Galaxy Cla: ification 139

When stars are viewed

voically appear as through a
telescope, they
bright points of
light without
any apparent siZe or
structure.
some objects the sky
in However, there are
that, when viewed through
a telescope, look "fuzzy" and
cloudlike.
of these objects, ike those shown in theSome
Space Telescope image to Hubble
galaxies (containing billions the
right, are
of stars) that actually
farther from us than the individual stars weareseemuchin
the night sky.

Part :Applying Hubble's Classification Scheme

1) Using the images of galaxies provided on the
inside back cover of your Lecture-Tutorial book,
sort these galaxies (using Hubble's categories)
as being either an elliptical or a spiral galaxy. Use the table below to record your resuits
Try to find patterns in terms of shape, size, color, or any other distinct features that nep
in sorting the galaxies.

Galaxy ID Defining Characteristics

Hubble's
distinguish
Numbers (Describe the characteristics that you used to
Categories
one class of galaxy from the other)

13 hese ga CkgEs

Eliptical
go CirCulc nehG?

Spiral

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 Gnlaxy Glassifloation
Part Understandinu the Iype of Galaniee

M MMploouy Wu wll iw inveellyls wnl n ynlnsyn ntptelngy 5111

yalinl way The oije liva of Iie nevily is fn yni ty ontn turw tnss untn,stasfisi
alaled te galany olaselfiu
ation and mopheolouy
The Ages of Biare

) Whtch of he galaxies appaar to bn moslly ted? (Nots Tha wrd "red is us

Tchds he colors orange and yallow ) ltecod the mbar and classifalioi(ef
piral) of goh galaxy Why do you think thase (qalaxias nppenr rG0
7,2 mailly o
Ctn heYC eliCaN
3) Which of the galaxies appoar to bo mostly blus? Record he nurnbor and dassicsu0
(ollplical o spira) of oach galaxy, Why do you think those galaxies appsar u

4) Which types of galaxies appear to have many young stars: elliptical, spiral, or botn
Explain your reasoning.
P
o the galaxies that you identified in Question 4 also contain old stars? Explain your
reasoning
C u .2ol| 7 PCa

Dust in Galaxles:
irS exfod
Besides stars, galaxies sometimes also contain dust. This dust produces dark bands across,
or patches in, the galaxy.

) Which of the galaxies show evidence of dust? Record the number and classification
(elliptical or spiral) of each galaxy. Explain your reasoning.

Mg

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 Galaxy Classification 141
as and Star Formation in
Galaxies:
ddition to stars and dust,
In galaxies may also
contain gas.
Would you say that a galaxy that i
abundant gas? Explain your r e a s s experiencing active star formation contains i t e o

Apurlernh ex POSin s

Which type of galaxy (eliptical

8)
your reasoning
or spiral) would have abundant gas availabie E xplain

9) Which type of galaxy (elliptical, spiral, both, or neither) is likely to contain both s p tral

type stars as well as M-spectral type stars? Explain your reasoning.

EAcoal

likely is to contain many

of galaxy (elliptical, spiral, both, or neither)
type reasoning.
10) Which few (if any) O-spectral type stars?
Explain your
M-spectral type stars but very

SAr

O-spectral
to contain only
spiral, both, or neither) is likely
of galaxy (elliptical,
11) Which type reasoning.
stars? Explain your
type

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 14
Galaxy Classification
12)Consider the discussion among three studenta about that appears rod.
O galaxy na
a galaxy

Student 1 Because thee is mainly ed light in this galaxy and

thebluo
naf only small. ed stars fomed in this galaxy and notay big. bluoorstars
Student 2:
disagve. t's just that blue stars don't last very lo into rod
ga/nls,
that may have been thee in the ovolvod
past havo alroady ovarnts.
have alroady
the 9axy
galaxy loohs
looks red de t
red duo to tho hght from al the rodo blve stars
oTudent 3: wa
Wait a mimute. I think youu aro both wnong I thought that bohinkthat all
and red giants ive short tves, so they should both bogorn stars that aro
the blue stars that tormed early on have ovolvod no o t of old, rod
or a
there now. So the galaxy appears rod bocauuso it's hif
stars that used to be the blue stars.

ouoree or disagree with any or all of the students? Explain your reaso

ildent b/c tulkS en

13) Hubble imagined the tuning Normal Spir:als

fork diagram (shown at right) Sb
as
representing an evolutionary
sequence for galaxies, with
galaxies starting off as elliptical Flipticals
and developing more structure
over time. Do you think Hubble'sS Iregulars
proposed evolutionary sequence EO 1:4 E7 SO or
is correct? Why or why not? SBO
Lenticular
Galany
SBa SBb SBe
Barred Spirals

iteem
hed hiua
pasYedldir Gnd lhave
futhr ( Ut eit

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