Please check the examination details below before entering your candi ovens Pearson Edexcel] ueNunber Candidate Number International { | [ Advanced Level Friday 24 May 2019 Morning (Time: 1 hour 35 minutes) Paper Reference WPHO5/01 Physics Advanced Unit 5: Physics from Creation to Collapse You do not need any other materials. FFotal Marks Instructions © Use black ink or ball-point pen. in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. © Answer alll questions. © Answer the questions in the spaces provided ~ there may be more space than you need. Information © The total mark for this paper is 80. © The marks for each question are shown in brackets — use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. © Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed ~ you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. © The list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this booklet. © Candidates may use a scientific calculator. Advice © Read each question carefully before you start to answer it © Try to answer every question. © Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over resreon (IMITATE, conamennthcne a a tnanny PearsonECTION A Answer ALL questions. For questions 1-10, in Section A, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box If you change your mind, put a line through the box $3 and then mark your new answer with a cross Bl. Scientists are still working to develop a practical nuclear fusion reactor. Which of the following explains why controlled nuclear fusion on Earth is difficult to achieve? (1 A Fusion requires very high temperatures. B Fusion requires very high pressures. a (1 C Fusion requires large amounts of hydrogen. (1D Fusion requires strong magnetie fields, (Total for Question 1 = 1 mark) A student used a detector and counter to determine the count rate near to a radioactive ie also measured the background count for 10 minutes. source. Which of the following must she do to obtain an accurate value for the count rate? (A Add the background count to her count rate. 1B Add the background count rate to her count rate. OC Subtract the background count from her count rate. o D Subtract the background count rate from her count rate. (otal for Question 2 = 1 mark) The zero on the kelvin temperature scale is known as the absolute zero of temperature. Which of the following is a description of absolute zero? CA Iris the lowest temperature yet reached in a laboratory. (1B Itis the temperature at which hydrogen liquefies. 1 C Iris the temperature at which molecules have their lowest kinetic energy. a D Itis the temperature of deep space. (Total for Question 3 = 1 mark) P5614 48022 8 Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 4 When exposed to ionising radiation photographic film darkens. The darkness of the film ret shows how much ionising radiation the film has been exposed to. ‘A source emitting a, and y radiation was placed a small distance from some photographic film ee a light-tight box. ‘The film became darkened as shown. X, Y and Z are points source » A second film is covered by strips of card and aluminium as shown Papee matenct (card Pp Beier MakeA aluminium ge a — less l lig} Select the diagram that shows how the film would be darkened with these strips in place. cr (Total for Question 4 = 1 mark) 3 INO Ee > P5614 4A 03 2 8 Turn over Jaret5. Two systems are oscillating with simple harmonic motion. The angular frequency and amplitude of each oscillating system are summarised in the table below. Ore Or System 1 System 2 angular frequency ® A amplitude A&A (Z ) ‘The maximum acceleration of system 1 is a, and the maximum acceleration of system 2 is a. 2 % eof OaAa- > A v 2 a7 o x O Ba-a, 2 ay) Which of the following expressions is correct? (Total for Question 5 = 1 mark) ON =< r oa oS a Boo8 14 oe 4 L t ° 2 2 » ¢ € > ¥ Dv ( 6 A sound engineer is designing a loudspeaker system, She wants the sound produced at a frequency of S0Hz to be as loud as possible. a ——__ loud % Amplitude ‘The graphs below show how the amplitude of sound produced by four loudspeaker systems varies with frequency f. Which loudspeaker system should she choose? amplitude ! amplitude amplitude 0 sbi’ oo 36100 0 oa os oc Op fora for Question 6 = 1 mark) P5614 4804 2 8 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG VAM STHLNI ALUM 1 aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA from the movement of the building. (—— 7 Karthquake-proof buildings may include materials in their structure to absorb energy ‘The table shows some properties of two different building materials. Material X | Material Y Deforms elastically v ® Deforms plastically x v Stiff v v Strong x v moving building? 1 A Material X because it is stiff Which of the following explains the most suitable material to absorb energy from the OB Material X because it deforms elastically 1 € Material Y because it deforms plastically 1 D Material Y because it is both stiff and strong (Total for Question 7 = 1 mark) A standard candle is a star with a known CA frequency. 