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A Detailed District Survey Report of Amravati
A Detailed District Survey Report of Amravati
A Detailed
District Survey
Report of
Amravati
Collector office;
Amravati.
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Index
Preface
1. Introduction
2. Overview of mining activity in the district
3. List of the Mining Leases in the district
4. Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three
years
5. Details of Production of sand or minor mineral in last
three years
6. Deposition of sediments in the rivers of the district
7. General profile of the district
8. Land utilization pattern in the district
9. Physiography of the district
10. Rainfall
11. Geology and Mineral wealth
12. Major and Minor Rivers of the District
13. General recommendation
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Preface
of District survey report of River bed mining and other minor minerals is in
guidelines. Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations,
area & overview of mining activity in the district with all its relevant
features pertaining to geology & mineral wealth in replenish able and non-
replenish able areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report will
and websites. The data may vary due to floods, heavy rains and other natural
Committee may take into consideration all its relevant aspects/data while
authority.
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1. Introduction
Amravati District is one of the eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra
State. It is situated in the northern part of the State abutting Madhya Pradesh State and
lies between north latitudes 20°32’ and 21°46’ and east longitudes 76°37’ and 78°27’.
The total area of the district is 12210 sq. km. and falls in Survey of India degree sheets 55
G, 55 H, 55 K and 55 L. The district is bounded on the north by Madhya Pradesh, on the
east by Nagpur and Wardha districts, and on the south and south west by Yavatmal,
Akola and Buldhana districts. Wardha River forms the eastern boundary of the district.
The district headquarters is located at Amravati Town. For administrative
convenience, the district is divided in 14 talukas viz., Amravati, Morshi, Warud, Tiwsa,
Chandur Railway, Nandgaon, Bhatkuli, Daryapur, Anjangaon, Dharni, Chikaldhara,
Achalpur and Chandur Bazar. It has a total population of 28,87,826 of which male and
female are 14,82,845 and 14,04,981 respectively as per 2011 census. The district has 13
towns and 1698 villages. Major part of the district comes under Purna-Tapi and Wardha
River basins. The important rivers flowing through the district are Tapi, Purna, Wardha,
Pedhi and Chandrabhaga.
1.1.2 Geomorphology
Major Physiographic unit Two; Melghat Hill range area and plain
area of the Paynghat
Major Drainage Two; Purna and Wardha
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b. Soil Type
Medium to deep black soil and deep brown to red soil (Regular).
f. Geology
Recent Alluvium
Upper Cretaceous-Lower Ecocene Basalt (Deccan Traps)
Turonian Lameta Beds
Upper Carboniferous-Permian Gondwana
Archean Metamorphics (Gneisses/Granites)
g. Hydrogeology
Water Bearing Formation Basalt-weathered/fractured/jointed
Vesicular/massive, under phreatic and
semi-confined to confined conditions.
Alluvium-Sand and Gravel, under semi-
confined to confined conditions.
Premonsoon Depth to Water Level 8.5 to 26.90 m bgl
Postmonsoon Depth to Water Level 7.5 to 18.40 m bgl
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The total geographical area of Amravati District is 12212 sq. km. and its only 3.97
% of Maharashtra. 75% of Amravati district covered by Deccan Trap while 25% area
covered by Purna alluvium. The global location of the district extends between 21.30' to
21.50' north latitude and 76.35' to 78.27' east longitude.
Amravati district is located in the Vidharbha region on the north eastern side of
the State of Maharashtra. It is bounded by the Khandwa and Betul districts of Madhya
Pradesh State on the north and by the Maharashtra districts of Nagpur on the northeast,
Wardha on the east, Yavatmal on the south, Washim on the southwest and Akola and
Buldhana districts on the west.
Connectivity:
Railway
The Mumbai-Bhusaval-Nagpur-Kolkata broad gauge rail line, Murtijapur-
Achalpur, Khandwa-Akola-Purna and Badnera-Amravati meter gauge rail line run
through the district. These connect Amravati to the bigger cities of Mumbai, Jalgaon,
Nagpur, Delhi and Chennai.
Roadways
The National Highway 6 that runs between Hazira-Dhule-Kolkata passes through
the district, thus making markets accessible and helping trade and business in the district.
