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Index
acoustic space, 151, 224, 225
see also aural/ity; theatre phone
Adam, Adolphe, 111
Ader, Clément, 214, 215, 226
Aelian, 47, 50
Agamemnon, 35
Agave, 34
age of participation, 134
Agrarianism, 184
Ajax, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29, 31, 33
see also Nauplius; Heron of
Alexandria
Alterbauers, Janis, ix, 18
Albrecht, 112–13
Aldebaran Robotics, 234
see also Social Robotics
Alice in Wonderland, 203
alienation, 122
Aluotto, Sérgio, 141
American Civil War, 55, 56, 59 65,
184
American identity, 183, 184, 185, 186,
194, 195
see also pleasure gardens
American Philosophical Society, 177
analogue, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20,
33, 105, 119, 133, 134, 136, 137,
138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 146,
148, 151, 198, 211, 227
anatomy lessons, 161
Antigone, 34
Antigonus, 45
anxieties (cultural), 1, 120–1, 123, 243
Appia, Adolphe, 8, 18, 36, 74, 76,
77–80, 81, 84, 85, 86–7,
90–1, 92
see also Mariano Fortuny
arabesque, 113
Aristotle, 3, 30, 32, 38, 41, 45, 47, 52,
179, 243, 247
Arrius, 45
261
Artaud Method, 152
Artaxerxes, King, 43, 47, 52
artificial intelligence, 11, 134, 232,
233, 240, 243, 247
see also robots; Social Robotics;
automata
Ascot, 203
Athena, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 37, 46
Athenaeus, 32, 46, 47, 51, 53
Athina, Active Thinking Interactive
Automaton, 244–6
see also Social Robotics
Audile technique, 224
aural/ity, 5, 10, 141, 144, 148, 149,
150, 154, 156, 222, 228, 231
see also acoustic space; binaurality
aural eroticism, 222
Auslander, Philip, 227, 231
automaton/automata, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15,
16, 18, 21, 32–3, 35, 36, 38, 41,
45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 70, 72, 127,
131, 233, 236, 240, 247
see also Heron of Alexandria;
mechanical; mechanical
elephants; robots; Social
Robotics
avatar, 147, 155, 239
Bacchae, 34
Bähr, Hugo, 78, 92
Bakalos, Yiorgos, 141
Balfe, Jane, 128–9
ballet, 97–116
ballet blanc, 113
see also ballet; dance
Barba, Eugenio, 103
Barón-Nusbaum, Brandin, xiv, 7,
73–93
Bataille, Georges, 3, 12
Battle Pictures, 56
see also panoramas
262 Index
Baudrillard, Jean 59, 60, 66, 70, 71
see also Disneyland
Bayreuth, 77, 80, 84, 85, 86, 87, 92
Beacham, Richard, xiv, 5, 6, 15–39, 56
belly dance, 69
see also Little Egypt
Bender, Thomas, 184
see also agrarianism
Bertocci, Paola, 161, 178
binaurality, 224, 226
see also aural/ity
Birmingham Theatre Royal, 208
Birringer, Johannes, xiv–xv, 5, 9,
133–58
bluetooth-enabled smartphones, 225
body/ies, 8, 9, 35, 105–6
bodies as machines, 8, 105, 118–20,
124–5
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 233
Booth, H.S.J., 218
Booth, Michael, 100, 115
Bowdoin, James II, 176
Bratton, Jacky, 111
bread and circus, 122
Breazeal, Cynthia, 234
see also Social Robotics
Brewster, David 209, 210, 213
Brockett, Oscar 7, 36, 73
Brothers Grimm, 97
Brown, John Russell, 73, 91
