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English For Electrical Engineeringpdf
English For Electrical Engineeringpdf
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DRW - STTH
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR
Electrical conductor is any material that offers little resistance to the flow
of an electric current. The difference between a conductor and an insulator,
which is a poor conductor of electricity or heat, is one of degree rather than kind,
because all substances conduct electricity to some extent. A good conductor of
electricity, such as silver or copper, may have conductivity a billion or more times
as great as the conductivity of a good insulator, such
as glass or mica. A phenomenon known as
superconductivity is observed when certain
substances are cooled to a point near absolute zero,
at which point their conductivity becomes almost
infinite. In solid conductors the electric current is
carried by the movement of electrons; in solutions
and gases, the electric current is carried by ions.
Exercise
1. Property of any object or substance to resist or oppose the flow of an electrical
current is called ______________1.
2. Phenomenon displayed by certain substances that conduct electricity but
demonstrate no resistance to the flow of an electric current is called
____________2.
3. _____________ is the lowest temperature theoretically possible, characterized by
complete absence of heat (thermal energy).
4. __________, in chemistry, are homogeneous (uniform) mixtures of two or more
substances.
ELECTRIC INSULATION
Exercise
Find out the similar meanings from the text
1. Complete =
2. Positively =
3. Live =
4. Fundamental =
5. Seperated =
6. Particular =
7. Choose =
8. Meet =
9. Substantial =
10. Supply =
SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS PAST CONTINUOUS
We use the simple past to describe things that happened in the past and finished
at a specific time.
Example: He started the company in 1969.
They didn’t make a profit in the first year.
Did she work there in 1975?
We often use a time reference which refers to the finished event. E.g. yesterday,
last week, last night, three years ago, in 1969, in the first year.
Form
verb stem + ed
Question
Did I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they Arrive?
The verb to be
Positive and Negative
I/ he/ she Was Was not/ wasn’t
You/ they/ we Were Were not/ weren’t
Past continuous
Use ________ Was/Were + V(ing)
We use the past continuous to talk about:
Things which were happening at the time of speaking.
Example: I was trying to call Geoff Peters.
He wasn’t working today.
Exercise
Exercise
MICROSOFT
Thomas (live) in the small town of Brington. He (love) walking through the
beautiful forest that surrounded it. One evening, it (rain) , so he (take) his
umbrella and (go) for a walk in the woods. As he (walk) through the woods, he
(meet) an old man named Frank. Frank (tell) Thomas that if he (want) to become
rich, he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. When Thomas
(return) from his walk, he (think) Frank (be) foolish because Microsoft (be) a
computer stock. Everybody (know) that computers (be) just a passing fad. At any
rate, Frank (insist) that Thomas (be) wrong. While they (discuss) the stock, Frank
(draw) a wonderful graph of future possibilities. As Frank (draw) the graph,
Thomas (begin) thinking that maybe Frank (understand) stocks. While he (was) to
work, Thomas (decide) to buy some of these stocks. The next day, he (go) to the
stock broker's and (buy) $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock. That (be) in 1986;
today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than.
NUMBERS
II. Match these written numbers with the way they are read:
1. 60% a. one third
2. 3 ½ b. two fifths
3. 3.4 c. two point eight seven
4. 8.5% d. eight point five percent
5. 1/3 e. three point four
6. 2.87 f. sixty percent
7. 3/4 g. three and a half
8. 2/5 h. three quarters
III. Put these words and phrases into the sentences below:
times/multiplied by, divided by, minus, plus
1. Four________ eighteen equals twenty-two.
2. Seventeen ____________ thirteen equals two hundred twenty-one.
3. Ninety-six _________ four equals twenty-four.
4. Ten ________ nine equals one.
THE EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
1. Heat can be
a. Undesirable, e.g. motor
b. ……....... e.g. cooker
2. light
a. from incandescent conductor e.g. ….....……..
b. from ….....….. e.g. vapour lamp
4. current flowing in conductor ► ….....… round it. Magnetic field has three
applications:
a. ……....... e.g. relay
b. induce emf in another conductor e.g. …….....…..
c. …….....… e.g. motor
HAND TOOLS AND THEIR USES
Nowadays, the speed and productivity are very important, and therefore
many works in the workshop are being done with the power tools and machines.
However, any good craftsman knows that the quality result lies in the balance
between the handwork and machine work. In many cases during the
manufacture, the craftsman has to decide whether some operation will be done
with the hand tools or with the machine. Such decision should always be made
by considering which method is more efficient, which method you are adept to,
which methods produce better work and which method is cheaper.
Always use right hand tool for the job. This way
you get the best job with the least effort, the least
damage to the tool and the least danger to
yourself.
In some cases, hand tools are faster than
the machines. Of course, if many identical parts
need to be cut, hand tools are definitely slower.
But if you work on some unique project, it will
surely be easier to perform some operations with
the hand tools, rather than to waste time to set up and configure your machine.
One of the important advantages of hand tools is that they are cheaper
than the power tools, so if in your work you do not have a specific need for this
type of tools, it will be much more cost-effective to buy less expensive hand tool
and use it occasionally, than to buy an expensive power tool which will lay on the
shelf. Besides that, the hand tools are indispensable for the house maintenance.
Various jobs on the house are occasional, so it is not profitable to invest a lot of
money in various power tools. Another great advantage of hand tools is that they
are much safer than the power tools, and this is important for both craftsmen
beginners and for the amateurs, who use hand tools just for quick repairs.
Exercise
Hand tools can be divided into several groups:
Laying out tools – Measuring and marking tools
Impact or striking tools (hammers, mallets and sledges)
Twisting tools or fastening tools (wrenches and screwdrivers)
Woodcutting tools (wood saws, planes, wood chisels)
Metal cutting tools (dies, drills, files, punches, reamers, taps)
Holding tools (clamps, pliers, vises)
Safety equipment (goggles, gloves)
Grinding and sharpening tools
Finishing tools and abrasives
Tool storage & accessory containers
PASSIVE VOICE
Exercise
Change these sentences into passive voice
1. You must leave the message
The message must be left by you
2. The maintenance department regularly services the machine.
……………………………………………
3. You should wear protective clothing in the workshop
…………………………………………….
4. The mechanic wrote a report concerning the failure
………………………………………………
5. The mechanic is checking instrument for measuring
…………………………………
6. we will clean the workshop soon
………………………………
7. He bought a new fork lift for the factory
………………………………
8. You can improve your mechanical engineering knowledge by practicing.
……………………………………
9. The lecturer has devided material into two main classes
………………………………….
10. Office workers will use Electrician’s Safety Tools
Exercise
Describe the operation of the new speed trap by converting each of these
statements to the Present Passive.
APPLICATION LETTER
4. Body
The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs, explains why
the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant experience, and shows
how that experience would be useful if selected for the career opportunity.
5. Closing
Example: Yours sincerely,
6. Signature
Do not followed by punctuation
I recently graduated with a Strata one in graphic design, and the course includes product design
modules. Moreover, I have competed in several design competitions and won a gold medal in a
product design competition in Thailand last year, in which I designed a self- heating mug.
Details of this prize and other prizes that I have won are included in the enclosed curriculum
vitae.
I am looking forward to a positive reply from you. Thank you for your kind consideration and
time.
Yours sincerely,
Almira Aulia