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quartz & silica sand in Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Kolhapur, Nagpur,
Ratnagiri & Sindhudurg districts; and sillimanite in Bhandara and Chandrapur district.
Other minerals that occur in the state are: barytes in Chandrapur & Gadchiroli
districts; copper in Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli& Nagpur districts; feldspar in
Sindhudurg district; gold in Bhandara, Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Nagpur, Nanded,
Nashik, Sindhudurg & Thane districts; graphite & mica in Sindhudurg district; lead-zinc
& tungsten in Nagpur district; marble in Bhandara& Nagpur districts; ochre in
chandrapur& Nagpur districts; silver & vanadium in Bhandara district; stealite in
Bhandara, Ratnagiri & Sindhudurg districts; and titanium minerals in Gondia & Ratnagiri
districts.
2.2 Availability of Mineral in Amravati
Amravati district is one of the few locations in the state having sandstone. The
only major mineral found in district is fireclay. It is found in Achalpur Tahasil in the
village of Belkheda and Pandhari.
Any construction material is categorized into minor mineral eg. Murum, Stone,
Sand, clay. There are mostly availability of the contruction stone in the taluka Amravati
the biggest cluster in the district situated at Masod and Parsoda.at Achalpur Tahsil in the
part of Pandhari village , in the Morshi tahsil there ar two clusters located in the village
Pimpalkhuta and Nabipur, in the Warud Tahasil the one cluster located at Pimpalkhuta. In
the dharni at village Diya is the only cluster of stone mining. In the Dhamangaon Railway
village Ramgao, in the Chandur Railway in the village Palskhed, in the Nandgaon Tahsil
in the village Jalu the minor mineral stone found in small clusters.
The river sand found in the entire district. The main source of the river sand is
from Wardha river , Tapi river and Purna river and its tributaries.
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shriramji vyas
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essential to control the river flow in its central part to check the bank cutting. While
calculating the mineral potentials, the mineral deposits lying in the sub-tributaries of that
particular stream/river has not been taken into consideration. Since these mineral deposits
are adding annually to the main river, the mineral deposits will be much more.
The physical features of the district arc distinguished into two marked tracts. In the
east and south are the intensively cultivated plain tracts, with scattered blocks of
forests. The portion in the north and north-west, called Melghat, comprises the hilly
terrain of the Gawilgad ranges of the Satpudas. The plain tracts contain open type of
forest, as a result of the biotic influences. The hilly region is a well-preserved
compact block of forest. The existence of the fauna has a direct relation with the
condition of the vegetation and the biotic influences. The plain tract is thus poor in
fauna, while the well-preserved forest of the hilly region is richly stocked with
different kinds of wild animals.
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7.1.3 BIRDS
The birds of the district include most of the gaily plumaged varieties common
elsewhere, such as the golden orioles, the blue roller, the king-fisher and the little
green fly-catchers. They also include the painted and rock sand grouses, the peacock,
the jungle quail, the grey partridge, jungle fowl, green pigeon, crow, the large grey
and rain quail and the button quail. Pea fowls and jungle fowls are particularly
abundant in the Melghat forests in the valley of the Sipna river. Of the water birds the
ordinary varieties of duck and teal, as well as the varied assortment of cranes and
other shore birds are found.
In Melghat many rare birds like the black and orange fly catcher
(Ochromela nigrorufa),otherwise found in the Nilgiris and in Ceylon, are
seen. Cyornis Tickellia, Tickell's blue redbreast common in Central India are also
found here. Myio-phonus Horsfieldii - the Malbar whistling thrush is found near
Chikhaldara.
7.2 Agriculture
Agriculture is a key sector in the Amravati taluka. There are three harvesting
seasons for crop farming, namely kharif, rabi and summer. Kharif is the main
seasonal crop in the taluka. The kharif season commences from mid Juneupto the end
of November. The major kharif crops are cereals likejowar, bajari (millet), maka
(maize), pulses like tur, mug, udid, oilseeds like soybeans, bhuimug, til, suryaful
(sunflower) and cash crops like cotton. The average of cereal, pulses, oilseeds and
cotton is 7587, 12688 , 18122 and 18778 hectares respectively. The average kharip
crops cuttivation in Amravati taluka is 57175 hectares. Rabi season commences from
October and its major crops are wheat, harbhara (gram) and kardai (saf-flower). The
average rabi crops farming is 6853 hectares. Besides this orange orchards are
predominantly grown in the taluka. The average orange orchard farming are 2400
hectares.
