CHAPTER 1

LINE GRAPH

Source: vectorstock.com

A. What is Line Graph?

A line graph is a display of information in the form of line that is used to show changes in
data from one period to another period. A line graph has two axes, namely the 'x' axis and
the 'y' axis. This graph is commonly used in statistics.
In the business world, line graph information is often used for financial reports that visually
show financial conditions weekly, monthly, or yearly. In addition, line graph can be used
to show changes in product prices, stock prices, as well as company’s earnings.

You can do the following thing with line graph:

• accurately track liquidity, cash flow, budget and expenses.
• set financial goals
• understand all financial data and metrics

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B. Common Words Used For Describing Line Graph

1. Verbs

Up Down
rise fall
jump drop
grow decline
climb decrease
increase go down
rocket plummet
soar plunge
leap Sink
Slip
back

2. Adjectives and Adverbs

Other
Big Change No Change Small Change adjective

Significant Consistent Slight Upward

Dramatic Steady Gradual Downward

Sudden Constant Marginal Overall
Substantial Modest
Sharp

Considerable

2
 Note:
To widen your vocabulary use, you can choose the adverb form of the above
adjective. Such as: Significantly, dramatically, suddenly, sharply, considerably,
steadily, gradually, slightly, constantly, and consistently.

3. Noun
Down Up Other Noun
decline increase peak
decrease rise fluctuation
drop growth
fall
slump

4. Fractions
74%- nearly three quarters/Approximately three quarters
23%- Nearly one quarter/almost a quarter
51%- just over a half
34%- just over a third
39% - just under two fifths
3%- a small fraction
5. Proportions
80%- a large/significant fraction
73%- a large/significant proportion
16% a small minority/proportion
3%- an insignificant minority/portion

3
C. Example of Describing Line Graph

https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-line-graph-vocabulary/

The description for the above line graph is:

Source: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-line-graph-vocabulary/

Note:
When you want to presenting data in line graph, you do not need to read all the data one
by one. Thing that you should say is the conclusion that the data present.

4
D. How to Describe Line Graph
You can do the following steps in analyzing and resenting you line graph data:
1. Give simple introduction. Tell the audience what data is presented by the line
graph.
2. Tell the major trend of the line graph
3. Always put the time and the number of the data to support your explanation.

E. Exercise
Look at the following graph. Present the data to your classmates.
1. The duration of teaching experience of Lecturers at Politeknik Negeri Batam who are
interested in having English Training.

Quantity
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2 years - <5 years 5 years - <10 years 10 years - <15 years 15 years - 20 years

2. The lecturers’ English proficiency level at oliteknik Negeri Batam

Quantity
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Accounting Managerial Business International Secretary
accounting administration logistics

5
 CHAPTER 2
BAR CHART

Source: vectorstock.com

A. What is Bar Chart?

A bar chart is a chart or graph that presents the category of information in the form of a
rectangular bar with a height or length proportional to the value it represents. Bars can be
made vertically or horizontally.
Bar chart shows comparisons between certain categories. One axis shows the group which
is being compared, and another axis shows the measured value.
In business, bar charts can be used to provide information on the price of an asset or
security moving over a certain period of time. In addition, these charts can be used to
monitor price movements, which helps in trading decisions. Like line charts, bar charts
can also be used in financial analysis to display data.

B. Common language Used to Describe Bar Chart

Comparatives and superlative is widely used in describing this chart as you are going to
compare between one category to another category. Look at the following adjective table:
1. One Syllable Adjective: add –er ending for comparative; and –est ending for
superlative.

6
 Adjective Comparative Superlative
Big Bigger Biggest
Low lower lowest
High Higher Highest
Small Smaller Smallest
large larger largest

2. More than one syllable adjective: add more before the word for comparative;
and most for superlative.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
expensive more expensive most expensive
important more important most important
interesting more interesting most interesting

Note: article the is always used in superlative degree.

3. Non-reguler adjective.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
good better best
far further/farther furthest/farthest
many more most
little less least
bad worse worst

7
C. The Example of Describing Bar Chart

Source: https://foxhugh.com/charts/describe-bar-charts/

The description for the above Bar Chart is:

Source: https://foxhugh.com/charts/describe-bar-charts/

D. How To Describe Bar Chart

You can refer to the following step in presenting your bar chart:
1. Look at your data. You should understand it.
2. Group the data that has similarities.
3. Tell the important data only. You are not going to read all data presented in the bar
chart.
4. Tell the audience which category is the highest/lowest data.
5. Tell the audience major difference among the categories.