1 B luminosity. OO C radiation flux. OD radius. 8 Cepheid variable stars are examples of standard candles. (Total for Question 8 = 1 mark) IAN CO » P5614 4A 05 2 8 Turn over(—— 9 Astronomers are collecting data for two stars X and Y. The following observations are made. StarX | StarY parallax angle 4 20 radiation flux P 2F ‘What can be concluded about the luminosities Z,, and L, of star X and star Y? O A Ly> Ly O Bi-1 O cL ay O pi Bat £ (b) When it is removed from a fission reactor, a fuel rod contains 1.36 x 10 nuclei of caesium-137. Calculate the activity of the fuel rod due to the decay of the caesium-137 20 years after removal from the reactor. 1 year = 3.15 x 10"s (4) Activity of fuel rod = (©) When caesium-137 decays it also emits gamma radiation. Explain why the emission of gamma radiation is a more serious hazard than the emission of beta radiation. (otal for Question 14 = 8 marks) {ND 0 » P5614 4A 01 12 8 Turn over— 15. Naystar | was a navigation satellite placed in a circular orbit about the Earth in 1978. It was the first Global Positioning System satellite to be launched. (a) (@ Show that the orbital time T’for a satellite in a circular orbit of radius r about the Earth of mass Mis given by p ae GM 12 P5614 4A 0122 8 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (i) The plane of the satellite’s orbit was inclined at an angle to the plane of the ‘equator as shown. equator satellite orbit Calculate the number of times that the satellite crossed over the equator each day. radius of orbit = 2.66 x 10°m mass of the Earth = 6.0 x 10%kg @) Number of times satellite crosses equator = (b) A student calculated the increase in the potential energy of the satellite from launch to its final orbit height. He used the equation AF,,,. = mAh Explain how the actual value for AZ... differed from the value calculated using AE,,,, = mgAh 5 = Q) (Total for Question 15 = 8 marks) 1B {N00 » P56 144A 01 32 8 Turn overBLANK PAGE 4 P5614 4 A014 28 Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 16 The graph shows how the binding eney pe ston vais wih mileon number fr ‘tious isotopes. ¢ eae » ee e el wad gar 1° & 95} / Ses * Loy] see xe Se, 5 . q la | |i} —» 203 t a Bs : a/y. | WJ F br | | | | |. as —“ 4 } 4b . “ ‘Nucleon number (2) (i) Explain the significance of the position of “Fe on this graph, @) 15 1 cg numer»=26 Am = (A34e9- 9.297) Kee STOO RAE KO KY Ee se (ii). Show that the binding energy per nucleon of §Fe is about 9McV. proton mass ~ 1.673 x 107k 26 neutron mass = 1.6 x1 mass of “Fe nucleus = 6.287 x 10kg pe of P)- 26 coed @L3-- 21F 2 & : (ze x VORB were peu 169s net] Ss 7 nae mY =e eB 8 + @e067 5) 2 -26 2 [2398 2 -26 SS ~26 a 6 OBE xo x Ux tO ev « [82-&x4 (0 bee ot Ue 6 ii) Deduce a value for the binding energy per nucleon of "H. 10 ev ‘You should use your value from (ii) and the graph. = 4493 ¥ (2) = 423 mev —S. 4 = o:X3 Mev Binding energy per nucleon = 16 P5614 4A01 62 8 = VaUV SIHLNIALINM J Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA \e isotope uranium-235 undergoes fission into less massive isotopes. U 238 Explain how fission of uranium-235 leads to a release of energy. GQ) = @ B+ EX) ry am [M\ ay e-ene (Total for Question 16 = 10 marks) =~ (omit) "7 {N00 » P5614 4A 01 72 8 Turn over(—— 17 A physics textbook gives the following statement about simple harmonic motion: “Simple harmonic motion occurs when the acceleration of an object is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.” (a) This statement is not a complete definition of simple harmonic motion. Rewrite this statement to give a complete definition of simple harmonic motion, 2) (b) A test tube is loaded with small lead spheres so that it floats vertically in a beaker of water as shown, beaker water test tube | scale |_ + 7——|— small lead spheres ‘The test tube is displaced downwards and released. After release the test tube moves with simple harmonic motion, 18 e144 A071 828 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (—— (i) A student uses a stopwatch to measure the period of oscillation T of the test tube. Describe the procedure she should follow to obtain an accurate value for 7. @) (ii) The maximum displacement of the test tube from the equilibrium position is 2.0m. Calculate the maximum velocity of the test tube, T= 057s @) Maximum velocity ~ {ND 0 0 » P5614 4A 01 92 8 Turn over— (iii) The idealised graph below shows how the velocity of the test tube varies with time, 2 30 Time S ‘Add to this graph to show how the acceleration of the test tube varies with time. Q) (iv) Explain why the amplitude of the oscillation would decrease with time. Q) (Total for Question 17 = 12 marks) 20 P56 144 A0202 8 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA wee