CODE OF ETHICS

Introduction:-. 1 (a)

Ethics : Greek word ethos’= character Webster dictionary = The science of moral duty or ideal
human character’.

DEFINITION:- 1 (b)

Ethics is Philosophical ideals of right and wrong behavior.It is a science of ideal human
behaviour which Tells us how human beings should behave and their Personal standards of
conduct, or attitude.

According to Navdeep kaur

DEFINITON:- 2 (a)

A code of ethics is formal statement of groups ideal and values.

According to sr. Nancy

PURPOSE:- 3 (a)

 standard for behaviour of nurses general guideline for nursing action

 Help to distinguish for nursing actionHelp to distinguish between rights and wrong
 Protect the rights of individual
 Enables a correct decision
ELEMENTS:- 1 (c)
Source of guidelines for individual behavior and responsibility Professional codes of this
are a system of rules and principles by which that profession is expected 10 regulate its
members and demonstrate is responsibilities to the society . In India , nurses are
following the International Council of Nurses Code for Nurses 1993. as given below :

a. The fundamental responsibility of the marse is four folk to promote health , to preventilless ,
FOOT
toNOTE:-
restore1)health
Barar Navdeep kaur. ate
and to allevi Textbook of advanced nursing practice. Jaypee brothers medical.1st
suffering
edition.Chennai.publishers (p) Ltd; 2015 page number 25-27.2)Sr.Nancy, principles and practice of nursing.6th
edition. published by N.R. brothers ; page number 28-32.3) Shebeer P. Basheer, A concise textbook of of
advanced nursing practice.1st edition. Bangalore.emmess medical publisher; page number 9-20.

1
 b. The need for the nursing is universal inherent in nursing is respect for a chynity and rights of
man . It is unrestricted by comackeration of nationality , race groed , coles , age and social
structure .

Nurses and People.

• The nurse's primary responsibility is to that person who requires using care

• The nurse provides care , promote anvirment in which the values , Costumes and spiritual
beliefs of the individual are respected.

The nurse holds confidence , personal information and uses judgment in sharing their
information.

Nurses and Practice

The nurse carries personal responsibility for nursing practice , for maintaining competence by
continuing learning . The nurse maintains the highest standard of nursing care possible within
the reality of a specific situation

• The nurse uses judgment in relation to individual compensation when accepting and
delegating responsibilities.

The nurse when acting in a professional capacity should , at all times , maintain standard of
personal conduct which reflects credit upon the profession.

Nurses and Society

The nune shares with other citizens the responsibility for initiating and supporting actions to
meet the health and social needs of the public .

FOOT NOTES:- 1) Barar Navdeep kaur. Textbook of advanced nursing practice. Jaypee brothers
medical.1st edition.Chennai.publishers (p) Ltd; 2015 page number 25-27.

Nurses and Coworkers.

2
 The nurse sustains a cooperative relationship with coworkers in nursing and other fields .

The nurse takes appropriate actions to safeguard the individual when his care is endangered by
coworkers or any other person.

Nurses and the Profession

• The nurse plays the major role in determining and implementing desirable standard of
nursing practice and nursing educa tion .

The nurse is active in developing a care of professional knowledge.

The nurse acting through the professional organization , participates in establishing and
maintaining equitable , social and economic working.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES 3(b)

"The most fundamental universal principle is respect for people."

The major ethical principles stemming from this basic principle are :

 Autonomy : It is called freedom of choice or accepting responsibility for one's choice.

The legal right of self - determination supports this principle. The legal doctrine of
informed consent is direct reflection of autonomy . So it requires that health personnel
obtain a patient's informed consent for treatment and for participation in research .
 Beneficence: The beneficence principle states that the actions one takes should be in an
effort to promote the good. It re quires the balancing of harms and benefits.
 Nonmaleficence: The principles of nonmaleficence state that one should do no harm.
The nurse should interpret the terms " harm " to mean emotional and social as well as
physical injury. Harm is thwarting, defeating, setting back one person's inter est through
invasive actions by another. Many nurses find it difficult to follow the principles when
performing treatment and procedures that bring discomfort and pain to patients.

 Veracity: It means "obligation to tell the truth". It requires professional caregiver to

provide with accurate, reality based information about their health status to the
patient's truth telling is an ethical concern for nurses because truth is the basis for
mutual trust between patient and nurse and trust is basis for patient's hope of benefits
for nursing services.
 Justice : It concerns the issues that persons should be treated equally and fairly. When
there are resources to distribute in health care, nurses should allocate them in such a
FOOT NOTE:- 1)Barar Navdeep
way that kaur.to
equal share Textbook of advanced
equal recipients. Thenursing practice.
following problemJaypee brothers
complicats themedical.1st
edition.Chennai.publishers
application of(p)justice.
Ltd; 2015
• page number 25-27.2)Shebeer P. Basheer, A concise textbook of of
advanced nursing practice.1st edition. Bangalore.emmess medical publisher; page number 9-20.
3
  Not everyone is equal in every way, sometimes there are situations in which it seems
that one person should receive a greater or lesser share than another.
 Resource is limited. There is not always enough for each person to receive an equal
share.
 Fidelity : It is keeping one's promises and commitment. The Principle of Fidelity Holds
That The Person Should Faithfully Fulfill His Duties and Obligations. Fidelity is Important
in a Nurse Because a patient's hope for relief and recovery rests on Evidence of
Caregiver's Conscientiousness .Nurse manager abides by this principle when follow
through any promise he has previously Made to Employees Such as Promise Leave, a
certain shift to be worked or a promotion within the unit.
 Confidentiality: It is the duty to respect privileged information. The Principles of
Confidentiality Provide that caregivers should be repect the patient's needs for privacy
and use personal information about him/her only to improve care.
ETHICAL ISSUES. 4(a)
"Nurses are often placed in situations where they are expected to be agents for
patients, Physicians and the organizations Sim These are as under:
a. Moral Uncertainty: When an individual is unsure which moral principles or values
Apply and May Even Include Un Certainty As to What to Moral This is also sometimes
referred to as moral conflict, "When the Duties and Obligations of Health Care Providers
are Unclear".

