CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGY - a multidisciplinary science that deals with the study of crimes and treatment
criminals as social phenomenon.

PRINCIPAL DIVISION OF CRIMINOLOGY;ETIOLOGY,SOCIOLOGY OF

LAW,PENOLOGY
Sociology of Law
Analysis of the development and application of criminal law as a process of social
control.

Criminal Etiology (Criminogenesis)

An attempt at scientific analysis of the causes of crime.

Penology
\Concerned with the study of punishment and rehabilitation of offenders as a mode of
social control of crime.

Logomacy- No law, no crime

REPUBLIC ACT.6506 - Otherwise known as the Board of Criminology. (Professionalization

Law for Criminologists)
PLARIDEL COLLEGE 1953 - PCCr first in the Philippines and southeast asia
TEODULO NATIVIDAD – father of Philippine Probation Law
SENATOR ALEJANDRO ALMENDRAS- Senate author of R.A 6506
SIXTO DE LEON- first board chairman of the Board of Criminology

*JEREMY BENTHAM - During the last half of the nineteenth century, scholars began to
challenge the ideas of the classical school.
CLASSICAL SCHOOL: FREE WILL

DETERRENCE –Punishment serve as Lesson not to commit crime

HEDONIST – man only seeks pleasure and avoids pain.
RATIONAL CALCULATOR – man is weighing up the costs and benefits of the consequences
of his action
PUNISHMENT - - It is known as redness to safekeeping against an offending member
involving pain or suffering as likewise means of social control.
RETRIBUTION - a punishment to an offender by retaliatory acts result in the form of
vengeance of the crimes being committed as due punishment which derived from the philosophy
of “Eye for an Eye and Tooth for a Tooth”.

HOLY THREE OF CRIMINOLOGY: LOMROSO-GAROFALO-FERRI

CESARE LOMBROSO
 Father of modern Criminology.
 Wrote “Crime: its causes and remedies” contains the classification of crime.
TYPES OF CRIMINAL ACCORDING TO LOMBROSO:
BORN CRIMINAL – Criminal behavior is inherited.
ATAVISTIC – Lombroso firmly believe that there is a born criminal.
INSANE - Those who commit crimes due to abnormalities or psychological disorder.
CRIMINALOID – Those who commit crimes due to less physical stigmata/ self control.

OTHER IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTOR OF CRIMINOLOGY

ADOLPHE QUETELET – he made used of data and statistical analysis to gain insight into a
relationship between crime and sociological factors.

HENRY MAYHEW – he used empirical methods and an ethnographic approach to address

social question and poverty and presented his studies in London Labor and the London Poor

EMILE DURKHEIM- Anomie Theory

 Crime as a normal part of society
 Crime creates social solidarity
 Crime creates social change
 Anomie: Normlessness, a breakdown of social order as a result of a loss of
standards and values

WILLEM ADRIAN BONGER

 An emotional authority in criminology, who classified crimes by motives of the offenders
as economic crimes, sexual crimes, political crimes, and miscellaneous crimes with
vengeance as the principle motive.
 Willem Bonger, a Marxist-Socialist, on the other hand, placed more emphasis on working
about crimes of economic gain. He believes that profit -motive of capitalism generates an
egoistic personality. Hence, crime is an inevitable outcome.

EDWIN SUTHERLAND
 An American authority in criminology, who in his book “Principles of Criminology”
considers criminology at present as not a science, but it has hopes of becoming a science.
 The most important criminologist in the 20th century” because of explaining crime and
criminal behavior can be seen as corrected extension of social perspective.
 He was considered as the “Dean of Modern Criminology”
 Advocated the DAT (Differential Association Theory) which maintains that society is
composed of different group of organization, group of people having Criminalistics
tradition and anti- Criminalistics tradition and criminal behavior is learned and not
inherited.
 People learned criminal attitudes from older, more experience law violators.

ABRAHAMSEN - in his book “Crime and the Human Mind” 1945 explained the origin of crime
by this formula. “Criminal behavior is a result of criminalistic tendencies plus crime emotional
resistance to temptation.”
RAFFAELE GAROFALO
 Traced the roots of criminal behavior to psychological features which he called
“moral anomalies”
 Natural crimes are those that offend the basic moral sentiments of probity (respect
for the property of others) and piety (revulsion against the infliction of suffering
on others)
 Supported the death penalty to rid society of its maladapted members
 Another Italian authority in criminology, who developed a concept of the natural
crime and defined it as a violation of the prevalent sentiments of pity and probity.
 Like Lombroso and Ferri, he rejected the doctrine of free will and supported the
position that the only way to understand crime was to study it by scientific
methods.