a = Cc J r oe wae Wavelength = Gi) The radius of Luyten’s star is 35% of the radius of the Sun. surface temperature of the Sun = 5800K \ Re we x © a 18 Luyten’s star is a low-mass main sequence star. Scientists have recently sent signals to ©. Luyten’s star in the search for intelligent life. SL (a) The surface temperature of Luyten’s star is 3150K. p-~ x (i) Calculate the wavelength at which the power output ig a maximum for this star, ae g a7 yee Li «° — Calculate the ratio of the Juminosit( 7 pi Luyten’s star to the luminosig E the Sun, ee oy 2 2 T 3 Ps = @ 4%) Te R,- a Goat eRe ee a Poe (42) Te Re * « fe _ to Rt ec Pt ot —s Y a Ps re Re & LL ec. ET Mere 2, Q) P5614 4 A024 28 21 Turn over >Te 3150 (iii) The atoms in the outer regions of a star may be treated as an ideal gas. . Caleulate the mean kinetic energy of the hydrogen atoms in the outer regions of Luyten’s star. —_ mo (2) =u eE - 2 eT e xe elm ZT 2 eA eb ¥% 31s 2 2 =) Emre wet Mean kinetic energy ~ (b) The spectrum produced by hydrogen atoms in the outer regions of Luyten’s star shows a strong line at a wavelength of 656.3nm. ‘The motion of the atoms at the 9°) A surface of the star causes broadening of this line. ° av” *(i) Explain why the motion of the atoms in the outer regions of the star causes this “J wavelength to become a range of wavelengths. 656.3 ” \ V4 1er, es XN “4 vc 22 PS6144A0222 8 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (i) The broadening of a spectral line of wavelength 2 can be estimated by the equation where [is the Doppler shift in waveTengih Tor an atom of typical speed. Tis the surface temperature of Luyten’s star, m is the mass of a hydrogen atom, and ¢ is the speed of light. Use this equation to calculate the component of the velocity of this atom along the line of sight. - - 2 m= 1.67 x 107 kg wooly T= 3150K Ses my SF 8) 2 Vn kT n~ Y Speed of hydrogen atoms = *(c) After a period of time all stars evolve and move off the main sequence. Explain why we would expect Luyten’s star to remain on the main sequence for a longer time than the Sun, \e exes IS (Total for Question 18 = 15 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 70 MARKS, TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS P5614 4 A023 28 23(—— Acceleration of fice fall Boltzmann constant Coulomb’s law constant Electron charge Electron mass Electronvolt Gravitational constant Gravitational field strength Permittivity of free space Planck constant Proton mass Speed of light in a vacuum ‘Stefan-Boltzmann constant Unified atomic mass unit Unit 1 Mechanics Kinematic equations of motion Forces Work and energy Materials Stokes’ law Hooke’s law Density Pressure Young modulus Elastic strain energy List of data, formulae and rel: g=981ms? k= 138x107 TK7 k= W/4ne, = 8.99 x 10° Nm? C2 € ==1.60 x 10°C m,= 9.11 x 10""kg 1eV = 1.60 x 10-5 G = 6.67 x 10" N m? kg? g=98INkg? 5, = 8.85 x10" Fm? h=6.63 x 107Is m, = 1.67 x 107" kg ¢=3.00 x 10'ms* 6 = 5.67 x 10" Wim? K+ U= 1.66 x 10" kg us at s ut + Yat vist + 2as EF = ma g- Fim W= mg AW = FAs E,= amv? AE,,. = mgh F=6nqrv F=kAx p= mV pos E = ofe where Stress 0 = F/A Strain ¢ = Aw E, =F bx nships (close to Earth’s surface) (close to Earth’s surface) 24 P5614 4 A024 2 8 Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Unit 2 Waves Wave speed Refractive index Electricity Potential difference Resistance Electrical power, energy and efficiency Resistivity Current Resistors in series Resistors in parallel Quantum physics Photon model Einstein’s photoelectric equation (—— vofi y= sin i/sin r= y//v, v=wio R=V/AL PoVI P=PR P-VIR We Vit ei usefull energy output % efficiency = SSS EEE Sw x 100 total energy input efficiency ~ eft power ouput 6 total power input R= pl/A T= AQ/At T= ngvd R=R RAR, + wt R, a|- > i R E-hf I= 0+ mv, P5614 4 A025 28 25(—— Unit 4 Mechanics Momentum Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle Motion in a circle Fields Coulomb's law Electric field Capacitance Energy stored in capacitor Capacitor discharge Ina magnetic field Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws Particle physics Mass-energy de Broglie wavelength cv W=%oVv = Oe" F = Bilsin 0 F = Bqv sin 0 r= p/BQ e> (Ne dr AE=@Am haWp 26 PS 6144 A02 62 8 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OGDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Unit 5 Energy and matter Heating Molecular kinetic theory Ideal gas equation Nuclear Physics Radioactive decay Mechanics Simple harmonic motion Gravitational force Observing the universe Radiant energy flux Stefan-Boltzmann law Wien’s law Redshift of electromagnetic radiation Cosmological expansion (—— AE= mcd Yale?) = VakT pV ~ NIT N/dt = -AN = n2It, N-Ne* F=Gnmjr F=L/4nd? L=oT'A L=4nroT Yaga: = 2.898 * 102 m K NV ae c 2 > ARE ASIP = v/e vd she ~ P5614 4 A027 2 8 27BLANK PAGE 28 P5614 4 A028 2 8 V3UY SIHLNI LIM LON OG Wau SIHLNI LIM LON OG aU SIHLNI@LIUM LON OG