F4 Mathematics Chapter 5 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

5.0 Consolidation Exercise - Review

Without using a calculator, find the value of each of the following expressions. [Nos. 1–9]
1. (a) 25 (b) (4)3 (c) (3)4

0
 4
2. (a) 80 (b) (6)0 (c)   
 3

1
2
3. (a) 52 (b) (2)3 (c)  
5
1 2 4
 1 5  3
(d)    (e)   (f)  
 2 6  2

3 2 1
4. (a) (22) (b) (31) (c) (43)

5. (a) 23  22 (b) 75  73 (c) 41  42

(d) (3)2  (3)4 (e) (6)3  (6)2 (f) (5)3  52

54 22 4 2
6. (a) (b) (c)
53 25 42
(3) 4 (6) 2 (7) 3
(d) (e) (f)
(3) 6 (6) 1 (7)  5

2 3 5 5
1 2 4 5
7. (a) 82    (b) (6)3    (c)     
4 3 5 4

3 4 29 95 97
3 2 1 2 5
(d)      (e) (4)30    (f)    
4 3  4 5 2

8. (a) 53  50  52 (b) 41  (4)3  42

36 53  52 (32 ) 2
9. (a) (b) (c)
3 2  35 52  51 33  3 4
43  2 2 (9 2 )3  35 62  22
(d) 4 (e) (f)
2  ( 2)3 812 43  33

5.1
Simplify the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. [Nos. 10–18]
10. (a) b6  b11 (b) x–2  x7
(c) y5  y–3 (d) k–4  k–6

r10 p 3
11. (a) (b)
r7 p5
q4 m 8
(c) (d)
q2 m4

2 –1
12. (a) (y5) (b) (d 4)
6 –5
(c) (c–3) (d) (n–7)

(a 2 ) 4 m 3
13. (a) (b)
a7 (m 4 )5
n2 ( p 5 ) 3
(c) (d)
(n 1 )6 p4

4 –9
14. (a) (ab) (b) (hk)
5
(c) (xy4)7 (d) (m2n3)
–6 4
(e) (u2v1) (f) (p2q3)

2 8
 r3   m 3 
15. (a)   4  (b)  5 
s   n 

x12 y 9 m 6 n 7
16. (a) (b)
y5 n4
a2 a 8b 5
(c) 9 5
(d)
ab a 3b  3

c6 (a 2b 2 ) 4
17. (a) (b)
(cd )3 b6
( x 2 y 3 ) 3 (h 4 k 5 )3
(c) (d)
x4 y 7 (h  2 k 1 )  2
(2 x 3 y 4 ) 6 (3m 1n 2 ) 3
(e) (f)
x4 ( y3 )2 ( m 2 n 3 ) 2

2 3
a3 
5 k3 
4 
18. (a) a   2  (b) h  1 
b  h 
4 1
5 x  4 r 4 
2 3  2 
(c) x y  2  (d) (r s )   3 
y  s 

5.2
F4 Mathematics Chapter 5 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

5.1 Consolidation Exercise - Rational Indices

Level 1
1. Without using a calculator, find the value of each of the following expressions.
3 4 6
(a) 27 (b) 256 (c) 64
3 3 5
(d) 8 (e)  125 (f)  243

2. Express each of the following expressions in the form xk, where k is a rational number and x > 0.
5
(a) 3
x (b) 4
x (c) x3
4
(d) x 5 (e) (3 x ) 7 (f) (6 x ) 5

Without using a calculator, find the value of each of the following expressions. [Nos. 3–11]
1 3 3
3. 64 3 4. 49 2 5. 32 5

4
7 1

3

3  1 3
6. 8 7. 125 8.  
 27 

3 1 3
 
1 2  36  2  16  4
9.   10.   11.  
9  25   81 

Use a calculator to find the value of each of the following expressions. [Nos. 12–17]
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
12. 5
16 13. ( 4 32 )5 14. (9 121) 2

8 1
5 
 12  5 6 3
15. 80 6 16.   17.  
 25  5

Simplify each of the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. [Nos. 18–31]
1 3 2

