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Systematic Review on Existing Systems of Criminal Investigation Tracker with

Suspect Prediction Algorithm & Criminal Records Management

Technical Report · May 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35471.10401

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 Systematic Review on Existing Systems of Criminal Investigation Tracker
with Suspect Prediction Algorithm & Criminal Records Management
RM Fernando1, ADAI Gunasekara2 and GAI Uwanthika3
1,2,3
Faculty of Computing, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
<Raveenmadurangafdo@gmail.com>1 <asela@kdu.ac.lk> 2<uwanthika.gai@kdu.ac.lk> 3
ABSTRACT
In the field of criminal investigation, there are no
perfect centralized database or tracking criteria for
crime investigation. This proposed system based on
managing criminal records and a Criminal
investigation tracker. The system will have all the
details about previous crimes. Those records will
helpful for investigating future cases & training the
new officers of law enforcement agencies. The system
will save the time of law enforcement officers and it
will speed up their entire process of investigation. The
criminal investigation tracker gives the current
investigation status of criminal cases with detailed
logs and predicts suspects. The proposed system will
keep detailed logs of a criminal case which includes a
criminal case summary, people who involved, disputes
that occur in the criminal case, past criminal history
of those who involved, evidence recovered from the
crime scene, and other extra details. The system will
identify the type of criminal case, allows admin to
update the investigation status of the current ongoing
investigations, upload more images of the crime scene,
evidence found on the scene, etc. The proposed system
will have a suspect prediction algorithm based on the
properties involved, type of criminal case,
relationships among involved persons, or other
considerable entities involved. The system will analyze
past cases & past criminal records of those involved
and based on the provided data, the system will
suggest suspected persons in a logical order. The
proposed system is designed to encourage
investigation teams to work collectively on criminal
cases and speed up the investigation process by
suggesting suspects in a logical order. This paper is a
small review of existing criminal management systems
and many technological and technical changes need to
be made for the existing systems.
KEYWORDS: Criminal Investigation, Proposed
System, Law Enforcement Officers, Suspect
Prediction Algorithm, Criminal Records
INTRODUCTION
Criminal records are one of the most sensitive and
highly confidential information in society. Criminal
records increasingly higher day by day and there is no
proper way or a perfect system to manage criminal
records in a more secure, effective, and confidential
environment. Tracking the criminal records is also a
very important thing for law enforcement agencies like
Police or CID. Sharing the current Status of the
Criminal record and the evidence gathered from the
crime scene will affect the success of the investigation.
Also predicting the suspect is another important thing
in criminal investigation(‘IJSRD - International
Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.
7, Issue 09, 2019 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613’, no
date). Criminal Records Management System and
Criminal Investigation Tracker with suspect prediction
algorithm is a forensic system that can help law
enforcement officers to check out or manage past
criminal records in the system and assists in keeping
touch with the patterns in crime scenarios. Criminal
Records Management System is also a criminal
database system in which the law enforcement officers
keep the records of criminals who have been already
in custody, most wanted, yet to be arrested, or escaped
from custody. The system keeps detailed logs of a
criminal case which includes a criminal case summary,
people involved in the criminal case, disputes that
occur in the criminal case, past criminal history of
those who involved, evidence that recovered from the
crime scene, the judicial decision for the particular
criminal case, and other extra details. The system
identifies the type of criminal case, allows the admin
to update the investigation status of the current
ongoing investigations, upload more images of the
crime scene, evidence found on the scene, etc. This
allows law enforcement officers or authorized persons
to check the investigation details and check into its
status online and update any information when needed.
Criminal Investigation Tracker provide suspect
prediction algorithm based on criminal on the type of
criminal case, witness, evidence gathered from the
crime area, crime location, properties involved,
relationships among involved persons, or other
considerable entities involved. The system will
analyze previous cases and previous criminal records
of those who involved and based on the provided data,
the system suggests suspected persons in a logical
order. The prediction is based on the suspect’s criteria,
prove case background, and court decision. The
prediction is generated after all the interrogations of
suspects are done by the law enforcement officers in
the interrogation area and the data is input into the
system database. The objective criteria itself have their
own weighted to be calculated beforehand compared
with another suspect involved in the same case(Veira,
Poulos and Veneris, 2019). Criminal activity being a
violation of the rules and regulation of a sovereign area
and crime is the major threat to the well-being of the
population, requires consistent, and effective
monitoring. For all these reasons, this proposed system
is developed. However, the Criminal Records
management nowadays is majorly done using manual
methods, which is, simply the use of pen and paper.
Therefore, these records can be misused by both who
have authorized to access these records as well as a
person who does not have authorized access. These
manual methods have created problems in some areas
like security, authenticity, storage, retrieval, and
exchange of information. This system is proposed as
two main parts one is the Criminal records
management system and the other one is Criminal
Investigation Tracker with a suspect prediction
algorithm. The scope of the suspect prediction
algorithm is to recognize suspects in an ongoing
criminal investigation. This proposed system also
provides criminal statistics on monthly basis for crime
prevention. Hence, this proposed system can facilitate