ENRICO FERRI
 Best known of Lombroso’s associates
 Attacked the classical doctrine of free-will
 Was more interested in controlling crime through preventive measures: state
control of the manufacture of weapons, inexpensive housing, and better street
lighting
 Argued that crime was caused by social, economic, and political
determinants

BERTILLON
 One who originated a system of classifying criminals according to body measurements
because the human skeleton is unchangeable after the 20th year and because no two
individuals are alike in all dimensions; this method of identification received prominence
in 1880’s

POSITIVIST AND CLASSICAL SCHOOL - ACT THAT VIOLATE THE BASIC VALUES
OF SOCIETY
-The period of Scientific Study of crimes and criminal behavior

*The era of criminal reformation (treatment of criminal offenders)

LOMBROSO – FERRI – GAROFALO

The Positivist School of Criminology rejected the Classical School's idea that all crime resulted
from a choice that could potentially be made anyone.  Though they did not disagree with the
Classical School that most crime could be explained through "human nature," they argued that
the most serious crimes were committed by individuals who were "primitive" or "atavistic"--that
is, who failed to evolve to a fully human and civilized state.  Crime therefore resulted not from
what criminals had in common with others in society, but from their distinctive physical or
mental defects. 

BLUE COLLAR CRIME – is any crime committed by an individual from a lower social class.
CORPORATE CRIME – refers to crimes committed either by a corporation, or by individuals
that may be identified with a corporation or other business entity.
ORGANIZED CRIME - consist of illegal acts, executed by five or more procedures with
varying degrees of participation to directly acquire a system of recurring financial rewards
through the provision of goods and services for consumer groups differing in size and knowledge
of environment.
30 WHITE COLLAR CRIME – as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high
social status in the course his occupation.

KINDS OF CRIME;
FELONY - is an act or omission that is punishable by the Revised Penal Code.
OFFENSE - is an act or omission that is punishable by special laws.
MISDEMEANOR – is a crime that is in violation of the municipal or city ordinances.

CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES;

Acquisitive Crime- when the offenders acquire something as a consequence of his criminal act.
Extinctive Crime- when the end results of the criminal act is destruction.
SEASONAL - those that are committed only at certain period of the year.
Situational Crime- those committed only when given the situation conducive on its commission.
Instant Crime- those committed in the shortest possible time.
Episodic Crime- those crimes committed by a series of act in a lengthy space of time.
Static Crime- those committed only in one place.
Continuing Crime- those committed in several place
Rational Crime- those committed with the intention and offender is in full possession of his
mental faculties.
Irrational Crime- those committed by a person who does not know the nature and quality of his
act on account of the disease of the mind.
White Collar Crime- those committed by a person of responsibility and of upper social
economic class in the course of their occupational activities.
Blue Collar Crime- those committed by ordinary professional to maintain their livelihood.

CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINAL ON THE BASIS OF ETIOLOGY ( CAUSES);

Acute Criminals– person who violate law because of the impulse of the moment, fit of passion
or anger or spell of extreme jealousy.
Chronic Criminals- person who acted in consonance with deliberated thinking as habitual.

CRIMINAL ON THE BASIS ON BEHAVIOR;

Ordinary criminals- the lowest form of criminal career. They engaged only on
conventional crimes that require limited skill.

Organized criminals- these criminals has a high degree of organization to enable them to
commit crimes without being detected and committed to specialized activities, which can
be operated in large- scale business.
 Professional criminals- they are highly skilled and able to obtain considerable amount of
money without being detected because of organization and contract with other criminals.
These offenders are always able to escape conviction.

ON THE BASIS OF ACTIVITIES;

Professional Criminals- those who earn their living through criminal activities.

Accidental Criminals- those who commit criminal acts as a result of unanticipated

circumstances.

HABITUAL - Refers to demeanours which are resorted to in a regular basis it may be further
characterized as emotional and language.

BASE ON MENTAL ATTITUDE;

Agressive criminals - commit crimes in an impulsive manner usually due to their

aggressive behavior of the offender.
Passive inadequate criminals – those who commit crimes because they are pushed to do it
by inducement, by reward or promise without considering its consequences.