18. (a) a 2  a 3 (b) b 2  b 3

2 4 1 1
  
(c) c 5 c3 (d) d 2 d 6

5.3
 1 2
x4 y3
19. (a) 1
(b)
y 1
x2
1 2
 
p 2 q 3
(c) 1
(d) 3

p3 q 4

1 3
20. (a) (h 4 ) 2 (b) (k 4 )  2
3 5 3 4
  
(c) (m 10 ) 6 (d) (n 8 ) 3

4
1
21. (a) (m  3 ) 3 (b) 2
(n 3 )  6
3 9
 
 1 7  1 
(c)  7  (d)  4 
c   9 
k 

1 2 4 5 1

22. (a) a  (a 2 )3 (b) x 3  ( x 3 )  2 (c) y 2  ( y 2 ) 4

1 3 1 2 5

23. (a) a2  (a 4 ) 3 (b) (m 2 )  3  m 2 (c) n 3  (n 4 ) 6

1
24. (a) a 2  3 a (b) 5
x  ( 4 x )3 (c) 3 y  (5 y ) 6

3
25. (a) 4
aa (b) m 4  4 m3 (c) (3 n ) 5  n 3

5 2 8 3 3 1
  
26. (a) (a 5b 4 ) 5 (b) ( xy 3 ) 4 (c) (r 2 s) 6

1 1 1 3

27. (a) (a 2b) 6  a 3 (b) ( x 4 y 3 ) 3  y2 (c) (h 4 k  2 ) 2  h 4k 0

4 2 1 4 3 1 3
 
28. (a) (c  3d 2 ) 3  d 3 (b) (a 3 b 3 ) 6  (ab2) (c) (r 2 s 4 )  2  (r 1s 2 )

2 3

 a2  3 1 1  x  4
29. (a)  3   (b)  
b  b y 3  y 4 

1 3 1 1

 a 2 a4 n2  m3  5
30. (a)  4   (b) 2
  5 
b  b 
5 n 
m

2 1 1 1

3 2 2
31. (a) (4a b) 2 (b) (9a b ) 2

5.4
Simplify each of the following expressions, where n is a rational number and n  0. [Nos. 32–35]
n
2 n 
 a
32. ( a  an ) n 33.  1 
 3 
a 

n
1 1

2 )n n 3 (a 2 ) 3
34. (4a  (a ) 35. 4
(27 a  n ) 3

Level 2
Without using a calculator, find the value of each of the following expressions. [Nos. 36–39]
256 512
36. 4 37. 3 
81 343

1 2
 
 121  2  432  3
38.   39.  
 25   250 

Simplify each of the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. [Nos. 40–53]
1 1 3
 3 
40. (a) (25a 3 ) 2  a3 (b) 8x 2  x 4 (c) 4
16 y 3  3 y 4

36c 4 (5 m ) 3 3  27 p
41. (a) 1
(b) 1
(c)
2 3
 p 3
( c 3 ) 5 (125m )

1
42. (a) a 2  3 a  4 a 1 (b) 3
k 2  ( k ) 3  k
1 1 1

(c) n 3  3 n 2  (3n 2 )  3 (d) h 5  ( 4h 2 ) 2  ( 3 h ) 4

3 3
 a 2   3
 b 
43. (a)    a (b)  1   b 2
3 2   3 
 a  b 

2
2
 4 x3   y2 3 1
44. (a)   3 x (b)  1   y 2
 x   y 
   

1 3

a2  3 b2 ( x 4 y 2 )2
45. (a) (b)
a 3b 4 x y

1 1
 4
a a 3 x2 y4
46. (a)  (b) 3

b2 3
b5 3
x 1
y4

5.5
 1 3

47. (a) a 3 (3 a 2b 1 ) 2 (b) x 2 y 2( x  3 y 2 )3

2
 2 
h k 2 1  a 3b 
48. (a) 3 (b)  
h 3k 2 3
 ab 2 
 

1 2

49. (a) (a  2b 3 )3  ab 2 (b) 3
x 2 y 4  ( x 2 y ) 3

3 1
4 3 1 2 3
50. (a) 4m n  (m n ) (b) p 3q 1  3 8 p 2 q

1 1

 a3  3 b 9m 3  n3  2
51. (a)  2   3 2 (b)   2 
b  a n5 m 

3 1 1
 a8  4 b 2  mn 2  2 m 2
52. (a)   2   (b)  3   3
 b  3 a2  m 8n
 

53. (a) x x (b) a a a

(c) 4a 81b (d) 25t 3 16s 5

Simplify each of the following expressions, where all the unknowns are rational numbers. [Nos. 54–67]
2 3k  1 271  x
54. 55.
4k 32 x  2