7.3 Industry
In Amravati taluka there are three industrial areas, namely Satuma, new MIDC at
Gopal Nagar and adjacent areas and third ongoing Special Economic Zone (SEZ) at
Nandgaon peth. MIDC has developed large, medium and small-scale industries viz.
ginning and pressing, weaving and spinning, edible oils, chemicals, fertilizers, pulse
mills, pharmaceuticals, clay ware, woodcutting, paper, cement, silver jewellery, pans,
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cement pipes, medicines, offset, printing, toffees, nylon ropes, wooden toys, stainless
steel, cashew nut, orange processing, honey collection, fruit and fish canning, metal
works.
Cottage Industry: Cleaning of cotton, making of seed oil of various kinds and
weaving are the important cottage industries in Amravati taluka.
Mining: Open cast quarry mining produced minor mineral such as gitti on large
scale by number of stone crushers at the village Rahatgaon, Masod and Wadgaon near
Amravati. This is one of the important industries catering the need of civil works.
Energy Sector: With actual ongoing work of thermal power plant in
NandgaonPeth SEZ significant development in energy sector in Amravati taluka took
place. The capacity of power plant is 550 MW.
7.4 DEMOGRAPHY
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The total geographical area of Amravati District is 12212 sq. km.and its only 3.97
% of Maharashtras. 75% of Amravati district covered by Deccan Trap while 25% area
covered by Purna alluvium. The total area of Purna alluvium is 3053 sq.kms. out of which
1562 sq.kms area belongs to saline zone which is Quality affected area. The ground water
in this area is not used for Irrigation and Drinking water purposes, where as North East
part of district there is high irrigation activity mainly orange fruit crop which develop
imbalance in ground water.
Physiography: Physiographically the taluka has been divided in two units. The
first drained by the Wardha and the second by Puma river basin marking the water divide.
Wardha basin gets separated through the Pohra hill range and the plain area of the
Pedhiriver. The Pohra hills forms part of the Sahyadri hill ranges are made up of Deccan
Trap Basalts. The eastern part of taluka falls under the Wardha River basin, whereas the
western and north western part falls in the Puma basin. The Purna basin consists of the
Pedhi river sub-basin. The valley is almost uniform in characteristics. Except the low
range of stony and barren hills which crop up in the immediate vicinity of Amravati
camp, which extends over the eastern border of the taluka. The Eastern and South eastern
part of taluka is covered by Pohra hill ranges and a fair jungle, and the North-East part of
taluka is covered by NerPinglai hills with scrub forest.
10 Rainfall
The Climate of the district is characterised by a hot summer and general dryness
throughout the year except during the south-west monsoon season, i.e., June to
September. The mean minimum temperature is 15.1°C and means maximum temperature
is 42.2°C.
The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from 700 mm to about 1700
mm. It is the minimum in the south western parts of the district around Daryapur (709
mm). This increases towards north and reaches a maximum in the northern part around
Chikaldhara (1647 mm). The average rainfall for the last ten years ranges from 712 mm
(Daryapur) to 1407 mm (Chikhaldhara). The average annual rainfall for the last ten years
when compared with the normal annual rainfall, it is observed that the average annual
rainfall for the last ten years of the district is much less than the normal annual rainfall.
Thus the rainfall has definitely decreased in the district over the period of time.
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Wind: Winds are generally light to moderate with some strengthening during the south-
west monsoon. In the winter months, winds generally blow from directions between east
and northeast. During the southwest monsoon, winds blow between southwest and
northwest directions. The winds during the month of March blow from south-west to west
and in rest of the summer, winds are mostly between south-west and north-west.
Geology:
About 73 percent of Amravati tahsil is covered by basaltic lava flows of the
Deccan Traps belonging to the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age. The remaining part is
underlain by other soft rock formations, particularly the Alluvium, Lameta beds,
Gondwana Sediments and unclassified metamorphic rocks along the river Pedhi
(Tributary of Puma) which occupies 20% area.