8
E. Exercise
Look at the following bar chart. Present it in front of your classmates.

1. Food preference of students at Business Management Department

Quantity

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

2. The candidates for Business Management Contest 2021

Quantity
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Accounting Managerial Business International Secretary
accounting administration logistics

9
 CHAPTER 3
PIE CHART

Source: 123rf.com
A. What is Pie Chart
A pie chart is a circular graph that is divided into sections to demonstrate numerical
proportions. Each slice the pie chart shows the quantity/proportion of section it represents.
This chart illustrates how many quantities of one data element, the bigger the slice, the more
data for that element. Pie chart is also very widely used in the business world as this chart
can easily show the most popular and least popular data.

B. Common Language Used to Describe Pie Chart

1. Introducing the graph

 The pie chart shows information on ….
 The chart provides information about …
 The above chart explain about …
 The pie chart describes ….
Note: You can also use others verbs such as give, illustrate, compare, draw to introduce
your chart.

10
2. Useful phrases
All fraction and proportion phrases given in chapter 1 can also use in describing a pie
chart.
73-74%- nearly three quarters/Approximately three quarters
23-24%- Nearly one quarter/almost a quarter
51%- just over a half
67%- just over two third
19% - just under one fifth
1-3%- a small fraction
80%- a large/significant fraction
73%- a large/significant proportion
16% a small minority/proportion
3%- an insignificant minority/portion
3. Useful Expressions
Here are some examples of how to arrange your word for describing large portion in pie
chart:
It is clearly seen that Young learners get the largest fraction of the social media users,
while kids is the smallest.
The Sales of our new product stood at 56% in June 2021.
It is nearly a third = the percentage is around 60%
It is over a half of ……. = the percentage is around 51-54%

Here are some examples of how to arrange your word for describing large portion in pie
chart:
A small proportion
Exactly 29% of the respondents
Around a quarter of the people = the percentage is around 25%
The sales for June were only 11%

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4. Telling proportion

A quarter 25% ¼
A half 50% ½
A third 33% 1/3
Two thirds 66% 2/3
Three quarters 75% ¾
Two Fifths 40% 2/5
One fifth 20% 1/5

C. How to Describe a Pie Chart

1. When you want to present a data in form of pie chart, it will be better for you to group
the data into two group.
2. Identify the major trend of the information in the pie chart (which one is the major
group)
3. Find out if you have similar portion of information in your pie chart.
4. When you present data in a pie chart, you can do the following things:
 read the heading of you pie chart. Tell the audience, what is the pie chart about.
 show the connection of each portion in the chart. You can focus on the similarities
and differences.
 Highlight the most important proportion of the data presented. Which one is the
biggest and the smallest. Mention the percentage.
 Last you can summarize the data presented in the pie chart

12
 D. Example

Look at the following pie chart, and read the way to present the data.

Source: https://www.ieltsbuddy.com/
The description for the above pie chart can be as follows:

Source: https://www.ieltsbuddy.com/

13
E. Exercise.
Look at the following pie chart. Describe it in front of the class.
1. The teaching experience of lecturers who are interested in EMI (English-Medium
Instruction) from Politeknik Negeri Batam, 2020.

2. The skills needed by lecturers of Politeknik Negeri Batam to develop their skills in
teaching with EMI.

14
 CHAPTER 4
TABULAR DATA (TABLES)

Source: study.com
A. What is tabular data?
Tabular data is group of data or facts which are arranged in rows and columns. This
data setting normally contain of numbers. In presenting business data, table is an
alternative to make your data to be better organized and easier to read instead of
displaying the data one by one in form of paragraph. Table can help you with complex
set of data or fact.

B. Common Language Used in Describing Tabular data.

1. Introduce your table

 The above table shows….
 The table give information about…..
 Look at this table, it provides information about…
 Look at the data in this table, it is about …..

2. Telling the data trends

Just like the way you describe line graph and chart, here in describing table you
can use the following collocations:

15
  Significant growth
 Sharp fall
 Considerable increase
 To rise significantly
 To decline slowly
 Reach its peak
 Stay constant
 Significant fluctuation

3. Example in sentences
 The data in June 2021 remains the same as ones in March and April.
 It can be clearly seen that the figures of May, June, July, and August show
significant fluctuation.
 The figure in August is twice that of May.
 The figure in July is three times that of June 2021.

