HUMSS 12-1

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Q1-M1

LESSON 1

PRETEST

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. C

What’s New

Activity 1

A. QUANTITATIVE B. QUALITATIVE
MEASURABLE BEHAVIOR
STATISTICAL NARRATIVE
OBJECTIVE TEXT-BASED
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP SUBJECTIVE
DEDUCTIVE INDUCTIVE
GENERALIZABLE UNSTRUCTED OBSERVATION
TABLES AND CHARTS SMALL SAMPLE
INTERVENTION

Activity 2

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. E
What’s More

Activity 1

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. False

Activity 2

1. Yes
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. Yes
6. No
7. Yes
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. No

What I Have Learned

1. What is quantitative research?

Quantitative research are empirical research used to generate and measured data by employing
statistical analysis. It seeks to confirm hypothesis whether to prove it or disprove it. In addition,
a quantitative research examines the relationship between variables. In a quantitative research
it usually asked how much, how often, what is the differences and etc. Quantitative research is
deductive which means it starts with general statement hypothesis and examines possibilities
and outcomes. It’s data is purely objective which means information or analysis are based on
facts. To make it precise, quantitative research quantifies the data and generalized result to
target population.

2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?

Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research problems
because of the following characteristics:
 1. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must
come from a large sample size.
2. OBJECTIVE. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively,
and are unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.
3. VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION. Data is numerical, which makes presentation
through graphs, charts, and tables possible and for better conveyance and
interpretation.
4. FASTER DATA ANALYSIS. The use of a statistical tools give way for a less time-
consuming data analysis.
5. GENERALIZED DATA. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if
sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.
6. FAST DATA COLLECTION. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be
quick and easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that
allow the researcher to collect data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance,
a single survey form can be administered simultaneously to collect various measurable
characteristics like age, gender, socio-economic status, etc.
7. RELIABLE DATA. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a
representative of the population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking
and decision making.
8. REPLICATION. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing
its validity, free from false or immature conclusions.

3. Discuss the strengths of quantitative research

The following are the strengths of quantitative research.
1. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
2. Findings are generalizable to the population.
3. Conclusive establishment of cause and effect
4. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering.
7. Very objective.
8. Validity and reliability can be established.
4. Discuss the weaknesses of quantitative research
The following are the disadvantages of quantitative research:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A Large sample size makes data collection more costly.
5. Describe each type of quantitative design and give one (1) example for each kind.
Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in
nature. There is no experimental manipulation and the researcher does not start with a
 hypothesis. The goal of descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the study.
An example of descriptive research design is “the determination of the different kinds of
physical activities and how often high school students do it during the quarantine period.”
The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by
observation since it does not consider the cause and effect for example, the relationship
between the amount of physical activity done and student academic achievement.
Expost facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and
present conditions. The term “Ex post facto”, means after the fact, looks at the possible causes
of an already occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no experimental
manipulation in this design. An example of this is “how does the parent’s academic achievement
affect the children obesity?”
A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause and effect relationship of variables.
Although it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to
the absence of random selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is
identified but not manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects.
The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to
treatment (control): example, the effects of unemployment on attitude towards following safety
protocol in ECQ declared areas.
Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause and effect
relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it
uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations. For example, a
comparison of the effects of various blended learning to the reading comprehension of
elementary pupils.

What I Can Do

RESEARCH TITLE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

DESIGN
1. HOW SECOND DESCRIPTIVE
GRADE
STUDENTS
SPEND THEIR
TIME DURING
SUMMER
VACATION
2. THE CORRELATIONAL
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
INTELLIGENCE
AND SELF-
ESTEEM
3. THE EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL
POSITIVE
REINFORCEMEN
T ON ATTITUDE
TOWARD
 SCHOOL
4. THE CORRELATIONAL
COVARIANCE OF
SMOKING AND
LUNG DISEASE
5. THE IMPACT OF QUASI EXPERIMENTAL
NET NEUTRALITY
AND WHAT
COULD POSSIBLY
HAPPEN IN THE
FUTURE
6. THE DESCRIPTIVE
DETERMINATION
OF THE
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES AND
HOW OFTEN
HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS DO IT
DURING THE
QUARANTINE
PERIOD
7. HOW WEIGHT EX POST FACTO
INFLUENCES
SELF-ESTEEM
LEVELS IN
ADULTS
8. THE CORRELATIONAL
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
ANXIETY AND
ACHIEVEMENT
9. VLOGGING AND QUASI EXPERIMENTAL
STUDENT’S
SPEAKING
COMPETENCE
11. COMPETITIVE EX POST FACTO
EMPLOYMENT
OUTCOMES FOR
INDIVIDUALS WITH
MENTAL RETARDATION
NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

