TRANSDUCERS AND DATA ACQUISITION

ASSESSMENT 2

Objectives

To investigate effects of quantization and sampling on digital data using DAQ cards and

LabVIEW and analyse provided data sets.

The following are needed to collect data:

• Determining a set of DAQ cards, signal generator and accelerometer, and

experiments,

• Selecting various sampling rates,

• Checking sampling rates with a signal generator,

With the collected data sets, the following below is researched:

• Using a variation of sampling rates with the rotating unbalanced mass experiment

• Determining if any of the experiments should be repeated, explaining why,

• Determining which instrument could be replaced resulting in a decrease in error for

the results,

• Specifying a replacement model for the instrument determined in step 1.

Methods for analysing the data,

• Experiment 1 (known frequencies).

• Experiment 2 (unknown Frequencies).

Apparatus Used:

• Transducer used here is Accelerometer Brüel & Kjær 4371.

• NI USB-6351 board (X series, 16-bit, 1.25 MS/s) + Mass terminals Data acquisition

boards is used.

• Tektronix 2MHz Function Generator.

• Maxon DC motor.

• Encoder.

• ESCON motor drive.

Software Used:

• LabVIEW 2013 (control lab computer).

• Matlab (personal computer).

Methodology/approach

Setup:

1. Analog output of charge amplifier to the DAQ signal equipment Analog input 0 is

connected.

2. Function generator U0 to pin 4 Analog input 1 is connected.

3. J6 pin of 5 ESCON is connected to pin 7 Analog input 2.

4. J6 pin 6 ESCON is connected to pin 10 Analog input 3.

5. J5 pin 1 ESCON connected to pin 65.

 6. J5 pin 2 ESCON connected to pin 65.

7. J6 pin 6 ESCON connected to pin 15.

8. Now set Sampling frequency to a certain value.

9. Save the data by enabling option.

10. Run the motor, collect, and save the frequencies and repeat the run for other

frequencies.

Result

Experiment 1:

• Sampling frequency is recorded for 100, 1000 and 10000Hz,

• For the input frequencies of 10, 100 and 1000Hz.

• Average is taken from the ensured repeated data and graph is plotted.

Figure 1 input frequency graph at 10Hz

 Figure 2 input frequency graph at 100Hz

Figure 3 input frequency at 1000Hz

Q) What is the relationship between input frequency and sampling frequency that permits

accurate measurement of the input frequency?

Ans) Sampling frequency is the number of samples per second taken from a continuous signal

to make a digital signal. So, it is a form of an input signal in a enlarged part of a particular

second of the entire signal.

Experiment 2:

• Sampling frequency is recorded for 100, 1000 and 10000Hz,

• The input frequencies are unknown.

• The motor voltage is varied from 0.5V to 2.5V.

• Average is taken from the ensured repeated data and graph is plotted.

Graph for 0.5 voltage:

Figure 4 Graph for Acceleration

Figure 5 Graph for Motor Velocity

 Figure 6 Graph for Motor Current

Graph For 1.5 Voltage:

Figure 7 Graph for Acceleration

Figure 8 Graph for Motor velocity

Figure 9 Graph for Current flow

Graph for 2.5 voltage:

Figure 10 Acceleration Graph

Figure 11 Motor velocity Graph

Figure 12 Current Flow

Q1) What is the relationship between motor voltage and frequency of oscillation?
Ans) When motor voltage increases the frequency of the motor oscillates more, therefore it
is inextricably linked together. They are proportional to each other.
Q2) At what Nyquist frequency are you able to determine the frequency of oscillation?
Ans) At high voltage given to the motor it is possible to collect a better frequency at Nyquist
frequency. But at low voltage rate it is less possible to determine.
Q3) At what sampling frequency can you resolve the energy in the oscillation?
Ans) The sampling theorem specifies the minimum-sampling rate at which a continuous-
time signal needs to be uniformly sampled so that the original signal can be completely
recovered or reconstructed by these samples alone.