C. How to Describe Table

1. Introduce what the information in the table are about.
2. Look at the highest and lowest data, or data with significant number.
3. Group the data which has similarities and compare to another data in the table.
4. Do not present the data one by one. It will take much time and confusing.
5. Present the data in table in simple structure.
6. Give conclusion at the end

16
 D. Example

Source: https://www.ieltspodcast.com/academic-task-1/describe-table/
In the above example, the data has been divided into two significant groups. This makes it
easier to understand and describe.
You can also look for exceptions in the data which is where something interesting happens
or is something that stands out for you. This helps you get started describing the data and the
information you can see.
This table compares the UK’s 55-year projected growth of the number of people over the
age of 75 with that of the total population.
It is estimated that in the 20 years from 2015, the total population of the UK will grow by
almost 10 million, from 64.8 million in 2015 to 73.2 million in 2035. The number of over 75’s will
also increase significantly, from 5.4 million (2015) to 8.9 million (2035), which is an increase of
nearly 4%.
The estimated figures for 2050 and 2070 indicate that this trend will continue, and the total
population will be as high as 82 million by 2070. Although the number of people aged 75 or older
will remain relatively stable between 2035 (8.9 million) and 2050 (9 million), the number will
continue to swell and by 2070 nearly 15% of the population (11 – 12 million) will be aged 75 or
older.
Overall, we can expect the number of people aged over 75 to double by 2070.
Source: https://www.ieltspodcast.com/academic-task-1/describe-table/

17
E. Exercise
Look at the following table. Present the data to your classmates.
1. The candidates for Master of Ceremony competition 2021 at Politeknik Negeri
Batam
study program Quantity
Accounting 17

Managerial
accounting 27
Business
administration 32
International logistics 23
Secretary 21

2. The candidates for Business Management Competition 2021 at Politeknik Negeri

Batam

Description AB1A AB1B AK1A AK1B AM1A AM1B

Typing speed 20 11 5 12 10 9
Leading a meeting 12 15 10 12 9 12
Presenting Business
Plan 7 8 16 12 12 16
Web Design 12 11 14 12 12 17
Master of Ceremony 17 14 14 12 6 13
TOTAL 68 59 59 60 49 67

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 CHAPTER 5
MAP: GIVING DIRECTION

Source: sites.google.com
A. Overview
Asking direction and giving direction are always done by people when they are in a new place or
they are not familiar with the areas. In business activity, especially when you are on a business
trip or in a conference held in a new avenue, asking direction cannot be avoided. Likewise, when
you are a host of an event, you must prepare yourself to give the participants advice. Even
sometimes, you need to ask or give directions over the phone.

B. Asking and Giving Direction

 Is this place far? / Is this place close?
 How far is this place? / How close is this place?
 Could you tell me the directions of…….., please?
 Do you know the nearest…… (museum/ mall/ supermarket?)
 Where can I find ………..(a bookstore/restaurant/bus stop/restroom?)
 Is the……….. (gas station/hospital/restaurant) not far from here?
 How can I get to . . . ?
 Can you tell me the way to . . . ?
 Where is the nearest . . . ?

19
Some common expressions for giving direction:
 Take a right/left  Cross the street
 Go straight  Down here
 Opposite  Up there
 In front of . . .  At the corner
 Right after . . .  Around the corner
 Between …..(the bank) and ……(the  Turn left
post office)  Turn right
 Take the first / second / third / right  On the next block
 Go right or left  Next to . . .
 Go straight at the light  Across the street from . . .
 Corner or stop sign  Around the corner from . . .
 Continue straight on
 Turn right
 Turn left at the light
 Get on the bus
 Get off from the buss
 Subway at…
 Follow the signs for…. (the museum,
police station)
 Continue straight

C. Practice Dialog

1. Asking and Giving Directions on the Telephone

Lenny: Hello, Lenny is speaking here.
David: Hi, Lenny. This is David. How are you?
Lenny: David, I am good. Thank you. How about you?
David: I am fine. Do you have a moment? I need your help.