6 a  36 a 5  52 n
56. 57.
64a  1 25 n  5n

16 2 x  1 92n  1
58. 59. 3
26 x  4 27 2  n

60. 3a + 23a + 3a + 1 61. 42k + 42k + 1 + 42k + 2

2n  1 32 k  1  32 k  1
62. 63.
2  2n  1
n
32 k

4 3a  2  43a  1 6n  1  6n  1
64. 65.
43 a  1  43a  1 6n  1  6n  2

3(32 x )  9 x 3( 2 n ) 3
66. 67.
2(3 x ) 2 8 n  1  23 n  1

5.6
F4 Mathematics Chapter 5 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

5.2 Consolidation Exercise - Exponential Functions

Level 1
1. In each of the following, when the value of x increases, does the value of the exponential function increase or
decrease?
x
1
(a) y = 6x (b) y = 0.4x (c) y =  
6
1
(d) y = 1.2x (e) y = 3x (f) y =
5x

2. In each of the following, the graph of the exponential function is reflected in the y-axis. Write down the
corresponding function of each graph obtained.
x
3
(a) y =   (b) y = 4x (c) y = 8x
4
1
(d) y = (e) y = 0.3x (f) y = 2.5x
9x

y
3. The two curves in the figure represent the graphs of the exponential functions y = C2 C1
x x
3 and y = 7 . Write down the corresponding exponential function for each of C1
and C2.

x
O

4. The two curves in the figure represent the graphs of the exponential functions y =
x y
1 C4 C3
x
  and y = 8 . Write down the corresponding exponential function for each of
2
C3 and C4.

x
O

5.7
5. The two curves in the figure represent the graphs of the exponential functions y = y
x C6 C5
3
0.3x and y =   . Write down the corresponding exponential function for each of
5
C5 and C6.

x
O

y
C8 C9
6. The three curves in the figure represent the graphs of the exponential functions y
= 3.5x, y = 3x and y = 0.7x. Write down the corresponding exponential function
C7
for each of C7, C8 and C9.

x
O

7. (a) Sketch the graph of y = 2.5x in the figure. y

(b) Write down the y-intercept of the graph. 7
(c) According to each of the following conditions, write down the range of
6
values of y of the function y = 2.5x.
5
(i) x  0
(ii) x < 0 4

x
2 1 0 1 2

8. (a) Sketch the graph of y = 0.6x in the figure.

(b) The graph cuts the y-axis at the point P. Write down the coordinates of the
point P.
y
(c) According to each of the following conditions, write down the range of
values of y of the function y = 0.6x. 3

(i) x  0 2
(ii) x > 0 1

x
2 1 0 1 2

5.8
9. Let y = 2x.
(a) Complete the table below.
x 2 1 0 1 2
y
y
(b) Sketch the graph of y = 2x in the figure.
4
(c) Write down the coordinates of the point where the graph cuts the y-axis.
(d) According to each of the following conditions, write down the range of 3

values of x of the function y = 2x. 2

(i) 0 < y < 1 1
(ii) y  1
x
2 1 0 1 2

10. The value $P of a machine after t years can be represented by the formula P = 320 000(0.85)t. Find the value of
the machine after 4 years.

11. The selling price $V of a tablet computer after x months is given by the formula V = 2 500(0.95)x.
(a) Find the present selling price of the tablet computer.
(b) Find the selling price of the tablet computer after 6 months.
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

12. The diameter d cm of the trunk of a tree t years after it was planted for 10 years can be represented by the formula
d = 20(1.02)t.
(a) Find the diameter of the trunk of the tree after it was planted for 10 years.
(b) Find the diameter of the trunk of the tree after it was planted for 13 years.
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

13. The number R of birds in a forest after t weeks can be estimated by the formula
R = 6 000 + 1 250(0.84)t. Find the number of birds in the forest after 2 weeks.

14. An experiment is conducted to study the effect of a certain drug on the growth of bacteria. t hours after the drug is
applied, the number N of bacteria remained can be represented by the following formula:
N = k(0.9)t, where k is a constant.
It is known that the number of bacteria after 2 hours is 4 050.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the number of bacteria at the beginning of the experiment.
(c) Find the number of bacteria after 5 hours.
(Give the answer correct to the nearest integer.)