Brown, Trisha, 133, 135, 156
buffalo/es, 59–60, 61, 67
Buffalo Bill, see William Cody
Bull, Michael, 225
Buntline, Ned, 55, 56
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 60
Burke, John, 59
Burt, Ramsay, 117, 118, 130, 131
Butoh, 138, 142, 144, 150, 152, 154
Cadmus, 34
Čapek, Karel, 232
see also robots
Carnegy, Patrick, 73, 74, 79, 80, 83,
86, 88, 90, 91
Carter, William C., 220
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 78,
92
Chaplin, Charlie, 124–5
Chapple, Freda, and Chiel Kattenblat,
211
Chemers, Michael, xv, 232–49
choreography, 111, 113, 116, 133, 135
136, 138, 140, 141, 153, 158, 224
chroma-key technology, 210
cinema, 135–6, 142, 209, 214, 227,
228, 231
Claudius, 21
Clément, Catherine, 114, 116
clockwork-self, 11, 232, 247
see also automata
Clockwork San Diego, 235, 238
see also automata
clog dancing, 123–4, 131
clowns, 99, 103, 114
see also pantomime
Cody, William ‘Buffalo Bill’, 7, 54–5,
57–60, 61, 62, 63, 65–7, 68,
69–70, 71, 72
Collins, Harry, 166
colossal monster, 105
Columbian Gardens, Baltimore, 187
see also pleasure gardens
Columbus, Christopher, 67–8, 189
Comtesse de Béarn, 85, 86, 87, 88,
89, 90–1
Comédie-Français, 216, 217
Concerts Colonne, 217
Coralli, Jean, 111
conductors, 168, 181
Counter-Reformation, 228, 232,
238–9
counterweight, 17, 22, 23, 25, 27,
28, 31
cowboys, 54, 58, 59, 62, 64, 66, 67
Craig, Edward Gordon, 8, 80
crane, 19, 37
Ctesias, 7, 40–43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49,
50, 52, 53
see also mechanical elephants
Cunningham, Merce, 133, 156
Curtin, Adrian xv, 5, 10, 102, 214–31
Custer, General, 60–1, 64–7
Custer, Libbie, 65–7
cyborg, 100, 105, 247
Cyclorama, 7, 18, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30,
35, 68, 73, 84, 93
see also Mariano Fortuny

Daedalus, 46
dance, 8–9, 15, 61, 64, 79, 104, 105
see also ballet; ghost dance
dancer’s body, 105–7
Danjoux, Michèle, 139, 140, 147, 156,
157
d’Aulnay, Madame, 97
Davies, Owen, 208–9, 212
Deadwood Stage Coach, 55, 59, 63,
64, 67
Debord, Guy, 6, 12
Delsarte, François, 56, 59, 62–3, 70
de Osma, Guillermo, 74, 83, 84, 86,
87, 88, 91
Desaguiliers, Jean Theophilus, 165–6,
168, 179
Descartes, René, 165
deus ex machina, 1, 20
Dickens, Charles, 202
Diego de Alcalá, 238
digital, 3, 9, 11, 133, 134, 135, 136,
138, 139, 140, 142, 146, 149,
151, 153
digital performance, 1, 2, 3, 5, 133,
156, 157
Dio, 15
Diodorus Siculus, 43, 44, 45, 47, 52
Dircks, Henry, 198, 199, 204, 208
Dircksian Phantasmagoria, 198
Disneyland, 59
Dodgson, Charles (Lewis Carroll),
203
dolphins, 19, 24, 29
see also Heron of Alexandria
Don Carlos, 237, 239, 248
Downie, Marc, 135, 156
Drama of Civilization, The, 54–8, 61,
65–70, 71
Draycott, Jane, 220–1, 230
Drummond, Thomas, 205
Drury Lane, 98, 103, 107, 110
Dunlap, William, 183
Earl’s Court Entertainment Grounds,
218
Edison, Thomas, 138
Edward VII, King, 221
Egusquiza, Raimondo, 77–8, 80, 92
Ekphrasis, 34, 56
Index 263
electrical communication, 167
see also electricity; Leyden Jars
electrical conductivity, 167