SOCIALIZED DELINQUENT -

CLASSICAL THOUGHT BY CESARE BECCARIA; INTELLIGENCE AND RATIONALITY

CONTROLS BEHAVIOR
NEO CLASSICAL OF THOUGHT – IN ACCORDANCE WITH FREE WILL
NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY
 Argued that situations or circumstances that made it impossible to exercise freewill are
reasons to exempt the accused from conviction.
 Children and lunatics should not be regarded as criminals and free from punishment.
 Punishment is composed on some law breaker but not to others by recognition of
exempting and justifying circumstances

POSITIVE ITALIAN SCHOOL – CRIMINAL BORN WITH PHYSICAL

CHARACTERISTIC
 Composed of Italians who agreed that scientific treatment of criminal not on the penalties
to be imposed after conviction.

BODY TYPE THEORIES BY WILLIAM KRETSCHMER;

ASTHENIC- lean, slightly built, narrow shoulders.
ATHLETIC- medium to tall, strong, muscular, coarse bones.
PYKNIC- medium light, rounded figure, massive neck, broad face.
Dysplastic – represents an in congruous mixture of different parts of the body, making it appear
“rare” surprising ugly.
William H. Sheldon - Developed classification of body types and related physique to
delinquencies.

SOMATOTYPE THEORY BY WILLAM SHELDON;

 claimed that there will three body types to wit:
ENDOMORPHIC - which were short, small bone, and fat.
MESOMORPHIC - which were athletic heavy chaste with large torso, hands and wrists. They
were described as aggressive excitement loving and very active.
ECTOMORPHIC - was thin frail, and hand stable attributes, look more fatigue and inclination
to be withdrawn.

PHRENOLOGY – is a theory which claims to determine character personality traits and

criminality on the basis of the shape of the head.
CRANIOMETRY- STUDY OF HUMAN SKULL SHAPE, SIZE, AND WEIGHT
KALIKKAK FAMILY- STUDY IN HEREDITY IN FEEBLE MINDEDNESS
(GODDARD)
 Martin Kallikak was a soldier of the American revolutionary war and while stationed in a
small village he met and had illicit relations with feeble- minded girl.
 About 489 descendants from this lineage where traced which included 143 feeble-
minded and only 46 were normal.
 Thirty- six were illegitimate, 3 were epileptic, 3 criminals, 8 kept brothels and 82 died in
infancy.
 At the closed of the war, Martin Kallikak, Sr. returned to his home and married a Quaker
of good family.
 Out of this marriage, 4, 967 of the descendants has been traced and all but one (1) was
convicted of religious offense, 15 died in infancy and no one become criminal or
epileptic.

TRAIT THEORY – biosocial and psychological trait theories have emerged in modern
criminology, as scientific knowledge of genetic, biochemistry, a neurology has grown. Biosocial
theories believe in equip-potentiality and that genetic significantly influence human behavior.

PSYCHOANALYTICAL FACTOR – this factor refers to the analysis of human behavior in

relation to crime.

ID - are inclinations or instinct of social drives. It contains all that is inherited, and is present at
birth. (Pleasure component)
EGO - reality principle to form part of man’s physical organization between its sensory stimuli
on one hand and his motor activity on the other.
SUPER-EGO - means the conscience of man. It is the role of agencies outside the home which
tries to control the ego.

BROMBERG - CRIMINALITY IS THE RESULT OF EMOTIONAL EMMATURITY

KINDS OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY;

1. Idiot
  Usually congenital and due to the defective development of the mental faculties. An idiot
is wanting in memory, willpower and emotion. He cannot express himself by language, is
quiet, timid and easily irritated. He cannot guard himself against common physical
dangers.
 The deficiency is usually associated with physical abnormalities like microcephaly and
mongolism.
Imbecile
 Although the mental defect is not as severe as that of idiots, he cannot manage his own
affairs. He may be able to speak but with poor command of language. He can easily be
aroused to passion and may show purposeful behaviour. He may be trained to do simple
work under supervision.
Feeble-Minded
 A person whose mental defect, although not amounting to imbecility is so pronounced
such that he receives care, supervision, and control for his protection and for the
protection of others. He is incapable of receiving benefits from instruction in ordinary
school. He lacks initiative and ability for any work or responsibility.
He has a mentality similar to that of a normal child between 8 -12 years old and an I.Q. of
41 – 70.

Pyromania – an irresistible impulse to set things fire;

Kleptomania – to steal articles of not much value; stealing human behaviour

DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION THEORY BY DANIEL CLASSER – it maintains that a

persons pursues criminal behavior to the extent that he identifies himself with real or imaginary
person from whose perspective his criminal behavior seems acceptable.
CONTAINMENT THEORY – BY RECKLESS – according to him, criminality is brought about
by the inability of the group to contain their behavior. Thus, effective containment of the
individual into the value of system and structure of society will minimize the crime.
ANOMIE THEORY – BY EMILE DURKHEIM – the word comes from Greek, namely the
prefix a- “without”, and nomos “law”. A condition where social and/or moral norms are
confused, and clear, simply not present.
ALBERT COHEN - STRAIN THEORY – suggesting that delinquency among lower class
youths is a reaction against the social norms of the middle class. Some youth, especially from
poorer areas where opportunities are scarce, might adopt social norms specific to those places
which may include “toughness” and disrespect for authority. Criminal acts may result when
youths conform to norms of the deviant subculture.
CONTROL THEORY BY TRAVIS HIRSCHI- focuses upon a persons relationships to their
agents of socialization, such as parents, teachers, preachers, coaches, scout leaders, or police
officers. It studies how effective bonding with such authority figures translates into bonding with
society, hence keeping people out of trouble with the law.

VICTIM – a person who has suffered direct, or threatened, physical, emotional or pecuniary
harm as a result of the commission of the crime; or in the case of victim being an institutional
entity, any of the same harms by an individual or authorized representative of another entity.
R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT ETHICAL STANDARD FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL
AND EMPLOYEES.
COURTESY – a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect to other.
R.A 3019 – GRAFT AND CORRUPT
MAL-FEASANCE
MIS-FEASANCE
NON-FEASANCE
BRIBERY
R.A 9344- CICL

JJWC - It introduces the balanced approach or the Restorative Justice. Focuses on losses
suffered by the victims, holding the offenders accountable for the harm they have caused and
building peace within the community.

R.A 10630- NEW LAW ON JJWC

DISCERNMENT - mental capacity to know what is right and what is wrong

TRUANCY – Absences of child in school for 20 days

PD 603 – “The Child and Youth Welfare Code”

NEGLECTED - one whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately
attended.
ABANDONED - one who has no proper parental care or guardianship for a period of at least six
continuous months.

DIVERSION WHO ACTED DISCERNMENT – refers to an alternative, child-appropriate

process of determining the responsibility and treatment of a child in conflict with the law on the
basis of his/her social, cultural, economic, psychological or educational background without
resorting to formal court proceeding Section 4 (i), R.A 9344.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

LAW ENFORCEMENT – refers to the person in authority or his/her agent as defined in Article
152 of the Revised Penal Code, including a Barangay Tanod.
ARREST- It is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for
the commission of an offense.
Two (2) distinct sequences of steps following the detection of a crime:
- Police Observation – Arrest – Booking – Investigation
- Complaint – Investigation – Arrest – Booking

CHARGING – The prosecution will decide whether the suspect will be tried for the commission
of a crime.

ADJUDICATION - formal charges shall be filed against the accused.

SENTENCING – the judgment will consider all circumstances surrounding the case and it is
his duty to apply the provision of the law in rendering punishment or sentence against the
accused.
CORRECTION - involves the convicted person’s serving of sentence imposed.

He will be reformed and rehabilitated prior reintegration to the community.

5 PILLARS

LAW ENFORCEMENT: This first pillar consists mainly of the police. The work of the police
primarily involves prevention and control of crimes by enforcing the laws, investigating crimes,
arresting offenders, and conducting lawful search and seizure to gather necessary evidences
needed to file a criminal complaint.

PROSECUTION: The second pillar takes care of the investigation of criminal complaints to
ensure that there are reasonable grounds in filing such complaints. In rural areas, the police may
file the complaint with the inferior courts (Municipal Trial Courts or the Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts). The judges of these inferior courts act as quasi-prosecutors only for the purpose of the
preliminary investigation. Once a prima facie case has been determined, the complaint is
forwarded to the City or Provincial Prosecutor’s Office, which will review the case. When the
complaint has been approved for filing with the Regional Trial Court, the court issues an arrest
warrant for the accused once the information has been filled.

COURTS: The courts provide opportunity for the prosecution to present evidence and establish
proof of criminal guilt of the accused. During trial, that the accused is given time in the court to
disprove the accusation against him. Our criminal justice system abides by the Constitutional
presumption that any person accused of a crime is presumed innocent unless proven otherwise.
This means that the courts must determine the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt
based on the strength of the evidence presented by the prosecution. If there is any reasonable
doubt that the accused commit a crime, he has to be acquitted.