law enforcement officers and authorities to control
criminal activities in their area. In the other advantage
of the problem view, a law enforcement officer who
investigates the suspects to find the real criminal in a
case will interrogate the suspects and collect the
relevant data related to the criminal case, and then the
interrogate information is documented and filed then
stored in a confidential room. There can be situations
like lost files such as fire or flood resulting in loss of
the documented files. Therefore, the proposed system
is developed to prevent any kind of a loss of data and
keep track of or keep secure the data to be analyzed
better. The proposed system is designed to encourage
investigation teams to work collectively on criminal
cases and speed up the investigation process by
suggesting suspects in a logical order based on data
provided to the system. Using this system, the admin
can check out the past events from the System & get
all details about past crimes. Using this system Admin
can use previous crime reports to investigate future
cases. Admin will have to manually input all the details
about the criminal case into the system
(Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India et al.,
2017) ,(Nair et al., 2020).
There are four main objectives in this Criminal
Records Management and Criminal Investigation
Tracker with suspect prediction algorithm system. It is
clearly noted that the fourth objective is to require big
data analytics to make more accurate results about
criminal activities. The second objective is the main
component of this proposed system which is to
recognize the suspects by using an
algorithm(Awodele, 2015). The four objectives are:
o Manage Criminal Records
o Gives Criminal investigation tracker the
current investigation status of criminal cases
with detailed logs
o To develop a system that can predict the
suspects in a logical order based on analyzing
the gathered evidence
o Make a report about criminal statistics
monthly
There are a few limitations to this system.
o This proposed system access by law
enforcement officers and relevant authorities
only and cannot access the common people
because of that the criminal records are the
most sensitive and highly confidential
information.
o The suspect prediction algorithm is not 100%
accurate. All the related suspects will be
brought to the court for a court decision on the
criminal case. Besides, this proposed system is
to help an officer to make decisions based on
logical order in doing the crime within the
selected case to make further investigation and
investigate the crime properly.
o The data collection could not do since we are
undergraduates, law enforcement agencies in
Sri Lanka does not allow to access the
information of real criminal records.
.
In this paper, the first introduction to the proposed
system which includes a problem statement,
introduction, objectives, and limitations for this
proposed system. The second is the literature review.
In literature review provide an explanation about the
eleven related system or research about in the crime
investigation. Third Discussion, which includes
comments about the entire research work and present
analyse results of ten existing systems. Drawbacks.
Fourth conclusions, Conclusions about the
achievements of all the research reviewed. Lastly,
Future Work, which includes What are the possible
future research? i.e. directions for this individual records. Here in this web application a person who
proposed system. intends to file a complaint about some incident he or
she must register before logging into the system and
LITERATURE REVIEW once the system admin authenticates the user, then the
This Literature review section reviews the previous user can log in to the web application and file a
significant literature which describes how this complaint. This filled complaint will be received by
proposed system relates to existing researches and law enforcement agencies and officers can send a
existing systems. This Literature review creates a link message including the current status of the complaint
between this proposed system and existing systems. to the user who filed the complaint. Law enforcement
The literature review also highlights the key features, officers can use this system to manage criminal
pros, and cons of that has been already well established records. This web application helps law enforcement
and concluded systems as well as already published officers to find out the problems without coming to
research papers, journals, and articles about the their respective premises.
Criminal Records Management System and Criminal
Investigation Tracker with suspect prediction CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION SYSTEM WITH
algorithm (Saman and Haider, 2012). SUSPECT PREDICTION SYSTEMS
Criminal Investigation Tracker With Suspect
CRIMINAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Prediction(Ranftl, Alonso-Fernandez and Karlsson,
Crime Management System With Suspect Prediction 2015), This system is a criminal investigation tracker
Using Ahp Method(Ogunde, Ogunleye and Oreoluwa, with the suspect prediction that will ease the law
no date), Crime Management System with Suspect enforcement officer's work and speed up the
Prediction Using AHP Method is a proposed system investigation process, and track the current status of
that can manage criminal records and also it can ongoing criminal cases by predicting suspects based
predict suspects. This system helps law enforcement on previous records. Crime Investigation Using Data
officers to check out previous criminal cases from the Mining(Deshmukh et al., 2015), Criminal activities
system and helps in monitoring criminal scenes are increasing very rapidly in India because of that the
whether cases are increasing. PHP is the main existing techniques for crime investigation, law
programming language and MySQL is used for the enforcement officers have to waste more time to
database of this proposed system. The expected result recognize suspects and criminals. For solution for all
of this proposed system is law enforcement officers of that crime investigation process needs to be speed
can get a reliable suspect prediction. Online Criminal up. Considering the amount of information need to
Record Management System(Mishra, 2019), The main collect during an investigation, that data mining is a
purpose of this Online Criminal Record Management good approach. Data mining is a process of extracting
System is to computerized the existing manual system more useful information from a huge amount of data.