b. Moral Distress : When the Individual Knows the Right Thing To Do But Organizational
Constraints Make It Difficult to Take Right Course of Action.
c. Moral Orage: When an individual witnesses the immoral act of another but feels
powerless to stop it.
d.Moral / Ethical Dilemma: Most Difficult of All Ethical Issues .It is described as
FOOT NOTE :- choosing
1).Helen Harkreader,Fundamental of nursingalternatives
caring and and
clinical judgement 3rd edition.U.P.
between two or more undesirable attempting to select the
Elsewhere publications ; page number 17-41. 2) Ann zwemer professional adjustment and ethics for
Least Damaging from the choices Available.
nurses in India, 6th edition, Chennai. B.I Publication Pvt. Ltd ; 2016 page No. 95-98.
Ethical Dilemmas 5 (a)
An Ethical Dilemma is the most common faced by the nurse practitioners, we will focus
on this type of Issues in Health Care Delivery Practices Present different alternatives
Based on Whether the Issues or Course of Actions are Viewed by P InCreasingly, Staff
Nurse and Nurse Managers Face Difficult Decisions Caused by Tensions Between
Technological Capabilities, Budgetary structure, and quality
of concern.A
FOOT NOTES:- 1) Ann nurse
zwemerin all Clinical andadjustment
professional Functionaland
Specialties Faces
ethics for TheinFollowing
nurses India, 6th edition, Chennai.
 Need
B.I Publication to Ltd
Pvt. Rational
; 2016Patient
page No.Care to Conserve Scarce resources.
95-98.

4
  Need to Make Treatment and Care Decisions for Terminally ill Patients.
 Need to Obtain Patient's Informed consent for care and treatment orders.
 Response to patient request for assisted suicide.
 Need to protect justice, rights of patients to participate in random trial of
experimental treatment.

ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NURSE IN ETHICAL ISSUES 1 (d)

 Accepts that some ambiguity and uncertainty Must be a part of all Ethical Decision -
Making.
 Accepts That Negative Outcomes Occur in Ethical Decision - Making Despite High
Quality Problem - Solving and Decision - Making
 Demonstrates Risk Taking in Role Ethical Decision - Making.
 Role models ethical decision-making, Which Are Congruent With The Code Of Ethics
and Introspective Statements.
 Actively Advocates for Clients, Subordinates and Professional
 Clearly Communicates Expected Ethical Standard of Behavior
 Uses a Systematic Approach to Problem - Solving or Decision - Making When Faced
with Management Problems With Ethical Ramifications.
 Identifies In Uses Established Ethical Framework to Clarify Values and Believes.
 Recognise and rewards ethical conduct of subordinates.
 Takes appropriate action when subordinates use unethical conduct.

1) Barar Navdeep kaur. Textbook of advanced nursing practice. Jaypee brothers medical.1st
edition.Chennai.publishers (p) Ltd; 2015 page number 25-27.

5
 SUMMARY:-

Ethics is a science of ideal human behaviour which Tells us how human beings should
behave and their Personal standards of conduct, or attitude and is help to standard for
behaviour of nurses general guideline for nursing action and protect the rights of
individual."The most fundamental universal principle is respect for people." Some
ethical issue are moral uncertainty,moral distress and ethical dilemma. An Ethical
Dilemma is the most common faced by the nurse practitioners and the nurses overcome
in ethical issue like accepts That Negative Outcomes Occur in Ethical Decision - Making
Despite High Quality Problem - Solving and Decision - Making Demonstrates Risk Taking
in Role Ethical Decision - Making.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Barar Navdeep kaur. Textbook of advanced nursing practice. Jaypee

brothers medical.1st edition.Chennai.publishers (p) Ltd; 2015 page number
25-27.

6
 2. Sr.Nancy, principles and practice of nursing.6th edition. published by N.R.
brothers ; page number 28-32
3. Shebeer P. Basheer, A concise textbook of of advanced nursing practice.1st
edition. Bangalore.emmess medical publisher; page number 9-20.
4. Ann zwemer professional adjustment and ethics for nurses in India, 6th
edition, Chennai. B.I Publication Pvt. Ltd ; 2016 page No. 95-109.
5. Helen Harkreader,Fundamental of nursing caring and clinical judgement 3rd
edition.U.P. Elsewhere publications ; page number 17-41.1