see also electrical communication;
electricity; Leyden Jars
electrical experimentation, 161–82
electricity, 2, 9, 10, 214, 216, 226
see also electrical experimentation
electric lighting, 80, 81–2, 84, 184,
195
Electrophone company, 218
see also theatre phone
Electrophone salon, 218
see also theatre phone
Electrophone table, 218
see also theatre phone
Ellsler, Fanny, 107, 108, 109
empathy, 241–3
Engelberger, Joseph, 232–3
English Civil War, 174
Enlightenment 1, 9, 161, 162,
174, 177, 178, 179, 180,
181, 235
epistemology, 3
erotic, 121
Euripides, 33, 34–5
Eusebius, 42
extra-daily, 103
fabulae, 16, 47, 49, 51
fabulation, 67
factory, 8, 119–20, 123, 124,
128, 129, 145
Fairyland, 8, 97, 100
Faraday, Michael, 166, 180
fascism, 118
Fauser, Annegret, 226
feeling of belief, 54, 59, 63, 67, 70
Fewster, Russell, 210–11
fireworks 10, 184, 191–2, 197
see also pleasure gardens
First World War, 1
Fitzgerald, Percy, 100, 102, 105
Ford, Henry, 120
Forsythe, William, 151
Fortuny, Mariano, 7–8, 73–93
Fortuny dome, 7, 73, 84–6, 87,
88–90, 93
Foucault, Michel, 127, 130
264 Index
Four Little Sunbeams, 119
see also Tiller Girls
Franklin, Benjamin, 162, 171–2, 174,
175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 184,
233
Fribault, Monsieur, 206
frontier demonstrations, 57
Fuller, Loïe, 139
Garbo, Greta, 222
Gastev, Aleksej Kapitanovich, 136–8,
141, 149, 157
Gautier, Théophile, 111
Gellius, Aulius, 40
Genga, Girolamo, 17
gesamtkunstwerk, 78
ghost dance, 61
Giannachi, Gabriella, 2, 3, 11
Giselle, 111–14, 116
Gitelman, Lisa, 4, 11
gladiatorial shows, 21
globalism, 2
Goodall, Jane, 120–1
Gordon, Terri J., 128
Gray, Stephen, 167, 168, 170, 171,
173, 180, 181
Gray’s Ferry (Philadelphia), 186
see also pleasure gardens
Greenaway, Helen, 99
Grisi, Carlotta, 107, 111, 115, 116
Guattari, Félix, 3
Hamilton, Alexander, 184
hammer, 4, 19, 22, 23, 136, 137, 141,
149
hanamichi, 138, 139, 141, 142, 145,
146, 148
see also Ukiyo
Harlequinade, 101, 103
Harrogate (Philadelphia), 186
see also pleasure gardens
Hauksbee, Francis, 165
Hegemony, 2, 18
Hellanicus, 40, 52
Heller, Herman, 123
Hellerau, 18
Herodotus, 40, 41, 42, 45, 52, 53
Heron of Alexandria, 5, 6, 15–39, 56
see also automata; mechanical
elephants; robots; Social Robotics
Hijikata, Tatsumi, 138
Hiller Girls, 128
Hippolytus, 34
historiography, 6, 7, 41–2, 51, 71
Hitler, 128
Hokusai, 138, 157
Holtcamp, Victor, xv–xvi, 7, 54–72,
190
Homer, 40, 52
horizon of expectation, 99
hot air balloons, 10, 184, 193
see also pleasure gardens
Huhtamo, Erkki, 2, 11
Hyginus, Gaius Julius, 16, 17
immersive, 141, 162, 224
see also age of participation
Indians, (show-Indians), 54, 58, 60,
61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71
see also William Cody
Industrial Revolution, 8, 205
industrialization, 97, 118, 123, 135
insulators, 168, 181
interactivity, 133–4, 148, 150, 153,
158, 163
interfaces, 11, 12, 133, 134, 148, 152
intermedial/ity, 17, 33, 34, 35,
56, 198, 205, 209, 211,
213, 227
ipad, 11
iphone, 235, 244
ipod, 11, 225, 229
Isobe, Katsura, 140, 145, 148, 155
Jackson, Michael, 234
Jefferson, Thomas, 184
Jerz, Dennis, 3, 12
Johnson, Odai, xvi, 7, 40–53, 173,
181, 182
Jones, Bill T., 133, 156
Jones, Inigo, 18, 36
Junko, Muto, 138, 157
Juvenal, 40
kabuki, 138, 144, 146
Kandinsky, 136

Kattelman, Beth A., xvi, 104,
198–213
Kawamura, Tadeshi, 211
Keightley, Thomas, 99
Keill, John, 165
kinaesonics, 138, 153
Kindle, 11
King, Elizabeth, 238
Kinnersley, Ebenezer, 172–6
Kismet, 234
Klee, Paul, 2
Klezt, Ernst Benedickt, 78
Kracauer, Siegfried, 8, 117–18, 121–3,
126–8, 130, 131, 132
see also mass ornament
Laban, Rudolph von, 136, 141
lamps, 187–8
see also pleasure gardens
Lang, Fritz, 145
La Scala, 83, 84, 90, 92
Lee, Ray, 142
Leno, Dan, 100
Leroi-Gourhan, André, 4, 12
lever, 26, 102, 124
Leyden Jars, 167, 170, 181
see also electrical experimentation
Lightman, Bernard, 199
limelight, 205
Little Cairo, 69
Louis XIV, 106
Lucian, 40, 41, 42, 45, 52
Luther, Martin, 239
McCarren, Felicia, 116, 120, 130,
135–6, 157
McKenzie, Jon, 5, 12
McLuhan, Marshall, 3, 5, 12, 124,
131
MacCannell, Dean, 102–3
macchine, 191
MacDonald, George, 97
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 240, 241–2
MacKaye, Percy, 62, 65, 69, 71
MacKaye, Steele, 7, 51, 54–9, 60,
61–4, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69–70,
71, 72
Madison Square Garden, 7, 63, 65
Madness of Heracles, 34
Index 265
magic lantern shows, 199, 208–9,
212
see also Pepper’s Ghost
manichors, 47, 50
see also satyrs
manifest destiny, 7
Manning, Erin, 136
Marclay, Christian, 143
Marey, Ètienne-Jules, 9, 135
marionettes, 33–4, 38
Martin, Benjamin, 164
Marvin, Carolyn, 2
Marx, Leo, 183, 185, 186
Marx, Karl, 125
Masonna, 142
mass ornament, 8, 117–18, 120,
121–3, 127, 128, 130
see also Siegfried Kracauer
Mayer, David, 101, 115
mechanical 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 17, 19, 20,
31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 105, 121,
123, 127, 130, 135, 141, 142,
157, 184, 190, 209, 238,
239, 240
see also automata; mechanical
elephants; Heron of Alexandria
mechanical elephants, 1, 7, 40–53
see also automata; Heron of
Alexandria; mechanical
mechanical snail of Demetrius of
Phalerum, 41, 46, 47
see also automata
media, 2, 4–5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 17, 76, 81,
97, 131, 134, 136, 144, 151, 154,
156, 157, 158, 189, 210, 211,
213, 225
mediation, 133, 147, 155, 224, 226,
227, 228, 231
mediatize, 226, 227
Medici, Cosimo de’, 17
medicine, 161
Mee, Arthur, 217
melodrama, 99–100, 111–12, 113, 114
Met, The, Live in HD, 227, 228, 230,
231
Metropolis, 145
microscope, 4
Milbank, Carolyn, 74
military displays or drills, 119, 126
266 Index
mimesis, 3, 12, 55, 64, 243, 247
Minerva, 190
mise-en-scène, 18, 49, 58, 79, 80, 81,
85, 90, 92, 139, 216, 224
Misme, Anne-Laure, 143, 145, 146,
148
modern girl, 8, 117, 118, 130
see also Tiller Girls
Modern Times, 124–5, 128
modernity, 10, 97, 99, 100, 112, 130,
227, 230
Moncrieff, William Thomas, 112
