Treaty of

Hudaybiyyah

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (Arabic: ‫َص َلح ٱْلُح َد ْي ِب َّي ة‬‎, romanized: Ṣalaḥ Al-Ḥudaybiyyah) was an event
that took place during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was a pivotal treaty
between Muhammad, representing the state of Medina, and the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in
January 628 (corresponding to Dhu al-Qi'dah, AH 6). It helped to decrease tension between the
two cities, affirmed peace for a period of 10 years, and authorised Muhammad's followers to
return the following year in a peaceful pilgrimage, later known as The First Pilgrimage.[1][2][3]
 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

Hudaibiyyah Peace Agreement

Type Peace Agreement

Drafted c.629 CE

Signed c.629 CE

Location Hudaybiyyah

Effective c.630 CE

Negotiators Muhammad

Uthman ibn Affan

Parties Quraysh

Muslims

Any other tribe can also join

Language Arabic

Treaty of Hudaibiyyah at Wikisource

Attempted pilgrimage

Muhammad had a premonition that he entered Mecca and did tawaf around the Ka'bah. His
companions in Madinah were delighted when he told them about it. They all revered Mecca and
the Kaaba and they learned to do tawaf there. In 628, Muhammad and a group of 1,400 Muslims
marched peacefully without arms towards Mecca, in an attempt to perform the Umrah
(pilgrimage). They were dressed as pilgrims, and brought sacrificial animals, hoping that the
Quraish would honour the Arabian custom of allowing pilgrims to enter the city. The Muslims
had left Medina in a state of ihram, a premeditated spiritual and physical state which restricted
their freedom of action and prohibited fighting. This, along with the paucity of arms carried,
indicated that the pilgrimage was always intended to be peaceful.[4]

Muhammad and his followers camped outside of Mecca, and Muhammad met with Meccan
emissaries who wished to prevent the pilgrims' entry into Mecca. After negotiations, the two
parties decided to resolve the matter through diplomacy rather than warfare, and a treaty was
drawn up.[5]
 Conditional points of the treaty

After a long discussion, both parties agreed with some conditional points, such as:

1. The Messenger of Allah will have to return to Madina instead of having entered Mecca that
year. The Muslim shall perform their pilgrimage in the upcoming year and they would stay
in peace at Mecca for three days with no arms except sheathed swords.

2. There will be a truce between both parties for ten years, whereby during this period all the
people may enjoy safety and harmony.

3. Whoever wishes to enter into a covenant with the Prophet will be allowed to do so, and
whoever wishes to enter into a covenant with the Quraish will be allowed to do so. Whoever
enters into any one of the parties will be considered part of that party.  Likewise, any sort of
exaggeration on them will be considered exaggeration against that party.

4. Whoever flees to Muhammad from Mecca without the permission of his guardians will be
sent back to the Quraysh, but whoever comes to the Quraysh from the Muslims will not be
sent back to the Muslims. The writer of the treaty was Ali Ibn Abu Taleb.[6]

Umar's opposition

After the treaty was signed, some of the pilgrims objected to Muhammad giving in on most
points to the Quraysh, use the name of Allah and call himself the Messenger of God. That led to
Umar questioning points of the treaty.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] after that he allegedly used to regret that
he used to talk to the Prophet in the manner that he had never done before.[11] This was
recorded in Sahih Muslim.[14]

Significance

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was very important in Islam. It helped a lot of muslims. They
recognised the Islamic state in Medina by signing the treaty. The treaty also allowed the
Muslims who were still in Mecca to practise Islam publicly. Further, as there was no longer a
constant struggle between the Muslims and the polytheists, many people saw Islam in a new
light, which led to many more people accepting Islam. In addition, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
paved the way for many other tribes to make treaties with the Muslims. The treaty also serves as
an example that Islam was not merely spread with the sword, as Muhammad had an army that
could have attacked Mecca, but Muhammad chose to make a treaty instead of attacking.[15]
The oath that Muhammad took "under the tree" at al-Hudaybiyyah made him a true ruler over
parts of western Arabia. In early Islamic Egypt, having an forefather who had "pledged allegiance
under the tree" conferred considerable social prestige.[16]

A verse of the Quran was revealed about the treaty, which means, "Verily we have granted thee a
manifest victory" (Quran 48:1).

See also

Pledge of the Tree

List of treaties

Urwah ibn Masʽud

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.

1. Tafsir (https://web.archive.org/web/20040825002347/http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=48&tid=4960
0)

2. Armstrong, Karen (2007). Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 175–181.
ISBN 978-0-06-115577-2.

3. Armstrong, Karen (2002). Islam: A Short History. New York: Modern Library. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8129-6618-
3.

4. Andrae; Menzel (1960) p. 156; See also: Watt (1964) p. 183. On p. 182 Watt gives the date of setting out
as "13 March". This is according to the fixed calendar, which did not come into use for another four years.
See Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa#Discrepancy in dates.

5. Mutahhari, Murtadha (2020). "The Event Of Hudaybiyyah" (http://www.al-islam.org/unschooled-prophet-a

yatullah-murtadha-mutahhari/event-hudaybiyyah) . Al-Islam. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

6. Al Mamun, Abdullah. "THE ROLE OF THE TREATY OF HUDAYBIAH IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS" (http
s://journal.unisza.edu.my/mjis/index.php/mjis/article/view/105/55) . Malaysian Journal of Islamic
Studies. 3 (2): 136.

7. Razwy, Sayed Ali Asgher. A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims. pp. 183–186.

8. Glubb, Sir John. The Great Arab Conquests.

9. Bodley, R.V.C. The Messenger - the Life of Mohammed (https://archive.org/details/messengerlifeofm0

0bodl) .
10. al-Samawi, Muhammad al-Tijani. Then I was Guided (https://archive.org/details/ThenIWasGuidedMuham
madAlTijaniAlSamawi) .

11. "The Treaty of Hudaybiyah" (https://questionsonislam.com/article/treaty-hudaybiyah) . Questions on

Islam. Retrieved 15 June 2018.

12. Ibn Hisham. ibid, Volume 3. p. 331.

13. ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. ibid, Volume 4. p. 330.

14. Muslim. Sahih, Volume 3. p. 1412.

15. "Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)" (https://islamqa.info/en/answers/11575/muh

ammad-peace-and-blessings-of-allaah-be-upon-him) . islamqa.info. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

16. Tillier, Mathieu; Vanthieghem, Naïm (2019). Tolan, John (ed.). "Recording Debts in Sufyānid Fusṭāṭ: A
Reexamination of the Procedures and Calendar in Use in the First/Seventh Century" (https://halshs.archiv
es-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02308264/file/Tillier-Vanthieghem-Recording%20debts-DEF.pdf) (PDF). Geneses:
A Comparative Study of the Historiographies of the Rise of Christianity, Rabbinic Judaism and Islam.
London: Routledge: 148–188. doi:10.4324/9781351113311-8 (https://doi.org/10.4324%2F97813511133
11-8) . ISBN 9781351113311.

The Oxford History of Islam by John Esposito (Oxford U. Press, 1999)

William Montgomery Watt (1961). Muhammad: prophet and statesman (http://www.archive.or

g/details/in.gov.ignca.29762/page/n195/mode/2up) . Oxford.

Sayyid Ali Ashgar Razwy (2014). A restatement of the history of Islam and Muslims (http://ww
w.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/27929) .

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