for Frome, 1865-8 Member, again, :
50 Assistant Commissioner in the Panjab,

:
of the Council of India from 1868 for the
1852-9 highly proficient in Oriental
: rest of his life G.C.B., 1889 Baronet,
: :
languages wrote a Pushto grammar

: 1891 :President of the Royal Asiatic
1855 :a thesaurus of Hindustani-English Society, 1878-81, and its Director, 1862-
technical terms, 1859 Pushto prose and : 95 President of the Geographical Society,
:
poetical selections Pushto-English : 1871-2, and 1874-5 and of the Oriental :
dictionary Afghan poetry, i6th to 19th

: Congress in London, 1874 D.C.L. LL.D. : :
century, with English translation iEsop's : of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and a

Fables in Pushto Translation of the : Member of several Foreign Academies
Tabakat-i-Nasiri, i.e. a general history of Trustee of the British Museum died :
Muhammadan dynasties in Asia, 810- March 5, 1895 wrote constantly in the

:
Royal Asiatic Society's Journal and for RAYNAL, GUILLAUME THOMAS
the Geographical Society, on Assyria and FRANCOIS (1713-1796)
Babylonia, Persia, Turkistan, Central
Abbe : born 171 3 : educated by the
Asia also in the periodical reviews
: :
Jesuits became an
historical and political
:
and published England and Russia in the
writer, one of the writers of the Encyclo-
East, 1875, expressing his pronounced
pedia the principal of his works published
:
views on Russian policy and action in
at Paris was the Philosophical History
Central Asia. of
the Settlements in the East and West Indies,
anonymously, in 1770 an enlarged :
edition was published in 1781 and burnt

RAYMOND ( ? -1791)
by the common hangman. He wrote in
Haji Mustapha was his other name, defence of the rights of property, greatly
after his pilgrimage, in 1770, to Mecca : irritating the revolutionists his property :
born in Constantinople: a native of Turkey: was taken from him, and he died in great
called himself a Turk went to France, :
poverty at Passy in 1796.
1741 : educated at Paris : went to India,
1751 : employed as a writer in the French READ,'KATHERINE (1723-1778)
service on the coast till 1756 joined the : Daughter of Alexander Read of Forfar-
English service in Bengal, as interpreter shire born Feb. 3, 1723
: studied paint- :
or linguist to Clive {q-v.) dismissed by : ing in Paris: in 175 1 took to painting

him, 1758 was stopped on his journey
: portraits for money settled at Rome, :
to Pondicherry at Masulipatam sent with :

175 1-3' studying under a French painter,
his papers to Bengal to be tried as a spy : painting portraits and figures : in London
imprisoned for some months, released in painted most of the notabilities, including
March, 1761 went to Manilla, 1761
: : Queen Charlotte Paintress to the (then) :
returned to Bengal employed by Van- : Queen : visited by Fanny Burney went to :
sittart in inland trade translated the : India, her brother William at

i775' to
Sair, or Siyar - ul • muta' akhkhirin of Madras remained there, always occupied
:
Ghulam Hussein Khan {q.v.), and published in painting, though constantly invited to
it at Calcutta, 1789, the translation being Bengal died at sea on her voyage home,
:
dedicated to Warren Hastings the whole : Dec 15, 1778.

edition of the translation lost on the
voyage to England, except a few copies READE, EDWARD ANDERTON
circulated in Calcutta he died, 179 1 : :
(1807-1886)
probate was refused to his will, as contain- I.C.S. born March 15, 1807: son of :
ing evidence that he was a Muhammadan :

John Reade educated at Chichester and :
the translation reprinted, 1902- Haileybury, 1823-5 went out to India, :
1826 served in the N.W.P. Commissioner

: :
of Benares Member of Board of Revenue,

RAYMOND, MICHEL JOACHIM MlRIE :
(1765-1798) Agra, 1853 on special duty in the Sagar:
and Nerbudda territories in the mutiny :
Born Sep. son of a merchant

20, 1755 : was in the fort at Agra and very :
in France went out to Pondicherry in

: active in taking defensive measures
1775, in trade took service under Hyder
: saved the revenue records on Mr. Col- :
and Tippoo, and fought against the vin's death he, as the senior civil officer,
English Bussy, on reaching India in 1783,
:
temporarily carried on the administration :
made him his A.D.C. after Bussy's : exerted himself to prevent indiscriminate
death, in 1785, he entered the employ of vengeance retired, 1880 C.B. died
: : :
Nizam Ali Khan, Subadar of the Dekkan :

Feb. II, 1886,
by 1795 he had organized 15,000 native
troops under European officers, and was
READE, SIR JOHN BY COLE (1832-
with them at the defeat of the Nizam's Born July 7, 1832 son of George Hume :
Army by the Mahrattas at Kurdla, March Reade educated privately and at Edin-
:
12, 1795 he suppressed the revolt of the

: burgh University entered Army Medical :
Nizam's eldest son Alijah he died : Department, 1854 Surgeon-General, 1888 :
suddenly, March 25, 1798 much loved : retired, 1893 served in the
: Crimea,
and admired by the natives. 1854-5 : Indian mutiny, 1857-8 : Afghan
AA
war, 1879-80 Assistant to Director
: REED, SIR THOMAS (1796-1883)
General, Armv Medical Department, War Son of Thomas Reed
born 1796 : :
Office, 1888-93 C.B., 1886 K.C.B., : :

educated at Sandhurst joined the 12th :
1903. Light Dragoons, 1813 present at Water- :
loo Brevet Colonel, 1841 A.D.C. to Queen

: :
READYMONEY, SIR COWASJI Victoria, 1841-54 C.B. commanded a : :
JEHANGIR (1812-1878) Brigade at Firozshahr in the Satlaj cam-

paign, 1845-6 commanded in Ceylon,
:
Born May 24, 1812 son of Jehangir :

1855 a Division in Madras, 1856 and was
: :
Readymoney, of a Parsi family, who commanding the Pan jab when the
in
removed from Nowsari to Bombay mutiny of 1857 occurred made the :
educated at an English school in Bombay military disposition of the troops

entered English offices as a clerk at 15
through ill-health yielded the command
:
broker to two European firms in 1837 :
at the siege of Delhi to Sir H. Barnard,

an independent merchant, about 1846 :
but on his death, on July 5, assumed it,

had almost uninterrupted prosperity for relinquishing it on July 17, appointing
25 years J. P., 1846
: Commissioner of :
K.C.B.,
Archdale Wilson as his successor :
Income Tax, i860 C.S.I. 1871 knighted, : , :

General, 1868 G.C.B., 1875
1865 : : :
1872 his statue by Woolner was erected

:
retired, 1877 died July 24, 1883.

:
by public subscription at the University

Hall, Bombay rheumatic gout for 14 :
REES, JOHN DAVID (1854- )
years prevented him from sharing in
public affairs his philanthropic charity
:
I.C.S. born Dec. 16, 1854: son of Lodwich
:
gained for him the title of " the Peabody William Rees educated at Cheltenham
: :
of the East " contributed largely to :

entered the Madras Civil Service, 1875 -.
the Civil Hospital at Surat, 1863 to Private Secretary to three successive

the Ophthalmic Hospital at Byculla,
:
—
Governors Sir M. E. Grant Duff, Lord
Bombay the Civil Engineering College,
:
Connemara and Lord Wenlock Go- :
Poona a Strangers' Home at Bombay

: :
vernment Translator in Tamil, Telugu,
two lakhs of rupees to the Elphinstone Persian and Hindustani British Resi- :
College : one lakh for a Hall for the Bom- dent in Travancore and Cochin Addi- :
bay University besides handsome :

tional Member of Governor-General's
donations for numerous minor purposes, Council, 1895-1900; retired, 1901 CLE. : :
including a drinking fountain in Regent's author of The Muhammdans, etc.

Park, London founded a Lunatic iA.sylum
:
at Hyderabad, Sind his public charities : REHATSEK, EDWARD (1819-1891)

amounted, it was said, to a total of Born in Hungary, July
1819 edu- 3, :
eighteen lakhs, and his private gifts to cated at Buda Pesth

toured in Europe :
four lakhs universally respected

: died :
and America went out to Bombay in
:
July, 1878. 1847 and stayed there was Professor :
of Latin and Mathematics at Wilson's

College examined,
: in Persian and
REAY, DONALD JAMES MACKAY, Arabic, for 12 years, for the University,
ELEVENTH BARON (1839- )
of which he was a Fellow retired from :
Born 1839 son : of Baron Mackay his Professorship in 1871 translated :
Oppemert educated : at Leyden Univer- the Rauzat-ussafa for the Oriental Trans-
sity : D.C.L., 1861 : member of the lation Fund, and other works contri- :
Second Chamber of the States General, buted a number of articles to the Cal-
Netherlands, 1 871-5 : naturalized in cutta Review and Indian Antiquary, and
England by Act ParHament, 1877 of papers to the Bombay Asiatic Society :
made a Peer of the United Kingdom, 1881 : distinguished as a linguist, but lived,
Rector of St. Andrew's, 1884 Governor : as a hermit, in extraordinary fashion,
of Bombay, 1885-90 G.C.I.E., 1887 : : in great squalor and uncleanliness, buying
G.C.S.I., 1890: LL.D. Edinburgh the simplest food for himself in the bazar,
D.Litt. D.L. : J. P.: Under Secretary : and keeping aloof from all but native
of State for India, 1894-5 Chairman : society accumulated some money
:
of the London School Board since 1897 : wrote a Historical Sketch of Portuguese
President of the Royal Asiatic Society. India, Life of Jesus according to the Muham-
madans, The Relations of Islam to Plassy he : afterwards commanded at

Christianity, and Christianity to Civiliza- Karikal in S. India, and surrendered,
tion, Bombay
115 years ago, and other April 5, 1760, to the British court- :
valuable works translated Mirkhund's : martialled and cashiered.

History of the World from Persian
into English wrote for the Anglo- :
RENDEL, SIR ALEXANDER
vernacular journal Native Opinion knew :
MEADOWS (1829- )
12 languages died Dec. 11, 1891 : :

Born 1829 son of John Meadows :
the first European cremated in Bom- Rendel educated at King's School,

:
bay. Canterbury, and Trinity College, Cam-

bridge Consulting Enginneer to the
:
REID, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN India Office K.C.I.E., 1887. :
FORSYTH (1846- )
Born Aug. 1846 son Rev. 21, : of RENNELL, JAMES (1742-1830)

William educated at Aberdeen
Reid :
Son John Rennell, Captain R.A.
of :
University joined the Indian: Army,
born in 1742 first entered the Naval :
1867, and the Staff Corps, 1871 served :

service, and in 1760 served in India,
in the Afghan war, 1878-80 danger- :
but left the Navy, entered the E. I. Co.'s
ously wounded, Brevet-Major Hazara :
marine service, and was appointed Sur-

expedition, 1888 Brevet-Lt-Colonel ist
veyor-General of Bengal in 1764. He
: :
and 2nd Miranzai expeditions, 1891 :

surveyed Bengal, was made Major of
Chitral expedition, 1895 : relief of Chi-
the Bengal Engineers in 1776, retired
tral N.W. Frontier expedition, 1897-8
: :
in 1777 his Bengal Atlas was published
:
commanded Malakand relief column,

in 1779 F.R.S. in 1781
: corresponded ;
Uthman Khel column C.B. and

largely with men of learning, and was
: :
Brigade in China expedition, 1 900-1 :

visited by travellers. He published his
K.C.B., 1901.
Memoir and Map of Hindostan, 1783 :
Observations on the Topography of 'the

REID, SIR CHARLES (1819-1901)
Plain of Troy memoirs on the Geography :
General son of George Reid

: entered :
of Africa, the Geographical System of
the E. I. Co.'s service in 1835 served : Herodotus explained, The Marks of the
in Upper Sind under Sir C. Napier, 1843 :
British A rmy in the Peninsula of India. He
in the Satlaj campaign was at Badiwal, was "the father of Indian geography":
Aliwal, Sobraon in the Burma war, : for years the chief of British geographers,
1852-3 in the mutiny commanded the
: and constantly consulted was gold :
Sirmur battalion of Gurkhas, at Bad- medallist of the Royal Society of Litera-

li-ka-sarai and siege of Delhi, command- ture, 1825 died March 29, 1830, and
:
ing the advanced posts on right of the was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Ridge repulsed 26 separate attacks
:
commanded the fourth column of the RENNIE, JAMES (1814-1903)

assault on Sep. 14, 1857 severely :
Joined the 1829, and Indian Navy,
wounded Brevet-Lt-Colonel
: in the :
retired Commander, 1858 served in
as :
Oudh campaign, 1858-9 Colonel: A.D.C. :

China, 1841-2 Burma, 1852-8 received a : :
to Queen Victoria Maj-General, 1867 : :

sword of honour from the E.I. Co.'s Direc-
General, 1877: K.C.B., 1871 G.C.B., :
tors Persian Gulf, 1857 Indian mutiny,
: :
1886 : died Aug. 23, 1901. 1857-8 Superintendent of Indian Marine,

:
1858-63:: C.B., 1858: died Nov. 30,

RENAULT, PIERRE ( ?- ? ) X903.
Was the French Settlement
Chief of
RENNY," GEORGE ALEXANDER
of Chandernagore, in Bengal, when it (1825-1887)
was besieged by land by Clive, and by
the Nawab, Born 1825 son of Alexander Renny :
river by Admiral Watson

:
:
Suraj-ud-daula, his ally, sent him 2,000 educated at Montrose and Addiscombe :
men and the French, after assault

:
joined the Bengal Artillery in 1844
and bombardment, had to capitulate was in the Satlaj campaign, at Sobraon :
1757= Renault was taken in the mutiny, commanded a troop of

on March 23,
Horse Artillery and a battery at the :
to Calcutta and not released until after

siege of Delhi, where he gained his V.C : RICHARDS, SIR WILLIAM (1778-
served also with Artillery in Rohilkund 1861)
and other engagements, 1858-9 in :
Maj-General : was a cadet in the
the Hazara Black Mountain campaign, Army in 1794 : at the siege of Seringa-
1868 : retired, 1878 Maj-General :
patam in the Mahratta war
: served :
Colonel Commandant died Jan. 5, 1887. :

in the Nipal war, in Arakan and other
parts of India lived in India nearly 70:
years without visiting England: K.C.B. :
REWAH, MAHARAJA VENKAT died at Naini Tal Nov. i, 1861.

RAMAN SINGH OF (1876- )
Born July son of Maharaja

23, 1876:
Raghuraj Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I. was :
RICHARDSON, DAVID LESTER
invested in 1895, with full powers of a (1801-1865)
Ruling Chief arranged for the relief
:
Born 1801 : son of Lt-Colonel David
of the sufferers in the famine of 1896-7,
Thomas Richardson of the E. I. Co.'s
which severely strained the resources
Bengal Army joined the 2nd Bengal
;
of the State G.C.S.I. :
N. I. in 1819 began in 1820 to contri-
:
bute poetry to the Calcutta Journal

REYNOLDS, HERBERT JOHN in 1822 published his miscellaneous
(1832- ) poems : in 1824, returned for his health
to England, published his Sonnets and
I.C.S : born 1832 : educated at Eton other Poems, in 1825, and started The
and Kmg's College, Cambridge twice :
Weekly Review in 1827 on its collapse, :
won the Chancellor's medal for English he returned to military service in Bengal
verse :went to Bengal in the Civil in 1829 Captain in Oct. 1832, and, on
:
Service, 1856, and retired in 1889 :

July 19, 1833, was invalided and retired
Revenue Secretary to Government of as a Major. He was A.D.C. to Lord W.
Bengal, and Member of the Bengal Legis- Bentinck, 1835. His life was afterwards
lative Council President of the Opium:
devoted to education and literature.
Commission, 1883: Member of the Board He undertook the editorship of the Cal-
of Revenue, Bengal, and of the Governor- cutta Literary Gazette, the Calcutta Maga-
General's Legislative Council for some zine, andthe Bengal Annual. Later,
years :President of the Asiatic Society of he brought out his Literary Leaves, his
Bengal, and presided at the Special Cen- Selections from the British Poets, Anglo-
tenary Meeting, Jan. 15, 1884: C.S.I. dis- ,
Indian Passage, Literary Chit-chat, Lite-
tinguished as a scholar and writer. rary Recreations, Flowers and Flower
Gardens, History of the Black Hole- of
RICE, BENJAMIN LEWIS (1837- )
Calcutta. On (Lord) Macaulay's recom-
mendation, the Trustees of the reconsti-
Son Rev. T. Rice
of educated pri- : tuted Hindu College at Calcutta appointed
vately appointed Principal of the High
: him Professor of English Literature
School (now Central College), Bangalore, from Jan. 1836, and Principal in 1839.
1860-5 Inspector of Schools, Mysore
'•
He was subsequently Principal of the
and Coorg, 1865-8, 1870-3 Director : new Krishnagar College (in 1845), of
of Public Instruction in Mysore and the Hughli College, and again of the
Coorg, 1868-9, 1873-83 Secretary to : Hindu College (1848-50), when he resigned
the Mysore Government, Education De- his post and became tutor of (Maharaja
partment, 1883-90 Director of Archaeo- : Bahadur, Sir) Jotindra Mohan Tagore,
logical Researches in Mysore, 1890-1905 : and editor of the Bengal Hurkara. In
introduced the Hobli school system of 1859 he was appointed Principal of the
primary education in Mysore, 1868 : Presidency College, Calcutta, but the
was Secretary to the Education Commis- Secretary of vState disallowed the ap-
sion (Sir W. W. Hunter's), 1882-3 : pointment. He retired to England, Feb.
CLE. author of Gazetteers of Mysore
: 4, 1861: assisted in the editing of Allen's
and Coorg Mysore Inscriptions Epi-
: : Overland Mail, and Homeward Maih
graphia Carnatica, 12 vols Bibliotheca : and edited the Court Circular died Nov. :
Carnatica. 17, 1865.

357
RICHARDSON, GEORGE LLOYD chester and Haileybury
went out to :
REILLY (1847- ) Bengal in the Civil Service, 1821 served :
Maj-General entered the Army, 1866,

:
in Orissa between 1827-38 conducted :
and became Lt-Colonel, 1896 served :

the resettlement of the Division, which
in Afghan war, 1878-80, Brevet-Major suffered from two cyclones in 1831 and
Egyptian war, 1882, Tel-el- Kebir, severely 1832: Commissioner in 1836: queUed dis-
wounded in the Zhob Field Force as CO.,
:
turbances in the Tributary States co- :
1 8th Bengal Lancers, 1890 N.W. Fron- :

operated in suppressing the Khonds in
tier campaign, 1897-8 China expedi- :
Gumsur, and stopping human sacrifices :
tion, commanding Cavalry Brigade, 1900 :

resettled the Chittagong Division, 1841
commanding second-class District, India :
-8 :Member of the Board of Revenue,
C.B. CLE. CS.L
: :
1849-56: Provisional Member of Council,
1854, but in 1857 he urged the appoint-
RICHARDSON, JOHN (1741-1811?)
ment of Outram was Member of Su-
:
preme Council, 1858-60 declined the :
Son of George Richardson born 1741 : :

Chief Commissionership of Central Pro-
educated at Wadham College, Oxford vinces and Lieutenant-Governorship of
joined the Middle Temple his principal the N.W. P.
:
was Commissioner for the
:
work was his Dictionary of Persian, revision of Civil Salaries and Estab-
Arabic and English, x777, which was lishments in India, 1856-58 retired, :
based on Meninski's Oriental Thesaurus, i860 K.C.S.I., 1866

: died Feb. 25,:
printed at Vienna in 1680, and has been 1886.

several times re-edited and re-issued.
He wrote also an Arabic grammar,
and edited Persian poetry was F.S.A. :
RICKETTS, JOHN WILLIAM
died about 1811. (1791-1835)
Son Ensign John Ricketts, of the

of
RICHEY, SIR JAMES BELLETT Bengal Engineers (killed at Seringa-
(1834-1902) patam, 1792) educated at the Military
;
I.C.S. son of Rev. James Richey edu-

: :
Orphanage at Kidderpur. Calcutta went ;
cated at Exeter College, Oxford entered :

to Bencoolen in the E. I. Co.'s service
the Bombay Civil Service, 1856 became :
afterwards employed in a Government
Chief Secretary to Government, Bom- office in Calcutta. In 1823 he founded
bay, 1885 Member of Council, Bombay,
:
the Doveton College, in Calcutta, for the
1886-901 CS.L, 1878 :,,K.C.LE., 1890: education of East Indians. In 1829-30
died June 27, 1902. he was deputed to England, on behalf of
the East Indians, to petition Parliament
RICKETTS, GEORGE HENRY for the redress of their grievances was :
MILDMAY (1827- ) examined before Select Committees of

I.C.S. son of Su: H. Ricketts, K.C.S.I.
:
both Houses on Indian affairs. He was
(q.v.): born June 20, 1827: educated at finally Sub- Judge of Gaya, and died
Winchester and Haileybury began his :

there, July 28, 1835. For his labours
service in Bengal in 1847 went to the :
for the community, he was called the
" East Indian Patriot."
Panjab in 1853 in the mutiny was :
Deputy Commissioner of Ludiana, and

with 2 guns and a small force of the 4th
RICKMERS, CHRISTIAN MABEL
Sikhs, in June, 1857, fought a body of (1866- )
mutineers from Jalandhar at the crossing

of the Satlaj near Philour this was one of :
Daughter of William Pirie Duff, mer-
the first occasions on which the mutineers chant in Calcutta, and granddaughter of
were met successfully. C.B. for his Dr. Alexander Duff {q.v.) born Dec 7> :
mutiny services Member of the Board

:
1866 educated at London and Berlin
:
:
of Revenue, N.W. P. : retired, 1879. travelled in Bokhara, 1898, and the

Caucasus, 1900: translated Deussen's
RICKETTS, SIR HENRY (1802-1886)
Elemenie der Metaphysik into English,
I.C.S. son of George William Ricketts :
: 1894 wrote The Chronology of India,
:
born March 25, 1802 educated at Win- : 1899.

:«IDGEWAY, SIR JOSEPH WEST arrived, Oct. 1797 returned to England, :
(]844- ) 1799 : went out, via Copenhagen in 1804,

Born 1844 son of Rev. Joseph Ridge-
:
for the London Missionary Society to
way the Mission at Tranquebar, in Travan-
:entered the Array, i860 and :
became Lt-Colonel, and Colonel, 1887 :

core :became a pioneer of Mission work :
served as Political Officer in Afghan war, took charge of the Tinnevelly Mission,
1879-80 Under Secretary in Foreign
:
and removed, 1806, to Palamcotta
Department of the Government of India, visited Tuticorin, Cochin, and scattered
1880-4 commanded the Indian Contin-
'•
congregations in the South of India :
gent of the Afghan Frontier Commission toured also and preached to the con-
from 1884, and became the Chief Com- verts at Madura, Trichinopoly, Ramnad,
etc. left the S.P.C.K., Tinnevelly, and
missioner, 1885 on special duty to St. :
:
Petersburg, 1886-7 Under Secretary :

retmrned to Travancore, 1807 during :
for Ireland, 1887 Envoy to Sultan of :

the Tranvacore war of 1808-9 his life
Morocco, 1892-3 Governor of Isle of :
was in danger built the first Protestant
:
Man, 1893-5 Governor and C. in C. of

:
church at Mylandy, 1809, and churches
Ceylon, 1896-1903 P.C. K.C.B., 1891 : :
in six other places toured constantly : :
:
fell ill in 1815 left Quilon in Feb. i8i6^

G.C.M.G., 1900 K.C.S.I., 1885 LL.D. : :
:
Cambridge and Edinburgh. making over the Travancore Protestant

Mission to his Catechist, Vedamanickam :
RIDGEWAY, RICHARD KIRBY from Madras he went to Ceylon and

(1848- )
Malacca, and was never seen again.
Born Aug. son of R. Ridge-
18, 1848 :
way educated privately and at Sand-

:
RIPON, GEORGE FREDERICK
hurst entered the Army, 1868, and
:
SAMUEL, FIRST MARQUESS OF
Indian Staff Corps, 1872 (1827-
Adjutant :
)
44th Gurkhas, 1874-80: Staff College, Viceroy and Governor- General born :
1883 D.A.Q.M.G., 1884

: A.Q.M.G. in : Oct. 24, 1827 son of first Earl
: suc- :
India, 1889-90 A.A.G., Peshawar, 1893- : ceeded his father, 1859 M.P. for Hull, :
1900 served in Naga Hills, 1875 and

: 1852-3 Huddersfield, 1853-7
: York- :
1879-80 Manipur, 1891 : A.A.G., second : shire, W. Riding, 1857-9 Under Secre- :
Division, Tirah, 1S97 V.C. for gallantry : tary for War, 1859-61 for India, 1861-3 : :
at Konoma in Assam, Nov. 22, 1879. Secretary of State for War, 1863-6
for India, 1866 Lord President of the
:
RIEU, CHARLES (1820-1902) Council, 1868-73 made a Marquess,.:
Born at Geneva,
educated at 1820 :
1871 Governor-General of India, 1880-4
: •
the Academy there and at Bonn, 1840-3 :

the Afghan war was concluded, and
took a Doctor's degree read Arabic :
Kandahar given up he repealed the :
with Freytag and Gildemeister, Sanskrit Vernacular Press Act extended Local :
with Lassen Member of the French

:
Self Government appointed an Educa-
:
Societe Asiatique, 1844 worked with :

tion Commission the " Ilbert Bill :
von Bohtlingk and published the St. aroused the strongest opposition and
Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary, 1847 was passed with a compromise later, :
joined the British Museum, 1847 was :

he became First Lord of the Admiralty,
Curator of Oriental MSS. from 1867 :
1886 :Secretary for Colonies, 1892-5 :
completed Catalogues of Arabic, Persian, K.G. P.C. : G.C.S.I. G.C.I.E.

: D.C.L. : : :
Turkish MSS became Adams Professor

:
F.R.S.
of^ Arabic, Cambridge, 1894: died March
19, 1902. RISLEY, HERBERT HOPE (1851- )
I.C.S. educated at Winchester and

:
RINGELTAUBE, REV. WILLIAM New College, Oxford went to Bengal :
TOBIAS (1770- ? )
in the Civil Service, 1873 Secretary to :
Missionary son of Gottlieb Ringel-

: the Government of Bengal, 1891 :
taube. Vicar, near Brieg in Silesia born, : Member of the Bengal Legislative Council,-
there, Aug. 8, 1770 educated at Halle, : 1892-3 and again acting Financial Secre-
:
from 1789 ordained by the S.P.C.K.

: tary, Government of India, 1898 Director :
as Missionary to Calcutta, where he of Ethnography for India, 1901 Census :

359
Commissioner, 1899-1902 : Home Secre- RIVAZ, VINCENT ( ? - )
tary to the Government of India, 1902 :
C.I.E., 1892 Entered the Indian Army, i860, and

C.S.I. 1904
: author of
, :
Primitive Marriage in Bengal, Widow and became Colonel, 1890 served in Hazara :
Infant Marriage, Tribes and Castes of

campaign, 1868 Dour VaUey expedition, :
Bengal, A nthropometric India, etc. 1872 Afghan war, 1878-9

:
Mahsud- :
wrote :
the Preface to the Sikhim Gazetteer, 1892.

Waziri expedition, 1881 Hazara expe- :
dition, 1891 : C.B., 1900.

RITCHIE, RICHMOND THACKERAY
WILLOUGHBY (1854- ) RIVETT-CARNAC, SIR JAMES,
Son William Ritchie (g.u.) Advocate-
of : BARONET (1786-1846)
General of Bengal educated at Eton
:
and Trinity College, Cambridge Scholar Son of James Rivett,Member of the

:
entered the India Office, 1877

:
Bombay Council, who assumed the name
Private :
ofCarnac Cadet, 1799 entered the R.M.A.
:
Secretary to Under Secretaries of State, :
Woolwich, 1800 entered the E. I. Co.'s

1883-94, and to Lord George Hamilton,
:
Madras Native infantry, 1801 transferred

Secretary of State, 1895-1902 Secre- :
:
to Bombay was A.D.C. to Jonathan :

tary, Political Department, India Office,
Duncan, Governor of Bombay served :
1902 : C.B., 1898.

against the Mahrattas, 1802 in 1802, :
first Assistant at Baroda, in the Political

RITCHIE, WILLIAM (1816-1862) service and Secretary to the Resident
Born 1816 son of John Ritchie, whose
: Resident at Baroda, 1807-19 retired as :
wife was a daughter of William Make- a Major in 1822 Director of the E. I. Co., :
peace Thackeray, the grandfather of the 1827 Chairman of the Directors, 1830 :
:
novelist educated at Eton and Trinity

: Baronet, 1836 M.P., 1837 Governor of : :
College, Cambridge called to the bar

: Bombay, May, 1839 to April, 1841. A
by the Inner Temple joined the bar in : scholarship called after him was founded
Calcutta about 1840 Advocate-General
: in his honom:, and his bust placed in the
of Bengal Vice-Chancellor of the Cal-
: Town Hall. He died Jan. 28, 1846.
cutta University Member of the Supreme
:
Council of the Governor-General from

Sep. 14, 1861, to his death on March 22,
RIVETT-CARNAC, JOHN HENRY
1839-
1862. A marble monument, by J. H.
( )
Foley, was erected to his memory in St. I.C.S. son of Admiral Rivett-Carnac
: :
Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta. The follow- educated in Germany and at Haileybury :
ing is an extract from the inscription served in Bengal Civil Service, 1858-94 :
(written by Thackeray) "To a clear :

Commissioner of Cotton and Commerce :
intellectand sweet and generous temper, Special Commissioner for Transport in

England had added her highest education Bengal famine of 1874 raised and com- :
and God His grace. Public-spirited, wise manded the Ghazipur volunteer regi-
and beloved, his career was one of rare ment author of Report on Indian Cotton
:
success, breeding no envy. His death Supply Indian Railway Traffic, Indian
:
was felt to be a calamity, alike public Antiquities, Archaic Rock Markings in

and private." India and Europe CLE. :
RIVAZ, SIR CHARLES MONT-

GOMERY (1845- ) RIVINGTON, REV. LUKE, D.D.
(1838-1899)
I.C.S. son of John Theophilus Rivaz,
:
B.C.S. educated at Blackheath School

: Son of Francis Rivington educated :
went to the Panjab in 1864 served as : at Magdalen College, Oxford: B.A., 1861 :
Superintendent of the Kapurthala State : an eloquent preacher for many years :
Deputy Commissioner of Kangra Com- : attended the Cowley House, Oxford visited :
missioner of Lahore Financial Com- : India,preaching: joined the Church of Rome

missioner of the Panjab Member of : 1887 frequently dehvered Lenten courses
:
the Supreme Council, 1898-1902 Lieuten- : in the Church for English Roman Catholics
ant-Governor of the Panjab since 1902 : in Rome the Pope made him a Doctor
:
K.C.S.I., 1901. of Divinity died May 30, 1899. :

S6o DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
ROBERTS, SIR ABRAHAM (1784-1873) ROBERTS, OF KANDAHAR, PRE-
General
TORIA,AND WATERFORD, FRE-
born April ii, 1784 son of
:
the Rev. John Roberts, and father of Earl

:
DERICK SLEIGH, FIRST EARL
(1832- )
Roberts (q.v.) entered the Army in 1803,
:
and joined the E. I. Co.'s service, 1804 : Field son of General Sir
Marshal :
served under Lord Lake, 1805 in Bundel- : Abraham Roberts, G.C.B. {q.v.) born at :
kund against the Pindaris, at the sieges of Cawnpur, Sep. 30, 1832 educated at :
Komona and Gunnouri, 1806-7 in the : Eton, Sandhurst, Addiscombe joined the :
Nipal war, 1 814-5 at the storming of : Bengal Artillery, in April, 1852 A.D.C. :
Kahorga Lt-Colonel, 1832 Brig-Gene-

: : to his father, 1852 D.A.Q.M.G. Peshawar, :
ral in the first Afghan war, 1838-9 at : 1856 in the mutiny he was Staff Officer
:
Ghazni C.B. commanded Shah Shuja's

: : to Sir N. Chamberlain and John
force in 1840, but resigned and returned Nicholson, successively commanding the
to India anticipated the danger in Kabul,
: movable column to Delhi where, during :
but his advice was disregarded com- : the siege, he, as D.A.Q.M.G. rejoined the
manded the Lahore Division, and the Artillery. After its fall, he was in the
Peshawar Division, 1852-4, when he actions at Bulandshahr, Alighar, Agra,
retired K.C.B., 1865
: G.C.B., 1873 : : at Sir Colin Campbell's relief of Lucknow,
died Dec. 28. 1873. the recapture of Cawnpur, the destruction
of Bithur, in. the fight near Khudaganj,
where he won the V.C. for personal bravery
in recovering a standard in the captiure
ROBERTS, ARTHUR AUSTIN
:
of Lucknow by Sir Colin Campbell, in

(1818-1868)
March, 1858 served in the Umbeyla
:
I.C.S. son of Brown Roberts of the

:
campaign, 1863 in the Abyssinian
:
Indian Army born May 12, 1818 : edu- :

campaign, 1867-8, was A.Q.M.G. carried :
cated at Haileybury, 1836-7 to India, :

home Lord Napier's final despatches was :
837 :succeeded John (Lord) Lawrence as senior Staff Officer on the Lushai expedi-
Magte-CoUr. of Dehli Judge of the Sagar :
tion, 1871-2 C.B. : Q.M.G. in 1874 com- : :
and Nerbudda territories, 1854 formed :

manded the Panjab Frontier Force, 1878.
a new code of law for them Commissioner :
When the 2nd Afghan war broke out, he
of Lahore, 1856 C.B. for services dmring :
commanded the Kuram Field Force, fought
the mutiny commanded the Lahore
:
the Peiwar Kotal action on Dec. 2, 1878
Volunteer Corps Judicial Commissioner :
halted at Alikheyl was a member of Sir A.:
of the Panjab Member of the Governor-

:
Eden's Army Commission, 1879 K.C.B., :
General's Legislative Council acting :