CORRECTIONS: The fourth pillar takes over once the accused, after having been found guilty,
is meted out the penalty for the crime he committed. He can apply for probation or he could be
turned over to a non-institutional or institutional agency or facility for custodial treatment and
rehabilitation. The offender could avail of the benefits of parole or executive clemency once he
has served the minimum period of his sentence. When the penalty is imprisonment, the sentence
is carried out either in the municipal, provincial or national penitentiary depending on the length
of the sentence meted out.

COMMUNITY: reintegration of the convicted offender after serving sentence to the

community.

This pillar has 2-fold role.

1. First, it has the responsibility to participate in law enforcement activities by being partners of
the peace officers in reporting the crime incident, and helping in the arrest of the offender.
-Under the concept of a participative criminal justice system in the Philippines, public and
private agencies as well as citizens, become a part of the CJS when they participate and become
involved with issues and activities related to crime prevention.
2. Second, it has the responsibility to participate in the promotion of peace and order through
crime prevention or deterrence and in the rehabilitation of convicts and their reintegration to
society.
- Thus, citizen-based crime prevention groups become part of the CJS within the framework of
their involvement in crime prevention activities and in the reintegration of the convict who shall
be released from the corrections pillar into the mainstream of society.

RA 157- NBI CREATED 1947

GUARDRILLEROS – body of rural police organized in each town and established by the
Royal Decree of January 8, 1836.
GUARDIA CIVIL – created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on February 12, 1852 to
partially believe the Spanish Peninsular Troops of their work in policing towns.
CARRABINEROS – 1712

BAHAY PAG-ASA
 Refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution established, funded and managed by local
government units (LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited NGOs providing short-term
residential care for CICL who are above fifteen (15) but below eighteen (18) years of age
who are awaiting court disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies or
jurisdiction.
 Part of the features of a ‘Bahay Pag-asa’ is an Intensive Juvenile Intervention and
Support Center. (IJISC)

DSWD PNP WOMENS’ DESK

PROSECUTION; - is the process or method whereby accusations are brought before a court of
justice to determine the innocence or guilt of the respondent.
 2nd pillar takes care of the investigation of the complaint.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION – A regular investigation conducted by prosecutor in

determination of probable cause

RESOLUTION – is a decision of the prosecutor of the preliminary or inquest investigation

conducted

COMPLAINT – a sworn written statement charging a person with an offense, subscribe by the
offended party, any peace officer or other public officer charged with the enforcement of law
violator.
INQUEST INVESTIGATION - An informal summary investigation conducted by a public
prosecutor in criminal cases involving persons arrested and detained without the benefit of a
warrant of arrest issued by the court for the purpose of determining whether or not the person
should remain under custody and correspondingly be charge in court.
PROSECUTOR - The Prosecutors is not just an ordinary official. All criminal action shall be
under the control and supervision of the prosecutor in behalf of the People of the Philippines. He
is also an officer of the court whose criminal responsibility under the law, is to carry out the
administration of the criminal justice system through an adequate examination of the offense
charged and to decide whether or not to prosecute the individual offender without sacrificing
fairness and justice.

PROBABLE CAUSE - is the existence of such facts and circumstances as would excite the
belief in a reasonable mind, acting on the facts within the knowledge of the prosecutor, that the
person charged was guilty of the crime for which he was prosecuted.

COURT
 is a body to which the public administration of justice is delegated.
 It is a tribunal officially assembled under authority of law at the appropriate time
and place for the administration of justice thru which the government enforces its
sovereign rights and powers.
 The court is an entity or body in which a portion of judicial power is vested.
 are judicial tribunals engaged in the administration (or dispensation) of justice.
They exist in every civilized country to resolve and end disputes in accordance
with law – peacefully, in an orderly manner, authoritatively, definitely and finally.

INFORMATION IS FILED - It is an accusation in writing charging a person with an offense,

subscribed by the prosecutor and filed with the court.

Judge - is a public officer so named in his commission (written evidence of appointment) and
appointed to preside over and to administer the law in a court of justice.

WARRANT OF ARREST – written order issued by the court commanding an officer to take
into custody of person to answer an accusation.
ARRAIGNMENT - the stage of criminal proceeding purposely done to determine the identity
of the accused in the court and reading nature of accusation for declaration of plead guilty or not
guilty

TRIAL CONVICTION
SANDIGANG BAYAN – special court
OMBUDSMAN – special prosecutor for government employees or officials

Organization of Courts:

1. Regular Courts– Batas Pambansa 129 (Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980)

 (a) Intermediate Appellate Courts (now Court of Appeals) – operates in ten (10) divisions,
each comprising five (5) members; sits en banc to exercise administrative, ceremonial,
or other non-adjudicative functions;
(b) Regional Trial Courts – presided by 720 Regional Trial Judges in each of the thirteen
(13) regions;
(c) Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in Cities, and
Municipal Circuit Trial Courts.