20
Lenny: Sure, what can I do for you?
David: I am going to go to the theater center. There will be a performance of my favorite musical
drama. Would you give me directions, please?
Lenny: off course. Are you leaving college on your bike?
David: Yes, I am.
Lenny: Good. I will tell the shortcut. Go straight to Sudirman Street, take a left onto Ahmad
Yani, and ride Malaya Shopping Centre.
David: How far is it from our college?
Lenny: It’s not too far. It’s about two kilometers. After arriving in front of the Malaya Shopping
Center, turn right to Rock Street at the stoplight. The Theater Centre is on the right side
next to Art International Hotel.
David: Let me repeat that again. On the spotlight in front of Malaya Shopping Centre, I must turn
right to Rock Street. Go straight toward Art International Hotel, and the Theater Centre
is before that hotel.
Lenny: Yes, that’s right. From the spotlight to the theater center is about 500 meters.
David: Get it. It seems easy to get there.
Lenny: Yes, it’s easy. Is there anything else that I can assist you?
David: No, I think that’s all. Thank you for your help.
Lenny: With my pleasure, David. I hope you will enjoy the performance.
David: Thank you and bye!

2.Asking and Giving Directions to the Bank Centre

(On the street corner of the city center)
Job Seeker: Excuse me, I need your help. I am lost.
Person: Certainly. Where do you want to go?
Job Seeker: I would like to go to the bank center. I have an interview this morning at 11:00 AM.
Could you like to tell me how to get there from here?
Person: It is not too far. You can walk or take a public bus.
Job Seeker: It is 10:15 now. Is it possible to walk and get there at about 10:30?
Person: Yes, it is. Actually, it's only about a ten-minute walk.
Job Seeker: That's great. Can you show me where I should go now?

21
Person: Sure. Now, go along this street to the first traffic lights. Can you see them?
Job Seeker: Yes, I can.
Person: At the traffic lights, turn right into King Edward Ave.
Job Seeker: King Edward Ave?
Person: Yes, it is. At King Edward Ave, take the first left, and you will find International Street.
The Bank Centre is on the left of that street. There are some high buildings.
Job Seeker: I think I get it. So, I need to take the second left at King Edward.
Person: No, it’s not the second left but the first one.
Job Seeker: Ah, right. The first left. Thank you so much for your assistance.
Person: You are very welcome, miss.

D. Exercise
 Please draft a dialog about asking and giving direction based on the following
situation. You can search for information about the place, transportation, and the
map on the internet.
 Situation:
You are on a business trip. You must travel to Paris to handle an international
exhibition where your company becomes one of the exhibitors. The event venue is
not in the city center but in a suburb where a beautiful villa, Moison Montespan, is
located. After one week's event, finally, you have free time to explore Paris, as a
romantic city. You want to go to Eiffel Tower. However, you do not know how to
get there. So, you ask the villa receptionist.

22
 CHAPTER 6
EXPLAINING PROCESS

Source: 123rf.com

A.Overview
In work activities, it's common to explain a process for business purposes both orally or in
writing. A method is a series of actions that are usually used when people want to describe how
to do or make something and how something happens, such as designing an attractive flyer,
manufacturing a product, etc. A process can also explain how something happens, for example,
how to handle customer complaints by phone. A process will mostly be described in a diagram
that is easier to understand. Clear steps describing a process will bring success to your business.

B. Begin Explaining Process

1. For explaining a process, you must know the steps to describe how something happens or
how to do something. Therefore, to begin any process description, start by identifying all
the pieces of the process.
2. Understand carefully all the steps involved.
3. Use understandable and straightforward vocabulary. You need to define unfamiliar terms.
4. Process pieces tend to focus, modestly, on specific, one-and-only streaming events,
without trying to universalize.

23
 5. Detail the steps and make the process come to life. Process details are like a camera
zooming in action, which captures moments to notice possible patterns.

C. Steps of Writing a Diagram of Process

1. Getting Started
• Decide how many processes or events you want to write about.
• More complicated events or processes, of course, require longer explanations.
• Choose a topic that is more conical in accordance with the length of your writing.

2.Making Important Notes

Before writing, making notes of the important parts of a process or event is very useful and
should be done. In making notes, keep these things in mind:
• What materials, equipment, and tools are used during the process?
• Define specific terms that could be less common to give more understanding to the readers.
• Where and how long it takes to complete a process or event.

3.Organizing Notes
• The notes made must be grouped based on their parts or chronological order to become a single
entity that is not separated from beginning to end.
• The notes that have been arranged can be re-filtered into main and essential points according to
compositional limitations or length of writing.

4.Making a Detailed Explanation

• Start writing with the main topic sentence and state clearly what will be conveyed in the article,
for example, the College Entrance Procedure for High School Graduates.
• Next, write in chronological order.
• Use transitional expressions to show the interrelationships between parts of the writing so that
the plot can be read smoothly and clearly.
• To make sure the writing is in chronological order, you can ask yourself and check the notes
whether all the leading and essential elements are included.