1879. After Sir L. Cavagnari's death at
Judge of the Calcutta High Coiurt Judge :
Kabul, on Sep. 3, 1879, he commanded the
of the Lahore Chief Court, 1866 C.S.I. : :
Kabul Field Force, fought the action at
Resident at Hyderabad, March 20, 1868 :
Charasia on Oct. 6, reached Kabul on
died May 10, 1868. Oct. 9. He received Yakub Khan's abdica-
tion and despatched him to India was en- :
gaged in the operations in and around Sher-

ROBERTS, EMMA (1794?-1840) pur in Dec. 1 879. After the defeat of Gen-
eral Burrows at Maiwand, on July 27, 1880,
Daughter of Captain William Roberts : Roberts marched from Kabul to Kandahar,
went to India in 1828 with a married Aug. 9 to 31, over 313 miles in 22 days, and
sister, Mrs. R. A. McNaghten, on whose defeated Ayub Khan at Kandahar on
death, in 1831, she went to Calcutta and Sep. I Baronet
: G.C.B. After Majuba
:
wrote for the Oriental Observer went to : Hill, in 1881, he was sent to South Africa
India again in 1839 : settled in Bombay as Commander of the Forces and Governor
and edited The Bombay United Service of Natal, but peace had been concluded
Gazette, and planned a book on the Bom- before he arrived. He was C. in C. Madras,
bay Presidency died at Poona, Sep. 16, : 1881-5 C. inC. India, 1885-93 comman-
: :
1840. She wrote several works on India, ded in Burma in 1886 General in 1890 : :
including The East India Voyager, and Baron in 1892 C. in C. Ireland, 1895-9
: :
an account of her overland voyage out- Field Marshal, 1895 C. in C. South :
wards. Africa, 1899-1901 Commander-in-Chief^

:
361
1901-4. Earl, 1901, and was K.G. he
also made G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., K.P.,
:
ROBERTSON, ARCHIBALD
P.C, ( ? -1847)
D.C.L. Oxford, LL.D. of Dublin, Cam-
bridge and Edinburgh: Entered the
Bombay N.I., 1801 com-
received the :
freedom of several cities manded a local corps in Gujarat, 1803

wrote Rise :
:
in the operations in Kattiawar

of Wellington, and Forty-one Years in in 1807-
India. 9 CoUr-Magte. of Khandesh, 1823-6
:
:
Resident at Satara, 1827 Colonel, 1829 : :
retired, 1831 Maj-General, 1837

ROBERTS, SIR HENRY GEE tor of the E. I. Co.
Direc- : :
died June q, 1847. :

(1800-1860)
Maj-General born July 18, 1800

ROBERTSON, CHARLES
: son :
of William Roberts (1833-1898)

M.B. of Gloucester,
and grandson of W. Roberts
President of :
I.C.S born at Aberdeen, Sep. 18,
:
Magdalen College. Cambridge; entered 1833 son of Charles Robertson, iron-

:
the E. I. Co.'s Bombay military service, monger there educated at the Grammar :
1818 Captain, 1824

:
commanded Cutch :
School, Marischal College and University,
Irregular Horse, 1825 and employed :
Aberdeen M.A. with special honours,
:
politically as Assistant to the Resident 1853 taught in England passed fifth in

: :
commanded a regiment of IrregularCavalry the first open competition for the I.C.S :
in Gujarat, till 1841 Lt-Colonel in the :

went to the N.W.P. in 1856: became Junior
Sind campaign, 1843, commanding at Secretary to the N.W.P. Government,
Sukkur denuded himself of troops there,
:
1867,and Secretary to that Government
in order to reinforce Sir C. Napier
for
and Oudh, 1877-82 retired 1883-4, on :
Miani, which the latter fully acknowledged account of his wife's health : served in
as contributing greatly to his success: Edinburgh resumed his classical studies
: :
Resident in Cutch described in 1851, by

:
became a leading spirit of the Hellenic
Sir C. Napier, as the best officer in the Society under Blackie founded, with :
Bombay Army, and perhaps in India, of his

:^8,ooo, aFellowship in Classics, Mental
rank and, later, as " capable of com-
:
Science and Philosophy at Aberdeen
manding any Army in the field " University, in memory of his brother
in the :
mutiny, commanded the N. Division of Professor George Croom Robertson, editor

the Bombay Army and in 1858 the Raj- of Mind —
a Fellowship designed to stimu-
putana Field Force late the higher study of the subjects
took Kotah by :
assault, March, 1858, and guns

named died March 24, 1898.
:
75
defeated Tantia Topi on several occasions,
at Sanganir, at Kankrauli, on the Banas, ROBERTSON, SIR DONALD (1847- )
etc. : commanded in Gujarat Maj- • Born June 24, 1847 : Lt-Colonel : son
General K.C.B., 1859
:
retired, 1859 : :
of Col. J. S. Robertson educated at
died Oct. 6, i860. *
• Cheltenham, Bonn and Radley entered :
the Army, 1865, and civil employment in

ROBERTS, JOHN BLESSINGTON Madras, 869 served as Political Officer in :
(1819-1880) Central India, Rqjputana, Hyderabad,

Rewah, Gwalior Resident in Mysore, :
Born July 17, 1819 went to India as a

:
1896-1903 C.S.I. 1899 K.C.S.I., 1903.
: , :
private soldier in 1840 joined the Bengal :
Sappers and Miners and the Police as a

: ROBERTSON, SIR GEORGE SCOTT
Deputy Superintendent in 1849 rose to : (1852- )
be Deputy Commissioner of PoHce in Born Oct. 22, 1852 son of Thomas
:
J.
Calcutta, 1856-63 J.P. Presidency Robertson
: :
educated at Westminster Hos-
:
Magistrate, 1862-71 Coroner of Cal- :

pital entered the Indian medical service,
:
cutta Superintendent of Stamps and

:
1878 served in Afghan campaign, 1879-
:
Stationery, 1871-80 for many years, as :

80 : employed under the Indian Foreign
Member of the Corporation of Calcutta, Office from June, 1888 British Agent at :
took an independent line on behalf of : Gilgit travelled in Kafiristan, 1890-1

: :
the public interests, gaining the title Chief Political Officer of the Hunza-Nagar
of "Tribune of the people " died May
5, : expedition, 189 1-2 Political Mission :
i88c. to Chitral, 1893 besieged and severely :

wounded at Chitral, 1895 Administrator
: ROBINSON, SIR WILLIAM ROSE
of Chitral, 1895 C.S.I. , 1892
: K.C.S.I., : (1822-1886)
1895 author of
: The Kafirs of the Hindu I.C.S.born 1822
: son of Wilham :
Rush, Chitral, etc.

Rose Robinson educated at Bonn and :
Haileybury, 1 840-1 went out to Madras, :
ROBERTSON, THOMAS CAMPBELL 1842 : was Inspr-General

of Pohce, 1865 :
(1789-1863) C.S.L, 1866 Member of the Board of

:
Revenue, 1870 Additional Member of the:

: son of :

Captain George Robertson, R.N educated :
:
at Edinburgh and Glasgow went out to :

Member of Council, Madras, 1873-8 acted :
as Governor of Madras, April 29, to Nov.

Bengal in the Civil Service, 1805 while :
23, 1875 K.C.S.L, 1876 died April 27,

at Chittagong, from 1823, was in the : :
1886.
Burmese war of 1825, and went to Ava as
Commissioner, helping to make the treaty :
Commissioner at Bareli A.G.G. on the : ROBSON, REV. JOHN ( ? - )
N.E. frontier and Commissioner of One of the founders of the Rajputana

Assam, 1831 Commissioner of Cuttack,
:
Mission, i860 : retired from India on
1834 Judge of the Sadr Court, 1835
: :
account of ill-health, 1872 Senior Mem- :
Member of the Supreme Council, Nov. ber of S. Nicholas U.F.C. Aberdeen, 1876-
1835 to Jan. 1840 Lieutenant-Governor :
98 Moderator of the Synod of the U.P.
:
of the N.W.P., Feb. 1840, to Dec. 1842 :

Church of Scotland, 1 899-1 900 author :
Provisional Governor-General retired :

of Hinduism and Christianity, etc. etc.
1843 died July 6, 1863
: wrote on the :
first Burmese war and other Indian

political subjects. RODDY, PATRICK (1830-1895)
Entered Bengal Army in 1848
the :
ROBINSON, SIR GEORGE ABER- served with Havelock and Outram in the
CROMBY, BARONET ( ? -1832) mutiny, 1858-9 in the first relief of :
Lucknow at the defence of the Alambagh,

:
Military Auditor-General in Bengal capture of Lucknow, and later engage-

Director of the E.I. Co., 1808-29 Chair- :
ments obtained his Commission as
:
man, 1826 M.P. for Honiton

: made a :
Ensign, and V.C. for gallantry, 1858 in :
Baronet in 1823 died 1832. :

Abyssinia, 1867-8 and in Afghanistan, :
1879-80 retired as Colonel, Feb. 1887

: :
ROBINSON, PHILIP STEWART died Nov. 21, 1895.

(1849- )
Born 1849 son of Rev. Julian Robin-

:
RODGERS, CHARLES JAMES
(1838-1898)
son, Editor of the Pioneer educated at :
Marlborough Assistant Editor of the

: Born 1838 : educated at Shardlow and
Pioneer: Special Correspondent of theDaily Milford in Derbyshire, and Borough Road
Telegraph in Afghan and Egyptian wars :
College,London while master of a National :
and afterwards of the Pall Mall Gazette School near Cambridge, attended lectures
in Cuba author of In my Indian Garden,
:
on Oriental subjects at the University :
1878 Under the Punkah, 1881

; Tigers at : to India, 1863, for the Christian Vernacular
Large, 1885, etc. etc. Education Society, to conduct a Training
College for Native Teachers at Umritsar :
its Principal for 22 years Urdu and :
ROBINSON, VINCENT JOSEPH Persian scholar made a special study :
(1829- )
of Indian numismatics appointed Arch- :
Son of Vincent Robinson : merchant : ffiological Surveyor of the Pan jab, 1886 :
educated at King's London College, : after 5 years his appointment was abolished:
formerly in East India trade CLE. for : was a high authority on numismatics, and
service in connexion with spread of Indian Honorary Numismatist to the Govern-
art to Europe author of Ancient Furni-
: ment of India Secretary to the Religious
:
and other Works of Art, Eastern Carpets

ture Book Society at Lahore, 1898 died at :
and papers on Eastern Fabrics. Lahore, Nov. 20, 1898 wrote largely on :
i
Coins and Coinages in the I.A.S.B. and : for Abyssinian campaign and conamanded
catalogued coin collections at Lahore and it, 1868 at the capture of Magdala in
:
:
Calcutta. the N.W. Frontier, Jowaki expedition.

1877-8 Afghan war, 1878-9 at Ali-
: :
ROE, SIR CHARLES (1841- )

Masjid Brevet-Lt-Colonel: N.W. Frontier,
:
I.C.S. : son of John D. Roe : educated Mahsud-Waziri, 1881 Zhob Valley, 1890 : :
at Merton joined the

College, Oxford : commanded Panjab Frontier Force
Civil Service in the Panjab, 1863, and column: C.B., 1887.
retired, 1898 was Chief Judge of the :
Panjab Chief Court and Vice -Chancellor

ROSS, SIR CAMPBELL CLAYE GRANT
(1844-1892)
of the Panjab University author of :
Tribal Law in the Panjab K.B., 1897 : :

Educated at the Edinburgh Academy :
LL.D., Pennsylvania. entered the Army, 1841 became Lt- :
General, 1886 Gdneral, 1890 served in

: :
ROSE, HENRY METCALFE (1848- )

N.W. frontier operations, 1852-3 in the :
mutiny: in the defence of the Kumaon

Born July30, 1848 son of General :
hills, the action of Charpoora, and other
Hugh Rose educated at Sandhurst : :
engagements in the Umbeyla campaign,
:
joined the Army, 1867, and Indian Staff

1863 in action at the Craig picket Brevet-
: :
Corps, 1869 served in Afghan campaign,

:
Lt-Colonel in Jowaki-Afridi campaign^
:
1879-80 N.W. Frontier, Hazara, 1891

: :
1878 K.C.B.
: died June 20, 1892. :
second Miranzai expedition, 1891 Burma :
campaign, 1886-7 Southern Shan column : ROSS, DANIEL (1780-1849 ?)

D.S.O Commandant of Malakand Force
: :
Born 1780 : a distinguished hydro-
Brig- General.
grapher the first Surveyor of his age :
:
ROSE, SIR JOHN ? -1852) Marine Surveyor-General for India Mas- :

(
ter Attendant at Bombay till 1849, when
Entered the E.I. Co.'s service, 1795 :
he retired on account of old age President :
was Malavilli and

at Seringapatam of the Bombay
Geographical Society his :
in Baird's expedition to Egypt in the :

service of fifty years was of the utmost
Bombay Army, in Gujarat, 1 801-2 in :
value in the cause of science, especially
the Mahratta war under Lake, at Agra, of geography and navigation his charts :
Gwalior, Delhi, in the pursuit of Holkar, were always trustworthy.

1805 in the Nipal war, 1815
: Pindari :
war, 1818 retired, 1823 K.C.B., 1838

: : : ROSS, SIR EDWARD CHARLES
Lt-General, 1846 died Sep. 9, 1852. : (183(3- )
Born Sep. 23, 1836 son of D. R. Ross,

ROSS, ALEXANDER (1777
M.P. educated at Edinburgh Academy
:
:
I.C.S. : went to India,

at 18, in 1795-6 :
entered the Indian military service, 1855 :
Judge of the Provincial Court at Bareli, served with Central India Field Force in
181 1 was Resident at Delhi, 1820-3
:
'•
the mutiny, 1857-8 joined the PoHtical :
Puisne Judge of the Sadr Court, 1825 :

Service, 1863 Resident in Persian Gulf,
:
First Judge, 1831 Member of the Supreme :

1872-91 C.S.I. 1882 K.B., 1892.
: , :
Council, Jan. 1833 permanently in Oct. :
1833 Governor of Agra, Dec. 1835, to

: ROSS, EDWARD DENISON (1871- >
June, 1836 abolished transit duties

: Born June 1871 son of Rev. 6, :
President in Council and Deputy-Governor Alexander J. Ross, D.D. educated at :
of Bengal, Oct. 20, 1837, to Oct. 15, 1838, Marlborough and University College,
when he retired. London studied Oriental languages in
:
Paris and Strasburg Professor of Persian :
ROSS, ALEXANDER GEORGE in University College, London, 1 896-1901 :

(1840- )
Principal of the Calcutta Madrasa, since
Born Jan. 9, 1840: son of Alexander Ross, 1901 author of The Early Years of Shah
:
I.C.S. educated at Edinburgh Academy

: Ismail, The Tarikh-i-Rashidi a History :
I and University joined the Indian Army, : of the Moguls of Central India, The Heart
of Asia (with F. H. B. Skrine), Life and
1857, and Indian Staff Corps, 1897: became
Lt-General, 1897 served in Indian : Times of Omar Khayyam, Introduction to
mutiny, 1858-9 raised mule transport : Beckford's Vathek, etc. Ph.D. :
ROSS, SIR JOHN (1829-1905) Burmese expedition, 1886-7 Com-
in the :
mandant Kuram Militia, 1894-7 Political :
Born March 18, 1829 son of F. M. Sir

:
Officer with Kuram column, Tirah expe-
Hew Dalrymple Ross, G.C.B. joined the :
dition, 1897-8 N.W. Frontier. 1898-9
: :
Rifle Brigade, served in the Crimea,

1846 :
CLE. and Brevet-Major, Political Officer
at Alma, Inkerman and Sebastopol, 1854-
in charge of Khyber Pass, 1899 author of :
5 in Indian mutiny, at the battle of

:
A Manual of Pushtu, etc. F.R.G.S. :
Cawnpur and capture of Lucknow at :
Kalpi, and in the Central India campaign, ROST, REINHOLD (1822-1896)

1857-8 Brevet-Lt-Col. and C.B.
:
N.W. :
Born Feb. 1822, at Eisenberg in Saxe-

2,
Frontier, 1863-4 Brig-General, Bengal :
Altenburg son of Charles Rost educated

: :
1874, and 1875-80 commanded Perak :
at Jena University, Ph.D came to Eng- :
expedition in the Malay Peninsula, 1875-6,

land, 1847, and, 1851-96, was Oriental
and the Indian forces sent to Malta, 1878 :
Missionary
Lecturer at St. Augustine's
in the Afghan war, 1878-80, commanded
College,Canterbury became Secretary :
2nd Division Kabul Field Force and in :
to the Royal Asiatic Society, 1863, and

the Kabul-Kandahar march commanded
Librarian at the India Office, 1869 retired :
the Infantry Division, and was second in CLE.,

1839 : LL.D., Edinburgh, 1877 :
command under Sir F. Roberts K.C.B. : :
1888 knew 20 to 30 Oriental languages,

commanded the Poona Division of Bombay
:
including Sanskrit, Pali, Tamil, Telugu,

Army, 1881-6 C. in C. Canada, 1888-93
: :
Burmese, Malay, Malagasy, Swahili, be-

General and G.C.B. 1891 Colonel Com- , :
Urdu, and dialects of Africa,

sides Arabic,
mandant of the Rifle Brigade, 1903 died :
China, etc., some completely, some suffici-

Jan. 5, 1905.
ently to teach he edited H. H. Wilson's
:
Essays on Sanskrit Literature and the

ROSS, PATRICK (1740 ?-1804) Religion of the Hindus Brian Hodgson's :
Born about 1740 joined the Engineers, :

Essays on Indian Subjects Trubner's :
1758 served in the W. Indies

: Chief :
Oriental Record and published papers
:
Engineer and Lt-Colonel at Madras, 1770 :

on Indo-China among his works were
:
Member of Council Chief Engineer in :

articles in the Encyclopedia Britannica,
operations against Tanjore, 1 771-5 re- '
Oriental] philology
and the Athenceuni, on :
novated the defences of Fort St. George at a Treatise on the Indian Sources of the
Madras, 1778 served at the Cape against
:
Ancient Burmese Laws, etc. etc. : one of
the Dutch and under Stuart against the greaetst linguists of the age honoured :
Tippoo, 1783 at the siege of Cudda-

:
by learned Societies and decorated by
lore, 1783 under Cornwallis in 1791
:
foreign countries died Feb. 7, 1896. :
against Tippoo took Savandrug, Dec.:
1791: at siege of Seringapatam, 1792 Maj- :

ROTH, RUDOLPH VON (1821-1895)
General, 1797 superintended operations
:
Born 1821, at Stuttgart

April 3,
of 1798-9 went home in 1802 M.P. for
: :
educated at Tiibingen, under Heinrich

Horsham, 1802 died Aug. 24, 1804.
:
Ewald took the degree of Ph. D. studied

: :
at Paris under Burnouf and in England, :
ROSS, RONALD (1857- )

working at Vedic and Zend MSS. at the
Major son of General Sir C. C. G. Ross,
:
India House and the Bodleian at Tiibin- :
{q.v.)K.C.B.: educated at St. Bartholomew's gen, 1846, published treatises on the

Hospital, London entered Indian Medical : Literature and History of the Vedas : in
Service, 1881 commenced special study
:
1848 Extraordinary, and in 1856 Ordinary
of malaria, 1892 discovered life history :
Professor, and Chief of the University
of malaria parasites in mosquitoes, 1897-8 Library collaborating with Bohtlingk
:
visited West Africa, 1899 retired, 1890 :

{q.v.) he dealt with the Vedic period in the
author of scientific works C.B., 1902 :
Sanskrit Dictionary of the Imperial
F.R.S., 1901 F.R.C.S., 1901
: Professor :
Academy of St. Petersburg, 1855-75 he :
of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool. was the real founder of Vedic philology :
edited the Atharva Veda catalogued the :
ROSS-KEPPEL, GEORGE ( ? - )
Indian MSS. in the University Library
Major joined the Royal Scots Fusiliers.
: of Tiibingen, 1865 contributed largely :
1886, and Indian Staff Corps, 1900 served : to scientific Journals, chiefly articles on
the Vedas wrote also on Indian medicine,
:
F.R.G.S. M.R.A.S.
: : Univ. Teacher of
and on the Avesta, and lectured on the Sanskrit, 1903.
history of religions ennobled by the :
King of Wurtemburg for his Oriental ROUTLEDGE, JAMES (1829-1898)

scholarship : died at Tiibingen, June 23,
1895. Journalist began his career in the N. of :
England: went to Calcutta, 1869 edited :
ROTHNEY OCTAVIUS EDWARD the Friend of India, and was correspondent

(1824-1881) for India to the Times: left India in
1872 became Editor of the Oudh Adver-
:
Colonel entered the Army, 1841
: in :
and the Western Daily Mercury died
tiser,
the Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 in Colonel :
:
April 25, 1898 wrote English Rule and :

Mackeson's force against the Hasanzais,
Native Opinion in India, 1878.
1852-3 in Pegu, 1854
: at Ludiana in :
1857, held it with the 4th Sikh N.I with :
the regt. at the siege and taking of Delhi, ROWLANDS, SIR HUGH (1829- )
1857, and many subsequent engagements : Entered the Army, 1849, and became
joined the Bengal Staff Corps commanded : General, 1894 served in the Crimea^ :
the Lahore Division Lt-Colonel, 1867 :

1854-5 V.C. and Brevet-Major
:
:
Kafir :
C.S.I., 1868 and C.B. died Jan. i, 1881.

: : war, 1877-9 commanded Bangalore :
District of the Madras Army, 1884-9

ROTTLER, DR. JOHN PETER commanded Scottish District, 1895-6 r
-
(1749-1836) K.C.B., 1898.

Danish Missionary and botanist born :
June, 1749 educated at the Gymnasium

:
ROXBURGH, WILLIAM (1761-1816)
and University, Strasburg ordained at :
Born June 3, 1751 educated at Edin- :

Copenhagen, 1775 reached Tranquebar, :
burgh became a Surgeon's Mate in the

:
1776 studied Tamil, and Indian Botany

: :
E. I. Co.'s marine M.D. and Assistant
made Doctor of Philosophy by the Univer- : :
Surgeon in the Madras medical service in

sity of Erlangen, 1795 supplied botanical :
1776 in charge of the Botanic Garden

:
specimens of S. Indian flora to Europe :
at Samulcotta, near Coconada, 1781-93 i
toured in Ceylon, 1796 many of his :
studied the flora of the Northern Sircars

plants and the catalogue sent to Kew to
:
:
the E. I. Co.'s Botanist in the Carnatic ::
Madras, 1803 Secretary and Chaplain
:
Plants of the Coast of Coromandel published

of the Female Orphan Asylum from 1808 :
from his drawings appointed first Super- :
Chaplain at Puhcat, 1814-8 left the :

intendent of the Botanic Gardenn, ear
Danish Mission, and succeeded Paezold
Calcutta, and Chief Botanist
of the E. I. Co.
in the Vepery Mission, Madras, 18 17, under
in 1793 held the offices, until he retired
:
the S.P.C.K. died Jan. 24, 1836 : made a :

in 1813 died at Edinburgh, Feb. 18, 1815
: :
Tamil dictionary, and translated the
F.R.A.S. F.L.S. F.S. Arts, and F.R.S.,.
: :
Prayer Book into Tamil.

Edinburgh wrote the Hortus Bengalensis, :
and Flora Indica, which was not published

ROUSE, WILLIAM HENRY DENHAM complete until 1832, " an admirable pro-
(1863- )
duction the descriptions are accurate and
:
Born May 30, 1863 son of Rev. G. H. = graphic, and its authorship justly entitles
Rouse educated at Doveton College,
: Roxburgh to his title of the Father of In- '
Calcutta, and Christ's College, Cambridge : dian Botany " wrote A Botanical Descrip- ' :
Scholar and Fellow Master at Bedford : tion of a New Species of Swietenia, a Mahog-
Grammar School, 1886-8 Cheltenham : any.besides papers for the Linnaean Society,
College, Rugby School, 1896-
1890-5 : the Society of Arts, in Asiatic Researches,
1901 : Headmaster Perse Grammar School, etc. etc. a most ardent and enthusiastic
:
Cambridge, since 1901 : editor of The botanist, and a good gardener the first :
Jataka, or Stories of the Buddha's former botanist who attempted to draw up a

Births, translated from the Pali by various systematic account of the plants of India :
hands, The Giant Crab, and other Tales he paid much attention also to economic
of Old India, The Talking Thrush and botany. His monument, with a Latin
other Indian Stories, several of the Temple inscription by Bishop Heber, is in the-
Classics and other school books Litt. D. : : Royal Botanic Garden, near Calcutta.
Z^6 DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
ROYDS, SIR JOHN (1752-1817) the first Government Pleader : Member
of the Bengal Legislative Council on its
Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court,
formation, 1862 would have been a
Calcutta, for more than 20 years, " during
:
Puisne Judge of the High Coiurt, but for

which period he conscientiously discharged
his death, 1862 his family had been
:
his important duties with honour to him-

outcasted for his father's visit to England,
self and with advantage to the public,
but he had purchased re-admission to
while he benefited and adorned the society
caste left a very large fortune, made at
:
in which he lived by the benevolence of his

the bar.
disposition and the accomplishments of a
scholar and gentleman " Vice-President :
ROY, RAJA RAMMOHAN (1772-1833)
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1815 :
died Sep. 24, 1817.

Son of Ramkanta Roy, who was manager
of some estates of the Maharaja of Burd-
wan studied Persian and Arabic at
ROYLE, JOHN FORBES
:
(1799-1858)
Patna and Sanskrit at Benares was
: :
Son ofWilliam Henry Royle

Capt. :
particularly well versed in Sanskrit litera-
born at Cawnpur, 1799 educated at :
ture. At the age of 15 he published his
Edinburgh and Addiscombe, but became famous work on Idolatry in Bengali, in
an Assistant Surgeon in Bengal, 1819 :
which he contended that the popular
M.D. Superintendent of the Botanic
: religion of the Hindus was contrary to
Garden at Saharanpur, 1823-31 cul- :
the practice of their ancestors and the
tivated useful vegetable products retired : :
doctrine of the ancient authorities. For
Doctor of Medicine, Munich wrote Illus- :
this he incurred his father's displeasure and
.trations of the Botany and Natural His- was turned out of the house he wandered :
tory of the Himalaya Mountains, 1839 :

for 4 years, even to Tibet. He was read-
advocated the introduction of cinchona mitted by his mother on his father's death.
into India Professor of Materia Medica
:
At the age of 21 he commenced the study
and Therapeutics at King's College, of English, in which he became proficient :
London, 1837-56 (had charge of a

:
he also studied French, Latin, Greek, and
museum, at the India House, of vegetable Hebrew. Employed in the Collectorate
productions of India was F.R.S., F.L.S.,
;
at Rangpur, he rose to be Sarishtadar, but
Fellow and Secretary of the Geological, retired from Government service in 18 13.
Linnaean, Royal Asiatic, and Royal He then commenced a crusade against the
Horticultural Societies wrote a manual :
popular religion. Going to Calcutta, he
on Materia Medica, 184' a book on the :
translated into Bengali the Vedanta and the
fibrous plants of India, and works on Vedantasara and the Upanishads the :
cotton and other products, and the Natural latter he also translated into English. He
History of India distinguished for his
:
studied the Koran in Arabic, the Old
practical application of botanic science :
Testament in Hebrew, and the New Testa-
a Commissioner of the great Exhibition of ment in Greek. In 1820 he published, in
1851, and in charge of the Indian Depart- Sanskrit and Bengali, Precepts of Jesus, the
ment also at the Paris Exhibition, 1855
:
:
Guide to Peace and Happiness, in which he
died Jan. 2, 1858. denied the Divinity of Clirist. This
brought him into controversy with the
ROYLE, JOSEPH RALPH EDWARD Serampur Missionaries, and on their
JOHN (1844- )
refusal to print his Final Appeal, he
Born Dec. 3, 1844 son of Dr. John : established a press of his own. Dr. Marsh-
Forbes Royle {q.v.): educated at King's man answered him, and the publications
College School, London, and Addiscombe :
attracted considerable attention, both in
joined the Army, 1862, and retired England and America. Rammohan soon
through ill-health, 1867 Superintendent, : after founded a Periodical, called The
Indian Museum, 1874-9 Statistical : Brahmanical Magazine, with the object of
Department, India Office, 1879-91 CLE., : defending the religious books of the
1886. Hindus. He formed a religious associa-
tion, called the Atmya Sabha, and in
ROY, RAMA PRASAD ( ? -1862) 1828 founded the Brahmo Samaj " for the
Youngest son of Raja Ram Mohan Roy worship and adoration of the Eternal,
(iq.v.) : practised in the 5arfy Court, Calcutta: Unsearchable, Immutable Being, who is
the Author and Preserver of th? Universe." charges, including those of corruption and
The objects of the new Church were oppression, against him were defeated and
described in the trust-deed of 1830. This he was acquitted, but his case was unfairly
new Theism aimed at " the calm worship represented for a long time was M.P. for :
of the Deity, the practice of virtue and Yarmouth, 1781, and Weymouth, 1784-90 :
charity, reverence for all that is sincere he died Nov. 11, 1791.
and helpful in every faith, and active
participation in every movement for the RUNDALL, FRANCIS HORNBLOW
bettering of mankind." He claimed to (1823- )
have established a pure monotheistic form Born Dec. son of Col, Charles
22, 1823 '
of worship for the benefit of Hindus, Rundall educated at Kensington and

:
Muhamadans, and Christians. As a Addiscombe joined the Indian Engineers

:
social reformer he preached against Sati, at Madras, 1843 served in the P.W.D. :
Polygamy and Kulinism, and advocated under Sir Arthur Cotton, in the Godavery
the remarriage of widows. In 1830 he District, till 185 1 held various irrigation :
received the title of Raja from the ex- charges Chief Engineer for E. I. Irrigation
:
Emperor of Delhi, and was deputed by Company's Bihar and Orissa Irrigation
him to visit England, to advocate certain works, 1861 Chief Engineer to Govern-
:
claims. There, as a repubhcan in his ment of Bengal for Irrigation, 1866 :
politics, he was well received by the reform- Inspr-General of Irrigation with the
ing liberals and advanced thinkers. In Government of India, 1871-4 retired, :
1 83 1 he visited France returned to :

1874 C.S.I. 1875
: General, 1885.
, :
England, he was present at the passing of

the India Bill in 1833. Max Miiller,
RUNDALL, FRANK MONTAGU
Monier Williams, the poet Campbell, (1851- )
Brougham and Bentham befriended him.
In 1833, on the invitation of Dr. Carpenter, Born May 18, 185 1 son of General :
he went to live at Bristol and, while F. H. Rundall [q.v.), R.E. educated at :
meditating a voyage to America, died of Marlborough joined the Berkshire regt.,

:
fever, at Stapleton Grove, on Sep. 27, and Indian Staff Corps served in Upper :
1833. He was one of the founders of the Burma on Staff of General Lockhart,
Hindu College in Calcutta in 18 17, and in 1886-7 Chin-Lushai expedition, 1889-
:
1823 addressed a letter to Lord Amherst 90 : commanded in the Chin Hills and
on the comparative merits of English and conducted operations against Kanhow
Sanskrit education. Chins, 1891 D.S.O. Manipur expedition,
: :
1891 : Waziristan campaign, 1895-6 :
RUMBOLD, SIR THOMAS, BARONET China expedition, 1900-1 Lt-Colonel :
(1736-1791) author of Manual of Chin Language.

Governor son of WiUiam Rumbold
: :
bom June 15, 1736 went out as a writer

:
RUNGA CHARLU, CETTIPANIAM
in the E.I. Co.'s Civil Service, 1752, but VIRAVALLI (1831-1883)
changed to the Army served under Strin-
: Born 1831 son of a clerk in the Chingle-
:
ger Lawrence,>i754, under Clive at Calcutta, put District (Madras) educated at :
1756-7, and was his A.D.C. at Plassy : Pachaiyappa's School and the High
*'
Chief " at Patna, 1763 Member of : School, Madras served in the Chingleput,:
Council in Bengal, 1766-9 retired M.P.

: : Salem and Nellore Districts in 1859 was :
for Shoreham, 1770 was Governor of

: appointed Special Assistant to the Inam
Madras, Feb. 1778, to April, 1780 had : Commission, and, when that work came
difficulties in connexion with the Northern to an end, was entrusted with the special
Sircars, readjusting the system previously duty of reporting on the working of Indian
in force : took Pondicherry, Oct. 17, 1778 : Railways became Treasury Deputy
:
made a Baronet in anticipation of Hyder

: Collector at Calicut (1864). and in 1868
All's threatened invasion of the Carnatic, was appointed Comptroller of the Mysore
made arrangements to depose him retired : Palace in 1874 he published a pamphlet
:
from ill-health : treated in England as on The British Administration of Mysore :
responsible for Hyder's invasion and became Revenue Secretary to the Chief
dismissed the service by the Court of Commissioner of Mysore CLE. in 1880 :
:
Directors on inquiry by Parliament, the

: in 1 88 1 was appointed Diwan of Mysore.
The reorganization of the Judicial and RUSSELL, GEORGE WILLIAM
Forest Departments, the introduction of ERSKINE (1853- )
Railways, the reduction of the State debt, Born Feb. son of Lord Charles
3, 1853 •
and the organization of the Representative Russell educated at Harrow and Univer-
:
Assembly of notables occupied his

sity College, Oxford Scholar M.P. for : :
attention, but he did not live long enough

Aylesbury, 1880-5, and for N. Bedford-
to see his reforms completed, He died in shire, 1892-5 Parliamentary Secretary:
1883. to the Local Government Board, 1883-5 .-
Under Secretary for India, 1892-4 and :
RUSSELL, SIR DAVID (1809-1884) for the Home Department, 1894-5 on =
Son James Russell born 1809

of Col. : :
the London County Council, 1889-95 :
educated at Edinburgh and Dresden wrote a life of W. E. Gladstone, and oi

entered the Army, 1828 commanded the :
Sydney Smith Collections and Recollec- :
5 th Brigade at the relief of Lucknow by and edited Matthew Arnold's letters.

tions,
Sir Colin Campbell and a Brigade at the :
assaults on the Alambagh, and at the RUSSELL, SIR HENRY, BARONET

capture of Lucknow C.B. K.C.B. in : : (1761-1836)
: General, 1877 : :
Son of Michael Russell : born Aug. 8,
commanded the S.E. District, 1868-72 :
1751 educated at Charterhouse and
:
died Jan. 16, 1884. Queen's College, Cambridge called to the :
bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1783 Commissioner :
RUSSELL, SIR EDWARD LECHMERE in Bankruptcy, 1775 Puisne Judge of the :
(1818-1904) Supreme Court, Calcutta, 1708 knighted : :
Son of Maj-General L. C. S. Russell, made Chief Justice, 1807 Baronet, 18 12 : .-
C.B. : born in 181 8 educated at Trinity

:
retired, 1813 Privy Councillor, 1816:
:
Cambridge joined the 12th died Jan. 18, 1836.

