Hossein Arabi, Azadeh AkhavanAllaf, Amirhossein Sanaat, Isaac Shiri, Habib Zaidi,

The promise of artificial intelligence and deep learning in PET and SPECT imaging,
Physica Medica,
Volume 83,
2021,
Pages 122-137,
ISSN 1120-1797,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.008.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1120179721001241)
Abstract: This review sets out to discuss the foremost applications of artificial
intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL) algorithms, in single-photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET)
imaging. To this end, the underlying limitations/challenges of these imaging
modalities are briefly discussed followed by a description of AI-based solutions
proposed to address these challenges. This review will focus on mainstream generic
fields, including instrumentation, image acquisition/formation, image
reconstruction and low-dose/fast scanning, quantitative imaging, image
interpretation (computer-aided detection/diagnosis/prognosis), as well as internal
radiation dosimetry. A brief description of deep learning algorithms and the
fundamental architectures used for these applications is also provided. Finally,
the challenges, opportunities, and barriers to full-scale validation and adoption
of AI-based solutions for improvement of image quality and quantitative accuracy of
PET and SPECT images in the clinic are discussed.
Keywords: Molecular imaging; PET; SPECT; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning