1-2.

Globalization

3-4. Decoupling

5-6. Multi-polar world

7-8. International Monetary System

9-10. Economic Reforms

11-12. Capital Markets

13-14. Free-trade

15-16. Institutions

17-18. Adaptive institutions

19-20. Accountability

21-22. Transparency

23-24. Anti-trust laws

25-26.Digital Era

27-28. Bandwidth

29-30. Web

31-32. Digital Divide

33-34. Sustainable development

35-36. International Business

37-38. Trade

39-40. Foreign Investment

Test II. Essay Type(10 points each).

41-50. Health care costs, especially in the United States, have been skyrocketing in the recent
past. This has led to a new trend, “internationalization of health care services.” Countries as
diverse as India, China, Thailand, and Cuba have developed strategies to supply health care
services to patients in wealthy countries. What are the implications of this development to both
the developing and developed economies of the world? Describe who will benefit and who will
lose from this growing trend.

- In this time of pandemic, health care systems and health care services are very in demand
not only in less developed countries but also to most of the countries around the world. A
strategy to supply health care services to patients in wealthy countries is advantageous in
the parts of the developing countries since foreign exchange rates in wealthy countries
are much bigger compared to developing countries, it may increase the developing
country’s national revenues. However, it is quite disadvantageous in the parts of the
developing country since it will cause less employment to their countrymen. Most of the
developed countries would also prefer having workers from developing countries when it
comes to health care since they will also be able to give lesser rates to their workers than
the usual, aside of course from those health care workers who are not working in private
sectors.

51-60. Because of the rising price of food grains in the global market, the Argentine government
introduced a new sliding scale of export tariffs in early 2008 –up to 44 percent on grains and
cereals–which they say protects local prices from following record rises on international markets.
Argentine farmers staged a 21-day strike in March 2008 in protest. Why? Who are the
beneficiaries and the disenchanted? Discuss.

- Tariff implementation is good when it comes to the government, however if one of the
major sources of income from the farmers are coming from the purchasers abroad, then
tariff implementation would really burden the farmers. I do believe that those farmers
would never do such thing if and only if the support given by their government to their
sector would equate their needs, the protest may be caused by the trigger in their
livelihood, income and sales. Maybe the purchase from their own country cannot equate
the expenses they’ve incurred. The government will be benefited but the farmers would
 be disenchanted, since the taxes will be an additional revenue to the government and not
all, but most of the times there is an unequal distribution of resources from the
government. Tendency is that, those revenues will only fall to some corrupt politicians
and will not reach to those who are working hard in backbone of the society sector.

61-70. In pursuit of ethical international business practices, western retailers are trying to ensure
that supplies in the developing world meet international labor and environmental standards. Yet,
critics argue that this approach risks marginalizing those most in need of jobs. Explain what
each side of this argument means.

- Western retailers in pursuit of meeting objectives of managed trade and fulfilling

obligations towards socioeconomic rationale of managed trade are working on a key
commitment. When related to international trade, socioeconomics finds out the relative
negative effect of free trade on society’s welfare. It also explores the government policy
measures that are implemented to mitigate the negative outcomes to society in a given
country. One such form of managed trade is part of the socioeconomic rationale; namely
‘questionable labor practices’ – the subject of this discussion

71-80.As the global recession continues, China’s exporters are looking homeward and
threatening multinational enterprises operating in the country. What do you think is the likely
outcome?

- There will be conflicts as these recession continues because there is always a chain of
effects when it comes to globalization, may it be positive or negative. In this case, I
believe that there will be much more conflicts which would result to cutting of
connections between countries most specially those who are in a trade exchange
relationship with each other, which would of course affect also the people living in those
countries.
Test III. Point and Counterpoint(20 points): Should “Carbon Tariffs”Be Imposed upon
Greenhouse Gas-Producing Traded Goods?

In the aggregate, China Is the world’s emitter of greenhouse gases, primarily carbondioxide,
while the United States is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide on a per capita basis. The
countries of the European union fall somewhere in between. To controlglobal warming and
climatechange, there has been a worldwide movement to regulate greenhouse gases caused
by energy-intensive industries, such as the manufacturing of aluminum and other metals,
paper, chemicals, and cement.

The question is: Will the imposition of “carbon tariffs” in a particular country lead to unfair
competition?

Point. If an agreement can be reached on a global basis without exceptions, a WTO-

negotiated carbon tariff could lead to a reduction in worldwide demand for carbon dioxide-
intensive materials as well as a move from coal-fired power plants to greener alternative-energy
sources for electric power. Carbon tariffs could also lead to greater investment in research
and development to conserve energy and to find more efficient ways in the manufacturing
process so as to minimize green house gas emissions.

Counterpoint. By imposing a carbon tariff on the exports of greenhouse gas-emitting industries,

one would be exposing these firms to unfair competition from those that do not emit carbon
dioxide. Also, the output of these industries is so basic for life that the net reduction in their
demand may not have much impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, a carbon tariff may be
hard to implement. Customs officials would either need to assess the emissions embedded in
imports or make arbitrary assumptions –the latter being a recipe for trade war.

What do you think? Which view point do you support, and why? You can use the internet
to learn ore about this issue and come up with your own argument

- I personally believe in the first argument since it is true that only if the carbon tarrifs
would also be implemented not just in leading countries then it would not be unfair,
however I also do believe that these tariffs may reduce the demand of carbon producing
products in which in return would lessen the employment in one specific country, it
would lessen the revenues and could also add more expenses when it comes to research
and development and also in finding solutions on how to lessen the immision of carbon
dioxide.