College, :
Bombay and served in the

N.I. in 1837,
RUSSELL, SIR HENRY, BARONET
Afghan and Sind campaigns of 1842-3 :
(1783-1852)
was Adjutant of the Sind Irregular
Born May 1783 son of Sir Henry
27,
Horse at Miani, Hyderabad, Oomercote
:
:
Russell, Bart, (q.v.), Chief Justice of Bengal,

Military Secretary in 1856 to Lord Elphin-
1807-13 went to Calcutta with his
stone. Governor of Bombay in command
:
:
father. May, 1798 appointed a writer, :

at the base in the Abyssinian expedition of
Nov. 1798 Assistant
Secretary to the
1868, and was made a K. C.S.I, for his
:
Resident at Hyderabad, 1800 Secretary.

Political Resident and Com-
:
services :
1802 Third Member of the Commission

mandant Aden, 1868-71 at commanded :
:
appointed to investigate the claims of the

the Northern Division of the Bombay
Army, 1872-6, and then retired General, :
Nawab of the Carnatic, 1807 officiating :
Resident at Poona, 1809 Resident at =
1877 : died at Bath, Jan. 1904.

Hyderabad, 181 1-20, during the Mahratta-
Pindari war, in which the Nizam's Army
RUSSELL, GEORGE EDWARD proved of much service, Lord Wellesley
(1787-1863) spoke of Russell, when Resident, as the
I.C.S. son of Claud Russell, M.C.S.
: :
most promising young man he knew :
educated at Eton went out to Madras in :

proceeded to Europe, Dec. 27, 1820 was :
the Civil Service, 1802 Member of the :

out of service in 1826, having exceeded 5.
Board of Revenue, Madras, 1822 First :
years' absence from India he wrote ^1842- :
Member, 1824 acting Resident at Mysore,

:
9) letters to the Times, signed " Civis,"'
1832 :Special Commissioner, 1832, to which were reprinted died April 19, 1852. :
inquire into the causes of disturbances in

Ganjam and Vizagapatam restored tran- :
RUSSELL, SIR JAMES (1781-1859)
quillity in 1834 on the occurrence of
: Son of Col. William Russell : born at
disturbances in Gumsur, 1835, Russell was Madras, entered the E. I. Co.'s
1781 :
sent on a special mission and quelled the military service, Madras, 1795 engaged in :
insurrection there and among the Khonds : the principal military affairs in India,
Member of Council, Madras, Sep. 1834, to 1799-1825 Colonel of the 2nd Madras
:
Jan. 1838 retired died Oct. 20, 1863.

: : Cavalry, 1824 General, 1854 commanded.
: :
a Brigade of Cavalry at Mahidpur, and 1827 :Chief Justice of Bengal in 1832 :
distinguished himself C.B., 1818 : : K.C.B., knighted: died Jan. 22, 1833: wrote
1837 died May 16, 1859.
:
Treatise on Crimes and Misdemeanours
declared to be the best general treatise on
RUSSELL, PATRICK (1727-1805) criminal law and on other legal subjects.
;
Son of John Russell born Feb. 6, 1727 : :
M.D. Edinburgh doctor at Aleppo, 1750 : RUSTOMJI, HEERJIBHOYMANACKJI

-71 : returned to London : F.R.S., 1777 : (1845-1904)
went to India, 1781, to Vizagapatam Born May son of Manackji
12, 1845 :
became botanist in the Carnatic to the Rustomji {q.v.). Sheriff of Calcutta

E. I. Co. 1785-9 wrote on The Poisonous :
educated at St. Paul's School, Calcutta,
Snakes of the Coromandel Coast, a Treatise 1854-61, and Calcutta University became :
on the Plague, 1791 edited the Natural :

Deputy Accountant of the National Bank
History of Aleppo, and wrote a preface to at Bombay returned to Calcutta, 1866,
:
Roxburgh's Plants of the Coromandel and went into business Member of the :
Coast, 1795 also on Fishes died July 2,

: :
Corporation of Calcutta since 1882 :
1805. elected, 1892, Head of the Parsis on his
father's death: Consul for Persia in Calcutta,
RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM, BARONET and Fellow of Calcutta University Vice- :
(1822-1892)
President of the Bengal National Chamber
Born April 5, 1822 son of Sur William :
of Commerce Sheriff of Calcutta, 1901-2
:
Russell, M.D., Bart. succeeded to the :

a distinguished Freemason Justice of the :
Baronetcy, 1839 entered the 7th Hussars, :

Peace Hony. Magistrate held a number
: :
1841 M.P. for Dover, 1857-9

: the : m of lesser offices CLE., 1903 died May: :
Indian mutiny with his regt. at siege of 8, 1904.

Lucknow, March, 1858, and afterwards
under Hope Grant at Nawabganj, and RUSTOMJI, MANACKJI (1815-1891)
Sultanpur in Horsford's Field Force
: :
son
Born in Bombay,
Sep. 26, 1815 :
drove the rebels into Nipal, Feb. 1859 "

of Rustomji Cowasji, a " merchant prince
:
Lt-Colonel, 1858 C.B., 1859 M.P. for : =

in his day head of the firm of Rustomji
:
Norwich, 1860-74 Lt-General, 1881

Cowasji & Co., Calcutta
:
=
educated at :
died March 19, 1892.

the Elphinstone School, Bombay: after
HOWARD establishing a branch firm in Canton,
RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM
(1820- )
joined the firm in Calcutta, 1837* which
owned the " opium clippers " to China :
Born March 28, 1820 : son of John suffered in the Union Bank failure of 1849 :
Russell Trinity College,

educated at
:
succeeded his father as head of the firm,
Dublin journahst and war correspondent
:
1852 the first native gentleman appointed
:
for the Times, in Schleswig-Holstein, 1850 :

Sheriff of Calcutta, 1874: was J.P. :
Crimea, 1854-6 Indian mutiny, 1857-8

:
:
Presidency Magistrate: Member of the

Italian campaign, 1859 Civil war in :
Calcutta Corporation head of the Parsi .
U.S.A., 1861-4 Danish war, 1864 :

:
community in Calcutta: Consul for
Prussian- Austrian war, 1866 Franco- :
Persia from 1870: Director of several
German war, 1870 South African war, :
companies: died at Calcutta, Dec. 22,
1879-80 : 1883-4 : accompanied H.R.H. 1891 :his picture is in the Town
Hall,
the Prince of Wales on his Indian Tour, Calcutta, and a scholarship was founded
editor. Army and Navy Gazette:
1875-6 at the University in his memory.
:
author of several books, including Diary

of India, etc.: K.B. 1895 F.I.I.: F.R.G.S. :
:
RYAN, SIR EDWARD (1793-1875)
F.Z.S.
Born Aug. son of William
28, i793 =
RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM OLDNALL Ryan: educated at Trinity CoUege,

(1785-1833) Cambridge called to the bar at Lincoln's
:
Inn, 1817 appointed, in 1826, a Puisne

Son of Samuel Oldnall : bom 1785 '• :
Calcutta:
maternal grandfather, Judge of the Supreme Court at
took the name of his of
Russell, educated at Christ
in 1816 :
knighted, and became Chief Justice
in 1843
Bengal, 1833. until he retired
:
Church, Oxford called to the bar from :

Bengal,
was serjeant-at-law, President of the Asiatic Society of
Lincoln's Inn, 1809 :
1832 :became a Privy Councillor, and in the Malpura Nizamat in the Jhalawar :
Member of the Judicial Committee of the State, 1889-95 as Census Superintendent

Privy Council, 1843 Railway Commis- :
1891, and as Accountant and Comptroller :
sioner, 1846 Member of the Board of : and again in Bhartpur, 1895-1905, as

Trade, 1848 Assistant Controller of the
: Nazim and District Magistrate and Presi-
Exchequer, 1851-62 Civil Service Com- : dent of the Municipal Board translated :
missioner, 1855, and President of the Com- Aitchison's Treaties into Urdu wrote the :
mission in 1862 and its guiding spirit : : A nnals of Rajputana in Urdu and in English :
Vice -Chancellor of the University of the History of Bhartpur Dee^, its History :
London, 1 871-4 Vice-President of the : and Palaces, The Loyal Rajputana, a record
Royal Asiatic Society, 1847-75 F.G.S., : of the services of the Rajputana chiefs to
and F.R.S. died Aug. 22, 1875 author
: : the British Government during the mu-
of some legal works. tiny ; and has in the press a History of
Rajputana from the time of the advent
SACHAU, CARL EDUARD (1845- ) of the British into Rajputana was for :
some time President of the Jaipur Theo-

Phil. Dr.: born July 20, 1845, at Neu-
sophical Society constantly employed on
:
mlinster, Schleswig-Holstein son of Claus :
inter-State disputes retired from service

:
Jacob Sachau studied at Rendsburg, :

on Aug. 3, 1905.
Kiel, Leipzig and Berlin catalogued the :
Persian MSS. in the Bodleian Library, SALAR JANG, NAWAB SIR

1869 Professor of Semitic Languages at
:
y. (1829-1883)
Vienna, 1869-76 Professor of Oriental :
Statesman his real name was Mir

Languages at the Royal University, Berlin, :
Turab AH Khan born Jan. 1829, son

from 1876 till now: since 1887 Director of
:
of Mir Muhammad Ali Khan a scion of a

the Seminar for living Oriental Languages
:
noble family settled in Hyderabad his

at Berlin has travelled much in different
:
:
grandfather and great-grandfather had

parts of Asia, and is well known as a
been in the service of the Nizam as Minis-
Semitic scholar his great work in relation :
ters of State educated privately, and

to India is his Arabic edition of Alberunis
:
took service under the State in May,

India,3in. account of the civilization of India
:
1853, on the death of his uncle, Suraj-ul-

about A. D. 1030 (published i887,followedby
mulk, Prime Minister of Hyderabad, he
an English edition of the same (1888) :
was called on to administer its affairs as

has also published Indo-Arabische Studien,
Prime Minister. He disbanded large
dealing with the same period since 1887, :
bands of Arab troops, subdued robber

a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences
Berlin Doctor of Letters, honoris
chieftains, and put down lawlessness
at :
Member of the Academies

refilledthe Treasury, which was almost
causa at Oxford :
Vienna and St. Petersburg Hony. empty during the mutiny of 1857 he
:
of :
of the American Oriental rendered invaluable services to the Indian

M.R.A.S. :
of the London Society for Government, and, through his influence.

Society :
Central India and the Dekkan and Hydera-

Biblical Archaeology.
bad remained loyal he sent timely :
warning to the Residency, when it was

SAHAI, JWALA (1838- threatened with attack. From 1859 to 1869
Born Kayastha Mathur
1838, of the intrigues were on foot to depose him, and
caste son of Lala Kripa
: Krishna, on two occasions his life was attempted.
employe in the Ulwar State educated : During the hfetime of the Nizam Afzal-ud-
at Ulwar and at the Government College, daula, he was hardly a free agent. In
Delhi Tutor and Private Secretary to the
: 1869, on the death of the Nizam, he was
Raja of Khetri, and Civil and Criminal made a co- Regent of the State, during the
Judge there, 1859-70 in the Bhartpur : minority of the successor. In 1876 he
State, 1870-9, as Superintendent, P.W.D. visited England, in the hope of obtaining
Civil and Criminal Judge, and Private Sec- the restitution of the Berars, which was
retary to the Maharaja in the Oodeypmr : the ambition of his life. On his return
State, 1879-80, as Boundary Commissioner to India he continued to administer the
in the Jaipur State, 1880-8 as Mir Munshi : affairs of the State till his death from
of the State Council, Census Superinten- cholera, on Feb. 8, 1883. His sudden
dent of the State, 1881, Nazim(Collr-Magte) death was attributed to poison, but there
was no evidence. He was a remarkable General, K.C.B. wintered at Jalalabad

: :
man, a gentleman in every sense of the in the fighting in the Kohistan defeated :
word, of great ability, and ever loyal to Dost Muhammad at Parwandarra, Nov. 2,
the Nizam, though he was always an object 1840 : on the rising of the hill tribes in Oct.
of suspicion to his jealous master. He 1 84 1, Sale forced the Khurd Kabul and
was G.C.S.I., and a D.C.L. of Oxford. reached Jalalabad, Nov. 12, 1841 being :
unable to return to Kabul, as ordered by

SALAR JANG BAHADUR II, NAWAB Elphinstone {q-v.), was besieged with
SIR (1862-1889) his force, " the illustrious garrison,"
Son of Jung i,q.v.), Prime
Sir Salar in Jalalabad by Afghans until April 7,
Minister of Hyderabad born 1862 his : :
1842, when he defeated Akbar Khan
birth name was Mir Laik Ali Khan on his : made G.C.B. relieved
: by Pollock's
father's death, in 1883, he was appointed Army of Retribution accompanied him to :
Secretary to the Council of Regency, and Kabul, Sep. 1842 met the recovered
:
was made Prime Minister in 1884. The captives on Sep. 18, and returned to India :
course of his administration not running Q.M.G. in India, 1844 was with the C. in :
smooth with the Nizam, he resigned his C. at Mudki, and was mortally wounded
office in April, 1887, and in the same year there died Dec. 21, 1845.
:
visited England, where he was made

K.C.I.E. : died July, 1889. SALE-HILL, SIR ROWLEY SALE
(1839- )
SALE, FLORENTIA, LADY (1790P-1853)

Born Nov. 6, 1839 son of Captain :
Daughter George Wynch, of the

of Rowley John Hill: educated at King
Civil Service,grand-daughter of Alexander William's College, Isle of Man entered :
Wynch, Governor (1775-6) of Madras: the Bengal Army, 1876, and became Maj-
married (Sir) Robert Henry Sale, 1809 :
General, 1885 Lt-General, 1890, and
:
was with him in Kabul, 1840-1, and was in General, 1896 served in the Indian
:
the disastrous retreat from Kabul, in Jan. mutiny, 1857-8 Bhutan campaign,
:
1842 she and other women and children

: 1865-6 Hazara campaign, 1868 Malay
:
:
were carried oflf as captives by Akbar Khan Peninsula expedition, 1875-6 Afghan :
as far as Bameean, until, in Sep. 1842, they campaigns, 1878-80 C.B. in command : :
bribed the Afghan officers in charge of of Akka expedition, N.E. frontier, 1883-4
them to release them, and were recovered commanded Rawal Pindi Brigade, 1882
by Sir Richmond Shakespear on Sep. xj- Eastern Frontier District, 1882-6 K.C.B :
Lady Sale kept a diary throughout, 1902.

published as her lournal of the Disasters
in Afghanistan, 1843 was given a pension : SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TAL-
of £500 a year she remained in the hills
: BOT GASCOIGNE CECIL, THIRD
in India, after Sale's death of his wound MARQUIS OF (1830-1903)
at Mudki in 1845 died at the Cape, July
:
Born Feb.3, 1830 son of the second :
6, 1853- Marquis: educated at Eton and Christ

Church, Oxford: Fellow of All Souls'
SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY College M.P. for Stamford, 1853-68
:
:
(1782-1845) Secretary of State for

Marquis, 1868 :
to
Son of Colonel Sale born Sep. 19, 1782 :
:
India as Lord Cranborne, July 6, 1866,
educated at Ealing entered the Army, :
March 9, 1867 and again as Marquis of
:
1795 went to Madras, 1798 was in the

: :
Salisbury, Feb. 22, 1874. to March 30,
of
Mysore war of 1798-9, at Mallavilli and 1878: Chancellor of the University
Seringapatam against Tippoo and
:
Oxford, 1869: wrote for the QuarUrly
Dhoondia Waugh and Paichi Raja his career
Review and other Periodicals :
Secretary,
against Travancore, 1809 in the Mauritius :
as Ambassador, etc., Foreign
to
expedition, 18 10-3, and Bourbon, to and thrice Prime Minister, belongs
English and European politics and
in the first Burmese history
1815 Major, 1813
: :
war, 1824-6, at Kemendine and Kamarut died Aug. 22, 1903 K.G. D.C.L. LL.D.
= : :
tookBassein at Prome and Maloun C.B.

: :
SALKELD, PHILIP ( ? -1857)
in the Afghan war, 1838, commanded in
advanced Brigade to Kandahar, April, Joined the Bengal Engineers, 1848,
on the outbreak of the mutmy
:
at Girishk, Ghazni, Kabul Maj- Bengal :

1839 : :
was Executive Engineer, P.W.U., at ner, or Somers, which the soldiers changed
Delhi escaped to Meerut from the
: into Sombre and the natives pronounced
massacre at Delhi, May 12, 1857 was at : Samru enlisted in the E. I. Co.'s service
:
the battles of the Hindun and Badli-ka- in Bengal was at Dacca

: deserted in 18 :
sarai through the siege of Delhi from

: days to Chandernagore, to M. Law then :
June 8 to Sep. 14, 1857: *' Salkeld's bat- to Nawab Safdar Jang in Oudh then :
tery " was near Hindu Rao's house was : joined Suraj-ad-daula's service as servant :
told off to blow up the Kashmir gate of to an Armenian, Gregory, served under
Delhi, at the assault on Sep. 14 was : Mir Kasim, and commanded two battalions:
wounded in endeavouring to fire the treacherously captured and massacred 51
charge: lingered, and died Oct. 11, 1857 : English gentlemen and 100 others at
was awarded the V.C. Patna, Oct. 1763 fled to the Nawab
:
Wazir of Oudh at Lucknow served under :
SALMONE, HABIB ANTHONY Bhartpur, and Jaipur, and Najaf Khan,

(1860-1904) the Wazir of the Emperor of Delhi :
Born at Beyrout, Sep. i, i860 : son of received a valuable estate at Sardhana,

a naturalized British subject and dis- where he made a fort and settled, living
tinguished scholar member of the R.A.S.,
:
with the Begam Samru (q.v.) an unedu- :
1884: wrote On the Importance to Great cated man of low, cruel character, of no
Britain of the Study of Arabic Lecturer : military capacity, commanding a disre-
on Arabic at University College, London : putable force died at Agra, May 4, 1778.
:
published, 1890, an Arabic-English lexicon,

Honorary Professor of Arabic at King's SAMRU BEGAM ( ? -1836)
College travelled through Turkey, Egypt,
:
Named Zebulnissa, by birth a Kashmiri
Mesopotamia, Syria, Persia, India, 189 1-2 :
by family Georgian lived with Samru :
founded in 1892 the Eastern and Western iq.v.) at Sardhana, and succeeded him in
Review, in Arabic and English, of Oriental command of the estate and of a dissolute
and Imperial affairs, but it came to an force of Europeans, over 200, which was
end in 2 years engaged in journalism
: :
at one time under the control of George
brought out The Imperial Souvenir, a Thomas {q.v.) she became a Roman
:
metrical translation of part of the National Catholic after Samru's death in 1778, and
Anthem into 50 of the languages spoken married a French adventurer named
in the British Empire died Oct. 1904. :
Levassoult, who commanded her force :
escaping from a mutiny of her soldiers, he

SAMBHUNATH PANDIT (1820-1867)
killed himself she was kept captive, but
:
A Kashmir Brahman, whose family had was re-established in power by George

settled in Oudh, and a branch had been Thomas, after reconciliation her forces :
settled in Bengal for some generations :

were greatly increased by her commandant.
son of Sadasib Pandit born in Calcutta, :
Col. Saleur they were defeated at Assaye
:
1820 :educated at Lucknow, Benares, in 1803 and submitted to General Lake

: :
and the Oriental Seminary beginning :

she lived afterwards on friendly terms
as an assistant to the Sadr Court Record- with the English, disbanding her troops.
keeper on Rs. 20 a month, he rose, from She became very rich, and gave large sums
being a Pleader, to be Junior Government in charity to Christian religions, including
Pleader, 18 3 Senior, 1861
: Law Pro- :
Rs. 50,000 to the Bishop of Calcutta, and
fessor at the Presidency College, 1855 :
built Christian churches at Meerut : there
and the first Native Judge of the High she entertained the highest officials in India.
Court, Calcutta, 1863-7 died June 6, :
She died Jan. 27, 1836, over 80 years of
1867 :an authority on Hindu law, and age : leaving 70 to 80 lakhs, partly in
questions of land tenure. charities, the remainder to Dyce Sombre,
her step-grandson, well known by the
SAMRU (1720-1778)
great Dyce-Sombre lawsuit.
Walter Reinhard was his proper name :
born 1720 said variously to have been

SANDEMAN, SIR ROBERT GROVES
:
son of a butcher at Salzburg, or an Alsatian

(1835-1892)
born at Strasburg went to India as a
:
sailor on a French ship deserted at Pondi- : Colonel born Feb. 25. 1835
: son of :
cherry enlisted in French if^rmy as Sum-

: General Robert Turnbull Sandeman :
educated at Perth and St. Andrew's and Oudh in 1858, at Bareh, and other
University joined the : 33rd Bengal actions K.C.B.: refused the command :
Infantry, 1856 and, later, Probyn's : in China, i860 C. in C, Bombay, 1860-5

: :
Horse, the nth Bengal Lancers in the : Lt-General, 1864 C. in C. in India, 1865 :
mutiny, was at the capture of Lucknow -70 during which time a coturt martial was
:
was appointed to the Panjab Commission held on Jervis, a member of the personal
by John Lawrence in charge of Dera : Staff: K.C.S.L,i866 G.C.S.I., 1866 G.C.B., : :
Ghazi Khan district, 1866 negotiated : 1870: commanded in Ireland, 1870-5 :
the treaty with the Khan of Kelat, 1876 : made Lord Sandhurst, 1871 General,i872 : :
C.S.L, 1877 Agent to Governor-General: D.C.L., 1870 took a prominent part in

:
for Beluchistan, 1877-92 K.C.S.L, 1879 : : the debates on the organizing and recon-
he had immense influence with the Khan struction of the military system. He
of Kelat and the Beluchi tribes, and wrote On the Introduction of a Gold Currency
initiated a new frontier policy of influence in India, and had considerable talent in
rather than of non-interference he was : financial matters, whereas his right to be
described as the " kind of man who made regarded as a great soldier has been
empires" died Jan. 29, 1892.: questioned died June 23, 1876.
:
SANDFORD, JOHN DOUGLAS SANKEY, SIR RICHARD HIERAM

(1833-1892) (1829- )
I.C.S. son of Venerable Archdeacon

:
Born March 12, 1829 son of Mathew :
Sandford educated at Rugby and at

: Sankey educated at Addiscombe
: en- :
Trinity College, Oxford Scholar first : :

tered Madras Engineers, 1846, and became
class Moderations and in the Final Classical Lt-General, 1884 Superintendent of the :
school to India in 1856

: served in the :
East Coast Canal, 1856-7 in the mutiny :
N.W.P. Judicial Commissioner of Burma

:
on special duty at Allahabad Field :
and of Mysore left India, 1882 retired, : :

Engineer at Cawnpur Senior Engineer :
1884 died June, 1892.

: Officer with the Gurkha Force under J ang
Bahadiir recommended for the V.C. at
: :
SANDHURST, WILLIAM MANSFIELD, the capture of Lucknow Chief Engineer in :
SECOND BARON (1856- ) Mysore, 1864-77 deputed to Victoria :
Born Aug. 21, 1855 son of first Baron

:
to report on waterworks, 1871 Deputy :
Sandhurst (q-v.) : educated at Rugby Secretary to the Government of India,

entered the Army, 1873, and retired shortly 1877 Commanding Engineer in S.
.
after Under Secretary for War, 1886,

:
Afghanistan under Sir D. Stewart, 1878-9 :
1892-4 Governor of Bombay, 1895-9

: :
Chief Engineer and Secretary P.W.D.,
G.C.I.E. G.C.S.I. :
Madras, 1879, and Member of- Legislative
Council, Fellow, Madras Univer-

Madras :
SANDHURST, WILLIAM ROSE MANS- sity, 1881 resigned P.W.D.,

: 1883 :
FIELD, FIRST BARON (1819-1876) retired from Army, 1884 Chairman of :
Board of Works, Ireland, 1884-96 K.C.B., :
Born June 21, 1819 son of John Mans- :

1892.
and grandson of Sir James Mansfield
field :
educated at the R.M.C., Sandhurst :
joined the 53rd regt., 1835, with which SARASVATI, DAYANANDA (1827-1883)
he went to England in the Satlaj cam- : Of a Brahman family in Morvi in Kattia-
paign, at Badiwal, Aliwal, and at Sobraon war of the Siva sect studied Sanskrit
: :
was A.D.C. to Sir Hugh Gough com- : and the Vedas left his family, went to :
manded his regt. in the Panjab campaign, Benares, and the banks of the Nerbudda
1848-9 :,was at Gujarat Lt-Colonel, 185 1 : : river became a Sanyasi and acquired his
:
saw service on the Peshawar frontier, name (as above) studied Yoga ascetic :
1 85 1-2 was military adviser to the

: philosophy at various places went to :
British Ambassador at Constantinople, Abu, Hardwar, Srinagar, to the Northern

1855 :Consul-General at Warsaw, 1856 : Himalayas, in search of the sages, called
in the mutiny of 1857 was Chief of the Mahatmas was at Meerut in 1880 held
:
:
Staff to Sir Colin Campbell : Maj-General pubUc disputations all over India at :
in the relief and siege of Lucknow, at firsthe had regarded the Vedas as divine
Cawnpur, in the campaign of Rohilkund revelations : these views he modified.
I
limiting the divine inspiration to the rendered to Sir Alexander Burnes in his
Mantras, or hymns only became a : Kabul Mission, and subsequently to the
teacher and lecturer and published San- English during their retreat in 1842 from
skrit texts was the founder and leader
: Kabul, he was banished from Afghanistan,
of the sect of the Arya-Samaj also, to : and took refuge with his family in British
some extent, a reformer, opposed to post- territory, residing at Sardhana near
Vedic abuses died at Ajmir, Oct. 30,
: Meerut granted the title of Khan Sahib
:
1883 :left an autobiographical sketch. and a pension during the mutiny, he

:
behaved with conspicuous loyalty with :
SARASVATI, PANDITA RAMABAI a body of horse, he accompanied Sir

(1858- )
Archdale Wilson to Delhi in both actions :
on the Hindun after the capture of Delhi,

:
Born 1858 daughter of Ananta Sastri, a

:
employed in maintainiilg order there :
Brahman of Mangalore district, who taught made Nawab Bahadur, and given a grant
her Sanskrit and modern Indian languages :
of land with a continuation of his former

after her parents' death, when she was 16,
pension in perpetuity died 1864. :
she travelled with her brother, advocating

female education examined by the :
SARGENT, SIR CHARLES (1821-1900)
Pandits at Calcutta, received the title of
Sarasvati married Bipin Bihari Madhavi,
:
Son of born 1821
William Sargent : :
a Bengali, who died she became a :

educated at King's College, London, and
lecturer: founded, 1881, the Arya Mahila Trinity College, Cambridge 5th Wrangler, :
Samaj at Poona went to England, 1883, :

1843 : Fellow of Trinity, 1845 called to :
to the Sisters' Home at Wantage was :

the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1848 Member :
baptized there, Sep. 1883 became Pro- :

of the Supreme Council of Justice of the
fessor of Sanskrit at the Ladies' College, Ionian Islands, 1858-60, and Chief Justice,
Cheltenham, 1884-6 went to America, :
1860-6 knighted, i860
: Puisne Judge :
and became, 1886, a pupil in the training of the Bombay High Court, 1866 Chief :
school of Kindergarten teachers founded :

Justice, 1882-95 died June 21, 1900.
:
at Boston, Dec. 1887, the " Ramabai

Association," to further the cause of Hindu SARGENT, RIGHT REV. DR.
child-widows she wrote :The High- (1807-1889)
Caste Hindu Woman left America went : :
Educated at the Missionary Church
to Bombay, Feb. 1889 opened a home, :
College, Islington 1841 :
: ordained,
afterwards removed to Poona, for widows. appointed a Church Missionary Society
Missionary at Madras, 1842 and filled :
SARBADHIKARI, DR. SURJYA the position till 1877, when he was con-
KUMAR (1832-1904) secrated Bishop Coadjutor to the Bishop
of Madras, and made D.D. Fellow of the
Born1832, educated at the Hindu :
College: the Dacca College, 1849, and the Madras University, 1879 author of works :
Calcutta Medical College, 1851: passed on the Scriptures and of translations into
the Senior Diploma examination, 1856,
Tamil died Oct. 13, 1889.
:
and joined the Government medical SARTORIUS, EUSTON HENRY

service was a valued coadjutor of Dr.
:
(1844- )
(Sir) Joseph Fayrer: in the siege of Lucknow
in the mutiny after it, resigned Govern-
:
Son Admiral Sir G R. Sartorius
of . :
ment service and settled down to private educated at Woolwich and Sandhurst
practice in Calcutta Fellow of the Cal- :
joined the Army, 1862 passed the Staff :
cutta University, 1879 President of the :

College served in Afghan campaigns,
:
Faculty of Medicine in the Syndicate, 1878-9 Brevet-Major and V.C. Egyptian

: :
1898 made Rai Bahadur, 1898

: died :
campaign, as D.A.A.G.: Brevet Lt-Colonel
Dec. 1904. Military Attache, Japan C.B. Maj- : :
General.
SARDHANA, MUHAMMAD JAN-
FISHAN KHAN, NAWAB BAHA- SARTORIUS, GEORGE (1840- )
DUR OF (1801-1864) Born April 1840 son of Admiral Sir

2, :
Of a family of Muzwi Syads, who resided G. R. Sartorius educated at Woolwich

: :
at Paghman, near Kabul for his services : entered the Royal Artillery, 1857, and
375
Indian Staff Corps, 1864 served in the :
a great aptitude for mathematics
Afghan campaign, 1878-9 Soudan, 1884 sent :
: : in 1836 to Bishop Corrie's school

in Madras
Burma, 1886-9 C.B. A.Q.M.G., Bom-
= :
under Mr. Kerr on the latter' s trans-
:
bay, 1876 Colonel.

:
fer to Calcutta in
1839, Sastri became
Teacher of Mathematics in the High
SARTORIUS, REGINALD WILLIAM School. In 1842 he took the Proficient's
(1841- )
degree returned to Chitore to be near
:
Son Admiral Sir G. R. Sartorius

of : his father and became Head Clerk in the
entered the Bengal Cavalry: served in Subordinate Judge's Court studied :
the Indian mutiny, 1857-8 Bhutan : several Oriental languages, in all of which
campaign, 1865-6 Ashanti war, 1873-4
: = he became proficient, and qualified to be
on Staff of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales on Interpreter in the Supreme Court. Whilst
his tour in India, 1875-6 Afghan cam- : employed in that post he mastered French
paigns, 1879-80 Maj-General, 1895 V.C.
: : and Latin, and ini857 was made a Fellow of
the Madras University. In 1859 he was
SASSOON, SIR ALBERT ABDULLAH made a Judge of the Small Cause Court
DAVID, BARONET (1818-1896) and began to study Arabic. In 1880 he
retired on pension a tall, handsome man,'
Sonof David Sassoon, State Treasurer :
his complexion differing but little from

at Bagdad born there, July 25, 1818
: :
that of a European bronzed by a tropical
educated in India, his father having
sun devoted to exercise, particularly
removed first to Bushire and afterwards to :
Bombay, and established a banking and to riding. At the time of his death he was
master of 13 languages, Tamil, Telugu,
mercantile house head of the firm in 1864:
:
Malayalam, Canarese, Mahratti, Hindu-

contributed largely to charitable institu-
stani, Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit, Latin,
tions and made many handsome dona-
Greek, French, and German, and had begun
tions to Bombay, including the Sassoon
to study Hebrew. As a social reformer he
wet dock at Colaba, 1872-5 : C.S.I. , 1867 :
occupied a very high place and was a great
Member of the Bombay Legislative
believer in female education died July :
Council, 1868-72 K.B., : 1872 : given
5, 1881.
the freedom of the City of London for his
munificent charities, etc. etc. settled in
England: Vice-President of the Anglo-
:
SASTRI, PANDIT S. M. NATESA
( ? - )
Jewish Association made a Baronet, :
1890 died Oct. 24, 1896.

:
Bookseller and publisher novelist and :
writer on Indian Folk-lore noted for his :
SASTRI, SIR AMARAVATI SESHIAH translations from the Tamil Folk-Lore :
(1828-1903) in Southern India, 1884, etc. Dravidian ;
Entered the public service in the Board Nights' Entertainments a translation of the ;
of Revenue, Madras, 1848 became its :

Madanakamarajankadai, 1886 ; The King
Sarishtadar became Diwan of Travancore
:
and his Four Ministers, 1889 ; Tales of
and Diwan of the Raja of Pudukota :
Tennalirama, 1900 has also translated
:
Member of the Legislative Council, Madras, from Sanskrit and English into Tamil
1883 public-spirited, capable and honest,
:
(Shakespeare's plays, etc.) has brought :
he enjoyed for many years the high regard out the text with translation of Atmavid-
and confidence of Governors of Madras yavilasa also translated Tamil and San-
:
:
skrit inscriptions is a member of the

was made K. C.S.I. died Oct. 29, 1903.
:
:
Folk-Lore Society, and writes in the Indian

SASTRI, CALAMUR VIRAVALLI A ntiquary.
RUNGANADA. (1819-1881)
Son of a poor Brahman in the Chitore SAUNDERS, JOHN O'BRIEN
District, Madras, who had a great (1852-1906)
reputa-
tion as a Sanslcrit scholar. When his Born 1852 son of John O'Brien Saun-
:
father fell into difficulties and was put ders, whom he succeeded
about 1878 in the
into the Civil jail, he offered himself to proprietorship and management of the
the Collector of the District as his sub- Calcutta Englishman for his conduct of :
stitute and the Collector (Mr. Casamajor) his newspaper he was given the CLE. on
had him educated in English : showed the occasion of the Delhi darhar, 1903 :
Z7^ DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
died at Posilippo, near Naples, Feb. 9, 1897 served in Afghan campaigns,
:
1905. 1878-9, in the Kabul-Kandahar march.