monocoli, 40, 47
see also satyrs
monster, 48, 123, 243
Morgan, Matt, 9, 56–7, 58, 59, 63
see also panoramas
Mortimer, Cromwell, 167
mp-3 player, 225
multimedia, 135
Murphy, Ciara, 9, 161–82
music hall, 123, 128, 203, 206, 218
Muybridge, Eadweard, 135, 136
Myrta, Queen of the Wilis, 112–13
NAO robot, 234
National Socialism, 122–3
Nauplius, 17–20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 36
see also Heron of Alexandria
Nero, 15–16, 21, 36
Neroni, Bartolmeo, 17
Newey, Katherine, 4, 8, 97–116
Newton, Issac, 165, 167
Newtonians, 165, 166, 179
Nollet, Jean-Antoine, Abbé Nollet,
165, 166, 169, 170–1, 173
Nysa, 46
Obama, 183
objects, 167, 168, 188, 233
see also performing objects
Odyssey, 35
Oenslager, Donald, 79, 92
ontology, 3, 8
Open Reel Ensemble, 142
Opéra, 217
optical, 198, 200, 202
see also Pepper’s Ghost
Orientalism, 76
Paik, Nam June, 143
painting, 34–5, 39, 56–7, 58, 59, 64–5,
66, 76, 77, 78, 81, 83, 87, 110,
114, 188–9, 191, 213
see also panorama
Palais de l’Industrie, 214
panorama, 7, 56, 63, 66, 184, 188–9,
190, 195, 196
pantomime, 8, 15, 97, 98, 99–101,
102, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112,
114, 115, 119, 128, 129, 207
pantomime dame, 100–1
pantomime fairies, 8, 97–116
see also pointe shoes
pantomime transformation scene,
101, 103
Paris Opéra, 217
Parrika, Jussi, 2, 11
Parsifal, 77, 78
pastoral ideal, 185, 186
see also agrarianism; pleasure
gardens
pas de deux, 113
patents for theatre inventions, 104–5,
115, 202, 203, 204, 212, 213
patriotism, 186, 188, 191, 195
see also pleasure gardens
Pawnee Tribe, 60, 64
pay-per-listen, 217
see also theatre phone
pay-per-view, 217
Pelléas and Mélisande, 220
Pentheus, 34
Pepper’s Ghost, 10, 104, 198–213
Pepper, John Henry, 10, 198,
199–203, 204
performables, 58–9, 63, 66, 70
see also performing objects
performing history, 55, 70
performing objects, 6
Perrault, Charles, 97
Perrot, Jules, 111
Perruzi, Baldassare, 17
perspective 17, 83, 142, 189
phantasmagoria, 198, 208
phenomenology/phenomenological,
59, 64, 68, 70, 162
Philip II, King of Spain, 237, 238,
239, 248

Philon of Byzantium, 21, 37
see also Heron of Alexandria
Philostratus, 34–5
see also Heron of Alexandria
phonograph, 1, 138, 141, 149, 153,
157, 221, 224, 225, 226,
227, 231
see also theatre phone
Photius, 41, 42, 45
photograph, 1, 2, 9, 64, 74, 76, 84,
93, 128, 135, 137, 204, 213,
224, 226, 245
Pixelspaces Symposium, 134, 156
pleasure gardens, 9–10, 56, 183–8,
190, 192, 194, 195, 196
Pliny, 35, 46, 49, 50, 51
Plutarch, 41, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52
pointe shoes, 100, 105, 108–9
see also pantomime fairies
Polinière, Pierre, 165
Pollion, 41, 42, 45
Pony Express, The, 64
ports de bras, 112
Potheinus, 33
Powell, Michael, and Emeric
Pressburger, 109
power, 5, 48–9, 79, 103, 111, 124,
125, 128, 138, 63, 175,
176, 202, 207, 233, 236,
238, 243
pre-digital 3, 198
see also analogue
Prescott, William, 237
Priestly, Joseph, 176
prima ballerina, 105, 110, 111
primatology, 240–1