using computer software, satisfying the requirements Then that will be possible to identify suspects more
of all law enforcement officers so that criminal records easily. Criminal Investigation Tracker With Suspect
can be managed without any trouble for a longer Prediction(Desai, 2017), Crime investigation and
period with quick access to the proposed system. This suspect identification are the major concerns to the law
Online Criminal Record Management system enforcement agencies and they need methodologies to
maintains all computerized criminal records of all the predict suspects. Data Mining provides a suitable
cases filed about crime. The main objective of this technique for this concern. This paper proposes a
proposed system is to notify every law enforcement system which is to identify the criminal through the
officer about the release date of any criminal from statement with the victims to help the law enforcement
custody, including criminal details. In addition to that cases. This proposed system is highly dependent on
proposed system also provides the completed details eyewitnesses statements. Criminal Investigation
about any new rule or regulation that has been brought Tracker With Suspect Prediction(Nair et al., 2020),
or any major event going to happen in the area. This This paper proposes a criminal investigation tracker
system is mainly for the police stations to ease their that provides the ongoing current investigation status
work. The system provides better enhancement of law of criminal cases with detailed logs and predicts
enforcement agencies about their quality and suspects. The proposed system suppose to help
transparency. Crime Management System(Nagar, agencies like CBI, CID by suggesting suspects based
2019), This system is a web-based web application for on data that has been entered into the system by the
online complaining and management of criminal law enforcement officer. Crime Investigation System
(“LEITSC_Law_Enforcement_RMS_Systems.pdf,”n. ENUGU.pdf’, no date), This paper identifies the
d.), This paper suggested a criminal detection method challenges law enforcement agencies that seek to
that could help law enforcement officers to know the implement crime investigation tracking information
face of a suspect or a criminal. The method is a client- systems. This paper highlights the significant
server video-based face recognition investigation in importance of law enforcement agencies identifying
real. The method used face detection and tracking criminal records and then designing systems that
using Android mobile devices at the client-side and achieve the major tasks like needs of agencies end-
video-based face recognition at the server-side. For the users, data integration, Data transfer, customization,
server-side or face detection phase used a strong Viola- and confidentiality concerns are discussed. Another
Jones algorithm. The face tracking phase is done using most significant disadvantage, in the field of justice, is
the Optical Flow algorithm. Optical Flow will be the delay that is faced by court users which will
applied in the future methods with two core feature increase the cost of both time and money and results in
extraction criteria, Fast Corner, and Regular. longed court trials and crowded prisons. Hence this
proposed system designed will encourage law
ONLINE CRIMINAL TRACKING SYSTEMS enforcement officers to track criminal records and
Mobile Application For Criminal / Suspect facilitate timely delivery of court judgment. The
Investigation Tracking System(Johare, Hussin and system was implemented using the Access database
Jamaludin, 2011), In the field of criminal and Visual Basic 6.0.
investigation, finding evidence and leads can be very
hard and time-consuming for law enforcement DISCUSSION
officers, but technologies made easier, effective, and Perfect Criminal investigation with suspect prediction
much faster. The main objective of this proposed algorithm and criminal records management system
mobile application is to made investigators work easy will save the time of law enforcement officers and it
by tracking the criminal investigation details, and will speed up their entire process of investigation as
update them on crime location, keep them up to date well as the system will ease their work and also The
on evidence that gathered in the process of predicting system will analyze previous cases and previous
suspects in the region. Behavior Analysis And Crime criminal records of those who involved and based on
Prediction Using Big Data And Machine the provided data, the system suggests suspected
Learning.(Jha, Jha and Sharma, 2019), Criminal persons in a logical order. This proposed system also
activities are getting higher and become one of the provides criminal statistics on monthly basis for crime
major concerns in society. With the rise of criminal prevention. Hence, this proposed system can facilitate
activities every day, it is a bit difficult to investigate law enforcement officers and authorities to control
the cases by law enforcement agencies either because criminal activities. By referring to more existing
of less manpower or criminals are much smarter than research papers any person will be able to identify
knowing investigation criteria. Traditional methods of some existing criminal investigation systems and
investigation for law enforcement agencies take a managing systems, using techniques and technologies
longer time to predict suspects. Therefore, there is a that use to build those systems, main objectives of
method to analyze the previous crimes effectively in existing systems, advantages, and disadvantages. In
much lesser time, and predicting the places that crime order to get a clear idea about existing systems
will happen. Law enforcement agencies need a features, In this paper ten existing systems are
computerized systematic way for analyzing criminal analyzed considering their features and components.
records easily and predict suspects who part of that
crime. In this research paper, they have explained how
Big Data analytical approaches can be used to deal
with the above problems. Also in this paper discussed
various data collection techniques which include
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) along No Yes
with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Web 50% 50%
2.0. The last phase of this will be a prediction based on
gathered data and using Machine Learning to avoid
crimes that can happen and predict suspects early.
Computerized Crime Tracking Information
System(‘Michael - NIGERIAN POLICE, Figure 1. Existing Systems Having Criminal Investigation Tracker
 No
40%