Burma expedition, 1886-8, D.S.O. Tirah :
SAUNDERS, THOMAS ( ? - ?) expedition, 1897-8 Mahsud-Waziri expe- :
Writer at Fort St. George, Madras, dition, 1900-2 commanded Aden column:
1732 Factor and Sub-accountant, 1737

: :
in the Aden Hinterland, 1903 : D.S.O. :
Second in Council at Vizagapatam, 1740 :

C.I.P:. : C.B. : Colonel.
Senior Merchant and Resident at Irigeram,
1743 Fifth in Council at Fort St. David,
: SCHALCH, VERNON HUGH
1748-9, and Chief at Vizagapatam, 1749 : (1825-1877)
Governor of Madras at Fort St. David, I.C.S. : educated at Haileybury, 1840-
Sep. 19, 1750 President in Council: his :
I :went out to Lower Bengal, 1842 :
Government re-established at Fort St. was Commissioner of Orissa, 1867 :

George, April 5, 1752 made a treaty :
acted as Chairman of the Calcutta Cor-
with M. Godeheu, 1754 he resigned the :
poration and Commissioner of Police
Governorship and service, Jan. 14, 1755. Member of the Board of Revenue, 1869-
77 and Member of the Bengal Legisla-
SAUSSE, SIR MATTHEW RICHARD •
tive Council an authority on revenue

:
(1809-1867)
matters in Bengal C.S.I. : : retired, 1877 :
Born 1809 :called to the Irish bar, 1829 : died Dec. 3, 1877.
Q.C., 1849 : Puisne Judge of the Bombay
Supreme Court, 1856-9 Chief Justice, :
SCHARLIEB, MARY DACOMB
1859-62 and of the High Court, Bombay,
:
(1845- )
1862-6 died Nov. 5, 1867.

:
Born 1845 wife of a practising barris-

:
ter in Madras took her M.B. and B.S.

SAWARD, MICHAEL HENRY :
(1840- degrees in London, 1882 went to India. :

)
1883, and was appointed Lecturer in
Born Dec. 22, 1840 son of M. Saward : :
Midwifery at Madras Medical College,
educated at Merchant Taylors' and Addis- and Examiner to the Madras University :
combe entered the

: Bengal Artillery took M.D. degree in 1888 M.S. in 1896 : :
1859, «ind became Maj-General, 1896 :

practises in London author of A Woman's :
A.D.C. to General Sir H. Tombs and Words to Women.

General Sir C. T. Chamberlain A.Q.M.G., :
1874 A.A.G., Artillery in India, 1889-94

: :
Colonel on Staff, 1895-6 Lieutenant: :

SCHIEFNER, FRANZ ANTON VON
Governor of Guernsey and Alderney, (1817-1879)
1899-1903. Aprominent Russian Orientalist born :
July, 18 17 educated at Reval and the

RAHMATULLA MUHAMMAD
:
SAYANI, University, St. Petersburg studied :
(1847-1902) Philology under Prof. Graefe also at :
J
Aleading Muhammadan in Bombay : Berlin, 1840-2, under Bopp and others:
Honorary Magistrate President of the : Professor of the Classics at St. Peters-
Municipal Corporation Member of the : burg, 1843 devoted himself to the
:
Legislative Councils of Bombay and the study of Tibetan in the libraries of St.
Governor General presided over the : Petersburg Librarian, 1848, and Mem-
:
twelfth|National Congress died June 6, : ber, 1852, of the Imperial Academy of

1902. Sciences, being specially charged with
the study of Tibetan, particularly the
SCALLON, ROBERT IRVIN investigation of Buddhist Legends of
(1857- ) Indian and Occidental origin wrote :
Born April 3, 1857 : son of T. N. Scal- articles on the language and literature
lon": educated at University College, of Tibet in the Academy Memoirs and :
and King's College Schools, London : prepared for a work on the Bonpo, or
entered the Army, 1876, and Bombay pre-Buddhistic, religion of Tibet also :
Staff Corps, 1877 Officiating CO. of : studied the Caucasian languages : was
23rd Bombay L.I., 1893-4 Acting : Councillor of State died at St. Peters- :
Inspr-General, Imperial Service troops. burg, Nov. 16, 1879.

?>77
SCHLAGINTWEIT, EMIL (1835-1904) SCHLICH, WILLIAM (1840- )
Born 1835 : amember of the Bavarian Born 1840son of Kurchenrath Schlich :
Civil Service : made a special study of of Hesse-Darmstadt educated at Darm- :
Buddhism, especially as regards the stadt, University of Giessen

entered :
history and language of Tibet and Indian Indian Forest Department, 1866 Conser- :
lore. His three brothers vator of Forests, 1871 Inspr-General of

were great :
explorers and provided him with materials, Forests, India, 1881 Professor of Fores- :
which he edited. try, Cooper's Hill, since

In 1863 he published 1889 C.I.E., :
Buddhism in Tibet, in EngHsh with :

1891 author of A Manual of Forestry,
:
the support of the Munich Academy of 5 vols. The Outlook of the World's Timber
;
Sciences, he published three German works: Supply, etc. Ph. D., 1867 F.R.S., 1901. : :
The Kings in Tibet from the Rise of the

Royal Power in Yarburg to its Extinction SCHNEIDER, SIR JOHN WILLIAM
in Ladak : Die Gottesurtheile der Inder : (1822-1903)
and a book on a work of 159 1 a.d., on Commanded the Contingent of the
Buddhistic chronology. He also pub- Raja of Satara in the S. Mahratta cam-
lished an illustrated work on India paign, 1844-5 at the capture of some :
arranged his brother's Hunalayan collec- forts at the suppression of mutiny at

:
tions, and gave them to German museums :

Kolapur, and its recapture in Dec. 1857 :
died Oct. 20, 1904. in Abyssinia, 1867-8, as Brig-General

led the advance on Magdala at the :
battle of Arogee and the assault of Mag-

dala C.B. Political Resident at Aden
: :
SCHLEGEL, AUGUST WILHELMVON K.C.B., 1889 died May

:
:
27, 1903 :
(1767-1845) General.
Born Sep. 8, 1767, at Hanover son :

SGHROEDER, LEOPOLD VON
of J ohann Adolf Schlegel, poet and noted (1851 - )
preacher studied at Hanover and Got-

: Born Dec. at Dorpat, in 24, 1851,
tingen devoted himself to the study of
: Livonia son of Juhus von Schroeder,
:
language and literature Professor at : Director of Government schools at Dor-

the University, Jena, 1 798-1 800 resi- :
pat studied at the Universities of
:
dent for some years in Berlin lectured :

Dorpat, Jena, and Tiibingen in 1882, :
on literature in 1804, becameand art : Docent at Dorpat University, and, in

tutor to Madame de Stael's children 1894, Professor at that of Innsbriick
lived for many years in her family, and in 1899 appointed Professor of Old Indian
accompanied her on her travels in different Philology and Archaeology at the Univer-
countries during her exile in Sweden :
sity ofVienna member of the Imperial :
was, for a time, secretary to Bernadotte, Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1900.

1813 assumed the title " von Schlegel "
: Among his chief works are : Maitrayani
from 1814 : up toMadame de Stael's death, Samhita, 188 1-6
Pythagoras und die :
1817, Schlegel was known as an authority Inder, 1884 Indiens Litteratur und
;
on the literature of Germany and other Cultur in historischer Entwicklung, 1887

lands, as poet, critic, translator, but not Buddhismus und Christenthum, 1893
as an Orientalist. In 181 6-7, while in Mangobliithen, translations from the Sans-
Paris, and at the age of 50, he threw him- krit, 1892 has brought out Indian trage-
:
self eagerly into the study of Eastern dies, 1887, 1891, and plays adapted for
languages, and soon became famous as the German stage.
a Sanskrit scholar settled at Bonn, 1818 :
:
appointed there Professor of Literature SCHULZE, BENJAMIN ( ?:-1760)

and the History of Art at the University : Danish by birth born at Sonnen- :
died May 12, 1845. Among other works, burg graduate of Halle
: went as a :
he published the Indische Bibliothek, Lutheran Missionary to Tranquebar,

1820-30 ; critical editions of Bhagavad- 1719, and in 1726 to Cuddalore, Pulicat,
Gita, 1823 ; Ramayana and Hitopadesa in and Madras founded the S.P.C.K. :
1829 ; and Reflexions sur Vetude des Mission at Vepery, Madras, 1828 re- :
langues asiatiques, 1832. turned home in 1743, ^^^ died in 1760

37^ DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY
at Halle. He translated a part of the SCOBLE, SIR ANDREW RICHARD
Bible into the native languages of India : (1831- )
wrote, in collaboration with J.F. Fritsch,
Born son of John
Sep. 25, 1831 :
the Maitre des Langues, occidentales et
Scoble educated at City of London
:
orientates German), containing loo
(in
School called to the bar at Lincoln's
:
alphabets, the Lord's Prayer in 200 lan-
Inn, 1856 Advocate-General and Mem-
:
guages or dialects, etc., 1738 a Hindu- :
stani grammar,
ber of Legislative Council, Bombay,
1745 a Conspectus :
1872-7: Q.C., 1876: Legal Member
litteraturce Telugia: vulgo Wantgicae, i747-
of the Supreme Council, 1886-91 M.P. :
for Hackney, 1 892-1900 : Member of

SCHUTZ, C. (1805-1892) Judicial Committee of Privy Council, 1901;
translator of Mignet's History of Mary,
Doctor one of the first of Sanskrit
:
scholars and the first, or one of the

:
Queen of Scots, Guizot's History of the
first, to discover the usefulness of Sans-
English Revolution K.C.S.I., 1890 P.C. : :
krit Commentaries in 1837 he published :
a translation of the Five Songs of the SCOTLAND, SIR COLLEY HARMAN

Bhatti Kavya and of other Sanskrit
:
(1818-1903)
works, in 1843 and 1845 he was a pains- : Son of Thomas Scotland, Registrar of
taking and conscientious scholar blind- :
Antigua called to the bar at the Middle
:
ness attacked him in 1858 and stopped Temple, 1843 appointed, in 1861,
:
his writing died Oct. 1892, at Bielefeld.

: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
Madras knighted :C.J. of the High :
Court,1862-71 Vice-Chancellor of the

SCHWARTZ, REV. CHRISTIAN :
Madras University, 1862-71 died Jan.

FRIEDRICH (1726-1798) :
20, 1903.
Danish Missionary born Oct. 22» :
1726, in Prussia son of George Sch-

wartz
:
SCOTT, SIR BUCHANAN (1850- )
educated at Sonnenburg, Kus-
:
trin, Halle University assisted Schultz, :

Entered the R.E., 1871, and became
the Danish Missionary, to edit the Colonel, 1900 served in the Afghan war, :
Tamil Bible ordained at Copenhagen,

:
1878-9 Engineer-in-chief, Zhob Valley
:
1749 : went out as a Missionary from survey, 1888 : Mint Master, Calcutta
the Government of Denmark to Cudda- CLE., 1888 : K.C.I.E., 1904 retired, :
lore and to the Danish settlement at 1904.

Tranquebar, 1750 learnt to speak several
Indian languages placed in charge of
:
:
SCOTT, CHARLES HENRY (1848- )
the country S. of the Cavery went to :

Born June 15, 1848 son of Edward :
Ceylon and Trichinopoly at the siege :

John Scott educated privately and at
:
of Madura, 1764 built a church there,: Woolwich entered the Royal Artillery,
:
1766, Mission house and schools worked :

1868, and became Colonel, 1892 served :
as a Missionary under the S.P.C.K. set- :

in the Tirah expedition, 1897-8 Super- :
tled as Chaplain to the troops at Trichino- intendent, Gunpowder Factory, Bengal,

poly, 1868-78 went to live at Tanjore,
: 1881-92 Ordnance Consulting Officer
:
1778 : built a church there went on :

for India, 1892-5 Inspr-General of :
behalf of the Madras Government on Ordnance, 1 895-1900 Director-General :
a secret Mission to Hyder Ali at Seringa- of Ordnance, India, since 1902 C,B., :
patam Hyder gave him free passage,

: 1898 Maj-General.
;
but Tippoo refused to see him Sch- :
wartz initiated Government schools, in- SCOTT, DAVID (1786-1831)

cluding teaching of Christianity therein : of Archibald Scott
Son born Aug. :
founded the Tinnevelly church appointed : 1786 served at Gorakhpur Judge and
: :
interpreter at Tanjore guardian of : Magistrate of Purnea, 18 12-3 and of

Serfoji, the young Raja there died : Rangpur Commissioner, in 1823, of
:
there, Feb. 13, 1798 monuments erected : Rangpur then A.G.G. on the N.E.
:
to him at Madras and Tanjore said : frontier of Bengal and Commissioner of

to have made 6,000 converts was most : Revenue and Circuit in the districts of
devout, zealous and high principled. Assam, N.E. Rangpur, Shirpur and
379
Sylhet he settled the Provinces
:
of Waring: died May 1819
Upper and Lower Assam when conquered 5, : wrote
Observations, on other Indian
in the first Burmese war subjects,
laboured to :
advance the country encouraged the :

SCOTT, SIR JOHN (1797-1873)
Missionaries : carried out a survey: subdued
the Garos, opening a school for them General born 1797, son of J.F. Scott
:
:
:
made a treaty at Nunklow with the educated at Chiswick and Westminster :
Khasias, who afterwards, April 4-5, 1831, entered the Army, 1815 was at Paris, :
murdered two British officers, Bedingfield and the siege of Antwerp, 1832 in :
and Burlton, Scott fortunately escaping 1838-9 commanded the Cavalry of the
:
he had to suppress disturbances, in paci- Division of the Army of the Indus at :
fying the Khasias he was remarkable :

Ghazni in 1839 commanded a detached
:
for the diversity of his knowledge and column in Upper Sind was at Maharaj- :
pursuits a keen sportsman pur, 1843, commanding a Brigade of

: recom- :
mended the Sanitarium estabhshed at Cavalry, and at Sobraon, 1846 C.B., and :
Cherrapunji, where he died, Aug, 20, A.D.C. to Queen Victoria K.C.B., 1865 :
:
1831, and the Supreme Government Maj-General, 1854 General, 1868 died, : :
erected a monument to him while riding in Rotten Row, Jan. 18, 1873.
described :
as " indeed a second Cleveland " (^.t;.)-

SCOTT, SIR JOHN (1841-1904)
SCOTT, SIR JAMES GEORGE Born 1 841 educated at Bruce Castle,
:
(1851- )
near Birmingham, and Tottenham, and
Born Dec. 25, 1851 son of Rev- :
Pembroke College, Oxford played in :
George Scott the Cricket

Eleven for Oxford against
educated abroad and at
:
King's College School,

Cambridge in 1863 called to the bar
London, and :
Edinburgh University and Lincoln Col- from the Inner Temple in 1865 from :
lege, Oxford War Correspondent in

:
1872 he practised and held judicial ap-
Perak, 1875-6 Burma, 1879 pointments at Alexandria, as British
Tonking,
: =
1883-5 joined the Burma Commission,

:
Representative in the Court of Appeal,
1886 employed on Anglo-Siamese Boun-
:
and as Vice-President: Judge of the
dary Commission, 1889-90 High Court, Bombay, 1882 to 1892 :
Superin- :
tendent N. Shan States, 1891 Judicial Adviser to the Khedive,

1892-
British :
Commissioner, Mekong Commission, 1894 8 Deputy Judge-Advocate-General to

:
-6, and Burma-China Boundary Com- Her Majesty's Forces, 1898 K.C.M.G. :
in Feb. 1894, and D.C.L. of Oxford

mission, 1898-1900 CLE., 1892 Super- : :
intendent, S. Shan States, 1902 died at Norwood, March i, 1894 known :
author :
of The Bur man. His Life and Notions : in Egypt as "Scott the Just."
France and Tonking: Burma as it was,
as it is, and as it will be : The Upper Burma SCOTT, JONATHAN (1764-1829)
Gazetteer, 5 vols. : K.C.I.E. Born 1754 son of Jonathan Scott
: :
brother of John Scott (q.v.) educated

SCOTT, JOHN (1747-1819)
at Shrewsbury to India, in the 29th :
:
Son of Jonathan Scott born 1747 : : N.I., in Captain, 1778

1772 Persian
: :
entered the E.L Co.'s military service in Secretary to Warren Hastings helped :
Bombay, about 1766, went to Bengal, 1768: to found the Asiatic Society of Bengal,
and became later a Major was A.D.C. to : 1784 returned to England, 1785
: pub- :
Warren Hastings commanded a native : lished translations of various Oriental

regt. at Chunar, 1780 was employed by :
works, including A Translation of Ferishtd's
Warren Hastings as his agent in England, History of the Dekkan, with a History of
178 1 Scott advocated his cause with more
:
Bengal from the Accession of Aliverdi Khan
energy than discretion published works : to the year 1780, and an edition, with
on behalf of Hastings, 1782-4 M.P. for : introduction and additions, of the Arabian
West Looe, 1784-90 for Stockbridge, : Nights, from the French of M. Galland,
1790 : his officious and over-zealous 1811 Professor of Oriental Languages
:
assertion of Hastings' praises and ill- at the R.M. College, 1802-5 and the :
treatment was practically the cause of the first to hold a similar appointment at
impeachment he inherited the estates
: Haileybury D.C.L., 1805
: died Feb. :
and took the additional name of a cousin. II, 1829,

SCOTT, LOTHIAN KERR (1841- ) which resulted Jafar's being
in Mir
Born May 24, 1841 : son of George made Nawab Nazim Scrafton was made :
Scott : educated at Winchester and Resident at Murshidabad it devolved :
Woolwich entered the Royal Engineers,

:
on him, under Clive's order, to tell Omi-
1862 volunteered for service in India,
:
chund that the duplicate treaty given to
and was employed in public works, rail- him was a trick. When Clive was made
ways and irrigation Musketry Inspector :
Governor of Bengal, 1857, Scrafton suc-
at Chatham Instructor in Fortifications,
:
ceeded him in the Calcutta Council, War-
Sandhurst Professor of Artillery and
:
ren Hastings succeeding Scrafton at
Fortifications, 1882-9 inventor of tele- •'
Murshidabad. He was appointed in
scopic and automatic sights retired :
1769, with Vansittart and Colonel Francis
C.B., 1897. Forde, to be a Commission of Inquiry
into Bengal affairs they were all lost :
SCOTT, WILLIAM WALTER HOPTON at sea in the Aurora.

(1843- )
Born Dec.
SCUDAMORE, ARTHUR (1816-1880)
son of Maj-General 5, 1843 :
W. S. Scott, Bengal Artillery educated :

Entered the Army in 1835 in the :
at Marlborough and Addiscombe entered :

4th Light Dragoons in the Afghan war,
the Indian Army, 1861 served in Abys- :
1838-9, at Ghazni in the Panjab cam-
:
sinian expedition, 1867-8, at the capture paign of 1848-9, in the principal engage-
of Magdala A.D.C. to Lord Napier of:
ments seriously wounded at Gujarat
:
Magdala when C. in C. in India Chit- :

commanded his regt. under Sir Hugh
ral Relief, 1895, as CO. of nth Bengal Rose in Central India during the mutiny :
Lancers : C.B. : Maj-General : retired. at Jhansi, Koonch, Kalpi, Morar, Gwalior :
in command of a flying column in the

SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, SIR COLIN Gwalior and Jhansi territory C.B. : :
CAMPBELL (1836- )
Brevet - Lt-Colonel Maj-General, 1875 :
:
died Jan. 11, 1880,

Born Aug. 3, 1836 son of Robert :
Scott-Moncrieff educated at Edinburgh

Academy and Addiscombe
:
SCUDDER, REV. HENRY MARTYN,
: entered the
D.D. (1822-1895).
Bengal Engineers, 1856, and retired with
rank of Colonel, 1883 served in the mu- :
Born 1822 the eldest and probably the
:
tiny, 1857-8 in Irrigation Department, :

most distinguished of Dr. John Scudder's
N.W.P.: in Burma as Chief Engineer: Under sons : one of the most gifted men that
Secretary of State, Public Works, Cairo. have laboured in India probably no :
1883-92 President of Indian Irrigation

:
Missionary in South India has used the
Commission, 1902-3 Under Secretary :
spoken Tamil with greater power, and
for Scotland, 1892-1902 C.S.I. 1878 : , :
but a few have attained a greater mastery
K.C.S.I., 1903 K.C.M.G., 1887 LL.D., : :
over the classical dialect. His books,
Edinburgh, notably Spiritual Teaching, The Bazaar
Book, and Jewel Mine of Salvation, have
SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, GEORGE proved invaluable aids to Missionaries and
KENNETH (1856- ) native preachers they are still used in
:
Born Oct. the Arcot districts also he made an

3, 1855 : son of Major A. P. :
Scott educated at Edinburgh Academy

:
excellent the
translation
of liturgy.
and Woolwich entered the Royal En- :
Arriving in America, he became pastor of
gineers served in Afghan campaigns,
:
a prominent church in San Francisco, and
1878-80 Waziristan, 1901
: Instructor. :
afterwards built up strong churches in
School of Military Engineering, 1893-8 :
Brooklyn and Chicago thus he worked :
commanded R.E., China expedition, 1900- with distinguished success on two conti-
I : C.I.E., 1900. nents died 1895
: M.D, and D.D.
:
SCRAFTON, LUKE ( ?- 1769) SCUDDER, DR. JOHN (1793- ? )
In the service of the E. I. Co. : was Third Born Sept. 3, 1793, at Freehold, New
at Dacca
in 1756, and was made prisoner Jersey,son of Joseph Scudder and grandson
by the Nawab
of Bengal in 1757 was : of Dr. Nathaniel Scudder (killed in the
employed by Clive in the negotiations revolutionary war, 1781) his ancestor. :
Thomas Scudder, settled in America from to introduce western medical science

England about 1635 a pioneer Missionary
: among the natives of the district the :
of the Reformed Church in India. Having Madras Governemnt gave over to him a
chosen the medical profession, Dr. Scudder fine building and ample ground for the
settled in New York City : while there hospital and contributed its expenses.
engaged in his profession, the claims of Lord Napier of Ettrick {q.v.). Governor of
the heathen were brought vividly before Madras, conducted Mr. W. H. Seward,
his mind in a peculiar manner : in pro- U.S. Sec. of State, when visiting India, to-
fessional attendance on a lady, while in this hospital and dispensary as one of the
the ante-room, he took up a tract with the chief objects of interest in his Presidency.
title," The Conversion of the World or, ; Many thousands of Hindus sought the
the Claims of Six Hundred Millions and ; benefits of the treatment granted gratuit-
the Ability and Duty of the Churches ously. Dr. Scudder worked with untiring
respecting them." The words of the tract industry, with great spirit and vigour :.
pierced his heart, and he had no rest until attending also to a large out-door practice.
he had offered his services to the Foreign High-caste ladies placed themselves under
Mission Board. At 26 he abandoned his treatment. A class of medical students,
home and friends, and with his young was also taught some of them are now
:
family sailed for India arrived in Ceylon,

: successful practitioners. He was in India
Feb., 1820: entered upon his work with nearly 13 years. When his health was
the earnestness and devotion which broken he went home to die he never
:
characterized his whole life. After labour- recovered from the injuries received from
ing with great success as a medical overwork, from a tropical sun and malari-
Missionary in Ceylon for 16 years, he ous climate died 1877.
:
removed in 1836 to Madras, where a new

Mission was opened there his eldest son,
:
Henry Martyn, joined him as a Missionary SEAL, MATI LAL (1791-1854)

in 1844. In 1853 the father and son
decided to open a Mission in the Arcot Son of a petty tradesman educated', :
District, 80 miles W. of Madras. The at a primary village school : at 17 went

Arcot Mission has ever been associated on pilgrimage, and travelled in Upper
with the name of Scudder, no fewer than India : became a clerk, and storekeeper
9 children of Dr. John Scudder and 9 at Fort William, Calcutta : and estab-
grandchildren having been connected lished a business, first as a dealer in empty
with it. bottles and corks, then as a ship's banian :
became, by 1823, Durector of 3 mercantile-

firms, and was connected with many
SCUDDER, REV. LEWIS R. firms and houses in Calcutta greatly:
(1861- ).
respected for his integrity, and the good
use he made of his wealth :he became
Grandson of Dr. John Scudder {q.v.) :
a large owner of land and houses founded, :
he graduated from Princeton University,

in 1842, a higher-class English school in
U.S.A., in 1882, and M.D. from New York
Calcutta and liberally endowed it : gave-
Medical College in 1888, and has worked
land for the erection of the Calcutta
17 years in India has considerably en-
:
" Seal's Free School "
Medical College :
larged the medical institution at Arcot,

is still one of the best of its kind in Cal-
having opened Branch Dispensaries and the poor-house which he estab-
cutta :
special accommodation for high caste

lished in 1848 at Belgharia still exists :
people he has maintained his family's

:
died May 20, 1854.
name by his earnest and successful work
at the Arcot Mission.
SEATON, SIR THOMAS (1806-1876)
SCUDDER, REV. SILAS D. (1833-1877). Born 1806 son of John Fox Seaton
:
:
R Seventh son of Dr. John Scudder {q.v.) : joined the E. I. Co.'s loth N.I. in 1823 :
at the siege of Bhartpur, 1826: with

was a medical Missionary in the Arcot
the 35th regt. in Kabul in 1839 re-
he established the Hospital and
:
Mission :
Dispensary there, and was one__of the first turned to India with Sale's Brigade,
fighting their way to Jalalabad: was 1874 :D.D. of Edinburgh University
in its defence : at the re-occupation of 1902 :Hon. Canon, St George's Cathe-
Kabul C.B., : and Major : Brig-Major dral, Madras, 1901 Examining Chaplain :
at Agra in the mutiny, his regt., the

:
to the Bishop of Madras, 1900 Chair- :
.6oth N.I., mutinied he was at the siege : man of the Arabic, Persian and Hindus-
of Delhi Lt-Colonel of the ist Euro-
: tani Board of Studies Member of the :
pean Fusiliers held Fatehghar, and : Syndicate and also Examiner in the Uni-
was engaged in 1858 at Kankar, Bun- versity of Madras author of the Faith :
haganj K.C.B., 1858

: retired as Maj- : of Islam, 1896 Essays on Islam, 1901
; :
General, 1859 wrote his autobiography,

: Historical Development of the Koran, 1905 :
From Cadet to Colonel, 1866 died Sep. : M.R.A.S.

II, 1876.
SEN, KESHAB CHANDRA
SECCOMBE, SIR THOMAS (1838-1884)
LAWRENCE (1812-1902)
Born Nov. 19, 1838 a kinsman of :
Born July, 29, 1812 entered the East : the Sena Rajas grandson of Ram Kamal
:
India House in 1829, in the Financial Sen, who was Diwan of the Calcutta Mint,
Department appointed Assistant Finan-
: and a Secretary of the Asiatic Society
Secretary in it, 1858
cial Financial :
of Bengal and son of Piari Mohan Sen,
:
Secretary, 1859 Director of Military : who survived his father only three years,
Funds, 1866 C.B., 1869 Assistant
: : and died in 1848 educated at the Hindu,
:
Under Secretary of State, 1872 : Account- Metropolitan, and Presidency Colleges,

ant General, 1872 K.C.S.I., 1877 : =
Calcutta was thrown much into the
:
representative of India at Paris Conference society of the Christian Missionaries

on Bimetallism, 1878 resigned the Finan- :
in 1857 he joined the Brahmo Samaj,
cial Secretaryship, 1879 Assistant Under :
the reformed Theistic Society founded
Secretary of State till 1881 on Lord :
by Raja Rammohan Roy (q.v.) and ex-
Northbrook's Commission to determine tended by Debendranath Tagore {q.v.) :
the contribution payable by India towards served as a clerk in the Bank of Bengal,
Army effective charges, 1881-92 : G.C.I. E., 1859-61, but resigned his appointment :
1892 : died April 9, 1902. the rest of his life was spent as a Brahmo
Missionary. In 1862 he established a
SEDDON, FELIX JOHN VAUGHAN central association at Calcutta, and was
(1798-1865) appointed Minister of the Brahmo Samaj
by Debendranath Tagore : he visited
Son William Seddon
of born 1798 : :
Bombay and Madras on Missionary

a
educated at Manchester went to Inîa, :
.
tour and established branches of the

1815 accompanied the Army in the
:
Samaj. between him
Differences arose
Burmese 1824-5, as translator
war, :
and Debendranath Tagore as to the

translated into Manipuri, and made an
abandonment of old national customs,
Assamese grammar and dictionary trans- :
the advocacy of the re-marriage of widows

lated the Bible: Professor of Oriental
and the removal of the Brahmanical
Languages at King's College, 1833 after :
thread in 1866 he retired from the

:
1837, when he returned to India, became Brahmo Samaj and established what is
-tutor to the Nawab Nazim, and lived at
known as the Brahmo Samaj of India as
Murshidabad till his death there, Nov.
opposed to the Adi, i.e. the original
25. 1865.
Brahmo Samaj in 1866 he lectured :
on *' Jesus Christ, Europe and Asia,"

SELL, REV. CANON EDWARD, D.D. and his conversion to Christianity seemed
(1839- )
probable until the publication of Great
Born 1839 : son of William John Sell Men, in which he contended that other
educated at a private school and the men also were '' above ordinary humanity."
C.M.S. College, London Head Master : He opened his own Brahmo Mandir on
of the Harris High School for Muhamma- Aug 22, 1869, and then went on a Mission-
.
dans, Madras, 1865-80 Secretary of the : ary tour to the North-West Provinces
Church Missionary Society, Madras, and Bombay. Viceroy He visited the
1880-1905 Fellow, Madras University,
: (Lord Lawrence) at Simla and induced
him to introduce a Bill for legalizing Sen, of Berhampur, Musshibabad, Diwan

Brahmo marriages. In 1870 he visited to the Salt Board of the ET. Co. in the
England and was well received, visiting eighteenth century wrote both poetry
:
the chief towns of England and Scotland, and prose: contributed to vernacular
and speaking at more than 70 public journals entered upon antiquarian and
:
meetings and chapels. On his return philosophical researches, for which he

to India he established the Indian Reform visited Eiurope in 1885 was called ' the :
Association the Bharat Asram,

: or literaryzamindar" wrote the Aitihasik:
Indian Hermitage, was opened in 1872 : Rahazza and numerous Bengali books :
in 1872 he saw the Brahmo Marriage Act M.R.A.S. M.R.A.S.B : member of the :
passed. From 1875 to 1878 he was British Indian Association of Bengal of :
employed in improving the organization the Sanskrit Text Society of London of :
of the Brahmo Samaj, but his popularity the Asiatic Society of Italy, and the
among his countrymen decreased, chiefly Oriental Academy of Florence, from which
on account of his marrying his daughter he received the title of Doctor he died :
to the young Maharaja of Cooch Behar, Aug. 19, 1887 on his bust, placed at
:
both of them being under the ages fixed Berhampur, he was described as an
by the Brahmo Marriage Act. His eminent Oriental scholar, a learned anti-
appeal to Adesa, or the voice of his con- quarian, and a staunch friend of educa-
science, in this and other matters, failed tion.
to satisfy his followers. This created a
schism, and a new Samaj, called the SEN, RAM KOMAL (1783-1844)
Sadharan or Catholic Brahmo Samaj, Born March 1783 commenced his
15, :
was founded on May 15. From 1880 he English studies in Calcutta about i8or :
preached a new dispensation, in which held appointments at a Hindustani Press

simple Theism was replaced by mystical and a hospital before he served at the
doctrines, claiming special divine inspira- Fort WiUiam College in 1812 clerk of :
; tion. For the rest of his life he suffered the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1818,
I
from nervous depression. In person afterwards its Native Secretary, and rose
'
Keshab Chandra Sen was a handsome, to a membership of its Council member :
powerfully built man, 6 feet high. He of the managing Committee of the Hindu
was simple and pure in character, almost College, on its opening in 18 17 on the :
austere in his habits, singularly modest, first Committee of the Calcutta School
and thoroughly independent died Jan. : Book Society, 1818 completed his :
I
\ 8, 1884. English-Bengali dictionary of 700 pages

in 1830 appointed Diwan, or Head, of
:
SEN, NARENDRA NATH (1843- ) the Native Establishment of the Calcutta

educated at the Mint by Dr. H. H. WOson, 1831 Trea- :
Born Feb. 23, 1843 :
joined srurer of the Bank of Bengal, 1833 mem- :

Hindu College and privately :
ber of the Council of Education, 1839

the staff of the Indian Field, then edited
:
a manager of the Parental Academy: joint-

by Kisori Chand Mitra in 1861 became :
founder (with Dr. W. Carey), Native

a contributor to the Indian Mirror and
Secretary, 1829, and one of the Vice-Pre-
edited it in 1863, when Manmohan Ghose
admitted an sidents, of the Agricultural and Horticul-
{q,v.)went to England :
tural Society, 1844 member of the

Attorney of the Calcutta High Court,
:
Medical Education Committee wrote :

Dec. 1866: became in 1879 sole proprietor
on the sanitation of Calcutta died Aug. :
and editor of the Indian Mirror, then a

2, 1844.
daily paper a Municipal Commissioner
:
and Honorary Magistrate, 1880 joined :
the Indian National Congress at Bombay,

SENART, EMILE CHARLES MARIE
(1847-
represented the Calcutta Munici-
)
1885 :
pality in the Bengal Legislative Council, Oriental scholar : born at Rheims*

1897-9- March 1847 son of J. Senart, a magis-
26, :
trate educated at the Lycee at Rheims,

:
SEN, RAM DAS (1845-1887) at the Universities of Munich and Got-

tingen (studying Sanskrit under Benfey)
•
Bom Dec. 10, 1845 : son of Lai Mohan

Krisna Kanta of independent means devoted himself
Sen, who was nephew of :
to Indian studies made voyages to : Radley in the Madras Civil Service,
:
India, to obtain information on Indian 1868-94 Judge and then Collector of

:
history and literature member of the : Bellary Fellow of Madras University

:
Academy published works on Kaccyana: introduced the Archajological Survey

et la litterature grammaticale du Pali, 1871 ;
of S. India, 1881-3M.R.A.S. since 1876, :
The Inscriptions of Piyadasi, 1881-6 ;

and on the Council M.A.S.B. F.R.G.S. : :
Essay on the Legend of Buddha, 1875 ;

F.S.A. has written an Analytical History
:
The Mahavastu, 1882 Notes on Indian ; of India, 1870; The Amravati Tope and
Epigraphy ; Les Castes dans Flnde, 1896 : Excavations on its Site in 1877; Chrono-
numerous publications in the Journal logical Tables for S. India, from the Sixth
Asiatique has been a member of the
: Century A.D. Antiquarian Remains in :
Institute since 1882 corresponding mem- : Presidency of Madras, 1882 A Sketch of ;
ber of the Berlin Academy, 1900, and the Dynasties of S. India, 1883 Sir W. ;
of the Academy of St. Petersburg, 1901 : Elliofs Coins of S. India Mrs. Hawtey^s ;
Vice-President of the Societe Asiatique : India and the West in Old Days South ;
has taken an active part in political life : Indian Chronological Tables, 1889 Sir ;
conseiller-general of la Sarthe since 1883 : Walter Elliot The Indian Calendar ;
elected member of the Chamber of Depu- (with Pandit S. B. Dikshit), 1896 Eclip- :
ties, 1902. ses of the Moon in India, 1898 ; A For-

gotten Empire, 1900 and a number of ;
SETON, SIR HENRY WILMOT articles on Buddhistic and antiquarian

( P-1848) subjects in the J.R.A.S. and on coins, etc.
Educated at Westminster and Trinity in the Indian Antiquary.
College, Cambridge B.A., 1807 called : :
to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1809 Puisne :
Judge of the Supreme Court, Calcutta :

SEYMOUR, HENRY DANBY
Vice-President of the Asiatic (1820-1877)
knighted :
Society, Bengal, 184.0-7 died on his :

Son of Henry Seymour, M.P. bom :
voyage to England, July 26, 1848. 1820 educated at Eton and Christ
:
SETON-KARR, WALTER SCOTT Church, Oxford: M.P. for Poole, 1850-

?- 68 Joint Secretary to the Board of Con-
:
( )
trol, 1855-8 died Aug. 3, 1877. :
I.C.S. educated at Rugby and Hailey-

:
bury, 1840-2 went to Bengal in the

SHAHABUDDIN KAZI, KHAN
:
Civil Service, 1842 Under Secretary :
to the Government of Bengal, 1847-53 :

„ BAHADUR (1832-1900)
President of the Indigo Commission, son of Kazi Ibrahim :
Born1832 :
i860 Secretary to the Government of

educated at the Poona College and Engi-
:
Bengal, 1 860-1 Member of the Legisla- :

neering School became Secretary to :
tive Council of the Governor- General,

the Council of Regency at Bhuj Cutch :
1 861 and of the Bengal Legislative

:
and a Deputy Collector Minister at :
Council, 1862 Judge of the Sadr Court, :

Cutch resigned the service
: sent to :
1862 Puisne Judge of the High Court,

England in 1869 on behalf of the Rao of
:
1862-8 Secretary to the Government

:
Cutch Hony. Secretary, in London, for
:
of India in the Foreign Department,

3 years, of the- East India Association,
1868 Vice-Chancellor of the Calcutta
:
and Professor of Oriental Languages at
University, 1868-9: wrote in the Calcutta Attache to Sir B.
University College :
Review President of the Records Com-

;
Diwan
Frere's Mission to Zanzibar, 1873 :
mission, and edited Selections from the Head of

of Cutch resigned in 1874 : :
Calcutta Gazette retired, 1870 wrote :

Baroda
the Revenue Department at
:
The Marquess Cornwallis (Rulers of for years Khan Bahadm:, 1877

13 : :
India series) and Grant of Rothiemurchus

:
CLE., 1880 Minister at Baroda, 1883-6,
:
1899.
when he retired Member of the Bombay :
Legislative Council, 1886, and of the

SEWELL, ROBERT (1845- )
Public Service Commission Fellow of the :
I.C.S. : born June 4, 1845 son of

: Bombay University J.P. died March 6, : :
Robert Burleigh Sewell : educated at 1900.