5.9
15. The number of animals of a certain species was 100 000 at the end of 2010. The number N of the animals t years
after the end of 2010 can be represented by the following formula:
N = a(0.95)t, where a is a constant.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the number of the animals at the end of 2015.
(Give the answer correct to the nearest integer.)

16. The course fee $V of a training course t years after 2014 can be represented by the following formula:
V = 20 000kt, where k is a positive constant.
It is known that the course fee in 2016 is $22 050.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the course fee of the training course in 2018.
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

17. Mary carries out a diet plan. Her weight W kg t months after the beginning of the diet plan can be represented by
the following formula:
W = 80pt, where p is a constant.
It is known that the weight of Mary after 1 month is 78.4 kg.
(a) Find the value of p.
(b) Mary claims that she can lose more than 20 kg within 12 months. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

Level 2
18. The figure shows the graph of y = 6x. Sketch the graph of y = 6x in the same y
figure.
y = 6x

x
O

19. The figure shows the graphs of y = 4.5x and y = 1.5x. y

C2
x
(a) Which curve, C1 or C2, represents the graph of y = 4.5 ?
(b) Sketch the graph of y = 4.5x in the same figure. C1

x
O

5.10
20. The three curves in the figure represent the graphs of the exponential functions y y
x x x
C3 C4 C5
= 0.35 , y = 2.5 and y = 5 .
(a) Complete the table below.
Curve Corresponding exponential function
C3
C4 P
x
C5 O
(b) Write down the coordinates of the point P in the figure.
x
2
(c) Sketch the graph of y =   in the figure.
5

21. The figure shows the graphs of the exponential functions y = ax and y
y = ax y = bx
x x
y = b , where a and b are constants. The graph of y = b is the image
of the graph of y = ax when reflected in the y-axis. If the difference between a and
b is greater than 4, suggest a pair of possible values of
a and b. Explain your answer.

x
O

22. The figure shows the graphs of the exponential functions y = ax, y = bx and y
y = bx y = 4x
y = 4x, where a and b are constants. The graph of y = ax is the image of the graph
of y = 4x when reflected in the y-axis.
(a) Find the value of a.
y = ax
1
(b) Is the value of b greater than ? Explain your answer.
4
x
O

23. A researcher finds that the number N of a kind of fish in a pond under some controlled conditions after
t months can be represented by the following formula:
N = a(1.06)t, where a is a constant.
At the beginning of the research, the number of that kind of fish in the pond is 50 000.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the number of that kind of fish in the pond 3 months from the beginning of the research.
(c) Find the number of that kind of fish increased from t = 2 to t = 5.
(Give the answers correct to the nearest integer if necessary.)

5.11
24. The value of a smart phone is $4 645 three months after it is on sale. The value $P of the smart phone
t months after it is on sale can be represented by the following formula:
P = 1 000 + k(0.9)t, where k is a constant.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the depreciation of the smart phone after 1 year.
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

25. The value of a car in 2014 is $200 000. Its value $V after t years can be represented by the following formula:
V = 200 000at, where a is a constant.
It is known that the value of the car after 1 year is $186 000.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the decrease in the value of the car from 2014 to 2018.
(Give the answer correct to the nearest integer.)

26. In a factory, when x thousand of a kind of product are produced in a day, the amount Q units of a particular
pollutant in the air can be estimated by the formula:
Q = 100kx, where k is a positive constant.
It is known that the amount of the pollutant in the air is 121 units when 2 thousand of that kind of product are
produced in a certain day.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Can the amount of the pollutant in the air be less than 100 units? Explain your answer.

27. After a new ride has been in operation for k months, the monthly number N of visitors in a theme park can be
represented by the following formula:
N = p + 80 000(1.15)k, where p is a constant.
It is known that the monthly number of visitors is 120 000 when k = 2.
(a) Find the value of p.
(b) Is it possible that the monthly number of visitors in the theme park is less than 93 000? Explain your answer.

28. The temperature T C inside a balloon after t hours can be represented by the following formula:
T = 30 + 70at, where a is a positive constant.
It is known that the temperature of the air inside the balloon after 2 hours is 74.8C.
(a) Find the temperature of the air inside the balloon after 3 hours.
(b) Can the temperature of the air inside the balloon be higher than 100C? Explain your answer.