proscenium arch, 6, 17–18, 22, 30,
36, 68
Proust, Marcel, 74–5, 76, 219–21,
230
Prussian military drills, 127
public demonstrations (of electricity),
9, 164–6, 172
public dissections, 161
public sphere, 128, 130, 165
puppet, 38, 45, 46, 53, 188, 204, 240,
248
puppeteer, 38, 204, 236
Puskás, Tivadar, 214
Index 267
Qigong, 152
Red Shoes, The, 109, 111, 114, 116
Reformation, 232
Reilly, Kara, 1–12, 117–132, 228,
230, 247
remediation, 5, 12
Rich, John, 101
Riskin, Jessica, 165, 179, 181,
248
Robertson, Etienne Gaspard, 208
Robida, Albert, 225, 226
Robinson, Marc, 58, 71
robots, 233–5, 239, 240, 244–7
see also automaton/a;
performing objects;
Social Robotics
Rockettes, 128
Rohault, Jacques, 165
Romantic ballet, 97, 100, 105, 107,
108, 109, 111, 113, 114,
115, 116
Rood of Grace, 11, 235–8, 248
Royal Polytechnic Institute, 198, 199,
205, 212
Royal Society, 165, 166, 167, 170, 171,
177, 181
rural, 9, 56, 97, 183–6, 187, 191,
194, 195
see also pleasure gardens
Rural Retreat (Baltimore), 186
see also pleasure gardens
Ruskin, John, 98–9, 115
Sadler’s Wells, 112, 116, 143, 150,
156, 158
Sala, George, 104
Salsbury, Nate, 54, 69
Salter, Chris, 5, 12, 178
satyrs, 50–1, 53
see also monocoli; manichors
Savarese, Nicola, 103
scenery, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 67, 78, 80,
82–7, 90, 93
Schaffer, Pierre, 144,
Schaffer, Simon, 131, 162
Schechner, Richard, 103, 115
Schiffer, Michael Brian, 167
Schlemmer, Oskar, 135, 136
268 Index
Second Life, 148, 155
self-flagellation, 237–8
semiotics, 103
Semiramis, Queen of Babylon, 43, 44,
45, 46, 49, 52
see also mechanical elephants
Seneca, 15–16, 21
Serlio, Sebastiano, 17
S’Gravesande, Willem, 165, 166
shadow puppets, 188
see also puppets
Simmel, Georg, 118, 230
simulacrum/simulacra, 2, 7, 44, 45,
49, 51, 60
Sioux, 60, 64
Siri, iPhone voice, 235
Sitting Bull, Chief, Tatonka-i-Yotanka,
7, 60–1, 69
Sitting Bull’s horse, 61
Smith, Albert, 111
Smith, W.H., 183
Smithsonian Museum, 238
Soane, George, 112
social media, 2–3, 134
Social Robotics, 10–11, 232, 234,
244–7
see also robots; automaton/a
Sophocles, 16, 30, 36, 37
sound–motion, 9
sound objects (objects sonores), 144
soundscape, 10, 158, 223, 226
space, 2, 4, 5, 18, 34, 35, 57, 67, 79,
80, 82, 86, 97, 102–3, 136, 138,
139, 144–5, 146, 148, 151, 152,
153, 154, 155, 164, 167, 174,
177, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191,
195, 211, 223, 224–5
specimens, 167
spectacle, 8, 10, 20, 46, 48, 55, 63, 66,
67, 75, 99, 100–2, 113, 117–18,
122, 124, 128, 166, 168, 178,
179, 192, 193, 195, 199, 226,
228, 237
Spectatorium, 67–8, 69
speed, 2–3, 64, 109, 124, 125, 151,
152, 240
spiritualists, 10, 199
stagehands, 8, 63, 104, 207
Standing Rock Reservation, 61
Steele, Valerie, 74, 91
Steinmeyer, Jim, 201
Sterne, Jonathan, 224
Stiegler, Bernard, 3, 12
Strabo, 40, 41, 45, 52
Stubbs, Naomi J., 9, 56, 183–97
Suda, 43, 52
Suetonius, 21, 36
Sylphide, La, 113
sylphs of the Romantic ballet, 97–116
synaesthetic, 138, 154
Taglioni, Marie, 107, 109, 110, 115,