SHAH ALAM (1728-1806) Kabul, on Aug.7, 1839, in the first Afghan
Son of the Emperor, Alamgir II. born :

war. The
British force continued their
June 15, 1728 known as the Shahzada
:
occupation of Kabul, to support Shah
Ali Gohar proclaimed a rebel by his
:
Shuja, but he was not accepted by the
father, and escaped from Delhi to Shuja- people, and failed to establish himself as
ud-daula {q,v.), Wazir of Oudh after the :
ruler. After the death of Macnaghten,
death of Suraj-ud-daula {q.v.) and election and the destruction of the British force,
of Mir Jafar {q.v.), he claimed Bengal, and
he shut himself up in the Bala Hissar,
advanced into Bihar, supported by at Kabul. When he left it, on April 5,
Shuja-ud-daula compelled to retreat from
:
1842, to place himself at the head of the
Patna re-appeared on the then N.W.
:
army, he was killed at Akbar Khan's
frontier, 1759, ^nd assumed the name of
instance by an ambushed body of the
Barakzais.
Shah Alam on his father's death, 1759 5
defeated Ram Narain (q.v.) near Patna,

but was routed, Jan. 1760, by Caillaud SHAHNAWAZ KHAN (1700-1768)
(q.v.) and Miran, son of Mir Jafar: His real name was Abdur-razzak : Per-
marched towards Murshidabad: com- sian by origin an ancestor came to Akbar'
:
pelled again to retreat besieged Patna, :

court at Agra born at Lahore, March 10,
:
but was beaten off by Capt. Knox's force :

1700, his father, aged 19, dying shortly
was taken prisoner by Major Carnac, before his birth taken by his grandfather
:
1 761, in Bihar and allowed to retire to

:
to Aurangabud entered service early
: :
Oudh, Mir Kasim agreeing to pay him was Diwan of the Berars in 1732 attracted :
26 lakhs a year from Bengal after the :

by his smartness the attention of the
battle of Baxar, in which Shuja-ud-daula Nizam Asaf J ah dismissed, for siding
:
was defeated. Shah Alam sought British with the heir apparent against Asaf J ah :
protection and made a treaty in 1765. :

while out of employ for six years, he wrote
at Allahabad, he granted the diwani the Maasir-al-umra, said to be the most
(the superintendence of the revenue) to important historical book produced in
Lord Clive for the E. I. Co. on payment India in the eighteenth century, a bio-
of a tribute of 26 lakhs a year in 1771 :
graphical work on the officers of the Timur
he found himself under Mahdaji Sindia, dynasty : J ah re-
late in his life Asaf
the Mahratta, who installed him as Em- stored Shahnawaz and his suc- to office,
peror of Delhi he lost the English tri-
:
cessor, Salabat Jang, favoured him more,
bute :the Rohilla chief Ghulam Kadir raising him to the command of 7.000,
seized Delhi and put out Shah Alam's with the Samsam-ud-daula.
title of
eyes, 1788 the Mahrattas restored him
:
Shahnawaz was opposed to Europeans,
to the throne he was taken under British
:
especially the French of Pondicherry.
protection after the Mahratta war of Bussy [q.v.) had him arrested and kept in
1803 :died Nov. 10, 1806. a tent while being conveyed to Bussy's
:
camp, he was, in the confusion connected

SHAH SHUJA (I780P-1842)
with another assassination, put to death
Amir of Afghanistan : son of Timur Shah with others of his family, May 12, 1758.
of the AbdaU
Durani tribe made or :
The Maasir was completed, with a life of
Governor of Peshawar by his brother, Shahnawaz, by Abdul Hai, the author's
Zaman Shah, and in 1803 was invited son it is said to contain 730 biographical
:
to the throne of Kabul metf Mountstuart :

notices it was published by the Asiatic
:
Elphinstone in 1809 at Peshawar, to Society of Bengal, and contains much

negotiate an alliance, but was himself information on Indian history of the
driven out of Afghanistan by his half- sixteenth-eighteenth centuries.
brother, Mahmud Shah, being routed at
Nimla fled to British territory and
:
at Ludiana. A rest- SHAKESPEAR, JOHN (1774-1858)

became a pensioner
Born Aug, 1774 son of a small farmer :
less adventiurer, he never ceased to plot
:
to recover the throne. He was defeated educated at the parish school, and pri-
learnt Arabic with a view to an
by Dost Muhammad in 1833, when making vately :
an attempt at Kandahar. The British appointment in N. Africa, but joined

the Commissariat, 1792-6 Professor of
Government, distrusting Dost Muhummad,
:
replaced Shah Shuja on the throne at Oriental Languages at the Royal Military
College, Marlow, 1805 Hindustani Pro- : Trinity College, Cambridge became a :
fessor at Addiscombe, 1807-30 wrote : tea-planter in Kangra travelled in 1868 :
a Hindustani grammar, 1812; Selections, as a merchant to Eastern Turkestan,

an Introduction to Hindustani, and a reaching Yarkand and Kashgar, Jan.
dictionary, 1816 also philological : 1869 well treated by Yakub Beg
: went :
papers for the Journal of the R.A.S., of again with Sir T. D. Forsyth (q.v.) to
which he was Honorary Librarian left : Yarkand in 1870 received the Royal :
above £250,000 died June 10, 1858. : Geographical Society's medal in 1872 :
British Joint Commissioner in Ladak

SHAKESPEAR, JOHN (1861 again at Yarkand, in 1875, with Forsyth's
Born Sep. 1861 son of Colonel Sir
i, :
treaty of 1874 came to England in :
R. C. Shakespear, C.B.: educated at charge of the Yarkand Envoy Resident :
Wellington College and Sandhurst entered :

at Mandalay, then in Upper Burma, in
the Army, 1881, and became Major, 1878 died there, June 15 1879
: he :
1895 : Intelligence Officer, Lushai and wrote A Visit to High Tartary, Yarkand and
Chin-Lushai expeditions, 1888-9; D.S.O.: Kashgar, 1871 and works on Asiatic:
Superintendent, South Lushai Hills, languages,

1891-6 CLE. 1896 joined the Indian
: :
SHEARER, JOHNSTON (1852- )

Staff Corps, 1896 Deputy Commissioner, :
Assam author of The Lushais and the

:
Born Oct. Shearer
22, 1852 : son of J. :
educated at Aberdeen Grammar School

Land they live in.
and University M.B. (Honours), 1877 :
SHAKESPEAR, SIR RICHMOND joined the Indian Medical Service, 1880

CAMPBELL (1812-1861) served in Egyptian expedition, 1882
Colonel son of John Talbot Shake-
:
Burmese expedition, 1887-8 Hazara and :
Miranzai expeditions, 1891 Waziristan ex-

spear, B.C.S. born May 11, 1812 educa-
:
: :
pedition, 1894-5 Tirah expedition, 1897- :

ted at Charterhouse and Addiscombe :
8 D.S.O. Secretary to P.M.O. Indian

:
went to India in the Bengal Artillery, :
Forces.
1829 in the Afghan war of 1838-9, went
:
to Kandahar, and to Girishk with Sale :

SHEIL, SIR JUSTIN (1803-1871)
Political Assistant to D'Arcy Todd in
the mission to Herat sent by Todd to :
son of Edward Shell
Political : born :
Khiva to induce the Khan to surrender Dec. 2, 1803 educated at Stonyhurst

: :
Russian captives collected many and took :

joined the 3rd Bengal Infantry in 1820 :
them all to Russia knighted, 1841 : :

present at Bhartpur, 1826 went to :
wrote A Journey from Herat to Oren- Persia in 1833 as second in command:
burg :went, as Military Secretary, with of officers and sergeants sent, under
Pollock to Kabul, 1842 from there he :
Pasmore, to discipline the Shah's Army :
proceeded to Bameean to liberate the Secretary to the British Legation in

British captives, met them after their Persia, 1886-44 British Envoy and :
release, and bought them back to Kabul, Minister in Persia, 1844-54 C.B., 1841 : :
Sep. 1842 returned with Pollock to

:
K.C.B., 1855 Maj-General, 1859
: died :
India Political Assistant at Gwalior

:
April 18, 1871.
A.D.C. to Gough at Maharajpur, 1843 :
in political charge of Gwalior, 1844-8,

SHELTON, JOHN ( ? -1845)
and 1849-51 in the Panj'ab Campaign, :
Entered the 9th foot, 1805 served in :
at Ramnagar, Sadulapur, Chilianwala, Portugal, 1808; Walcheren, 1809; the

Gujarat, in command of a battery Poli- :
Peninsula, 1812-3, losing an arm to :
tical Agent at Jodhpur, 1851 Resident :

India in the first Burmese
1822 : in
at Baroda, 1857 and Brig-General of :
war commanded the 44th in India,
:
Bombay Army, N. Division A.G.G. :

1827-40, and a Brigade in Afghanistan,
for Central India, 1859 C.B., i860 :
1841 in the defence of the cantonments,
:
died at Indore, Oct. 29, 1861. after the Afghans had risen on the :
retreat from Kabul in Jan. 1842 he was

SHAW, ROBERT BARKLEY detained as a hostage and kept among
(1839-1879) the British prisoners by the Afghans till
Son of Robert Grant Shaw born July : Sep. 1842 tried by court-martial in
:
12, 1839 : educated at Marlborough and 1843 and honourably acquitted Colonel, :
1841 : died May 10, 1845, from a fall for Ilchester, 1807-12 : Under Secretary
from his horse at Delhi. for Foreign Affairs, 1782 Secretary to :
the Treasury, 1783 brought forward, :
SHEPHARD, HORATIO HALE in Parliament, on Feb. 7, 1787, the charge

(1842- ) against Warren Hastings, touching the
Born 1842 son of John Shepherd of
: spoliation of the Begams of Oudh, spoke
Doctors' Commons educated at Eton, : for nearly 6 hours and carried it by 175
and Balliol Oxford called to College, : to 68 votes during the trial, he con-
:
the bar at Inner Temple, 1867 practised : ducted the case on the above charge on
in Madras, 1872-89 Professor of Law at : June 3, 1788 and replied, on May 14,
:
the Presidency College Fellow of Madras : 1794, to the defence on the same charge :
University Member of the Legislative

: always in most eloquent speeches died :
Council, Madras: Advocate-General, Ma- July 7, 1816.

dras :Judge of High Court, Madras,
1889-1901 author of Commentaries : SHERRING, REV. MATTHEW
on The Indian Contract Act, The Transfer ATMORE (1826-1880)
of Property Act, Limitation : Legal Born Sep. 26, 1826 educated at :
Adviser to Secretary of State for India Coward College, and University College,
since 1902. London became a Missionary of the
:
London Missionary Society ordained,

SHEPHERD, JOHN (1792-1859)
1852 :to Benares, 1852, in charge of the
:
Captain : son of a Minister of the mission, and to Mirzapiu: died of cholera :
Church of Scotland : born 1792 : served at Benares, Aug, 10, 1880 wrote The :
in the Indian fourth officer in Marine :

Indian Church during the Rebellion, 1859 ;
1 8 13-4 commanded the Duke of York,

:
The Sacred City of the Hindus, an A ccount
1,326 tons, 1821-2 retured, 1826 be- : :
of Benares, 1868 ; Hindu Tribes and
came E. I. Co.'s Director, 1835 : Chair- Castes, 1872-81 History ; of Protestant
man, 1844, 1850, and 185 1 Deputy :
Misions in India, 1875.
Master of the Trinity House Member, :
for " Shipping Interests," of the Council SHERWOOD, MARY MARTHA

of India, established Sep. 1858 resigned :
(1775-1851)
at the end of the year died J an. 12, 1859. :
Born May i775 daughter of George

6, =
Brett, D.D. educated at the Abbey

SHERER, JOHN WALTER (1823-
:
)
School at Reading married her cousin, :
I.C.S bom 1823 son of J. W. Sherer,

: :
Capt. Henry Sherwood, of the 53rd regt.,
B.C.S educated at Rugby and Hailey-
: 1803 went to India, 1804-5 paid much
:
:
bury entered the Bengal Civil Service,

: attention to charity and orphans' homes :
1846 in the mutiny was Magistrate of

: wrote The Indian Pilgrim, Little Henry
j
Fatehpur reached Cawnpur with Have-
: and his Bearer— hev child Henry died at
lock, and remained as Magistrate had :
Berhampur, July 22, 1807, aged i^ yearsr—
to manage the district, besides providing and other works returned to England :
supplies and information for the relief studied Hebrew and wrote many stories,
and recaptvire of Lucknow : Judge of including The History of the Fairchild
Mirzapur Fellow of the Calcutta Univer-
: Family : died Sep. 22, 1851.
sity author of Daily Life during the
:
Indian Mutiny, and (in conjunction with SHIPP, JOHN (1784-1834)

Colonel Maude, C.B., V.C.) Memoirs of
the Mutiny C.S.I, for services during the
;
Son of Thomas Shipp, a marine born :
mutiny. March, 1784 enlisted in the 22nd foot,

:
1797 to India
:
served at capture of :
SHERIDAN, RICHARD BRINSLEY Deeg, Dec. 1804, and at Bhartpur, 1805

:
sold
(1751-1816) given a Commission for bravery:
out to pay his debts, 1808 re-enUsted :
Son born Oct.

of Thomas Sheridan :
:
educated at Harrow, 1762-8, again to India in the 24th Light Dragoons,

30, 175 1 :
in
and privately took to literature and :
and again won a Commission in 181 5 :
the Gurkha war, 1815, and in the

Mahratta-
wrote his famous comedies M.P. for :
Pindari war, 18 17-8 discharged from the

for Westminster, 1806-7
:
Stafford, 1780 ;
;
service by a court-martial, 1823 : pen- Lt-Colonel Chitral Relief Force, 1895 :
:
sioned by the E. I. Co., 1825 : wrote C.B. Colonel on the Staff R.E., China
:
Memories of the Extraordinary Military expedition, 1900-1 Director-General of :
Career of John Shipp, 1819 and Flogging : Military Works, India, 1901-03 Inspr- :
and its Substitute, 1831 became Master : General of Fortifications since 1903.
of the Workhouse at Liverpool died Feb. ;
17. 1834. SHUJAAT ALI, REV. (1791-1865)

Eldest son of the chief Physician at
SHIR ALI (1842P-1872)
the Oudh Court, a very wealthy man :
Son a Khyberi, of the Kuki-

of Wulli :
educated there in Arabic and Persian :
Kheyl clan, a resident of Pakhi, in Afghan- appointed, when young. Prime Minister
istan was a mounted orderly of the
:
of one of the smaller States in the N.P. :
Commissioner of Peshawar before 1862 :

gave it up, at his father's death, to manage
accompanied Reynell Taylor {q.v.) in the the estates. Travelling for pleasure to
Umbeyla campaign, 1863 inherited a :
Calcutta in 1822, he came under the
serious blood feud with a rival branch of influence of the Rev. Eustace Carey (q.v.) :
his own family violating the recognized

:
baptized by Dr. Yates, 1824 all his :
sanctuary of British territory, he killed property confiscated ordained a Baptist :
his hereditary enemy in the submrbs of Minister his life was attempted by some
:
Peshawar : found guilty of

was tried, Muhammadans appointed to a Baptist
:
murder, by the Commissioner of Peshawar, native church in Calcutta, and to supervise

on April 2, 1867, and sentenced to death, a number of smaller churches in and about
but eventually transported for life, in Calcutta was the means of effecting
:
May, 1869, to the Andaman Islands. He many conversions died 1865. :
was doing duty, as barber, at Hopetown,

when Lord Mayo visited Mount Harriet SHUJA-UD-DAULA (1731-1776)
on Feb. 8, 1872. As the Viceroy was on the Son of Safdar Jang. Nawab Wazir of
pier, to return to his steamer, about 7.15
Oudh : born 1731 his real name was :
p.m.. Shir AH inflicted on him two fatal

Jalal-ud-din Haidar succeeded his father :
stabs. Shir Ail was duly tried by the Super-

as Nawab Wazir, 1753 was present at :
intendent of the Andamans settlement.

Panipat, 1761, when the Afghans defeated
General (Sir Donald) Stewart {q.v.), and the Mahrattas supported Shah Alam's
:
hanged on March 11. No trace of any attempt on Bengal received the fugitive :
political plot could be discovered. Mir Kasim, 1763 attacked the English
:
in Bengal, 1764 defeated at Patna by

:
SHIRT, REV. GEORGE (1843-1887) Camac, in May, 1764, and retired to

Missionary born 1843 : educated at :
Baxar, where he was again defeated by
the C.M.S. College, London, and at Cam- Hector Munro, Oct. 23, 1764 sued for :
bridge took honours in the Oriental

:
peace, and fled to the Rohillas and then
Tripos, 1864 to India, 1866, shipwrecked
: :
to the Mahrattas negotiated defeated
: :
was Missionary of the Church Missionary in further fighting by the English threw :
Society at Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur himself on the clemency of the British

in Sind, 1866-86 translated the Bible :
Government, surrendering to Carnac, 1765 :
into Sindi, besides other works in that Clive restored Oudh to him, and made
language travelled
: through Persia, him an ally, 1765 he demanded payment :
1885 :opened a new Mission at Quetta, of his claims on the Rohillas engaged :
1886 learnt Persian, Arabic and Brahui

: :
with Warren Hastings for an English
died June 16, 1887 Fellow of the Bom- :
Brigade to defeat them made a treaty :
bay University M.R.A.S. :

with the Rohillas died at Faizabad, :
Jan. 29, 1775-

SHONE, WILLIAM TERENCE (1860- )
Entered the Royal Engineers, 1871, SIBLEY, GEORGE (1824-1891)

and became Lt-General, 1903 served in : Born Aug. 1824 son of Robert
12, :
Afghan war, 1878-80 Mahsud-Waziri : Sibley educated at University College,

:
expedition, 1881 Burma expedition, : London was on the Bristol and Exeter
:
1885-7 D.S.O.
: Miranzai expeditions,
: Railway under Brunei, 1845 was a Civil :
1891, as CO. of Royal Engineers Brevet- : Engineer on the East Indian Railway,
1851-75. rising in 1868 to be Chief of Calcutta, 1886-97 : Member of Govern-

Engineer of the line and a member of the ment Commission to inquire into dysentery
Board of Agency. He completed the and enteric in S. Africa, 1900-1, and
Allahabad bridge and constructed that plague at Hong Kong, 1902 Professor of :
at Delhi, both over the Jamna river, Hygiene, King's College, London, since
besides other railway works at Delhi: 1898 editor of lournal of Tropical
:
left India, 1875 : CLE : died Oct. 25, Medicine F.R.C.P., 1899. :
1891 : founded Engineering Scholarships

at the Calcutta University : M.I. C.E. SINCLAIR, ALFRED LAW (1853- )
F.R.G.S. Born April 30, 1853 educated at :
Kingstown and Wimbledon schools :
SIBTHORPE, CHARLES (1847- )

Lieutenant in Militia, 1872-4 : joined
Born Feb. 13, 1874 son of Charles Sib- :
the Army, 1874, and the Bombay Staff
thorpe educated privately, Dublin
:
Corps, 1877 became Lt-Colonel, 1900
: :
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, commanded 29th Beluch Infantry, 1896-
Ireland, and of Madras University 1903 served in Burmese expedition,
:
entered the Indian Medical Service, 1870 :

1886-8 D.S.O. :
served in the Afghan campaign, 1878-9 :
Burma expedition, 1885-6 Brigade :

SINCLAIR, DAVID (1847- )
Surgeon C.B., 1897 author of Clinical

: : Born Jan. Surgeon-General26, 1847 : :
Manual for India retired, Surgeon- : son of William Sinclair educated at :
General. Aberdeen Grammar School and University

joined the Indian Medical Service M.B. : :
SIM, JAMES DUNCAN (1823-1888) served in Burmese expedition, 1886-7 :
I.C.S. born 1823 : son of General : C.S.I. Surgeon-General with Government

:
Duncan Sim, R.E. educated at Hailey- :

of Madras.
bury, 1 840-1 went out to Madras in the :
Civil Service, 1842 became Secretary to : SINGH, RAJA SIR DEO NARAYAN
the Board of RevenueRevenue Secretary : (1820-1870)
to Government, Madras Member of the :
Son of Babu Har Narayan Singh or
Board of Revenue, 1868 Member of :
Saiyidpur Bhitari, Ghazipvir, a Bhuinhaf
Council, Marcli, 1870, to March, 1875 :
of the same family as the Maharaja of
retired 1875 C.S.I., 1868: died Jan. 4,
:
Benares succeeded his father in 1846
: :
1888. the jagir of Saiyidpiu: Bhitari had been

resumed in 1828, but in its place a per-
SIMPSON, SIR BENJAMIN (1831- )
petual pension of over Rs. 36,000 p.a. was
Born 1831 educated at Dublin Univer-
:
allowed to the former owner and his heirs.
sity M.D.
: joined the Indian Medical
: Deo Narayan Singh was made Rao
Department, 1853 in medical charge of :
Bahadur for his services in the disturbances
Sir A. Eden's Bhutan Mission, 1863-4 - of 1853 in the mutiny he rendered in-
:
P.M.O., Quetta, 188 1 Surgeon-General, :

valuable assistance to the civil authorities :
Panjab, 1883-4 Bengal, 1884-5 Sur- = :

rescued the fugitive Missionaries, and was
geon-General and Sanitary Commissioner largely responsible for the maintenance of
with the Government of India, 1885-90 :
order :made a Raja, given a khilat, and
K.C.I. E., 1887 retired 1890. : a further annual grant of Rs. 25,000 from
the revenues of Saiyid Bhitari Member :
SIMPSON, THOMAS THOMSON ( ?- )

of the Governor-General's Legislative
Entered the Army, 1857, and became Council K.C.S.L in 1866 died suddenly
: :
Colonel, 1884 served in the Indian : at Benares in Aug. 1870.

mutiny, 1858 Waziri expedition, i860 : :
Zhob Valley Field Force, 1884: C.B., SINGH, MAHARAJA BAHADUR, SIR
1893 retired.
:
DULIP (1837-1893)
Born Feb. 1837 son of Maharaja :
SIMPSON, WILLIAM JOHN RITCHIE Ranjit Singh iq.v.) of the Panjab was :
(1855- )
during his
placed on the throne in 1843 :
Born 1855 educated at Aberdeen : minority the Sikh wars of 1845-6 and
University M.D., 1880 Health Officer
: : 1848-9 occurred a Council of Regency :
and a British Resident at Lahore were whom he succeeded, in 1792, as head of
appointed. On the annexation of the the Sukarchakia branch of the Sikh con-
Panjab, the Maharaja, by a Treaty, dated federacy early in life he lost an eye from
:
March 29, 1849, made over his dominions smallpox at 17 he seized the government,
:
to the E. I. Co., receiving an annuity. and poisoned his mother he allied with
:
Dr. Sir John Login was his Superintendent: Shah Zaman, the Afghan ruler, when the
he lived at Fatehghar, 1850-4, where he latter invaded the Panjab was given :
became a Christian in 1853 he went to : Lahore, 1799 in 1802 he attacked and

:
England in 1854, was made a K.C.S.L, annexed Umritsar. When Jaswant Rao
1861; G.C.S.L, 1866: lived at various Holkar took refuge with Ran jit in 1805,
places like an English gentleman, finally the latter made a treaty with the E.I. Co.
at Elvedon in Suffolk, which cost £283,000. to exclude Holkar from the Panjab :
His extravagance necessitated an inquiry Ranjit seized Ludiana, and other States :
into his debts in 1880. After this he (Sir C.) Metcalfe was sent on a Mission to
turned against the British Government, negotiate with Ranjit in 1808, to frustrate
wrote letters to the Times, etc, In 1886 his extending his dominions across the
he was allowed to revisit India, but, on his Satlaj, when the latter was making
issuing a political proclamation to the further annexations a treaty was con-
:
Sikhs, claiming the Panjab, was stopped cluded at Umritsar on April 25, 1809, by
at Aden, in April, 1886 stayed there till
: which the E. I. Co. and Ranjit recognized
June abjured Christianity and re-em-
: the Satlaj as the boundary of his territories :
braced Sikhism returned to England, a

: he marched against Multan from 1806 until
dissatisfied political refugee Queen : 1 8 10, when he levied a ransom, and made
Victoria forgave his misconduct he died : it eventually a dependency in 1810 he :
in Paris Oct. 22, 1893. subdued the Nakkai and Kanheya Sikh
confederacies in 1812, having established
:
SINGH, PANDIT NAIN (1826P-1882) his authority, he proclaimed himself Raja

A liillman, of the Kshatriya caste was : of the Panjab, and Maharaja in 1819 :
serving under Schlagintweit, the traveller, annexed Kashmir in 1819 by 1820 his
:
while the latter was murdered in Kashgar : power was consolidated between the
became, in 1863, a trained explorer of the Satlaj and the Indus he made the city
:
Indian Survey Dept. in the Trans-Him- and province of Peshawar tributary in

alayan regions under Montgomerie {q.v.) : 1823. He received Shah Shuja when a
was the first to fix the position of Lhasa, fugitive from Afghanistan, and obtained
which he reached in Jan. 1866, by way the Kohinur diamond from him, as well as
of Mansarowar Lake and the Sanpo river : the Derajat and Peshawar in 1833 in :
he reached it again in 1874 by the Ladak- 1835 the Amir Dost Muhammad attacked
Tegrinor route in 1867 visited the gold
: the Sikhs at Peshawar, but was compelled
mines of Thok Talong, crossing 1 ibet from to retire. Ranjit employed European
W. to E. in 1877, he was awarded a Gold
: officers to train his troops he kept at :
Medal by the Royal Geographical Society : peace with the British Government and
for his services he received a special met Lord W. Bentinck at Roopur on Oct.
pension and grant of land died Jan. 1882. : 26, 1831. In 1838 he made a tripartite
treaty with Shah Shuja and the British
SINGH, MAHARAJA SIR PARTAB Government and helped Sir W. H. Mac-
NARAYAN (1855- )
naghten and the British force on their
Born July 13, 1855 grandson of Sir
: way to Afghanistan he visited Lord
:
Man Singh, K.C.S.L belongs to Sankil-

: Auckland, the Governor-General at Lahore,
deep sect of Brahmans one of the largest: in 1838 he died June 27, 1839, of paralysis.
:
landowners in Oudh Member of Legis-

: Though uneducated, selfish and sensual,
lative Council, U.P. and Oudh K.C.I.E., : he, by natural ability and indefatigable
1895 :Life President of the British Indian labour, by his genius for military affairs
Association M.R.A.S.
: and civil administration, built up the
kingdom of the Panjab and created ;i
SINGH, MAHARAJA RANJIT large and trained army of Sikhs he :
(1780-1839) never failed in his alliance with the^British

Maharaja : ruler of the Panjab : born Government.
Nov. 2, 1780 : son of Sirdar Mahan Singh,
SINNETT, ALFRED PERCY (1840- ) of the Bengal Temperance movement :
Born Jan. 1840: son of E.W. P.

18.
his death was deeply lamented for his
literary attainments, his educational
Sinnett : educated at London University
labours and his sterling moral worth :
school,London : journalist editor of
:
died Sep. 30, 1875.

