POLYTECH POLYTHECNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA. MANILA PHILIPPINES

CM656 – Construction Safety Management

“INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH & ASSIGNMENT (IRA)”

IRA 01: SAFETY INSTITUTION

Presented to
ARCH. REYNALDO C. VENTURA, JR
MsCM, UAP, Int’l Assoc. AIA, PEM, ACP

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements of

Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM)

Submitted By:
RIMANDO, REY S.A. MSCM 3C
2021
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE .............................................................................................................. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ 2

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3

OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................................. 5

BODY OF UNIT ............................................................................................................. 6 - 14

ISO 45001 & OHSAS 18001

A. WHAT ARE THE LAWS, RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITY?

B. WHAT ARE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS?

C. HOW THEY WORK?

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... ... 15

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

INTRODUCTION

Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or other

danger. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an

acceptable level of risk.

There are two slightly different meanings of safety. For example, home safety may

indicate a building's ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home

invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.)

are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants.

Discussions of safety often include mention of related terms. Security is such a term.

With time the definitions between these two have often become interchanged, equated, and

frequently appear juxtaposed in the same sentence. Readers unfortunately are left to

conclude whether they comprise a redundancy. This confuses the uniqueness that should be

reserved for each by itself. When seen as unique, as we intend here, each term will assume

its rightful place in influencing and being influenced by the other.

Safety is the condition of a “steady state” of an organization or place doing what it is

supposed to do. “What it is supposed to do” is defined in terms of public codes and

standards, associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate vision and mission

statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or

function, large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with situation-specific

definitions of what is expected and acceptable.

Using this definition, protection from a home's external threats and protection from its

internal structural and equipment failures (see Meanings, above) are not two types of safety

but rather two aspects of a home's steady state.

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

In the world of everyday affairs, not all goes as planned. Some entity's steady state is

challenged. This is where security science, which is of more recent date, enters. Drawing

from the definition of safety, then: Security is the process or means, physical or human, of

delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers,

loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an

organization’s “steady state,” and deprive it of its intended purpose for being.

Workplace safety is a composite field related to safety, health and welfare of people

at work. It narrates the strategy and methods in place to ensure health and safety of

employees within a workplace. Workplace safety includes employee awareness related to

the knowledge of basic safety, workplace hazards, risks relating to hazards, implementation

of hazard preventions, and putting into practice necessary safer methods, techniques,

process, and safety culture in the workplace.

It also includes safety rules and regulations designed mostly on the basis of existing

government policies. Every organization puts in place a number of safety rules and

regulations for its people. Safety training and education for employees is imparted

periodically with a view to making them aware about and updating them with latest safety

measures.

OBJECTIVES

General Objective:

TO DISCUSS AND COMPARE ISO 45001 & 18001

Specifically,

1. To identify the different laws, rights & responsibility

2. To distinguish the health and safety standards

3. To interpret how they work

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

COMPARING ISO 45001 & OHSAS 18001

For organizations that are serious about improving employee safety,

reducing workplace risks and creating better, safer working conditions, there’s ISO 45001.

According to the International Labour Organization, more than 7 600 people die from

work-related accidents or diseases every single day. That’s why an ISO committee of

occupational health & safety experts set to work to develop an International Standard with

the potential to save almost three million lives each year. Structured in a similar way to other

ISO management systems, the approach will be familiar to users of standards such as

ISO 14001 or ISO 9001. ISO 45001 builds on the success of earlier international standards

in this area such as OHSAS 18001, the International Labour Organization’s ILO-

OSH Guidelines, various national standards and the ILO’s international labour standards and

conventions.

Whether you are an employee, a manager or a business owner, you share a

common goal – you don’t want anyone to get hurt on the job. Improved productivity stems

from ensuring people operate in workplaces that provide transparency and build trust

throughout their operation and supply chain. In addition, responsible practices are becoming

increasingly important to brands and reputations.

ISO 45001 is the new ISO standard for occupational health and safety (OH&S). It has

become one of the most eagerly awaited standards in the world, and is set to drastically

improve levels of workplace safety.

Given that ISO 45001 will become part of the business norm, regardless of whether

organizations choose to adopt it or not, it’s important for companies to stay abreast of the

latest developments. ISOfocus spoke to Kristian Glaesel, Convenor of the working group

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

that developed the new standard, and Charles Corrie, Secretary of ISO/PC 283, to get the

low-down on this highly anticipated standard.

WHAT IS ISO 45001?

K. Glaesel and C. Corrie: ISO 45001 is a milestone! As the world’s first International

Standard dealing with health and safety at work, ISO 45001, Occupational health and safety

management systems – Requirements with guidance for use, offers a single, clear

framework for all organizations wishing to improve their OH&S performance. Directed at the

top management of an organization, it aims to provide a safe and healthy workplace for

employees and visitors. To achieve this, it is crucial to control all factors that might result in

illness, injury, and in extreme cases death, by mitigating adverse effects on the physical,

mental and cognitive condition of a person – and ISO 45001 covers all of those aspects.

