Name: Gabriel O.

Gabuya
EE3-1
EE323 – Instrumentation and Control
Quiz 2
Process and Instrumentation Diagram; Open loop and Control loop system
1. Discuss open loop and closed loop system in a process and
instrumentation system.
Open Loop System
The system whose control action is free from the output is known as the
open loop control system.
In open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action
of the system. In other words, the system whose working depends on time is
known as the open loop control system. The open loop system is free from the
feedback.
The open loop system is simple, require less maintenance. Also, it is fast
in operation and very economical. But the accuracy of the system is less, and
it is less reliable.

Advantages
➢ Economical
➢ Generally Stable
➢ Convenient
➢ Simple in design and Construction
Disadvantages
➢ They are unreliable
➢ They are inaccurate
➢ Output results cannot be changed automatically
Closed Loop System
The closed-loop control system means the output of the system
depends on their input. The system has one or more feedback loops
between its output and input. The closed-loop system design in such a
 way that they automatically provide the desired output by comparing it
with the actual input. The closed-loop system generates the error signal
which is the difference between the input and output.
The closed loop system is more reliable and accurate. But this
system is very expensive and requires high maintenance.
Advantages of the closed-loop control system:
➢ The closed-loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence of
nonlinearities.
➢ The system is less affected by noise
➢ The sensitivity of the system may be made small to make the system more
stable.
➢ Highly accurate as any error arising is corrected due to the presence of a
feedback signal.
Disadvantages of the closed-loop control system:
➢ They have a complicated design
➢ Feedback leads to an oscillatory response.
➢ Expensive and requires more maintenance

2. Which of the two types of system is more favorable to use? Why?

Among the two types of system, the closed loop system is more reliable
and favorable to use. Most of the industries or business establishments used
it since it is more accurate and reliable as it corrects the output or results
without manually altering the input. It does have a feedback mechanism
wherein it sends a signal to the input whenever an abnormalities or
unexpected output happens. Moreover, the closed-loop system generates the
error signal which is the difference between the input and output.