Hong-Kong Daily Press, 1865-8 editor :
of Pioneer, India, 1872

the devoted :
much attention to the Theosophical SITWELL, WILLIAM HENRY

(1860- )
movement, 1879 author of The Occult
'
World, Buddhism, Karma and

Esoteric Born Nov. 20, i860 son of Major :
United, The Growth of the Soul President : Francis Henry M. Sitwell educated at :
of the London branch of the Theosophical Harrow and Sandhurst entered the Army, :
Society editor of Broad Views Review,

: 1880 served in the Afghan campaign,
:
1904. 1880 :Bechuanaland Police, 1891-3 :
Ashanti expedition, 1895-6 : Nile expe-

SIRCAR, DR. MAHENDRA LAL ditions, 1897-8-9 Atbara, : Khartoum,
(1833-1904) and Omdvurman
Brevet-Lt-Colonel : :
Scientist : born Nov. 2, 1833 : educated S. African war, 1900-2 D.S.O., 1900 : :
at the Hare
school, the Hindu, Presidency, A.A.G., 1900 F.R.G.S.
: Colonel. :
and Calcutta Medical, Colleges M.D. in :
1863. Before the Bengal Branch of the SIVA PRASAD, RAJA (1823-1896)
British Medical Assiocation. of which he An Oswal Vaisya by caste related to :
was Secretary and Vice-President, he the Seths of Murshidabad, whence his ances-
early denoimced Homoeopathy, but in tors fled from the Nawab to Benares son of :
1867 declared his faith in it, and started Babu Gopi Chand born 1823 owned land : :
the Calcutta lournal of Medicine, to in Benares and Gorakhpur educated at :
advance In 1876, with the sup-

his views. Benares College became in 1839 a vakil
:
port of Sir R. Temple, he founded the of the Maharaja of Bhartpur, to attend

Indian Association for the Cultivation the Court of Colonel Sutherland, then
of Science, and devoted his life to the A.G.G. at Ajmir attended Lord Ellen-
:
cause of science for the benefit of his borough's darbar at Delhi left the :
fellow-countrymen physical science,

:
Bhartpur service joined William Edwards,
:
astronomy, literature and general research then Under Secretary in the Foreign
fully occupied his time. He was a Fellow Department, and was appointed, 1840,
of the Calcutta University, 1870 Honorary :
Naib Mir Munshi in that Department :
Magistrate, 1877-1902 Sheriff of Calcutta, :

was, 1848, Mir Munshi of the Simla Agency
(1887), Member of the Bengal Legislative when Mr. Edwards became Superintendent
Council, 1887-93 Doctor of Law, 1898: :
of the protected Hill States became, :
Member of the Council of the Asiatic 1852, Mir Munshi of the Benares Agency
Society Trustee of the Indian Museum
:
under H. C. Tucker was Joint-Inspector :
Commissioner of the Calcutta Corporation in the Department of PubUc Instruction

for years : made CLE. in 1883, in recog- and Inspector of Schools, about i860, under
nition of his services to science. He was Sir W. Muir CS.L, May, 1870
:
Raja, :
an advanced Liberal, but never virulently March, 1874 the same title declared
:
Government measvires a
attacked his :
hereditary, Feb. 1887: was in 1883
speeches were often very eloquent : died Member of the Governor-General's Legis-
atJCalcutta, Feb. 23, 1904. lative Council and Fellow of AUahabad
University: died at Benares, May 23.
SIRCAR, PIARI CHARAN (1823-1875)
1895 succeeded by his son Raja Sachit
:
Educated at the Hindu College entered : Prasad: his Uterary work was chiefly
the Education Department for several : devoted to the popularization of Hindustani
as the colloquial tongue midway
between
years Head Master of the Hare school,
of
Calcutta one of the first Bengali officers
:
the Persianised Urdu and the Hindi
of the Education Service became an : the Pandits. His works numbered 32.
18 in Hindi, the rest in Urdu many are
Assistant Professor of English Literature
:
of
at the Calcutta Presidency College was : schoolbooks, such as a translation
histori-
an advocate of female education and Sandford and Merton; others were
of widow-marriage the Chief promoter : cal or philological.
SKINNER, JAMES (1778-1841) at Woolwich entered the Royal Artillery,
:
Son of Lt-Colonel Hercules Skinner, a 1861 : served in Bazar Valley expedition,

Scotchman, and a Rajput lady born in :
1878 Afghan campaign, 1879-80 com-
: :
1778 joined the Mahratta Army under

:
manded a battery at battle of Maiwand,
Count De Boigne in 1796, and remained in and battle of Kandahar C.B. 1881 : :
it, performing active service under Perron, Transvaal campaign, 1881-2 Military :
until 1803. He fought against the adven- Attache at Rome, 1887-95 in Abyssinia :
turer, George Thomas. Being obliged to with Italian troops A.D.C. to Queen Vic- :
resign Sindia's service on the outbreak of toria commanded R.A. in N.E. District
:
:
the Mahratta war, James Skinner was has commanded British troops in Egypt
employed by Lord Lake to raise '
' Skinner's since 1903.
Horse," with which " Irregular Horse " he
distinguished himself, rendering great
SLADEN, SIR EDWARD BOSC
(1827-1890)
assistance to General Monson on his
retreat before Holkar and in subsequent Colonel born Nov. 20, 1827
: son of :
Dr. Ramsey Sladen educated at Oswestry

engagements his regiment, the " Yellow
:
: :
Boys," was at the siege of Bhartpur, went to India in 1849 joined the ist :
1825-6. He was granted, in 181 8, a jagir Madras Fusiliers was in the Burmese war :
yielding Rs. 20,000 a year, and appointed of 1852-3 and in the operations against
to be a Lt-Colonel in his Majesty's service rebels in 1856-7 at the taking of Luck- :
and made C.B. He was highly regarded now in March, 1858, and in the Oudh
by successive Governors-General, Com- campaign joined the Staff Corps, and
:
manders-in-Chief, and high officials. He returned to Burma on special duty to :
died Dec. 4, 1841, at Hansi, and was Mandalay, 1866, saved the lives of Chris-
eventually buried, on Jan, 17, 1842, in tians there negotiated a treaty at Manda-
:
the church which he had himself built at lay, 1867 led a political Mission to Chinese
:
Delhi at a cost of £20,000. frontier, 1868 Commissioner of Arakan,:
1876-85 Chief PoHtical officer in the

:
SKINNER, THOMAS (1800P-1843) Burmese, war, 1885-6 knighted, 1886 : :
retired, 1887: died Jan. 4, 1890: wrote

Son of Lt-General John Skinner born :
about 1800 an account of the Expedition to China vid

joined the i6th foot, 181 6
: :
wrote Excursions in India, about his

Bhamo, 1869.
travels in the Himalayas took the over- :
SLEEMAN, SIR WILLIAM HENRY
land route to India, 1833, via Egypt, (1788-1856)
Palestine, Syria, Euphrates and the
Born Aug. 18, 1788 son of Philip :
Persian Gulf, and wrote an account of his
Sleeman joined the Bengal Army in
:
adventures, 1836 commanded the 31st
:
regt. with Pollock's Army of Retribution

1809 was in the Nipal war, 18 14-6
: :
Assistant A.G.G. for the Sagar and Ner-

to Kabul, 1842 at Tezin, Sep. 13, 1842
: :
budda territories, from 1820 General :
C.B. :Brevet-Lt-Colonel died May 6, :
Superintendent of the Operations for the

1843.
suppression of Thagi, 1835 and of Dakaiti :
SKRINE, FRANCIS HENRY BENNETT also, from 1839 was Resident at Gwalior, :
(1847- ) 1843-9 and at Lucknow 1849-56

*
:

: son of :
advised against the annexation of Oudh
Captain Clarmont Skrine educated :
his assassination attempted, 185 1 died at :
at Blackheath School entered the :

sea off Ceylon, Feb. 10, 1856 wrote :
Indian Civil Service, 1868 Collector of :

Rambles and Recollections of an Indian
Customs, Calcutta, 1895 Commissioner :
Official, 1844 A Journey through the ;
of Chittagong Division, 1896 retired :

Kingdom of Oudh in 1849-50, 1858 a ;
1897 :author of Laborious Days, 1892 ;

vocabulary of the peculiar language used
An Indian Journalist, The Heart of Asia, by the Thags, 1836, and other works on
The Life of Sir W. W. Hunter, K.C.S.I. Indian subjects Maj-General. :
The Expansion of Russia, etc.

SLIGO, HENRY ULICK BROWNE,
SLADE, JOHN RAMSAY (1843- )
FIFTH MARQUIS OF (1831- )
Born March Maj-General

16, 1843 : I.C.S. : son of second Marquis : born
son of General Sir Marcus Slade educated : March 14, 1831 educated at : Rugby
J
and Haileybury went, then Lord : Correspondent, 1859-75 Hony Magistrate :
H. U. Browne, to India, 1851 and J. P. in Bengal: Fellow of Calcutta

Private Secretary to the President in University, 1856-75 CLE. in 1878, for :
Council, 1858 Under Secretary to the: services, educational and Uterary, to the
Bengal Government, 1859 to the Govern- : people of India. Since leaving India in
ment of India in the Home and Financial 1879 Smith has been Foreign Secretary
Departments, i860 Registrar of the : of the Free Church of Scotland F.R.G.S. :
Sadr Court, 1861 Magte-CoUector, 1866 ; : and F.S.S. London Member of Council :
Commissioner, 1 8 69: acting Chairman of the of Royal Scottish Geographical Society :
Calcutta Corporation, 1872 Commissioner : has written Students' Geography of British

of the Chittagong and Presidency Divi- India Short History of Christian Missions;
;
sions and of the Rajshahi Division.

: Twelve Indian Statesmen Twelve Pioneer ;
1875-86 acting Member, Board of

: Missionaries : Life of William Carey, D.D. ;
Revenue, 1878 retired, 1886 succeeded : : Henry Marty n, Saint and Scholar; Life of
as Marquis, Dec. 1903. lohn Wilson, D.D., F.R.S. Bishop Heber : :
Life of Alexander Duff, D.D. : Stephen

SMEATON, DONALD MACKENZIE Hislop The Conversion of India, besides
;
(1846- ) many articles in the Encyclop<zdia Britan-

I.C.S. : born Sep. 9, 1846 : educated at
nica. Quarterly Review, Good Words,
the Abbey Park Institution, St. Andrew's, Chambers's lournal, the Times, the Scots-
and at St. Andrew's University M.A. : :
man, etc., and pamphlets on India and
arrived in India 1867, held minor appoint- Missions.
ments in the N.W.P. went to Burma :
in 1879 Chief Secretary, 1887 officiated

: : SMITH, SIR HARRY GEORGE WAKE-
as Chief Commissioner in 1892 and 1896 : LYN, BARONET (1787-1860)
Member of the Governor-General's Legis-
Born June 28, 1787 son of John :
lative Council in 1898 and 1901 C.S.I, in :
Smith, surgeon, of Whittlesey baptized :

1895 :retired in Nov. 1902 published :
as Henry, but called Harry entered the :

an edition of the N.W.P. Revenue Act,
The Currency of India, The Karens of 95th Rifles in 1805 served in S. America, :
Burma, at Monte Video and Buenos AyrtS, 1806-7 :
throughout the Peninsular war, 1808-14:

again in America, at Bladensburg and New
SMITH, SIR CHARLES BEAN EUAN
Orleans, 1814-5 was at Waterloo C.B.
: :
(1842- )
Brevet-Lt-Colonel at Halifax, Nova
:
Entered the Indian Army, 1859, and Scotia, and D.Q.M.G. in Jamaica, 1826,
became Colonel, 1885 served in the :
and at the Cape, 1828 commanded a :
Abyssinian war, 1867-8, at capture of Division in the Kafir war of 1834-6

Magdala Secretary to Su: F. Goldsmid*s
:
D.Q.M.G. Brevet-Colonel, 1837
:
Adjt- :
Mission to Persia, 1870-2 P.S. to Sir :

General in India, 1839 at Maharajpur, :
B. Frere on his Mission to Zanzibar and Dec. 1843 K.C.B. commanded a

: :
Muscat, 1872-3 in the Indian Political :

Division in the Satlaj campaign at :
Department in the Afghan war, 1879-80

: :
Mudki and Firozshahr, and Sobraon
in the Kabul-Kandahar march Consul- :
commanded the Force and led the final
General, Zanzibar, 1888 K.C.B., 1890 : :
charge at Aliwal, Jan. 28, 1846 Maj- :
Minister at Tangier, 1891-2 D.C.I., 1893 : :

General made Baronet of Aliwal and
: :
C.S.I., 1872 : retired, G.C.B. LL.D., Cambridge made Gover-

:
:
nor of the Cape, 1847 Lt-General (local :
SMITH, GEORGE (1833- ) rank) defeated the Boers under Preforms

:
Born April 28, 1833 son of Adam : at Boom Plaatz resisted successfully the
:
Smith educated at the Royal High

:
landing of convicts at the Cape carried on :
School and University of Edinburgh a harassing war against the Kafirs, 1850-1,
Professor, 1854, and Princi- but was recalled in 1852 held District
LL.D., 1868 :
:
commands in England, 1853-59 Lt-

1855-8, of the Doveton College,
=
pal,
Calcutta : Editor of the Friend of India, General, 1854 several towns in S. Africa
:
wife
called after him and his (Spanish)
:
Serampur, 1859-75 of the Calcutta Review, :
1857-64 of the Annals of Indian Admin-

:
Col. Commandant of 2nd and subsequently
Battalion of the Rifle Brigade:
istration, 1859-75": the Times' India of ist
authoi ut an Autobiography, published 1857. Fellow of Society of Actuaries :
in igui : died in London, Oct. 12, i860. Consulting Engineer of Madras Irrigation
Co. F.S.S. he studied deeply the ques-
SMITH, HENRY BABINGTON : :
tion of the currency of India, advocating

(1863- )
a gold standard for India, and attended
Born Jan. 29, 1863 : son of Archibald the International Monetary Congress
Smith, LL.D., F.R.S : educated at Eton at Paris in 1865, and wrote constantly
and Trinity College, Cambridge (ist Class on this and
similar scientific subjects :
Classical Tripos and Chancellor's Medal) :

member several scientific Societies
of :
Principal Private Secretary to Chancellor from 1866 to 1880, he was on the consult-
of the Exchequer, 1891-2: clerk in the ing committee, Military Fund Depart-
Treasury, 1892 Secretary to the British : ment, at the India Office died May 14, :
Delegates at the Brussels monetary con- 1882.

ference, 1892 Private Secretary to Lord
:
Elgin, when Viceroy of India, 1894-9 :

SMITH, JOSEPH (1733P-1790)
C.S.L, 1897: Secretary to the Post Office
Born about 1733 served under Clive :
since 1903.
in the Carnatic in 1752 taken prisoner =
SMITH, JOHN MANNERS (1864- )

by the French, 1753 commanded the :
Trichinopoly garrison, 1757-8 at the :
Major born Aug. 30, 1864

: son of :
taking of Karikal and siege of Pondicherry,
Surgeon-General Charles Manners Smith :
1760-1 Colonel, 1766
: in command :
educated at Norwich and Sandhurst :

of the forces which defeated Hyder and
entered the Army, 1883, and Indian Staff the Nizam at Trinomalai, Sep. 26, 1767 :
Corps, 1885 joined the Political Depart-

:
made treaty with the Nizam, 1768 :
ment, India, 1887 went with Sir M. :

Maj -General took Tanjore, 1773
: re- '
Durand to Sikhim, 1888, and Kabul, tired died Sep. i, 1790.

:
1893 : served in N.W. Frontier expe-

ditions at the capture of Nilt position
: :
SMITH," SIR LIONEL, BARONET
V.C. in Hunza-Nagar, 1891 Isazai, : (1778-1842)
1892 : Tirah, 1897-8 CLE., 1894 : :
son of Benjamin
Born Oct. 9, 1778 :
Political Agent.
Smith of Liss, West India merchant :
SMITH, JOHN RICHARD BULLEN entered the Army in i795 served in =
( P-1887) various regiments in America, Africa and

Son Rev. J. Smith
of the for many :
the West Indies rapidly promoted :
years a prominent merchant head of :

in 1807 at Bombay Colonel, 1813 : :
the firm of Messrs. Jardine, Skinner & noted for his share in the Mahratta war
Co., Calcutta : thrice President of the of 18 17-18 he commanded the 4th
:
Bengal Chamber of Commerce : Sheriff Division of the Dekkan Army under Sir
of Calcutta for 2 years : Member of the Thomas Hislop in 18 17 captured Poona
: :
Legislative Councils Bengal and the of pursued the Peshwa, finally overtaking
Governor-General C.S.L Member of : :
and defeating him at Ashti left India : :
the Council of India, 1885-7 died Jan. :

was made Governor of Barbadoes, 1833,
1887. and later C. in C. at J amaica ; in both
5.
islands he was unpopular with the planters
SMITH, JOHN THOMAS (1805-1882) on account of his sympathy with the
Son of George Smith born April 16, :
coloured inhabitants Lt-General, 1837 : :
1805 : educated at Repton, Edinbiurgh made a Baronet at the Coronation of

High School, Addiscombe entered the :
Queen Victoria in 1840 appointed :
Madras Engineers in 1824 reached :

Governor of the Mauritius, where he died
Madras, served in the P.W.D.,
1825 :
in 1842.
and worked the improvement of for
lighthouses in that Presidency F.R.S. :
SMITH, MICHAEL WILLIAM
in 1837 constructed the Madras light-
:
(1809-1891)
house Superintending Engineer at Ma-
: Son born
of Sir Michael Smith, Bart. :
dras, 1839 Mint-master there, 1840,

: April 1809 27,joined the 82nd loot :
and at Calcutta, 1855, effecting many in 1830 served in India

: in the Crimea, :
improvements he retired as Colonel, : commanded Turkish Irregular Cavalry

395
in the mutiny commanded a Brigade in perseverance" are mentioned (by
Rajputana, against Tantia Topi Lord
: at Roberts) " We must hold on,"
the capture of Gwalior, etc.
:
he said
C.B., 1859 : : to Wilson: he was ably
commanded the Poona Division General, supported by
:
Capt. Alexander Taylor, R.E.
1877 C.B., and :
died April 18, 1891
: wrote on :
Lt-Colonel: Mint-master of Calcutta
military subjects m Sep. 1858 Member of the Calcutta
:
University A.D.C. to Queen Victoria

:
SMITH, REGINALD BOSWORTH Secretary to the Govt, of India in the

:
(1839- P.W.D.
)
did excellent service in connec-
:
Born June 28, 1839 son of Canon :

tion with the famine of 1861
on his :
Reginald Southwell Smith educated :

way home, died off Madras, Dec. '13,
at Marlborough and Corpus Christi Col- 1 86 1. A monument was erected to his
lege, Oxford (ist Class in Mods, and Final memory in St, Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta.
Classical School) Fellow of Trinity Col-
:
lege, Oxford : Assistant Master, Harrow SMITH, SIR ROBERT MURDOCH

School author of : Muhammad and Muham- (1835-1900)
madanism. The Life of Lord Lawrence, Born Aug. 18, 1835 son of Hugh :
etc. etc, Smith educated at Kilmarnock, and

:
Glasgow University: entered the Royal

SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD Engineers, 1855: on the archiBological
(1818-1861) expedition to Asia Minor which discovered
the mausoleum at Hahcarnassus. 1856-9 :
Born Dec. 1818 son of Richard
31, :
explored the Cyrenaica, in N. Africa,

Smith, Surgeon R.N. educated at :
1 860-1 employed on the Persian portion

Lasswade, Dunse Academy, and Addis- :
of the telegraph line to India, 1863

combe joined the Madras Engineers
:
•-
at Madras in 1838, Adjutant, 1839

became Director of the Persian telegraph
=
at Teheran, 1865-85 Director of the
appointed Assistant to Sir Proby Cautley, :
Superintendent of the Doab canal, in

Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art,
1840 was in charge of the Jamna canal
:
1885 : Dkector in Chief of the Indo-
in 1843 in the first Sikh war was with
:
European Telegraph Department, 1887 :
on special Mission to Persia, 1887

Sir Harry Smith Badiwal and Aliwal, at
K.C.M.G., 1888 Maj-General wrote
also at Sobraon after the war resumed
:
: :
his canal work

on Persian art, and subjects connected
in the Panjab cam- :
with Persia ; died July 3, 1900.

paign of 1848-9, was at Ramnagar,
Sadulapur, ChiHanwala, and Gujarat
on fmrlough was deputed to examine SMITH, ROBERT PERCY (1770-1845)
the irrigation canals of Piedmont and Known as " Bob us " Smith son of :
Lombardy, 1850-2 reported on the : Robert Smith, and brother of Sydney

irrigation works of the Madras Presi- Smith, and father of Lord Lyveden \q.v.) :
dency in 1854 succeeded Cautley as

: born 1770 educated at Eton and King's
:
Superintendent of Canals, N.W.P. in :

College, Cambridge called to the bar :
the mutiny he put Rurki into a state of from Lincoln's Inn, 1797 appointed :
defence, then went to Delhi as Chief Advocate-General of Bengal, 1803 Sir

Engineer, He advised an immediate James Mackintosh wrote of him "I —
:
assault of the city, which could not be hear frequently of Bobus. His fame
carried out but, on his persistence,
: among the natives is greater than that
the siege was continued, the siege train of any pandit since the days of Manu " :
arrived, and Archdale Wilson, the General Smith returned to England in seven years
commanding, yielded to Smith's judg- with a fortune M.P. 1812, and 1818-26:
:
ment as to the necessity of assaulting had a great reputation for his wit and
Delhi :breaches were effected by bom- conversation, and Latin verse died '
:
bardment, and Delhi was taken by assault March 10, 1845.

on Sep. 14, 1857 Baird Smith, though :
painfully wounded, carried the operations SMITH, SAMUEL (1836- )
through, bearing great responsibility, Born at Kirkcudbright, 1836 son :
and deserving full credit for their success : of James Smith, merchant. Liverpool
" his indomitable courage and determined educated at Borgue Academy: M.P, for
Liverpool, 1882-5 for Flintshue, since = hist Emperor of India, 1901 The Early ;
1886 President of the Liverpool Chamber

: History of India, 1904 Catalogue of the ;
of Commerce, 1876 has devoted much : non-Muhammadan Coins in the Indian

time and attention to Indian affairs in Museum (in the press), and of numerous
Parliament is opposed to : the opium papers on history, antiquities, and nu-
trade has toured in India, and advocated
: mismatics in the J.A.S.B., J.R.A.S.,
various measures of reform for that coun- Z.D.M. G., Calcutta Review, Quarterly
try is a bimetallist.
: Review, and Indian Antiquary : Editor
of Sleeman's Rambles and Recollections,
SMITH, REV. THOMAS, D.D. 1893.
(1817- )
SMITH-DORRIEN, HORACE LOCK-
Born Lymington, July 8, 1817
at :
WOOD (1868- )
educated at Edinburgh University went :
out to Calcutta, Aug. 1839, as a Missionary Maj-General educated at Harrow

: :
of the Church of
Scotland Mission :
Lt-Colonel, 1899 served in Zulu war, :

joined the Free Church also acted as :
1879 •Egyptian war, 1882 Soudan :

Presbyterian Chaplain of the 42nd regt.
and accompanied it in the field, until campaign, 1885 Soudan Frontier Field
:
Force, 1885-6 D.S.O. D.A.A.G., Bengal,

recalled by the Home Government : in
:
Tirah
:
1893-4 A.A.G., Panjab, 1894-6

: :
1840 devised the plan of the Zenana
campaign, 1897-8 Brevet-Lt-Colonel :
Mission left India, 1858, for ministerial
:
Nile expedition, 1898 Brevet-Colonel :

duty in Edinburgh also edited the :
:
Calcutta Review, Nos, 35-49, and wrote

Maj-General commanding 19th Brigade,
S. Africa, 1900 commanding First Class
:
32 articles in it was a keen mathema- :
District, India, since 1903 C.B., 1904 : :

tician and wrote on the Astronomy of
the Hindus and various subjects F.R.G.S.
suc- :
ceeded Dr. Alexander Dufi{q.v.) as Profes- WALTER (1843-

SMYTH, ETWALL )
sor of EvangeHstic Theology in the Free

Church Scotland of was Moderator :
Son of Rev. George Watson Smyth
of the General Assembly of the Free educated at Cheltenham and Addiscombe
Chiurch in 1891 wrote also Mediceval :
entered the Indian Army, in Bengal, 1861
Missions, 1880; Alexander Duff, 1883; served on the N.E. Frontier, 1865-6
Modern Missions and Culture, and His- in the Malta and Cyprus expedition,
tory of Protestant Misions (both trans- r878 Afghan campaign, 1879
: Isazai :
lated from the German), 1884 expedition, 1892 Chitral expedition, :

edited :
a series of The Protestant Divines. 1895 C.B., 1896

: Colonel. :
SMYTH, OWEN STUART (1853- )
SMITH, VINCENT ARTHUR

(1848- )
Entered the Royal Artillery, 1873, and
became Lt-Colonel, 1898 served : in the
I.C.S. born June 3, 1848
: son of :
Afghan war, 1878-80 at Kandahar in the :
Aquilla Smith, M.D. of Dublin educated :

Burma war, 1885-6 : Wuntho expedition,
at Trinity College, Dublin M.A. Fellow : :
Manipur Colonel commanding
1891 : :
of the Allahabad University arrived :

mountain batteries, Jutogh D.S.O. :
in India, 1871 served in the N.W.P. and

:
1886 : Colonel.
Oudh in the settlement department
:
and subordinate posts, until he became SMYTH, SIR ROWLAND ( ? -1873)

Magistrate-Collector, 1889 District :
Entered the Army, 1821 served with :
Judge, 1895 Chief Secretary, 1898

: :
the 26th Lancers at Bhartpur, 1825-6 :
Commissioner, 1898 retired, 1900 : :

at Maharajpur, 1843, and Aliwal C.B. : :
Reader in Indian History and Hindustani Maj-General, Lt-General, 1870

i860 : :
in the University of Dublin, 1902-3 :

commanded the Central Division of the
author of The Settlement Officer's Manual Madras Army K.C.B. : died 1873. :
for the N.W.P., 1881 General Index to ;
Cunningham's Archaeological Survey Re- SOLLY-FLOOD, FREDERICK

ports, 1887 The Remains near Kasia,
;
RICHARD (?)
1896 The Jain Stupa and other Antiqui-
; Entered the Indian Army, 1849, and
ties of Mathura, 1901 Asoka, the Budd- ; became Maj-General, 1885 : served in
397
N.W. 1851-2; Indian mutiny,
Frontier, to England: resided, as a Scholar,
1857-9 at
:Brevet-Major C.B., 1877 : :
Somerville HaU, Oxford, 1888:
Maj-General. studied
law.
SOLVYNS, FRANCOIS BALTHAZAR SORENSEN, SOREN (1848-1902)

(1760-1824)
Born 1848 Danstrup in Denmark:
at
Artist : born at Antwerp, 1760 showed :
at ^the University his principal study
genius at 12 drew sea-pieces patron-
: :
was Phflology, with Sanskrit as a help
ized by the Arch-duchess Maria Chris-
towards it: after
taking his degree,
tina till her death accompanied Sir :
became a schoohnaster, but resigned this
Home Popham in a voyage to the East :
work for the sake of his Oriental studies
made charts of the coasts of the Red Sea :
Doctor of Philology, 1833
:
visited India and thoroughly studied gained the :
gold medal of the Danish Academy

the country present at the siege of
:
of
Sciences by his paper on The Position of
Seringapatam after 15 years of labour,
:
Sanskrit in the General Development of
inwhich he was assisted by Sir W. Jones, Languages in India
he returned home and brought out, " to pubHshed The :
Position of the Mahabharata in Indian

delineate the people of Hindustan in all
Literature appointed Lecturer at the
:
their customs and usages, both of their

University of Copenhagen, 1899 elected :
public and their private life," his great
Member the Academy of Sciences,
of
work Les Hindous, 1807-12, dedicated 1900 May, 1902, appointed Professor of
:
to the French Institute Captain of the :

Indian Philology at Copenhagen, but
Port of Antwerp till his death there, died Dec. 1902. The study of the Maha-
Oct. 10, 1824.
bharata was the chief work of his life :
he lived to complete his Index to the
SOMERSET, SIR HENRY (1794-1862) Names in the Mahabharata written in
Born Dec. 30, 1794 son of Lord Charles : English, though not to see it published.
Somerset and grandson of fifth Duke of Part I appeared in 1904. It is a work
Beaufort entered the Army, 181 1
: in :
of the highest importance, not only as
the Peninsula, 1813-4 in the Nether- :
an aid towards the publication of a final
lands in 1 8 15, in the i8th Hussars at :
critical text of the Mahabharata, but
Walcheren A.D.C. to his uncle. Lord
:
also for any student of Indian antiquity.'
R. E. Somerset saw service at the Cape
:
Sorensen concentrated all his energies
of Good Hope in the Kafir war with his on one great work, and is therefore less
regt., the Cape Mounted Rifles K.C.H. and :
known than he deserves to be.
C.B. in 1834 Maj-General in the Kafir
:
war of 1853, and K.C.B. after it C. in C. :

SOUTER, SIR FRANK H. ( ? -1888)
in Bombay, 1855-60 Lt-General Colonel : :
Son Captain Souter of the 44th
of
of the 25th regt. died Feb. 15, 1862.
:
regt., who was a prisoner in Afghanistan,
1842 served as a volunteer against
:
SORABJI, CORNELIA (1866- )

the rebels in the Nizam's dominions, 1850 :
Fifth daughter of Rev. Sorabji Khar- appointed Superintendent of Police at
sedji, a Missionary of the Church Mission- Dharwar, 1854 in the mutiny of 1857,
:
ary Society at Poona, who married captured the Nurgoond Mahratta Chiefs
a Hindu convert to Christianity bom : for which he received a sword of honour :
at Nasik, 1866 highly educated

: taught : suppressed Bhil brigands in the N,
in the Victoria High School, Poona, Dekkan, 1859 killed Bhagoji Naik, the
:
opened by her mother matriculated : notorious Bhil outlaw recommended :
in the Bombay University entered, as a : for theVictoria Cross Commissioner :
student, the Dekkan College at Poona : of Police in Bombay, 1864-88 C.S.I. :
was head student of the College in the in 1868 knighted by H.R.H. the Prince
:
B.A. degree examination of the Bombay of Wales at Bombay, 1875 CLE. in :
University, 1887 gained, 1888, a Fellow-

: 1886 :Member of the Bombay Municipal
ship in the Gujarat College at Ahmada- Corporation from 1872 and of the Town
bad :lectured on English Literature Council died at the Nilgiris. June 5,
:
and Languages acted as Professor of

: 1888 : a Souter Memorial Fund was
English in the College resigned went : : raised.
SPEECHLY, RIGHT REV. JOHN SPRENGER, ALOYS (1813-1893)
MARTINDALE (1836-1898) Son Christopher Sprenger
of born :
Son of Thomas Kelfall Speechly in the Tyrol, Sep. 3, 1813 educated at :
educated at St. John's College, Cam- Innsbruck, Vienna, Paris studied Medi- :
bridge ordained, i860

: devoted him- : cine and Oriental languages naturalized :
self to foreign Mission work, 1862 was : in England, 1838 M.D. at Leyden Univer-
:
made Bishop of Travancore and Cochin, sity, 1841 went to India in the E. I. Co.'s
:
1879 resigned, 1889

: Vicar of Hernhill, : Medical Service, 1843: Principal of the
Faversham, 1892 died Jan. 20, 1898. : Muhammadan College at Delhi, 1844 :
Assistant Resident at Lucknow, 1847-50 :
SPEKE, PETER (1745-1811) Principal of the Calcutta Madrasa, of the

Muhammadan College at Hughli, and
Of the Civil Service, on the Bengal
Persian Translator to Government, 185 1-4 :
Establishment Member, from Sep. 17,

:
Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal,
1789, to Oct. 2, 1801, of the Supreme 1 85 1-4 Professor
:retired, 1857 of :
Council, where his was " long a ruling Oriental Languages at Berne settled :
voice." At the time of his death, on at Heidelberg died there, Dec. 19,
:
Nov. 30, 181 1, he was acting President 1893 : wrote an English-Hindustani

of the Board of Trade, and President of grammar, Selections from Arabic Authors,
the Marine Board buried in Calcutta. :
The History of Mahmud of Ghazni, an
edition of the Gulistan, the Life of Muham-
SPENCER, HON. SIR AUGUSTUS mad from original sources on Old :
ALMERIC (1807-1893) Arabian Geography : compiled a Cata-

Third son of first Lord Churchill logue of the MSS. in the library of the
born March 25, 1807 educated privately : :
King of Oudh knew 25 languages and
:
entered the Army, 1825 served in Portu- :

Oriental literature thoroughly printed :
gal, Canada throughout the Crimea, in

:
in Hindustani, at Delhi, the first vernacular
all the battles commanding the 44th :
paper printed in India, a weekly Periodical.
regt., and as Brigadier Maj-General :
commanded the Bangalore Division, i860 :

SPRY, HENRY HARPER (1804-1842)
C. in C. Bombay, Aug. 1869, to Oct. 1874 : Of the Bengal Medical Staff travelled :
General died Aug. 28, 1893

: G.C.B. :
greatly in India wrote Modern India : :
Secretary to the Agri-Horticultural Society

SPENCER, RIGHT REV. GEORGE of India, whose Journal he established :
TREVOR (1799-1866)
F.R.S. M.R.A.S
: Member of the Asiatic :
Society of Bengal Member of the :
Son William Robert Spencer, and

of Statistical Society of London died in :
great-grandson of the third Duke of Calcutta, Sep. 4, 1842.

Marlborough educated at Charterhouse
:
and University College, Oxford incum- :

SPURGIN, SIR JOHN BLICK
bent of Buxton, 1824-9 rector of Leaden :
(1821-1903)
Roding, Essex, 1829-37 Bishop of : Lt-General entered the Army in 1842
: :
Madras, 1837-49 D.D., 1837 Coad- : : served with the Royal Dublin Fusiliers
jutor Bishop in the Diocese of Bath and till 1872 Colonel of that regt. in 1895
: :
Wells Chancellor of St. Paul's

: rector, : served with distinction through the
1 86 1, of Walton in the Wolds died July : mutiny Brig-Major to General Neill at
:
16, 1866. Cawnpur, and at the entry and defence

of Lucknow assisted Sir D. Russell at
:
SPENCER, LIONEL DIXON (1842- the capture of the Kaisarbagh and the
final siege of Lucknow. His later service
Born June 16, 1842 son of William :
was in Ireland and England. He was
Spencer educated at Newcastle and St.
:
made C.S.I, in 1869 C.B. in 1871 : :
Andrew's University M.D. entered : :

K.C.B. in 1893. He died in London,
Indian Medical Service, 1865, and retired, Nov. 27, 1903.
1902 served in Waziristan expedition,
:
1894-5, as P.M.O. C.B., 1895 Principal : : STABLES, JOHN ? - ? ) (
Medical Officer, Panjab command Sur- :

" A
young officer of great ability," went
geon-General. to Bengal from Madras as an Ensign,
volunteering, with Col. Caillaud, Nov. STANLEY, SIR JOHN (1846- )
1759 : commanded
a detachment at
Born Nov. 22, 1846 son of John
Monghyr, Dec. 1760 was reinforced : :
:
Stanley educated at Armagh and Trinity

:
attacked and defeated the Raja of Kurrak-
College,Dublin called to the Irish bar,
:
pur :his action and conduct highly
1872 Q.C., 1892
:
Judge of Calcutta
approved by the Council (in India) and :
High Court, 1 898-1901 Chief Justice of :

Court of Directors supported by Col. :
High Court, of the United Provinces, since
Caillaud commanded a battalion at
:
the battle of Baxar, Oct. 23, 1764

1901 : LL.B : K.B., 1901.
:
retired, 1769 Member of the Supreme

:
STANNUS, SIR EPHRAIM GERRISH
Council, Nov. 1782, to Jan. 1787: where
(1784-1860)
he was opposed to W. Hastings.
Son of Ephraim Stannus born 1784 : :
went to India in the Bombay Army, 1799-

STACK, SIR MAURICE (1796-1880)
1800 : in Kattiawar, 1807 : in the Pindari-
Son of Rev. John Stack born 1796 : :
Mahratta war, 1817-8 : at the capture of
entered the Army, 1815 served with :
Bhuj, in Cutch, 1819 at Dwarka, 1820 : :
the ist European Fusiliers in Kattia- Major Private Secretary to Mount-

:
war and Cutch against marauders in

:
stuart Elphinstone, whilst Governor of
Gujarat in 1818 commanded a Brigade:
Bombay Lt-Colonel, 1822 C.B., 1823
: : :
in Sind, 1843, under Sir C. Napier at : the first British Resident in the Persian
the battle of Hyderabad C.B. 1843 : : Gulf, 1824-6 Lieutenant-Governor of
:
K.C.B., 1867 Lt-General, 1868

: : General, the East India College, Addiscombe,
1873 died July 20, 1880.
:
1834-50 knighted, 1837
: Maj-General : :
died Oct. 21, 1850.