24
5.Revising
After completing the draft, reread it and ask yourself the following questions:
• Has my writing started with a clear statement?
• Have I defined specific terms so that readers will understand better?
• Have I provided paragraphs with clear statements and main points?
• Have I explained the sequence of processes or events in chronological order so that the readers
will follow them easily?
• Have I used appropriate connectors to show interrelated parts of the writing?
• Have I provided a clear example?
• Do I use a variety of sentences so that my writing is not monotonous?
* Ask your colleagues or your mentors to read your writing and ask their opinion. Then, ask them
to give any suggestions.

D.Common Vocabulary
Verbs Adjective Noun Adverb
 Creates  Natural  Cycle  First/firstly
 Produces  Human-  Repetition  Second/secondly
 Makes produced  Repeats  After/afterwards/once
 Distributes  Man-made  Loops  Next
 Moves  Cyclical  Continues  Later
 Begins  Linear indefinitely  Following
 Continues  step(s)  Recurs  Subsequently
 Follows  Cyclical  Step  Finally/lastly
 Ends  Repetitious  Stage  During
 Repeats  Phrase  While
 Meanwhile

Connector Lexical Resource

25
 To begin All the phrases below are suitable for a
 Following this process diagram description, but please
 Next remember to adapt them to your specific
 Then rubric.
 After  A multi-step process...
 After that  The process starts with … and ends at....
 Before  We have a six-step process whereby water
 ... following this step, undergoes a purification process.
 ...then...  ... which causes it to ...
 followed by  The final product is sent to the finish stage
 first, second, and finally ...
 After this step is completed...  It consists of … steps starting with … and
ending with/at.

E.Writing Sample

1. The university enrolment procedure

26
Source: https://www.ieltsluminary.com/process-diagram

27
 2. The Production of Olive Oil

Source: https://ieltspracticeonline.com/band-8-5-ielts-writing-task-1-recent-test/

28
F.Exercise

 Please write an explanation of the following process diagram of how the orange juice is
produced. Write it in about 200 words.
 To show your ability in explaining process diagrams or events orally, please make a short
video presentation (2-3 minutes) about the process diagram you wrote. Don't forget to show
your diagram in your video.

Source: https://ieltstrainingonline.com/ielts-writing-recent-actual-test-03/

29
 CHAPTER 7
MULTIPLE CHARTS

Source: Youtube.com
A.Overview
Multiple chart or graph is also called mixed chart or combination chart. A numerous chart is a
combination of two or more charts or graphs visualized into a sole chart. Multiple charts are used as
an ideal choice for us to compare two or more categories of data. For example, various charts could
be a mixture of bar and pie charts, tables and lines, two bars graphs, a pie chart, a table, and a bar
chart and a line graph.

B. How to Choose the Right Chart

There are three main kinds of the chart: line, bar, and pie. However, nowadays, there are many
different kinds of diagrams or graphs and human creativity in presenting more attractive graphics.
Therefore, to use a particular chart correctly and proportionally, you must know the usages of each
graph depended on the kinds of data you want to present.
The main usages of chart types:
• Exposing Distribution
A distribution chart shows how an item is distributed among the different sections. The most
suitable charts that can be used for this type of data are histogram charts, line charts, and scatter
charts that describe item correlations.

30
• Visualizing Composition
There are three types of charts that can be used to visualize the composition of data: pie charts,
bar charts, and stacked area charts. A pie chart can show different compositions that can represent
a single composition or a whole piece. Bar charts and stacked areas can also be visualized with
different colored areas to visualize composition.

• Showing Relationship
Among all the data, it is essential to find the relationship between the data. Charts that are
suitable to illustrate the relationship between data are spider charts and bubble charts. These two
charts serve to analyze the relationship of one data variable to the entire group or other variables.

• Showing Trends
Charts that can show trends or data series over a period are very often needed. Two basic charts
work well: column charts and line charts. Both of these charts can show a changing trend over a
certain period.

