Master of Arts in Education

Final Examination in Educational Laws and Policy

Summer, SY 2020-2021

Answer each question in 3-5 paragraphs (20pts each). Email your paper on or before 5:00pm of
September 8, 2021 at dromsimam2010@gmail.com. Late submission shall not be accepted.
Warning: Any answer found to be copy-pasted from internet source or significantly similar to other
answer shall be ground for a failing mark.

1. Discuss the difference between policy and law and cite examples:
Every sovereign country has its own set of rules and regulations that are outlined in the country's
constitution. The constitution establishes a number of rights and rules that are vital to the country's
democracy. The difference between law and policy is that legislation is a final decision or document
produced by the government after deliberating on policy for the benefit of society. The policy is a
blueprint for the government's plans.

The authority to enact a law is in the hands of the government, and because the government is
elected by the people, they play an indirect part in the enactment of any law. Prior to the enactment
of any law, policies are developed, which are then subject to debate and revision in response to
changing circumstances. Every policy or law is designed to benefit society as a whole, and every law
or policy is designed to benefit every segment of society. Within the parliament, there are ministers
of several ministries who work for the welfare of the people in their respective departments. The
Railway Minister, for example, will suggest policies for the railway sector's development.

Law is a formal document that establishes rules, but policy is a more informal document that
governs how the government operates. On the one hand, the judiciary administers the law; on the
other hand, the government administers policy. On the one hand, laws are intended to bring justice
and equality to society, whereas policies are formed by the government to achieve certain aims.
Policies, on the other hand, are not enshrined in the constitution but are rather informal documents
issued by the administration. Noncompliance with the law is penalized, while noncompliance with
the policy is not.

Both laws and policies are critical to society's well-being, and they are intertwined. Their functions
are intertwined, and a misalignment of law and policy could result in societal failure. Both of them
are vulnerable to change depending on the demands of the country's circumstances. The
government has the authority to recommend modifications to the judiciary's laws. They provide a
holistic approach to societal development when used together.

2. Discuss the stages in educational making process

3. Briefly discuss Philippine education policies during colonial period which impacted an existing
educational law (specify one law)
4. Survey and discuss one educational policy abroad which is similar existing Philippine educational
policy

5. Discuss one education issue in your respective setting and propose policy recommendations to
BARMM government or national government