[STANHOPE, HON. EDWARD
(1840-1893) STANSFELD, SIR JAMES (1820-1898)
Son Stanhope
of the fifth Earl born :
Born, 1820 son of James Stansfeld
: :
Sep. 24, 1840 educated at Brighton,

:
educated at University College, London :
Harrow, Christ Church, Oxford called to the bar from the Middle Temple
Fellow :
:
of All Souls' College called to the bar :

M.P. for Halifax, 1859-95 his only con- :
at the Inner Temple, 1865 M.P. for :

nexion with India was his brief tenure of
Mid-Lincolnshire and the Horncastle the office of Under Secretary of State for
Division, 1874-93 Parliamentary Secre-:
India in Lord John Russell's Government,
tary to the Board of Trade, 1857 was :
from Feb. 17 to July 6, 1866 was twice :
Under Secretary of State for India from President of the Local Government Board
April 6, 1878, to April 29, 1880, during and a prominent Liberal in politics: G.C.B.,
the important time of the Afghan war 1895 :died Feb. 17, 1898.
and part of Lord Lytton's Viceroyalty :
STAUNTON, FRANCIS FRENCH
and had to deal with great financial (1779 P-1825)
measures and political questions was :
subsequently Vice-President of the Com-

Born about 1779 joined the Cheshire :
Fencible Infantry, 1795, and the Bombay

mittee of Council of Education President :
N.I., Sep. 1798 in the Mysore war, at :

of the Board of Trade: Secretary of
Seringapatam, 1799 in Egypt, 1801 : :
State for the Colonies, and for War, 1887-
in the Mahratta war, 18 15-8 at Kirki :
92 : died Dec. 21, 1893.

commanded a small detachment which
defeated the Peshwa's army of 20,000 men
STANLEY, SIR EDMOND (1760-1843) at Korigaum, Jan. i, 1818 "one of the :
Son of James
Stanley Scholar of : most heroic actions which has ever been
Trinity College Dublin: called to the fought and gained by a handful of men over
Irish bar, 1782 K.C. in Ireland, 1789
: , : a large army " C.B. Lt-Colonel, 1823
: : :
M.P. in Ireland, 1790-1800 King's : died at sea, June 25, 1825.

Prime Serjeant, 1800 Recorder of Prince :
of Wales' Island, 1807 knighted: Puisne :

STAUNTON, SIR GEORGE LEONARD,
Judge of the Supreme Court, Madras,
BARONET (1737-1801)
1815 Chief Justice 1820 retired, 1825

: : : Born April i737
19, son of George :
died April 28, 1843. Staunton : educated in France M.D. at :

Montpellier, 1758 : went to the W. Indies, P.W.D., Central Provinces, 1900 : CLE.,
1762 : Attorney-General for Grenada, 1902.
made a fortune went to India in 1781, :
as Secretary to Lord Macartney, when STEDMAN, SIR EDWARD (1842- )
appointed Governor of Madras sent on :

Born July entered Royal
27, 1842 :
a Mission to Warren Hastings at Cal- Artillery, i860, and became Colonel, 1885 :
cutta, 1782 negotiated wtth Bussy and

:
served in Hazara campaign, 1868 :
Suffrein, 1783 arrested General James :

Afghan war, 1878-80 Inspr-General of :
Stuart 1783 negotiated a treaty with

:
Police, in Burma, 1887-91 Q.M.G., :
Tippoo, 1784 to England, 1784 pensioned

: :
India, 1892-5 Chitral Relief Force, 1895
: :
by the Court of Directors, and made a commanded ist Class District, India,
Baronet, 1785 F.R.S., 1787 D.C.L., Ox-: :
1895-9 : Military Secretary at the India
ford, 1790 Secretary to Lord Macartney's
:
Office since 1899 C.B., 1887 K.C.I.E.,
: :
Embassy to China, 1792, and wrote an 1897: K.C.B., 1902.

account of it, i797 died Jan. 14, 1801 •• :
buried in Westminster Abbey. STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847- )
Born April 2, 1847 daughter of George

STAVELEY, SIR CHARLES WILLIAM Webster
:
married a [Bengal civilian,

DUNBAR (1817-1896)
1867
:
lived in India till 1889

: author of :
Son of Lt-General William Staveley : many novels, dealing with India, From
born Dec. 18, 1817 educated at the : the Five Rivers, The Potter's Thumb, Tales
Scottish Military Academy, Edinburgh : from the Panjah, On the Face of the Waters,
entered the 87th regt., 1835 A.D.C. to : In the Permanent Way, etc., etc.
Governor of Mauritius, 1840-3, and in N.
America, 1846-7 served at Hong-Kong : :
STEEL, SIR SCUDAMORE WINDE
in the Crimea Lt-Colonel, 1854 C.B. : : :
(1789-1865)
served in Madras, 1857 in the Pekin :
Entered the Madras Army of the E. 1.
expedition, i860 commanded British :
Co., in1805 served in Berar, in the
:
Force in China, 1862 named C. G. Gordon, :

Pindari war, 1808-9 in the Mahratta :
R.E., to the Chinese to command their war, 18 1 7-8 in the Burmese war, 1826
: :
forces in the Taiping rebellion K.C.B., :

Secretary in the Mihtary Department at
1865 commanded a Division in Bombay
: :
Madras, 1832-45 in the taking of Coorg,
:
and the first Division in Abyssinia C. :

1834 Lt-Colonel
: C.B., 1838 Military
: :
in C, Bombay, Oct. 1874, to Oct. 1878 :

Auditor-General, 1845 commanded the :
General, 1877 G.C.B., 1884 died Nov.: :

Madras Division in the Burmese war,
23, 1896. 1852-3 K.C.B., 1853
: retired, 1856 : :
Lt-General, 1861 died March 11, 1865. :
STAVELEY, WILLIAM (1784-1854)

Born July 29, 1784: entered the Royal
STEEVENS, CHARLES (1705-1761)
Staff Corps, 1804 : served in the Peninsula, Lieutenant in the Navy, 1729 at the :
1809-14 : D.A.Q.M.G. at Waterloo : attack on Cartagena, 1741 took rein- :
C.B. : in the Mauritius, 1821-47 D.Q.M.G. : forcements to India in 1757 second in :
and Commandant of Port St. Louis, 1825 : command under Sir G. Pocock {q.v.), at
acted as Governor, 1842 Maj-General, : Madras, in naval actions, 1758-9 : Rear
1846 commanded at Hong-Kong and a
: : Admiral : as Naval C. in C. at Madras
Division of the Bombay Army C. in C, : co-operated with Coote in the captiure of
Madras, Oct. 1853, to April 4, 1854, when Pondicherry, 1760-1 died May 17, :
he died en route to the Nilgiris Colonel : 1761.

of the 94th regt.
[STEIN, MARK AUREL (1862- :
ST. CLAIR, HON. LOCKHART Born Nov. son of M. N.

26, 1862 :
MATTHEW (1865- )
Stein, merchant, of Zombor and Budapest,
Born July son of Baron 25, 1855 : Hungary educated at Budapest and
:
Sinclair educated at Wellington and

: Dresden studied, 1879-84, the classical
:
Cooper's Hill joined the Indian P.W.D.,

: languages and antiquities of India and
1876 :Engineer to the Nipal State, 1899 : Iran at the Universities of Vienna,
Superintending Engineer and Secretary, Leipzig and Tiibingen Phil.D. in 1883 : :
carried on, 1885-7, research work at Oxford cessible hill tract of Mahaban, across
and London bearing on old Persian the Peshawar border
philology and early Indian history among his pubU- :
went :
cations are Zoroastrian Deities on Indo-
:
to India for the same purpose appointed, :
Scythian Coins, 1887; Kalhana's Raja-
1888, both Principal of the Oriental College tarangini, a Chronicle of the Kings -0/
and Registrar of the Panjab University at Kashmir, Sanskrit text, 1892
Lahore, which he held up to 1899 utilized com- :
:
mentated translation with numerous
his -leisure for philolgical and antiquarian appendices, 1900 Catalogue of the San-
:
labours, chiefly concerning the ancient skrit MSS. in the Raghunatha
history and geography of Kashmir and Temple
Library, 1894; Memoir on the Ancient
the Indian N.W. Frontier he critically
:
Geography of Kashmir,
1899 ; Sand-
edited, 1892, Kalhana's Chronicle of Kash- buried ruins
Khotan, 1903 ofand :
mir, the only truly historical text of
numerous papers in the Journals of learned
Sanskrit literature :after protracted Societies.
archaeological researches in Kashmir,
published a full commentated translation, STEINGASS, FRANCIS JOSEPH
1900 in a separate publication he recon-
:
(1825-1903)
structed the historical geography of
Born at
Frankfort-on-Maine, March
Kashmir by repeated archaeological
:
16, 1825 educated at Munich
:
Ph.D. : :
tours along the Frontier he identified
to England about 1870 Professor of :
important old sites, especially in 1898 by
Modern Languages at Birmingham Pro- :
penetrating with General Blood's Field
fessor of the same, and Resident Lecturer
Force into Buner, a tribal territory pre-
on Arabic Languages, Literature, and Law
viously unsurveyed also
: catalogued at the Oriental Institute, Woking :
over 5,000 Sanskrit MSS. of the Raghunath
acquainted with 14 languages, especially
Temple Library, at Jammu, In 1899 he Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit published :
entered the Indian Educational service as
dictionaries, English -Arabic, Arabic-En-
Principal of the Calcutta Madrasa ghsh, Persian-English and other Arabic :
proceeded, 1 900-1, on a year's journey of
works assisted in Hughes' Dictionary
:
archaeological and geographical explora-

of Islam died Jan. 1903.
:
tion in Chinese Turkestan excavated a

:
series of ancient sites buried under the

STEINS, RIGHT REV. WALTER. D.D.
sands of the Taklamakan Desert, in the
(1810-1867)
region of Khotan : his discoveries, in-
cluding hundreds of documents and MSS. Vicar Apostolic of Bombay, May 3,
in Indian scripts, Chinese and Tibetan, 1861, to Jan II, 1867 born at Amster- :
amongst them the oldest extant written dam, July I, 1810 entered Society of :
specimens of these languages, have Jesus, Dec. 6, 1832 (Dutch Province) :
thrown new light on the Indian civilization arrived in India, Jan. 5, 1853 left Bombay :
which, together with Buddhism, flourished in 1867, when he became Vicar Aposotlic
in E. Turkestan from the commencement of Western Bengal died March 31, 1867. :
of our era. The International Orientalist

Congress of 1902 recognized the important STENZLER, ADOLF FRIEDRICH
archaeological results of his expedition
(1807-1887)
:
for his geographical explorations in the Born July 9, 1807, at Wolgast, in

Eastern Pamirs and the Kuen-luen Range Swedish Pomerania where, in his early :
he was awarded the Back Grant by the education, he showed his inclination for
R. Geographical Society employed as
: Oriental languages educated also at :
Inspector of Schools in the Panjab, 1901-2 : Friedland in Mecklenburg till 1826, and
deputed to England, 1902, to elaborate at Greifswald University, at Berlin and at
the scientific results of his journey the : Bonn, where he studied under Schlegel,
personal narrative of the latter appeared Freytag, and Lassen in Sanskrit at :
in 1903 returned to India, 1904, as

: Paris, 1829, studied under De Lacy and
Inspr-General of Education and Archaeo- Burnouf left Paris, in the disturbances
:
logical Surveyor of the N.W. Frontier of 1830, for London associated with :
Provinces and Baluchistan towards : Orientalists translated Kalidas's Raghu-

:
the end of 1904 explored the histori- vansa : Professor of Oriental Languages
cally important and previously inac- at Breslau, 1832-3, and first Professor of
Sanskrit Gustos of the Library
: edited : won his chief renown in the Mahratta war
Kalidas's Kumarasamhhava, 1838 ordin- : of 1803 took the city of Burhanpur, Oct.
:
ary Professor, 1847 wrote on the principles : 16, and Asirghar, Oct, 21, 1803 present :
of Sanskrit lexicography edited the : at Argaum praised by Wellesley for his

:
Mrcchakatika, and Yajnavalkya's Laws, services at the siege of Gawilghar obliged :
1849 : wrote on Gautama, and on Indian by illness give up to his command

medicine, customs and folklore also on : returned home, 1804.
Manu, and a commentary on the Grhya-
sutra, on the Paraskara, Gobhila and STEVENS, SIR CHARLES CECIL
Sankhayana published an elementary
: (1840- )
work on Sanskrit edited Kalidas's :

I.C.S. born July 5, 1840
: son of :
Meghaduta, 1874 was one of the foremost :

C. G. Stevens of Melbourne educated :
Sanskritists of the day, an enthusiastic, at Edgbaston and Melbourne University :
thorough, and kindly scholar left much :

entered the Indian Civil Service, 1862 :
material unpublished died Feb. 27, 1887. :

Commissioner of Chota Nagpur, Bhagalpur
and Patna Divisions successively Officiat-
STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, :
BARONET (1829-1894)
ing Chief Secretary, Bengal, 1890 Mem- :
ber of the Board of Revenue, Bengal,

Born March 1829 son of Sir James
3, :
1 89 1-8 Additional Member of Governor-
:
Stephen educated at Brighton, Eton,

:
General's Legislative Council, 1893 :
King's College, London; Trinity College, Officiating Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,

Cambridge called to the bar at the Inner
:
1897 : retired, 1898 C.S.I., 1895 : :
Temple wrote for the Saturday Review

: :
K.C.S.I., 1899.
Secretary to the Education Commission,
1858-61 Recorder of Newark, 1859-69
: :
STEVENS, HENRY BORLASE
wrote for Eraser, the Cornhill Magazine, (1824-1904)
the Pall Mall Gazette Q.C., 1868 Legal : :
Member of the Supreme Council, Dec. General son of John Borlase Stevens
: :
left his mark

born Dec. 1824 educated at Addis-
3, :
14, 1869, to April 12, 1872 :
on Indian legislation passed the Evidence :

combe entered the Army, 1841 in the
: :
Satlaj campaign, 1845-6 at Firozshahr

Act, a revised Code of Criminal Procedure,
:
and continued the work of codification :

and Sobraon commanded the Sylhet :
wrote Liberty, Equality, Eraternity applied :

Light Infantry at Hailakandi in Cachar,
himself to attempts at codification in Jan. 1858: destroyed the mutineers in :
England was a Judge of the High Court,

:
Bhutan, 1864-6 at the taking of stock- :
1879-91 wrote letters to the Times in

:
ades in the Durrunga Pass, at the retaking
defence of Lord Lytton's policy as Viceroy :
of Dewangiri commanded at Delhi in :
Member and Chairman of various legal 1875 : General died Sep. 5, 1904. :
Commissions K.C.S.I., 1877 D.C.L.,

STEVENS, SIR JOHN FOSTER
: :
Oxford, 1878 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1884

: :
Hon. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge:

Baronet, 1891 wrote A History of the
:
I.C.S. educated at Birmingham Gram-
:
Criminal Law of England, 1883 The ;

mar School, at Versailles and at King's
Story of Nuncomar, and Sir Elijah Impey, College, London went out to Bengal, :
1885 ; Horoe Sahhaticoe, 1892 died : 1864: District Judge: Judicial Com-
March 11, 1894 his life was written by:
missioner of the Central Provinces, 1891-3
his brother. Sir Leslie Stephen. and 1894 : Puisne Judge of the High
Court, Calcutta, 1897-1904, when he
STEPHENSON, J. D. ( ? - ?) retired : knighted 1905.
Officer in the Madras Cavalry : saw
active service as Captain of one of the
STEVENSON, REV. JOHN, D.D.
(1798-1858)
Nawab's regiments under Maj -General
Stuart, during the war with Hyder Ali Born Nov. 3, 1798, son of William
(1780-4) his regiment transferred to
:
Sevenson, of Alton Campsie, Stirling-
the E. I. Co. in 1784 fought in the wars : shire :educated at Glasgow and Edin-
against Tippoo, 1790 and 1799 served : burgh Universities M.A. Glasgow or- : :
under Cornwallis and Wellesley became : dained Aug. 1823 sent out by the Scottish :
Colonel commanded in Malabar, 1800

: : Missionary Society, 1823, to their Bombay
Mission, which was the first Scottish Mis- second in command of Col. Symes' Embassy
sion established in India, 1822 Missionary : to Amarapura, 1802-3 Assistant Pro- =
at Hurnee and Poona until appointed, fessor of Persian at Fort William College,
1834, a Chaplain of the E.I.C. in Bombay : Calcutta, 1800-6 Professor of Arabic, :
Senior Chaplain 1841, and Minister of St. Persian and Hindustani at Haileybury,
Andrew's resigned 1854 Parish Minister
: : 1807-27 died April 19, 1837
: published :
of Ladykirk, Berwickshire, 1855-8 a : an introduction to the Anwar-i-Suhaili :
zealous Missionary and distinguished San- made a catalogue of Tippoo's Library,

skrit scholar, one of the pioneer editors with memoirs of Hyder andTippoo wrote :
and translators of Vedic literature a : The History of Bengal fromthe First Muham-
founder of the Bombay Gazette and joint madan Invasion until 1757, 18 13 Original ;
editor for its first 3 years intimately ac- : Persian Letters, etc. with Translations,
quainted with native thought and native 1825, and other works on Oriental subjects.
dialects was President of R.A.S., Bom-
:
bay, and of the Government Committee STEWART, CHARLES EDWARD

for examination of officers in native lan- (1836-1904)
guages Hony. D.D. of St. Andrew's Uni-
: Son Algernon Stewart, grandson of
of
versity a " Stevenson scholarship
: the seventh Earl of Galloway educated :
founded by the General Assembly's Insti- at Marlborough entered the Indian :
tution on his departure he published the : Army, 1854 in the mutiny, in several
:
Sanhita of the Rig-veda, with translation, engagements in Oudh served in the nth :
1833 :Principles of Mahratii Grammar, Bengal Lancers and the 5 th Pan jab Infant-
1833 : Sanhita of the Sama-veda, 1842 : ry in the Umbeyla campaign, 1863 in the
: :
Sama-veda, edited from MSS., 1843 -.Kalpa Jowaki-Afridi expedition, 1877-8 Brevet- :
Sutra and Nava Tatva, illustrative of the Lt -Colonel Lt-Colonel, 1879 : Colonel, :
Jain religion and philosophy, 1848 wrote, ; 1883 in political employ in Persia, 1880-5,
:
for the R.A.S., Bombay, papers on the and Assistant Commissioner in the Perso-
Kanheri, Nasik and Sahyadri inscriptions Afghan boundary demarcation, 1885
of the Bombay Presidency, which he was CLE. and C.M.G., 1884: C.B., 1886
most successful in deciphering, and on the Consul at Resht, and at Tabriz, 1889-92
comparative vocabulary of the non-San- and Consul-General at Odessa, 1892-9
skrit vocables of the Indian vernacular died Dec. 1904.
languages his Mahratti grammar was long
:
a standard work he died Aug. 11, 1858.

:
STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN,
BARONET (1824-1900)
STEVENSON, ROBERT CHARLES Field Marshal
son of Robert Stewart : :
(1851-1906) born March i, 1824 educated at King's :
Of the Burmese Commission, 18 70- 1902 College, Aberdeen gazetted Ensign, :
rose from being a police officer to be a Bengal Army, Oct. 12, 1840 Adjutant :
Deputy-Commissioner in Burma in 1885, : of the 9th Bengal N.L, 1845 Interpreter :
was Chief Interpreter to Sir H. Prendergast, and Quartermaster, 1852. In 1854-5 he

V.C, commanding the Forces operating was actively employed on the Peshawar
against Upper Burma up to his retire- : frontier against the hill tribes : served
ment, the only officer who had gained the throughout the mutiny, rode with
Degree of Honour for knowledge of despatches from Agra to Delhi through
Burmese : and
prepared in 9 years the enemy's lines was Deputy Assistant :
published the present standard Burmese- Adjt-General of the Delhi Field Force
English dictionary his linguistic attain-: during the siege at the relief of Lucknow,
:
ments, and knowledge of Burma and its and engaged in the operations in Rohil-
people, were of special value during the kund joined the Staff Corps and served
:
military operations of 1886-7 died at : in the Adjt-General's Department till
Oxford, May 8, 1905. 1867 commanded a Brigade in the

:
Abyssinian expedition, 1867-8, was made

STEWART, CHARLES (1764-1837)
C.B. and commanded the Peshawar
:
Born 1764 : son of Captain Poyntz Districtin July, 1869. He was Chief
Stewart joined the E. I. Co's Army in
: Commissioner of the Andaman Islands,
Bengal, 1782 retired as Major, 1808
: : 1871-75, when the Earl of Mayo was
saw service in Upper India and Rohilkund : assassinated there on Feb. 8, 1872. He
next commanded the Lahore Division under Hyder Ali, from Interpreter to
in the Afghan war led the Southern Army General was wounded, and escaped
:
to Kandahar was made K.C.B. and,

: : became Prime Minister to the Nawab of
after fighting the actions of Ahmad- Arcot left him and took to travelling
:
Kheyl and Urzoo, assumed.on May 5, 1880, on foot in Persia, Ethiopia, Abyssinia,
the supreme military and political com- across Arabia, through France and Spain,
mand at Kabul. It was under his orders to England, from Calais to Vienna, 1784 :
that Lord Roberts made his famous march visited N. America friend of De Quincey : :
from Kabul to Kandahar in Aug. 1880: obtained £10,000 from the E. I. Co. for his
Stewart and the rest of the troops returned claims against the Nawab of Arcot, 1813 :
to India vid the Khyber made G.C.B. : died Feb. 20, 1822 a doctrinaire wrote : :
and Baronet. He was Military Member curious works, such as Travels to Discover
of the Supreme Council, 1 880-1, and the Source of Moral Motion Opus Maxi- :
Commander-in-Chief in India from 188 1 to mum, etc, called " Walking Stewart."
:
1885 on his return to England, Stewart

:
was appointed to the Council of India, STEWART, JOHN (1833- )
and in March, 1895, made Governor of the Born March 24, 1833 son of Major :
Royal Hospital, Chelsea. He died at W. M. Stewart educated at St. Andrew's :
Algiers on March 26, 1900. He was also and Addiscombe entered the Bengal :
G.C.S.I., 1885: CLE., 1881: D.C.L. of Artillery, 1851, and Ordnance Department,
Oxford, 1889: LL.D. of Aberdeen. Memori- Bengal, 1857 served in the Indian mutiny,:
als were erected to him at the Royal 1857-8 established the Government
:
Hospital, and at King's College, Aberdeen harness and saddlery factory at Cawnpur,
University, The inscription on the latter and had charge of 'it till 1888: CLE.,
runs as follows " Strong, brave, genial,
:
— 1887 : retired, 1888, as Colonel.
eminently wise and just, forgetful of self
and modest, Donald Stewart did with his STEWART, PATRICK (1832-1865)
might whatever his hand found to do." Son of James Stewart
born Jan. 28, :
1832 educated at Sunderland, Sydenham,

STEWART, GEORGE
:
(1839- )
Addiscombe joined the Bengal Engineers,
:
Born July 20, 1839 son of Major W. :

1850 : went to Calcutta, 1852 employed :
Murray Stewart educated at St. Andrew's :

on telegraph construction and twice
and London entered the Bengal Army,
:
officiated as head of the Telegraph Depart-
1856, and became Maj-General, 1887 :
ment in the mutiny fortified Raj Ghat
:
retired served in Indian mutiny, 1857-9

: :
at Benares at Sir Colin Campbell's
:
relief of Cawnpur and Lucknow China :

relief of Lucknow, Nov. 1857 and at its :
war, i860 : campaign and Umbeyla capture, 1858 as Deputy Superintendent :
Jowaki expedition, 1878 Afghan war, :

of Telegraphs did excellent service in active
1878-80 Ali-Masjid, Kabul and Sherpur
: :
warfare Brevet-Major
: served on a :
C.B., 1887. Cholera Commission, 1861-2 on telegraph :
service in PersiaDirector-General of the :
STEWART, JAMES CALDER (1840- )

Government Indo-European Telegraph,
Born June 20, 1840 son of Dr. Duncan : 1863: C.B., 1864 died at Constantinople, :
Stewart educated at Clapham Grammar

: Jan. 16, 1865: Lt-Colonel.
School entered the Bengal Army, 1857,
:
STEWART, SIR RICHARD CAMPBELL
and became Colonel, 1887, and Maj- (1836-1904)
General, 1895 served in the Indian:
mutiny, 1857-9 in the relief of Lucknow: Born 1836 son of Lt-General Thomas :
and Oudh Jowaki campaign, 1878

: : Stewart joined the Madras Cavalry,
:
Afghan war, 1878-80 at Kabul, Charasia, : 1853 in the mutiny served with the
:
and Sherpur C.B., 1891. : Mysore Siladar Horse at the attack on :
Shorapur, Feb. 1858 dangerously :
STEWART, JOHN (1749-1822)

wounded with the Hyderabad Contingent
:
Born 1749 ^ Scotchman '• : at school at under Brig-General Hill, in the Tapti
Harrow and Charterhouse : went out to Valley, in Berar, and the Dekkan, Nov.
Madras as a writer, 1763 : resigned his 1858, to March, 1859 Military Secretary :
appointment, in a letter of " juvenile to Governor of Madras Major, 1871 : :
insolence and audacity," 1765 served

: Q.M.G., Madras 188 1-3 in the Burmese :
I
expedition, 1886-7, commanded a Brigade ST. JOHN, SIR OLIVER BEAU-

sent to the Ruby Mines C.B. Brig- : :
CHAMP COVENTRY (1837-1891)
Generalof the Hyderabad Contingent: com-
Son of Capt. Oliver St. John born
manded in Burma, 1890-5 in operations :
:
March 21, 1837 educated at Norwich :

in the Chin-Lushai hills, 1892-3 K.C.B. : :
and Addiscombe went to India in the :
Lt-General, 1895 General, 1900 died : :

Bengal Engineers in 1859 in the P.W.D. :
Dec. 14, 1904.
in the N.W.P. employed under Patrick :
STIBBERT, GILES ? - ?
Stewart {q.v.) in constructing the tele-
( )
graph line through Persia, 1863-7 in :
Raised a battalion of N.I. at Bankipur, the Abyssinian expedition, 1867-8, as

1761 at the siege of Patna, 1763, and
:
Director of the Field Telegraph and Army
battle of Baxar, Oct. 23, 1764 captured :
Signalling Brevet-Major : returned to :
Chunar, 1765 officiating C. in C. of the

:
Persia Boundary Commissioner of the
:
Bengal Army in 1777 and 1783 framed :

Persian- Kelat frontier, 1871 and wrote :
the reform of that Army, 1780 Maj- an account of it Principal of the Mayo
:
:
General, 1783 Lt-General, 1796 died

: :
College, Ajmir, 1875-8 Chief Political :
after several years' residence in England. Officer with Sir D. Stewart's Kandahar
STIFFE, ARTHUR WILLIAM Field Force, 1878 C.S.I., 1879 Political : :
(1831- )
Agent for S. Afghanistan, 1880 in the :
pursuit to the Helmund of the troops

Born Aug. 1831 son of William
12, :
of the Wall of Kandahar, and at the battle
Stifie educated at Stuttgart Polytechnic
: :
of Maiwand, July 27, 1880, against Ayub
served in the Indian Navy from 1849 to Khan at the battle of Kandahar, Sep. i,
:
1862 was present at capture of Bushire

:
1880 officiated as A.G.G. for Beluchistan,
:
and Muhamra in Persian war, 1857 :
1882, 1886, 1891 K.C.S.I., 1882 in : :
employed in hydrographic surveys :
Kashmir, 1883-4 acting Resident at '•
Engineer in Chief and Electrician for the

Hyderabad, 1884 acting Resident at :
Indian Government Telegraph in Persian

Baroda, 1887 Chief Commissioner of :
Gulf, 1864-79 Port Officer and Master :

Mysore, 1889-1891 died at Quetta, June :
Attendant, Calcutta retired, 1888 : :
3, 1891 contributed to scientific Journals

:
author of Charts and Sailing Directions

on geography and natural history Lt- :
for Persian Gulf and Makran Coast, and of

Colonel.
papers in scientific Journals F.R.A.S. : :
F.R.G.S. F.G.S. :
STISTED, SIR HENRY WILLIAM

(1817-1875)
STIRLING, ANDREW (1793 ?-1830)
Son of Lt-Colonel Charles Stisted born
son of Admi-
:
I.C.S. : born about 1793 :
1817 joined
educated at Sandhurst :
ral Stirling : educated at Haileybury, :
Persian the 2nd regt., 1835 served in Afghanistan, :

1811-12 to India in 1813
: :
at Ghazni, the capture of Kelat, the occu-

Secretary to Government and Deputy
pation of Kabul was in the Persian war
Secretary in the Political Department
:
:
of 1856-7, at Khushab and Muhamra :
Private Secretary to W, B. Bayley (q.v.)

in command of Havelock's advance guard
while Acting as Governor-General, 1828 :
at the relief of Lucknow, Sep. 25, 1857,

he was the author of a valuable work on
Orissa distinguished by great talents
:
commanded a Brigade after Neill's death :
with Outram at the Alambagh at the :
throughout his career died at Calcutta, :
capture of Lucknow in Rohilkund, at :
May 23, 1830.

Bareli C.B.
: served on the N.W. fron-
:
STIRLING, SIR WILLIAM (1835- ) tier, 1863 commanded a Division in

:
Canada, Lieutenant-Governor of
1867 :
Lt-General born Aug. 4, 1835 : son :
Ontario K.C.B., 1871

:
Lt-General, :
of Charles Stirling educated at Edin- :
1873 died Dec. 10, 1875.

burgh Academy and R.M.A., Woolwich
:
:
with the R.A. in the Crimea, the Mutiny,

in the Afghan
STOCQUELER, JOACHIM HAYWARD
and in China, i860 :
(1800-1886)
campaign, 1878-9 made C.B. 1880 and :
K.C.B., 1893 Lt-General Colonel Com-

: : Son Joachim Christian Stocqueler
of :
mandant R.A. Lieutenant of the Tower :

born 1800 was in Calcutta from 1821
:
London since 1900. for 20 years, as a journalist bought the :

of
John Bull and changed it into the En- India, 1877-82 drafted the greater :
glishman edited Bengal Monthly Sporting

: portion of the Codes of Civil and Criminal
Magazine, East Indian United Service Procedure, Transfer of Property, Trusts,
Journal, Indian Racing Calendar, Fif- Easements, Specific Relief, and Limita-
teen Months' Pilgrimage through Khuzistan tion Acts author of : The Anglo-Indian
and Persia, 1832 Memorials of Afghan- ; Codes, 1887-8, 1889 and 1891 has :
istan, 1843 lectured in England on: devoted himself to philological studies

Indian subjects established an East : and edited many Irish texts the greatest :
Indian Institute was a correspondent : living Celtic scholar, equally versed in

in the American war died, 1885 wrote : : the Irish, Breton and Cornish languages :
A Handbook of India, 1844 India, its ; C.S.I.,1877 CLE., 1879 ••
: Honorary
History, Character etc. etc. 1853 Memoirs, ; Doctor of Law, Edinburgh.
etc. of Maj-General Sir William Nott,
1854 and other works.
:
STOLICZKA, FERDINAND ? -1874)
(
STODDART, CHARLES (1806-1842) Had a reputation as a naturalist and

geologist in connexion with the Imperial
born July
I.S.C. : 23, 1806 son of Major :
Geological Survey of Austria before he

Stephen Stoddart : entered the Royal
joined the Geological Survey of India,
Staff Corps, 1823 '•
Captain 1834 Secre- :
1862 : Palaeontologist to the Indian

tary to the Royal United Service Institu-
Survey wrote on the Cretaceous Fauna
:
tion, 1833-5,and to the Institute of Civil
Engineers went to Persia as Military
:
of S. India was a laboratory-zoologist
: :
in 1869 commenced to study, systema-

Secretary to the British Envoy, 1835 :
with the Persian Force at the siege of tically, the anatomy, physiology and
Herat, 1837-8 through him the siege :
morphology of the mollusca and other
was raised sent to Bokhara
: Lt-Colonel :
invertebrata an accomplished natura-
:
list: accompanied, as the scientific mem-

to treat for relief of Russian captives
ber, Sir T. D. Forsyth's Mission to Kash-
there, and to make treaty with the Amir,
gar, 1873 wrote papers on the geology
:
1838 imprisoned
: released in 1839 : :
of the route to Kashgar died from :

again imprisoned, 1839-40 served the :
Amir, who desired to make alliance with exposure at Boolak-i-Moor.ghai, 12 marches

England from Leh, June 9, 1874.
Stoddart and Arthur Conolly
:
imprisoned in Dec. 1841, by Amir's order :
both publicly beheaded on June 17, STONE, VEN. ARTHURE EDWARD

1842 no evidence of their having become
:
( ? - )
Muhammadans.
Educated at St. Peter's, York, and
Trinity College, Dublin Chaplain on
STOKES, SIR HENRY EDWARD :
(1841- the Bengal establishment, 1877-1902 :

)
served with Upper Burma Field Force,
I.C.S. : born July 23, 1841 : son of Henry 1886-8 Archdeacon of Calcutta, 1898-
:
Stokes, County Surveyor of Kerry :

1902 Fellow of Calcutta University
: :
educated at Trinity College, Dublin :

Rector of Islip, Oxford, since 1902.
entered Madras Civil Service, 1858 :
Chief Secretary to Government, Madras,

1883-8 Member of Council, Madras.
:
STRACHEY, SIR ARTHUR
1888-93 : K.C.S.I., 1892. (1858-1901)
Born Dec. 1858 son of Sir John 5, :
STOKES, WHITLEY (1830- )

Strachey {q.v.) educated at Charter- :
Son William Stokes of Dublin

of Dr. : house and Trinity Hall, Cambridge
educated at Dublin and Edinburgh LL.D called to the bar from the Inner
:
Universities called to the bar at the: Temple, 1883 practised in the Allahabad :
Inner Temple, 1855 went to India, : High Court in 1892, Public Prosecutor
:
1862 Acting Administrator General,

: and Standing Counsel to Government,
1863-4 Secretary to Legislative Council
'
N.W.P. Puisne Judge, Bombay High
:
of Governor-General, and later to Legisla- Court, 1895 Chief Justice of the High
:
tive Department of the Government, 1865- Court, Allahabad, 1899 knighted died : :
77 Legal Member of the Supreme Council,

: at Simla, May 14, 1901.
STRACHEY, SIR HENRY, BARONET STRACHEY, SIR RICHARD
(1736-1810) (1817- )
Son Henry Strachey

of born May :
Son of E. Strachey, of the Bengal Civil
-3» 1736 was Private and Political
:
Service born July 24, 1817
:
educated :
Secretary to Lord Clive in India, 1764 :

privately and at Addiscombe entered :
M.P. for several places between 1768 and the Bombay Engineers in 1836 was :
1807 : Secretary to the Commissioners transferred to Bengal and employed in

for restoring peace to North America, the Irrigation Department was in the :
1776 : introduced indigo into America :

battles of Badiwal, Aliwal, and Sobraon
Storekeeper of the Ordnance, 1780-2, in 1845-6, Brevet-Major in 1857 was :
and again in 1783 Joint Secretary of the

:
Under Secretary, P.W.D. in the mutiny :
Treasury and Joint Under Secretary was Secretary to Sir J. P.Grant {q.v.),m.
for the Home Department, 1782 assisted :
the temporary Lieutenant-Governorship of
" the Central Provinces" Consulting Engi-
the King's Commissioners in negotiating :
the peace with North America in Paris, neer,Railway Department, 1858 Secre- :
tary P.W.D. 1862 Inspr-General of

1782. John Adams, one of the American , :
Peace Commissioners, writing from Paris, Irrigation, 1866 in the Governor-General's

:
described Henry Strachey thus " Stra- :

Legislative Council, 1869 originated :
chey is as artful and insinuating a man the schemes for decentralizing the finances,
as they could send he pushes and :
and Railway and Irriga-
for carrying out
presses every point as far as it can possibly tion works on borrowed capital in 1871, :
go he has a most eager, earnest, pointed Inspr-General of railway material and

;
stores, India Office in 1875, Lieutenant-

spirit." Master of the King's house- :
hold, 1794 Baronet, 1801

: F.S.A. : :
General and Member of the Council of
died Jan. i, 1810. India : in 1878-9, presided over the

Indian Famine Commission acted as :
Finance Member, and as Military Member

of the Supreme Council, 1878-9 again :
STRACHEY, SIR JOHN (1823- )

Member of the Council of India, 1879-89 :
became Chairman the East Indian of

I.C.S. son of Edward Strachey, B.C.S.
: :
Railway Co., 1889 in 1892 he repre- :
born June 5, 1823, educated at H alley

sented the Indian Government at the
bury went out to India in 1842 served
: :
Brussels Monetary Conference and, later,
in the N.W.P. in important appointments :
was a Member of Lord Herschell's Cur-

presided over a Commission to inquire
rency Committee: F.R.S., 1854: Royal
into the cholera epidemic of 1861 was :
Medallist of the Royal Society, 1897
Judicial Commissioner in the Central
Chairman of the Meteorological Council
Provinces in 1862 President of the:
President of the Royal Geographical
Sanitary Commission, 1864 Officiating
Society, 1887-9 LL.D. Cambridge, 1892
:
= :
Chief Commissioner of Oudh, 1866-7 :

wrote
C.S.I, in 1861 G.C.S.I., 1897 : :
Member of the Governor-General's Su- Lectures on Geography, and, with his

preme Council from March, 1868, to Nov. brother. Sir John Strachey {q.v.). The
1872 : during which time he acted as Finances and Public Works of India, 1869-
Viceroy and Governor-General from
81, 1882.
Feb. 9, 1872, on the death of the Earl
of Mayo, to Lord Napier of Merchistoun's
arrival on Feb. 23 Lieutenant-Governor
:
STRAIGHT, SIR DOUGLAS
(1844- )
of the N.W.P. from April, 1874, to Dec.
1876 : Financial Member of the Supreme Born Oct. 1844
22, son of Robert :
Council from Dec. 1876, to Dec. 1880, Marshall Straight educated at East
:
when he left India Member of the Council

: Sheen and Harrow engaged in journal- :
of India from 1885-95 he published : ism till 1865 called to the bar, 1865.
:
Hastings and the Rohilla War, 1892 : and had a large practice in criminal
and India, its Administration and Pro- cases :M.P. for Shrewsbury, 1870-4 =
gress, 1903 and, with Lt-General Sir R.