While ISO 45001 draws on OHSAS 18001 – the former benchmark for OH&S – it is a

new and distinct standard, not a revision or update, and is due to be phased in gradually

over the next three years. Organizations will therefore need to revise their current thinking

and work practices in order to maintain organizational compliance.

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OHSAS 18001 AND ISO 45001?

There are many differences, but the main change is that ISO 45001 concentrates on

the interaction between an organization and its business environment while OHSAS 18001

was focused on managing OH&S hazards and other internal issues. But the standards also

diverge in many other ways:

 ISO 45001 is process-based – OHSAS 18001 is procedure-based

 ISO 45001 is dynamic in all clauses – OHSAS 18001 is not

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

 ISO 45001 considers both risk and opportunities – OHSAS 18001 deals

exclusively with risk

 ISO 45001 includes the views of interested parties – OHSAS 18001 does not

These points represent a significant shift in the way health and safety management is

perceived. OH&S is no longer treated as a “stand alone”, but must be viewed within the

perspective of running a sound and sustainable organization. That being said, although the

two standards differ in their approach, a management system established in accordance with

OHSAS 18001 will be a solid platform for migrating to ISO 45001.

HOW WILL ISO 45001 BE USED?

We predict that most organizations will use ISO 45001 to establish an effective

OH&S management system, and just a few will want the extra recognition that comes with

certification. There is no requirement to certify to an ISO management system standard.

Simply having a formal management system in place will bring many benefits of its own

through enforcing best practice. Certification is merely an added endorsement that

demonstrates to external parties that you have achieved full compliance with a specific

standard.

The benefits of ISO 45001 are endless when implemented correctly. While the

standard requires that OH&S risks be addressed and controlled, it also takes a risk-based

approach to the OH&S management system itself, to ensure that it is effective and that it is

being continually improved to meet an organization’s ever-changing “context”. Moreover, it

ensures compliance with current legislation worldwide. All these measures combined can

establish an organization’s reputation as a “safe place to work”, bringing a host of corollary

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

benefits, from reducing insurance costs to improving employee morale – all while continuing

to meet your strategic targets.

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW IF I AM NEW TO ISO 45001?

The answer depends on how much you know about ISO management systems.

ISO 45001 adopts Annex SL, thus sharing a high-level structure (HLS), identical core text

and terms and definitions with other recently revised ISO management system standards

such as ISO 9001:2015 (quality management) and ISO 14001:2015 (environmental

management). If you are already acquainted with the common framework, then much of

ISO 45001 will seem familiar to you and you will just need to fill the “gaps” in your system.

If this is not the case, things could be a little more tricky. The standard is not easy to

apprehend when you read it as a normal book. You have to realize all the interconnections

between the specific clauses. My best advice would be to find a good training course to help

you unlock the standard’s full potential. You may also want to consider employing

consultancy services to assist you in the process.

HOW CAN ISO 45001 BE USED WITH OTHER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS?

ISO’s common framework (the aforementioned HLS) for management system

standards was deliberately developed to facilitate the integration of new management topics

into an organization’s existing management systems. For example, ISO 45001 is based fairly

closely on ISO 14001 as we are aware that many organizations combine their OH&S and

environmental functions internally.

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UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities

Top management should ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for relevant

roles within the OH&S management system are assigned and communicated at all levels

within the organization and maintained as documented information.

Top management should assign the responsibility and authority for:

 Ensuring that the OH&S management system conforms to the requirements of ISO

45001;

 Reporting on the performance of the OH&S management system to top

management.

Since resources can be limited, opportunities should be sought out to integrate OH&S

responsibilities within existing functions of the organization, such as manufacturing, facilities

management, purchasing, and human resources. If other management systems are already

in place, such as quality, environment, energy or food safety, synergies may exist where

there are similar roles and responsibilities. This will enhance ownership of OH&S

management across the organization and potentially create efficiencies.

ISO 45001 requires that the responsibilities and authority of all persons who perform

duties that are part of the OH&S management system be documented. These can be

described and included in:

 OH&S management system procedures;

 Operational procedures and process maps;

 Project and/or task descriptions;

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

 Job descriptions;

 Induction training packages.

Such documentation can, among others, be required for the following personnel:

 Management at all levels in the organization, including top management;

 Safety committees/safety teams;

 Process operators and the general workforce;

 Those managing contractors;

 Those responsible for OH&S training;

 Those responsible for equipment operation and maintenance;

 Those responsible for facilities management;

 Employees with OH&S qualifications, or other OH&S specialists, within the

organization;

Care should be taken with the clarification of responsibilities at the interfaces between

different functions (e.g. between departments, between different levels of management,

between workers, between the organization and contractors and between the organization

and its neighbours).