LESSON 2
What’s New

Activity 1

1. B
2. A
3. F
4. C
5. H
6. G
7. D
8. E

Activity 2

1. Intercession – intervention
2. To find out – discover
3. Salable – marketable
4. Quicken, expedite – fast track
5. Relationship – correlation
6. Create, produce – crafting
7. Compatibility – interoperability
8. Toughest – sturdiest
9. Changeable – variable
10. Global, widespread – pandemic
What’s More

PUBLIC
SERVICE

QUANTITATIVE SALES
ADVERTISING RESEARCH

MEDICINE

PUBLIC SERVICE- Used quantitative researches that aims to gain a better understanding of the
social world through data collection. Quantitative methods are used by researchers to observe
conditions or events that have an impact on people. It yields objective data that can be
expressed effectively using statistics and numbers.
ADVERTISING- For evaluating customer attitudes and behaviors, market sizing, classification,
and finding determinants for brand memory and product purchase decisions, quantitative
market research is utilized.
 SALES- To determine the size of your market and how much it is valued to your company, as well
as to discover possibilities for sales growth Quantitative approach can also assist you in gaining a
better understanding of your clients' demographics, such as their age and gender. Statistics are
the result of quantitative research.
MEDICINE- It focuses on teaching people how to analyze systems and work processes that are
complex. It also includes techniques for developing and implementing new or modified work
processes or components in medical institutions.

What I Have Learned

A. How is quantitative research relevant to different discipline?
Psychology - study and develop the methods and techniques used to measure human
behavior and other attributes. Their work involves the statistical and mathematical
modeling of psychological processes, the design of research studies and the analysis of
psychological data.
Marketing - used for estimating consumer attitudes and behaviors, market sizing,
segmentation and identifying drivers for brand recall and product purchase decisions
Politics - Politics is a discipline where quantitative methods plays a major role in the
study of all empirical branches, including international relations, public policy, public
administration and political institutions.
History - It approach to historical research that makes use of quantitative, statistical and
computer tools.

B. Explain briefly, the importance or contribution of quantitative research to each of the

following fields of study.

Field Importance/Contribution
Natural and Physical Science Social scientists, including
communication scholars,
employ quantitative research to
investigate occurrences or
incidents that affect humans.
The study of people is what
social scientists are interested
in.
Education It contributes to the
advancement of knowledge, as
well as practical improvement
and policy information. As a
result, educators can use the
findings of the research to
improve their skills and the
teaching and learning process.
Sports They could keep track of how
many people stated they enjoy
sports because it allows them to
 spend time with their friends.
Arts and Designs Qualitative research methods
may be used to describe the
impact of the arts in education.
Quantitative research tries to
assess the impact of the arts on
student learning by testing the
claims using controlled,
experimental methodologies.
Agriculture and Fisheries The goal of a quantitative study
is to improve fisheries and
population management.
Information and One of the contribution or
Communication Technology importance of quantitative
research in Information and
Communication technology is
that, it can develop and can
employ models which is based
on mathematical approach,
hypothesis and theories. It also
generates knowledge and
create understanding about the
social world. It can improve
understanding of the science
system's workings, structural
dependencies and dynamics. It
also provides practical, use
friendly coverage of how to use
statistics, how to interpret
printouts, how to write results,
and how to assess whether the
assumptions or hypothesis have
been met.
Social Science Large samples, standardized
metrics, a deductive
methodology, and tightly
structured data-gathering
equipment are all used in
hypothesis testing.
Business and Accounting It employs data and statistical
analysis to illuminate key
information about your
company and market. Aids you
in gauging interest in your firm
and its products.

What I Can Do
Field Title, Author/s, Yr Published
Education The Better You Feel the Better
You Learn: Do Warm Colours
and Rounded Shapes Enhance
Learning Outcome in
Multimedia Learning?
Munchow, H, Mengelkamp, C,
Bannert, M. (2017)
Medicine Quantitative Research Methods
in Medical Education. Thomas
Beckman (2019)
Sports A Quantitative Study of the
Relationship between
Institutional enrollment
Measures in fcs Athletic
Institutions. Robert D.
McDermand, B.A., M.A., M.P.A.,
M.B.A. (2018)
Food Industry The Effectiveness of Regulatory
Policy in the Maryland Food
Industry. Robert Kilmer, K.
Williams
(2018)
Agriculture Adoption of Climate Smart
Agricultural Practices among
Smallholder Farmers in Fujian
China. Rao Sabir Sattar (2018)
Arts The Impact of Visual Arts in
Students’ Academic
Performance. Jovita F. Punzalan
(2018)
Social Science Perception of Iligan City
National High School
Humanities and Social Sciences
Students towards the Divorce
Legalization Bill. Nicolyn
Aragones, Caryl Jade Punay,
Janidah Ampatua, Chris T.
Sagarino (2019)
Environmental Science Assessing the Level of
Awareness on Climate Change
Contribution
Finds a way to improve
learning through colors
and shapes.
To review the quantitative
aspects of research in medical
education so that clinicians may
understand these articles with
respect to framing the study.
Found out that there’s no
relationships between athletic
spending and any of the
dependent variables under
study.
It determines the effectiveness
of CFMs in reducing the
incidence of foodborne illness in
Maryland counties.
Most of the households were of
low adoption group of CSA
practices while some farmers
belonged to high adoption
group of CSA practices.
It was concluded that no
significant IQ and age
differences exists between the
experimental and control
groups in terms of IQ and age
They give importance to religion
or their religious belief as it is
one of the reasons why
majority of the students
disagree the idea of divorce.
University education could
improve the level of awareness
 and Sustainable Development of students on climate change
Among Students of Partido from first to fourth year levels.
State University, Camarines Sur,
Philippines By Ariel B. Barreda
(2018)