Yes
60%

Figure 2. Existing Systems Having Suspect Prediction Algorithm

Yes
10%

Figure 6. Summary

No
90% Finally, there is no perfect Criminal Investigation
Tracker with Suspect Prediction Algorithm &
Figure 3. Existing Systems Having Complete Detailed Logs About Criminal Records Management System including
Previous Crimes criminal investigation tracker, suspect prediction
algorithm, details logs about previous crimes, and
criminal statistics report.
No
30%

CONCLUSION
The aim of this paper is to explore the problems in the
Yes existing criminal investigation systems and criminal
70% record management systems to come up with perfect
solutions for those problems. Nowadays each and
everything is getting computerized. non-computerized
criminal investigation and criminal management
Figure 4. Existing Systems Make Report About Criminal Statistics methods need skilled man-power and a lot of
paperwork. It is quite hard to refer to previous crime
details from non-computerized criminal records
storing methods. There can be lost criminal records
when using non-computerized methods to store
criminal records. To avoid all these problems there are
many systems that exist like mobile applications, web
applications. Most existing systems do not have the
capacity to manage tons of thousands of criminal
records and some systems are not up to date. When we
No compare criminal investigation tracking systems
100% various techniques and technologies are used to build
criminal investigation tracking systems. Features that
Figure 5. Existing Systems Having All Above Features available in those tracking systems differed from
 system to another system. Some tracking systems
provide a facility to check the current investigation
status of the complaints likewise some systems
provide online FAR complaints for users. AHP
method and Data mining methods are the most famous
when it comes for build a criminal investigation
tracking systems. When it comes to predicting
suspects algorithms use different criteria, some
systems depend highly on statements and some depend
on only gathered evidence and there is no logical
predicting of those predicting systems. This proposed
Criminal Management System will overcome most of
the limitations and drawbacks of existing systems
along with more features. In the end, there is no perfect
criminal investigation tracker with a suspect prediction
algorithm and criminal records management existing
system. In this study, we can recognize a few
limitations like share the current status of an ongoing
investigation, etc. This paper is a small review of
existing criminal management systems and many
technological and technical changes need to be made
for the existing systems.
FUTURE WORK
Further study of this area will increase the accuracy
and effectiveness of systems that have existed in law
enforcement agencies. In the end, In order to overcome
the limitations previously mention in this paper, we
proposed to enhance the features of existing systems.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Dr.ADAI Gunasekara, Ms. GAI
Uwanthika, Ms. JJRS Fernando, Dr.HL Premarathna
and all the individuals who helped to complete this
work.
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