• Comparing Data
Most graphs are made to show comparisons of data. The best charts to help visualize are bar
charts, column charts, six sigma charts, and spider charts.
Source: https://www.edrawsoft.com/chart/choose-right-chart.html

31
C. Common Vocabulary
1. Showing the changes

Source: https://www.ielts-mentor.com/48-ielts-vocabulary/vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-
task-1/528-vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-task-1-part-1

32
Source: https://www.ielts-mentor.com/48-ielts-vocabulary/vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-
task-1/528-vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-task-1-part-1

33
34
Source: https://www.ielts-mentor.com/48-ielts-vocabulary/vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-
task-1/528-vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-task-1-part-1

35
Source: https://www.ielts-mentor.com/48-ielts-vocabulary/vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-
task-1/528-vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-task-1-part-1
f. Percentage, Portion, and Numbers:

Source: https://www.ielts-mentor.com/48-ielts-vocabulary/vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-
writing-task-1/528-vocabulary-for-academic-ielts-writing-task-1-part-1

36
D.Sample Writing
The multiple charts below combine bar charts and a pie chart that show education level by age
range and gender 2010.

37
Source: https://ieltsliz.com/dec-2016-ielts-writing-task-1-sample-answer/

E.Exercise
 Find comparison data of your company business (they could be data of productions, sales,
customers, incomes, taxes, employees, capitals, etc.).
 Visualize the data in multiple charts.
 Write an explanation of the multi charts in about 200 words.

38
 CHAPTER 8
PROMOTION THE PRODUCT

A. The Principle of Product Promotion?

There are many definition of promotion. Harper Boyd said promotion is defined as an attempt to
persuade people to accept products, concepts and ideas. According to other marketing experts,
Boone and Kurtz, promotion is the process of informing, persuading, and influencing a purchase
decision. Actually there are many versions of the notion of promotion put forward by marketing
experts around the world, but the conclusion is more or less the same, namely promotion is to
notify, inform, offer, persuade, or disseminate a product or service to potential consumers with the
aim of making these potential consumers at finally able to make a purchase. Here are some aspect
can be support your promotion:
1. Advertising, it is an important element in promotion. The seller must choose the best media in
advertising; massa or electronic and so the language use.
2. Sales promotion
The seller can choose the sales to promote the product who be able to explain the product well and
persuade them to buy it.
3. Publicity: it is an information and opinion about the products or services that can engage other’s
attention.
4. Direct marketing; they seller can also come to the buyer and give information about the product
through presentation,explanation, broshure, email etc.

39
B. Creative Techniques
Based on Cummins and Millin (2002) there are five creative techniques that are useful for
effective promotion.
1. Listing
Before doing the promotion you can make some list that help you to order your thoughts.
Write your idea which will be explained, it’s can be started from beginning of your
presentation, content (write the advantage, strength and detail of the product/ services) and
closing. This is a useful technique, that can make sure the buyer with the clear and well
promotion or presentation.
2. Mind maps
The other way is you can draw a mind map. It could be writing a key words in each section
of the promotion. It can help you connecting and remembering the idea. Sometime, the
seller got confuse then lost their sentences, by showing the mind maps, you can directly go
to the point. For example : you can write the name of product “BEC Education” then you
can write: “the highest ranks”, “100 partner” and any other informations.

3. Brainstorming
In brainstorming you can make the objective is clear and your audience will understand it.
You can practice it before.

4. The village
This is an unique technique, the presenter will imagine all the village of the buyer. You
imagine the houses, the places, the resources so you will know about the need which make
them interested in the product and comfort with your way of promotion. You do research
about the need then you can give them the solution by promoting your product or service.
5. Being someone else
When you do a promotion, if it you less of confident, you can imagine yourself is great
business man such as Bob Sadino or other successfull person. You can imagine how the
speak and present in front of audience, you can immitate their style, language and the

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 appearances. It’s will improve yourself. You can do practicing which will make you more
confidence.

C. Common Phrases Used in Promotion

There are many phrases can be used to convince your audience to buy the product. You can
enggage them through the quality, price, discount and advantages. Here are some phrases
can be used in writing your draft promotion:
- We won’t flood your inbox
- Guaranteed or your money back
- Talk to [representative] to see if [business name or product] is right for you
- Check out a sample report
- Check out our testimonials page
- See our reviews (Here's how to ask for and get more of them)
- Take advantage of this special offer
- What do you have to lose?
- Act now before time runs out
- Don’t want to miss/Can't-miss
- Easy on your wallet
- Without breaking the bank

Here are the example of draft conversation for promoting the product to the company:
INTRODUCE

Seller : Hi, good morning

Buyer : morning

Seller : may we have a seat?

Buyer: yes, sit down please
Seller : can we take some space in your table?

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Buyer: yes of course, why not?

Seller : sure, thank you. so how are you today?

