eo pasau dhe, CLBCO degrees EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1371-1 i a C9 NORME EUROPEENNE UA RIC@, ptt. ~U Yy EUROPAISCHE NORM ne 18 77.140.80; 77,150.99 Descriptor English version Founding - Liquid penetrant inspection - Part 1: Sand, gravity die and Tow pressure die castings, Forderle = contrdte par ressuage - partie 1; Gletereivesen: - Ei ‘fing "= Teil 42 Pitces. mauler au, cable, en coquittes pat Sand)" schwertrafttor tens und gravité et basse pression Niederdruckkokillengutstucke ‘This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-06-02. CEN menbers Regulations shich stipulate the conditions for giv any alteration. Up-to-date Ui bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to eny CEW menber. bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal this European Standard the status of a natlonel standard ui thout The European Standards extet in three official versions (English, French, German). A version In any other Language ade by eranatation under ‘the responsibility of a CEN member Into Ite ‘own Canguage and notified £oshe Coneeat Secretariat hos the sane status se the official versions " CEN menbera are the natfonal standards bodies of Austr! Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxenbourg, Nether( Kingdon. lelgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, iorway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla CEN European Comittee for Standardization Comité Européen de Hormal {sation Europbisches Koaltee fOr Normung nee, Germany, “Gnd Uni red Central secretariat: rue de Stasuart,36 8-1050 Brussels AU rfohte of exploftation in any form and by any neane reserved worlvide for OfW nat Tonal Menbers Ref. WO. EN 1371-1:1997 €wa Ke "Page 2 EN 1371-1:1997 Fiore page Contents ' Page Page cc seveveresees 3 Table 1: Noture of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant Introduction. senee 4 Inspection indications ............. 9 1 Scope . sss++ 4 Table 2: Severity levels for liquid penetrant Inspection ~ Non-linear indications 2 Normative references 5 4 Isolated (SP) or clustered (CP) 3. Conditions for liquid penetrant Table 3: Severity levels for quid penetrant Inspection ..... eee 4 Inspection ~ Linear (LP) and aligned (AP) Indleatlons. 6... . ee ee eee eeee eee WY 4” Method of inspection re 5 4.1. Operating mode testsssses 5 Table 4: Recommendad surface finish for liquid 4.2. Qualification of the operator vB penetrant inspection ...........04. 12 4.3. Surface preparation ; Sooo) 4.4 Conditions of inspe iiitees 8. Annex A informative) Bibliography ) 5 Acceptance crite seseeseess 6 Annex B finformative) Reference figur 5.1. Indications of discontinuities... : 6 ‘Non-linear isolated indications 5.2, Definition of liquid penetrant inspection designated SP ........ vee 13 indications ....seeeeeeeeeeev ees 5.3 Severity levels... sess 8 Annex € (informative) Reference figures ~ Non-linear indications designated SP 6 Classification of the Indications and and GP sisscssceeee arente) Interpretation of results ...... 7 ‘Annex D informative) Reference figures — 7 Ordering ers Linear end aligned indications designated UP and AP eee cscs 8 Retesting . oaeeene) ‘Annex E informative) Model of a liquid 8 8 ppenetrant inspection document +22Foreword ‘This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national stendard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 4.20 "Surface ingpection™ to prepare the following standard: —N1371-1 ' Founding ~ Liquid penetrant inspection ~ Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings ‘This is one of two European Standards for liquid penetrant inspection. The other stendard prEN 1371-2 ;pection ~ Part 2: Investment castings DB econting tine cENCENELEC InrlReulos, he nana andr ergenieatons of te ftowing ‘countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germeny, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, ‘Switzerland and the United Kingdom.ea Page 4 = EN 1371-1:1997 Introduction oe ‘This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant Inspection given InEN B74 for + the additional requirements of the foundry industry. Liquid penetrant inspection as well as any other non destructive examination method Is pert of # genersl or specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. Poneirant testing examination of castings is stenderdized in two parts: \ eee ase — EN 1971-1; Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings = prEN 1371-2: Investment castings rs 1 Scope ‘This European Standard applies to the liquid penetrant testing of all castings {except copper-tin and/or copper- tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent) produced in conventionel sand moulds, by gravity and low-pressure die casting whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce ther This stendard doeg