6.1. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2020 Why in News? ‘About Anthropocene The 2020 Human Development | * Anthropocene is not yet formally established as a new geological Report titled “The next. frontier: ‘epoch, but several geologists and Earth system scientists propose its beginning to the mid-20th century. Human Development and the Anthropocene” was released. alae rie sche rnc amet enter a new age named after us — the Anthropocene. About the Human Development. © Holocene has seen major change on our planet, including the Report (HDR) rapid population growth of our species and the development of modern civilisations. * HDR is released by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and was released for the first time in the year 1990. * HDR Office releases five composite indices each year: © Human Development Index (HDI), © Inequality-Adjusted Human Development index (HDI), © Gender Development index Pea iaauen edie miadse eaten Bite) nae eau asd (Gon), Anthropause © Gender Inequality Index | * _ Itisatermcoined, by UK researchers, to refer to coronavirus-induced (Gu), lockdown period and its impact on other species. © Multidimensional Poverty | * Researchers believe studying this period will provide valuable insights index (MPI). into the relationship between human-wildlife interactions in the 21st ‘© HDI is released as part of first Sonny HDR. This measures achievement inthe basic UO eee ea Cis la dimensions of human Pier oe CME) tat development across os countries. The HDI ranks PHDI is created by multiplying the Relationship among countries on the basis of HDI by an adjustment factor HDI, A and PHO! three parameter: HIGHER PLANETARY © Life Expectancy PRESSURES, © Education e.000 (B)-0 © Gross National * Income (GNI) _ per e.. : capita pee 2 } « HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. © HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. 00 @ - @ LOWER PLANETARY PRESSURES Goo pressures. adjusted HOY co)HDR 2020 findings with respect to india * India dropped two ranks in HDI this year, standing at 131 out of 189 countries. Norway topped the index, followed by Ireland. + India’s gross national income per capita fell to $6,681 in 2019 from $6,829 in 2018 on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. © Life expectancy at birth in 2019 was 69.7 years, ‘© Indigenous children in Cambodia, India and Thailand show more malnutrition-related issues such as stunting and wasting. ‘+ In 2019, india ranked fifth for installed solar capacity, © Evidence from Colombia to India indicates that financial security and ownership of land improve women’s security and reduce the risk of gender-based violence, clearly indicating that owning land can empower women, + However, if the Index were adjusted to assess the planetary pressures caused by each nation’s development, India would move up eight places in the ranking. + HDR 2020 presents an adjustment to the index for "planetary pressures” called Planetary-Pressures Adjusted HDI. PHDI adjusts the standard HDI by a country’s level of carbon dioxide emissions and material footprint, each on a per capita basis.