ICT Teaching and Learning with
Technology: Effectiveness of ICT
Integration in Schools
Simin Ghavifekr, Wan Athirah
Wan Rosdy (2015)
Find ways to show the effective
ways of using technologies in
teaching and learning.

Energy The Interactions between Oil
Price and Renewable Energy
Sources Stock Prices.
Alessandro Romano (2019)
Found out that the interactions
between oil prices and
renewable energy stock prices
can help policymakers and
investors’ decision-making

LESSON 3

What’s New

Activity 1

1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. D

What’s More

Activity 1

1. Independent variable: The performance of the three groups of the students during math
examination

Dependent variable: The score of the students in math examination

Extraneous variable: The controlled room temperature of 18 oC, 20oC, and 25oC

2. Independent variable: the variable of the price.

Dependent variable; the number of consumer

Extraneous variable; the type of product

3. Independent variable: Soil

Dependent variable: Petchay

Extraneous variable: Housewife

4. Independent variable: Charging cable combination

Dependent variable: Faster to fill the phone battery

Extraneous variable: Different phone brands

5. Independent variable: 3 types of learning modules

Dependent variable: Scores and completion time of the 3 groups

Extraneous variable: Slow internet and travel time to submit activity sheets

Activity 2

Data Types of variable Classification ( discrete,

( qualitative/quantitative ) continuous, interval, ratio,
nominal, dichotomous, ordinal )
1. Amount of fertilizer Quantitative Discrete
given to plants
2. Weight of Pechay Quantitative Continuous
harvested (in grams)
3. Speed of car Quantitative Ratio
4. Tomato plant variety Qualitative Nominal
5. Color of alcohol Qualitative Nominal
packaging (blue,
orange, white, pink)
6. Educational level of Quantitative Discrete
parents (high school
grad, college grad, MS,
PhD)
 7. Online seller Quantitative Ordinal
satisfaction rating (1-5
stars)
8. Cellphone brand Qualitative Nominal
9. Number of COVID-19 Quantitative Discrete
positive cases
10. Type of music Qualitative Nominal
11. Number of passengers Quantitative Discrete
in a PUJ
12. Socio-economic status Qualitative Nominal
13. Gender Qualitative Nominal
14. Temperature in Quantitative Interval
Fahrenheit
15. Civil Status Qualitative Nominal

What I Have Learned

1. Compare and contrast qualitative variables and quantitative variables.

- Quantitative variables whose values result from counting or measuring something.

- Qualitative variables whose values do not result form measuring or counting.

2. Why are dependent and independent variables not applicable in a descriptive type of

research?

- Descriptive studies only describe the current state of a variable, so there are no presumed cause or
effects, therefore no independent and dependent variables. Since neither variable in a correlational
design is manipulated, it is impossible to determine which is the cause and which is the effect

3. How important is it for the researcher to identify the type of variables used in the study?

- They guide the researchers to pursue their studies with maximum curiosity. Dependent and
independent variables are important because they drive the research process.

4. How does confounding variable affect the validity of the study?

- Failing to account for confounding variables can cause you to wrongly estimate the relationship
between your independent and dependent variables.
5. When do we use discrete, continuous, nominal, ordinal

- Discrete and continuous are part of quantitative, we use them on counting whole numbers and
fractional.

- Nominal and ordinal are part of qualitative, we use them in defining group of subject (nominal) and
ranking in a certain order (ordinal).

What I Can Do

Dexter Rodriguez

Title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement among Elementary Pupils

Independent variable: Method of teaching

Dependent variable: Language Achievement

Extraneous variable: Ventilation of facilities; physical ambiance

Joshua Delos Reyes

Title: Fluency is Determined by the Amount of the Oral Practice of the Target Language

Independent variable: amount of the oral practice of the target language

Dependent variable: Fluency

Angel Pascual

Title: Is the Concentration of the Students Influenced by the Class Studying Time

Independent variable: the class studying time

Dependent variable: concentration

Assessment (Post-Test)

1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. C
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. C