not apply to investment and pressure 2 Normative references ‘This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited ét the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated teferences, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publici referred to applies. EN 473 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing ~ Part 1: General principles . ED e Founding - Liquid penetrant inspection ~ Part 2: Investment castings prEN 1956 Non-destructive te: 19 ~ Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing - Viewing conditions nd cited at the NOTE: Informative reference to documents used in the pr appropriate places in the text, are listed in a bibliography, se ation of this standard, inex A. 3. Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection ‘The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant inspection is to be performed shall be clearly. defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.Page 5 EN 1971-1:1997 Inspection shall be carried out only on those areas of the castings and on the percentage of castings agreed. Inspection requirements shall be clearly stated in the call for tender, in the request for prices and, mor particularly, in the order sent to the manufacturer and accepted by him, so that the manufacturer can assess the costs of manfacturing to satisfy the required severity level and the costs of additional inspections and operations, and the manufacturing risks involved. . For ich agreed area of the casting to be inspected, the following shall be indicated: ~ type of discontinuity; verity level. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant inspection selecte levels required shall be selected as a function of the liquid pene! manufacturer and the purchaser. Therefore the severity ints v'3ed and the method agreed between the The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see tables 1 to 3). 4 Method of inspection 4.1 Operating mode Inspection shall be carried out as described in EN 671-1. The characteri checked in accordance with spe he penetrant materials shall be fications to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4.2 Qualification of the operators Inspection shall be pérformed by personnel, qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is. considered to be equivalent. The qi ion level of the personnel shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to’be inspected shall contaminant which could inter inspection test results. lean and free from oil, grease, moulding and coating residues or any other fe with the correct implementation and interpretation of the penetrant The surface finish of the casting in the area to be tested shall have sufficient brightness and contrast of colour shape to determine the required severity level. Unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering, finish shall be selected from table 4. NOTE: It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish is ca roughness comparator. sd out using a visual cast-surface it inspection shall be performed on castings in the as-delivered conditon. If sand blasting or shot blasting’) is required, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible dis- continuities. If the tisk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in ofder to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the ‘stching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperature, immersion time neutralizing and rinsing, 4.4 Conditions of inspection The inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with prEN 1966, ') Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing. ee ¥ j997 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1. Indications of discontinuities 5.1.1 General ‘The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), penetrant inspection cannot generally be used to determine the size of discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indic + it allows . In the following clauses = L_ indicates length; - W indicates width: 1 indicates section thickness; = SP indicates non-linear isolated indicat ~ CP indicates non-linear clustered indication; ~ AP indicates aligned indication; = LP indicates linear indication. 5.1.2 Criteria a i 3 tc.) shown in table 1. ‘The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, jled in table 1 shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant 5.2. Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications al linear indication (LP). An indication with a largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension fie. L = 3; : b) non-linear indication. An indication with largest dimension less then three times its smallest dimension fie. L< 3M 5 ~ Isolated (SPI; = clustered {CP}: area of multiple indict = {they seem to form only one indication! ions, the distance between the indications cannot be measured ©) sligned indication (API. Indications that are either = liner: the distance between two indications is smaller than the length of the longest discontinuity i the alignment; indications is !