CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Waxy or glutinous corn is one of the major crops grown in the Philippines with

over a million Filipino farmers, depending on it as their main source of income and

employment. With the increasing population of Filipinos and the rise in the market

demand for cornicks, local production of waxy corn grains has always been barely able to

support the demand of the processing industry.

Growing waxy hybrid is just like growing yellow corn hybrid. However, isolation

is needed to avoid cross pollination specially to yellow hybrids which will affect quality

of the waxy corn- some grains will become yellow when cross pollinated to yellow

varieties. It should be planted about 200 meters away from yellow corn or should be

planted 21 days earlier or later than yellow non-waxy hybrid to avoid cross pollination.

Planting distance is 70 cm between rows and 20 cm between hills or about 70,000

plants per hectare. If you decide to plant for the green corn market, it should be planted

at 70 cm between rows and 25 cm between hills at or about 57,000 plants per hectare.

Wider planting distance is generally recommended for green corn so that the plants will

produce bigger and better ears. Bigger ears with good grain filling are more attractive to

buyers and commands better prices.

Furthermore, organic fertilizer, also known as compost used to enrich the soil to

improve the quality of soil and improve plant health. It helps improve the soil texture as

well. Organic fertilizer is primarily based or natural occurring compounds instead of

chemical based compounds. Organic fertilizer is composed of natural ingredients from

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plants and animals Barrera and Tabayoyong (1977) revealed that organic fertilizer is

lower in chemical than inorganic. Okapi in Japan proposed the concept and principle of

nature farming more than 50 years ago. One of the strict principles of nature farming is

the prohibition of the use of chemical and undreamed manure fertilizer (Okapi, 1987).

Therefore, nature farming practitioners and researchers has to find some kind of organic

materials to substitute for chemical fertilizer. Farmers usually use compost and processed

organic fertilizer, which come from different materials

Objective of the Study

1. To determine which types of organic fertilizers would give a better effect in the

yield of glutinous corn.

2. To determine which level of organic fertilizers would give a higher yield in the

glutinous corn.

3. To determine the interaction effect on the yield of glutinous corn applied with

different of organic fertilizers at various levels.

Importance of the Study

The Philippine Department of Agriculture advocates the application of organic

fertilizers and other soil ameliorants for growing plants. Among these fertilizers are the

bodega farm, V4 and vermicomposting. It was applied to soil and it enhances the growth

of crops during vegetative period. To determine its efficacy on organic fertilizer on

glutinous corn production. Since most corn, farmers cannot produce corn for market

purposes due to the cost of commercial fertilizer. Thus, the study aimed to determine the

yield of glutinous corn as applied with different levels of organic fertilizers at various
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levels. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design

with three replications and nine treatments.

The study would serve as a guide and reference to the student and the future

researcher who intend to conduct similar study on the production of the glutinous corn.

The result of this study were provide technical knowledge in glutinous corn production

and the importance of using organic fertilizer in the culture of the glutinous corn. Finding

of the study was provide useful information to the student and the researchers on the

proper amount of organic fertilizer for the growth and yield of glutinous corn.

Scope and Delimitation

This study on the Yield of Glutinous Corn Applied With Different Organic

Fertilizers At Various Levels was conducted at Purok Malabago, Brgy. East Candoni,

Negros Occidental, Philippines was on November 13, 2017 to January 18, 2018.

Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (FRCBD) was used in the study. There

were nine (9) treatments combinations replicated three (3) times making a total of thirty-

six (36) variants consisting of 32 plants in every treatment.

Definition of Terms

Cob - a part of a corn ear where the kernels are attached.

Cultivation - it is a preparation of the soil for raising of crop for faster growth.

Ear length - it is the length of the ear of the plant from base to the tip of the ear.

Fertilizers - it refers to the materials being applied to the soil in the form of

organic, synthetic organic and synthetic inorganic.

Glutinous corn - it is mainly grown for foods and feeds for livestock.
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Halt - it is a biological insecticide containing bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis.

Hilling up - it is the process of covering the adventitious roots of sweet corn its

vegetative stage.

Kernels - are the grains of corn plant attached to corncob.

Levels - refers to the amount of organic fertilizer used in the study.

Organic Fertilizer - a fertilizer coming from decayed or decaying plant and

animal materials that provide other macro and micro plant nutrients and are released as

organic matter decays.

Tassel - a reproductive part of the corn which produced pollen grain or it is the

male of the corn.

Variety - it refers to the type of plant that is distinctly uniform and stable.

Yield - the total production of harvested crop expressed in tons per hectare.