Introduction to Health

Information System (HIS)

NEIL ALLEN ELQUINTO, RMT
FACULTY & PROGRAM COORDINATOR
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
CENTER FOR MEDICAL AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
 Lesson Intended Learning Outcomes
(LILO):

1. Discuss the role and function of a Health Information System

2. Enumerate the components of HIS
3. Identify the different sources of data for a HIS
OVERVIEW TO HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS : LITERACY
COMPUTER LITERACY
INFORMATION LITERACY
INFROMATION SYSTEM LITERACY
TYPES OF LITERACY

Computer Literacy – knowledge in computer

hardware and software applications.
Information Literacy – ability to recognize your
information needs.
Information Systems Literacy – knowledge of
how information systems work.
 WHAT INFORMATION TO USE?

Health information can help the clinicians to make

good strong decisions to provide proper patient
management

Information literacy
Elements of Information literacy -
Recognize

Describe the question your are trying

to answer.
The information needed by the
clinicians.
Elements of Information literacy -
Access

It can come in a variety of ways:

1. Population-based (Census,
Registration, Surveys)
2. Institution-based (Individual records,
Service Records)
Information literacy - Evaluate

Accuracy – is it the information you need?

Authority – is it credible?
Objectivity – supporting information
Currency – does the information updated?
Coverage – Is it complete? Is it available?
Information literacy - Organize

Organize the information gathered in

a way that provides clarity to the
question/cases.
Information literacy - Use

Last element of information literacy.

 you can use date and information to
answer and make better decisions.
Information System Literacy
Data/Information hierarchy and
health information system
components.
Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge vs.
Wisdom
Data – a thing, no Knowledge – application
meaningful of information to make a
relationship to decision or take an
anything else. Factual action.
 Information – Wisdom – if the expertise
formatted, filtered, is added in the
organised, structure knowledge.
interpreted and
summarized data.
Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge vs.
Wisdom
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information Systems

General term cover all three levels

Database – data level
Information storage and retrieval system –
information level
Knowledge system – knowledge level
Information Systems
Information systems makes a slow progress in
terms of health services.
Where it is located?
In-house – developed and managed in the
health care organization
Shared – developed and managed at the
vendor site
Turnkey system – developed by vendor,
installed and managed by health care
organization
Stand-alone – lack of information sharing.
Legacy system.
Information Systems

Information System
Information Systems
TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS:
Integration
Continuality
Standards
Consumer oriented
Health Information Systems
Clinical Information Systems – serving clinical
activities.
Hospital information system
Patient monitoring system
Nursing information system
Laboratory information system
Pharmacy information system
Computer based patient record
Others
Health Information Systems

It is where information systems meet

healthcare to help optimise the
acquisition, storage, retrieval and usage
of information in health and biomedicine.
 Types of Healthcare Information
Systems
Operational and tactical systems (WI, PM, LBGL)
Clinical and administrative systems
Subject and task based systems (Electronic
Medical/Health Records)
Financial systems (Billing, revenues)
 SIX COMPONENTS OF HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
❖Health Information Systems
Resources
❖Indicators
❖Data Sources
❖Data Management
❖Information products
❖Dissemination and use
 SIX COMPONENTS OF HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. Health Information Systems Resources
- these include the framework on legislation, regulation, planning, and
the resources required for the system to be fully functional. (e.g.
personnel, logistics support, financing, ICT, and the component’s
coordinating mechanism).
2. Indicators
- the basis of the HIS plan and strategy includes indicators and related
targets such as the determinants of health; health system inputs, outputs
and outcomes; and the health status.
3. Data Sources
- It is divided into two main categories: Population based and Institution
based.
 SIX COMPONENTS OF HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
4. Data management - it refers to handling of data,
starting from collection and storage to data flow and
quality assurance, processing, compilation and data
analysis.
5. Information products. – Data is transformed into useful
information that serves as an evidence and provides
insight crucial to shaping health in action.
6. Dissemination and use – HIS enhances the value of
health information by making it readily available to
policymakers and data users
 SIX COMPONENTS OF HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INPUTS – refer to the health information system resources.
PROCESS – it is a core indictors are needed as bases for
program planning, monitoring and evaluation.
OUTPUTS – refers to the transformation of data into
information that can be used for decision-making and to
the dissemination and use of such information.
 SIX COMPONENTS OF HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
❖Health Information Systems
INPUTS
Resources
❖Indicators
❖Data Sources PROCESS
❖Data Management
❖Information products
OUTPUTS
❖Dissemination and use
 DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES for HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. Demographic data – refers to the facts about the patient which
include age and birthdate, gender, marital status, address of
residence, race and ethnic origin. Information on educational
background and employment is also recorded along with
information on immediate family members to be contacted during
emergency.
2. Administrative data – includes information on services such as
diagnostic tests or out-patient procedures, kind of practitioner,
physician’s specialty, nature of institution, and charges and
payments.
3. Health risk information – records the lifestyle and behavior of a
patient and fact about his or her family’s history and other genetic
factors
 DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES for HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
4. Health status – refers to the quality of life that a patient leads which is
crucial to his or her health. This shows the domains of health which include
physical functioning, mental and emotional well-being, cognitive
functioning, and social functioning.
5. Patient medical history – gives information on past medical encounters like
hospital admissions, pregnancies and live births, surgical procedures, and
the like. It also includes previous illnesses and family history.
6. Current medical arrangement – reflects the patient’s health screening
sessions, diagnoses, allergies(especially on medications), current health
problems, medications, diagnostics or therapeutic procedures, laboratory
test, and counseling on health problems.
7. Outcomes data – present the measures of after effects of healthcare and
of various health problems. These data usually show the health care events
(e.g. readmission to hospital, unexpected complications or side effects)
and measures of satisfactions with care. Outcomes directly reported by
the patient after treatment will be most useful.
 Advantages of Health Information
Systems
DATA CENTRALIZATION: Health Information
System help to keep all data centralized
bridging geographical barriers as any
patients files can be accessed from any
hospital or clinic provided they are
connected to the central database.
 Advantages of Health Information
Systems
INCREASED EFFICIENCY: it is a result of
easy accessibility of the patient’s
information such as patient histories as
there is no need to wait for the physical
file to be brought. It is also eliminates some
clerical processes such appointment
reminders and laboratory result
notifications.
 Advantages of Health Information
Systems
SECURITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY: Health
Information Systems help improve the
security of patient health information as
they usually require authentication to be
accessed.
 Advantages of Health Information
Systems
STORAGE AND ACCESS CAPABILITIES: With
electronic files there is potential for
increased storage capabilities and the
files can be accessed by multiple sites at
the same time.
 Advantages of Health Information
Systems
INCREASED ACCURACY: Health
Information System can be built with the
ability to detect and flag results that seem
out of range or even life threatening drug
combinations. The detecting of abnormal
results can help with accuracy but does
not completely do away with human error
during data entry.
 Disadvantages of Health Information
Systems
COST: The biggest problem associated
with HIS is costly for many reasons there is
actual system, which in most cases needs
to be custom developed and this will
expensive, then there is hardware that will
be used to house the system that will also
run up the costs. Training costs.
 Disadvantages of Health Information
Systems
LEARNING CURVE: Some people are
resistant to change and even after the
training they might be hesitant to use the
new system as it might have a lot to learn