5.12
29. The value $V of a flat t years after 2010 can be represented by the following formula:
V = 1 500 000kt, where k is a constant.
It is known that the value of the flat in 2013 was $1 889 568.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) If the value of the flat increases by more than 40% from 2012 to 2016, then the owner will sell the flat. Will
the owner sell the flat? Explain your answer.

30. A dose of 80 mg of medicine is given to a patient. The amount A mg of the medicine in the body of the patient
after t hours can be represented by the following formula:
A = kat, where a and k are constants.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) It is given that the amount of the medicine in the body of the patient after 1 hour is 56 mg.
(i) Find the value of a.
(ii) Is the amount of the medicine in the body of the patient less than 10 mg after 6 hours? Explain your
answer.

31. Ms Tang invested $500 000 in 2010. The amount $A obtained by her n (0  n  4) years after 2010 can be
represented by the following formula:
A = 500 000rn, where r is a positive constant.
It is known that the amount obtained by Ms Tang in 2012 was $605 000.
(a) Find the value of r.
(b) Find the amount obtained by Ms Tang in 2014.
(c) In 2015, Ms Tang will invest the amount $B obtained in (b) with a new offer. The amount $P obtained by
her t years after 2015 can be represented by the following formula:
P = B(1.2)t
Ms Tang claims that she will obtain an amount more than $1 800 000 in 2020. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.

32. The carbon dioxide level N (in suitable units) in cinema A t hours from the beginning of a movie can be
represented by the formula:
N = P(1  0.4t) + 200, where P is a constant.
It is known that the carbon dioxide level in cinema A is 440 units 1 hour from the beginning of the movie.
(a) Find the value of P.
(b) The carbon dioxide level N1 (in suitable units) in cinema B t hours from the beginning of a movie can be
represented by N1 = 300  100(0.16)t. Is it possible that the carbon dioxide level in cinema B is greater than that
in cinema A? Explain your answer.

5.13
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 5.1 Review 1
13. (a) a (b)
1. (a) 32 (b) 64 m 23
(c) 81 1
(c) n8 (d)
2. (a) 1 (b) 1 p11
(c) 1 1
14. (a) a4b4 (b) 9 9
1 1 h k
3. (a) (b) 
25 8 (c) x7y28 (d) m10n15
5 v6 1
(c) (d) 2 (e) 12 (f)
2 u p 8 q12
36 16
(e) (f) 15. (a) r6s8 (b) m24n40
25 81
n3
1 16. (a) x12y4 (b)
4. (a) 64 (b) m6
9
(c) 64 b5 b8
(c) (d) 11
5. (a) 32 (b) 49 a7 a
1 c3 b2
(c) (d) 729 17. (a) (b) 8
64 d3 a
1 x2 h8
(e)  (f) 5 (c) (d) 17
6 y2 k
1 64 x14 m7
6. (a) 5 (b) (e) (f) 
8 y18 27
1 1
(c) (d) 1
256 9 18. (a) a11b4 (b)
h7 k 9
(e) 216 (f) 49 1
7. (a) 4 (b) 64 (c) (d) s3
xy 4
1
(c) 1 (d)
12
25
(e) 4 (f)
4
1
8. (a) 5 (b) 
16
9. (a) 27 (b) 1
1 1
(c) (d) 
27 8
1 1
(e) (f)
3 12
10. (a) b17 (b) x5
1
(c) y2 (d)
k 10
1
11. (a) r3 (b)
p8
1
(c) q 6 (d)
m4
1
12. (a) y10 (b)
d4
1
(c) (d) n35
c18

5.14
 2
1
23. (a) a 3 (b)
Consolidation Exercise 5.1 m5
1. (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) n4
5 19
(c) 2 (d) 2 24. (a) a 6 (b) x 20
(e) 5 (f) 3 1
1 1
(c) 13

2. (a) x3 (b) x 4 y 15
3 5 7
 1
(c) x 5 (d) x 4
25. (a) 3
(b) m 12
7 5
 a4
(e) x3 (f) x 6
1
3. 4 4. 343 (c) 1
1 n6
5. 8 6.
128 1
3