éss than 2 mm and at least three indications ar r; the distance between two 5.3. Severity levels 5.3.1 General Several severity levels are recognized in accordance with tables 2 and 3. It is necessary to carry out the test on a surface coiresponding to 8 given degree of finish (see table 4) depending on the severity level desired. ‘The liquid penetrant inspection for each type of indication and its severity levels shall be specified at the time of ordering, by the purchaser, depending on the use of the castings. The manufacturer shall give his agreement.by we Page 7 EN 1371-1:1997 The penetrant indications to be taken into account shall have dimensions in accordance with the severity level. The required séverity level shall be ‘manufacturer and the purchaser. ected accordingly and specified in the order by agreement between the 5.3.2 Criteria The maximum permissible length for linear or aligned indications vari Section thickness types are specified (see table 3): with the section thickness . Three ~ type 1s 16 mm; = type b: 16 mm < 1s 60 mm; ~ type cf > 50 mm, Tables 2 and 3 show the largest dimensions of the siallest indications to be considered in the severity level concerned. 5.3.3 Tables Table 2 corresponds to non-lin isolated or non-linear clustered indications. Examples of non-linear indications are shown in annexes B and C. These have been established in accordance with table 2; the reference figures are given to and shall be interpreted against a scale of ir Table 3 corresponds to linear or aligned indications. Tables. 2 and 3 a independent (differing severity lavels may be selected from these tables) 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results In order to classify an indication of discontinuity, a ) should be placed in the most unfavourable location. The observed indications shall be in relation to the referenc, severity levels as described in this standard and compared to the equival ely better severity level. inalettions shall be considered to be equivalent when the same number of non-linear spots andlor the same length of linear indications of similar appearance are detected. Maximum permissible digeerth ug may appear ‘simultaneously on the area of 105 mmx 148 mm: ion type, the observed be considered to be in non-conformanc indard when the observed Verity level is worse than that specitied in the order, the casting shall with this standard. It shall be considered as conforming with t verity level is equal to or better than that specified in the order, : For Severity levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, classification shall be made by comparison with reference figures. For Band ayes 001. 01. 02 nd 03, and in the event of dispute in the interpretation of severity levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, reference shall be made to the values in tables 2 and 3. NOTE 1: Reference figures corresponding to non-linear, aligned and clustered indications in accordance with tables 2 and 3 are repre annexes B, C and D for guidance only, drawn to a scele of 1: 1. ions in total are smaller than 105 mmx 148 mm, then the ‘and agreed between the manufacturer and the putPoge 8 EN 1371-1:1997 The requirements deteiled in the order or in the specifications shall be writ used in this standard: -Extiniples of j.ow the requirements shall be specified are as follows: = non-linear indications level 2 (sbbreviated as SP 2); = linear and aligned indications level 5 (ab: evieted as LP Sc and AP Bc). NOTE 2: "c* in LP 6c means: The section thickness type r is greater than 50 mm, NOTE 3: Severity level references are arbitrary. They cannot be considered in the same progression from ‘one table to the other nor from one kind of indication to another. NOTE 4: Provided that on the casting surf contains discontinuities which exceed the agreed geverity level, theré is no limit to the acceptability of discontinuities. 7 Ordering ‘The enquiry and/or order shall specify the following points: 8} the area(s) of the castingis) and percentage of castings to be inspected ( e clause 3); b) the manufacturing stage or stages when the inspection is to be carried out, as agreed between the parties (see clause 3); Cc) the type of discontinuity indications and the severity level for each area of the casting(s) to be inspected {see clause 3 and 6.2). 