Important questions of semester V

PHARMACONGOSY & PHYTOCHEMISTRY II

BP503TP
1. Write in detail about shikimic acid pathway. OR Write in detail about Amino acid pathway.
2. Describe acetate mevalonate pathway showing biosynthesis of medicinally important
triterpenoids.
3. Utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of biosynthetic studies.
4. Define alkaloids. Classify them with examples according to heterocyclic ring present in the
structure.
5. Define Glycosides & classify them with appropriate examples. Explain in detail about
anthraquinone glycoside, write their properties, chemistry, chemical tests and mechanism
of action pertaining to their purgative action. (Prepare all types of glycosides in syllabus in
this formate)
6. Define and classify Volatile oil. Describe the methods of obtaining volatile oil from crude
drug.
7. Define resins. Give properties, classification and isolation method of resin. OR Define and
explain Resin, Rosin, Resenes and Resinols with proper examples.
8. What is tannin? Classification, general properties and chemical test of the tannins with
suitable examples. Explain Industrial application of tannins.
9. Describe B.S., G.S. cultivation, collection and preparation, CC and uses of Opium.
10. Write biological source, chemical constituents, chemical test, toxicity, adulterant and
substituents of the following drugs:
Sag-angur patti (Belladonna)
Senna
Aloe (method of preparation)
Rauwolfia
Vinca
Bitter almond (Cynogenetic glycosides)
Digitalis (chemical tests for identification of Desoxy sugars, Cardenolides and
Bufadienolides)
Licorice
Dioscorea (Steroidal saponin)
Gentian (bitter glycosides)
Taxus (diterpenoid)
Artemisia
Ruta (Flavonoids introduction)
Cinnamon
 Clove (Eugenol, Dental Analgesic, Adulterant & Substitute)
Umbelliferous Fruits ( Fennel & Coriander)
Benzoin (Ester resin)
Asafoetida (Devil’s dung + CT of combined Umbelliferone)
Ginger( Cultivation)
Colophony (Acid resin)
Guggul (Used in Cholesterol)
Gambier
11. Write a short note on Carotenoids and Lignans.
12. Describe modern methods extraction. Discuss in details process, advantage and
applications of super critical fluid extraction/ sox let extraction.
13. Enlist different analytical techniques with their applications (HPLC/HPTLC/UV
spectrophotometric/ IR spectroscopy / Mass Spectroscopy / Fluorescence spectroscopy)
used in herbal drugs analysis.
14. Describe natural source, suitable method of Isolation, Identification and Analysis/
Estimation of the following phytoconstituents:
i) Curcumin
ii) Menthol
iii) Caffeine
iv) Citral
v) Atropine
vi) Quinin
vii) Artimisine
15. Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents:
i) Sennosides
ii) Digoxine
iii) Atropine
iv) Caffeine
v) Taxol

16. Comment on followings:

(i) Fatty acids possess even number of “C” atoms
(ii) Pressure is applied at the base of the leaf during collection of Aloe vera juice.
(iii) Sennoside A and B are heterodianthrone in the nature.
(iv) Senna is preferably cultivated after the rice crop.
(v) Aloe vera gel is maximum used in cosmetic preparations.
(vi) Aloe gives modified borntrager’s test while Senna gives borntrager’s test.
(vii) Importance of drying of Digitalis leaf immediately after collection.
(viii) Hydroxyl group at C-14 is mandatory for the cardiotonic action of cardiac glycosides
(ix) Rauwolfia root should be having intact bark.
(x) Liquorice gives violet colour with 80 % H2SO4.
(xi) Gentian roots are fermented before they are put to use.
(xii) Asafoetida give combined umbelliferon test
(xiii) Dried ginger is more pungent than fresh ginger

17. Differentiate between

a) Chinese cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon
b) Indian Senna and Alexandrian senna
c) Cardenolides and Bufadienolides
d) Triterpenoid saponin and steroidal saponin
e) Bitter Almonds and Sweet Almonds
f) Digitalis purprea & Digitalis lanata
g) Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata.
h) Siam benzoin and 3umatra benzoin
i) Guggul and salai guggul
j) Pale catechu and Black catechu
k) Chhota Chhand and Bada Chhand
l) Artemisia cina and Artemisia annua

18. Write chemical test of followings.

1. Chemical tests of Tannin and Resin containing drugs, Brontrager test & Modified
Brontrager test, Legal test, Baljet test, Grignard reaction test, Keller –killiani test,
Klunge’s isobarbaloin test, Vitali-Morin test, Murexide test, Thalloquine test.

ALL THE BEST