Deccan Trap :
Deccan Traps belongs to the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age. The horizontally
disposed basaltic lava flows of the Deccan traps are the major geological formations
occurring over about 652 sq.kms. area in the taluka. The Vesicular and Amygdaloidal
zeolitic basalt and massive basalt 9 flows are generally separated by red/ green boles and
clay layers. The average flow thickness range is 10 to 30 m.
Alluvium :
About 20% part of the Amravati taluka along the Pedhi basin is occupied by
alluvial deposits. The alluvium consists of clay, sand and silts with thickness ranging
from 10 to 15 m with a wide aerial extension spread over 184 sq. kms. It is of recent age,
and lying over the Deccan Traps.
(Source:GSDA,Amravati)
Geomorphology:
The major geological formation of the Amravati taluka is Deccan Trap Basalts, it
shows trappean landforms. On the basis of degree of dissections and origin of the
landforms, these trappean land forms have been classified as High and Moderate and
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Dissected Plateaus linear ridges and denudational hills. These dissected plateaus are of
structural origin.
(Source:GSDA,Amravati)
Hydrogeology:
In Amravati taluka, Ground water occurs in upper weathered and fractured parts
of Deccan Trap Basalt mostly down to 15-20 m depth. At places potential zones are
encountered at deeper levels in the form of fractures and inter-flow zones. The upper
weathered and fractured parts form phreatic aquifer and ground water occurs under water
table in unconfined conditions. At deeper levels, the ground water occurs under semi-
confined conditions. The Pohra and Ner Pinglai hills and rugged Basalt terrain in does not
form potential aquifer due to limited thickness of weathered material.
Soil:
The Amravati taluka has a great variety of soils. Two major types of soils have
been observed in the Amravati taluka namely medium to deep black soil and deep brown
to red soil (Regur). Other soils ranging from the prevalent black argillaceous mould to the
worst of rocky soils occurs in the taluka. Though the latter are inferior in appearance are
however, reasonably fertile owing to their iron felspar contain. In favourable seasons they
produce excellent crops. The black soil in the western part of the taluka contains some
saline matter, is very fertile. It requires neither little /no manure nor even heavy
ploughing, for the production of the prolific cotton. The soil is deep and in the hot
weather great fissures are observed, sometimes several feet deep.
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the confluence with the Arna. The chief among them are Assegaon, Thugaon and
Kholapur.
Pedhi.
The only important left bank tributary of the Purna is the Pedhi. It rises in the low
hills near Rithpur and receives a number of small affluents both from the east and the
west, the chief on the west being the Naghirariver. The Pedhi flows in a general south-
easterly course passing by Walgaon and Bhat-kuli. After crossing the district boundary it
turns and flows westwards and north-westwards to join the Purna at the point where the
latter makes a very short sojourn outside the Amravati district into Akola.
Arna.
The first of the principal right bank affluents of the Purna is the Arna which
emerges from the Satpuda hills in Betul district and flows in a south and south-easterly
direction passing by Sirasgaon to join the Purna just below Deurwada.
Bodi.
The next affluent is a small river known as the Bodiriver, which after passing by
Talegaon joins the Purna at Rajna.
Chandrabhaga.
With its affluents, the Pili or Bahramkasand on which is situated the village of
Karasgaon, the Bichan river passing through Paratwada, the Sapan river passing through
Achalpur, the Chandrabhaga river is a very important tributary flowing in a general south-
westerly direction past Wasni, Khallar and Daryapur to join the Purna about a kilometre
and a half below Dhamodi. The river rises just below the Vairat plateau and after
receiving a number of small streams draining the southern slopes of the Chikhaldara
plateau and the slopes of the Gawilgad plateau, flows in an easterly direction in a valley
which forms a cultivated tract of about 2 kilometres in width breaking the continuity of
the forested areas on either side. About 2½ km. south-west of Dhamangaon it turns
southwards. The principal right bank affluent of the Chandrabhaga is the
Bhuleshwaririver which itself receives the Gangadari river, another Satpuda stream. The
Bhuleshwari passes by ShindiBuzrug and Kokarda and meets the Chandrabhaga near
Daryapur east of Babli.