2. Special Courts

 Aside from the above-mentioned courts, the following courts are established:

(a) Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) – created under R.A. No. 1125, has appellate jurisdiction to
review taxation related cases;
(b) Sandiganbayan – made possible by P.D. 1606

3. Quasi-judicial Courts

 These are administrative bodies under the executive branch performing quasi-judicial
functions like, National Labor Relation Commission (NLRC), Employees Compensation
Commission (ECC), etc…Court Martial

CORRECTION –
 concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
 As a process, Correction refers to the reorientation or re-instruction of the criminal
offender in order to prevent him/her from repeating his deviant or delinquent actions. In
correcting the deviant behavior of the offender, the process does not consider the
necessity of taking punitive actions.
 It is a generic term that includes all government agencies, facilities, programs,
procedures, personnel, and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, custody,
confinement, supervision, or treatment of alleged offenders.

JAILS - A local country institution for incarcerating misdemeanants and defendants who are
detained pending trial. Refers to institutions for the confinement of untried prisoners and
sentenced prisoners serving imprisonment of not more than three years.

JAIL LAWS

Republic Act No. 6975             December 13, 1990

AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE UNDER A

REORGANIZED DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

Section 60. Composition. – The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, hereinafter referred
to as the Jail Bureau, is hereby created initially consisting of officers and uniformed members of
the Jail Management and Penology Service as constituted under Presidential Decree No. 765.

NATIONAL PRISONER- INSULAR PRISONER – one who is sentence to a prison term or

three (3) years and one (1) day to death
LOCAL PRISONERS – 6 months and 1 day to 3 years
City Prisoner – 1 day to 3 years
Municipal prisoner – 1 day – 6 months
BJMP – attached agency of the DILG
BUCOR – agency under DOJ
BILIBID PRISON- 1847- 552 HECTARS
SAN RAMON- 1869 -1546 HECTARS
IWAHIG PRISON- 1904 36000 Hectars
DAVAO PRISON – JAN 21,,1932----18000 Hectares
CIW- February 14,1931 ----18 hectares
SABLAYAN PRISON - 1954 – 16000 hectares
CIW DAVAO – Established September 18, 2007

HUMAN BEHAVIOR

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

CRITERIA USED IN DETERMINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

Deviation from statistical norms - People whose intelligence is below or above average.
Deviation from social norms - Every culture has certain standards for acceptable behavior;
behavior that deviates from that standard is considered to be abnormal behaviour.
MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR - This criterion is how the behaviour affects the well-being of
the individual and/or social group.
PERSONAL DISTRESS - This criterion considers abnormality in terms of the individual’s
subjective feelings, personal distress, rather than his behavior. Most people diagnosed as
mentally ill feel miserable, anxious, depressed and may suffer from insomnia.

LONG PERIOD OF DISCOMFORT - this could be anything as simple as worrying about a

calculus test or grieving the death of a love one.
IMPAIRED FUNCTIONING – a distinction must be made between simply a passing period of
inefficiency and prolonged inefficiency which seems an explainable.
BIZARRE BEHAVIOR – has no rational basis seems to indicate that the individual is confused.
DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR – means impulsive, apparently uncontrollable behavior that disrupt
the lives of others or deprives them of their human rights on a regular basis.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDER
PSYCHOTIC DISORDER – a severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from a reality,
by hallucinations and delusion and by social withdrawal
MOOD DISORDER – a disturbance in a mood or emotion, such as depression or mania.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER- temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization.
PERSONALITY DISORDER – is a maladaptive personality pattern.
SEXUAL AND GENDER DISORDER – a wide range of difficulties with sexual identity,
deviant sexual behavior, or sexual adjustment.
NEUROSIS – it is an outdated term once used to refer, as a group, to anxiety disorders,
somatoform disorders and some forms of depression.
Extrovert - sociable, impulsive, optimistic, high needs for excitement, aggressive, like, not
reliable, enjoys parties, talkative
Introvert - Quiet, cautious, avoids excitements, control feelings, reliable, unaggressive

FRUSTRATION – Is a negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from
reaching a goal.
AGGRESSION – refers to any response made with the intent of harming some person or
objects.

Denial of Reality
 protection of oneself from unpleasant reality by refusal to perceive or face it. Simply by
avoiding something that is unpleasant.
Fantasy
 the gratification of frustration desires in imaginary achievement. Paying attention not to
what is going on around him but rather to what is taking place in his thoughts.

