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Home » Plane Trigonometry

Functions of a Right Triangle

From the right triangle shown below,

 
the trigonometric functions of angle θ are defined as follows:
opposite side a
sin θ = =

hypotenuse c

adjacent side b
cos θ = =

hypotenuse c

opposite side a
tan θ = =

adjacent side b

hypotenuse c
csc θ = =

opposite side a

hypotenuse c
sec θ = =

adjacent side b

adjacent side b
cot θ = =

opposite side a

 
The above relationships can be written into acronym soh-cah-toa-cho-sha-cao.
1. soh = sine of theta is equal to opposite side over the hypotenuse.
 2. cah = cosine of theta is equal to adjacent side over the hypotenuse.
3. toa = tangent of theta is equal to opposite side over the adjacent side.
4. cho = cosecant of theta is equal to hypotenuse over the opposite side.
5. sha = secant of theta is equal to hypotenuse over the adjacent side.
6. cao = cotangent of theta is equal to adjacent side over the opposite side.
See how these relationships were used to derive the Pythagorean identities.

 
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