Shahanur.
The westernmost tributary of the Purna of some importance within the district is
the Shahanurriver with its affluent, the Bordi. The Shahanur river rises in the Gawilgad
hills near Jhiraghat and after a fairly long and winding course first eastwards and then
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south-westwards enters the plains near Malkapur and flows southwards passing by
Anjangaon and turns south- westwards at Umri and continues in this direction to join the
Purna beyond the border of the district.
Bordi.
Though the river Bordi flows for a major part of its course outside the district, it
is joined by the combined waters of the Chansuri river and the Gaimuk which have their
plain courses within the district.
Wardha.
The Wardha river rises to the east of Multai in Madhya Pradesh and has a long
and tortuous course along the Satpuda hills. It forms the eastern boundary of the district
and receives a number of short tributaries on its right flowing within the district. The
Saktiriver rises in Shendari reserved forest area in the Satpudas, and passing by Jarud and
flowing southwards joins the Wardha. The Dhawagiri river rises in the Dabka reserved
forest area and flows past Benoda and Loni before joining the Wardha.
Pak Nala.
The Pak Nala rises in the same Dabka forest area and receives, besides the
Satpudaaffluents, the drainage of the northern slopes of Lakhara hills, a detached mass
south of the Satpudas. Hiwarkhed is situated on the banks of this river. The Pak Nala
Project on this river provides irrigation facilities to the area on the northern side of the
Morshi-Warud road. The Kobi drains the southern slopes of the Lakhara hills into the
Wardha.
Maru.
The Maru river rises south of Atner in Betul district and after a winding course in
the Satpudas enters the district and flows in a general south-easterly course to join the
Wardha, where the latter makes an abrupt right angular turn to continue the course of the
Maru.
Narha.
The Narha river is a much smaller but important tributary of the Wardha. Morshi,
the tahsil headquarters, is situated on its western bank.
Chargar.
The westernmost tributary of some size flowing from the Satpudas is the Chargar
river having its source just east of the Wardha-Purna watershed, and flows past
GhatLarki, Khed, and Udkhed with a general south-easterly direction parallel to the water
divide and joins the Wardha at Bhambor. The river Chargar receives the Kasiriver, a
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smaller stream flowing somewhat parallel to it on its western side from the north, and also
the combined waters of the Dhaula, the Lendi and the Bharan-takia from the Ner hills in
the south-west. NerPingalai village is situated between the Lendi and the Bharantakia.
Minor Rivers.
There are several small streams flowing eastwards from the Wardha-Purna water
divide into the Wardhariver. Among them is the river NerPingalai on which are located
Talegaon, Thakur and Tivsa. The Borriver passing by Kurha and Idarba river passing by
Temburni, Virul and Anjansinghi river join together and flow into the Wardha. The
Kolad-Dhangarriver flowing roughly parallel to the Wardha on its western side passes by
Mangrul and joins it at Borgaon in the south-east corner of the district. The
Chandrabhagariver (this should not be confused with the much larger one of the same
name flowing by Daryapur) flows by Dattapur in an easterly direction and then turns
southwards to join the Wardha outside the district. The last of the tributaries of the
Wardha in the district is the Bemla which has only its middle course in the extreme
southern part of the district, but is important as receiving a number of affluents flowing
from the north, such as the Kholad and the Chandrabhaga (the third one in the district
with the same name) flowing by Chandur Railway and the Kalamali.
Purna-Wardha Water Divide.
The water divide between the Purna and the Wardha system of rivers (in fact this
is the water divide between the Tapi flowing into the Arabian Sea and the Godavari
flowing into the Bay of Bengal as the former two are only tributaries of the latter) begins
in the district at the foot hills of the Satpudas and runs as a low divide of a little more than
360 metres in elevation in a general south-easterly direction with peaks on it rising to 404
metres east of Pohenkheda and to 435 metres in Ner hills. From the Ner hills it turns and
runs in a south-westerly direction somewhat parallel to the Morshi-Amravati road with
peak heights of 387 metres and 392 metres, and in the hills east of Amravati with peaks
over 460 metres. The water divide continues in the south-westerly direction with a lower
height (350 metres at Loni) and passes outside the district. By comparing the levels of the
beds of the Purna and the Wardha it is seen that the maximum relative relief is not
generally more than 100 metres, indicative of post-mature stage of dissection. It may be
mentioned here that the initial south-easterly course of the divide changing into a south-
westerly trend is also reflected in the courses of the several tributaries of the Purna system
within the district.