1 1 x4
7. 8. 26. (a) a 2b 2 (b)
5 81 y2
6 1
9. 27 10. r4
5 (c) 1
27
11. 12. 1.74 s6
8 4
2 1
13. 76.1 14. 0.344 x3
27. (a) a 3b6 (b)
15. 38.5 16. 0.309 y
17. 0.941 k3
7 5 (c)
18. (a) a3 (b) b6 h2
14 d2 a
1 28. (a) (b)
(c) c 15 (d) 2 c4 b6
d3 r4
5
(c) 2
1 s
19. (a) 1
(b) y 3 4

x4 a3 1
29. (a) (b) 3
1
1 b3
(c) (d) q 12 x4
5
p6 1 m
30. (a) 1
(b) 1
2 1 a 4b n2
20. (a) h (b) 3 1 1
k2 a
31. (a) 2a 3 b 2 (b) 1
1
1 3b 4
(c) 1
(d) n2
1 n
2 1
m4 32. a n 33. a 3
1 4n a 2n
21. (a) (b) n4 34. 5n 35.
m4 81
1 1 a6
(c) 3 (d)
c k4 36.
4
37. 
8
5
1 3 7
22. (a) a2 (b) 2 5 25
x 38. 39.
1 11 36
(c) 7
y3 40. (a)
1
(b)
2
(c) 2 y 12
7 1
5a 6 x 12

5.15
 1 19 11
41. (a)  6c 3 (b) 5m 15 (c)  3 p 6
7 19
42. (a) a 12 (b) k 6
1
27 1 6
(c) 1
(d) h
2
n2
1
43. (a) a (b)
b
3
1
44. (a) 5
(b) y 2
x6
1
a2 1
45. (a) 4
(b) 1 7
b3 x2 y2
5 1
a6 x6
46. (a) 1
(b)
y
b3
5 3
a3 y2
47. (a) 2
(b) 5
b3 x2
5
2 2
h3
48. (a) (b) a 3b 3
k
b2 1
49. (a) 11
(b) 2
a2 x3 y2
5
5
2 p6
50. (a) 2m 3 n 2 (b) 1
q6
1
a3 3
51. (a) 1
(b) 1
b3 m 2 n4
11 4
52. (a) a 3 b (b) 2mn 3
3 7
53. (a) x 4 (b) a 4
1 1 3 5
(c) 6a 2 b 4 (d) 10t 2 s 4
54. 2k + 1 55. 31  5x
56. 6a  1 57. 53n + 1
7n  8
58. 2x  4 59. 3 3
60. 63a 61. 2142k
4 8
62. 63.
3 3
13 42
64. 65. 
3 43
1
66. 2 67.
2

5.16
Consolidation Exercise 5.2 23. (a) 50 000 (b) 59 551
1. (a) increases (b) decreases (c) 10 731
(c) decreases (d) increases 24. (a) 5 000 (b) $3 590
(e) decreases (f) decreases 25. (a) 0.93 (b) $50 390
x x
4 1 26. (a) 1.1 (b) no
2. (a) y =   (b) y =  
3 4 27. (a) 14 200 (b) no
(c) y = 8x (d) y = 9x 28. (a) 65.84C (b) no
x
 10  29. (a) 1.08 (b) no
(e) y =   (f) y = 0.4x
 3
30. (a) 80
3. C1: y = 3x, C2: y = 7x
(b) (i) 0.7 (ii) yes
x
x 1 31. (a) 1.1 (b) $732 050
4. C3: y = 8 , C4: y =  
2
x
(c) yes
x  3
5. C5: y = 0.3 , C6: y =   32. (a) 400 (b) no
5
6. C7: y = 0.7x, C8: y = 3x, C9: y = 3.5x
7. (b) 1
(c) (i) y  1 (ii) 0 < y < 1
8. (b) (0 , 1)
(c) (i) y  1 (ii) 0 < y < 1
9. (a) x 2 1 0 1 2
y 4 2 1 0.5 0.25
(c) (0 , 1)
(d) (i) x > 0 (ii) x  0
10. $167 042
11. (a) $2 500 (b) $1 840
12. (a) 20 cm (b) 21.2 cm
13. 6 882
14. (a) 5 000 (b) 5 000
(c) 2 952
15. (a) 100 000 (b) 77 378
16. (a) 1.05 (b) $24 300
17. (a) 0.98 (b) no
19. (a) C2
20. (a) Corresponding
Curve
exponential function
C3 y = 0.35x
C4 y = 5x
C5 y = 2.5x
(b) (0 , 1)
1
21. a = , b = 5 (or other reasonable answers)
5
1
22. (a) (b) no
4
5.17