SUPPRESSION – is where the person consciously and deliberately pushes down any thought
that leads to feelings of anxiety.
TRIVIALIZING – when we are faced with a disappointment over something that is important to
us, we are faced with the problem of having our expectation and prediction dashed.
PANIC DISORDER – have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no
warning.

A. Emotional Disorders – Feeling

a. Exaltation - Feeling of unwarranted well-being and happiness.

b. Depression - Feeling of miserable thought, that a calamitous incident occurred in his life,
something has gone wrong with his bodily functions and prefers to be quiet and in
seclusion.
c. Apathy - Serious disregard for the surrounding and the environment.
d. PHOBIA - Excessive, irrational and uncontrollable fear of a perfectly natural situation or
object. There are some types of phobia:
Delusion - A false or erroneous belief in something which is not a fact. A person suffering from
delusion is not always insane. If he can correct his wrong beliefs by subsequent experiences, by
logic or by information from other sources, such delusion is not a proof of insanity.

PARANOID – they are prone to unjustified angry or aggressive outbursts when they perceive
others as disloyal or deceitful, more often come across as emotionally “cold” or excessively
serious.
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER – this mental illness interferes with a individual’s
ability to regulate emotion. Borderlines are highly sensitive to rejection, and fear of
abandonment may result in frantic efforts to avoid being left alone, such as suicide threats and
attempts.
SCHIZOPHRENIA – a group of disorders characterized by loss of contact with the reality,
marked disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior.
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION – are disorders related to a particular phased of the sexual response
cycle. Include problems of sexual identity, sexual performance, and sexual aim.
NYMPHOMANIA - a strong sexual felling of women with excessive sexual urge
SATYRIASIS - - an excessive (sexual urge) desire of men to have sexual intercourse.
PEDOPHILIA - a sexual perversion where a person has the compulsive desire to have sexual
intercourse with a child of either sex.
SADISM – the act attaining sexual pleasure or gratification by the infliction of pain and
suffering upon another person.
VOYEURISM - the person is commonly called “the peeping Tom”, an achievement of sexual
pleasures through clandestine peeping such as dressing room, couples room, toilets, etc. And
frequently the person masturbates during the peeping activity.
SODOMY - is a sexual act through the anus of the partner.
BESTIALITY - the sexual gratification is attained by having sexual intercourse with animals

CRISIS MANAGEMENT - Is the act or manner of running or handling decisive matters, which
is crucial. It involves considerably the prevention of loss of life and injury, loss or damage to
property from hazards which cannot be normally foreseen or prevented.

CRISIS – came from the Greek word crisis, which means separate. Is turning points in the
progress of an affair or a series on events. Though crisis often used interchangeably with
emergency, crisis develops from an emergency and vice versa, these terms have certain degree of
difference.
PREDICTION – this stage involves foretelling of the likelihood of crisis occurring either
natural or man-made through the continuous assessment of all possible threats groups as well as
the analysis of developing or reported events and incidents.
PREVENTION – with most man-made crisis/emergencies, this stage involves the institution of
passive and active security measures as well as the remedy or solution of establishing factors and
or security flaws leading to such crisis emergencies.
PREPARATION
 Planning
 Organization
 Training and
 Stockpiling of equipment and supplies needed for such crisis emergencies.
REACTIVE PHASE – is the performance of the crisis management plan when a crisis situation
occurs despite the proactive effort.
HOSTAGE – is a person or entity which is held by a captor. Someone who is seized by a
criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative, employer, law
enforcement, or government to act or refrain from acting, in a particular way, often under threat
of serious physical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.
HOSTAGE TAKER – a person or party who seize(s) or hostage(s) is/are known as hostage-
taker (s).
CONTAIN AND NEGOTIATE – this approach to a hostage situation offers the best alternative
to successful end for a number of reasons. Usually time works in the favor of negotiator since a
process called transference, which is developed relationship whereby the hostage-taker and
negotiator exchanged ideas and begin to understand and trust each other, takes place.

CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ( intensive interview and FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION)
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH (STATISTICAL AND SURVEY INSTRUMENT)
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
VARIABLES
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
PARTS OF RESEARCH
Data gathering
Research methodology
Research Respondent
 OCTOBER 2015 BOARD EXAM

SUMMARY CRIMSOC
1999- The foundation of Islamic state of IRAQ and Syria ( ISIS ) founder ABU MUSAB AL-
ZARQAWI from IRAQ
JIHAD- means HOLY
MUJAHIDEEN- Soldiers of Islam
MAMASAPANO (Jan.25, 2015) Sunday at Tukanalipao, Mamasapano Maguindanao; Operation
Exodus
LEFT INDEX FINGER- of Marwan was cut for DNA specimen to FBI
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY
Jeremy Bentham-
Ceasare Lombroso
Ceasare Becarria
Deterrence
Holy Three:
Enrico Ferri
Rafael Garofalo
Ceasar Lombroso

Types of Atavism
Criminaloids
Criminal Man 1876
Contribution of Criminology;
Emile Durkhiem
Chicago School
1940’s Henry Mckay and Clifford R. Shaw
The Female Offender (1901)- Lombroso study that women its not criminal BUT occasionally
criminal

SOCIOLOGY OF LAW

Sociology of law defined: branch of criminology of Law pertaining to development of Law

3 types of Law:
Divine Law- ex. 10 commandments
 Natural Law-
Statutory Law-
Code of Hammurabi- oldest penal code
Summerian Code – 100years older than Code of Hammurabi
English rule- triable
French rule – non triable
Positivist School- crime violates basic values and beliefs
Organized crime or Criminal Organization-
Crime defined:
Kinds of Crime-
Felony
Misdemeanor
Offense
Logomacy
Crime – is violation of state law
Sin – violation of Divine law
Immorality
Pervasive
Criminological classification Term:
Acquisitive
Extinctive
Seasonal crime
Situational crime
Instant crime
Static crime
Continuing crime
Rational crime
White collar
Blue collar
Crime in Upper World
Crime in the Under World
Criminal Law
Public Order Crime ( Victimless Crime )
Early Philippine Criminal Law: Code of Kalantiao of 1433
Revised Penal code – Act No.3815 took effect January 1, 1932
Delinquent
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME:
As toEtiology:
Acute criminal
Chronic criminal:
Nuerotic criminal
Normal criminal
As toBehavioral system:
Ordinary criminal
Organized criminal
As to Basis of Activities:
Professional Criminal
Accidental criminal
 Habitual criminal
Situational criminal
As to Mental Attitude:
Active Aggressive criminal
Passive Inadequate criminal
Socialize Delinquent

CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY-
Biological Approach
Psychiatric Approach
Sociological Approach
Geographical Approach
Criminological Studies Relative to Criminal Behavior:
Criminological Demography
Criminal epidemiology
Criminal Ecology
Criminal Physical Anthropology
Criminal Psychology
Criminal Psychiatry
Victimology

Early Theories of Criminality:

Demonological/Supernatural Theory
Divine will theory
Classical School of Thought
Neo-Classical of Thought
Positive Italian School

CONTEMPORARY THEORIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMES AND

CRIMINALITY
a. Geographical factor:
Theories of criminal anthropology:
Physiognomy
Craniometry
Phrenology- theory which claim to determine the character
Body Type Theories:
Physique Theory by William Kretschmer:
Pyknic type
Athletic type
Asthenic type
Dysplastic or Mixed type
Somatotype Theory by William Sheldon:
Endomorphic
Mesomorphic
Ectomorphic
The Kallikak Family
Juke family
Sir Jonathan Edward Family
 Trait Theory
Psychoanalytical Theory:
ID
EGO
SUPER EGO
Kinds of mental Deficiency:
Idiot
Imbecile
Feeble minded
Schizophrenia
Compulsive neurosis
Differential Association theory (DAT) by Edwin Suther
Edwin Sutherland – father of American Sociology
Anomie theory by Emile Durkhiem
Labeling theory by Frank Tannenbaum
Study of Crime in the Philippines

Kinds of Victims:
Primary victim
Secondary victim
Tertiary victim

APRIL 2016 BOARD EXAM

Introductoction to Criminology

Jeremy Bentham
Deterrence
Ceasare Lombroso
Atavistic
Enrico Ferri
Raffaele Garofalo
Emile Durkheim
Edwin Sutherland
Anthropology
Sociology of Law
Victimless Crime
 Delinquent
Biological Approach
Psychiatric Approach
Psychological Approach
Sociological Approach
William Sheldon
Id
Ego
Super Ego
Anomie Theory
Strain
Labeling
Control Theory
Victimology
Police Life style
Discipline
Command Responsibility
Duties and function of the JJWC
Community Based Programs as Intervention
Criminal Responsibility
Discernment
Return of the Child in Conflict with the Law to Court
Rehabilitation and Reintegration
Reintegration
Somatoform Disorders
Mamasapano
ISIS