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Tapi Tributaries.
As the highest hills of the Melghat are in its southern part the water divide
between the south flowing tributaries of the Purna and the north flowing tributaries of the
Tapi lies towards the southern part of the Melghat hills, so that the greater part of Melghat
is drained northwards and northeastwards towards the Tapi river. The more important
among them are the Khursi, the Khandu, the Sipna, the Garga, the Dewal and the
Dhulghat. The Khursiriver takes its source on the eastern slopes of Katkumbh plateau and
after a brief sojourn into the Betul district re-enters the district and flows in a north-
westerly direction flowing close to the district boundary for some distance and then
follows it for a while till it leaves it to flow northwards to join the Tapi. The Khandu
rising near Khamla in Betul district enters the district to flow west of the Katkumbh
plateau and has a fairly long and winding course in a general north-westerly direction
cutting its bed deeply through the several ranges of hills, before joining the Tapi just
outside the district. The Khapra has its source just outside the district on the northern
slopes of the Antarmal plateau of Betul district and has a similar winding course through
the hills to join the Tapi outside the district. The Sipna rises very close to the source of
the Khapra and has a similar long winding but westerly course towards the Tapi. But
unlike the aforesaid rivers the Sipna has several flat stretches of land adjoining its middle
and lower courses useful for the purposes of cultivation supporting such villages as
Harisal, Chakarda and Duni. The Garga rises on the northern slopes of the Gawilgad ridge
west of the Vairat plateau and is joined by the Kutumbi at Koha and has a general
westerly and northwesterly course passing by Kalamkhar and Dhulghat to join the Tapi.
This river is even more important than the Sipna, for the lower valley below GargaMalur
is an extensive level area, richly cultivated, forming the Dharni plain which reaches up to
Sipna on the north at Diwa. The Dewal and Dhulghat rivers are two smaller streams
which have their sources in the Gawilgad ridge farther to the west of the others and have
their lower plain courses near the Tapi.
13 General Recommendations/Conclusions
During the preparation of the present report prominent rivers/ streams has been
studied in detail, as the rest of the streams/rivers either have very insignificant annual
replenishment/ approachability problem or are very narrow at most of the places and as
such are not fit for grant of mineral concession for mineral based industries, however it is
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also important to mention here that because of the regular demand of sand, stone and bajri
for the developmental activities in the respective areas, such streams are prone to illegal
mining, It is suggested that the auctions of quarries be done regularly to meet out the local
demand subject to the approval from the joint Inspection Committee as per New Sand
mining guidelines, Maharashtra (03/01/2018) .These mineral concessions shall also
reduce demand load and will be helpful to minimize illegal extraction of minerals, failure
of which may result in to illegal mining at odd hours and shall be haphazard and more
detrimental to the local ecology. Irrespective of it following geo-scientific considerations
are also suggested to be taken into account during the river bed mining in a particular
area:
1. Abandoned stream channels or terrace and inactive floodplains may be preferred
rather than active channels and their deltas and floodplains.
2. Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.
3. Mining below subterranean water level should be avoided as a safeguard against
environmental contamination and over exploitation of resources.
4. Large rivers and streams whose periodic sediment replenishment capacities are
larger, may be preferred than smaller rivers.
5. Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling within the
lateral migration area of the river regime that enhances the feasibility of sediment
replenishment.
6. Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided to prevent bank
erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river should be selected for mining in
such a way as to avoid natural eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally
building (aggrading) meander components.
7. Continued riverbed material mining in a given segment of the river will induce
seasonal scouring and intensify the erosion activity within the channel. This will have
an adverse effect not only within the mining area but also both in upstream and
downstream of the river course. Hazardous effects of such scouring and enhanced
erosion due to riverbed mining should be evaluated periodically and avoided for
sustainable mining activities.
8. Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars so as to avoid
illegal unscientific mining.
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