8 Retesting Retesting shall be in accordance with EN 671-1 % 9 Post-exemination cleaning procedures Post-examination cleaning procedures shall be in accordance with EN 571-1. J Inspection documentation Inspection documentation shall be in accordance with EN 571~ is shown in annex E. A model of a trilingual inspection documentPage 3 EN 1971-1:1997 ‘Table 1: Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant Inspection indications. symbol non-linear isolated SP Lp ap (Gas porosity A x = x jand and/or slag inclusions A z = x {other than alumina) Shrinkage defects due to nitrogen’) G x x x Cracks. D = x x Hot tears E = x x — Inserts F x x x —- ©) [ters and cold shuts H = x x Presence of alumina’) J = x x Graphite flotation’) K *) For non-ferrous alloys only For cast iron onlyPage 10 EN 1371-1:1997 ‘Tobie 2: Severity levels for quid penstrant inspection - Non-inear Incleations') Isolated (SP) or clustered (CP) Ty Severity levels C1 spor) | spo2 | spos | sp1 | sP2 | sP3|°o.4 | gpg . cp.o1) | cpoz | cpos | cp1 | cp2 | ce3 magnifying Inspection means glass or eye eye Magnification for observation | 1 H of penetrant indication Diametér of smallest indication to be considered in mm a ud 1 Ww] 2] o-[+6 u Maximum number of non-linear| indications allowed a ie a . S| 12 | 20 | a2 Maximum size of discontinuity indcnton AB, Cand F ® allowed in mm ~ isolated indications SP 1 1 1s | 3 6 }.9 | 14 |oa ~ clustered indications CP 3 4 6 |1 | 1 | 2 | - | - {for aluminium alloys only, ‘with @ maximum of 2 per ares) ) Such that L < 3 W where Z is the length and Wis the width of the indication. 2) Severity level to be reserved for particular us NOTE 1: Only, values expressed in this table are valid. Reference figures are for information only (see annexes # and C). NOTE 2: The sensitivity can differ, depending on the method of penetrant inspection ected. NOTE 3: The penetrant indications may grow over a period of time and this should be taken into account. | @Page 11 EN 1371-1:1997 Table 3: Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection ~ Linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications") Severity te wpoor furor | upi [| we2 | ips [ ups | ws apooi | apoi| ap1 | AP2 | ap3 | apa | APE a ‘magnifying glass Inepecton meane ing oe Maghiiation for observation of za 7 pert indeation : Length of smallest indication to be considered in mm O38 18 2 a 8 5 “Arrangomert of indications - | isolated (I) or cumulative (C) bod Hyeyryeyiyeyryeyrye Masur ection thickness lve pend ofa aol off [roe |repfee wrth | PES tigned im section thickness inloations ‘ype ° a lA] oa} ofe |rat4r |27 Ho tllowed | 16 mm <1 60mm | depending jon the" | section thickness Z| lp a ‘ypee of | 2/) 5 Ko] 10 }40 |18 }4o | 20 [4s | 45 Yo in ment pee 1 {P| BL |S figure figure figure D2) D3 De Following annex D figure figure D6 DT 1) The length L of an aligned indication is the distence between the land the opposite end of the last discontinuity iL = 3 W) ing point of the first discontinuity 2) No functional relationship exists betwaen range of wall thickness and maximum crack length, relative to fracture mechanics study. However, this table is # useful guide where no relevant fracture mechanics parameters presently exist. NOTE 1; Only values expre annex 0), this table are valid. Reference figures or for information only (see NOTE 2: The severity levels 001, 01 and 1 are di NOTE 3: Tho sensitivity can differ, depending on the method of pene NOTE 4: The penetrant indications may grow over a period of time and this should be taken into account.Page 12 EN 1371-1:1997 ‘Table 4: Recommended surface finish for liquid penetrant inspection, rel Dimension of smallest indication tors!) SCRATA) 2/081 ~ 1/081 182-282 AG 181-281 AY ; oo i 382-452 Ht ‘ 5 281-381 A2 H 482-552 H2 iH noni specified A3-A4 i (rough surface) H3 ) See EN 1370 *) See annex APage 13 EN 1971-1:1997 Annex A (informative) 4 Bibliography {In the preparation of this European Standard, use was made of a number of documents for reference purposes. ‘These informative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. 180 4987 Stoel castings ~ Penetrant inspection Iso 9916 Aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy castings - Liquid penetrant inspection "SCRATA comparators for the definition of surface quality of steel castings", available from The Castings Development Centre Ltd., 7 East Bank Road, Sheffield, S2 3PT, United Kingdom. “BNIF 359 Recommandation technique du Bureaus de Normalisation des Industries de la Fonderie. Caractérisation d’états de surface des pidces moulées ~ Utilisation des échantillons types de 110 x 160 mm*, available from Editions Techniques des Industries de la Fonderie, 44 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92310 Sévres, France. Annex B (informative) - Reference figures - Non-linear isolated indications designated SP Valid for all cast alloys éxcept cast aluminium and magnesium alloys NOTE: All re rence figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and are drawn and shall be used at a scale of Figure B.1: Severity level SP tPage 14 EN 1971-1:1997 Figure B.2: Severity level SP 2 a) Le Se Figure B.3: Severity level SP 3 hPaPage 18 EN 1971-1:1997 Figure B.4: Severity level SP 4 .