116
Taiwo, Olu, 141, 143
tape, 142, 143, 144
Taylor, Buck, 65
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 120
Taylorism, 120, 125, 135
techne, 3, 7, 45, 54, 227
technology, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 30, 37, 38, 41, 51, 54, 56, 63,
73, 79, 81, 83, 93, 97, 100, 105,
108, 109, 133, 134, 135, 136, 148,
153, 156, 157, 159, 162, 165, 167,
178, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 188,
189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196,
198, 205, 210, 211, 217, 221, 223,
225, 227, 228, 233, 234
see also technology of history
technology/ies of history, 41, 42, 47,
48, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63, 67, 70
telegraph, 2, 5, 55, 64, 123, 224, 227
telepresence, 2
telescope, 4
Theatre of Dionysus, 32, 37
theatre history, 1, 6–7, 10, 11, 12, 17,
40, 73, 80, 91, 116, 181, 232, 247
theatre phone, 1, 5, 9, 10, 102, 214–31
thunder houses, 174–5
see also electricity
thunder machine, 26
Tiller Girls, 8, 117–32
Tiller, John, 117, 119, 128
time, 2–3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 31, 34, 35, 47,
86, 87, 109, 145, 147, 151
real-time, 136, 148, 150
space-time, 151
time-motion, 135

tool, 4, 22, 70, 108, 124, 142, 146,
167, 208, 240, 243
Tosca, 219
tourism, 102, 223
toy theatre, 18, 20, 22, 28, 32, 33,
35, 37
see also automata; Heron of
Alexandria
tragedy, 243, 247
transfer of agency, 120–1, 123
transparency painting, 188, 189
see also panoramas
travel writers, 42, 51
triclinium entertainments, 33
Trimalchio, 33
Tristan and Isolde, 77, 83, 89, 92
Turk, the, chess-playing automaton,
233
see also automaton/a
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 69
Turriano, Juanelo, 238–9
UKIYO, Moveable Worlds, 133–58
urban, 9, 173, 183, 184–5, 191,
195, 196
Vauxhalll, Charleston, 187
see also pleasure gardens
Vauxhall, London, 184
see also pleasure gardens
Vauxhall, New York, 187
see also pleasure gardens
Venus, 46
Venus Electronificata, 175
see also electricity
Vernon, Doremy, 119, 125, 127, 130
Vernoy, Jules-Henri, 111
Victoria, Queen, 217
Victorian, 1, 8, 9, 98, 99–114, 115,
178, 198–9, 203, 208, 212,
214, 221, 229
Index 269
Vinyl, 144, 145
violence, 33, 99, 101, 113, 114
virality, 162, 168
Virilio, Paul, 6
virtuousity, 166
Vitruvius, 20–1, 31, 32, 38
Von Kempelen, Wolfgang, 233, 235
Wagner, Cosima, 77, 86, 92
Wagner, Siegfried, 85
Wagner, Wilhelm Richard, 73,
77–81, 82, 83–7, 90, 91, 92,
93, 220
see also Mariano Fortuny; Adolphe
Appia
Walkman, 225
Walsingham, Francis, 236, 239
Warren, Louis S., 60, 61, 71
Washington Gardens, Boston, 188
see also pleasure gardens
Waxwork, 10
Wearables, 136, 139–40, 144, 149,
150, 154, 156
Wild West Exhibition, 54, 55, 57,
59, 69, 71
Wilis, 109, 112–13
wonder-cabinet, 47
World’s Fair, The, 67, 69, 194, 197,
226, 231
worker, 8, 9, 100, 103, 118,
122–5, 135, 136, 137,
141, 143, 191
Xenophon, 32
Young Gentleman and Young Lady’s
Philosophy, The, 163–5
Zielinsky, Siegfried, 3, 11, 136, 137
Zipes, Jack, 97, 99, 114