MIGRATING FROM OHSAS 18001

When migrating from OHSAS 18001, several steps must be taken to “prepare the

ground”, so to speak, before the new management system itself can be established. If you

follow the sequence below, you will be well on your way:

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UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

1. Perform the analysis of interested parties (i.e. those individuals or organizations that

can affect your organization’s activities) as well as internal and external factors that

might impact your organization’s business, then ask yourself how these risks can be

controlled through your management system.

2. Establish the scope of the system, while considering what your management system

is set to achieve.

3. Use this information to establish your processes, your risk evaluation/assessment

and, most importantly, to set the key performance indicators (KPIs) for the

processes.

Once you have adapted all the data to the tools of OHSAS 18001, you can reuse most of

what you already have in your new management system. So, while the approach is quite

different, the basic tools are the same.

AN OVERVIEW OF OHSAS 18001:2007

OHSAS 18001 specifies requirements for an OH&S management system to enable

an organization to develop and implement a policy and objectives, which take into account

legal requirements and information about OH&S risks.

OHSAS 18001 is intended to provide organizations with the elements of an effective

OH&S management system that can be integrated with other management requirements

and help organizations achieve OH&S and economic objectives.

OH&S management is improved with OHSAS 18001 by incorporating:

 Greater emphasis on setting the objectives, monitoring performance and metrics;

 Clearer expectations on management; and

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
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MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

 More careful planning for and preparing the resources needed for ensuring

occupational health and safety

OHSAS 18001 applies to all types and sizes of organizations that wish to:

1. Establish an OH&S management system to eliminate or minimize risks to personnel

and other interested parties who could be exposed to OH&S hazards associated with

its activities;

2. Implement, maintain and continually improve an OH&S management system;

3. Assure itself of its conformity with its stated OH&S policy;

4. Demonstrate conformity with this OHSAS Standard by:

 Making a self-determination and self-declaration,

 Seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the

organization, such as customers,

 Seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization,

and

 Seeking certification/registration of its OH&S management system by an external

organization.

OHSAS 18001 has been drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC

Directives, Part 2. This means OHSAS 18001 is totally aligned with all other management

system standards developed by ISO.

The adoption of an effective occupational health and safety management system within

an organization will have benefits in a number of areas, examples of which include:

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
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STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

1. Providing a safe and healthy workplace for employees;

2. Effective and efficient management of resources;

3. Demonstrable OH&S commitment to stakeholders;

4. Lowering the risk of losing investors and customers;

5. Increasing the reputation of the organization in the community and beyond;

6. Increasing the opportunities for improvement;

7. Reduction of costs related to OH&S accidents;

8. Compliance to national, regional and international laws and regulations;

9. Building trustful relationships with local and national authorities;

10. Usage of the OHSAS 18001 as a marketing tool;

11. Resource conservation; and

12. Increasing worker participation in OH&S consultation.

NEED FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY

Before analyzing various aspects of workplace safety, it is pertinent to know the

reasons for ensuring safety in life. We attach top priority to safety and security in places we

live, stay, visit or work in.

 To Say no to Accidents − Accidents are fallouts of recklessness and lack of

responsibility. When we don’t follow required safety norms we end up in getting

injured or even in ending our valuable lives. It is true with regard to our home and

workplace alike.

 To Stay Healthy and Energetic − We should have a healthy food habit, which is

itself a safety measure, to keep us healthy and lively for work at home and in

workplaces.

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 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

 To have Longevity in Life − We should take care of ourselves everywhere we are

and of others for leading a safe and meaningful life.

 To create Public Awareness − Promotion of safety norms everywhere creates

public awareness and discipline. It is true of workplaces and motivates new

employees to take up safety measures necessary for their safety.

 To avoid loss of Property and Life − The basic aim of safety measures is to

prevent the occurrences of mishaps and hazards that sometimes cause heavy loss

of life and property.

 To Devise Planning for Safety − Need for safety paves the way for devising an

effective planning for all-round safety of employees in an organization.

Organizations of all kinds are increasingly concerned with achieving and demonstrating

sound OH&S performance by controlling their OH&S risks. An effective way to foster a safe

and healthy work environment is to integrate OH&S risk management into an organization’s

daily business operations. The success of the system depends on the commitment from all

levels and functions of the organization, especially from the top management.

Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area that deals with conditions

and factors that affect, or could affect, the health and safety of employees, visitors, or any

other person in the workplace. It involves interactions among many subjects, including

medicine, hygiene, public health, safety engineering, toxicology, ergonomics, etc.

CM656 – Construction Safety Management – INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH & ASSIGNMENT

RIMANDO, REY – MSCM 3C Page 14
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – OPEN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STA.MESA, MANILA PHILIPPINES

REFERENCES:

1. https://www.iso.org/news/ref2271.html

2. https://www.pegasuslegalregister.com/2018/03/02/iso-45001-organizational-

roles/

3. https://pecb.com/whitepaper/ohsas-18001-occupational-health-and-safety-

management-system

4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/workplace_safety/workplace_safety_introductio

n.htm

5. https://iosh.com/

6. https://safetyinstitute.com/

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