® . 0: | ’ e ® ° @ . oo. 8 oe O 7 ® ° @ » 40 Figure B.6: Severity level SP 5Page 16 s EN 1371-1:1997 Annex C (informative) i Reference figures - Non-linear indications designated SP and CP Valid only for aluminium and magnesium cast alloys. i NOTE: All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and are drawn and shall be used at a scale of 1: 1. i Figure C.1: Severity level SP'1 - CP 1Page 17 EN 1371-1:1997 Figure C.2: Severity level SP 2 - CP 2 Figure C.3: Severity level SP 3 ~ CP'SPage 18 EN 1371-1:1997 Annex D (informative) Reference figures — Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP Valid for all cast alloys NOTE: All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and are drawn and shall be uséd at a scale of 1: 1. Figure D.1: Severity level LP 1a - AP 1a =ePage 19 EN 1971-1:1997 Figure D.3: Severity level LP 1¢ - AP 1c ILP 2b*) ~ AP 2b *) or LP 3a *) - AP 3a*)] ") Approximately comparable at these severity levels |Page 20 EN 1371-1:1997 Figure D.4: Severity level LP 2c ~ AP 2c [LP 3b*) — AP 3b*) of LP 4a*) ~ AP.4 jt Severity level LP 3c - AP 3c [LP 4b*) - AP 4b*) or LP 6 - AP 6a)] "| Approximately comparable at these severity levelsPage 21 EN 1971-1:1997 an : Bot Figure D.6: Severity level LP 4c - AP 4c [LP 6b*) ~ AP Sb*i] Figure D.7: Severity level LP Sc - AP 6c | | 1 | | +) Approximately comparable at these severity lovelé bpd &Annex E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant Inspection document Company Liquid-penetrant inspection document Société Document de contréle Firma Prafbescheinigung zur Eindringprofung Customer Order No. Client Commande n* Kunde Bestell-Nr. Specltication Material Spécification Nuance Vorschrift Werkstoft Schmelze Nr. Taenitication | Guanity | Casting designation Tot No, Brewing No; Marquege Quantité |- Désignstion des pitces | n° du lot Plan n* Kennzeichnung Menge | GuBstdckbezeichnung | _Los Nr. Zeichnung Nr. Tapa exnrined = Fone ContTelee = PruTbersich 0 100 % Ci testing scheme - plan de contréle ~ Prifplan C. cavity root ~ fonds atfouillements ~. Avsmuldung fOr Schweitung Stage - stede — Zustand CO. after heat treatment - apras traitement thermique — nach Wirmebehendlung O betore stress relieving avant détensionnement - vor Spnnungsarmglihen Dye-penetrant ~ pénétrant — Eindringmittel Trademark ~ marque ~ Handelsmarke ... Excess penetrant remover ~ produit de lavage - Spilmittel Trademark ~ marque ~ Handelsmarke’...ssssseeres Developer - révélateur ~ Entwickler Trademark - marque - Handelsmarke (continued)a Model (continued) Page 23, EN 1371-1:1997 Testing conditions — conditions Wexamen = Prifbedingungen jurface condition ~ état de surface - Oberflchenzustand ‘shot blasted - grensillé ~ gestrahit D ground - meuté - geschitten TD machined — usiné - mechanisch b Casting temperature — température de la pidce moulée - Guisticktemperatur D5 ‘Cup tofjusqu'amis 14 °C 0116 ‘cup tojusqu'anis 36 *c D 36 ‘Cup tojusqu'abis 55 *C oO os mELe Pre-cleaning ~ nettoyage préslable - Vorreinigung 7 D yes - oui - Ono + non - nein Penetrant application — application du pénétrant — Auftragan des Pritmittels O brush - pinceau - Pinsel D spray - pulvérisation - Sprihen D aiip - immersion - Tauchen Penetration time — temps d’imprégnation - Eindringdauer ++ min Penetration removal ~ elimination du péndtrant ~ Entforen des Eindringmivele D cleaning with water - lavage a eau - Abspiilen mit Wasser CO solvent - solvant ~ Losemittel Drying time'~ durée de séchage = Tracknungsdauer min Drying temperature ~ température de séchage - Trocknungstemperatur Developer epplication — pplication du révélateur - Anwendung des Entwickle C2. brush - pinceau - Pinsel CO spray - pulvérisation - Sprohen wet - humide ~ nas D dry - sec - trocken Developing time ~ temps de révélation ~ Entwicklungsdaue Mlumination - éclairage - Beleuchtung CO naturel - naturel - Tagesiicht D artiticial - artiticiel - kanstlich D uttraviolet ~ ultraviolet ~ ultraviolett Testing results - résultats de l'examen — Prifergebnisse ‘According to - conforme a - entsprechend ‘Accepted - accepté - abgenommen Oy Dino - non - nein oul - ja (continued)Page 24 EN 1371-1:1997 Model (concluded) Won-conformance note - fiche d’enomalie — Beanstendung Continuation sheet ~ annexe - Fortsetzungsblett 13 Yes = out - je C no - non ~ nein Tnepection authority ~ organieme de controle = Abnahmegesellachaft ‘Quality sasurance section ~ service assurance qualité - Abteilung Qualitétssicherung nature de Tihepscteur/contrOleur ~ Unterschrit des Letters der | Stanatare srnapectaraperator= fetolle/Prifers ick the relevant box. Hf applicable, Suivant le cas, cocher le case correspondante. Fells zutreffend, Entsprechendes ankreuzen.