Buyer : I’m good, how about you?
Seller: I am good. so actually I do some a research about your educational background and wow,
it’s really amazedme! and yeah I’m really impressed with your educational background and I just
think if I have a half or more quarter of your brain maybe I will be the top on my class.
Buyer1: thanks for your compliment, you are great too

Seller :so I’m a sales representative from McGraw Hill, my name is AfifahSyahmainiSiregar and
this is my business card. So feel free to contact me anytime. And i have 15 minutes with
this meeting, it’s okay for you?
Buyer 1 :its okay afifah

Seller :so thank you for your precious time and I know that you are very busy
Buyer1 : thanks for your time too

Seller : so my purpose for coming here is to know more about your Nadoon Business School also
to help you with your new project in improving digital or e-learning activities that you
mention before at AEC or Asean Educational Conference in Philippines. So may I know if
there’s anyone that would be here with us to take any decision too?
Buyer :Of course, I am here accompanied by my colleague Manda. she will also take part in making
this decision.
Seller : okay, and I want to ask yousome question to know more about your current situation, it is
okay for you?
Buyer :its okay, feel free to ask

Seller :what is the system you using currently in your e-learning process professor? And how’s
thatworking?

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Buyer:Of course, I use a system that is easy to use for every user, both students and lecturers
Seller : do you have something to improve with your current e-learning system?
Buyer:what we need to improve is a bigger server system, so that when students are busy using e-
learning, the server is able to operate smoothly and well
Seller : what kind of challenges that you facing with your current e-learning system?
Buyer:So far the e-learning website that we have is good, but sometimes there are problems on the
server when so many students using e-learning, the website is down
Seller : what is the impact if you don’t fix the problem?
Buyer:the effect is that students become constrained in doing assignments or exams or quizzes
Seller : alright, so, thank you for sharing your situation with me today and I believe McGraw Hill
(our company) have some solution to solve your problem and we do want to jump into the
solution as we know, we just have a limited time today

HOLD FOR NEXT MEETING

: so I am from McGraw Hill, we are as learning science company, we provide a personalize
learning experience for your students
: so based in our discussion you have an issue about time consuming in creating content and we
have consolidated resource (back to your script)
: and also you mention about miscalculating score and also user identification problem
: server malfunction, Accreditation
: so there are the solution that I can provide to your business school. You can make your school
more efficient and effective decrease the manual process, save your time as well save your
money
: what do you think about solutions that I’ve shared with you?
Exercise:
You are the sales representative from Dinar Company which deals with electronic devices. You
are asked to promote the product to Zhen’s Company. In this meeting you will explain the details
of product, the benefits, strength and weakness of it. Write the script as preparation to meet that
managers.

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 CHAPTER 9
PROMOTING THE SERVICE

A. The principle of Service Promotion

Promotion is a very important part in selling the product or services. The seller will persuade the
buyer to buy and use their products. Basically, the structure in promoting the service is similar
with the product. the seller must be able to convice the buyer by showing it’s advanteges and
benefits.
Communication planning
 Who is the target of audience?
Before doing service promotion you must define target audience : prospect, users, and
employees
 What do we need to communicate and achieve?
The sales must know what are the information must the explain to the audience, here are
the tricks:
- The seller can create momarable images of their brands or product in their company.

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 - Engage audience’s attention then make them interested in it.
- To make sure the audience, you can compare your products with the similar product.
- Build preferences by giving strength and benefits
- Provide the strength to reduce the product’s weaknessess.
 How could we communicate this?
Preparation will make you more confidence. As a sales, you need to explain the service
clearly, concrete, specific and full of knowledge. Because of that, the seller must do a
research and know about the product/service comprehensively. It will make the audience
more convice and believe. So they will use it and be our customers.
 Where should we communicate this? See the situation
 When do we communicate? See the context

Exercise:
Bali has been one of the most popular tourist destinations in South-east Asia, that attracting
tourist from other country. It is decorated by the beautiful beaches and views, the peaceful
places and the strong culture. This attraction can increase visitor’s attractions. There are
many categories of visotors in Bali from back packers, students, and exclussive tourist. But
this recent years, some issues come up about Bali such criminal and unprofessional agencies
had a very adverse effect on tourism across Asia. Many destinations reacted by discounting
to win back tourist confidence and branding to try to differentiate their country’s appeal
from others. The Tourism Authority engaged AET (Andalas Education Tours) as their
agency. Their marketing objectives were to: 1. increase the number of tourist arrivals; 2.
increase average daily spending rates of tourists; 3. raise the profile of Bali by targeting
prestige market segments. AET’s approach to strategic campaign planning entails a focus
on consumer orientation, perception change and integration, all linked under the
overarching concept of the brand. Their four phases approach begins with analysis, in which
they consider the branding and marketing issues and generate communications strategies
and ideas. The second phase entails strategic planning of integrated media solutions. In the
third phase the campaign is executed, and the fourth phase involves monitoring the brand
health and marketing objectives in the context of the campaign’s execution.

