SECTION

1.1N u m b e r s

Chapter 1
Introductory Information and Review

Section 1.1: Numbers

⮚ Types of Numbers
⮚ Order on a Number Line

Types of Numbers

Natural Numbers:

MATH 1300Fundamentals of Mathematics 1

 Example:

Solution:

Even/Odd Natural Numbers:

Whole Numbers:

Example:

Solution:

Integers:
Example:

Solution:

Even/Odd Integers:

Example:

Solution:
Rational Numbers:

Example:

Solution:
Irrational Numbers:
Real Numbers:

Example:

Solution:
Note About Division Involving Zero:

Additional Example 1:

Solution:
Additional Example 2:

Solution:

Natural Numbers:

Whole Numbers:

Integers:

Prime/Composite Numbers:

Positive/Negative Numbers:
Even/Odd Numbers:

Rational Numbers:
Additional Example 3:

Solution:

Natural Numbers:
Whole Numbers:
Integers:

Prime/Composite Numbers:

Positive/Negative Numbers:

Even/Odd Numbers:

Rational Numbers:
Additional Example 4:

Solution:
Order on a Number Line
The Real Number Line:

Example:

Solution:
Inequality Symbols:

The following table describes additional inequality symbols.

Example:

Solution:
Example:

Solution:

Example:

Solution:

Additional Example 1:

Solution:
Additional Example 2:

Solution:
Additional Example 3:

Solution:
Additional Example 4:

Solution:
 Exercise Set
1.1:N u m b e r s
State whether each of the
following numbers is prime, 6. (a)  (b) 0.6 (c)
composite, or neither. If 1.3 4
composite, then list all the
factors of the (d) (e) − (f) −
number. 4.7 5
1. (a) 8 (b) (g) 3.1 (h) −10 (i) 0
5 (c) 1
(d) −7 (e) 12 7
(j) 9 (k)
0.03003000300003…
2. (a) 11 (b) −6 (c) 15
(d) 0 (e) −2 Circle all of the words that
can be used to describe
each of the numbers below.
Answer the following. 7. 9

3. In (a)-(e), use long division to change the Even

following fractions to decimals. Odd
Positive
1
(a) 2
Negative
9
(b) Prime9 (
(d) 4 9 5 Composite c
(e) 9
Natural )
Whole
Integer Undefined
3
Rational 9
Irrational
N 9
Real
o
8. 0.7
t
e
:

Notice the pattern above and use it as a

shortcut in (f)-(m) to write the following
fractions as decimals without performing
long division.
6
(f) (g) 7
(h) 8
9 9 9
(i) 9
10
9 (j) 9
(k) 14 9

(l)
9
25 9
Note: = 2
6
9 3
(m) 29 Undefined

4. Use the patterns from the

problem above to change each (d) 1.2 (e) 4.5 10.
of the following decimals to 7.6
either a proper fraction or a
mixed number.

(a) 0.4 (b) 0.7

2.3

MATH 1300Fundamentals of Mathematics 23

 Exercise Set
1.1:N u mOdd
Even
bers Positive Negative
Integer Rational Irrational Real
−4 Prime Composite Natural Whole
Undefined
7

Answer the following.

State whether each of the following
numbers is rational or irrational. If 11. Which elements of the set
rational, then write the number as a
ratio of two integers. (If the number is {−8, − 2.1, − 0.4, 0, 7, π , 15
, 5, 12 } belong
already written as a ratio of two
integers, simply 4

rewrite the number.) to each category listed below?

3 (a) Even (b) Odd

5. (a) 0.7 (b) 5 (c) 7
(c) Positive (d)
Negative
16 (e) Prime (f)
Composite
(d) −5 (e) (f) 0.3 (g) Natural (h)
Whole
2.3 (i) Integer (j) Real
(g) 12 (h) (i) e (k) Rational (l)
3.5 Irrational
4 (j) (m) Undefined
− (k) 0.04004000400004...

24 University of Houston Department of

Mathematics
 12. Which elements of the set 19. Find a real number that is not a rational number.
{−6.25, − 4 3
, − 3, − 5, −1, 2 , 1, 2, 10 }
4 5
20. Find a whole number that is not a
belong to each category listed below? natural number.

(a) Even (b) Odd 21. Find a negative integer that is not a
(c) Positive (d) Negative rational number.
(e) Prime (f) Composite
(g) Natural (h) Whole 22. Find an integer that is not a whole number.
(i) Integer (j) Real
(k) Rational (l) Irrational 23. Find a prime number that is an irrational number.
(m) Undefined
24. Find a number that is both irrational and odd.
Fill in each of the following tables. Use “Y” for yes if
the row name applies to the number or “N” for no if it Answer True or False. If False, justify your answer.j
does not.
25. All natural numbers are integers.

13. 26. No negative numbers are odd.

2 5
5 1 3 − 13.
0 5
10
3 27. No irrational numbers are even.
5
Undefin
ed 28. Every even number is a composite number.
Natural
Whole
Integer 29. All whole numbers are natural numbers.
Rational
Irrationa
l 30. Zero is neither even nor odd.
Prime
Composi
te 31. All whole numbers are integers.
Real

32. All integers are rational numbers.

14.
0 2 2 33. All nonterminating decimals are
2. = 2 7 9=
36 0 3 irrational numbers.
5
Undefin
ed 34. Every terminating decimal is a rational number.
Natural
Whole
Integer
Rational
Irrationa
l Answer the following.
Prime
Composi
te 35. List the prime numbers less than 10.
Real

36. List the prime numbers between 20 and 30.

Answer the following. If no such number exists, state 37. List the composite numbers between 7 and 19.
“Does not exist.”
38. List the composite numbers between 31 and 41.
15. Find a number that is both prime and even.

16. Find a rational number that is a composite

number. not a whole number. 18. Find a prime number that is
negative.
17. Find a rational number that is
39. List the even numbers between and .
40. List the odd numbers between and .
Fill in the appropriate symbol from the set { <, >, = } 58. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following
. numbers. If undefined, write “undefined.”
(a) 3 (b) −4 (c) 1
41. 7 7
(d) 2
3 (e) 2 73

42. 3 3
59. Find the multiplicative
inverse of the following
numbers. If undefined,
9
write “undefined.”
43. − 7 −7 (a) −2 (b) 5
(c) 0
(d) 3 15 (e) −1
44. 3 −3 −

60. Find the additive

45. 81 9
inverse of the following
numbers.
9
If undefined,
write “undefined.”
46. −5 − (a) −2 (b) 5
(c) 0
25 3
(d) 15 (e) −1
53
47. 5.32
10 61. Place thethe
each of correct number in
following
7 blanks:
48. .7 (a) The sum of a number and
its additive
0
49. 0

100
1 1
50. correct number.)
6 5 62. Another name for the
1 1 multiplicative inverse is the
51. − − .
3 4
1 1 Order the numbers in each set
52. − − from least to greatest and plot
6 5 them on a number line.
(Hint: Use the approximations ≈
53. 15 4 1.41 and
≈ 1.73 .)

54. 7 ⎧ 0 9 ⎫
49 63. −1, − 2, 0.4, , − , 0.49
⎨ ⎬


5 4
⎩ ⎭
55. −3 − 9
⎧− 2 ⎫
3 
64. ⎨ , 1 , 0.65 , 3 , −1.5 , 0.64 ⎬
56. 29 5 ⎩ ⎭
Answer the following.

57. Find the additive inverse of the following

numbers. If undefined, write “undefined.”
(a) 3 (b) −4 (c) 1
(d)  23 (e) 2 37