: Puisne Judge of the Allahabad High
Strachey (Q'V.), The Finance and Public Court, 1879-92 retired, 1892
: : Editor of
Works of India, 1869-81, in 1882 K.C.S.I. : the Pall Mall Gazette since 1896 : Knighted,
1873 G.C.S.I., 1878.
: 1892 LL.D.
:
STRANGE, ALEXANDER (1818-1876) STRATHNAIRN, HUGH HENRY
Son of Sir Thomas Andrew Lumsden ROSE, BARON (1801-1885)
Strange : born April
educated 27, 1818 : Field-Marshal : son of Sir George
at Harrow joined the 7th Madras Cavabry
: Henry Rose 1801 edu- : born April 6, :
in 1834 was an assistant in the Great

: cated at Berlin joined the 19th foot in :
Trigonometrical Survey of India in 1847, 1820 Lt-Colonel,

: 1839 employed, :
and did much valuable triangulation 1840, on special duty in Syria on the side
work until 1859, when, as Major, he left of the Turks against the Egyptians and :
the survey retired in 1861 as Lt-Colonel

: succeeded to the command Consul- :
was a distinguished man of science General for Syria, 1841-8 C.B., 1842 : :
made Inspector, in 1862, of scientific Secretary to the Embassy at Constanti-

instruments for use in India and himself : nople, 185 1 Charge d' Affaires, 1852 : :
designed standard instruments F.R.G.S.: : in the Crimean war was Queen's Com-
F.R.A.S. F.R.S. he had great natural
: : missioner at the headquarters of the
ability for mechanical science and inven- French Army Brig-General in the : :
tion : he initiated, in 1868, the movement Crimean battles K.C.B.: recommended for :
for the appointment of a Royal Commission the V.C. General of the Poona Division,
:
on Scientific Instruction and the Advance- 1857 commanded the Central India
:
ment of Science, by which many of his Field Force took Ratghar, and Garha- :
proposals were favourably received he : kota : took Maltun and

relieved Sagar :
died March 9, 1876. Madanpur Tantia Topi on : defeated

April 1, 1858, and took Jhansi on the 3rd :
again defeated Tantia Topi at Kunch

STRANGE, SIR THOMAS ANDREW and occupied Kalpi again defeated :
LUMISDEN (1756-1841) him and the Rani of Jhansi at Morar,

Son Robert Strange, the eminent
of Sir and recovered Gwalior for Sindia, June,
engraver born Aug. 30, 1756
: educated : 1857 resumed the Poona command
: :
at Westminster and Christ Church, G.C.B. Lt-General :C. in C, Bombay, :
Oxford called to the bar from Lincoln's

: i860 and C. in C. in India, 1860-5
:
'
Inn, 1785 : Chief Justice of Nova Scotia, General amalgamated the Armies of
:
1789 Recorder of Madras, 1798

: and : the Queen and the E. I. Co. K.C.S.I., :
President of the Court of Mayor and 1861 G.C.S.L, 1866

: D.C.L. Oxford : :
Aldermen knighted Chief Justice of

: : C. in C. in Ireland, 1865-70 made Baron :
the Supreme Court, Madras, 1800 :

Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi,
Commanded a battalion of volunteers 1866 General,
: 1867 LL.D. of :
his judicial action effected the collapse Dublin Field-Marshal, 1877

: died Oct. :
of the mutiny of Company's officers, 16, 1885 his equestrian statue was
:
1809 = returned to England, 1817 : erected in London, 1895.

D.C.L. Oxford, 1818 published Elements :
of Hindu Law, 1825 and Reports of :

STRATTON, GEORGE ( ? - ?)
Cases adjudged in the Madras Supreme Writer Fort St. George, 175 1 at :
Court died July 16, 1841.

: Factor, 1756 Junior Merchant, 1759 : :
Senior Merchant, 1762, and Fecond in

Council at Vizagapatam Eleventh in :
STRANGE, THOMAS LUMISDEN Council at Fort St. George, 1764 rose :
(1808-1884) to be Second in Council, 1775 Governor •
of Madras, Aug. 1776, after he and other

I.C.S. : born
son of Jan. 4, 1808 :
members of the Madras Council had
Sir T. A. L. Strange (q.v.) educated at :
arrested the Governor, Lord Pigot, Aug.
Westminster and Haileybury, 1824-6 :
24, 1776 himself suspended from the
:
joined the Madras Civil Service, 1826 :
service, Aug. 1777 tried in the King's :
was a Commissioner to inquire into the
Bench in Dec. 1779 for arresting Lord
Moplah disturbances in Malabar, 1852 :
Pigot, and fined £1,000.
Judge of the Sadr Court, and of the High
Court, Madras, 1862 wrote a Manual of : STRATTON, JOHN PROUDFOOT
Hindu Law, 1856 retired, 1863 died : : (1830-1895)
Sep. 4, 1884 wrote largely on religious
:
Son of David Stratton born July 2, :
subjects. 1830 : passed the Royal College of Sur-

geons, Edinburgh, and M.D. of Aberdeen, STUART, SIR ROBERT (1816-1896)
1852 entered the Indian Medical Service
:
in Bombay, 1852 Son Robert Stuart of

educated at
acted as Resident :
:
of Baroda, 1858 the University of Edinburgh Member

was Political Agent :
:
in Bundelkund of the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh

Resident in Mewar : :
:
in the W. states of Rajputana called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn,

and Jai- :
pur retired,
1856 Q.C., 1868 Treasurer, 1889
: :
: 1885, as Brigade Surgeon :
:
Chief Justice of the High Court, N.W.P.,

•died Aug. 8, 1895.
1871-84 knighted died Aug. 26, 1896.
: :
STUART, SIR CHARLES SHEPHERD

(1804-1879) STURT, ROBERT RAMSAY NAPIER
Son of William Stuart (1852- )
: entered the
E. I. Co.'s military service in Bombay, Son of Colonel William M. N. Sturt :
1820 Colonel in 1854

:
Commander of : educated at Repton entered the Army, :
the Malwa Field Force, 1857, and a Bri- 1872, and Indian Staff Corps, 1875 :
gade in the Central India Field Force under served in the Afghan war, 1878-9 Mah- :
Sir H. Rose took Chandairi, March 17, : sud-Waziri expedition, 188 1 Zhob Valley :
1858 defeated Tantia Topi before Jhansi,

: expedition, 1890 Miranzai expedition, :
April I, 1858 showed great bravery : 1 89 1 Waziristan : expedition, 1894 :
at Kalpi, May 22, 1858 at the capture :

N.W. Frontier, Tirah expedition, 1897-8 :
of Gwalior, June 19, 1858 Extra K.C.B., :

C.B. 1902.
1859 commanded a Brigade at Bombay
: :
G.C.B., 1875 General 1877 died April : :

SUFFREIN SAINT TROPEZ, PIERRE
2, 1879, ANDRE DE (1726-1788)
French Admiral born July 13, 1726,
STUART, JAMES ( ? - 1793)
:
in Provence, of a noble family third son :
Brother of Andrew Stuart Captain : of the Marquis Suffrein St. Tropez went :
in 1755 served in Nova Scotia, the W.

:
to sea, served at Martinique 1743 :
Indies, etc. entered the E. I. Co.'s military

:
taken prisoner in 1748 to England served :
service in Madras, 1775 : C. in C, as Brig- in the Mediterranean again captured off ;
General there arrested the Governor :

Lagos Captain of a frigate, 1767
: of a :
of Madras, 1776 himself suspended ac- : : ship in 1772 on the American station, :
quitted by court-martial, 1 780 command- :

1778 was selected by the French Govern-
:
ed at Madras, 1781 served under Coote :

ment in 1 78 1 to command a squadron to
iq.v.) at Porto Novo lost a leg at Poli- : the E. Indies engaged the English in the :
lore, Aug. 1781 Maj-General at siege : : Bay of Praya went, via the Cape, to the :
of Cuddalore, was suspended by Madras Isle of France, joining the fleet of Count
Government and sent to England fought : d'Orves, whom he succeeded in the com-
a duel with Lord Macartney, 1786 : mand failed in surprising Madras, sailed
:
died Feb. 2, 1793. to Pondicherry and Porto Novo in 1782 :
fought an indecisive action with Hughes

STUART, JAMES (1741-1815)
iq.v.) off Sadras treated with Hyder :
Son of John Stuart

born March 2, : Ali ;reduced Cuddalore fought the :
1741 : educated at Culross, Dumfermline, English again off Providien and Nega-
Edinburgh : entered the Army : in patam, and took Trincomalee Aug. 3I'
American War of Independence : to 1782 his four actions with Hughes all
:
India as Brevet-Lt-Colonel, 78th regt. in indecisive he went to Sumatra and :
1781 : Lt-Colonel under Coote against : returned to Cuddalore the Peace of :
Hyder at Cuddalore,
: 1788 under : Versailles, 1783, closed the war: Suffrein
Medows, 1790; and Cornwallis, 179 1-2, went home to Toulon, 1784; received
against Tippoo Maj-General com- : : by the States of Provence with great
manded the expedition against the Dutch honour a medal struck with the inscrip-
:
in Ceylon, 1795 commanded the Forces : tion " The Cape protected Trincomalee
: :
at Madras, 1796: and the Bombay Force taken, Cuddalore delivered India de- :
at Seringapatam, 1799 C. in C, Madras, : fended six glorious combats

: 1784 " : =

: in the Mahratta : was made Chevalier, Vice-Admiral and
war, 1803 retired, 1805 General, 1812
: : :
" Bailli " selected again in 1787 for the
:
died April 29, 1815. naval command against the English, but
he was killed in a duel in which, in spite he was captured, and put to death at
of his obesity and age, he engaged Dec. 8, Murshidabad by order of Miran, son of
1788. Mir Jafar (q.v.), on July 4, 1757.
SULLIVAN, JOHN ( ? - ? ) SURA J MAL, JAT ( ? -1763)

In the E. I. Co.'s Service in Madras :
Also called Sujan Singh son of Badan :
in 1785 represented the Madras Govern-

Singh Jat (died 1755), founder and Raja
ment at the Court of the Raja of Tanjore :
of Bhartpur. Badan Singh, having be-
he originated the scheme for the founding come blind, lived in retirement at Deeg,
of English schools for natives, that is,
and Suraj Mai governed. He took part
for their instruction in the English lan-
in Wazir Safdar Jang's campaign against
guage, with a view to the breaking down Farrukhabad in 1750, sided with the
of prejudice against British rule his :
Mahrattas in their subsequent encroach-
scheme received the support of the Com- ments, 1750-60, and lost his life in a
pany, and several such schools were skirmish near Ghaziuddinnagar, near
founded. Delhi, Dec. 30, 1763 he took possession
:
of Agra Fort, June, 1761, and the Jats

SUNKERSETT, JAGANNATH held it for nearly 20 years succeeded :
(1802-1865) by his son, Jawahir Singh. Suraj Mai

Head of the Indian community at is the hero of a Hindi poem by Sudan,
Bombay many
years
for Member of the : in 7 cantos, entitled Sujan Charitr, 1850,
Legislative Council, Bombay took active : and 1902.
interest in municipal affairs President :
of the Bombay Association, of the Agri- SUTHERLAND, JAMES (1794- ? )
Horticultural Society, and of the Board Went to sea at 14 for 7 years in 1816 :
of Trustees of the Elphinstone funds : to India, to Madras, Calcutta entered :
original member of the Board of Educa- the Indian Marine service at Bombay
tion : a founder of the Elphinstone Col- and Calcutta commanded several ves-
:
lege : promoted education generally : sels: joined J. S. Buckingham (,q.v.) in

was voted a statue at a public meeting : 1828 in editing the Calcutta lournal
died July 31, 1865. was for some years partly at sea, partly
engaged in journalism and in a mercan-
SURAJ-UD-DAULA (1731 ? or 1736- tile house concerned with various papers,
:
1757) the Bengal Chronicle, which became the

His name was Mirza Muhammad :
Bengal Harkaru; the Calcutta Chronicle.
eldest son of Zain-un-din Ahmad, called which was suppressed by the Govern-
Haibat Jang, the nephew and son-in-law ment the Bengal Herald
; resigned :
of Aliverdi Khan, Governor of Bengal :

editorship and became Professor of
:
adopted by Aliverdi as his heir suc- :

English Literature at the Hughli College,
ceeded Aliverdi as Nawab on April 9, 1837.
1756 was offended with the English
:
for giving protection at Calcutta to Kishen

SUTHERLAND, SIR THOMAS
(1834-
Das, who escaped with treasure from )
Dacca actuated by rapacity, he attacked

: Born Aug. 1834 son of Robert
6, :
Calcutta and took it, June 20, 1756 Sutherland educated at Aberdeen Gram-
:
was finally responsible for the tragedy of mar School and University entered the :
the Black Hole, and callous to the sufferings service of the P. and O. Company was :
of the survivors European and native

: at Hong-Kong for many years M.P. for :
historians have dilated on his cruel and Greenock, 1884-1900 Chairman of the :
profligate character. Clive and Watson P. and O. Company and of the London
retook Calcutta on Jan. 2, i757 the : Board of Suez Canal Company K.C.M.G., :
treaty made between them and the Nawab 1891 G.C.M.G., 1897
: LL.D. :
proved only temporary a confederacy

SVARNAMAYI, MAHARANI
:
was made against him by Clive, who

(1827-1897)
marched on Murshidabad Suraj-ud-daula :
was defeated at the battle of Plassy, June At 1 1 she was married to Kumar, after-
23' 1757 he fled to Rajmahal, where
: wards Raja, Krishna Nath of Kasimbazar,
who died 1845. She contested the

in served at Suakin, i885:in Burma campaign,
validity of her husband's will, under which 1886-8 Zhob Valley expedition, 1890
: :
the E. I. Co had taken possession of his Waziri expedition, 1894 Malakand, 1897 : :
estates, and it was declared null and void. Buner expedition, 1897China expedition, :
She spent the greater part of her large 1900 Administrative Medical Officer,
:
income munificently on charities and public N.W. Frontier Province D.S.O., 1887. :
purposes. The Government of India recogn-

ized her liberality (which became a pro- SYKES, WILLIAM HENRY
verb) and public spirit, made her Rani, (1790-1872)
and Maharani (1871), and in 1878 a
Colonel son of Samuel Sykes born
: :
Member of the Imperial Order of the Jan, 25, 1790 entered the E. I. Co.'s :
Crown of India. She died in Aug. 1897. Bombay Army in 1804 was present at :
SWINLEY, GEORGE (1842- )

Bhartpur under Lord Lake, 1805 served :
intheDekkan, 1817-20: and commanded

Entered the Bengal Artillery, i860, and native troops at the battles of Kirki and
became Maj-General, 1895 served in :
Poona was employed by the Bombay
:
Bhutan expedition, 1865-6 Black Moun- :

Government as Statistical Reporter from
tain expedition, 1868 Jowaki-Afridi :
1824 until he left India in 1831 : wrote a
expedition, 1877-8 Afghan war, 1878-:
number of reports, statistical, on Natural
80, Brevet-Major and Lt-Colonel C.B., :
History, etc. : retired as a Colonel in 1833 :
1893. was a Royal Commissioner in Lunacy,

1835-45 became Director of the E. I. Co.
:
SYDENHAM, THOMAS (1780-1816) in 1840 Chaurman in 1856 in 1854 he

: :
Entered the Madras Army : was Assist- was Lord Rector of the Aberdeen Univer-
ant Private Secretary to Lord Mornington sity : M.P. for Aberdeen, 1857-72 F.R.S. : :
(Marquis Wellesley) in 1799 Resident : Member of the Royal Asiatic Society.

at Hyderabad, 1806-10 : Charge d' Affaires President of it in 1858 as also, in 1863, :
at Lisbon, 181 1 appointed : Minister of the Statistical Society, and of the

Plenipotentiary at Lisbon, 1815 : died at Society of Arts. In Bombay he advocated
Geneva, 1816. education for the natives, and, in Parlia-
ment, urged the rights and privileges of
SYDENHAM, WILLIAM (1752-1801)
the Indian Army he was the author of :
In the E.I. Co.'s service joined the :

numerous works on scientific and literary
Madras Artillery, as Lieutenant, in 1768 :
questions, and contributed largely to the
at the time of the war with Tippoo, the transactions of learned Societies on the
Artillery was divided into two battalions, ancient history, antiquities, statistics,
and Major Sydenham was promoted to geology, natural history and meteorology
the command of the ist battalion :
of India died June 16, 1872.
:
became Maj-General died June 13, 1801. :
SYKES, PERCY MOLESWORTH SYM, JOHN MUNRO (1839- )
(1867- ) Born Feb. 1839 son of Rev. John 15, :
Educated at Rugby and Sandhurst :

Sym of the Free Church educated at :
a great athlete entered the Army, 1888

: :
Edinburgh High School and University :
travelled constantly in India, Kashmir, entered the Bengal Army, 1858, and
became Maj-General, 1896 served on :
Ladak, Persia, Beluchistan, etc. founded :
the Consulate of Kerman and Persian N.W. Frontier at Umbeyla, 1863 Hazara, :
:
Beluchistan served in South Africa

:
1868 in Afghan war, 1878-80 Brevet-Lt-
:
:
in command of Welsh Imperial Yeomanry :

Colonel: Hazara, 1888, in command of
ist Brigade C.B. Miranzai, 1896, in
inventor of Sykes' patent tent and sleep- : :
ing valise C.M.G. for services in Persia,

:
command of ist Brigade.
1902 author of Ten Thousand Miles in
:
Persia, 1902, and of many papers for SYMES, SIR EDWARD SPENCE
learned Societies. (1862-1901)
SYKES, WILLIAM AINLEY (1859- ) I.C.S. son of E. S. Symes, M.D.
:
:
Entered the Indian Medical Service, educated at University College School and
1882, and became Lt-Colonel, 1902 : University College, London went out to :
N.W.P., 1875 transferred to Burma,
: TAGORE, DWARKA NATH
1876 Junior Secretary to Government,
: (1795, ? -1846)
1880 Settlement Secretary and Secretary
:
Second son of Ram Mani Tagore
to the Chief Commissioner, 1882, 1886 :
educated at Sherbourne's School, Calcutta,
and Chief Secretary from 1897 Member :
and by a private tutor entered and left :
of the Legislative Council, Burma : CLE., Government service :established, 1834, the
1886 K.C.LE., 1900 died at Rangoon,
: :
firm of Carr, Tagore & Co. : helped to found
Jan. 8, 1901. the Union Bank and the Landholders'
Society : used his ample means in active
philanthropy and the advancement of his
SYMONS, SIR WILLIAM PENN
(1843-1899)
countrymen : agitated for the abolition
of Suttee, the freedom of the Press, the
Maj-General born July 17, 1843
: son : repeal of the " Black Act " he showed :
of William Symons educated privately

: : profuse hospitality, and was constantly
joined the 24th regt., 1863 served in the : consulted by the Governor-General he :
Kafir and Zulu wars, 1878-9 to India, : was the first native J .P. He left for Europe
1880 A.A.G. for Musketry, Madras, 1882
: : in Jan. 1841 travelled on the Continent
:
D.A.Q.M.G. in Burmese expedition,

the was entertained in England by Queen
1885-6 : commanded mounted infantry : Victoria, and the Court of Directors, who
Brig-General in the Chin Field Force : gave him a medal in recognition of his
commanded the Burma column in Chin- services to his country. On his return to
Lushai expedition, 1889 C.B., 1890 : India, in 1842, he refused to perform the
A.A.G. for musketry, Bengal. 1893 : expiatory ceremony of Prayaschittra.
commanded as Brigadier in the Pan- He again visited England in 1845 was :
jab, 1895 a Brigade in Waziristan,

: received as previously died in London on
:
1894-5 Tochi, 1898

'
and a Division in : Aug. I, 1846, and was buried at Kensal
Tirah, 1897-8 K.C.B., 1898 commanded
: : Green. The Times and other newspapers
the Forces in Natal, 1899 died Oct. 23, : dwelt on his unbounded philanthropy
1899, of his wounds at assault of Talana at a public meeting held at Calcutta in his
Hill. honour, an endowment fund, called after
him, was established to give native youths
of India the benefit of European education.
TAGORE, MAHARSHI DEBENDRA, TAGORE, SIR JOTINDRA MOHAN

NATH (1818-1905)
MAHARAJA BAHADUR (1831- )
Eldest son of Dwarka Nath Tagore Eldest son of Huro Coomar Tagore :
{q.v.) : born 1818 : educated at the Hindu born in 1831 studied at the Hindu
:
College : in early manhood he took a College, and under Capt. D. L. Richard-

strong religious turn, and founded, in son {q.v.), as private tutor early in life :
1839, a Society for the Knowledge of he composed Bengali dramas was for :
Truth, with a Journal was a leader in the : some years Hony. Secretary of the British
Hindu Deistic movement joined the : Indian Association, and its President in
Brahmo Samaj in 1842, and introduced 1879 and 1891 Member of the Bengal
:
the Brahmic Covenant in 1843 his im- : Legislative Council, 1870 and 1872,
passioned eloquence conduced greatly to of the Governor-General's Legislative
his success as a reviver of religion he was : Council, i%77, 1879, 1881 of the Edu- ;
the spiritual father of Keshab Chandra Sen cation Commission, 1882, and the Jury
{q.v.) suffered great losses of property at
: Commission, 1893 was made Raja
:
one time, but, later, recovered his prin- Bahadur, 1871 Maharaja, 1877; C.S.I.,
;
cipal landed estates during his prolonged

: 1879; K.C.S.I., 1882; Maharaja Bahadur,
life, he maintained his interest in spiritual 1890, and in Jan. 1891 the title of Maha-
subjects, and, though he was not an ortho- raja was made hereditary in his family.
dox Hindu in faith and practice, was He was for years J. P. for Calcutta, Hony.
immensely revered as a great religious Magistrate, Member of the Calcutta
guide [rishi), living for the last few years Corporation, Fellow of the Calcutta
of his saintly life in religious retirement : University, Trustee of the Indian Museum,
died Jan. 19, 1905. Governor of the Mayo Hospital. He
inherited extensive landed property in Magistrate: a Municipal Commissioner
several districts, and by a decree of the for Calcutta: Trustee of the Indian Museum
Privy Council holds a life interest in the and of the Victoria Memorial Hall Hony. :
estates of his uncle, Prasanna Kumar Secy, of the British India Association :
Tagore He
has made munificent
(q.v.). represented the city of Calcutta at the
endowments and donations for religious, Coronation of H.M. the King-Emperor,
charitable and educational purposes, and 1902.
has for years held a leading position in
Bengal, being universally respected. A TAGORE, MAHARAJA RAMA NATH
strictly orthodox Hindu, devoted to (1800-1877)
religious observances, he has, with advanc- Brother of Dwarka Nath Tagore (,q.v.)
ing age, sought retirement from public educated at Sherbourne's School : was
affairs, but is often consulted by Govern- Treasurer, 1829, of the Union Bank until
ment. its failure. He adopted the theistic views
of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and took a
TAGORE, PRASANNA KUMAR prominent part in the affairs of the
(1801-1868) Brahma Sabha. He was early interest-
Son of Gopi Mohan Tagore : educated ed in politics and political economy,
partly at home, partly at Sherbourne's helped to found a newspaper, the
School, Calcutta, in English, and at the Indian Reformer, and the British Indian
old Hindu College though possessing
: Association, of which he was Presi-
considerable landed property, he joined dent for about 10 years was a :
the legal profession, became the Govern- Member of the Bengal Legislative Council.
ment Pleader, made a very large income, 1866, and of the
Governor-General's,
and wrote on legal subjects. Lord Legislative was made
Council,
1873 :
Dalhousie appointed him in 1854 clerk Raja, 1873 C.S.I. 1874, and Maharaja
:
assistant to the Legislative Council of the on Jan. i, 1877 was also a Member of
:
Governor-General, where he showed con- the Calcutta Corporation Fellow of the :
spicuous ability and, later, was made a Calcutta University and Governor of the
Member of the same Council. He gained College died June i, 1877.
:
a high reputation for his public spirit,

liberality,and prominence in public affairs. TAGORE, RAJA SIR SOURINDRO
In 831 he started a native newspaper.
1
MOHAN (1840- )
The Reformer, to advocate the interests of Younger brother Maharaja Bahadur

of
natives. He was a Governor of the Hindu Sir Jotindra Mohan Tagore {q.v.) born :
College Member of the Council of Educa-

: in 1840 educated at the Hindu College.
:
cation, of the Bengal Legislative Council, At 16 he began the study of music, both
and of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation : English and Bengali established, 1871,
:
a founder of the British Indian Association the Bengal Music School, and founded,.
in 1851, and in 1867 its President Fellow : 1 88 1, the Bengal Academy of Music :
of the Calcutta University Governor of the : collected books, and published works,
Mayo Hospital he possessed a very fine
: on music and musical instruments,
library :C.S.I, in 1866 died in 1868, : encouraging the science in every way :
disinheriting his son Gayendra Mohan Doctor in Music of Oxford in 1896, and
Tagore, on the latter's conversion to of the Universities of Philadelphia and
Christianity his marble statue is in the
: Utrecht received titles of honour, with
:
vestibule of the Senate House at Calcutta. knighthood, from most of the sovereigns
of Europe, and the title of Nawab Shah-
TAGORE, MAHARAJ KUMAR PROD- zada from the Shah of Persia Knight :
YOT COOMAR (1873- )

Bachelor of the United Kingdom Fellow :
Born Oct. 1873 son of Raja Sir

21, :
of the Calcutta University: Honorary
Sourindro Mohan Tagore, Kt. CLE. : :
Magistrate, and J. P. has also studied
:
adopted son of Maharaja Bahadur Sir Sanskrit, and published translations.

Jotindra Mohan Tagore, K. C.S.I. edu-
TALBOT, SIR ADELBERT CECIL
:
cated at the Hindu School, Calcutta, and

(1845- )
privately by Mr. F. Peacock, Barrister-
at-law holds a number of honorary
: Born June 3, 1845 : son of Hon. and
appointments is Hony.
: Presidency Rev. W. W. C. Talbot : educated at Eton
and Woolwich entered the Royal Artil : TANTIA TOPI (1819 ? -1859)
lery Lt-Colonel in Indian Staff Corps
:
A rebel leader in the mutiny
a Mahratta :
in the Political Department in India

Brahman Poona, in the service of Nana
of
Consul-General, Bushire Deputy Secre :
Sahib he mstigated the Cawnpur mas-

:
tary to the Government of India in

sacre of June 27, 1857 commanded at the
:
the Foreign Department Resident in :
battle of Bithur on Aug. 16, won by Have-

Kashmir accompanied the second son
:
lock after the re-occupation of Cawnpur :
of the Amu: of Afghanistan to England,

with the Gwalior Contingent,he made Gene-
1895 C.I.E., 1885
: K.C.I.E., 1895. :
ral Windham (^.i;.) retreat from Cawnpur.
but was defeated by Sir Colin Campbell
TALBOT, HON. GERALD CHETWYND with the Rani of Jhansi he was besieged
:
(1819-1885)
by Sir Hugh Rose at Jhansi, but escaped
Born Oct. son of second Earl
3, 1819 :
and collected a force of 20,000 men, which
Talbot : the Ceylon Civil
originally in Sir Hugh utterly routed he intrigued
:
Service Private Secretary from Aug.

:
against Sindia and seized the fortress of
1856, to April, 1858, to Lord Canning, Gwalior, but Sir Hugh Rose retook it :
when Governor-General Private Secre- :

he escaped into Central India, was defeated
tary, 1858, to Lord Stanley, when Secre- by Brigadier Robert Napier evading :
tary of State for India Director-General :

pursuit for 10 months in Central India,
of the Military Store Department at the Rajputana and Bundelkund, he was caught
India Office, 1860-79 died Feb. 13, 1885. :
by Major Meade (q.v.) in the jungles on
April 7, 1859, tried, convicted and executed
TALEYARKHAN, PESTONJI JEHAN- on the i8th. He has been described as
GIR, KHAN BAHADUR (1833- ) crueland crafty and the only rebel leader
Born 1833 : of an old and historical who showed a real genius for war.
Parsi family educated at the Elphin-
stone Institute
:
and College : joined the

TARANATH TARKAVACHASPATI
(1812-1885)
Education Department as Assistant Pro-
fessor edited the Rast Goftar
: became : Born 1812 educated at the Sanskrit
:
Alienation Settlement Officer President, : College, Calcutta went to Benares to

:
in the Baroda State, of the " Sirdars' study Vedanta philosophy taught San- :
Commission," to inquire into their griev- skrit at his native village Kalna, Burdwan :
ances and Military, Settlement, and

: made Professor of Grammar at the San-
Political Officer in Baroda, 1875 made : skrit College :gained a reputation in
Khan Bahadur in 1879 CLE. in 1882 : : Europe and India by his publication of
resigned the Baroda service, 1883 : ancient Sanskrit manuscripts his San- :
appointed Talukdari Settlement Officer in skrit dictionary occupied him for 12

Gujarat, etc. years, and cost about Rs. 80,000 a ;
monumental work, highly esteemed by

TALEYARKHAN, SORABJI JEHAN- European and Indian scholars known :
GIR (1836-1900) as a great grammarian: died 1885.
A scholar of the Elphinstone Institution, TARKABARGIS, PREM CHAND

Bombay in Government service as
:
(1806-1867)
Assistant Settlement Officer joined the :
Received his early education privately

Baroda State Service and rose to be a :
studied the higher branches of literature

Judge introduced the Abkari system
:
in the Sanskrit College, Calcutta, under

into the State wrote the Representative:
H. H. Wilson (q.v.) was a favourite

Men of India died Oct. 19, 1900. :
:
pupil, winning his esteem by proficiency

in grammar, and translating Bengali
TANNER, SIR ORIEL VIVEASH| passages into Sanskrit verse
(1832-
was for 32 :
)
years Professor of Rhetoric in the Sanskrit
Entered the Bombay Army, 185 1, and

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M(i.i.uiii.u.im.

likely to challenge the conclusions of the Editor. Again, in such a work,

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