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  Study in group and answer this question!
1. Do it in group, discuss about the group’s perceptions of Bali. What kinds of promotional or
communication that can change the people’ s views about Bali?
2. Knowing about Bali’s condition, what do you think about AET’s solution? Can the group find
the other way and opinion as the solution?
3. Please do role play as an AET agencies to promote this tourism!

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 CHAPTER 10
PRESENTING THE REPORT

A. The principle of Business Report

Report is a piece of writing that describes or – as the name implies – reports how a situation has
occurred. This is very familiar to people in academia and others. A good writer must be able to
write a good report, especially in formal and accessible terms. There are two kinds of report: formal
and informal report. It’s depend on situstion and what the topic that will be reported

Structure to write the reports:

 Table of Contents
In beginning of your report, you can start it by writing table of contents. It must be arranged
well based on your report order.

 Executive Summary
• In this part you can write the purpose of your report, it could be started from the
introduction.
• Just explain about the method that you used in investigation. Sometime the people used
questionnaire, interview or other research method.
• the writer can list what are the result of the report (findings)

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 Body
• In this part, you can tell about the detail of the report
• Explain the methodology in detail
• Then, you can also add by identifying some issues relate to the report.
• That is very important to provide some diagrams, charts and tables.

 Findings/Recommendations
• describe the findings
• don’t forget to write the recommendation

 Conclusion
Summarize your findings and relate back to original issue that has given rise to the report.

B. How can I make my report reader- friendly?

Presentation
After write your script for report, the next task is presenting it. It’s not an easy way to make the
audience understand and catch your presentation quickly, so you need to make your report
presentation easy read and easy understood. Here are some strategies can be used:
 Use an easily read font, and using it in right place.
 Use the white space in numbered headings, to separate between one and others
 Use the consistent acronyms and abbreviation
 Use the match and readable colour

C. How to write my paragraph?

• One main idea per paragraph. Each paragraph must consist of one main idea which is located at
first or the end of paragraph.
• Each paragraph having a clear topic sentence
• Short introduction and conclusion paragraphs
• Longer body paragraphs that develop main points

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• A strong and concise conclusion
• The concise theme.
D. Common Tense Used in Report
• Use the clear and concise language
• Use the consistent and accurate verb tenses:
- simple tenses (usually the present simple) to express facts, current actions and conclusions
- past tense for completed actions and references –
- present perfect for things happening in the past up to now
• Reduce tendentious language and jargon
• See the kinds of sentences: active or passive. Then complete them with the effective sentences.
• Reduce the repetation words or sentences.
E. Common Phrases Used in Report
Here are the common phrases can be used to help you explain the report. It consist of common
phrases used in beginning, introduce your point, opinion, other’s opinion and conclusion. By
knowing this phrases your report will arranged structurally.
INTRODUCTION
 The data was obtained by …
 The purpose of this report is...
 I have done some investigations about....
 Based on my observations...
 Based on my investigation....
 I outline my report below
 This report contains of .....
 In this paper, I discuss about
INTRODUCING POINTS
 In beginning of...
 The first thing is
 The socond thing is , Secondly or can continue till thirdly and others.
 In addition....
 The next aspect is...

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 Besides of that aspect

INTRODUCING YOUR OPINION

 In my opinion this.....
 In my view that.....
 I suggest that...
 I recommend that......

INTRODUCING SOMEONE ELSE’S OPINION A few / Many / The majority / minority

of people said / reported / complained …

 As said by Mr....
 Fahri’s thought that...

GIVING EXAMPLES For example / instance …

 The picture / diagram shows / illustrates …

 I will give you the example...

COMPARING
 Unlike …, … is …
 The differences between this.....and......
 This is totally different from.....
 If it compared with....

CONCLUSION
 My conclusion is....
 From the data, can be seen....

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  After the explanation, I believe that
 In nutshell......
 Generall, we can conclude that...
 I can summarize that.......
Exercise:
Every end of year, Media Company holds annual report for every department including Sales. At
this moment, you are assigned as speaker to report it. You realize that, your company has growth
15% on selling product. Make a script writing to report related on that situation.

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